@article {pmid41791736,
year = {2026},
author = {Liang, Y and Song, Y and Hong, J and Chen, M and Wu, J and Ou, Y and Liang, M and Lu, Y},
title = {Biodiversity dynamics of aerially collected arthropods in Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) invaded and excluded orchard agro-ecosystems.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {1849-1859},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toag028},
pmid = {41791736},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2022B1111030002//Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province/ ; 2021YFD1000500//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2023YFN0030//Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology in Sichuan Province/ ; 2025B04J0001//Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou/ ; 2023TX07A017//Guangdong Special Support Program-Leading Talents in Science and Technology Innovation/ ; 202405AF140082//Science and Technology Talent and Platform Project of Yunnan/ ; //Science and Technology Talent and Platform Project of Yunnan/ ; 202405AF140082//Academician and Expert Workstation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Fire Ants/physiology ; *Arthropods/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Psidium/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; *Ants ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) poses a significant ecological threat, yet its effects on aerially collected arthropods diversity in orchard-based agro-ecosystems remain poorly understood. While previous studies often report declines in native arthropod populations following red imported fire ant (RIFA) invasion, systematic assessments across different orchard habitats are scarce. This study investigated short-term differences in aerial arthropod community composition and diversity between RIFA-invaded and RIFA-excluded guava (Psidium guajava) and cherimoya (Annona cherimola) orchards. Although invaded plots showed slightly higher total abundance and family richness, diversity metrics (eg. Shannon diversity and Pielou's evenness) were marginally higher in exclusion plots; however, none of these differences were statistically significant. Hedges' g effect size estimates also indicated nonsignificant trends toward increased abundance and minor changes in family richness in invaded plots, indicating a limited effect of RIFA on aerial arthropod assemblages. However, correlation analyses revealed that temperature, precipitation, and humidity positively influenced arthropod abundance and family richness-particularly in invaded areas-whereas atmospheric pressure had a suppressive effect. These results indicate that, while RIFA invasion or short-term exclusion did not substantially alter aerial arthropod composition or community structure in orchard-based agro-ecosystems, but the role of climatic variables may shape biodiversity outcomes. Future studies should incorporate longer-term monitoring, multimethod trapping, and explicit partitioning of functional groups to clarify whether the observed subtle trends foreshadow delayed community reorganization or remain ecologically minor.},
}
@article {pmid42279732,
year = {2026},
author = {Falciano, A and D'Ascoli, M and Sorrentino, A and Di Pierro, P},
title = {Enzymatic Valorization of Whole Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Biomass: Optimization of Proteolysis and Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42279732},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {CUP: E68C14000010005//University of Naples Federico II/ ; },
abstract = {The Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is an invasive species widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea, causing significant ecological and economic impacts. Despite its low commercial value and the limited utilization of undersized and non-marketable specimens, whole blue crab biomass represents a promising resource for the production of value-added compounds within a circular bioeconomy framework. In this study, whole blue crab biomass, including undersized individuals and non-marketable fractions, was directly valorized through enzymatic hydrolysis for the production of protein hydrolysates. Three commercial proteases (Alcalase, Neutrase, and Papain) were comparatively evaluated for protein hydrolysate production, and the hydrolysis conditions were assessed based on soluble matter yield. The evaluation of hydrolysis conditions identified pH 8, 50 °C, enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 2500 U g[-1], a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:4, and a reaction time of 8 h as the most effective conditions for protein solubilization. Under these conditions, maximum soluble matter yields of 57.69% for Alcalase, 51.64% for Neutrase, and 48.44% for Papain were obtained. The obtained hydrolysates were subsequently characterized in terms of protein content and degree of hydrolysis (DH), both of which were significantly affected by enzyme type, following the order Alcalase (64.59 ± 0.75%) > Neutrase (62.29 ± 0.82%) > Papain (58.88 ± 0.65%). A similar trend was observed for degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of the products (43.20 ± 1.24%, 40.29 ± 1.05%, 37.26 ± 1.13%) respectively. Techno-functional properties of the hydrolysates were also enzyme-dependent and closely related to the extent of hydrolysis. Alcalase produced hydrolysates with higher DH, favoring the formation of smaller and more hydrophilic peptides, which enhanced water solubility (98.18 ± 0.51%) and antioxidant activity (77.08 ± 1.06%). In contrast, Papain-derived hydrolysates showed lower hydrolysis extent, likely preserving larger peptide structures and hydrophobic domains associated with higher emulsifying activity (16.10 ± 0.46 m[2] g[-1]) and foaming capacity (30.47 ± 1.40%). Neutrase displayed intermediate behavior across most parameters. Overall, the results demonstrate that enzymatic hydrolysis of whole blue crab biomass is an effective valorization strategy, and that enzyme selection plays a key role in modulating hydrolysis efficiency and techno-functional properties. This approach provides a sustainable pathway for the management of invasive species while generating functional ingredients for food and nutraceutical applications.},
}
@article {pmid42280739,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, R and Xiong, H and Liu, Y and Xu, Y and Huang, L and Wen, B and Zhao, W and Zhao, P and Xu, B and Bai, Y and Meng, R},
title = {Plant Functional Traits and Diversity of Community Link to the Plant Invasion Dominance in the Subalpine Wetland of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42280739},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2023YFE0112804//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Plant invasions pose a significant threat to plant community integrity at high latitudes and altitudes, particularly under the backdrop of ongoing climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. However, how plant invasion and increasing invasion intensity reshape community functional traits and multidimensional diversity in high-altitude wetland ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a field survey across 284 quadrats in a subalpine wetland of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China. Nine invasive plant species were detected and occurred in 51.06% of all sampled quadrats. We compared functional trait composition between invaded and uninvaded communities and assessed species, functional, and phylogenetic diversity along invasion intensity gradients through inclusion and exclusion models of invasive species. Invaded communities showed 9.1% higher chlorophyll content and 30.7% larger specific leaf area but 26.1% lower leaf density than uninvaded communities. In addition, community-weighted traits and diversity indices showed stronger responses when invasive species were included. With increasing invasion intensity, species diversity and phylogenetic diversity declined, whereas functional richness increased. These results demonstrate that plant invasion simultaneously drives species loss and functional reorganization, reshaping both the functional composition and biodiversity of subalpine wetland communities. Our findings highlight how invasive species restructure plant communities in subalpine wetlands, with important implications for biodiversity conservation in high-altitude ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid42282938,
year = {2026},
author = {Sigala-Rodríguez, JJ and Carbajal-Márquez, RA and Encarnación-Luévano, A and Lara-Galván, JL and Bañuelos-Alamillo, JA and Centenero-Alcalá, E and Ahumada-Carrillo, IT and Carmona-Torres, FH},
title = {Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Zacatecas, Mexico.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1281},
number = {},
pages = {21-48},
pmid = {42282938},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Zacatecas is in the north-central region of Mexico. Its territorial extension, as well as the unique combination of climatic and physiographic characteristics, favor high biological diversity. However, until now, it has been considered one of the states with lowest herpetofaunal diversity, mainly due to low sampling effort. We provide an updated checklist of the herpetofauna of Zacatecas, including the physiographic provinces and ecoregions where they occur, a summary of their conservation status, and a comparison with neighboring states. Zacatecas has 25 species of native amphibians and 119 native reptiles, with five introduced species (1 frog, 2 lizards, 1 snake and 1 turtle). Of 149 species, four have their type locality in Zacatecas, 16 represent new state records, and 232 records from 79 species are new municipal contributions. More than half of the native herpetofauna (53.5%) of Zacatecas is endemic to Mexico. However, it does not have state endemics, but harbors populations of regional endemics that only inhabit north-central Mexico. Of the native amphibian and reptile species in Zacatecas, 2.8% are listed by IUCN in threatened categories (i.e., Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered), 13.9% are placed in a protected category by SEMARNAT (i.e., Threatened and in Danger of Extinction), and 33.3% are categorized as high vulnerability by the EVS criteria. Among adjacent states with which it shares a border, Zacatecas is the fourth with the largest territorial extension, the fifth in herpetofauna diversity, and the third with the highest number of country endemic species. Large areas of the state remain underexplored, suggesting that the herpetofauna richness of Zacatecas may increase in the future.},
}
@article {pmid42285892,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Liu, M and Li, X and Li, H and Yang, W and Liu, X and Wang, C and Kormas, KA and Li, J and Wang, X and Mai, Y},
title = {Microbial-Associated Food Web Trophic Transfer of Heavy Metals Potentiates Health Risks in a Mining-Impacted Subtropical Yuanjiang-Red River Basin.},
journal = {Environmental science & technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5c16276},
pmid = {42285892},
issn = {1520-5851},
abstract = {To illustrate the potential health risks to humans posed by heavy metals (HMs) through aquatic food webs magnification, a systematical research was performed at the mining-impacted subtropical river basin, Yuanjiang-Red River Basin. The As and Pb concentrations in multiple fish species exceeded national food safety limits. Meanwhile, Hg and Zn exhibited pronounced trophic biomagnification across the aquatic food web, collectively accounting for 32-84% of total dietary relative risk across the examined fishes. Elevated Hg and Zn levels in human hair samples were spatially consistent with their biomagnification profiles along food webs and hazard quotient indicated non-negligible noncarcinogenic risks from Hg exposure for both adults and children, supporting dietary fish consumption could serve as a plausible exposure pathway of these metals. Microbial profiles revealed both taxonomic and inferred functional compositions were significantly correlated with Hg and Zn levels in dietary organisms and variation in microbial community composition was statistically correlated with HM transfer from water into dietary organisms (path coefficient = 0.333, P = 0.049) according to partial least-squares-structural equation modeling. Therefore, microbial-associated trophic transfer of HMs may constitute an under-recognized health risk to humans in river systems affected by mining activities, even when aqueous HMs comply with national standards.},
}
@article {pmid40205751,
year = {2026},
author = {Dho, M and Montagna, M and Liu, C and Magoga, G and Forni, G and Alma, A and Gonella, E},
title = {Multilocus sequence typing of the invasive pest Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and associated endosymbiont reveals unexplored diversity.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {1187-1205},
pmid = {40205751},
issn = {1744-7917},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Heteroptera/genetics/microbiology ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; *Pantoea/genetics ; Introduced Species ; Haplotypes ; Genetic Variation ; Genetic Markers ; },
abstract = {Halyomorpha halys is an invasive pest affecting a wide range of crops in many regions of the world. Rapid and cost-effective methods to reconstruct its invasion routes are crucial for implementing strategies to prevent further spread. The mitochondrial markers COI and COII and the pseudogene ΔybgF of the primary symbiont "Candidatus Pantoea carbekii" have been analyzed to track the spread of H. halys. However, these markers do not provide sufficient resolution to fully elucidate invasion routes. Here, H. halys individuals from native and invasive populations were analyzed to identify new DNA markers and evaluate their effectiveness in a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) framework. Three new nuclear markers for H. halys (Hh_KsPi, Hh_UP1, Hh_D3PDh) and three new markers for P. carbekii (Pc_TamA, Pc_SucA, Pc_SurA) were identified. Hh_D3PDh was the most informative marker for H. halys, describing two more haplotypes than COI. By integrating Hh_D3PDh with mitochondrial markers, 30 distinct haplotypes were identified, with each of the populations studied exhibiting multiple haplotypes. Pc_SucA was the most informative symbiont marker, and when all P. carbekii markers were combined, symbiont diversity was greatly increased. The low network specialization between the novel nuclear markers and both mitochondrial and symbiont markers underlined the higher power of nuclear markers. Interestingly, perfect network specialization between H. halys COI and symbiont markers was found in populations from invaded areas, suggesting that some holobiont variants may contribute to enhanced invasive ability. A MLST workflow is proposed as a new tool for population genetics analysis and reconstruction of H. halys invasion.},
}
@article {pmid40542943,
year = {2025},
author = {Borda, V and Burni, M and Bustos, P and Ortega, MG and Urcelay, C},
title = {Exploring the Interplay between Flavonoid Content and Root Fungal Symbionts in Invasive and Non-invasive Woody Plants.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {51},
number = {4},
pages = {68},
pmid = {40542943},
issn = {1573-1561},
abstract = {Biotic interactions with soil microorganisms appear to play a role in plant invasion process, particularly by establishing stronger mutualisms and avoiding antagonistic interactions, although the evidence remains limited. Even less is known about the mechanisms through which invasive plants enhance mutualisms and deter antagonisms. Most of the evidence is restricted to studies on the flavonoid quercetin in roots of seedlings from a limited number of plant species under greenhouse conditions. Using a phylogenetically balanced design, we studied colonization by AMF (mutualists) and dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) (presumed mutualists), as well as by Olpidiaster sp. (antagonist) in nine pairs of woody plant species under field conditions -invasive alien and non-invasive native-. We also analyzed flavonoid content, the presence of four flavonols, and examined their relationships with fungal colonization. Invasive alien species exhibited higher levels of arbuscule colonization by AMF, although no such pattern was observed for DSE colonization. While the antagonist Olpidiaster sp. showed lower colonization in invasive species, the differences were not significant. Flavonoid content and flavonol richness did not differ between invasive and non-invasive native species. However, we observed a negative correlation between root flavonol richness and AMF colonization, strikingly in invasive woody species but not in non-invasive natives. These novel findings highlight the dynamic nature of flavonoid production in the roots of invasive plants and its interactions with novel soil AMF in foreign ecosystems, shedding light on the potential role of chemical traits in shaping invasive plant biotic interactions.},
}
@article {pmid41762514,
year = {2026},
author = {Sheng, M and Tian, T and Cheng, Z and Zi, S and Li, P and Zhu, W and Li, Y and Guo, H},
title = {Ca-wood vinegar modified biochar from invasive plant Spartina alterniflora: the amelioration effect on coastal "saline-alkali soil-Pennisetum giganteum".},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {402},
number = {},
pages = {129101},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129101},
pmid = {41762514},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Charcoal/chemistry ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Pennisetum ; *Poaceae ; Introduced Species ; *Acetic Acid/chemistry ; Calcium/chemistry ; Salinity ; China ; },
abstract = {Soil salinization and Spartina alterniflora invasion pose pressing environmental challenges in China. While biochar derived from Spartina alterniflora represents a potential solution, its optimal pyrolysis conditions and modification effects remain poorly understood. In this study, biochar produced at 250 °C∼650 °C was obtained. 250 °C was determined the optimal pyrolysis temperature based on the maximum soil quality index (2.08). Calcium-wood vinegar modified biochar (CBC) was subsequently developed and applied to a saline-alkali soil-Pennisetum giganteum (SAS-PG) system. CBC application reduced key salinization parameters (soil pH by 0.93 and exchangeable sodium percentage by 46.05%), while increasing the fertility accumulation index of SAS by 1.88, the net photosynthetic rate, biomass, and relative feed value of PG by 60.77%, 55.42%, and 18.37%, respectively. Potential improvement mechanisms involved H[+] release from acidic functional groups neutralizes alkaline ions (OH[-], Na2CO3, NaHCO3), exchange between Ca[2+] and soil colloidal Na[+], and nutrient supplementation. The significant increases in AN and SOC, along with their strong positive correlations with Ammoniphilus, Altererythrobacter, and invertase activity, confirm their critical role in CBC-enhanced soil fertility. In summary, this work provides practical support for the resource utilization of Spartina alterniflora as calcium-modified acidic biochar in ameliorating the "saline-alkali soil-Pennisetum giganteum" ecosystem in coastal eastern China.},
}
@article {pmid42272501,
year = {2026},
author = {Oduor, AMO and van Kleunen, M and Liu, Y},
title = {Investigating the drivers of negative diversity-invasibility relationship: The role of nutrient availability, allelopathy, soil biota, and soil legacy effects.},
journal = {Fundamental research},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {1566-1577},
pmid = {42272501},
issn = {2667-3258},
abstract = {The successful establishment of invasive plant species depends on their invasiveness traits and the invasibility of the recipient native plant communities. Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis proposes that native plant communities with higher species diversity should be less susceptible to invasion by exotic plant species than those with lower species diversity. However, the exact ecological mechanisms driving this negative diversity-invasibility relationship and their relative importance within a single invaded ecosystem remain unclear. In this study, we tested whether soil nutrient availability, allelopathy, soil biota, and soil legacy effects can all influence the diversity-invasibility relationship within the same ecological system comprising invasive and co-occurring native plant species. We conducted four multi-species greenhouse experiments using 14 invasive and 20 native plant species that co-occur in grasslands in China. The results show that nutrient addition, allelopathy, soil microbiota, and soil legacy effects all independently impacted the biomass of the invasive plant species and native plant communities. However, when considering the role of native plant community diversity in resisting invasion, only allelopathy and soil microbiota emerged as potentially important factors. In the context of our study system, our findings suggest that allelopathic interactions and soil microbial communities play a more significant role than nutrient availability or soil legacy effects in shaping the invasion resistance of diverse native plant communities. These findings highlight the complexity of interactions between native and invasive species and emphasize the importance of considering multiple mechanisms when investigating the factors that contribute to the invasion resistance of diverse native plant communities.},
}
@article {pmid42275408,
year = {2026},
author = {Supple, MR and Lee, J},
title = {Invasive plants reduce functional feeding diversity and trophic interactions of insect herbivores on a remote tropical island.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
pages = {e0349238},
pmid = {42275408},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecta/physiology ; *Herbivory/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Polynesia ; Islands ; Tropical Climate ; Food Chain ; *Plants ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants are a driver of global insect decline, yet their impacts on trophic interactions in insular tropical island ecosystems remain poorly understood. We investigated patterns of insect herbivory in the lowland rainforest of Mo'orea, French Polynesia-a remote tropical island in the South Pacific-on a total of twelve species of native, naturalized (introduced, non-invasive), and invasive host plants common in the forest. Using the functional feeding group-damage type system-a functional approach commonly applied in paleoecological studies that investigates traces of insect and fungal herbivory-we quantified the diversity and abundance of herbivory traces on fresh leaf litter and constructed weighted bipartite networks to assess community structure. Our results show a significantly reduced trophic interaction on invasive plants, which experienced substantially lower functional diversity and intensity of insect herbivory across all functional groups (e.g., stylophytic feeding, galling, margin feeding) compared to native and naturalized ones. Network analysis confirms that invasive plants held peripheral, weakly connected positions, whereas native and naturalized plants had central roles in integrating the trophic interactions. The high connectivity of naturalized plants in the network analysis, as well as comparable herbivory diversity and intensity to native species, suggest their successful assimilation into the local community, implying that susceptibility to herbivory may suppress the population expansion and invasion of some introduced plants. The prevalence of rare and specialized interactions and the power-law distribution of the number of host plants each damage type occurs on, observed in our study, mirrored the global patterns of host plant usage by insect herbivores-dominated by rare and specialized interactions-further suggesting the functional feeding group-damage type system as a robust and efficient tool for comparative insect herbivory investigations.},
}
@article {pmid42276461,
year = {2026},
author = {Micheloud, JF and Aguirre, LS and Sandoval, GV and Duport-Romanazzi, N and Riet-Correa, F},
title = {Acute nitrate/nitrite poisoning in cattle caused by ingestion of Tithonia tubaeformis.},
journal = {Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {109191},
doi = {10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.109191},
pmid = {42276461},
issn = {1879-3150},
abstract = {An outbreak of acute mortality affecting 13% of a herd of 450 beef cattle is described in the province of Salta, Argentina. The incident occurred after the introduction of the herd into a paddock that had previously been used for cattle confinement. Approximately eight hours after being introduced into the paddock, the affected animals developed hyperacute clinical signs, including weakness, ataxia, tachycardia and brown mucous membranes, followed by death within minutes. The autopsy findings included poorly coagulated dark chocolate-brown blood and generalized congestion, consistent with methemoglobinemia. The paddock vegetation was almost entirely composed of Tithonia tubaeformis. Diphenylamine tests on rumen contents, aqueous humour and plant material were positive for nitrates. This is the first report of T. tubaeformis as a cause of nitrate/nitrite poisoning.},
}
@article {pmid42277395,
year = {2026},
author = {Diallo, JO and Olden, JD},
title = {The age of rivalry: Eye lens stable isotopes reveal dynamic resource overlap throughout ontogeny in native and invasive fishes.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {208},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {42277395},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {DGE-2140004//National Science Foundation/ ; DGE-1922004//National Science Foundation/ ; Richard C. and Lois M. Worthington Endowed Professor in Fisheries Management from the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington//Richard C. and Lois M. Worthington Endowed Professor in Fisheries Management from the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lens, Crystalline ; Introduced Species ; *Fishes ; Ecosystem ; Otolithic Membrane ; Arizona ; Carbon Isotopes ; },
abstract = {Competition for shared limiting resources within and between species is a powerful force in biological communities. Modern coexistence theory predicts that higher intra-specific, relative to inter-specific, competition results in species coexistence. However, resource use is rarely constant across animal development, whereby many species experience ontogenetic dietary shifts, suggesting that the relative strengths of competition may change throughout ontogeny. To quantify potential competition between invasive and native stream fishes throughout ontogeny, we measured isotopic niche overlap of individual lifetime trophic trajectories constructed using fish eye lens stable isotope analysis coupled with otolith growth measurements. Overlap of stable isotope ratios between individuals offers a proxy measurement for competition in resource space. We found that invasive green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) exhibited higher intra-specific isotopic niche overlap across ontogeny than inter-specific overlap with three native fish species (Gila robusta, Catostomus insignis, Catostomus clarkii) in Burro Creek, Arizona. These native fish species exhibited the highest isotopic niche overlap with green sunfish; a known superior competitor due to their generalist feeding habits and high rates of resource exploitation. The degree of resource overlap experienced by native species increased throughout ontogeny, while invasive green sunfish were freed from high interspecific resource overlap at older ages. Our results suggest that the native species are vulnerable to competitive exclusion by green sunfish. As invasive species continue to spread, contemporary ecological communities are increasingly being managed for coexistence, rather than invader eradication. Understanding how relative competition transforms throughout ontogeny supports the persistence of native species within mixed native-nonnative communities.},
}
@article {pmid42278025,
year = {2026},
author = {Ralinala, KM and Netshirovha, TR and Nesengani, TL and Mapholi, NO and Chimonyo, M},
title = {A Review on the Potential of Water Hyacinth to Enhance Ruminant Performance.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42278025},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {The utilization of unconventional feed resources offers a sustainable strategy to mitigate feed shortages particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where access to conventional feeds is often limited. Among these, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the world's most aggressive aquatic weeds, which has drawn attention due to its dual role as a problematic invasive species and a potential livestock feed. This plant reduces water quality, contributes to biodiversity loss and causes economic damage in farming systems. At the same time, its high capacity for nutrient absorption makes it a viable source of protein and energy for ruminants when properly harvested and processed into forms such as hay, dried leaves, and silage. However, its utilization requires caution, as the plant can accumulate toxins and heavy metals from polluted water, which may harm animal health if unprocessed. This review focuses on the potential of water hyacinth to improve ruminant growth performance, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation. Including water hyacinth in ruminant diet safely can possibly improve animal productivity, contribute to sustainable weed management and also provide a practical strategy to alleviate feed shortage in dry seasons, thereby encouraging resilience and sustainable ruminant production.},
}
@article {pmid41998019,
year = {2026},
author = {Hyun, S and Kim, KS and Beresford, RM},
title = {Calibration of a climate suitability model using a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE): a global case study of orange production.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41998019},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RS-2022-KE002294//Korea Ministry of Environment/ ; RS-2025-02223519//Rural Development Administration/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Parameter calibration of climate suitability models is often hindered by the lack of absence data for plant species, limiting their effectiveness for global scale applications. Here we propose a novel calibration approach based on the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) framework that eliminates the needs for background samples. This method defines the likelihood statistics under the assumption that the distribution of the climate suitability index at the occurrence sites differs from that across all locations within a given region. To prioritize presence data, a weighted likelihood function was incorporated into the GLUE procedure. We demonstrated the utility of this approach through a case study on orange (Citrus sinensis), a crop whose climate suitability has rarely been evaluated at a global scale. Model performance improved when the parameter search spaces were defined with minimal ecological constraints, which resulted in a clear separation between producing and non-producing countries. These findings suggest that the proposed approach offers a robust and scalable alternative for climate suitability modeling in data-sparse contexts. This framework is broadly applicable to both cultivated and invasive species, enabling reliable projection of the potential distribution to inform land-use planning and climate adaptation strategies.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-44664-5.},
}
@article {pmid42264490,
year = {2026},
author = {Salgado Bonnet, J and Jaramillo-Monroy, C and Vélez, MI and Kang, YX and Shurin, J and González-Arango, C},
title = {Hydrological modification drives century-scale eutrophication and invasion increasing invertebrate assemblage heterogeneity in Lake Fúquene, Colombia.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2072},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.3254},
pmid = {42264490},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//ANLA/ ; //Universidad de los Andes/ ; //MINCIENCIAS/ ; //Universidad Catolica de Colombia/ ; //European Partnership Water4All call N. 026/2023 WATER4ALL 2023/ ; //Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lakes/chemistry ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; *Eutrophication ; Colombia ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Hydrology ; },
abstract = {Hydrological alteration, eutrophication and macrophyte invasion generate novel ecological states and biotic homogenization in shallow lakes. As these stressors increasingly co-occur and unfold over decades to centuries, disentangling their combined effects on invertebrate assemblages remains however challenging. To assess their long-term (decades-centuries) interactions on driving aquatic invertebrates, we analysed three [210]Pb-dated sediment cores spanning contrasting dominance of the invasives Egeria densa (submerged), Pontederia crassipes (floating) and Azolla filiculoides (floating) in Fúquene, a largely drained, eutrophic Andean shallow lake (Colombia). Eighteen invertebrate taxa were recorded with multivariate analyses explaining 51% of assemblage variation and identified a pre-1800 mesotrophic phase; a drainage phase (ca 1800-late 1980s) marked by shifts towards eutrophic taxa; and a post-perimeter canal phase (post-1990) characterized by invasive expansion and distinct macrophyte-associated invertebrate assemblages. Despite restructuring, invertebrate assemblages did not homogenize but became more heterogeneous among cores post-1990. Variation partitioning revealed strong coupled hydro-chemical-macrophyte effects at the assemblage and taxon level explaining 13-56% of the variation, with invasive growth forms uniquely accounting for 5-40%. E. densa stands supported aquatic insects, whereas floating species favoured Oribatidae, bryozoans and semi-terrestrial chironomids. Invasion-eutrophication-driven homogenization is therefore not inevitable but contingent on hydrology, environmental variation and growth-form diversity.},
}
@article {pmid42270012,
year = {2026},
author = {Logo, G and Sandfoss, M and Claunch, N and Currylow, A and Bartoszek, I and Easterling, I and Yackel Adams, AA and Romagosa, C},
title = {Characterizing the annual cycle of steroid hormones in males from an invasive vertebrate (Python bivittatus) of management concern.},
journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {114959},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2026.114959},
pmid = {42270012},
issn = {1095-6840},
abstract = {South Florida's subtropical climate has facilitated the establishment of numerous invasive species, including the Burmese python (Python bivittatus). Despite decades of efforts to manage the invasive python population across South Florida, we lack a comprehensive understanding of their reproductive physiology, limiting the development of targeted control strategies. Here, we characterized seasonal patterns of testosterone (T) and corticosterone (CORT) in free-ranging adult male pythons and evaluated environmental correlates of hormone variation. Results indicate that T peaks before the onset of the breeding season and declines through the season to baseline levels in the non-breeding season. CORT did not show a clear seasonal trend but showed greater variability during the breeding season. These findings reveal that photoperiod and ambient temperature are key environmental correlates of male hormone cycles, contributing to our understanding of the endocrine phenology of a tropical ectotherm in a novel environment.},
}
@article {pmid41774732,
year = {2026},
author = {Dard, C and Harrois, D and Epelboin, L and Pierre-Demar, M and Vireeye, N and Gamiette, G and Delannoye, R and Aubert, L and Guyomard-Rabenirina, S and Ferdinand, S and Talarmin, A and Desbois-Nogard, N},
title = {Occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in invasive snails in the French territories of America, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {e0014024},
pmid = {41774732},
issn = {1935-2735},
mesh = {Animals ; *Angiostrongylus cantonensis/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Guadeloupe/epidemiology ; *Snails/parasitology ; French Guiana/epidemiology ; Martinique/epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; *Strongylida Infections/epidemiology/transmission/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the primary etiological agent of eosinophilic meningitis, transmitted through rats (definitive hosts) and molluscs (potential intermediate hosts). Human infection occurs accidentally through the ingestion of contaminated hosts. First reported in the French West Indies in 2002, cases of A. cantonensis infections are emerging due to the spread of its hosts, particularly the invasive African giant snail (Lissachatina fulica). This study aims to assess the prevalence of A. cantonensis in gastropods across Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guiana, providing insights into its transmission dynamics.<br><br>Terrestrial gastropods were collected in 2017 from residential areas with prior human cases and other selected sites with no reported case. The gastropods' species were identified by a malacologist and processed for DNA extraction. Molecular diagnosis of A. cantonensis was performed using quantitative PCR. Prevalence rates were analyzed by Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, while correlations between weight and level of A. cantonensis DNA detected were assessed via Spearman's rank correlation. A total of 430 gastropods, representing nine species, were collected: 103 from Guadeloupe, 161 from Martinique, and 166 from French Guiana. The highest prevalence of A. cantonensis was observed in Guadeloupe (38.8%), followed by Martinique (27.6%) and French Guiana (15.7%). Sampling in Martinique included a wider diversity of gastropod species, whereas collections in French Guiana and Guadeloupe were limited to Lissachatina spp. In Martinique, eight species were identified, five of which were infected. The prevalence was positively correlated with weight in the primary intermediate host, L. fulica. Interestingly, Lissachatina immaculata in French Guiana was confirmed as a potential intermediate host for the first time.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The study highlights L. fulica as the predominant host in Guadeloupe and Martinique, while L. immaculata plays a significant role in French Guiana. Gastropod diversity and prevalence varied across territories, influenced by collection methods and ecological factors. Despite high infection rates in gastropods, human cases remain relatively rare, likely due to limited human-gastropod interaction and local culinary practices. These findings underscore the need for further investigation into transmission dynamics and phylogenetic studies to inform public health strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41791741,
year = {2026},
author = {Pochtar, D and Ruiz, G and Tepolt, C and Blakeslee, AMH and Torchin, M and Noble, M and Fowler, A},
title = {Long-term field survey reveals salinity as key determinant of estuarine host infection by a non-native castrating parasite.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1945},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2025.0129},
pmid = {41791741},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {Animals ; *Salinity ; Estuaries ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Brachyura/parasitology/physiology ; Maryland ; Temperature ; Female ; Introduced Species ; *Copepoda/physiology ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {Long-term ecological studies are essential for understanding community structure and change. In estuaries, dynamic environmental gradients drive spatiotemporal shifts in populations through complex abiotic and biotic interactions. Biological invasions add novel relationships, including those between hosts and parasites. Estuarine environments often provide low-salinity refugia that reduce parasite pressure, slowing host resistance evolution by maintaining a reservoir of susceptible individuals. When naive hosts emerge from these refugia, they may support host recovery and supply new targets for parasites, diluting resistance in the population. Using a 12-year field survey across a salinity gradient in Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA, we examined how environmental conditions (salinity, temperature) and host demographics (% gravid females, total abundance and size) correlate with infection prevalence of the introduced castrating parasite Loxothylacus panopaei in native, white-fingered mud crabs (Rhithropanopeus harrisii). Infection prevalence varied from 0 to 75.9% (n = 102 632) and peaked with elevated salinity, temperature and host reproduction. Larger crabs (>9 mm carapace width) showed higher infection rates, especially under high salinity and temperature. Salinity was the most consistent predictor of infection, with low salinity (<10 ppt) providing refuge. These findings show how fluctuating environmental conditions structure parasite prevalence across scales, with implications for host population dynamics under climate change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Managing infectious marine diseases in wild populations'.},
}
@article {pmid42127896,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, Y and Qiao, Y and Liu, J and Edwards, DP},
title = {Global patterns and drivers of tree introductions.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {36},
number = {11},
pages = {2721-2730.e6},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2026.04.044},
pmid = {42127896},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Trees/physiology ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Biodiversity ; *Endangered Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Climate ; },
abstract = {Trees, including globally threatened species, are introduced outside their native ranges, where they can pose conservation risks or benefits. A key question is understanding the global extent and drivers of non-native tree introductions. Using over 31 million occurrence records of 50,470 tree species, we find that 26,096 (51.7%) were introduced as non-natives, and 167 (63.7% of the global total) families harbor threatened non-native species. The introductions of all species and threatened ones are phylogenetically conserved. South America, North America, and temperate Asia had the highest richness of non-natives, while Europe had the highest percentage (88.4%) of non-natives, with intracontinental flows dominating introductions. Taller species, those with lower leaf phosphorus and higher specific leaf area, are more frequently introduced, with increasing non-native richness associated with warmer, wetter climates and higher social development, a pattern that differs from that found for native species. The prevalence of early successional and competitive traits underscores the potential risk of future invasion, urging policies that prioritize native biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid42258059,
year = {2026},
author = {Borbhuyan, S and Adhikari, D and Das, T},
title = {Water-quality gradients shape functional-trait variation and dominance of invasive macrophyte Pontederia crassipes in tropical wetlands.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10661-026-15546-0},
pmid = {42258059},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Introduced Species ; *Water Quality ; India ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Tropical Climate ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Environmental gradients mediate the invasion success of aquatic macrophytes and determine strategies of functional-trait expression and allocation. We sampled 15 wetlands across five climatic zones in Assam, northeast India. We tested how water-quality heterogeneity affects trait variation and dominance of Pontederia crassipes. We measured key physicochemical parameters of water and assessed the morphological functional traits of P. crassipes. Climatic zones differed significantly in water environmental conditions, including dissolved oxygen, ionic composition, total alkalinity, and nutrient availability, with consistent spatial patterns within zones. P. crassipes also showed significant functional trait variation across zones, suggesting context-dependent allocation and water-relations strategies. Group-wise PCA revealed distinct multivariate structuring of both water chemistry and plant traits across zones, suggesting that a limited number of trait syndromes underlie performance in heterogeneous habitats. Random Forest models identified non-linear, trait-specific environmental drivers, with variables related to nutrients, ionic composition, depth, and temperature emerging as key predictors depending on the trait. Trait-importance ranking further highlighted allocation ratios and water-relation traits as disproportionately influential compared to absolute biomass traits. Overall, these findings demonstrate that dominance of P. crassipes is associated with environmentally mediated shifts in coordinated trait syndromes rather than a single uniform growth strategy. Trait-based indicators linked to water chemistry can therefore support targeted, zone-specific management of invaded wetlands under increasing nutrient loading and hydroclimatic variability.},
}
@article {pmid42265186,
year = {2026},
author = {Jan, S and Rahim Pp, A and Bhat, MA and Rahman, S and Wani, ZA and Jan, AT and Rawat, YS},
title = {Assessing future invasion risk by Solanum viarum Dunal in Northwestern Himalaya to inform early detection and management.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-55713-4},
pmid = {42265186},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Understanding the potential distribution patterns of invasive species under changing climatic conditions is important for biodiversity conservation and ecological risk assessment. The present study aims to predict the current and future distribution of Solanum viarum Dunal in Jammu and Kashmir, India, using species distribution modelling approach. The MaxEnt model demonstrated excellent performance, with an Area under Curve (AUC), True Skill Statistics (TSS) and Boyce Index values of 0.96, 0.77 and 0.84, respectively, indicating high predictive accuracy. Mean annual air temperature (Bio1) emerged as the most influential variable, contributing 55% to the predicted distribution of S. viarum. Under current climatic conditions, 12.38% and 1.39% of the area fall under medium and high suitability classes, respectively, across the Jammu region, whereas most of the Kashmir Valley falls within low suitability zones. Future climate projections indicate a notable increase in the potential distribution of S. viarum with a varied extent of suitable habitat under different future climatic scenarios. Under the SSP245 scenario, the species is projected to experience a range change of 29.03% by 2050, increasing to 160.84% by 2070. Under the SSP585 scenario, the suitable area is predicted to undergo range expansion of 131.89% and 58.99% by 2050 and 2070, respectively. Furthermore, expansion of medium and high suitability areas within protected areas is projected under both climatic scenarios, with a more pronounced increase under SSP245 by 2070 (~ 169%). The projected expansion of S. viarum highlights the need for proactive management planning. Integrating model outputs with local ecological knowledge, land-use information, and systematic monitoring is likely to enhance the effectiveness of management interventions. The findings of the study provide a strong scientific basis for developing early detection and rapid response strategies to limit the further spread of S. viarum and maintain conservation priorities.},
}
@article {pmid42267642,
year = {2026},
author = {Pons-Raga, F and Alonso González, P},
title = {The Nine Lives of Trap-Neuter-Return in the Canary Islands.},
journal = {Social studies of science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {3063127261449128},
doi = {10.1177/03063127261449128},
pmid = {42267642},
issn = {1460-3659},
abstract = {Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) is widely promoted as a humane technique for managing free-roaming cats. Yet its legitimacy remains fiercely disputed. Drawing on four months of participant observation and two years of follow-up fieldwork in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain), this article re-situates TNR as an assemblage whose coherence is always provisional. We use Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to trace the translations that align heterogeneous actors, while foregrounding the relational, ethical, and affective dimensions of human-cat interactions that sustain (or undo) that alignment. Empirically, we examine how legal statutes, technical guidelines, traps, smartphone chats, ear-tipping, municipal ordinances, veterinary scalpels, feeding routines, and cats themselves operate as co-constitutive actors. Spain's 2023 Animal Welfare Law tried to fix TNR as national policy, but in Tenerife's biodiversity hotspot the statute collides with invasion biology data and local politics. Five sites reveal Callon's translation in action: legal paperwork, licensing cards that recast feeders as 'colony managers', chat-based surgery logistics, the operating room where policy meets flesh, and a fishing village stalled by a trap-savvy queen. Rather than assessing TNR's effectiveness in reducing cat populations, we highlight its emerging networks of heterogeneous more-than-human actors and the everyday, situated labor required to hold it together. In doing so, the article shifts STS debates toward the everyday practices that enact and maintain assemblages.},
}
@article {pmid42267715,
year = {2026},
author = {Perez-Riverol, A and Romani Fernandes, LG and Dos Santos-Pinto, JRA and Musacchio Lasa, A and Dorn, B and Biló, MB and Jakob, T and Zollner, RL and Palma, MS},
title = {Predicting cross reactivity between the fire ant venom allergen Sol i 3 and the antigen 5 from vespid venoms based on molecular modeling computing.},
journal = {Journal of immunotoxicology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {2661829},
doi = {10.1080/1547691X.2026.2661829},
pmid = {42267715},
issn = {1547-6901},
mesh = {Animals ; Cross Reactions ; Humans ; *Fire Ants/immunology ; *Venom Hypersensitivity/immunology ; *Wasp Venoms/immunology ; *Allergens/immunology ; *Ant Venoms/immunology ; Immunoglobulin E/immunology ; Models, Molecular ; Wasps/immunology ; *Insect Proteins/immunology ; Epitope Mapping ; *Insect Bites and Stings/immunology ; Ants/immunology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Female ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; },
abstract = {The fire ant Solenopsis invicta is an aggressive invasive species whose venom frequently triggers hypersensitivity reactions, including severe anaphylaxis. In endemic regions, its stings represent a significant cause of Hymenoptera-related allergy. Four venom allergens have been identified - phospholipase A1 (Sol i 1), antigen 2 (Sol i 2), antigen 3 (Sol i 3), and antigen 4 (Sol i 4) - with Sol i 3 recognized as the predominant sensitizer. However, the molecular determinants that drive Sol i 3 allergenicity and its potential cross-reactivity with other Hymenoptera venoms remain insufficiently understood. This study identified the linear immunoglobulin E (IgE) epitopes of Sol i 3 and examined their recognition by sera from yellow jacket venom (YJV) - and Polistes wasp-allergic patients. Two linear epitopes were mapped: Sol i 3_e1 (ELRQRVASGKEMRG) and Sol i 3_e2 (WAKTTKIGCGRIMF). Although Sol i 3 exhibits limited sequence and structural similarity to other antigen 5 proteins, it contains a conserved immunoreactive core (WAKTTK), analogous to the WAKTKE motif described for the allergen Poly p 5 from Polybia paulista. This conserved region may represent a shared epitope contributing to cross-reactivity among Hymenoptera venoms. Consistently, sera from P. dominula-sensitized patients and YJV-sensitized patients recognized Sol i 3_e2. These findings define key B-cell epitopes of Sol i 3 and reveal a conserved motif that may underlie cross-reactivity, offering implications for improved diagnosis and immunotherapy.},
}
@article {pmid42268899,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, WG and Xu, M and Fan, SY and Bennett, JA and Cuthbert, RN and Dick, JTA and Pärtel, M and Li, SP},
title = {Dark diversity framework reconciles Darwin's naturalization conundrum for freshwater fish invasions.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {24},
pages = {e2604929123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2604929123},
pmid = {42268899},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {32571947//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 32222051//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 31971553//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 2023YFC2604500//MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China (NKPs)/ ; PRG3127//Estonian Research Council/ ; TK200//Ministry of Education and Research of Estonia/ ; },
abstract = {The spread of invasive species poses a major threat to global biodiversity, yet predicting successful establishment of exotic species in novel environments remains challenging. Darwin's naturalization conundrum is a longstanding debate over whether exotic species closely or distantly related to native communities are more likely to succeed. Despite its long history, empirical studies continue to yield conflicting evidence. Here, we introduce the dark diversity concept, which refers to species that could theoretically inhabit a site but are currently absent. Combined with observed diversity, dark diversity integrates information on the potential diversity (site-specific species pool size) of the resident community and how completely that pool is locally present (community completeness). Analyzing a 340-y record of successful and failed fish introductions across 516 Swedish lakes, we showed that the effect of phylogenetic relatedness on invasion outcome depends on dark diversity context. Exotics closely related to resident species were more likely to establish in communities with smaller species pools and higher completeness, whereas phylogenetically distant exotic species were more successful in communities with larger species pools and lower completeness. Models with observed species richness obtained considerably less support. Thus, integrating the dark diversity framework clarifies the contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness on invasion outcomes, and helps reconcile this 160-y-old conundrum.},
}
@article {pmid41735197,
year = {2026},
author = {Cai, W and Zhang, X and Ma, J and Liu, Z and Dietrich, CH and Yuan, X},
title = {Chromosome-level genome assembly of the invasive pest Stictocephala bisonia: insights into genes for environmental stress adaptation.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {7},
pages = {6095-6108},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70693},
pmid = {41735197},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/genetics/physiology ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; *Genome, Insect ; *Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Introduced Species ; *Chromosomes, Insect/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Stictocephala bisonia (Hemiptera, Membracidae), a North American invasive pest, has now spread across the northern hemisphere and was first reported in China in 2017. As a polyphagous invasive pest, its continued spread and related damage have become a growing concern in several countries in the northern hemisphere RESULTS: To investigate how it adapts to new invasion areas, we assembled a high-quality, chromosome-level genome of Sti. bisonia. The genome is ~1.8 Gb in size and comprises 11 chromosomes, among which chromosome 9 is identified as the sex chromosome. BUSCO analysis indicated that the genome has a high quality with a completeness of 96.8%. The genome contains 60.5% repetitive sequences, has a GC content of 33.99%, and contains 24 372 predicted protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed significant gene family expansions in Sti. bisonia genome, including the detoxification-related P450 and ABC gene families, the chemosensory-related CSP gene family, and the immune-related PGRP gene family. Among positively selected and rapidly evolving genes, several candidates associated with adaptation were identified. Such as the Creb gene (related to detoxification); Pnlip, Y-box, and Hs3st genes (related to cold resistance); and Relish and MKK genes (related to immunity). Notably, Creb, Pnlip, and Hs3st genes are all positively selected and rapidly evolving genes, indicating their potentially important roles in the Sti. bisonia genome.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study has revealed molecular evidence associated with detoxification metabolism and cold resistance from the Sti. bisonia genome. These findings lay a foundation for understanding the adaptive evolutionary patterns of Sti. bisonia and provide a theoretical basis for pest management. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42257342,
year = {2026},
author = {Laverdeur, J and Garigliany, MM and Lecoq, L and Linden, A and Desmecht, D},
title = {[Expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito and associated arboviral diseases in Europe: effects of climate change and surveillance].},
journal = {Revue medicale de Liege},
volume = {81},
number = {5-6},
pages = {266-272},
pmid = {42257342},
issn = {0370-629X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; *Aedes ; *Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission ; Europe/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors ; Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology/transmission ; Population Surveillance ; },
abstract = {The summer of 2025 and its historic chikungunya outbreak marked a turning point in the way we approach mosquito-borne viral diseases in Europe, and in particular those which depends on Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, for their transmission. These arboviral infections show a pronounced dependence on global change, owing to complex interactions between very different organisms. Mosquitoes, in particular, are highly sensitive to the effects of climate change. In this context, Aedes albopictus, an invasive species showing substantial adaptability and robustness, continues to expand across Europe, notably in Northern Europe. This mosquito is a key vector, in particular for dengue and chikungunya, whose clinical presentation is often non-specific, complicating diagnosis and the early detection of clusters. Faced with these complex characteristics, the challenge is to organize integrated surveillance that combines entomological monitoring, human surveillance, and adaptation to a situation that is, by its very nature, evolving. In Belgium, entomological surveillance (MEMO+) and mandatory case notification-structured differently across the country's entities-constitute essential yet still improvable pillars of this surveillance.},
}
@article {pmid42263637,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Zhu, F and Liu, M and Li, H and Li, Y and Li, H and Hu, C and Wang, C and Li, J and Mai, Y},
title = {Development of a river habitat quality index (RHQI) framework for dry-hot valleys: Unraveling driving mechanisms and management implications.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {411},
number = {},
pages = {130158},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130158},
pmid = {42263637},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Establishing a comprehensive habitat quality assessment suitable for the dry-hot valley and elucidating its key driving mechanisms are essential for maintaining habitat quality and promoting the conservation of fishery resources within this specialized environment. From June 2023 to September 2024, field investigations were conducted at thirteen sampling sites within the Yuanjiang River, a representative dry-hot valley system in southeastern China. Subsequently, the River Habitat Quality Index (RHQI) assessment system was developed, incorporating twenty-one indicators related to the water environment, river structure, biological factors, and anthropogenic influences. The habitat quality assessment identified six sampling sites of excellent quality and nine of good quality, primarily located in the midstream and downstream areas (e.g., HH, YuY, LHT, and HK). Conversely, 53.85% of the sites upstream were classified as having fair habitat quality, indicating an improvement in habitat conditions downstream. Random forest (RF) analysis and stepwise regression demonstrated that various factors-including water quality, biotic index (BI), biological monitoring working party index (BMWP), water quantity, river sinuosity, sediment type, riverbank vegetation coverage, and surrounding land use-significantly affected variations in fish diversity, biotic integrity, and habitat quality. Furthermore, the partial least squares-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) demonstrated that anthropogenic activities indirectly influence habitat quality by altering water environments and river structures, with biological indicators serving as the primary direct mediators. This mechanistic understanding provides a precise entry point for ecological management in dry-hot-region valleys. This investigation also provides a foundation for informed decision-making concerning the conservation of fishery resources and the evaluation of habitat quality in the Yuanjiang River Basin.},
}
@article {pmid42264482,
year = {2026},
author = {Adrien, E and Ah-Peng, C and Flores, OG and Grondin, RP and Fortunel, C and Maréchaux, I and Strasberg, D and Pouteau, R},
title = {Extinction risk and invasion success are associated with different functional traits in a tropical island flora.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2026.0015},
pmid = {42264482},
issn = {1744-957X},
support = {//French National Research Agency (ANR)/ ; //French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD)/ ; },
abstract = {Islands host a disproportionately high richness of threatened native and invasive alien species. Despite intense research efforts, mechanisms underpinning extinction risk or invasion success are still not fully understood, which hinders the development of effective conservation strategies. The two-sides-of-the-same-coin (2sotsc) hypothesis, which states that traits involved in extinction risk and invasion success are identical, but with opposite values, remains largely untested at local scales where management occurs. Using five functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, maximum height, seed mass and dispersal syndrome) for 187 plant species from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), we compared (i) threatened and non-threatened native woody species and (ii) invasive and non-invasive alien species. Seed mass was greater in threatened than in non-threatened woody natives. We found no trait difference among woody aliens, while specific leaf area was lower in invasive than in non-invasive aliens (woody and non-woody). Since different traits capture species differences in terms of extinction risk and invasion success, the underlying mechanisms are likely to differ. The species-centred perspective of the 2sotsc hypothesis appears too simplistic, which calls for better integrating community- and ecosystem-level impacts to resolve the complexity of extinction and invasion dynamics on islands and support informed conservation decision-making.},
}
@article {pmid42264736,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, L and Liu, D and Liu, S and Xu, K and Zhang, Z and Smagghe, G and Yang, W},
title = {Fusion dsRNAs delivered by plants for multiplex gene silencing and sustainable, predator-safe management of Tuta absoluta.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {221},
number = {},
pages = {107133},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.107133},
pmid = {42264736},
issn = {1095-9939},
abstract = {Tuta absoluta is a highly invasive lepidopteran pest that threatens global tomato production, with widespread reliance on chemical insecticides leading to resistance and disruption of natural enemies. To develop a sustainable and species-specific control strategy, we designed three fusion dsRNAs targeting multiple essential genes involved in nerve function, metabolism, and development of T. absoluta. Target sequences were optimized using a bioinformatics pipeline to maximize on-target silencing while minimizing off-target effects on the beneficial predator Nesidiocoris tenuis. The dsRNAs were delivered through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in tomato seedlings, and their efficacy and ecological safety were systematically assessed. VIGS-mediated expression of fusion dsRNAs resulted in robust and sustained suppression of target genes, leading to high larval mortality, impaired pupation, and severe developmental defects, including body contraction and reduced pupal size. Compared with single-gene RNAi, multiplex targeting significantly enhanced RNAi efficiency and phenotypic severity. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed on N. tenuis survival, development, or gene expression. This study demonstrates that fusion dsRNA constructs provide a potent, specific, and ecologically safe RNAi-based approach for controlling T. absoluta, offering a promising component for integration into sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) programs.},
}
@article {pmid42264741,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, B and He, L and Zhou, Y and He, X and Zhang, G and Haddi, K and Riudavets, J and Arnó, J and Zhang, G and Huang, C and Zhang, Y and Wan, F},
title = {Expression and ligand-binding characterization of two chemosensory proteins (TabsCSP8 and TabsCSP19) in Tuta absoluta.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {221},
number = {},
pages = {107138},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.107138},
pmid = {42264741},
issn = {1095-9939},
abstract = {Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are small soluble proteins in insects that facilitate the recognition of exogenous ligands, playing crucial roles in olfaction and potentially in detoxification processes. Tuta absoluta is a globally significant pest; however, its CSP gene family remains inadequately characterized. In this study, we identified 23 full-length CSP genes (TabsCSP1-TabsCSP23) through genome-wide analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TabsCSPs are distributed among different lepidopteran clades, supporting the evolutionary conservation of the CSP family and suggesting possible lineage-specific divergence within T. absoluta. Expression profiling revealed that TabsCSP8 was significantly upregulated following spinosad exposure, whereas TabsCSP19 was significantly upregulated following Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) exposure. Developmental expression profiling revealed that TabsCSP8 was highly expressed in adults and 1st instar larvae, while TabsCSP19 showed high expression in adults. Tissue expression profiling further indicated that both TabsCSP8 and TabsCSP19 were predominantly expressed in larval heads and epidermis. Fluorescence competitive binding assays revealed that TabsCSP8 exhibited strong binding affinities to chlorpyrifos (CPF) and moderate binding affinities to the main sex pheromone component (3E,8Z,11Z)-tetradecatrien-1-yl acetate (TDTA), but no detectable binding to the other tested ligands. TabsCSP19 showed no detectable binding to any of the tested ligands. Docking analysis showed that TabsCSP8 interacted with CPF and TDTA mainly through conventional hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, our findings reveal that CSPs in T. absoluta are involved not only in chemoreception but also in insecticide response, underscoring their dual functional roles in environmental adaptation. This study provides valuable molecular insights that could inform the development of novel CSP-based strategies for eco-friendly pest management.},
}
@article {pmid42021342,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, C and Ord, J and Yan, M and Cai, Y and Shao, H and Lin, L and Salojärvi, J and Liu, L and Guo, W},
title = {Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in Phragmites australis reveal the association of B chromosomes with plant invasiveness.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42021342},
issn = {1474-760X},
support = {ZR2021QC119//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; ZR2024QC197//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; CAFYBB2023ZA004//Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Forestry/ ; 346139//Research Council of Finland/ ; 32470388//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U22A20558//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Poaceae/genetics ; Spatial Transcriptomics ; *Introduced Species ; *Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis ; Single-Cell Analysis ; *Transcriptome ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive plants pose a major threat to global biodiversity, yet the molecular and genomic mechanisms underlying their success remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the invasion of the common reed Phragmites australis, a grass species that became invasive in North America after its introduction from Europe, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying its invasion process.<br><br>RESULTS: By integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and comparative genomics, we construct a single-cell atlas of Phragmites australis, and identify 19 transcriptionally distinct cell types, including meristematic&#xa0;cells, parenchyma, mesophyll, epidermal, and vascular tissues. Comparative analysis of common garden-grown native&#xa0;populations from Europe and invasive populations from North America&#xa0;reveals a significant proportion of differentially expressed genes located on B chromosomes, which show copy number expansion in invasive genomes. Four B-chromosome genes, PaChr24B.43 (IMP-&#x3b1;3), PaChr24B.82 (GATA2), PaChr24B.218 (SCC3), and PaChr24B.240 (SCC3), are consistently differentially expressed between invasive and noninvasive populations across nearly all cell types. At the tissue level, mesophyll, parenchyma, vascular, and epidermal cells in the invasive population all&#xa0;exhibit increased gene expression in response to sugar starvation and light deprivation. Epidermal cells also show strong activated gene expression in response to hypoxia but suppressed expression of genes involved in the&#xa0;defence&#xa0;related respiratory burst.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes a cell type-resolved molecular atlas of a nonmodel invasive plant and reveals cell type-specific gene regulatory mechanisms within the regenerative shoot system. These findings advance our understanding of the cellular and genomic basis of plant invasiveness and provide a foundation for future ecological research and management.},
}
@article {pmid42240203,
year = {2026},
author = {Lepekha, A and Yuryshynets, V and Bartáková, V and Ondračková, M and Kvach, Y},
title = {Sessile Zoothamnium sp. ciliates colonise the invasive Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense in a brackish estuary in Ukraine.},
journal = {Diseases of aquatic organisms},
volume = {166},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.3354/dao03919},
pmid = {42240203},
issn = {0177-5103},
mesh = {Animals ; Ukraine ; *Palaemonidae/parasitology ; Female ; Introduced Species ; *Estuaries ; *Ciliophora/physiology ; Rivers ; Male ; },
abstract = {Sessilid ciliates are common epibionts of aquatic crustaceans, where mass colonisation of economically important prawns may lead to adverse effects on host health and ecosystem dynamics. The Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, which is native to Asia, has recently expanded into European freshwater and brackish systems. As a host species, it may act as a vector for sessilid ciliates into new habitats, posing risks to native biota and aquaculture. We examined M. nipponense populations in brackish water bodies of southwestern Ukraine to assess the prevalence and localization of sessilid ciliates. Live and preserved specimens were microscopically examined. Morphological analysis focused on the distribution and abundance of Zoothamnium colonies on various body parts. Molecular material was also preserved for future species identification. Over 80% of prawns were found to carry large colonies of Zoothamnium sp., with high infestation intensity particularly on pereiopods and uropods. Ciliate aggregations often appeared near articulation points, which may obstruct mobility or respiration. Infestation patterns were consistent across sexes, though some correlations were noted between parasite load and reproductive condition in females. These results suggest that sessilid ciliates may exhibit parasitic characteristics under favourable conditions, undermining host performance. The expansion of M. nipponense may facilitate the introduction and establishment of such organisms across Europe. This study highlights the ecological implications of overlooked epibionts and stresses the importance of monitoring invasive host-epibiont complexes in aquatic environments.},
}
@article {pmid42253481,
year = {2026},
author = {Lukacs, M and Garseth, &#xc5;H and Karlsson, S and Kausrud, K and Benedicenti, O and Sundaram, AYM and Austbø, L and Bøe, CA and Lo, H and Grimholt, U},
title = {Farmed Escapees Threaten MHC Diversity in Wild Atlantic Salmon.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {e70278},
pmid = {42253481},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Wild Atlantic salmon populations in Norway and elsewhere are experiencing long-term declines driven by reduced marine survival, climate change, impacts from aquaculture, introduction of alien species, and environmental degradation. Understanding how immune diversity is affected by these declines, and thus the ability of Atlantic salmon to combat current and future invading pathogens, is essential for the success of conservation programs such as gene banks. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, some of the most polymorphic genes known to date, are essential in the host immune defense against invading pathogens. Here we investigate MHC class I and class II diversity in escaped farmed salmon and in eight wild Atlantic salmon populations defined as being at risk. The study demonstrates that rare alleles can be found in single closely related wild populations within a fjord, and collectively, the populations hold a large immune diversity. Moreover, our study found that a broad spatial and temporal collection of escaped farmed salmon had an MHC-diversity at the same level as individual wild salmon populations, while escaped farmed salmon from single escape events had lower diversity. Overall, the wild salmon had considerably higher MHC diversity than escaped farmed salmon. Accumulated genetic introgression of escaped farmed salmon is therefore a major threat as it can compromise the MHC diversity within and among the wild populations. Conservation of MHC diversity in the ongoing gene bank program for Norwegian Atlantic salmon is important, and our observation emphasizes that a large number of founders to the gene bank are needed to conserve the many rare MHC alleles and that genotyping of potential founders may be useful in broodfish selection.},
}
@article {pmid42254584,
year = {2026},
author = {Ruiz-Londoño, D and Pérez-Mesa, PA and Suárez-Baron, H},
title = {Transcriptomic dataset of the invasive species Thunbergia alata and its congener Thunbergia grandiflora (Acanthaceae) in Cali, Colombia.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {112861},
pmid = {42254584},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {This article presents the first comprehensive transcriptomic dataset of Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, a fast-growing vine recognized as one of the most aggressive invasive plant species in the Neotropics. Native to eastern Africa and now widely naturalized across tropical and subtropical regions, T. alata exhibits remarkable ecological plasticity, allowing it to colonize diverse habitats and outcompete native vegetation. The availability of a complete transcriptomic resource for this species provides an essential foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying its invasiveness, rapid adaptation, and physiological resilience. By profiling transcriptomes from vegetative and reproductive tissues across multiple developmental stages in Thunbergia alata, this dataset opens new opportunities for comparative genomic and evolutionary studies aimed at understanding the genetic basis of invasion success in non-model tropical plants. Using RNA-seq, we generated de novo transcriptomes from vegetative and reproductive tissues at two developmental stages, complemented with comparative data from its non-invasive congener Thunbergia grandiflora. The dataset includes eight transcriptomes deposited in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database (SAMN51331451-SAMN51331458). Quality-filtered assemblies were evaluated with BUSCO, and differential expression analyses revealed thousands of genes potentially linked to adaptive processes, reproduction, stress responses, and invasiveness. These data provide a critical resource for studying the molecular mechanisms of invasiveness, plant adaptation, and comparative molecular evolution in non-model climbing species.},
}
@article {pmid42256142,
year = {2026},
author = {Bajcz, AW and Larkin, DJ and Verhoeven, MR and Newman, RM and Walsh, JR and Panda, A and Phelps, NBD},
title = {P.I. Charter: A Shiny Application for Collecting, Cleaning, Compiling, and Communicating Point-Intercept Aquatic Plant Data.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e73779},
pmid = {42256142},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Even when data needed to address complex, high-priority ecological questions exist, when they are collected by many different entities for diverse purposes, they can be difficult to discover and unify. Web applications can address these challenges by serving as submission portals that clean and combine data programmatically. Furthermore, web apps can incentivize contributions-e.g., by providing public recognition and novel visualizations for reporting-while insulating users from needing to apply programming skills or interoperability practices. Here, we introduce P.I. Charter, an R Shiny web application that solicits, tidies, compiles, and shares point-intercept (PI) aquatic plant survey data collected across Minnesota, USA by dozens of entities. We summarize the app's features and how these align with our goals regarding ease of use, accessibility, education, open access, and user experience. Since P.I. Charter's launch, it has received thousands of visitors and hundreds of submissions. Familiar contributors can submit surveys in minutes, and satisfaction with the app is high. We present four case studies that show how the app and its database could be used to: (1) better plan and conduct future surveys, (2) strategize surveillance for new cryptic invasions, (3) investigate relationships between species occurrence and environmental factors, and (4) elucidate long-term trajectories of plant community composition in lakes responding to global change processes and management. Apps like P.I. Charter could revolutionize data aggregation in contexts wherein large data volumes are gathered and stored disparately. For us, developing P.I. Charter was relatively straightforward, but we caution that using R Shiny to build a complex, science-focused web application is not without challenges, especially with respect to achieving digital accessibility. Nonetheless, P.I. Charter's capacity to make fuller use of hard-earned data to address ecological questions has proven so valuable we wish to share our experiences so they may serve as a model for others.},
}
@article {pmid42256501,
year = {2026},
author = {Lu-Irving, P and Encinas-Viso, F and McMaster, E and Callander, J and Day, MD and Le Roux, JJ},
title = {Tangled Evolutionary History: Genetically Divergent Taxa and Hybrids Characterise Lantana Invasions in Australia.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {e70251},
pmid = {42256501},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {This study investigated population genomic diversity and structure in the taxonomically complicated and highly invasive Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) species complex in Australia. We considered taxonomy, spatial distribution and patterns of morphological and genetic variation in populations across the main invaded area (i.e., coastal and subcoastal eastern Australia across 22° latitude), and reconstructed their relationships with native-range plants sampled from the Americas. We used DArTseq to generate genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for > 600 individuals and analysed data from > 20,000 SNPs to identify genetic structure, and test the extent to which it corresponded with taxonomic descriptions and morphotype concepts used in current lantana biological control programmes. A subset of individuals was also evaluated for ploidy variation using flow cytometry. We used MaxEnt to predict suitable habitat for invasive lantana in Australia, and compared predictions with current distribution patterns, together with variation in morphology and biological control agent susceptibility. Invasive lantana in Australia was not clearly related to any native-range Lantana species. Instead, it was characterised as a mosaic of several distinct and divergent genetic lineages, from common and widespread to rare and localised, interspersed with occasional inter-lineage hybrids. This complexity explains why the taxonomy of invasive lantana has been (and will continue to be) challenging. Nevertheless, the main genetic lineages identified here were in agreement with published taxonomic concepts (varieties). Two of these varieties (Common Pink and Common Pink-Edged Red) were found to be dominant, widespread and occupying the full extent of their predicted suitable habitat in Australia. Failing to distinguish different taxa within invasive lantana may affect the success of biological control; taxonomic revision is thus needed to comprehensively define invasive taxa and provide broadly-applicable tools to identify them accurately.},
}
@article {pmid42256502,
year = {2026},
author = {Koene, JP and Jacobs, A and Bartolin, P and Baer, J and Frei, D and Vonlanthen, P and Brinker, A},
title = {Multiple Genetic Origins of Non-Native, Self-Sustaining Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Streams in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {e70271},
pmid = {42256502},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Introduced in the late 19th Century, Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) has been stocked historically in streams throughout Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and some populations have become self-sustaining with unclear impact on native salmonid populations. We sampled 223 rainbow trout from 14 streams and 3 hatcheries, each with different levels of domestication, from which the streams are known to have been stocked. We conducted genomic analyses to uncover evidence confirming self-sustaining populations, to deduce potential sources of these populations, to compare the genetic diversity of hatchery versus stream populations and to discover genetic differences between stream and hatchery populations. We found genetic population structuring amongst the stream populations, consistent with natural reproduction over several generations, and we inferred multiple genetic origins, potentially including source populations beyond the three hatcheries considered, indicating that naturalisation occurs independently of domestication level and that all lineages pose similar likelihoods of establishing in the wild. We found no significant difference in genetic diversity between stream and hatchery populations, but there were nine loci across four genomic regions associated with naturalisation within or adjacent to immunity, growth and development genes. Whether such genes are under selection in wild stream environments needs still to be determined to inform fisheries and conservation management.},
}
@article {pmid42243583,
year = {2026},
author = {Goossens, EP and Minden, V and Venterink, HO},
title = {Impact of native community diversity and plant-soil feedbacks on invasiveness in experimental temperate grasslands varies among invasive species.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {208},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42243583},
issn = {1432-1939},
abstract = {Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) are a key mechanism regulating species dynamics in plant communities, typically negative due to the buildup of species-specific pathogens. Species-rich communities experience less negative PSFs than species-poor ones due to pathogen dilution, making PSFs a proposed mechanism behind the positive biodiversity-productivity relationship. PSFs may also benefit invasive species through the loss of their pathogens enhancing competitiveness according to the enemy release hypothesis (ERH). We hypothesized that invasive species would benefit from enemy release in species-poor communities, but less in species-rich ones where the advantage of enemy release disappears due to pathogen dilution. Accordingly, we expected that in sterilized soils, community diversity would not affect invasion success. We conducted a greenhouse experiment measuring the invasion success of three invasive forbs (Solidago gigantea, Avena sterilis, and Lupinus polyphyllus) in plant communities of varying richness (1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 species) in both unsterilized and sterilized soils. In unsterilized soils species diversity had a significant positive impact on native community biomass, while S. gigantea showed a clear negative effect from this increased competition at higher species diversities, as predicted. In sterilized soils these effects were strongly reduced. Growth of the two other invasive species was not affected by species diversity of the native community, showing that this mechanism may be species-specific. These findings support the ERH but only when exotic plants invade species-poor communities. Furthermore, our results suggest that the greater resistance of diverse plant communities to invasion may be at least partly be ascribed to increased competitive strength of the native community due to pathogen dilution.},
}
@article {pmid42244929,
year = {2026},
author = {Kardung, M and Ahado, S and Ambrogio, Y and Čechura, L and Cingiz, K and Eriksson, D and Godinho, J and Jin, Y and Karpouzas, DG and Kartakis, S and Smeets Kristkova, Z and Wesseler, J},
title = {How the proposal for a new regulation for new genomic techniques affects the European Union's food system sustainability objectives.},
journal = {NPJ sustainable agriculture},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
pmid = {42244929},
issn = {2731-9202},
abstract = {The European Commission has proposed a regulation for plants developed through new genomic techniques to enhance the sustainability of the food system. The proposal features a two-tiered pathway exempting 'Category 1' plants from full genetically modified organisms legislation. This approach could positively impact low-risk pesticide usage and invasive species management. The success of these techniques depends on alignment with effective farm management strategies, addressing regulatory challenges, and promoting stakeholder engagement.},
}
@article {pmid42246581,
year = {2026},
author = {Menon, V and Southwell, D and Robley, A and Rees, MW and Wilkinson, DP and Giljohann, K and Pascoe, J and Wintle, B and Hradsky, BA},
title = {Spatially explicit power analysis reveals challenges for a long-term threatened species monitoring program in Australia.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {4},
pages = {e70271},
pmid = {42246581},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {LP170101134//Australian Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {Long-term monitoring programs are crucial to assess trends in biodiversity and so make informed decisions for conservation and resource management. However, disregarding the statistical power of a monitoring program can lead to incorrect conclusions about species population trends, potentially resulting in ineffective management and misdirected resource allocation. In Australia, predation by introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus) remains a major cause of native faunal decline and extinction. Australia spends more than $16 million yearly in controlling foxes for biodiversity conservation, primarily through landscape-scale poison baiting. Using a long-term fox baiting and threatened species monitoring program in southeastern Australia, we collated data from 2132 camera-trap deployments to: (1) explore drivers of the distribution of threatened native mammals and introduced predators, (2) conduct a spatially explicit power analysis to assess the program's ability to detect trends in native and introduced species occupancy for the next 10 years, and (3) provide recommendations for improving monitoring efforts through alternative scenarios. We found that threatened native mammals were more likely to occupy areas with high densities of fox baits, whereas foxes were less likely to occupy these areas; however, these areas were quite localized within baited regions. The power of the existing monitoring design was sensitive to the magnitude of change in occupancy, but robust to approximately 15% changes in the number of survey sites. The monitoring program showed adequate power (>0.8) to detect its original aims: increases in threatened native mammal occupancy and decreases in fox occupancy in baited areas. Hence, the lack of a strong signal of increasing native mammal occupancy in the last 8 years likely indicates that the system has reached a stable state under current management, rather than poor statistical power. This may potentially be the case in many long-term predator management programs. If removing some sites from an existing monitoring design does not considerably vary power, managers could consider diverting these resources to, for example, improving understanding of species-habitat relationships or intensifying predator management efforts.},
}
@article {pmid42247303,
year = {2026},
author = {Katahira, H and Tsutsui, S and Kishino, S and Tsujino, T and Yajima, H and Sawada, Y and Eguchi, Y and Horiguchi, T and Hirasawa, R and Hayasaka, D and Nitta, K},
title = {Multiple genetic lineages of the invasive brown widow spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) from inland areas in the Kanto region, Japan.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjag077},
pmid = {42247303},
issn = {1938-2928},
abstract = {The brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus Koch, 1841, is a medically important invasive species that possesses neurotoxic venom capable of causing latrodectism in humans. This species has recently been found in inland areas of the Kanto region in Japan, raising concerns about its ongoing range expansion and associated public health risks. Here, we analyzed partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and 16S ribosomal DNA from 99 individuals (3 males and 96 females) collected from multiple sites in Tokyo and Kanagawa prefectures, evaluating their phylogenetic positions and introduction history. The analysis revealed two major lineages, with six cox1 haplotypes (LGc1-LGc6) and five 16S rDNA haplotypes (LGs1-LGs5). One lineage comprised previously unreported basal haplotypes, including LGc5 and LGc6 in cox1 and LGs5 in 16S rDNA. The other lineage included four haplotypes (LGc1-LGc4 and LGs1-LGs4), which have been reported from South Africa and various invaded regions globally. In Sagamihara City (Kanagawa), where numerous individuals were consistently detected in previous surveys, both lineages co-occurred, suggesting multiple introductions and/or high propagule pressure. To clarify the dispersal routes and source populations of each lineage and haplotype, more comprehensive genetic data from both its native range in Africa and globally established populations are needed.},
}
@article {pmid42250110,
year = {2026},
author = {Giovacchini, S and Mirone, E and Bruno, A and Ramazzotti, F and Caprotti, L and Monaco, P and Di Febbraro, M and Manfrin, C and Jamwal, PS and Belluardo, F and Galimberti, A and Loy, A},
title = {Conservation Planning and Reporting Implications of qPCR-based Multi-species eDNA Detection Under EU Environmental Regulations.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42250110},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {CN_00000033//National Biodiversity Future Center/ ; CN_00000033//National Biodiversity Future Center/ ; CN_00000033//National Biodiversity Future Center/ ; },
abstract = {European Union (EU) legislation supports the conservation of endangered freshwater species through the Habitats Directive (HD, 92/43/EEC) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC), and the eradication of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) through the Regulation 1143/2014. Periodic monitoring and reporting on the species listed in these regulations are mandatory for EU Member States. Quantitative PCR environmental DNA (qPCR eDNA) based approaches offer a new cost-effective and sensitive tool that could contribute to these monitoring obligations and to spatial conservation planning. We analysed the results from a qPCR eDNA simultaneous survey of 11 endangered species, four IAS, one pathogen fungus and one translocated fish at 53 central-Italian freshwater sites to produce three scores that could be used to prioritize areas of intervention based on the cumulative presence of native and alien species and their prevalence and co-occurrence. For each site, we proposed a Prioritizing Protection Score (PPS), a Prioritizing Eradication Score (PES), and a Benthic Invertebrates and Fish Score (BIFS) in accordance with HD, Regulation 1143/2014, and WFD. PPS prioritized 39 sites eligible for Natura 2000 designation to achieve the EU target of 30% protected land, PES identified 22 sites for IAS eradication and management, whereas BIFS highlighted 33 sites where freshwater evaluations can benefit from eDNA surveys. Results from the qPCR eDNA survey also revealed 53 new grid cells of occurrence of IAS and species listed in Annexes II, IV and V of HD that will contribute to the next reporting for both the HD and the IAS Regulation.},
}
@article {pmid42253095,
year = {2026},
author = {Dolan, EJ and Soto, I and Olden, JD and Tonkin, JD and He, F and Carneiro, L and Dick, JTA and Cuthbert, RN},
title = {Native and Non-Native Populations Respond Unevenly to River Barrier Removals.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {e70941},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70941},
pmid = {42253095},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, UK Government/ ; RDF-18-UOC-007//Rutherford Discovery Fellowship/ ; //Richard C. and Lois M. Worthington Endowed Professor/ ; CAWX2101//Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment/ ; E355S122//Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; E529S101//Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; CEX2024-001498-S//Excelencia Severo Ochoa grant MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ ; },
abstract = {The multi-faceted threats of habitat degradation and biological invasions are increasing concerns for the integrity of freshwater ecosystems and their associated services globally. Removal of anthropogenic riverine barriers has gained momentum over the last three decades, motivated by the maintenance requirements of the aging infrastructure, while also functioning as a primary means of restoring river connectivity to promote ecosystem recovery and native biodiversity. Although barrier removals are intended to benefit native species dispersal, these actions can simultaneously facilitate non-native species spread and increase biological invasion risk, creating a conservation paradox. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesised the patterns and trends in responses between native and non-native populations to riverine barrier removals globally. Since 1998, research interest in the effects of barrier removals has rapidly accumulated, but with a major geographic imbalance towards North America (80% of studies). Fishes were the most studied taxon (74%), followed by riparian and aquatic plants (24%) and invertebrates (15%). The removal of dams dominated (85%), compared to road culverts (7%) and weirs (2%). Results from 2840 reported effect sizes showed that both native and non-native population sizes generally increased after barrier removal, but the positive effect was strongest for native species. Moreover, these population responses were highly context-dependent, with taxonomic grouping, sampling directionality and time since removal affecting outcomes. Non-native population growth outstripped that of native species in the first few years post-removal and non-native invertebrates responded the most favourably to barrier removal. While native species typically benefit from barrier removals overall, our analyses highlight context-specific responses that can simultaneously benefit non-native populations and erode long-term conservation outcomes. As river restoration efforts continue to gain traction globally, further planning and research are required to anticipate and assess long term population recoveries, to reconcile conservation quagmires around interacting global environmental changes.},
}
@article {pmid41999835,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, PC and Amarga, AKS and Chen, WH and Wu, LH and Ho, CK and Chiu, CI and Chiu, MC},
title = {Hexamermis jengi n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing grasshoppers and the invasive fall armyworm in Taiwan and Thailand.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {108632},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2026.108632},
pmid = {41999835},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; Taiwan ; Female ; Thailand ; *Grasshoppers/parasitology ; *Spodoptera/parasitology ; *Mermithoidea/physiology ; Male ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), a polyphagous noctuid pest native to the Americas, has rapidly spread worldwide in recent years. Mermithid infections, particularly involving the genera Ovomermis and Hexamermis, have been reported along its invasion routes of S. frugiperda in Africa and Asia. In 2019, the same year that the fall armyworm invasion was first detected in Taiwan, mermithid infections were observed not only in S. frugiperda but also in two sympatric grasshopper species, Pseudoxya diminuta and Atractomorpha sinensis. Morphological and molecular evidence indicate that these mermithids represent a new species, Hexamermis jengi n. sp., which is morphologically similar to Ovomermis sinensis. Molecular data further suggest that Hexamermis jengi n. sp. exhibits a wide distribution range as it is reported in Taiwan and Thailand, and most likely to occur in neighboring Southeast Asian countries. In addition, field surveys of grasshopper hosts revealed a higher prevalence and infection intensity in A. sinensis compared to P. diminuta, with male-biased sex ratios associated with greater infection intensity. However, unlike previous studies on Lepidoptera, grasshopper infection rates were correlated with temperature rather than rainfall.},
}
@article {pmid42026728,
year = {2026},
author = {Park, WB and Kim, CJ and Do, Y},
title = {Colony energy economics drive invasion hotspots of Vespa velutina in South Korea.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {7},
pages = {6775-6785},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70757},
pmid = {42026728},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Korea National Arboretum/ ; //National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {Republic of Korea ; Animals ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Energy Metabolism ; *Animal Distribution ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The expanded range of the Asian yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, in South Korea is shaped by colony energy economics with hotspots emerging from energetically advantaged coastal hubs.<br><br>RESULTS: We combined a 4-year nationwide trapping program (304 sites, 32&#x2009;964 vespids and 4765&#x2009;V. velutina at 173 sites) with a mechanistic colony energy kinetic framework, using a generative adversarial network solely to sample and summarize colony-level outcome distributions and a Bayesian hierarchical model for uncertainty quantification, while deriving spatial risk surfaces from Nfinal-weighted kernel density estimation. In two southern coastal hubs, most colonies were large (>6000 workers), surpassed the energy viability threshold, produced high numbers of gynes (approaching the model cap of 350) and exhibited dispersal potential &#x2265;40&#x2009;km. By contrast, many inland and northern colonies fell below viability thresholds, indicating an extensive demographic sink habitat despite widespread detection. Queen production scaled steeply with final workforce size (r&#x2009;&#x2248;&#x2009;0.91), and dispersal covaried with reproductive output, explaining rapid macro-scale diffusion from a minority of source colonies. Sensitivity analyses identified colony energy budgets and per capita metabolic demand as dominant drivers, with modest energetic shifts producing nonlinear changes in colony size, reproductive output and dispersal. Kernel-weighted risk surfaces delineated a southern littoral corridor linking the two hubs and channeling further spread.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Management should prioritize detection and pre-emergence removal of high-output colonies in coastal and peri-apiary landscapes, supported by surveillance buffers &#x2265;40&#x2009;km. Broad suppression in inland sink regions would provide limited benefit. The results of this study demonstrate that an energy-aware framework complements climate-only species distribution models and is transferable to assessments of other eusocial invaders governed by colony-level resource economies. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42243159,
year = {2026},
author = {Kattassery Mohamed Nisai, MN and Kannanchery Ramanathan, S and Sreeram, MP and Raju, S and Kizhakkecheruvil Sivadas, S and George, G},
title = {Modelling the global invasion potential of Pelagia noctiluca under climate change.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-48886-5},
pmid = {42243159},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Invasive species are recognised as a major driver of global biodiversity loss. In marine ecosystems, blooms of non-native jellyfish species are widely perceived to be increasing globally, with impacts on food webs, ecosystem services, biogeochemical cycles, and coastal livelihoods. Pelagia noctiluca (Forsskål, 1775) is a jellyfish native to the Mediterranean Sea and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, but has been increasingly associated with recurrent bloom events in non-native regions, which cause adverse ecological and socio-economic impacts. Here, we use an ensemble species distribution modelling framework implemented in the biomod2 package in R to assess the global habitat suitability of P. noctiluca, and to evaluate its present-day and future invasion potential across non-native marine ecosystems. Based on species occurrence records and eight environmental variables, our results indicate that P. noctiluca exhibits high habitat suitability in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, driven primarily by salinity, primary productivity, and sea surface temperature. Ultimately, by projecting a substantial future habitat contraction, our findings strongly contradict the general perception that jellyfish blooms and distribution will universally increase under global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid42239789,
year = {2026},
author = {Seok, S and Shin, J and Bang, WJ and Mogi, M and Lee, Y},
title = {Global niche dynamics of two invasive Aedes mosquitoes, Aedes japonicus and Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae), using comprehensive native and non-native occurrence data.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-9381631/v1},
pmid = {42239789},
issn = {2693-5015},
abstract = {Background Identifying areas at risk of invasion is essential for effective surveillance and management of invasive species. Two invasive mosquito species originating from East Asia, Aedes japonicus and Aedes koreicus , are of importance in Europe and America. Whether these invasive mosquitoes retain their environmental niches after introduction remains uncertain. Moreover, niche dynamics of these species, particularly for Ae. koreicus , remain poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify niche dynamics of both species by comparing environmental niches between native and non-native populations. Methods We compiled occurrence records of Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus after from published sources, databases, and field collections, and applied data clearing and spatial filtering to reduce sampling bias. The final dataset included 2,623 for Ae. japonicus and 501 for Ae. koreicus . Environmental space was defined using selected bioclimatic variables and elevation. Within this space, we quantified niche overlap and dynamics using Schoener's D and metrics of stability, expansion, and unfilling across species, regions, and invasion statues. Results The two species occupied distinct niches in their native ranges but showed niche convergence in their non-native ranges. For both species, niche comparisons between native and non-native populations revealed subtle but significant niche differentiation. Niche dynamic analyses indicate high niche stability (0.821 in Ae. japonicus and 0.776 in Ae. koreicus) with low niche overlap values. Native subpopulation comparisons suggested potential invasion origins, with the Japanese population likely representing the source of Ae. japonicus and the Chinese population representing a potential additional source for Ae. koreicus . Conclusion Our results show that these two invasive mosquito species exhibit convergent niche shifts after introduction. Niche comparisons between native and non-native populations show niche differentiation for both species and also provide insights into invasion origins. Incorporating comprehensive native occurrence data is critical for improving predictions of invasion risk and supporting surveillance and management of invasive mosquito species.},
}
@article {pmid42241439,
year = {2026},
author = {Dieng, CC and Ning, RT and Kipayko, C and Schroeder, RE and Mdluli-Berndt, N and Ayukenchengamba, B and Nematchoua Weyou, Z and Sona, TD and Reward, AE and Zhou, G and Sumbele Ngole Ule, I and Kimbi, HK and Lo, E},
title = {Epidemiological insights and genetic diversity of the Duffy binding protein of Plasmodium vivax in Duffy-negative Cameroonians.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0014404},
pmid = {42241439},
issn = {1935-2735},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), historically considered rare due to the predominance of Duffy-negative individuals, is increasingly reported in Central and West Africa. The ability of P. vivax to infect Duffy-negative populations challenges long-standing assumptions regarding parasite invasion biology and highlight surveillance gaps across Africa.<br><br>This study investigated P. vivax prevalence and genetic diversity across three ecological zones in Cameroon. A total of 1,373 samples were screened by microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and qPCR; and all participants were genotyped for Duffy antigen status. PvDBP1 region II was successfully sequenced from 75 P. vivax isolates. P. vivax prevalence was 10.8% among hospital patients (86/793) and 5.5% in community participants (32/580), and all confirmed infections occurred in Duffy-negative individuals. Hospital infections exhibited significantly higher parasitemia than asymptomatic cases. PvLDH-based RDTs failed to detect over 85% of qPCR-confirmed infections. Genetic analysis of PvDBP1 identified eight nonsynonymous mutations, with I379L (74.1%) and E225K (61.3%) as the most common variants, suggesting possible adaptive evolution. Phylogenetic analysis clustered Cameroonian P. vivaxisolates with those from Botswana, distinct from East African and Asian lineages, indicating regional adaptation and potential gene flow within Central-Southern Africa.<br><br>CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides the first integrated epidemiological and PvDBP1 genetic characterization of P. vivax infections in Duffy-negative Central Africans, revealing widespread subclinical infections and poor diagnostic performance of current PvLDH-based RDTs. The observed genetic signatures of adaptation highlight the urgent need to prioritize P. vivax within national malaria programs and investigate alternative invasion pathways beyond PvDBP1 to guide improved diagnostic and vaccine strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41545193,
year = {2026},
author = {Branston, CJ and Capilla-Lasheras, P and Haugh, C and Baker, PJ and Reid, R and Griffiths, K and White, S and Dominoni, DM},
title = {Native trees are related to advanced bird breeding phenology and increased reproductive success along an urban gradient.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {1},
pages = {e70294},
pmid = {41545193},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {NE/S005773/1//NERC/ ; //University of Glasgow/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Reproduction/physiology ; Cities ; *Trees/physiology ; *Quercus/physiology ; Scotland ; *Passeriformes/physiology ; Seasons ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Urban areas are altered from natural landscapes in several ways that can impact wildlife. Birds are widespread in urban areas, and it is well documented that there are phenotypic differences between urban and non-urban conspecifics. However, little is known about which characteristics of the urban environment are driving differences. We used 9 years of data from nest boxes spread across 20 sites along a 40-km urban-non-urban gradient in Scotland to test whether characteristics of the urban environment (native, non-native, native oak (Quercus spp.), birch (Betula spp.) foliage availability, temperature and human population density, and the interaction between foliage and temperature) influenced phenology and reproductive success in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). We found that higher foliage availability of native foliage, and specifically of the most common native genus, oak, was associated at the territory level with earlier first egg laying date. Higher non-native foliage availability at both a site and territory level was negatively related to clutch size. The number of fledglings produced was reduced at sites with higher levels of non-native foliage and increased at sites with greater amounts of native oak foliage present. We also found territories with a higher human population density had reduced fledging success. Temperature was negatively related to first egg laying date, clutch size and the number of fledglings produced. Moreover, the number of Lepidopteran larvae, blue tits' preferred prey, that were collected over the breeding season was positively related to native oak foliage availability. Our results strongly indicate that the presence of native trees, such as oak, are beneficial to breeding insectivores by increasing the number of fledglings they can successfully raise, likely due to the increased availability of invertebrate prey. We suggest that urban planting regimes should be carefully considered, selecting tree species that are native or non-native congeneric species, and most importantly that will host Lepidoptera larvae. This will not only help to support complete food chains, but also to maximize biodiversity and ecosystem services of urban green spaces.},
}
@article {pmid42228949,
year = {2026},
author = {Elias, M and Galloway, KA},
title = {Morphometric scale shape variation of the invasive red lionfish, Pterois volitans.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icag061},
pmid = {42228949},
issn = {1557-7023},
abstract = {Geometric morphometrics is a common tool that quantifies shape variation and has been used to explore morphological changes over ontogeny and investigate evolutionary relationships. Lionfishes are suction feeders that have cycloid scales. Cycloid scales in bony fishes are smooth, overlapping structures that have been hypothesized to serve multiple functions such as protection and streamlining the fish for efficient locomotion. Lionfish undulate their soft dorsal, anal, and caudal fins to move slowly through the water column, near the substrate. In this study we examined invasive lionfish, Pterois volitans, collected from public fishing derbies on the eastern coast of Florida. We used 2D geometric morphometrics to investigate lionfish scale variation along the length of the body from three regions (anterior, middle, caudal), and between sexes. We placed eight landmarks using anatomical loci on sixty scales from twenty specimens similar in size (TL = 170mm- 230mm). We hypothesized to observe significant scale shape variation among body regions and we expected to see shape variation between sexes, as males exhibit more aggressive behavior during mating. Lionfish showed significant shape differences among all regions (anterior, middle, and caudal), with scales being more elongated near the caudal fin. We also observed statistically significant shape differences between male and female scales. Specifically, females have wider scales in the middle body region and males have wider scales near the caudal fin. Overall, this study reveals more information about the morphology and sexual dimorphic traits of lionfish using unconventional specimen collection methods (public lionfish derbies). When conducting research on invasive species we emphasize the importance of utilizing public events sponsored by state and local organizations, which are already engaging the public to significantly reduce population sizes.},
}
@article {pmid42236274,
year = {2026},
author = {Sheppard, CS and Brian, JI and Dawson, W and Dostál, P and Essl, F and Gruntman, M and Heger, T and Kleunen, MV and Razanajatovo, M and Reimann, LC and Schurr, FM and Vilà, M and Yannelli, FA and Golivets, M},
title = {Dynamics of biotic resistance to plant invasions.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/brv.70190},
pmid = {42236274},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {SH 924/1-2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; HE 5893/8-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; SCHU 2259/5-2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 101002987/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; RVO 67985939//Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences/ ; //Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/ ; },
abstract = {Biotic resistance, the reduction in invasion success caused by native communities, plays an important role in the long-term dynamics of biological invasions. A large body of empirical research on biotic resistance has accumulated since the last comprehensive review on the subject 20 years ago, enabling us to achieve a refined understanding of biotic resistance and its dynamics. Here, we aim to reshape research on biotic resistance to alien plant invasions by (i) synthesizing existing evidence on biotic resistance and (ii) exploring the so far rarely considered interplay between biotic resistance mechanisms (i.e. competition, aboveground and belowground antagonisms, and diversity-invasibility effects) and the potential eco-evolutionary changes in biotic resistance over time. To address the first aspect, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 240 experimental studies to assess the mechanisms by which and the extent to which biotic resistance of native communities affects the performance of alien plant species. We show that competition with native plant species, aboveground antagonism (e.g. herbivores) and diversity-invasibility effects significantly reduced alien plant performance, whereas there was no evidence for consistent effects of belowground antagonism (e.g. soil pathogens). Competition exerted the strongest biotic resistance, followed by aboveground antagonism. However, the strength of biotic resistance also depended on the alien plant performance measure considered (vegetative performance, survival, reproductive performance, or population growth). From the small set of studies that considered more than one biotic resistance mechanism, we did not detect an overall synergistic effect of combined mechanisms. The meta-analysis results also revealed that biotic resistance first decreased with the residence time of the alien plant species but increased again after approximately 200 years. In a subset of studies directly comparing species of different origin, we did not detect a difference in biotic resistance to alien versus native species. To address the second aspect, we expanded the limited empirical evidence on temporal dynamics by presenting a conceptual causal network and an accompanying mathematical model to explore the eco-evolutionary dynamics of biotic resistance mechanisms. Our conceptual and mathematical models highlight that biotic resistance is determined by both the attributes of the alien species (i.e. invasiveness) and of the recipient community (i.e. invasibility). Both factors can change over time as inter- and/or intraspecific selection cause changes in the composition and overall density of the native community and the alien species. As invaders evolve and the successful ones persist, biotic resistance initially decreases, then increases again due to intra- and interspecific adaptation of the native community. Using the findings from the comprehensive synthesis of empirical studies and our modelling approach, we highlight research avenues to better understand the temporal dynamics of biotic resistance to plant invasions, including how biotic resistance depends on multiple mechanisms and performance measures, how it may differently affect alien versus native species and crucially, how it changes over time.},
}
@article {pmid42236832,
year = {2026},
author = {Barmaki, A and Rassi, Y and Nikpour, F and Najafpour, B and Bagheri, H and Ahadi, G and Yahaghi, R and Abbasi, M and Hosseini, F},
title = {Early detection and community-based surveillance of Aedes albopictus in the Razmian region of Qazvin Province, Iran.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-55779-0},
pmid = {42236832},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, is a globally recognized invasive species and a significant vector for arboviruses such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. While reported in various Northern provinces of Iran, evidence of its detection in Qazvin Province, remained unconfirmed prior to this study. The objective of this research was to conduct early detection and community-based surveillance for invasive Aedes species within this high-risk area. A comprehensive entomological surveillance system was implemented across Qazvin Province (2022-2024), integrating monitoring at Points of Entry, community‑based reporting, and targeted investigations around confirmed dengue cases. Field activities were conducted from April to November each year. Data collection included ovitrap monitoring, larval habitat inspections, and adult mosquito sampling using standardized WHO‑recommended procedures, followed by morphological identification under laboratory conditions. All surveillance information was systematically recorded, validated, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The presence of Ae. albopictus was confirmed in Razmian. A total of 1,602 mosquito specimens representing eight species from four genera were collected, including 561 eggs, 15 larvae, and 3 adult Ae. albopictus detected across four locations. All positive detections originated from community‑triggered investigations, while ovitraps and routine surveillance at Points of Entry yielded no Aedes specimens. This demonstrates the high sensitivity of community‑based reporting for early detection of low‑density invasive mosquito populations. This study reports the first confirmed detection of Ae. albopictus in Qazvin Province. The findings highlight the essential contribution of community reporting in complementing traditional entomological surveillance and emphasize the need for sustained, people‑centered surveillance strategies to mitigate the risk of future arboviral transmission.},
}
@article {pmid42237131,
year = {2026},
author = {Ricigliano, VA and Fine, JD and Mueller, R and Rivera, L and Litsey, EM and Lucadello, MC and Rinkevich, FD and Rector, BG and Nicklisch, SCT},
title = {RNAi targeting ABCB1-like efflux transporters improves miticide efficacy in resistant Varroa mites.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13071-026-07461-7},
pmid = {42237131},
issn = {1756-3305},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is the gravest threat to managed honeybees, and its control relies on a limited number of chemical miticides. Among these, amitraz is widely used because of its strong efficacy against mites and relatively low toxicity to bees. However, increasing resistance to amitraz in Varroa populations threatens its long-term effectiveness. While mutations in the mite's β2 octopamine receptor are strongly associated with amitraz resistance, additional mechanisms influencing toxicant uptake and efflux are believed to also contribute. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including ABCB1/P-glycoproteins, are well-established mediators of xenobiotic efflux and pesticide tolerance across arthropods, making them promising targets for silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) to combat miticide resistance.<br><br>METHODS: We cloned a full-length Varroa ABCB1-like transporter (VdABCB1) and synthesized dsRNAs targeting its coding sequence. Adult mites were treated with dsRNA prior to amitraz exposure in laboratory bioassays. Mite survival was analyzed longitudinally, and resistance-associated &#x3b2;2 octopamine receptor genotypes were determined. &#xa0;Varroa transcriptomic responses to dsRNA were assessed by RNA sequencing. Honeybee safety was evaluated in cage assays following chronic oral dsRNA exposure, including conservative tests co-administered with a known ABC transporter substrate.<br><br>RESULTS: Mites exposed to ABCB1 dsRNA showed greater amitraz-induced mortality than those treated with non-specific dsRNA. This effect was observed across multiple trials and amitraz concentrations. Transcriptomic analyses of mites revealed a significant knockdown of ABCB1-like transcripts following RNAi treatment. Chronic dietary exposure to ABCB1 dsRNA did not impact honeybee survival. Toxicity assays with ABCB1 dsRNA on its own or together with acetamiprid (ABC transporter substrate) as a high-risk interaction control showed minimal adverse effects on bees.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: RNAi suppression of Varroa ABCB1-like transporters increased amitraz mortality in resistant mites, identifying transporter-mediated efflux as a modifiable component of amitraz resistance. These findings demonstrate that targeted disruption of detoxification pathways can enhance miticide efficacy while minimizing off-target effects in bees. RNAi-based synergists therefore represent a selective resistance management strategy that could extend the effective lifespan of amitraz and other miticides relied on by the beekeeping industry.},
}
@article {pmid42237178,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Q and Khan, I and Lei, E and Chen, H and Tang, X and Ding, L and Hong, M},
title = {The gut-brain-gonad axis mediates salinity adaptation in an invasive turtle: causal evidence from microbiota transplantation and metabolite supplementation.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s42523-026-00583-4},
pmid = {42237178},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Preliminary studies have shown that salinity stress can impair the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) through the gut-brain-gonad axis, thereby affecting their reproductive ability. However, a direct causal link between salinity-induced gut microbiota alterations and reproductive suppression remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that gut microbiota and their metabolites mediate salinity adaptation by modulating the gut-brain-gonad axis, we conducted fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and metabolite supplementation experiments.<br><br>RESULTS: Results showed that the FMT group successfully recapitulated the donor's gut microbial profile and exhibited significant changes in intestinal metabolites. Both FMT and GABA supplementation mimicked the reproductive inhibitory phenotype observed under direct salinity stress: altered brain neurotransmitter levels (increased dopamine, decreased serotonin), downregulated expression of reproductive genes (e.g. GnRH1, FSH&#x3b2;), and impaired SSC self-renewal and differentiation in testes, as evidenced by reduced marker gene expression (e.g. PLZF, Stra8) and disrupted testicular histology.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that salinity stress reshapes the gut microbiota and metabolome. This leads to increased inhibitory signaling, notably via GABA, along the gut-brain-gonad axis. Ultimately, this signaling cascade suppresses reproductive function. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into the environmental adaptation strategies of an invasive species and highlights the potential of targeting the microbiome-metabolite axis for developing innovative, environmentally friendly biocontrol approaches against this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid42237923,
year = {2026},
author = {Bosua, HJ and McCue, MD and Weldon, CW and Terblanche, JS},
title = {Flexible nutrient oxidation during desiccation is associated with climate stress resistance of an invasive fly.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.250861},
pmid = {42237923},
issn = {1477-9145},
abstract = {The capacity of living organisms to withstand stress may be energetically expensive, thereby placing a demand on body nutrient stores and any nutrients that might be linked to coping with that stress. Here, we tested the hypothesis that desiccation-resistant Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and desiccation-sensitive Ceratitis rosa differentially oxidize nutrients to counter desiccation stress and facilitate recovery. Lines of flies from both species had their body macronutrient stores experimentally enriched with one of three 13C tracers: Leucine (enriches proteins), palmitic acid (enriches lipids), and glucose (enriches primarily carbohydrates), and were then subjected to a regimen of desiccation stress followed by recovery. We used flow-through respirometry and 13C-breath testing to detect changes in metabolic rates and macronutrient oxidation. Ceratitis capitata, unlike C. rosa, showed highly flexible metabolic rates and nutrient oxidation. The former upregulated oxidation of both carbohydrates and lipids whereas protein oxidation was only upregulated during recovery from desiccation. This provides novel support for biochemical pathway (macronutrient) flexibility enhancing the survival of a desiccation-resistant invasive species over a desiccation-sensitive species.},
}
@article {pmid42238889,
year = {2026},
author = {Mohamed, NS and Ahmed, A},
title = {High diversity and distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Sudan emphasizes the need for implementing cost-effective community One Health strategy.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1790610},
pmid = {42238889},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) represent a growing challenge to both animal and human health in Sudan. However, the absence of consolidated nationwide data limits accurate characterization of tick fauna, monitoring of shifts in species distribution, and detection of invasive species. This knowledge gap not only constrains understanding of vector ecology but also weakens efforts to link tick distribution with disease occurrence, thereby undermining targeted control strategies. Livestock TBDs, including theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and lumpy skin disease, cause substantial economic losses by reducing productivity, threatening food security, and hindering national development. In parallel, zoonotic infections such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, rickettsioses, and potentially tularemia pose underrecognized public health risks. These infections are frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked due to limited diagnostic capacity and the predominance of malaria in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness. The persistence and spread of TBDs in Sudan are driven by interconnected factors, including high livestock mobility, widespread presence of competent vectors, weak veterinary and public health infrastructure, and inadequate surveillance systems. Addressing this multifaceted burden requires integrated approaches that combine improved vector control, expanded diagnostic capacity and surveillance, vaccination where available, and strengthened regional cross-border collaboration. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ticks and TBDs in Sudan, highlights critical gaps, and emphasizes the need for One Health strategies to reduce TBD transmission, protect livelihoods, and safeguard public health.},
}
@article {pmid42085797,
year = {2026},
author = {Mauricio, VU and Diego, SA and Rodolfo, LQ and Andrés, LN},
title = {Environmental differentiation between the invasive cattle fever ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus revealed by comparative geographical ecology.},
journal = {Veterinary parasitology},
volume = {345},
number = {},
pages = {110765},
doi = {10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110765},
pmid = {42085797},
issn = {1873-2550},
mesh = {Animals ; *Rhipicephalus/physiology/classification ; Cattle ; Climate ; *Cattle Diseases/parasitology/epidemiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Tick Infestations/veterinary/parasitology/epidemiology ; Introduced Species ; *Environment ; },
abstract = {Cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. (B.) annulatus, are major constraints on cattle production worldwide because they directly reduce productivity and transmit the agents of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Despite their shared hosts and similar vector capacity, their environmental preferences and the extent to which they occupy comparable climatic space remain unclear. We compiled historical occurrence records from global sources and, after quality control and spatial thinning, retained 2338 records for R. (B.) microplus and 527 for R. (B.) annulatus. Using climate, vegetation and soil variables, we characterized occupied environments, reconstructed geographically accessible areas with dispersal simulations, and compared climatic niches using methods that approximate fundamental and realized components. Both species were recorded across all major terrestrial biomes except tundra and in all livestock production systems. Environmental profiles nevertheless differed significantly: R. (B.) microplus occurred more often in warmer, wetter and more vegetated settings with moister soils and more stable surface temperatures, whereas R. (B.) annulatus was more frequently associated with drier environments and a broader range of thermal extremes. Climatic niche similarity was low to moderate and was statistically supported mainly for temperature-based niches. These results indicate that cattle fever ticks are not as environmentally distinct as often assumed, but they differ in how they partition environmental space. This information complements existing knowledge about the ecology and distribution of cattle fever ticks and motivate testable hypotheses about species interactions.},
}
@article {pmid42228186,
year = {2026},
author = {Silva, M and Rato, J and Brandão, P and Rocha, R and Anastácio, P and Banha, F},
title = {Global patterns of parasite sharing among freshwater turtles.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00436-026-08702-5},
pmid = {42228186},
issn = {1432-1955},
abstract = {Freshwater turtles represent a highly diverse and ecologically important group, yet they are among the most threatened vertebrates worldwide due to habitat loss, overexploitation, and the introduction of non-native species. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines, to assess parasite sharing among native and non-native freshwater turtles globally, compiling data from 294 publications spanning 1939 to 2025. Our analyses, including multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and clustering analysis, revealed that parasite communities are strongly structured by host phylogeny, biogeography, and the presence of non-native species. In North America, Asia, and South America, both native and introduced turtles share extensive parasite networks, whereas Oceania and Africa show mostly endemic, intra-native associations. Non-native species such as Trachemys scripta may act as epidemiological bridges in Europe, facilitating parasite spillover to native hosts. These findings underscore the influence of evolutionary history, species introductions, and geographic isolation on host-parasite dynamics and highlight the need for targeted monitoring and management strategies to mitigate ecological and health risks.},
}
@article {pmid41538020,
year = {2025},
author = {Lear, L and Buckling, A and Hesse, E},
title = {Cheats can boost the success of an invading population.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2061},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2355},
pmid = {41538020},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//UK Research and Innovation/ ; //Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology/genetics ; *Siderophores/metabolism ; Copper/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; *Microbial Interactions ; },
abstract = {Successful biological invasions are dependent on the invader being able to grow and reproduce in the new environment. One way that microbial invaders may facilitate this is to use cooperative public goods, such as metal-detoxifying siderophores. However, siderophore production can be exploited by non-producing cheats that benefit from production without paying any associated costs. Here, we test the importance of cooperation for the success of Pseudomonas aeruginosa invading a 5-species microbial community. We do this by comparing the success of a siderophore-producing strain, a siderophore-deficient mutant strain and a 50 : 50 mixed population, both in environments with weak (copper-absent) and strong (copper-rich) siderophore requirement. We found no effect of invader type on success when siderophores were less essential for growth, but large differences when they were selectively favoured. Here, the producer-cheat mix had the greatest success, with both strains having near-equal fitness and reaching high densities, while in isolation producers had intermediate success and cheats the lowest. Similarly, resident diversity only differed across invader treatments in the copper-rich environment. In conclusion, we show that the presence of cheats can provide a larger benefit for invasion success than pure cooperator populations, but only when public goods are particularly beneficial.},
}
@article {pmid42222464,
year = {2026},
author = {Villar, DA and Clark-Ginsberg, A and Tisherman, R},
title = {Decadal predictions of future habitat favourability of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) on the Pacific Coast of North America.},
journal = {Hydrobiologia},
volume = {853},
number = {12},
pages = {3389-3407},
pmid = {42222464},
issn = {0018-8158},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is a globally important invasive species. Since 1989, it has been spreading north from San Francisco Bay on the Pacific Coast of North America. Climate change is likely to lead to the species spreading further north into Alaskan and Arctic waters. Previous studies predicting its potential future distribution have focused on its range at the end of the century, under only one of multiple climate change scenarios. We used Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) and benthic environmental variable predictors derived from the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report to produce decadal predictions under four climate change scenarios; SSP1, SSP2, SSP4, and SSP5. We find that under all but the lowest emission scenarios, the European green crab will find suitable habitat as far north as the Seward Peninsula, and potentially, under the highest emission scenarios, into the Arctic Circle. This could have devastating consequences for the local ecology of the Pacific Coast of North America, for local economies dependent on fisheries, and for local communities, particularly indigenous communities. Increased monitoring in regions where green crab is likely to find favourable habitat could help with early detection, and potentially early functional eradication before populations establish themselves.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-026-06149-4.},
}
@article {pmid42226773,
year = {2026},
author = {Scriver, M and von Ammon, U and Te Tai, S and Tipene, M and Watene, K and Bamford, N and Thomas, AC and Zaiko, A},
title = {Automated eDNA sampling for marine monitoring and biosecurity: optimising temporal resolution, remote deployments, and community engagement.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e21287},
pmid = {42226773},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) offers unprecedented potential for monitoring high-risk coastal environments impacted by anthropogenic activities and is increasingly used for marine biosecurity applications. Yet, optimal temporal-spatial sampling strategies remain unresolved for dynamic coastal settings. Recent advances in automated eDNA sampling have allowed practitioners to improve temporal resolution, enabling simplified sampling methods and more adaptive sampling strategies. In this study, we evaluated whether higher temporal resolution improves biodiversity assessment and marine non-indigenous species (NIS) detection in a marina in Ōpua (Te Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands), Aotearoa-New Zealand) using the recently introduced Smith-Root automated eDNA sampler. For this purpose, daily samples were collected over four weeks between 12:00-18:00 to assess eukaryotic and metazoan biodiversity using metabarcoding of the small ribosomal subunit RNA (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. The results revealed that alpha diversity remained similar among weeks, but beta diversity shifted significantly, indicating that weekly replication captures meaningful ecological change in this setting. In parallel, NIS detections by screening the data with the Pest Alert Tool (PAT) comprised a mix of consistently present bivalves (e.g., Arcuatula senhousia) and sporadically detected other fouling taxa (e.g., Botrylloides spp.), illustrating how short-term (daily) temporal resolution modulates detection probability for intermittent targets. These patterns align with expectations for dynamic estuarine-coastal systems where behaviour, reproduction, and transport processes drive short-term variability. Comparison with prior single-day sampling at the same site suggests that a multi-week temporal design better resolves biodiversity compositional change. Operational refinements to the autosampler device (e.g., optimised maintenance and temperature management) would further stabilise performance. Overall, automated high-frequency or repeated weekly eDNA sampling enhances biodiversity monitoring and biosecurity surveillance in coastal marinas by resolving temporal variability that governs detectability of rare taxa. Because these systems are low-infrastructure and portable, they are also suited for remote deployments and structured community-science use.},
}
@article {pmid42218865,
year = {2026},
author = {Marchessaux, G and Crane, LC and Gutzler, BC and Smith, SA and Sarà, G and Goldstein, JS},
title = {Blue and green: A portrait of two portunoidea crabs from away and their interactive effects on catch.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {220},
number = {},
pages = {108164},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108164},
pmid = {42218865},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Biological invasions and climate-driven range expansions are generating novel assemblages of interacting species with ecological and socio-economic consequences. While competition between invasive and native species has been widely documented, interactions between invasive and range-expanding species remain comparatively underexplored, despite their growing relevance. This study set out to compare a "reciprocal invasion" of two Portunoidea crabs-American blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and the European green crab complex (Carcinus spp.)-between the Mediterranean Sea (Italy), where the green crab is native and the blue crab a recent invader, and the Gulf of Maine (USA), where the green crab is an established invader and the blue crab is expanding its range. Through a series of trapping surveys, we found a consistent negative relationship in catches between these two species across regions, suggesting that C. sapidus is a competitive dominant regardless of geographic context. Further, we observed different responses to temperature and salinity between species, suggesting that their coexistence is likely limited by both competitive exclusion and environmental factors. Across both regions, blue crab catches peaked during warm seasons and higher temperature-salinity conditions, whereas green crabs dominated cooler periods and lower salinities, revealing consistent seasonal and environmental niche segregation that reinforces competitive exclusion patterns. This study highlights the importance of considering both environmental niches and biotic interactions as they jointly shape invasion outcomes, and demonstrates the utility of cross-region comparisons for better understanding the conservation implications of novel species interactions in an ever-changing ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid42219662,
year = {2026},
author = {Liang, CS and Qin, DD and Yang, WJ and Li, C and Wan, FH and Smagghe, G and Xu, KK},
title = {MicroRNA Lse-novel_mir63 regulates metamorphosis and fumigant tolerance by targeting CYP4G249 in Lasioderma serricorne.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70977},
pmid = {42219662},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Guiyang Science and Technology Personnel Training Project ([2023]48-19)/ ; //Program of High-level Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province (GCC[2023]008)/ ; //Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (QKHJC-ZK[2023]-020)/ ; //Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department (QJJ-[2023]-024)/ ; //Special Funding of Doctoral Research Startup Fund of Guiyang University (GYU-KY-[2025])/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Genes in the CYP4G subfamily are essential for the final steps of cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) biosynthesis, which influences insect metamorphic development, desiccation tolerance, and insecticide penetration. However, the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of CYP4G genes in Lasioderma serricorne, a major stored-product pest, remain poorly understood.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we identified the CYP4G249 gene in L. serricorne, exhibiting conserved CYP4G structural features. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of CYP4G249 significantly reduced CHC content, impaired larval molting, decreased body weight, and increased desiccation susceptibility. Histological analysis revealed thinning of the newly formed epidermis, while scanning electron microscopy showed cuticular wrinkling and spiracle collapse in dsCYP4G249-treated larvae. Silencing CYP4G249 also enhanced larval mortality following exposure to ethyl formate and methyl isothiocyanate. At the post-transcriptional level, Lse-novel_mir63 was shown to target the coding region of CYP4G249, and administration of Lse-novel_mir63 mimics suppressed CYP4G249 expression, recapitulating the RNAi phenotypes. Overexpression of Lse-novel_mir63 further increased larval susceptibility to fumigants.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Lse-novel_mir63 regulates CYP4G249 expression, controlling CHC biosynthesis, larval metamorphosis, and fumigant tolerance in L. serricorne. The CYP4G249-Lse-novel_mir63 axis represents a promising molecular target for RNAi- or miRNA-based pest management strategies, potentially enhancing fumigant efficacy while disrupting insect development. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42221948,
year = {2026},
author = {Hernández, FA and Rubio, AV and López-Pérez, AM},
title = {Editorial: Understanding pathogen spread in invasive vertebrate species.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1869931},
pmid = {42221948},
issn = {2297-1769},
}
@article {pmid42214658,
year = {2026},
author = {Tang, HB and Yang, XM and Lin, WY and Dang, W and Lu, HL},
title = {Divergent metabolic strategies under food limitation reveal physiological adaptive advantages of invasive Trachemys scripta elegans over native turtles.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular &amp; integrative physiology},
volume = {318},
number = {},
pages = {112028},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.112028},
pmid = {42214658},
issn = {1531-4332},
abstract = {Food limitation is a common ecological challenge for freshwater organisms and may have differential impacts on the performance of native and invasive species. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms for interspecific tolerance to food shortage remain poorly understood. Here, we compared serum and liver biochemical parameter, relative expression of genes related with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and metabolomic profile in two freshwater turtles, invasive Trachemys scripta elegans and native Mauremys sinensis, under prolonged food limitation to evaluate its differential effects between these species. Body mass loss under starvation was pronounced in M. sinensis, but minimal in T. scripta elegans. Food limitation reduced hepatosomatic index in both species, indicating the mobilization of liver energy reserves. Differential impact on serum glucose and lipid changes between species might indicate divergent substrate utilization strategies. Food limitation induced coordinated regulation of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and energy sensing pathways, accompanied by increased liver AMPK and CPT1 contents, particularly in T. scripta elegans. Live metabolomic analysis revealed broad perturbations in lipid and amino acid metabolism in M. sinensis, whereas more focused regulation of energy metabolic pathways in T. scripta elegans, potentially reflecting differential metabolic reprogramming. Collectively, our results demonstrate that higher metabolic flexibility and tighter regulation of energy metabolic pathways enable invasive turtles to better tolerate food limitation, and provide mechanistic insights into how physiological and metabolic traits contribute to invasion success under resource-limited environments.},
}
@article {pmid42217168,
year = {2026},
author = {Bas, JM and Artola, J and Canelles, Q and Roura-Pascual, N},
title = {Adapted Koldo Belasko trap: a promising tool to reduce yellow-legged hornet pressure on beehives.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toag150},
pmid = {42217168},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//Diputaci&#xf3; de Girona/ ; ARP147/21/000017//Departament d'Acci&#xf3; Clim&#xe0;tica, Alimentaci&#xf3; i Agenda Rural de la Generalitat de Catalunya/ ; },
abstract = {The European beekeeping sector is facing serious challenges due to the accidental arrival of the yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836). This invasive species undermines honeybee colonies and disrupts the workers' ability to forage effectively. Various control methods are currently used to manage this invasion. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a trap adapted from the design proposed by beekeeper Koldo Belasko, hereafter referred to as the Adapted Koldo Belasko (KBA) trap. We set up KBA traps across several apiaries within the Girona area (Catalonia, northeastern Spain) during 2023. The traps consistently captured high numbers of V. velutina and showed relatively high selectivity regarding non-target captures, particularly in the case of species smaller than V. velutina. These findings are highly relevant to the beekeeping sector and regulatory authorities, as they highlight how the KBA trap can help to prevent colony losses. Overall, the KBA trap is presented as a sustainable and environmentally friendly, for integrated hornet management in beekeeping.},
}
@article {pmid42217338,
year = {2026},
author = {Alvite, N and Barrientos, S and Barreiro, R and Piñeiro-Corbeira, C},
title = {Kelp forests as natural barriers against invasive turf-forming algae.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {220},
number = {},
pages = {108160},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108160},
pmid = {42217338},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Kelps are key foundation species on temperate and Artic rocky shores, forming structurally complex habitats that are increasingly being lost and replaced by turf-forming algae. This study aimed to document the transition from Laminaria ochroleuca forests to the proliferation of the invasive turf-forming red algae Falkenbergia rufolanosa, the tetrasporophyte stadium of Asparagopsis armata, in NW Spain. Seasonal surveys (winter, spring and autumn) were conducted over a five-year period across eight rocky reefs to analyze the abundance of kelps and the cover of the invasive species. Our results indicate that the cover of the Falkenbergia stadium was significantly lower in healthy reefs than in degraded ones. Additionally, we observed a general decline in the number of adult Laminaria ochroleuca individuals across both healthy and degraded reef. The results of our study support the idea that healthy kelp forests could act as barriers to invasive turf species, while degraded forests may facilitate their spread. This resistance to invasion underscores the ecological importance of kelp forests and highlights the need for conservation and restoration strategies.},
}
@article {pmid42217815,
year = {2026},
author = {Lamas, ZS and Chen, Y and Niño, EL and Boncristiani, D and Mayack, C and Seshadri, A and Fine, J and Evans, JD},
title = {Chemical residues in declining commercial honey bee colonies.},
journal = {Environmental toxicology and pharmacology},
volume = {124},
number = {},
pages = {105048},
doi = {10.1016/j.etap.2026.105048},
pmid = {42217815},
issn = {1872-7077},
abstract = {Following heightened colony losses, we screened 132 colonies from 23 commercial beekeeping operations in the states of Florida and California. We assessed chemical residues, finding beekeeper-applied miticides, followed by fungicides, were in the highest prevalence and concentration in all colony matrices. Insecticides comprised a minority of detections and concentration. Due to their heightened toxicity, insecticides contributed substantially to hazard quotients with one residue, the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, contributing 99.9% to overall HQ. We found both high prevalence and high levels of imidacloprid in adult bee bodies. Additionally, we preserved a small subsample of dying bees. Our findings highlight a survivorship bias, where dying bees had active ingredients known to have acute toxicity to bees. This result mirrors recent evidence for viral drivers of bee declines that were missed in whole-colony surveys. While bees die from multiple, often interacting, stressors, here we show single contributors at levels capable of causing acute harm.},
}
@article {pmid40911020,
year = {2026},
author = {Fulcher, MR and Larkin, R and Johnson, A and Tewksbury, L and Tancos, MA},
title = {A Foliar Disease of Invasive Black Swallow-Wort (Vincetoxicum nigrum) Caused by Boeremia exigua.},
journal = {Plant disease},
volume = {110},
number = {5},
pages = {1519-1523},
doi = {10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0684-SC},
pmid = {40911020},
issn = {0191-2917},
mesh = {*Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Ascomycota/physiology/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; Plant Weeds/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Black swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum nigrum) is an aggressive invasive vine infesting pastures and fields in the northeastern United States. An unknown fungal pathogen was recovered from foliar lesions occurring on black swallow-wort at two locations in Rhode Island in 2022 and was identified as Boeremia exigua based on morphological and molecular descriptions of eight isolates. The potential weed biological control value of a single isolate, FDWSRU 22-216, was evaluated through colonized agar block and conidial spray inoculations of black swallow-wort. Minor leaf-spotting and tip die-back symptoms were reproduced under controlled conditions but did not appear to substantially reduce the health of infected plants. Because broad host range pathogen species found on weeds may pose a disease threat to crops, cultivated plants including tomato, barley, sunflower, and flax were evaluated for susceptibility to the pathogen. None of these crops developed disease symptoms following inoculation with B. exigua, suggesting that the pathogen population associated with black swallow-wort poses little direct risk to crop production. However, using taxon-specific markers, two B. exigua genotypes, including one that does not correspond to existing reference material, were described. Although both genotypes grew most rapidly at 25°C in vitro, the dominant genotype was capable of higher growth rates at 30°C, suggesting potential phenotypic differentiation. This study reports the first instance of B. exigua on a swallow-wort species and highlights the potential for widespread invasive plants to harbor previously undescribed pathogen genotypic diversity. Although B. exigua has limited potential as a living biological control agent for black swallow-wort, the isolates from this study should be further screened for production of phytotoxic secondary metabolites with weed-suppressive activity.},
}
@article {pmid42034284,
year = {2026},
author = {Opara, E and Lee, HE and Lee, HW and Bia, MM and Kim, S and Choe, S},
title = {Infection status of helminth fauna in native and non-native freshwater fish in Jukdang stream, Korea.},
journal = {Parasitology international},
volume = {114},
number = {},
pages = {103287},
doi = {10.1016/j.parint.2026.103287},
pmid = {42034284},
issn = {1873-0329},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology/epidemiology ; *Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology/epidemiology ; Fresh Water ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Rivers ; *Helminths/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Fishes/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Non-native species are known to pose threat to the ecological stability of indigenous communities following the introduction of pathogens into the new range thereby potentially altering the function of the ecosystem. Understanding the parasite diversity and pattern of assemblage in their introduced habitat is critical in addressing host-parasite interactions especially in environments exposed to human-mediated pressures such as heat polluted wastewater. However, despite marked environmental changes in the Korean aquatic system, parasite fauna and community structure in co-occurring native and non-native freshwater fish have gained less attention. Our study investigates for the first time the helminth infections in native and non-native freshwater fish inhabiting a thermally stable stream in the Republic of Korea. The findings showed that all non-native host species including Poecilia reticulata were parasite-free throughout the sampling period, suggesting a potential enemy release from the fish host during its introduction which may limit parasite establishment and thus contribute to their invasive success. In contrast, all helminth infections were restricted to native fish species with 22 (32.4%) of fish hosts infected in total. Misgurnus spp. and Rhodeus ocellatus exhibited more diverse helminth fauna and highest infection intensities, respectively. The most frequently encountered were trematode larval stages of Opisthorchiidae gen. sp. and Cyathocotyle sp., with continued seasonal presence in Misgurnus spp., indicating its probable role in maintaining transmission cycles. This finding enhances our understanding of parasite dynamics in a disturbed freshwater system and further raises concerns on the parasite exposure and zoonotic risk in residents of this environment.},
}
@article {pmid42207239,
year = {2026},
author = {Moxley, FI and Ricciardi, A},
title = {Protecting earth from extraterrestrial contamination: The case for a lunar biocontainment facility.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42207239},
issn = {1654-7209},
abstract = {The advancement of space exploration into an era of sample return missions from Mars, asteroids, and icy moons raises the potential for biological contamination either to or from Earth. We consider the possibility that extraterrestrial organisms introduced to Earth could behave analogously to invasive species by destabilizing ecosystems or interacting unpredictably with their new environment. There are myriad cases of microbial organisms rapidly adapting to novel extreme conditions, undermining the notion that extraterrestrial life (e.g., indigenous to Mars) would be unable to survive on Earth. The plausibility of encountering extraterrestrial life warrants stringent planetary protection measures grounded in biosafety and biosecurity principles. Due to its proximity, natural isolation, and apparent lack of a biosphere, the Moon can serve as a secure site for biocontainment of extraterrestrial samples. Building upon historical lessons from biological invasions, we argue that a lunar quarantine infrastructure should form the cornerstone of modern astrobiological risk mitigation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid42209247,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, SX and Zheng, JL and Yang, YX and Wang, RH},
title = {[Application of sniffer dog detection in the prevention and control of biological invasions: Principles, practices, and prospects].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {965-974},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202603.038},
pmid = {42209247},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Dogs ; *Odorants/analysis ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; China ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions, as a long-term and latent biological threat, pose significant hazards. There is global consensus on the importance of early detection and targeted control measures for invasive species. Traditional detection methods have certain limitations and often fail to meet the requirement of rapid and accurate identification. As an emerging detection technique, sniffer dog technology can, to some extent, overcome these shortcomings and provide crucial support for early detection and rapid response to biological invasions. It also offers valuable leads and evidence for the judicial prevention and control of crimes related to invasive species. We explored the principles of using sniffer dogs to detect invasive animals, plants, and microorganisms, systematically elaborated on the practical applications and advantages of this technology in terms of universality, sensitivity, accuracy, cost, and efficiency, and highlighted the main challenges. Furthermore, we proposed recommendations such as strengthening risk assessment for invasive species, establishing odor sample databases, improving training techniques for detection dogs, and developing standardized protocols, with the aim of providing a reference for the wider adoption and application of this technology in China.},
}
@article {pmid42209600,
year = {2026},
author = {Gebrehiwot, K and Szymura, M},
title = {Spatial patterns and policy implications of invasive flora in the Horn of Africa.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-54640-8},
pmid = {42209600},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {BNI/ULM/2024/1/00074/U/00001//Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants are fast-spreading species that pose serious and often irreversible threats to native biodiversity. This study presents a regional-scale analysis of the elevational distribution of invasive plant species, their relationship with road proximity, and their presence across different land uses. Data were synthesized following the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses protocol using multiple databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 250 invasive species distributed in 63 families were documented. The dominant families were Fabaceae (16.8%), Asteraceae (9.6%) and Poaceae (6.4%). Herb was the predominant growth form, accounting for 47.6%, while liana/shrub was the least represented at just 1.2%. The native range of the species were predominantly Neotropical (30%) and African (23.1%). About 5.1% of the species were either helophytes or aquatic. Furthermore, nine (3.6%) of them were either hemiparasites or holoparasites. Kenya and Ethiopia had the highest records of invasive plant species, while Djibouti and Eritrea had the lowest. Invasive species declined significantly with increasing elevation (P < 0.001) and were declining further from roads (P < 0.008). Most occurrences were recorded in cultivated areas (33.51%), shrublands (23.1%), and urban or built-up regions (16.66%). The study highlights four main factors: (1) lack of reported protocols for assessing impact and classifying invasiveness, (2) potential 'snowball effect' in reporting, (3) paucity of data on invasive species and (4) lack of proper definition of operational terms. As a result, the number of invasive species reported in this study may not accurately represent the true extent in the region. To address this, it is recommended to develop or adopt region-specific, expert-led assessment tools and establish a collaborative framework for managing invasive plant species.},
}
@article {pmid42210590,
year = {2026},
author = {Hong, J and Lee, M and Kim, Y and Lee, YS and Wee, J and Song, J and Kim, T and Park, JJ and Kraxner, F and Lee, WK and Song, Y and Cho, K},
title = {Integrating habitat suitability, socioeconomics, and infrastructure to assess global biological invasion risk under climate change: A case study of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70952},
pmid = {42210590},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Ministry of Education - South Korea/ ; //Korea Ministry of Environment/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Biological invasion risk is a multifaceted concept that, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), results from the likelihood of entry, establishment, and dispersal, along with the potential impact magnitude. Based on this definition, we developed a national-scale risk index using normalization and entropy-based objective weights. The striped rice stem borer (RSB, Chilo suppressalis) was used as a case study to demonstrate global invasion risk under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. Our framework integrated key data, including trade volume, transportation networks, cropland cover, irrigation, the Ecoclimate Index (EI) from the CLIMEX model, and rice harvest area to construct likelihood, and magnitude criteria. The final risk index (Risk) was calculated by multiplying likelihood and magnitude.<br><br>RESULTS: Substantial inhabitable areas (EI&#x2009;>&#x2009;0) exist in Africa (60.7% of land area), North America (36.1%), and South America (85.6%). Risk was highest in South America (0.21), followed by Africa (0.18), North America (0.17), and Europe (0.08). Under SSPs, climate and land cover changes are projected to intensify regional differences in invasion risk. Risk is expected to increase in South America under all SSPs and in Europe under SSP585. In contrast, Risk is projected to decline in North America under all SSPs, while in Africa it shows a slight increase around the 2050s before decreasing.<br><br>CONCLUSION: RSB has sufficient potential to threaten global food security. Given the varied regional patterns of risk components, proactive, region-specific biosecurity measures are essential for high-risk hotspots. The proposed framework provides a valuable tool for pest risk assessment. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42211485,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, QM and Wang, R and Hao, LF and Xu, CD and Wang, H and Lin, KJ},
title = {Mechanisms underlying patchy distribution pattern and spread of the invasive species Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) in the Agro-Pastoral region of Northern China.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1809773},
pmid = {42211485},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Understanding the mechanisms driving patchy distribution patterns is crucial for managing invasive species. This study investigates the multi-vector dispersal dynamics underlying the patchy spread of Solanum rostratum in the Agro-Pastoral Region of Northern China.<br><br>METHODS: We integrated spatial analysis of historical and field&#x2011;collected occurrence data, mechanistic simulations, and field experiments to quantify dispersal by wind, vehicles, and animals. A Gamma Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was used to attribute variation in empirically derived minimum arrival speeds to different vectors and their interactions.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 103 spatially clustered patches with strong directional alignment to roads but not rivers. Wind&#x2011;mediated dispersal was limited (<0.12 km/year), whereas vehicle&#x2011; and animal&#x2011;mediated epizoochory showed higher potential (0.08-0.58 and 0.44-0.56&#x202f;km/year, respectively). Statistical models attributed 64.3% of the variance in spread speed to these three vectors, with vehicle dispersal being the most influential single factor. Synergistic interactions among vectors significantly enhanced local, within&#x2011;patch spread. However, observed long&#x2011;distance, inter&#x2011;patch dispersal speeds (up to 1,746&#x202f;km/year) vastly exceeded the capacity of any natural vector or their synergy, implicating human&#x2011;mediated transport of contaminated materials as the primary driver of regional colonization.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that patchy invasions can arise from distinct mechanisms operating at different scales: local synergistic dispersal among natural and anthropogenic vectors, and long&#x2011;distance jump dispersal via human activities. Effective management therefore requires dual strategies targeting local vector synergy and regional pathways of human&#x2011;assisted spread.},
}
@article {pmid42211857,
year = {2026},
author = {Abubakar, I and Šinžar-Sekulić, JB and Sabovljevic, MS and Pantović, JP},
title = {The current distribution of an invasive moss species Campylopus introflexus (Leucobryaceae) and models of its future range dynamics in two contrasting climatic scenarios in Europe.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e177294},
pmid = {42211857},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {Campylopus introflexus is a suboceanic temperate moss species native to the Southern Hemisphere. It was unintentionally introduced to north-western Europe in the first half of the previous century and it has become invasive. The species continues to expand its European range, spreading eastwards, yet its potential distribution is still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify suitable areas for the potential further spread of this neophytic invasive species across Europe and to assess the impact of climate change on its spread, in order to be considered in flora conservation, protection and management strategies for local bryophytes as well as other low-competitive plant species. We used various species distribution models in two climatic scenarios. These models predicted the current, potential and future ranges of C. introflexus in Europe. Based on these models, we identified the main environmental factors affecting its distribution and analysed the changes in suitable habitats under future climatic conditions. Temperature seasonality proved to be the most important environmental factor influencing the distribution of this species. In general, the results suggest that, under the influence of climate change and rising global temperatures, this species will decrease its range size, while the most suitable habitats are expected to shift towards higher latitudes and/or altitudes in the future. These findings support climate as the limiting factor in species expansion, providing a basis for targeted monitoring of the species and key areas in the future.},
}
@article {pmid42212118,
year = {2026},
author = {Juhász, A and Ali, M and Jones, S and Ngo, C and Guerra, PC and LaCourse, EJ and Juma, O and Ame, SM and Stothard, JR},
title = {An alien intermediate host snail, Radix rubiginosa (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), on Unguja Island, Zanzibar.},
journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife},
volume = {30},
number = {},
pages = {101237},
pmid = {42212118},
issn = {2213-2244},
abstract = {In June 2025, two unusual populations of lymnaeid snails were encountered within peri-urban freshwater habitats of Unguja Island, Zanzibar (United Republic of Tanzania). These were noted within a wider malacological survey for freshwater intermediate host snails across twenty-one locations. Using an integrative taxonomic approach combining conchology and anatomy (n = 21) with mitochondrial 16S rDNA (n = 8) and mitochondrial cox1 (n = 3) sequence information, these lymnaeids were identified as Radix rubiginosa (Michelin, 1831). This is a first observation of this Southeast Asian alien species in East Africa, adding to its prior reports in South Africa. While no intrapopulation DNA sequence diversity was detected, very high DNA sequence similarities [16S rDNA(>99.4%) and cox1 (>99.6%] were noted, foremost with a Southeast Asian aquarium population. Upon field collection and then later by laboratory inspections (n=150), no trematode larvae were observed either upon cercarial shedding or by dissections. Furthermore, ad hoc parasitological screening of faeces from local cattle (n = 10) yielded no trematode eggs. Nonetheless, we raise a new regional surveillance flag for snail-borne diseases potentially transmissible by this alien intermediate host in Zanzibar.},
}
@article {pmid42213359,
year = {2026},
author = {Larios, E and Verver, A and Chesson, P},
title = {Coexistence mechanisms for herbaceous plants in arid ecosystems.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42213359},
issn = {1618-0860},
abstract = {How do herbaceous plant species coexist in the diverse communities of the arid ecosystems of the world? We review understanding for southwestern North America where these communities are threatened by invasive species and climate change. Relative abundances of these species fluctuate from year to year due to their different regeneration niches (germination and growth requirements), which are sensitive to environmental fluctuations. Such regeneration niche differences were an early hypothesis, with much support, for how these species coexist. Seed predation provides other coexistence mechanisms supported by empirical studies. Indeed, dramatic effects of seed predators on community dynamics have been observed through the controls they impose on invasive plant species. Various studies have included measurements of frequency-dependent predation whereby seed predators shift their preferences to the most abundant species as densities change, and predator partitioning, where the different prey species have different patterns of susceptibility to the various predator species. Due to insufficient studies of predator partitioning, we conducted proof-of-concept experiments on seed predation by ants in an herbaceous plant community in the Sonoran Desert. We show that various ant species discriminate differently between the various plant species, meaning that the plant species have different seed-predation niches, potentially contributing to their coexistence. More extensive studies are needed to assess the roles of seed predators in maintaining the diversity of these plant communities. Deficient also, are studies of density feedback that measure how much a specific mechanism promotes recovery of a species from low density, and allows that species to coexist with other members of the plant community. Failure to assess such density feedback empirically in coexistence studies is pervasive and weakens empirical claims for most mechanisms of species coexistence. Key advances can be made by developing and implementing methods to link density feedback to proposed mechanisms in the field.},
}
@article {pmid41455029,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, W and Fristoe, TS and Davis, AJS and Dawson, W and Essl, F and Kreft, H and Pergl, J and Pyšek, P and Weigelt, P and Winter, M and van Kleunen, M},
title = {Differences in characteristics between naturalized threatened plants and other threatened plants.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {e70201},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70201},
pmid = {41455029},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {202106100035//China Scholarship Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Endangered Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Plants/classification ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Many non-native plant species introduced by humans have become naturalized. At the same time many species are threatened in their native range. However, the number of plant species threatened in their native range that are naturalized elsewhere remains unknown. So too does the set of characteristics that distinguishes such species from other threatened species. For vascular plant species, we combined information from databases on threat status and naturalization success and information on growth forms, economic uses, and native and non-native ranges to identify plants that are threatened in their native range but naturalized in their non-native range. Among the 26,036 species assessed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, only 238 (∼1%) were naturalized elsewhere. Most of the species threatened in their native range that are naturalized elsewhere were trees or shrubs of economic value, for example, for building materials and landscaping. More threatened species than expected were naturalized in Europe, and these include species from nearly all continents. Although Africa was the largest source of species threatened in their native range but naturalized elsewhere in absolute numbers, the numbers were lower than expected due to the continent's overall large number of threatened species. Only a few threatened plant species have become naturalized, and they differed in some of their characteristics, including growth form, native origin, threats, and economic use, from other threatened species.},
}
@article {pmid42204173,
year = {2026},
author = {Torres-Cambas, Y and Ambrus, A and Bán, M and Bánó, B and Basooma, A and Bremerich, V and Borgwardt, F and Čarf, M and Cernisencu, I and Cvijanović, G and Czeglédi, I and Domisch, S and Erős, T and Fehér, Z and Füstös, V and Geist, J and Hein, T and Jaćimović, M and Jähnig, SC and Kiss, B and Kubala, M and Lebar, K and Margaritova, BK and Marušić, M and Meulenbroek, P and Mihov, SD and Mozsár, A and Müller, Z and Nagel, C and Nichersu, I and Nikolić, D and Orlić, S and Pander, J and Pengal, P and Piria, M and Polyák, L and Preiszner, B and Rusjan, S and Sallai, M and Sallai, Z and Sály, P and Samu, A and Sasano, B and Schmidt-Kloiber, A and Sevcsik, A and Smederevac-Lalić, M and Specziár, A and Stoffers, T and Szalóky, Z and Szita, R and Takács, G and Takács, P and Teichert, M and Todorov, M and Tóth, B and Trichkova, T and Valić, D and Vitál, Z and Tschikof, M},
title = {The Danube Fish Database: documenting species distributions across a major European river basin.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42204173},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes ; *Rivers ; Europe ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity ; *Databases, Factual ; Climate Change ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The Danube River Basin (DRB) harbors the highest documented fish species richness of any European river, yet native populations face increasing threats from physical infrastructures that impede longitudinal and lateral connectivity, unsustainable fisheries, the introduction of non-native species, and climate change. Spanning across 19 countries, the DRB presents conservation challenges that demand coordinated, transboundary data sharing. The present database compiles and standardizes fish occurrence datasets that have been previously unavailable, fragmented and often restricted by federal agencies, research institutes, and conservation organizations, integrating also data from sources such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the Joint Danube Surveys, the European Fish Index, and national monitoring programmes. It contains 133,131 occurrence records across 114 fish species, representing 30 families and 17 orders, with a temporal range from 1856 to 2024, organized into 39 columns. By supporting fish community conservation, invasive alien species monitoring, and climate impact assessments, this database provides a vital resource for developing evidence-based management strategies in the DRB.},
}
@article {pmid42206889,
year = {2026},
author = {Ram, M and von Pein, J and Thomsen, F},
title = {Noise emissions from ultrasonic antifouling and their potential effects on marine mammals.},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
volume = {159},
number = {5},
pages = {4797-4805},
doi = {10.1121/10.0043895},
pmid = {42206889},
issn = {1520-8524},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biofouling/prevention &amp; control ; Transducers ; *Ships ; *Noise/adverse effects ; *Ultrasonics/instrumentation ; Time Factors ; Acoustics/instrumentation ; Sound Spectrography ; Behavior, Animal ; Models, Theoretical ; *Ultrasonic Waves/adverse effects ; Equipment Design ; Motion ; },
abstract = {Biofouling on ship hulls increases drag, fuel consumption, and therefore greenhouse gas emissions. It also contributes to the spread of invasive species and can clog seawater cooling systems. Ultrasonic antifouling is an emerging technology that employs high-frequency vibrations to inhibit organism attachment, which can potentially reduce biofouling. Commercial shipping is already a major source of mostly low-frequency underwater radiated noise. The use of ultrasonic antifouling equipment raises concern whether the additional high-frequency noise emissions significantly increase the acoustic stress on marine mammals. This study evaluates the noise emissions of ultrasonic antifouling transducers installed on a tanker and a diving vessel. Underwater noise measurements and numerical propagation modeling were combined to assess the environmental side effects of the emitted underwater noise on marine mammals. The acoustical results are compared with thresholds defining the onset of a behavioral response as well as hearing impairment. It was found that sensitive species, such as harbor porpoise, can experience behavioral effects up to distances of 3 km.},
}
@article {pmid42191790,
year = {2026},
author = {Nekhaev, IO and Ishayeva, AA and Omarova, A and Zhuniszhanov, E},
title = {Climatic and anthropogenic factors shape the Asian range expansion of the invasive slug Arion vulgaris.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-54379-2},
pmid = {42191790},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {BR24993060//Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan/ ; },
abstract = {The Spanish slug Arion vulgaris is one of Europe's most problematic terrestrial invaders yet, its distribution beyond the continent has remained poorly resolved. Outside Europe, the species has only sporadically been reported from North America, the Caucasus and a few isolated sites in the Southern Hemisphere, and its presence in most of Asia has been considered unlikely by previous climate-only models. Here we combine targeted field surveys, integrative taxonomy and ensemble species distribution modelling to reassess the extra-European range of Arion vulgaris and to understand how climatic and anthropogenic factors jointly shape its invasion potential in Asia. We provide the first reliably documented record of Arion vulgaris in Central Asia, based on concordant morphological and COI-based genetic evidence from a population in the northern Tien Shan. We then construct a global niche model for the Arion vulgaris-Arion rufus-Arion ater complex using climatic predictors and land-cover fractions representing intensive agriculture, mosaic agro-natural landscapes and urban areas, and analyse predictor importance and partial dependence across a grid of Asian subregions with a European control area. Climatic variables dominate the overall model, constraining the broad potential range of the species, but in Central Asia, including the Western, Northern and Central Tien Shan, urban land cover emerges as a key predictor, allowing high predicted suitability in settlement mosaics embedded within otherwise climatically marginal mountain and continental environments. Compared with climate-only projections, our model substantially expands the area classified as suitable in Asia. These results imply an ongoing and largely undetected eastward expansion of the Arion vulgaris-Arion rufus-Arion ater group and highlight the need to interpret niche models in the context of land-use patterns when assessing invasion risks and potential impacts on endemic montane faunas.},
}
@article {pmid42193779,
year = {2026},
author = {Burnett, JW and Ohnstad, H and Hardege, JD and Bartels-Hardege, HD},
title = {Trapping Callinectes sapidus (Atlantic Blue Crab) in the Mediterranean: What Can Be Learned from Carcinus maenas (European Green Crab) Pest Management.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16101488},
pmid = {42193779},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Invasive marine crustaceans present ecological and socio-economic challenges, particularly where high fecundity, behavioural plasticity, and environmental tolerance limit the effectiveness of conventional control measures. The Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, has expanded across the Mediterranean, where it exerts strong predatory pressure on native species and aquaculture resources, yet management efforts rely largely on traditional baited trapping. Drawing on extensive evidence from the global management of the European green crab, Carcinus maenas, we evaluate why conventional trapping has failed to achieve sustained population suppression in invasive brachyuran crabs. We synthesise lessons from green crab control to identify common biological and operational constraints, including rapid compensatory population responses, bycatch, and limited behavioural selectivity. We then examine the potential of semiochemical-based strategies-incorporating olfactory cues-within an integrated pest management (IPM) framework. Semiochemical-enhanced approaches offer the capacity to directly exploit species-specific sensory ecology, improve trap selectivity, and reduce non-target impacts, addressing fundamental limitations of existing methods. We argue that prioritising such IPM, rather than further optimisation of traditional trapping alone, represents the most realistic pathway for long-term mitigation of C. sapidus in the Mediterranean. While eradication remains improbable, strategically deployed semiochemical-based control could substantially enhance suppression efficiency and inform broader invasive species management.},
}
@article {pmid42194958,
year = {2026},
author = {Rysiak, A and Sowa, S and Kulik, M and Koroluk, A and Lech, J and Kacorzyk, P and Klarzyńska, A and Wyłupek, T and Paczos-Grzęda, E},
title = {Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Reveal Post-Introduction Differentiation in Heracleum sosnowskyi.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/genes17050502},
pmid = {42194958},
issn = {2073-4425},
mesh = {*Genetic Variation ; *Heracleum/genetics ; Poland ; *Introduced Species ; Russia ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Phylogeny ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Lithuania ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sosnowsky's hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi, which originated in the Greater Caucasus region and spread rapidly across Central and Eastern Europe after being introduced as cattle fodder in the 1950s, is an example of an extremely dangerous invasive species listed by the European Union. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity of 6 native populations of Sosnowsky's hogweed from the Caucasus region of Russia and Georgia, as well as 15 invasive populations from Lithuania and Poland, and to assess the adaptability of hogweed in new environments.<br><br>METHODS: Genetic analyses of plant material were conducted, including DNA extraction, ISSR genotyping, PCR product separation, and subsequent molecular data mining and analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A pairwise Mantel test revealed a positive correlation between geographical distance and the genetic diversity of the hogweed populations. The presence of three distinct allele pools was confirmed in the populations under study, with genotypes from Poland dominated by the first allele pool, which had the largest number of polymorphic and private loci. Analysis of molecular variance by origin showed that 99% of the variation was within the analysed hogweed populations, with only 1% being between them. Native populations from Russia were genetically distinct from those in Poland and Lithuania. Some of the Georgian population shows genetic similarities to Russians, while the rest shows similarities to the secondary invasive Lithuanians.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Introduced populations of H. sosnowskyi are characterised by considerable genetic variation, likely resulting from multiple introductions and subsequent evolutionary processes, which may facilitate local adaptation and invasiveness, although overall large-scale genetic differentiation remains low.},
}
@article {pmid42195266,
year = {2026},
author = {Sosa, B and Romero, D and Guerrero, JC and Aranda, M and Achkar, M},
title = {Beyond Global Models: Mapping the Spatially Contingent Relationship Between Soil Sand Content and Woody Invasion.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/life16050709},
pmid = {42195266},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {BDDX_2016_1%40599629//Comisi&#xf3;n Sectorial de Investigaci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica/ ; },
abstract = {Riparian ecosystems are being increasingly threatened by hydrological alteration and biological invasions, yet the role of local environmental heterogeneity in shaping invasion dynamics remains poorly understood. To address this, we tested the hypothesis that invasion patterns are spatially structured and therefore cannot be fully captured by global statistical models. We evaluated this hypothesis by analysing the relationship between soil sand content and the abundance of Gleditsia triacanthos in a riparian forest of the Esteros de Farrapos and Islands of the Uruguay River National Park, Uruguay. Generalized Linear Mixed Model revealed no significant relationship between soil sand content and G. triacanthos abundance (χ[2] = 1.93, p = 0.17). In contrast, spatially explicit analyses showed that relationships between sand content and abundance were spatially contingent. Positive linear relationships predominated in areas with low sand content (mean 24.5%, n = 12), while negative relationships were restricted to the highest sand levels (mean 87.6%, n = 3). Intermediate sand-content zones (mean 47%, n = 16) showed no consistent patterns. These results suggest that invasion patterns vary across spatial contexts and may reflect the influence of different processes operating locally, indicating that relying solely on global analyses risks misinterpreting drivers and overlooking fine-scale variation. Our findings emphasize that understanding invasive species in heterogeneous systems requires considering whether mechanisms operate at local or broad scales, and that explicitly analyzing spatial structure can guide both hypothesis formulation and field study design.},
}
@article {pmid42196300,
year = {2026},
author = {Begum, N and Noreen, S and Badshah, F and Ismail, AM and Kanaan, MHG and Ullah, I and Alsabih, AO and Almutairi, S and Alabbad, AF and Abdel-Maksoud, MA and Kubra, S and Rahman, HU},
title = {Phylogeography and Population Structure of the Invasive Land Snail Monacha cartusiana.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27104318},
pmid = {42196300},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {KFU261311//King Faisal University/ ; ORF-2026-470//King Saud University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Phylogeography ; Haplotypes ; Genetic Variation ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Snails/genetics/classification ; *Introduced Species ; Genetics, Population ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; },
abstract = {Monacha cartusiana (O. F. Müller, 1774), native to the Mediterranean region and Europe, is a terrestrial gastropod recognized as a highly destructive agricultural pest that causes significant damage to crop plants, fruit trees, vegetables, ornamentals, and natural ecosystems. Despite its broad geographic distribution, the evolutionary history and phylogeographic relationships of M. cartusiana populations remain globally unexplored. This study reports the first molecularly confirmed record of M. cartusiana in Pakistan and investigates its genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure within a global context using mitochondrial markers. After morphological identification, genomic DNA was extracted from collected specimens using the CTAB method, followed by amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes. The resulting sequences were subsequently analyzed using DnaSP and PopART software to estimate genetic diversity, perform neutrality tests, and construct haplotype networks. Published sequences of M. cartusiana retrieved from GenBank were incorporated to provide a global comparative framework. The COI dataset (555 bp) revealed 52 haplotypes, whereas the 16S rRNA dataset (269 bp) identified 14 haplotypes across global populations. High haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.946 for COI; Hd = 0.831 for 16S rRNA) and moderate nucleotide diversity (π = 0.010 for COI; π = 0.01253 for 16S rRNA) indicated substantial genetic variability within the species. Neutrality tests produced negative and insignificant values for Tajima's D for COI and significant values for 16S rRNA (-1.428 for COI; -0.20586 for 16S rRNA) and Fu's Fs (-29.776 for COI; -1.263 for 16S rRNA), suggesting historical population expansion. Phylogenetic reconstruction and haplotype network analyses identified two major clades (Clade A and Clade B), reflecting genetic relationships among populations from different geographic regions. AMOVA based on COI and 16S rRNA sequences revealed significant population structuring, with 29.98-51.30% of the total genetic variation occurring among populations and high fixation indices (FST = 0.299-0.51398, p = 0.001), indicating pronounced genetic differentiation and restricted gene flow. Pairwise FST analyses indicated that the Pakistani population is most closely related to populations from Italy and Central Europe, suggesting a closer genetic affinity with Southern or Central European populations. However, FST alone does not allow definitive inference of introduction directionality, and additional analyses would be required to robustly identify the source population. Overall, this study provides the first comprehensive molecular and phylogeographic assessment of the M. cartusiana species from Pakistan within a global context. These findings contribute important baseline data for understanding the evolutionary dynamics, dispersal history, and population connectivity of this economically important pest species. The pronounced genetic differentiation among populations and the suggested genetic affinity of the Pakistani population with European lineages have direct implications for biosecurity monitoring, invasion pathway tracing, and targeted pest management strategies. Future research integrating nuclear markers with the mitochondrial data presented here will be essential for a more complete understanding of gene flow and local adaptation in this species.},
}
@article {pmid42197704,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, P and Li, B and He, L and Chen, Y and Yang, H and Abbas, A},
title = {Differential Responses in Wedelia trilobata and Wedelia chinensis Under Light Stress: Roles of Abscisic Acid and Sodium Tungstate.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15101570},
pmid = {42197704},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Light availability is a primary determinant of plant growth and a key factor influencing the success of alien plant invasions. Although the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a known master regulator of abiotic stress responses, its specific role in the shade tolerance and competitive advantage of invasive species remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comparative experiment using the highly invasive Wedelia trilobata and its native congener, Wedelia chinensis. We investigated their eco-physiological responses to normal (100%) and low-light (30%) intensities, coupled with the application of exogenous ABA (A1) and the biosynthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate (S1). Our results showed that low light significantly inhibited the growth and photosynthetic capacity of both species, reducing biomass and net photosynthetic rate Pn. However, exogenous ABA application specifically enhanced the Pn and biomass of the invasive W. trilobata under low-light stress, while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and optimizing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT). Conversely, the inhibition of endogenous ABA by sodium tungstate exacerbated oxidative damage and photosynthetic decline in both species, with a more pronounced negative impact on W. trilobata. Correlation analysis further revealed that W. trilobata maintains a superior capacity to coordinate stomatal regulation and antioxidant defense through ABA signaling. These findings suggest that the invasive success of W. trilobata in fluctuating light environments is significantly driven by its high sensitivity and efficiency in ABA-mediated physiological plasticity, providing a potential target for managing its spread through hormonal or metabolic interference.},
}
@article {pmid42198485,
year = {2026},
author = {Maganza, A and Zicarelli, G and Esposito, G and Cotugno, A and Gabetti, A and Mossotto, C and Merialdi, A and Provenza, F and Anselmi, S and Pezzolato, M and Bozzetta, E and Renzi, M and Prearo, M and Faggio, C and Turolla, E and Elia, AC and Pastorino, P},
title = {The Invasive Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus as a Model for Assessing Sub-Lethal Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol.},
journal = {Toxics},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/toxics14050358},
pmid = {42198485},
issn = {2305-6304},
abstract = {Polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs) are synthetic, water-soluble polymers widely used in industrial, medical, and personal care products. Their slow biodegradation raises concerns about potential impacts on marine ecosystems. This study examined how PVA exposure affects the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, an invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea. Crabs were exposed to three PVA concentrations (0.5, 5, and 25 mg L[-1]) along with a control group, for periods of 10 and 20 days. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation levels in muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas. Cell viability in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas was also evaluated. The results showed that hepatopancreas cells were more sensitive than hemolymph cells. Oxidative stress increased with exposure time and concentration, as indicated by elevated antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation. After 10 days, early detoxification responses were observed, while after 20 days of exposure, clear dose- and time-dependent trends were evident, highlighting an intensification of physiological dysfunctions with increasing PVA concentrations and prolonged exposure duration. The histopathological observations showed limited alterations in muscle and hepatopancreas tissue but evident structural changes in gill tissues, particularly after prolonged exposure. The findings reveal a concentration- and time-dependent biological response to PVA, highlighting physiological changes at higher exposure levels and the need for further research on environmental consequences.},
}
@article {pmid42198693,
year = {2026},
author = {Kuchipudi, SV and Chothe, SK and Ramasamy, S and Holt, JS and Vann, I and Hoyt, RA and Hoffman, AM and Bilec, M and Escalante, AA and Fetter, JR and States, S and Lichtveld, M},
title = {Building a Statewide One Health Network: Report from the Inaugural Pennsylvania One Health Consortium Annual Meeting, 2025.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v18050490},
pmid = {42198693},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {NA//University of Pittsburgh/ ; NA//Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Pennsylvania ; Humans ; Animals ; *One Health ; Public Health ; Zoonoses/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Public Health Infrastructure ; },
abstract = {The inaugural Pennsylvania One Health Consortium Annual Meeting brought together partners from universities, state agencies, public health, veterinary, agriculture, industry, and community organizations to align around a shared One Health agenda. The program highlighted zoonotic threats, antimicrobial stewardship, wildlife and ecosystem health, invasive species, and climate-sensitive hazards. Participants affirmed privacy-preserving data exchange, projects integrating genomic epidemiology with field and environmental surveillance, cross-disciplinary education, and transparent governance, concluding with a phased roadmap for an integrated statewide One Health framework.},
}
@article {pmid42200279,
year = {2026},
author = {Moon, J and Fraser, JL and Abram, PK},
title = {An introduced parasitoid enables host range expansion of a resident parasitoid.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2025.0851},
pmid = {42200279},
issn = {1744-957X},
support = {//Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Drosophila/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Host Specificity ; Larva/parasitology ; Female ; },
abstract = {Native consumers can behave maladaptively towards invasive species, with evolution of behavioural or physiological traits thought to be the main way out of these 'evolutionary traps'. However, shorter term ecological processes resulting from biological invasions could provide other ways to escape evolutionary traps. Asobara cf. rufescens, a resident (i.e. possibly native or previously introduced) parasitoid of drosophilid fly larvae in North America, can rarely produce offspring on the invasive fruit pest Drosophila suzukii in the laboratory, but often emerges from field-collected D. suzukii. We hypothesized that the successful development of the resident parasitoid in the invasive host in the field is made possible by Leptopilina japonica, a recently introduced parasitoid of D. suzukii. In laboratory experiments, we found that the resident parasitoid had more than 30-fold higher offspring emergence in the invasive host when the recently introduced parasitoid was also present. The resident parasitoid was only able to develop when it parasitized the host after the introduced parasitoid, possibly because the introduced parasitoid destroyed the hosts' cellular immunity. The introduced consumer thus enabled a resident consumer to expand its host range to include the invasive host species, rescuing it from an evolutionary trap.},
}
@article {pmid42185233,
year = {2026},
author = {Ardenghi, A and Filonzi, L and Bellin, N and Rontani, PM and Campbell, MA and Saccò, M and Allentoft, ME and Nizzoli, D and Piccinini, A and Papa, R and Nonnis Marzano, F},
title = {Integrating environmental DNA, diving surveys and DNA barcoding to track endangered twaite shad (Alosa fallax) spawning sites.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70489},
pmid = {42185233},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {NBFC_S8P1_0067//Ministry of University and Research (MUR), Italy/ ; },
abstract = {The twaite shad (A. fallax), an anadromous fish species belonging to the Clupeidae family, has experienced population declines throughout Europe. This decline is attributable to a range of anthropogenic pressures, including migration barriers, environmental pollution, habitat degradation, predation by invasive species and unsustainable fishing practices. These factors disrupt the species' lifecycle and ecological balance, leading to significant conservation concerns. Typically, spawning occurs from late spring to early summer, which is when the migration might be up to 400 km upstream from the sea. The demersal eggs hatch relatively quickly, and the larvae start a planktonic life in the river. Traditional monitoring methods have often proved inadequate due to the cryptic nature of A. fallax. With the goal of improving the efficacy of current biomonitoring designs, we tested an environmental DNA (eDNA) approach based on 12S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing to monitor A. fallax migration and spawning sites in the Po and Taro rivers in Northern Italy. This molecular approach was supplemented by scuba diving observations to visually confirm fish presence and habitat conditions at the same sites. Additionally, the collected larvae were morphologically identified and analysed with DNA barcoding to assess the correct taxonomic assignment of the species. This multi-level framework confirmed the upstream migration and identified specific spawning sites, as well as the presence of larvae, highlighting the effectiveness of eDNA in detecting A. fallax populations. These findings underline the potential of eDNA as a powerful conservation tool for monitoring anadromous fish populations and guiding management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid42186559,
year = {2026},
author = {Yan, W and Fu, R and Huang, X and Shenkar, N and Zhan, A},
title = {Dynamic miRNA-host gene co-expression and functional regulation in response to salinity fluctuations during biological invasions.},
journal = {Marine life science &amp; technology},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {496-506},
pmid = {42186559},
issn = {2662-1746},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The significantly negative impact of marine invasive species underscores the need to understand the dynamics of invasion success. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to stresses during invasions. Using the invasive tunicate Ciona robusta as a model, here we aim to study intragenic miRNA-host gene co-expression and functional regulation in response to recurrent salinity challenges. Despite genomic nestedness, only 9% of miRNA-host gene pairs showed significant co-expression (p < 0.05, correlation coefficient > 0). Recurring stresses dynamically altered the co-expression, revealing distinct miRNA-host gene expression at different stress times and stages. These differentially expressed miRNAs (p adj < 0.05, |log2foldchange|> 1) regulated biological processes, including free amino acid metabolism, water channel function, and ion transport to maintain osmotic homeostasis. These functional regulations were specific to time and stage, targeting the same type of osmolytes through varied pathways. Our findings highlight the diverse regulatory roles of miRNAs in enabling rapid responses to environmental stresses during invasions, providing new insights into miRNA-driven phenotypic plasticity under changing conditions.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-026-00361-w.},
}
@article {pmid42187709,
year = {2026},
author = {Bi, X and Ren, Y and Kuang, X and Zhang, M and Zhao, Z and Zhu, T and Chen, G},
title = {Multiscale Mechanisms Underlying the Invasion Success of Pomacea canaliculata: A Review.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15100747},
pmid = {42187709},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {42577049//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2025A1515010725//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Pomacea canaliculata, listed among the world's 100 worst invasive alien species, poses serious threats to rice production and freshwater ecosystems. This review synthesizes current research in physiological ecology, molecular genetics, and invasion ecology to examine its invasion success from a multiscale mechanistic perspective. P. canaliculata exhibits broad environmental adaptability at physiological, molecular, and behavioral levels. These adaptations include seasonal cold tolerance, drought-induced dormancy and post-dormancy recovery, acclimation to both freshwater and brackish environments, and tolerance to a range of pollutants and pesticides, including evidence of toxicant-induced hormesis. The species also shows pronounced phenotypic plasticity in growth, reproduction, and resource utilization. Genomic plasticity, multiple introduction events, and introgressive hybridization with closely related species further enhance its evolutionary potential and dispersal capacity. In addition, P. canaliculata displays behavioral adaptations such as learning and alarm responses. The synergistic interaction of these multilayered adaptive mechanisms underpins the global invasion success of this species. This review also identifies key uncertainties in current research and emphasizes the need for greater integration of multi-omics approaches, long-term monitoring of population dynamics in hybrid zones, and experimental studies addressing the interactive effects of multiple stressors, with the ultimate aim of improving invasion risk prediction and management.},
}
@article {pmid42187745,
year = {2026},
author = {Kornienko, V and Pirko, I and Meskhi, B and Olshevskaya, A and Odabashyan, M and Mirzoyan, A and Zolotov, S and Kozyrev, D},
title = {Optimization Potential of Ecosystem Functions of Tree and Shrub Plantations in Anthropogenically Transformed Territories of the Southern East European Plain.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15100784},
pmid = {42187745},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {The anthropogenic transformation of the steppe zone in the southern East European Plain has led to the destruction and catastrophic fragmentation of natural ecosystems. Due to the presence of highly fertile lands and the deposits of the Donetsk coal basin, up to 90% of the territory is occupied by agricultural and industrial activities, urban agglomerations, other settlements, and extensive transportation networks. The predominant use of introduced species in artificial plantings (within the city limits, the ratio of species to quantity is 7:3) leads to the widespread spread of alien species, further isolation of natural habitats, and their subsequent degradation. The problem of preserving natural ecosystems and restoring a stable balance in their functioning can be solved through the widespread introduction of native species into all types of plantings capable of serving as ecological corridors. In this regard, we analyzed the key characteristics of native tree and shrub species that determine their functional value. The results indicate that of the 85 native plant species, only two cannot be used because they carry pests and diseases dangerous to agricultural crops. The remaining 83 species are suitable for various planting types, based on a set of individual characteristics, and 29 of these are universal for all planting types. Outside urban ecosystems, these 83 native species can completely replace introduced species. Within urban ecosystems, the need for their combination remains. Despite a number of advantages identified in native species in conditions of anthropogenic pollution (relatively high viability, long lifespan, good resistance to mechanical stress), native species lack a number of categories of traits necessary for the more effective functioning of urban green infrastructure. Among them, there is an insufficient number of tall species (>25 m) and conifers, which are more effective in purifying and improving the health of the atmosphere, as well as beautifully flowering and generally highly decorative species necessary for recreational areas and other territories that, among other things, perform esthetic functions.},
}
@article {pmid42187747,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Y and Liu, M and Shang, Y and Gul, H and Yin, C and Zhou, S and Liang, C and Li, J and Zhang, J},
title = {Climatic Niche Dynamics and Potential Distribution of the Invasive Sweet Potato Weevil (Cylas formicarius) in China.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15100785},
pmid = {42187747},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2026SNJF031//Zhejiang Province "Sannong Jiufang" Science and Technology Collaboration Program Project/ ; 13230120//the Hazard Assessment and Diffusion Risk Estimation of Alien Invasive Species Project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/ ; 019240117//the Key Investigation and Monitoring of Agricultural Alien Invasive Species Project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/ ; 019250094//the Fixed-site Monitoring of Major Agricultural Alien Invasive Species Project in Zhejiang Province of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/ ; },
abstract = {To assess the potential risk of expansion of the sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius) in China under climate change, we combined principal component analysis in environmental space (PCA-env) with a Biomod2 ensemble model, using 173 occurrence records from its native range in India and its invaded range in China. We quantified the dynamics of the climatic niche between the native and invaded ranges and projected both current and future climatically suitable areas in China. Precipitation during the wettest month (Bio13), mean temperature during the driest quarter (Bio9), and isothermality (Bio3) were the key climatic predictors. Niche overlap between India and China was low (Schoener's D = 0.107). The invaded niche was characterized by high stability (0.991) with very limited expansion (0.009), indicating strong niche conservatism. However, a relatively high unfilling value (0.633) suggests that the species has not yet occupied all potentially suitable climatic space in China. The current suitable area was estimated at 37.55 × 10[4] km[2], primarily concentrated in South China and the southeastern coastal region. Under future climate scenarios, suitable habitat is projected to expand overall, extending into Central, Eastern, and Southwestern China. This study provides a climate-informed forecasting framework for assessing the potential spread of C. formicarius in China and offers practical support for quarantine surveillance and region-specific management.},
}
@article {pmid42187769,
year = {2026},
author = {Bonjor, N and Huang, T and Luan, X and Hui, Z and Tan, X and Qiong, L and Wang, J},
title = {Phytoremediation Potential of the Invasive Plant Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) for Toxic Metal Removal from Soil in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15100807},
pmid = {42187769},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {XZ202401ZR0028, XZ202402ZD0005, XZ202402ZY0023, XZ202402JX0003, XZ202303ZY0002G//the Science and Technology Program of the Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {The invasive plant Datura stramonium L. possesses strong reproductive capacity and ecological adaptability, showing a tendency to spread rapidly, especially in highly human-disturbed habitats. To explore its resource utilization pathway-turning waste into wealth-and to address toxic metal pollution in strongly human-disturbed areas (such as mining regions), this study evaluates its phytoremediation potential in contaminated soils on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We established a non-planted control and three planting density treatments to compare the removal rates of Pb, Cd, Cr, and As. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess how planting density influences the multi-metal phytoremediation performance of this invasive species in a high-altitude plateau environment. The results showed that planting significantly increased toxic metal removal rates, with overall efficiency generally improving at higher densities, particularly for Cr. Analysis of bioconcentration and translocation factors revealed distinct element-specific accumulation patterns. Pb and As were primarily enriched and retained in the roots. Interestingly, while Cd exhibited a strong localized tendency to accumulate in the leaves, its overall root-to-shoot translocation remained relatively restricted at the whole-plant level, similar to Cr. Overall, D. stramonium functions primarily through root stabilization for Pb, As, and Cr, alongside partial aboveground accumulation for Cd. However, given its toxic and invasive nature, any practical phytoremediation application requires strict post-harvest biomass management and ecological monitoring to prevent secondary spread.},
}
@article {pmid42188161,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, JJ and Chang, MY and Wang, CY and Guo, YF and Cui, KP and Yu, H},
title = {RNAi of HvMMP2 Affects Larval-Pupal Transition and Adult Eclosion in the Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17050494},
pmid = {42188161},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {232102111013;241111311900//Henan Institute of Science and Technology/ ; },
abstract = {Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is a major pest of solanaceous crops. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is a zinc ion-dependent endopeptidase that plays a crucial role in the remodeling process of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within cells. However, the function of HvMMP2 in H. vigintioctopunctata remains unknown. In this study, we cloned and characterized the HvMMP2 gene in H. vigintioctopunctata and investigated its function using RNA interference (RNAi). HvMMP2 exists as two transcript variants that differ at the 5' end. HvMMP2 is highly expressed in the prepupal stage, the pupal stage and the intestine. Silencing HvMMP2 expression in fourth-instar larvae led to approximately 54% mortality at the prepupal stage, with the remaining larvae dying after pupation. RNAi with HvMMP2 in third-instar larvae did not affect their development to the fourth instar, but caused mortality in the majority of larvae during the prepupal and pupal stages, and most of these pupae exhibited wing deformities. Examination of these stunted larvae by dissection showed that their fat bodies were abnormally shaped and that yellow uric acid crystals had accumulated in the Malpighian tubules. Collectively, our findings indicate that HvMMP2 plays a critical role in pupation and eclosion in H. vigintioctopunctata and support HvMMP2 as a potential molecular target for further RNAi-based control studies.},
}
@article {pmid42188166,
year = {2026},
author = {Xie, J and Yuan, Y and Chen, Z and Qiao, L and Xu, J},
title = {Phylogeny and Functional Traits Jointly Shape Global Rice Pest Invasions.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17050500},
pmid = {42188166},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {YZCTC2024-09116//the project grant from the Kunming Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions by crop pests increasingly threaten global food security, yet the mechanisms underlying invasion success remain poorly understood, particularly within focal crop systems. Here, we examined how evolutionary history and species traits jointly shape rice pest invasions using a global dataset of 129 rice pests. We reconstructed a COI-based phylogeny, compiled ten functional traits, and analyzed invasion status using Bayesian phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models. Invasive rice pests were non-randomly distributed across the phylogeny, with more than 50% of species in Aphididae, Gryllotalpidae, and Noctuidae being invasive. Most functional traits showed phylogenetic signal, whereas invasion status exhibited a weaker but still non-random phylogenetic pattern. Incorporating phylogeny improved model performance, with phylogenetic effects explaining more variation than measured traits alone. After accounting for phylogenetic dependence, fecundity remained the strongest positive predictor of invasion status, whereas host number, body length, and migration distance showed weaker directional trends. These findings show that rice pest invasions are jointly shaped by phylogenetic background and functional traits, and provide a basis for phylogeny-informed risk screening and biosecurity management.},
}
@article {pmid42188187,
year = {2026},
author = {De Meyer, M and Papadopoulos, NT},
title = {Behavior, Ecology and Integrated Management of Fruit Flies.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17050521},
pmid = {42188187},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Invasive species, whose geographic distribution is expanding, seeing introduction and establishment in previously pest-free areas, have major environmental and economic impacts. The problem of invasive pests is multidimensional and complex and can only be tackled through strong integration and the use of various approaches [1]. Climate change, intense human mobility, and increased international and transcontinental trading have brought biological invasions to the forefront of the list of threats to agricultural production worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid42188198,
year = {2026},
author = {Lalík, M and Galko, J and Nikolov, C and Kunca, A and Rell, S and Zúbrik, M and Vakula, J and Gubka, A and Leontovyč, R and Holuša, J},
title = {First Confirmed Detection of Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch, 1858) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Slovakia.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17050532},
pmid = {42188198},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {APVV-22-0399//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; APVV-22- 0545//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; APVV-23-0156//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; APVV-25-0035//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; project No. 08V0301 [PROMOLES]//Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development/ ; Grant Agreement #101059552//Horizon Europe Teaming for Excellence action/ ; },
abstract = {Gnathotrichus materiarius Fitch, 1858 is a North American ambrosia beetle that has progressively expanded its distribution across Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The aim of this study was to assess its occurrence in Slovakia based on multi-year surveys conducted in the Záhorie region and to document its first national record. Monitoring was carried out in 2021 and 2025 in pine-dominated stands using traps baited with pheromone and kairomone attractants. No individuals were detected in 2021. In 2025, two adults of G. materiarius were captured at a single site during the first inspection of traps baited with a (+)-α-pinene and ethanol blend. A large volume of stored pine timber was present in close proximity to the capture site, providing suitable breeding material. The findings suggest a recent introduction or early stage of establishment in Slovakia. Although the species is regarded as a technical pest of coniferous wood, it does not colonize healthy trees and currently poses a limited risk to vital forest stands. Continued targeted monitoring is important to assess its further spread.},
}
@article {pmid42188200,
year = {2026},
author = {Kang, JY and Jeong, G and An, IJ and Kim, K and Son, SH and Park, S},
title = {Correction: Kang et al. Endosymbiont Infections in Korean Insects: Patterns Across Orders and Habitat Types. Insects 2026, 17, 71.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17050498},
pmid = {42188200},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Additional Affiliation(s) [...].},
}
@article {pmid42188230,
year = {2026},
author = {Sarjanović, A and Možina, K},
title = {Evaluation of the Colour Rendering of Brand Identity Elements on Sustainable Papers Made from Invasive Alien Plant Species.},
journal = {Journal of imaging},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jimaging12050193},
pmid = {42188230},
issn = {2313-433X},
support = {P2-0450//The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency/ ; },
abstract = {The use of invasive plant species for papermaking presents both environmental and economic opportunities, particularly for companies seeking to introduce sustainable materials. This study examined whether paper made from cellulose fibres of Japanese knotweed is suitable for printing business elements such as logos in specific red colours. The physical, mechanical, and optical properties of the paper were compared with those of standard office and commercial Xerox paper. Two printing techniques-electrophotography and inkjet printing-were tested, and the colour differences (CIE colour difference, ΔE) between the reference logo and the prints, with and without the International Colour Consortium (ICC) colour profile, were evaluated. The results showed that the low whiteness and high porosity of the knotweed paper negatively affected colour reproduction, especially in inkjet printing, where even manually optimised profiles did not yield satisfactory results (minimum ΔE > 23). Electrophotography performed better but still had limitations. It was concluded that Japanese knotweed paper is not suitable for professional reproduction of demanding colour elements without additional processing, although it has potential for sustainable applications with lower visual requirements.},
}
@article {pmid42189970,
year = {2026},
author = {Ritson-Williams, R and Mumby, PJ and Steneck, RS},
title = {Introduced species will not save Caribbean coral reefs.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {22},
pages = {e2610820123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2610820123},
pmid = {42189970},
issn = {1091-6490},
}
@article {pmid42191158,
year = {2026},
author = {Ni, M and Svenning, JC},
title = {Divergent effects of native deer and alien wild pigs on forest understoreys.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2071},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2461},
pmid = {42191158},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Danmarks Grundforskningsfond/ ; //Independent Research Fund Denmark - Natural Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Deer/physiology ; *Forests ; *Introduced Species ; *Sus scrofa/physiology ; *Herbivory ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Mesoherbivores are expanding globally through both native population irruptions and alien introductions, yet their broad-scale ecological impacts remain poorly resolved. We assessed how native white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and alien wild pigs (Sus scrofa) influence forest understoreys across the eastern United States by integrating forest inventory and analysis plots, large-scale camera-trap monitoring and environmental data. Deer generally reduced native seedling abundance, although this effect weakened in warmer-wetter or more human-dense environments. Conversely, deer tended to increase invasive plant abundance and richness, consistent with selective browsing on palatable native species combined with the resistance of many common invaders. In contrast, wild pigs typically suppressed invasive plant abundance and richness, while their effects on native seedlings were neutral and strongly context dependent, consistent with their rooting behaviour and broad diet. These contrasting outcomes persisted after accounting for climate, human pressure and forest structure, supporting an important role of mesoherbivores in structuring understorey communities. Collectively, our findings indicate that native and alien mesoherbivores exert divergent and environmentally contingent effects on forest regeneration and plant invasion. Recognizing species identity, functional traits and environmental context will be essential for anticipating mesoherbivore impacts and managing forest biodiversity under global change.},
}
@article {pmid42191342,
year = {2026},
author = {Bean, MS and Trotter, RT and Chandler, J and Ritger, R and Schroeder, C and Hartshorn, JA and Peoples, BK and Barrett, K and Pfister, SE and Coyle, DR},
title = {Local dispersal and growth in an island population of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in South Carolina.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvag057},
pmid = {42191342},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {AP21PPQS&amp;T00C002//Cooperative Agreements/ ; AP22PPQS&amp;T00C002//Cooperative Agreements/ ; //US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; South Carolina ; *Animal Distribution ; Female ; Islands ; Trees ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Invasive populations of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) threaten forested systems across the globe. Eradication programs in North America can span hundreds of square kilometers, yet eradication efforts are carried out at the individual tree or stand scale. An A. glabripennis infestation was discovered in South Carolina in 2020; within this landscape, a small island was found on which 85% of A. glabripennis host trees were infested. The removal of all infested trees from the island in 2021 provided an opportunity to use this discrete population as a natural microcosm in which the spatial locations for the 14,615 oviposition sites and 1,611 exit holes in the population were documented. Data show A. glabripennis population growth rates varied substantially among individual trees. At the scale of the island, beetle density increased exponentially over time, while the number of infested trees on the island increased at a more moderate rate. The spatial and temporal patterns suggest several causal mechanisms and highlight the need for additional studies including the potential that female preference drives variation among host tree preference and beetle performance. The severity of the A. glabripennis infestation within trees was an inconsistent predictor of the age of an infestation, which is a key assumption used in landscape scale models of A. glabripennis dispersal. However, overall differences between predicted A. glabripennis movement and behavior were similar to that predicted from current risk models, supporting the utility of the landscape scale reconstructions currently used to model A. glabripennis spread and risk.},
}
@article {pmid42191627,
year = {2026},
author = {Geng, QX and Wei, ZW and Zhang, Z and Yang, LY and Wang, XH and Yang, XR},
title = {[Research Progress on the Current Situation of Microplastic Pollution in the Ocean and Its Microbial Degradation].},
journal = {Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue},
volume = {47},
number = {5},
pages = {3445-3456},
doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.202504174},
pmid = {42191627},
issn = {0250-3301},
mesh = {*Microplastics/metabolism/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism/analysis ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Seawater ; Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; Bacteria/metabolism ; *Plastics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Marine microplastic pollution has become one of the global ecological and environmental issues, posing potential threats to marine ecosystems, marine organisms, and human health. Microplastics not only destroy the habitats of marine organisms but may also introduce invasive species, disrupt biodiversity, and impact human health through food chain transmission and bioaccumulation. In addition, microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics to form biofilms and act as vectors for the long-distance transport of antibiotic resistance genes, pathogens, and other pollutants, thereby further aggravating the environmental risks of microplastics. This paper reviews the environmental processes such as pollution sources, distribution characteristics, migration, and transport of microplastics in the marine environment, as well as their influencing factors. It analyzes and discusses the potential impacts and ecological risks of microplastics on marine ecosystems and marine organisms. Additionally, it integrates the research progress on the degradation of microplastics by microbial communities and the ecological risks associated with the intermediate products of degradation. At present, the research on the microbial degradation of marine microplastics is not comprehensive. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and tracing of microplastics, deeply explore the microbial degradation mechanisms and application potentials, and provide a theoretical basis for the management and governance of marine ecosystems in China.},
}
@article {pmid41887528,
year = {2026},
author = {Hopper, KR and Leung, K},
title = {The genetics and mechanisms of parasitoid host specificity.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {76},
number = {},
pages = {101520},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2026.101520},
pmid = {41887528},
issn = {2214-5753},
mesh = {Animals ; *Host Specificity/genetics ; *Insecta/parasitology/genetics ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Biological Evolution ; Introduced Species ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Introduced parasitoids reduce the impact of invasive pests. Critics argue that introduced parasitoids may evolve to attack native species and native parasitoids may switch to control invasive pests, eliminating the need for introductions. We review evidence about responses to selection on host specificity and the genetics of host specificity. Parasitoids do respond to selection for parasitizing novel hosts, but responses are limited. Populations vary in host specificity, indicating local adaptation, but variation is small. Several factors impede research on this topic. The meanings of terms differ among studies. Furthermore, few researchers work on the subject. Systems need multiple attributes: medium-sized genomes, short generation times, laboratory behavior resembling the field, easy rearing, and multiple recently diverged populations varying in host specificity. We suggest uniform definitions, systems suitable for laboratory study, and studies of selection in naturally occurring populations. The evidence suggests that the evolution of host specificity among introduced parasitoids is limited.},
}
@article {pmid42178510,
year = {2026},
author = {You, Z and Yu, R and Hong, H and Wu, S and Zhang, F},
title = {Retrieval of pigment content and water status of Pinus massoniana under pine wood nematode stress using multitemporal UAV multispectral imagery.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70957},
pmid = {42178510},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Key R &amp; D Program of China (2021YFD1400900)/ ; //Fujian Province Forestry Science and Technology Project (2024FKJ11)/ ; //Joint Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity (No. SKLJRP2501)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pine wood nematode (PWN) is a major invasive species causing severe degradation of pine forest ecosystems. During PWN infection, pine trees undergo quantifiable physicochemical changes, including variations in pigment content and water status, which can effectively characterize tree health. Retrieving these indicators using remote sensing techniques therefore provides a promising approach for early PWN monitoring. In this study, nine UAV flight campaigns were conducted from June to September 2024, acquiring multispectral imagery at four flight altitudes (50, 100, 150 and 200 m). Field-measured chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), carotenoids (Car) and water content (WC) data were integrated with UAV data to develop retrieval models based on 58 vegetation indices for estimating pigment content and water status of PWN-infected Pinus massoniana.<br><br>RESULTS: (1) Chla, Chlb and Car initially increased during the early infection stage (within the first 14&#x2009;days) and subsequently declined, whereas WC exhibited a continuous decreasing trend; (2) significant spectral differences between PWN-infected and control trees emerged in the red-edge and near-infrared bands at Day 14, earlier than ground-based symptom observation; (3) WC retrieval achieved substantially higher accuracy than pigment-related parameters, indicating that inversion-derived WC could be more sensitive and effective in characterizing the health status of PWN-infected trees; and (4) MR-DSWI (Multiple Ratio Disease-Water Stress Index), Li5 and Guo4 consistently exhibited stable responses to both pigment and water status indicators across all flight altitudes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, the robust performance of these indices highlights their strong general applicability for retrieving canopy pigment content and water status, providing reliable indicators for UAV-based monitoring of PWN-induced canopy degradation. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42179315,
year = {2026},
author = {Guo, Y and Roberts, BJ and Nyman, JA and Plumlee, JD and Davenport, TM and Hopper, GW and La Peyre, MK},
title = {Expansion trends and impacts of Phragmites australis on the Louisiana Gulf Coast.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {e70246},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70246},
pmid = {42179315},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries/ ; //Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON)/ ; LAB94471//USDA- NIFA (McIntire Stennis)/ ; CPRA-2024-COE-RFP3-JH//U.S. Department of Treasury, Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund, through the RESTORE Act Center of Excellence for Louisiana/ ; 2324R0449//U.S. Department of Treasury, Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund, through the RESTORE Act Center of Excellence for Louisiana/ ; },
mesh = {*Poaceae/physiology ; Louisiana ; *Introduced Species ; *Wetlands ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species pose substantial threats to ecosystem integrity by disrupting ecosystem processes, reducing biodiversity, and complicating restoration and management efforts. Non-native lineages of Phragmites australis are invasive in wetlands across parts of North America, causing declines in the diversity of native wetland plants and disrupting biogeochemical cycles. Despite recognition of these effects, important knowledge gaps remain regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics, environmental drivers, and consequences of Phragmites expansion for native communities. Here, we examined long-term data from the Louisiana Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS), collected from 2006 to 2023 and spanning 390 sites across nine basins, to quantify basin-specific Phragmites cover trajectories and evaluate their associations with co-occurring native plant cover and soil properties. Louisiana supports both long-established noninvasive and (since ~2000) invasive European P. australis lineages, but CRMS cannot distinguish them; thus, our basin-level trajectories reflect species-level cover dynamics that may integrate lineage-specific turnover. Phragmites dynamics varied markedly among basins over the study period: Phragmites cover decreased in the Mississippi River Delta (initially >25%), whereas the Calcasieu-Sabine, Mermentau, Teche-Vermilion, and Terrebonne basins, each starting with <5%, exhibited positive expansion trends. The remaining four basins maintained low and stable Phragmites cover (<5%) over the study period. These distinct basin-level trajectories may reflect basin-to-basin differences in a hydrogeomorphic setting and associated sediment and nutrient inputs. In basins with positive expansion trends, Phragmites cover was associated with decreases in native plant cover. Overall, Phragmites expansion was positively associated with higher soil nutrients, lower pH, and higher salinity, highlighting key environmental factors that could inform targeted management to prevent or mitigate its expansion. Although Phragmites cover remains low in most basins (<10%), expansion in several basins suggests the value of basin-specific early-warning monitoring to maintain native plant cover and associated ecosystem functions. Our two-step framework offers a transferable monitoring template that integrates Phragmites cover trends (expanding/stable/declining), concurrently measured native plant cover, and key soil and pore-water indicators to flag emerging hotspots and prioritize adaptive management in other estuarine and deltaic systems.},
}
@article {pmid42180812,
year = {2026},
author = {Neal, NG and Bollens, SM and Maine, AN and Counihan, TD and Rollwagen-Bollens, G},
title = {Distribution, abundance and ecological associations among two species of native mussels (Gonidea angulata and Margaritifera falcata) and one invasive clam species (Corbicula fluminea) in the Columbia River Basin, North America.},
journal = {Aquatic sciences},
volume = {88},
number = {3},
pages = {82},
pmid = {42180812},
issn = {1015-1621},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Native freshwater mussels are declining globally, thus, determining factors associated with bivalve distribution and abundance is critical for native mussel conservation. In the Columbia River Basin, Gonidea angulata (western ridged mussel) is highly threatened, while Margaritifera falcata (western pearlshell) and the invasive clam Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) are more common. We conducted 147 snorkel surveys, collected environmental data and performed statistical tests to quantify which variables were significantly associated with presence and abundance of these taxa. Variation in G. angulata presence and/or abundance were best explained by impervious surface proportion and annual air temperatures (mean and maximum). Margaritifera falcata presence and/or abundance were best explained by host fish presence, G. angulata presence, dissolved oxygen, and elevation. Corbicula fluminea presence and/or abundance were best explained by substrate size, impervious surface proportion, and annual air temperatures. Microhabitat and landscape variables explained some variation in bivalve presence and abundance, but the inclusion of watershed as a random effect increased the explanatory value. Consideration of species-specific habitat preferences and watershed-level variation could improve regional management in response to native mussel declines and invasive clam expansion.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00027-026-01314-2.},
}
@article {pmid42181302,
year = {2026},
author = {Ogofure, AG and Green, E},
title = {Dataset on the differential metabolite composition of ripe and green fruit coats of Solanum mauritianum.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {112829},
pmid = {42181302},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {This data article presents a comprehensive comparative metabolomic dataset characterizing the differential secondary metabolite profiles of ripe and green fruit coats of Solanum mauritianum Scop., an invasive species with significant ethnopharmacological relevance. The dataset complements the research article published by Ogofure et al [1] in Scientific Reports, which focused on ripe fruit components and identified promising antibacterial and anticancer properties. The current dataset addresses a critical research gap by providing untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomic profiling data comparing ripe and green fruit coats, revealing maturation-dependent biochemical transformations. A total of 35 secondary metabolites were putatively annotated (MSI Level 2) across both maturation stages, with detailed information on retention times, accurate mass measurements, and MS/MS fragmentation patterns. The ripe fruit coat exhibited 17 unique metabolites, while the green fruit coat contained 7 unique metabolites, with 11 metabolites shared between both stages. This dataset provides valuable insights into the ontogenic variation in phytochemical composition and offers a foundation for understanding the biosynthetic pathways active during fruit maturation.},
}
@article {pmid42182023,
year = {2026},
author = {Duan, J and Chen, Y and Zhang, X and Li, C and Gao, T and Li, K},
title = {Metagenomic analysis suggests that tomato root-knot nematode infestation disrupts rhizosphere microbial networks, consistent with reduced disease suppression.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1798902},
pmid = {42182023},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The rhizosphere microbiome serves as a critical line of defense for plant health and soil-borne disease suppression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which root-knot nematodes (RKN), a devastating soil-borne pathogen, undermine putative disease-suppressive function through destabilizing microbial interaction networks remain poorly understood.<br><br>METHODS: This study employed metagenomic sequencing coupled with microbial co-occurrence network analysis to systematically compare the community structure, interaction network topology, and functional gene profiles of the rhizosphere microbiome between healthy and RKN-infected tomato plants.<br><br>RESULTS: Our findings revealed that RKN infection significantly altered the community structure of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This disturbance was associated with a systematic simplification and loss of modularity within microbial interaction networks. Specifically, intra-domain bacterial networks exhibited reduced scale and connectivity, whereas fungal networks showed strengthened internal cohesion. Cross-kingdom interactions (e.g., bacteria-fungi) were severely weakened, resulting in a topological imbalance characterized by "tight within domains, loose between domains." Functional profiling further indicated a distinct metabolic reprogramming in the infected rhizosphere, with a shift in resource allocation from growth and biosynthesis toward core energy acquisition and stress response.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Collectively, our results suggest that the putative decline in disease-suppressive function following RKN infection may be mechanistically rooted in the destabilization of microbial cooperative networks and the consequent loss of functional redundancy. This study provides a novel network-level ecological framework for understanding plant-microbe-pathogen interactions and lays a theoretical foundation for microbiome-based ecological management strategies against soil-borne diseases.},
}
@article {pmid42182815,
year = {2026},
author = {Vermeulen, JJ and Richard, CY and Marzuki, ME and Khalik, MZ},
title = {Notes on Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata): Thirteen new species, a new genus and a first record of an introduced species.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e188155},
pmid = {42182815},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The pulmonates represent an important component of land snail biodiversity in a wide range of habitats across Borneo. Despite their presence in many ecosystems, the diversity of these organisms is still being actively documented through ongoing surveys and taxonomic work. Our study presents 13 new species, a new genus and the first records of pulmonates in Sarawak, contributing to a clearer understanding of species composition in the region.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: Thirteen new species of land snails are described from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo): Hemiplecta gambut, Vitrinula aulacotropis (Ariophantidae); Chloritis platycephala (Camaenidae); Kaliella micradelpha, K. montismulu, K. xystrota, Rahula pallidula, R. scoliostoma (Chronidae); Dyakia nitens, Everettia cryptopleura, E. micropleura, E. platyacris (Dyakiidae); and Hypselostoma stenopyrgus (Hypselostomatidae). The new genus Gleniskos (Charopidae) is introduced, two species are transferred; Gleniskos lafargei and G. sarawakensis. Finally, Mariaella dussumieri (Ariophantidae) is reported from Sarawak for the first time.},
}
@article {pmid42184161,
year = {2026},
author = {Moreno, AGR and Zhang, A and Meng, F and Winchell, K},
title = {Navigating urban environments reshapes dispersal traits of invasive Spotted Lanternfly.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icag054},
pmid = {42184161},
issn = {1557-7023},
abstract = {Urbanization and biological invasions are two dominant drivers of global change, yet their joint effects on dispersal-related trait evolution remain poorly understood. Cities often facilitate the establishment and spread of non-native species through anthropogenic transport, ecological disturbance, and favorable microclimates, but they may also impose novel selective pressures that reshape traits linked to movement and colonization. Here, we examine these interactions in the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, an invasive planthopper that has rapidly expanded across the northeastern United States since 2014. We quantified forewing size and shape in adults collected from urban and rural habitats in the native range (Shanghai, China), and from individuals in the invasive northeastern United States from Pennsylvania to Connecticut with more intensive sampling in New York City, enabling us to evaluate the combined effects of urbanization and invasion on wing morphology. We measured wing area and length from photographs and quantified wing shape using geometric morphometrics, and compared size, shape, and morphological disparity among groups. Our analyses revealed contrasting responses of wing size and wing shape to urbanization and invasion. Forewing area and length increased consistently with urbanization and building height in both ranges, indicating that larger wings are associated with more urbanized habitats and suggesting that wing size may be important for navigating fragmented, vertically complex city environments. In contrast, wing shape did not vary significantly with urbanization itself, but it diverged between ranges: invasive U.S. individuals had longer, narrower forewings than native Chinese individuals. Wing shape variance was also significantly greater in the invasive range. Together, these results indicate that different components of dispersal morphology respond to different eco-evolutionary pressures, with wing size tracking contemporary urban conditions and wing shape reflecting invasion history and expansion through heterogeneous environments. Our findings suggest that urban environments may do more than facilitate invasion through opportunity alone; they may also contribute to the reshaping of dispersal traits as invasions unfold. By linking urban environmental structure with morphological divergence and increased phenotypic variance in an emerging global pest, our study highlights the importance of integrating urban ecology and invasion biology to understand how species spread and adapt in an increasingly human-dominated world.},
}
@article {pmid42184570,
year = {2026},
author = {Aaziz, R and Bralet, T and Lejeune, M and Tornos, J and Boulinier, T and Laroucau, K},
title = {Diversity of Chlamydiaceae among native and introduced vertebrate populations from sub-Antarctic islands.},
journal = {Veterinary microbiology},
volume = {319},
number = {},
pages = {111073},
doi = {10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.111073},
pmid = {42184570},
issn = {1873-2542},
abstract = {Members of the Chlamydiaceae family infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, yet their diversity and ecology in remote insular ecosystems remain poorly understood. Two previous studies screened 2274 samples from seabirds and mammals collected across five sub-Antarctic islands in the Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans between 2017 and 2022. Here, we further characterise 424 Chlamydiaceae positive samples, including members of the Chlamydia and Chlamydiifrater genera. Chlamydiifrater spp. were detected in almost all seabird species, particularly king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) and lesser sheathbills (Chionis minor), with local prevalence reaching up to 57% and 78%, respectively. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of 16S and 23S rRNA genes revealed a distinct sub-Antarctic lineage structured into three host-associated clusters, likely structured by ecological interactions and spatial segregation. Chlamydia psittaci was detected in a limited number of penguin and sheathbill samples, with ompA- and MLST-based typing revealed at least two novel genotypes. In mammals from Amsterdam Island, C. muridarum-related strains were identified in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus), while C. felis-related strains were detected in sub-Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis). This is the first evidence of C. felis in a wild non-feline host, raising the issue of spillover from introduced species (here, cats (Felis catus)), to native species. These findings demonstrate that Chlamydiaceae are diverse and widespread in sub-Antarctic wildlife, encompassing both endemic and potentially introduced lineages. This emphasizes the need for ongoing surveillance, including whole-genome sequencing, to enhance our understanding of the interactions between hosts, infectious agents and the environment, and to assess potential zoonotic risks to fieldworkers in these sensitive ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid42184980,
year = {2026},
author = {He, L and Wang, L and Guo, A and Li, C and Li, X and Li, X and Liu, W and Lin, C and Miao, W},
title = {The mid-to-late-stage fungal effector EqBPIE1 mediates chloroplast-to-nucleus immune signaling and broad-spectrum resistance.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiag315},
pmid = {42184980},
issn = {1532-2548},
abstract = {Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe quercicola is a serious threat to natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) production, but the molecular basis of host immunity against this pathogen remains poorly understood. Here, we identify EqBPIE1 (E. quercicola Broad-spectrum Plant Immunity Elicitor 1), a fungal effector expressed during the mid-to-late colonization stage, that localizes to the cytosol, chloroplasts, and nucleus of host cells. EqBPIE1 enhances chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species production, promotes perinuclear chloroplast clustering and stromule (stroma-filled tubule) formation, and thereby facilitates the relay of immune signals to the nucleus. In the nucleus, EqBPIE1 interacts with the NLR protein HbRG1 (H. brasiliensis Resistance Gene 1) to trigger hypersensitive cell death. Silencing EqBPIE1 increased susceptibility of H. brasiliensis to E. quercicola, whereas heterologous expression and foliar application conferred broad-spectrum resistance against fungal, bacterial, and oomycete pathogens in multiple plant species. Our findings establish an effector-mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus immune signaling pathway and highlight EqBPIE1 as a promising molecular tool for engineering durable, broad-spectrum disease resistance across crops.},
}
@article {pmid42174138,
year = {2026},
author = {Brayley, ODM and Convey, P and Ullah, S and Hayward, SAL},
title = {Impacts of non-native invertebrates and plants on polar soil systems.},
journal = {npj biodiversity},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42174138},
issn = {2731-4243},
support = {NE/S007350/1//NERC CENTA2/ ; NE/T009446/1//NSF-NERC/ ; NE/T009446/1//NSF-NERC/ ; RF-2024-396/2//Leverhulme Research Fellowship/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive non-native species are amongst the most serious threats to biodiversity at local and global scales. Due to their geographical remoteness, extreme conditions and lower levels of human activity, the Earth's polar regions have seen fewer invasions to date compared to temperate and tropical areas. However, increasing human activity in high latitude areas brings the risk of many more species introductions, while climate warming is reducing many of the abiotic barriers to species establishment. Polar ecosystems are particularly susceptible to the negative effects associated with invasive species due to their low native diversity, simple food chains and the availability of apparently vacant niches. To date, few studies have tested the effects of non-native species on soil properties in the typically nutrient-limited polar regions. Non-native arthropods and plants may introduce their novel microbiomes and fungal endophytes to a new environment, and this can lead to changes in organic matter decomposition and levels of bioavailable nutrients such as nitrogen. Decomposition rates may be increased further in synergy with climate warming, releasing locked up nutrients in addition to nutrient enrichment facilitated by invasive species. Enhanced nutrient availability and microbial activity may, in turn, create more favourable conditions for the establishment and, for some, the subsequent invasion of further non-native species, as well as potentially benefiting native arthropod and plant communities. This review characterises the interactions between invasive species and global change, highlighting current and predicted future impacts on soil health in polar ecosystems. In addition, we identify priority areas for further research to better understand these impacts and guide management practices.},
}
@article {pmid42176208,
year = {2026},
author = {Soltis, DE and Shan, S and Stull, GW and Soltis, PS},
title = {Plant Species Extinction and Opportunities for De-extinction.},
journal = {The Journal of heredity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jhered/esag036},
pmid = {42176208},
issn = {1465-7333},
abstract = {Extinction has received considerable attention in animals, particularly charismatic vertebrates. Plants, like animals, face alarming extinction risks with many of the same underlying causes including habitat loss, climate change, disease, invasive species, and over harvesting. However, habitat modifications by humans might make it much more challenging for plants to respond to rapid contemporary climate change by shifting distributions, either because suitable habitat no longer exists or because the human-altered landscapes pose too great a barrier to dispersal for some species. De-extinction (i.e., the revival of genes or phenotypes of extinct species) has similarly received considerable attention in animals with little discussion in plants. De-extinction is already possible in plants, particularly for those species with close relatives for which there are rich genomic resources as well as the capacity for CRISPR-mediated gene editing and regeneration. Herbarium collections offer one important source of DNA for plants that have gone extinct in that time frame. The opportunities for de-extinction in plants will only increase as genomic resources and the tools for regeneration and genome editing improve. We also consider some of the ethical issues to de-extinction in plants, focusing our discussion of the topic to those plants clearly driven to extinction by human activity in just the past few hundred years.},
}
@article {pmid42171723,
year = {2026},
author = {Beraldo Pissinis, S and Noya Abad, T and Sabatini, SE and Thuesen, EV and Paolucci, EM},
title = {Effect of extreme temperatures on the physiology of the invasive bivalve Limnoperna fortunei.},
journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42171723},
issn = {1432-136X},
support = {PIP-2021-2023-GI 11220200100252CO//Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient&#xed;ficas y T&#xe9;cnicas/ ; PIP 11220200101690CO//Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient&#xed;ficas y T&#xe9;cnicas/ ; UBACYT 2020-2023 20020190200150BA//Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnica, Universidad de Buenos Aires/ ; PICT 2020-0629//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive species such as Limnoperna fortunei are considered to have broad environmental tolerances and the capacity of adaptation to colonize new environments, which helps these species to spread and increase their abundance. However, like other ectothermic organisms, temperature may strongly affect the physiological performance of L. fortunei, especially when faced with very low or high values, changing respiration and standard metabolic rate (SMR). In order to assess variations in respiration and SMR, as well as to evaluate the effect of extreme temperatures on metabolic oxidation mechanisms, L. fortunei individuals were collected from the Río de la Plata estuary and gradually acclimated to different temperatures (from 2 to 31 °C). Our results showed that SMR ranged from 3.64 to 27.2 µmol O2 gAFDW[-1] h[- 1], changing significantly over a wide thermal range. Oxygen consumption appears to be regulated between 13 and 22 °C, presumably through behavioral changes (e.g., filtration rate), thermal sensitivity (Q10), and oxidative stress enzyme activities. When thermal coefficients and oxidative parameters were measured at extreme temperature values, physiological responses suggest different adaptive mechanisms and antioxidant defenses. Our data support a high potential for colonizing new areas at both lower and higher temperatures than those currently found in its introduced distribution range.},
}
@article {pmid42172917,
year = {2026},
author = {Malakhova, L and Tamoikin, I and Voitsekhovskaya, V and Malakhova, T and Vdodovich, I},
title = {Organochlorine contamination in common and rare fish species of the Crimean coastal waters (Black Sea).},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {231},
number = {},
pages = {119912},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119912},
pmid = {42172917},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Organochlorine compounds (OCs) remain persistent pollutants in semi-enclosed seas like the Black Sea, where limited water exchange promotes their accumulation. This study provided the first assessment of OCs contamination in four poorly studied teleost fish species from Crimean coastal waters: demersal brown meagre (Sciaena umbra), benthopelagic sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo), benthopelagic European hake (Merluccius merluccius), and the invasive demersal Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). DDTs, HCHs, HCB, and six indicator PCBs were quantified in liver, gonads, muscle, and visceral fat using gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector (GC-μECD). Analytical quality was assured by calibration curves with R[2] ≥ 0.995, confirmation by GC-MS, and successful participation in the IAEA interlaboratory exercise. OCs were detected in all samples with marked interspecific and tissue-specific variability. The highest concentrations on a wet weight basis were found in Korean rockfish (252 ng/g ΣDDT and 651 ng/g ΣPCB in liver). The contamination profile was dominated by p,p'-DDE and highly chlorinated PCBs (101, 138, 153), indicating aged pollution inputs. β-HCH and HCB were detected only in European hake, suggesting a distinct contamination pathway, potentially linked to Mediterranean migration. OCs concentrations exceeded open-ocean background levels by one to two orders of magnitude but remained below the Eurasian TR CU food safety limits for marine fish (ΣDDT ≤200 ng/g ww, ΣPCB ≤2000 ng/g ww). Notably, in native brown meagre, visceral fat contained 35 times lower PCBs than muscle (93 vs. 3259 ng/g lipid). Our results demonstrate that legacy OCs continue to circulate in the Black Sea ecosystem despite decades-long bans. The biological characteristics of the expanding M. merluccius and the invader S. schlegelii, as distinct from those of allochthonous species such as D. puntazzo and S. umbra, necessitate monitoring of pollutant accumulation processes, because new species can alter the established chains of matter and energy transfer in the ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid42173940,
year = {2026},
author = {Rahman, A and Syeed, MMM and Khan, RH and Fatema, K and Ahmed, T and Islam, S},
title = {Attention-enhanced multi-task learning for binary segmentation and fine-grained aquatic plant classification in UAV imagery.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-51881-5},
pmid = {42173940},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Accurate monitoring of aquatic vegetation from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery remains challenging due to complex water backgrounds, severe inter-class similarity, and the lack of balanced, dual-annotated datasets. Existing studies primarily address segmentation or classification independently, limiting their effectiveness for integrated species-level analysis. To address these gaps, this study proposes a clearly defined attention-enhanced multi-task learning framework that simultaneously performs binary segmentation and 14-class species classification, enabling unified structural and semantic understanding. The model employs a shared encoder with attention-guided skip connections and a joint optimization strategy to enhance feature discrimination while reducing redundancy. Comprehensive ablation analysis demonstrates that attention improves both segmentation and classification performance, while joint learning with Gaussian blur achieves the best overall balance, confirming the complementary role of spatial and semantic features. On a newly collected UAV dataset from diverse wetlands in Bangladesh, the proposed model achieves a Dice coefficient of 0.7344, mIoU of 0.6904, and pixel accuracy of 0.8757 for segmentation, along with 98.77% classification accuracy and an F1-score of 0.9874, indicating strong performance across both tasks. In addition, computational complexity analysis shows that the proposed framework reduces parameters by ∼50% (31.10M vs. 62.09M), lowers FLOPs (54.66 vs. 96.31 GFLOPs), and improves inference speed by ∼48.6% compared to deploying separate single-task models for segmentation and classification, demonstrating its suitability for real-time UAV deployment. Furthermore, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and Grad-CAM++ are employed to provide visual explanations of model predictions, improving interpretability and reliability. The results demonstrate robust performance in complex aquatic environments and highlight the framework's suitability for large-scale biodiversity monitoring, invasive species detection, and data-driven freshwater ecosystem management.},
}
@article {pmid42174101,
year = {2026},
author = {Szenejko, M and Śmietana, P and Panicz, R and Skorupski, J},
title = {Human-mediated admixture shapes high genetic diversity and the invasion dynamics of Lupinus nootkatensis in Iceland.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-54580-3},
pmid = {42174101},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The invasion of the Nootka lupin (Lupinus nootkatensis) in Iceland presents a fascinating scenario: an introduced species on an isolated island that retains exceptionally high genetic diversity. Using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, we analysed the population structure of this widespread coloniser to understand the mechanisms behind its success. Contrary to expectations of a founder effect, our results reveal substantial polymorphism (100% at the dataset level) and high gene diversity, indicating that high propagule pressure from repeated, large-scale introductions has effectively countered genetic bottlenecks. Spatial analyses (PCoA, AMOVA) demonstrated a highly admixed structure where genetic clustering explains twice as much variance as geographical regions (12.3% vs. 5.9%). Importantly, a Mantel test confirmed a remarkably weak isolation-by-distance signal (explaining around 6% of the variance), aligning directly with the AMOVA results. This structural concordance shows that human-mediated transport-particularly from Reykjavík, the demographic hub-has completely overridden natural spatial gradients. We conclude that historical land reclamation efforts have acted as massive hyper-vectors, mixing diverse lineages to form a highly resilient, interconnected metapopulation. Therefore, effective management should shift from broad-scale eradication to targeted biosecurity measures that limit further human-facilitated mixing of these distinct genetic lineages.},
}
@article {pmid42166210,
year = {2026},
author = {von Holdt, BM and James, M and Gaughran, SJ and DeCandia, AL and Koepfli, KP and Flores, D and Songsasen, N and Brzeski, KE and Jensen, EL},
title = {Evolving conservation: The role of unconventional approaches to restore contemporary vertebrate populations and genomic biodiversity.},
journal = {The Journal of heredity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jhered/esag040},
pmid = {42166210},
issn = {1465-7333},
abstract = {Conservation biology and restoration ecology are two essential yet distinct disciplines that address the growing challenge of biodiversity loss. Traditionally, these fields have relied on ecological principles and management practices aimed at protecting or reestablishing natural systems. The crisis is no longer just ecological; it is evolutionary and genomic. The accelerating pace of environmental change has outstripped the capacity of conventional approaches, creating a pressing need for innovative solutions. Biotechnology offers potentially transformative tools that can enhance the effectiveness and precision of both conservation and restoration efforts, especially for species where conventional conservation approaches have proven insufficient. Techniques such as genetic rescue, synthetic biology, and gene editing are increasingly being explored to address critical challenges such as invasive species control, genetic diversity loss, and habitat fragmentation to both invigorate endangered species and restore historical biodiversity. Despite its promise, the integration of biotechnology into conservation and restoration has raised ethical, ecological, and regulatory concerns. These include ecological unpredictability and public resistance to genetic interventions in wild populations. This perspective examines the current landscape of biotechnological applications in conservation and restoration, highlighting successful case studies, ongoing controversies, and optimism for further progress. We argue that thoughtful, transparent integration of biotechnology that is grounded in ecological knowledge and stakeholder engagement can reconcile the goals of conservation and restoration. As ecosystems face mounting pressures, biotech-enabled strategies may prove essential for fostering resilience and ensuring long-term ecological sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid42169552,
year = {2026},
author = {da Silva Ferreira, GD and Marchioro, CA},
title = {Mapping the global threat of Mythimna separata (Walker) and its economic implications for Brazil's agriculture.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70954},
pmid = {42169552},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {302201/2025-4//Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Identifying high-risk areas for the introduction of invasive alien species is particularly important for agricultural pests with a broad host range that attack widely cultivated crops, such as the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). This study aimed to assess the global climatic suitability for M. separata and evaluate the economic risk for maize, rice, sorghum, sugarcane, and wheat cultivation in Brazil in the event of invasion and spread to suitable areas. Climatic suitability was estimated using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm, and the Normalized Concentration Index (nCI) was calculated to assess the concentration of crop production across Brazilian municipalities.<br><br>RESULTS: The selected model showed strong discriminatory power, with Area Under the Curve and Continuous Boyce Index values above 0.85. Moderately to highly suitable areas were identified beyond the species' native range, including North, Central and South America, Europe, southeastern Australia, and New Zealand. Globally, 35.0%, 39.0%, and 46.9% of areas cultivated with rice, maize, and wheat, respectively, fall within regions classified as moderately to highly suitable. In Brazil, estimated economic risk varied substantially among crops, with wheat showing the greatest vulnerability.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Integrating regional crop production data with invasion risk maps proved useful in identifying priority areas for preventive actions, supporting the targeting of surveillance and management efforts to mitigate potential economic losses. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42170017,
year = {2026},
author = {Wei, J and Wu, M and Dai, Y and Cao, P and Yang, H and Chen, Z and Yang, J and Wu, Z and Gorb, S and Wu, J},
title = {Ultrathin seed wing with heterogeneous structures for highly efficient dispersal of African tulip tree.},
journal = {National science review},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {nwag132},
pmid = {42170017},
issn = {2053-714X},
abstract = {To colonize new habitats, plant seeds have evolved a variety of specialized structures for wind dispersal. The African tulip tree, identified as one of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species, features filmy winged seeds predominantly dispersed by wind. Herein, we found that most of the wing region is single-cell-layer thick with the thinnest part measuring only 0.4 μm, enabling the wing to cover 90% of the seed's size while constituting only 25% of the total mass. We revealed that such an ultrathin wing is reinforced by a series of heterogeneous vein-like structures that maintain the wing extension even in turbulent airflow and can resist circumferential fracture to minimize detrimental impacts on aerodynamic performance. The filmy wing is also able to conformably attach to uneven wet substrates, enhancing the chance of locating on water-rich soils for seed germination. The unique geometry and material composition in the seed wing present an elegant natural solution in balancing light weight, proper stiffness, and directional toughness suited for varied environments. Inspired by the natural seed, we designed a passive micro-flier with a customizable wing that can realize multiple functions, illuminating new possibilities in large-scale aerial delivery for wide-range sampling and environmental monitoring.},
}
@article {pmid42171002,
year = {2026},
author = {Sánchez-García, R and Green, AJ and Ortiz, MA and García, C and Hortas, F and Reynolds, C and Rowntree, J and Serrão, EA and Tomasson, L and Tremetsberger, K and van Leeuwen, CHA and Ortego, J},
title = {Genomic footprints of selfing, introduction history, and long-distance dispersal in an invasive alien plant.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evag124},
pmid = {42171002},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {Biological invasions are natural experiments for studying the evolutionary and ecological processes underlying colonization success and range expansion. Using genome-wide data -generated via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) from 30 populations spanning Europe and South Africa- we investigated the colonization history and successful spread of the invasive buttonweed Cotula coronopifolia, an annual plant introduced into Europe from South Africa about 300 years ago. Our analyses identified three major lineages in Europe distributed across the continent, often co-occurring without evidence of admixture. Phylogenomic dating revealed that these lineages diverged > 2,000 years ago -well before the earliest European records- suggesting divergence within the native range and either multiple introductions or a single introduction with multiple lineages. Mating-system inference shows that reproduction occurs primarily via self-fertilization (∼70% on average), although outcrossing predominates in some populations, revealing a facultative mating system. This high selfing rate has led to extremely low heterozygosity in most populations and a strong genetic structure. Genetic clustering also revealed admixed individuals resulting from rare inter-lineage outcrossing; comparisons of empirical and simulated data indicate that increased diversity after sporadic admixture events decays rapidly under subsequent selfing. Both the introduction history and long-distance dispersal facilitated by waterbirds likely explain the scattered distribution of lineages across Europe. Altogether, these results illustrate Baker's "ideal weed" concept, highlighting the role of a flexible mating system in providing reproductive assurance during colonization and showing how predominant selfing can shape the genomic landscape of an invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid42160271,
year = {2026},
author = {Shelton, JMG and Woodcock, BA and Newbold, L and Oliver, A and Savage, J and Grove, E and Suresh, M and Syed, U and Cook, L and Brown, M and Rathod, B and Bennett, M and Bacon, J and Upcott, EV and Read, DS and Turvey, K and Roy, D and Soon, HG and Pywell, R},
title = {Using honeybees for national scale long-term eDNA biomonitoring.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {e0347485},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0347485},
pmid = {42160271},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Bees/genetics ; Animals ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics ; *Biological Monitoring/methods ; Honey/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Citizen Science ; },
abstract = {As central place foragers, bees integrate information over large spatial scales on diet and pollutant exposure, offering insights into environmental impacts on their populations. Data from bee biomonitoring has strong applied and policy relevance, particularly when conducted over extensive spatial and temporal scales. However, practical challenges have limited large-scale sustainable implementation of such monitoring networks beyond relatively small-scale experimental studies. This paper describes the creation of a national, citizen science-led honeybee biomonitoring platform. Citizen scientist beekeepers provide biological samples at a national scale that would be cost prohibitive to replicate using conventional sampling strategies. Environmental DNA (eDNA) within honey allows quantification of spatial and temporal patterns in foraging resources. From 2018-2025, over 3,500 beekeepers have contributed 5,789 honey samples from across England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Most samples are collected between May and October and originate from intensively managed agricultural land (54% land use cover), urban and suburban areas (25%), forests (13%), and extensively managed landscapes (8%). eDNA analyses from 2018-2022 reveal strong temporal and spatial variation in plant resource use. Brassicas (wild and crop species such as oilseed rape), clovers (Trifolium spp.), and brambles (Rubus spp.) dominate honeybee diets, alongside notable use of invasive plants. Large-scale, long-term monitoring of floral resource use by honeybees establishes a benchmark for assessing resource availability to wider pollinator communities. The scheme provides data to interpret land-use change, agri-environmental policy outcomes, and climate-driven shifts in flowering resources. Archived honey samples also support future research on invasive species, bee pathogens, and chemical (including pesticide) exposure. The combination of citizen science and eDNA methods enables cost-effective, nationwide ecological monitoring at a scale unattainable through traditional approaches.},
}
@article {pmid42162152,
year = {2026},
author = {Stutts, L and Caton, BP and Fang, H and Manoukis, NC and Robert, G},
title = {Evaluating the impacts of trap and lure costs and attractiveness on invasive insect trapping designs.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-53691-1},
pmid = {42162152},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {We quantitatively examined the effects of trap and lure costs and attractiveness-which determines densities-on total insect survey costs. We modeled and compared costs for standard and reduced-density designs facilitated either by increased trap attractiveness, or by combining lures in traps. Survey costs were based on supply and replacement, and servicing distances and times. We quantified likelihoods of capture [p(Capture), survey efficacy] for each design in simulations. In a sensitivity analysis, total costs were most affected by trap density and survey area; trap-and-lure costs and durations were much less important. In a proof-of-concept example, we evaluated the impact of doubled attractiveness or tripled duration for Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly [Diptera: Tephritidae]). Increased attractiveness facilitated reducing traps by 61% and service distances by 58%, which decreased total costs by 44%. By contrast, increasing lure duration to 90 days in a 90-d survey only reduced costs by 6.5%. We then evaluated three case studies from published research. In two, though trap and lure prices at least doubled, total costs decreased by 42% or more because densities dropped by at least 59%. Moreover, p(Capture) at least doubled. In the third case study, combining three lures in traps reduced total costs by about 14% when attractiveness was unaffected, but when attractiveness declined, requiring greater densities, total costs increased 1.5 times. Incorporating traps with greater attractiveness usually reduced total costs and sometimes increased p(Capture). These examples demonstrate how to quantitatively assess trapping costs and survey efficacy to generate more optimal designs.},
}
@article {pmid42162825,
year = {2026},
author = {Riesch, R and Gomes-Silva, G and Segura-Muñoz, SI and Petry, AC and Plath, M},
title = {Divergent life-history strategies of invasive guppies (Poecilia reticulata) along a water pollution gradient.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {128390},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128390},
pmid = {42162825},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {Life-history theory considers differential allocation of time and energy into somatic maintenance, growth and reproduction. Because time and energy are finite, trade-offs between traits are both common and expected. For example, if more energy needs to be invested into physiological homeostasis (including detoxification mechanisms) in stressful environments, then less energy will be available for reproduction. Stressful environmental conditions may also select for an increased offspring autonomy (typically achieved through increased embryo/neonate size), but this often comes at a cost in the form of a reduced fecundity. Here, we employed standard protocols to characterize ten life-history traits of an invasive viviparous freshwater fish (Poecilia reticulata) occurring along a gradient of diffuse water pollution of domestic and industrial origins in Brazil. Comparing nine populations exposed to varying pollution levels within a single watershed, we demonstrate life-history divergence in several traits, partly following the pollution gradient, but also additional ecological predictor variables like stream velocity or dissolved oxygen. As predicted, fewer adults of both sexes reproduced as pollution levels intensified and male (but not female) lean mass decreased. While males showed the predicted reduced investment into reproduction, females actually increased reproductive investment at more polluted sites. Also counter to prediction, females showed an increased fecundity and a tendency towards smaller (not larger) offspring size. It appears that the offspring size/fecundity trade-off became a target of divergent selection in polluted waters. Alongside the observed increase in female reproductive allocation, this is consistent with selection for a reproductive "live-fast-and-die-young" strategy. Follow-up studies should address a key assumption of this hypothesis, namely, that adult mortality increases in polluted stream sections. We emphasize how pollution can alter evolutionary trajectories of the exposed populations in rather unexpected ways and that the exact target of selection and potentially involved trade-offs need to be identified.},
}
@article {pmid42163083,
year = {2026},
author = {Flister, J and Tinker-Tsavalas, A and Voigt-Heucke, S and Schröder, B and Griesbaum, F},
title = {The City Nature Challenge as an urban BioBlitz: evaluating Citizen Science contributions to biodiversity monitoring in Berlin.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42163083},
issn = {2730-7182},
mesh = {*Citizen Science ; *Biodiversity ; Berlin ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Animals ; Cities ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Humans ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The human-induced loss of biodiversity demands innovative, resource efficient monitoring approaches, such as Citizen Science, to complement traditional biodiversity monitoring methods. BioBlitz events are an established Citizen Science format for biodiversity monitoring that generates as many species observations as possible in a short period of time and within a limited area through collaboration between scientists, the public and nature enthusiasts. The most prominent example of a large-scale worldwide urban BioBlitz event is the City Nature Challenge (CNC). This study investigates whether and how BioBlitz events, specifically the CNC Berlin, can complement existing biodiversity monitoring by addressing three key questions: (1) how species composition compares to existing datasets, (2) how data quality varies across taxonomic groups and participants, and (3) how participant engagement shapes data generation. We further assess taxonomic biases in the CNC Berlin 2023 and 2024 datasets to evaluate their contribution to urban biodiversity monitoring. For a better understanding, the CNC Berlin data is compared with a reference dataset from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), an international open-access database compiling biodiversity records from multiple observation platforms. The reference dataset is limited to Berlin, covers a comparable time period and includes biodiversity data from a number of Citizen Science observation platforms.<br><br>RESULTS: Participation in CNC Berlin has increased substantially, with the number of contributors rising from 184 in 2023 to 361 in 2024, reflecting growing involvement. Analysis of the uploaded observations during CNC 2023 and 2024 in Berlin revealed clear differences in participant activity levels: while highly active individuals were few, they contributed a substantial portion of the total observations. The comparison of the observed species in taxonomic groups from CNC Berlin 2023 and 2024 with the GBIF reference dataset revealed the impact of highly active species experts participating in BioBlitz events on particular species groups like fungi and lichens. This highlights the influence of species experts on BioBlitz datasets. In total birds, reptiles, fish, and mammals were more likely to reach "Research Grade" status on iNaturalist, whereas arachnids, protozoans, insects, and chromista had substantially lower Research-Grade rates. Of the 2,440 species listed in the GBIF reference dataset, 1,027 species (42%) were also recorded during CNC Berlin 2023 and 2024. Observations included threatened amphibians, such as the Spadefoot Toad (Pelobates fuscus) and the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus), rare birds like the Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra), and several invasive species, including crayfish (Procambarus spp.) and Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum). Notably, the potentially invasive mysid Hemimysis anomala was recorded in Berlin for the first time ever in 2024. As observations from CNC 2023 had more time to reach "Research Grade" than those from 2024, differences between years should be interpreted with caution.<br><br>CONCLUSION: BioBlitz events and Citizen Science in general, can provide valuable data that can complement traditional biodiversity monitoring and help to close research gaps, particularly by documenting endangered, invasive and non-native species, and other conservation-relevant taxa. We encourage other researchers to investigate large BioBlitz datasets like CNCs in other parts of the world or even comprehensively on a larger geographic scale.},
}
@article {pmid42165637,
year = {2026},
author = {García-López de Haro, E and González-Medina, E and Cabello-Vergel, J and Precioso, M and Masero, JA and Villegas, A and Gutiérrez, JS},
title = {Invasive songbirds show greater heat, but not cold tolerance than Mediterranean native counterparts.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.252045},
pmid = {42165637},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {Complementary Plan for Biodiversity (LA4) - FEDER Funds//Junta de Extremadura/ ; Complementary Plan for Biodiversity (LA4) - FEDER Funds//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/ ; },
abstract = {Global climate change and biological invasions rank among the leading threats to biodiversity. Rising temperatures can promote invasions by favouring ectothermic species capable of maintaining physiological performance across broader thermal ranges, yet comparative evidence in endotherms remains limited. Here, we examine the heat and cold tolerance limits of three (sub)tropical invasive passerine species: Common waxbill (Estrilda astrild), Red avadavat (Amandava amandava), and Yellow-crowned bishop (Euplectes afer); and three temperate native passerine species of comparable size and ecology co-occurring in the Mediterranean basin-Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), Serin (Serinus serinus), and Great tit (Parus major). To assess heat tolerance, we exposed individuals to increasing air temperatures (Ta) during summer and measured their resting metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, the ratio of evaporative heat loss to metabolic heat production, and subcutaneous temperature. During winter, we measured cold tolerance as the minimum tolerated Ta (in a helium-oxygen atmosphere) and the associated changes in core temperature. As predicted, invasive species exhibited higher heat tolerance limits than native species, associated with a delayed onset of evaporative responses and higher evaporative scopes under extreme heat. Moreover, invasive species made greater use of facultative hyperthermia. However, cold tolerance limits did not differ significantly between invasive and native species. These results indicate that some invasive songbirds possess enhanced heat tolerance while maintaining comparable cold performance, which may allow them to occupy broader thermal environments than their temperate native counterparts. Our findings highlight that physiology plays a substantial role in the success of invasive endotherms.},
}
@article {pmid42036461,
year = {2026},
author = {Zarcero, J and Antich, A and Fernández-Tejedor, M and Palacín, C and Wangensteen, OS and Rius, M and Turon, X},
title = {Spatio-temporal metabarcoding surveys in ports reveal homogenised communities of non-indigenous species with high genetic diversity and connectivity.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42036461},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Genetic Variation ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Haplotypes ; *Introduced Species ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Mediterranean Sea ; },
abstract = {Large commercial ports facilitate the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS), while smaller harbours and marinas promote their regional spread, making harbour networks key drivers of biological invasions. We analysed spatio-temporal patterns of metazoan communities over one year in four medium-size harbours, as well as at an outside reference point, along the NW Mediterranean coast using standardised biological collectors and COI metabarcoding. We identified 1,774 metazoan molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), of which 75 were classified as NIS. Although less diverse than native species, NIS accounted for 34-70% of reads in harbours, with the southernmost harbour showing the highest abundance, likely due to proximity to aquaculture facilities. Spatial structure varied among harbours, but NIS showed consistently low genetic differentiation and shared more MOTUs among sites than native species. Seasonal patterns affected both NIS and native communities. NIS also exhibited higher haplotype diversity and lower genetic differentiation across harbours, suggesting spread via local boating and recurrent introductions. These results highlight contrasting dynamics between NIS and native species in artificial environments and underscore the need for continued monitoring of harbour networks.},
}
@article {pmid42154746,
year = {2026},
author = {Shirima, G and Fairbanks, EL and Gavana, T and Kiwelu, G and Nambunga, I and Mlacha, YP and Mirau, S and Chaki, P and Chitnis, N and Kiware, S},
title = {Modelling the impact of larviciding as a supplementary malaria vector control intervention in rural south-eastern Tanzania: A district-level simulation study.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {e0337662},
pmid = {42154746},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Tanzania/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/drug effects ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; *Malaria/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; Anopheles ; Humans ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; Rural Population ; Insecticide-Treated Bednets ; Larva/drug effects ; *Computer Simulation ; Bayes Theorem ; },
abstract = {Combining larviciding with insecticide treated nets (ITNs) can reduce malaria transmission. However, most modelling analyses use generalized scenarios rather than incorporating local epidemiological and ecological contexts. In Tanzania and other countries, larviciding is increasingly being prioritized in national strategies, with growing advocacy for its broader implementation, to achieving sustained malaria reduction. District-specific modelling is therefore essential to capture variation in transmission ecology, seasonality, and varying coverage levels, providing evidence that is both rigorous and actionable for malaria control programs. The Vector Control Optimization Model (VCOM) was adapted and extended to incorporate local seasonality, simulating the impact of larviciding across a range of coverage levels combined with ITNs. The model was parameterized using district-level field-data on mosquito mortality collected before (2016-2017) and after (2019-2021) larviciding implementation. Mosquito mortality rates were estimated using Bayesian inference. Outcomes were evaluated specifically for Anopheles gambiae s.l. including annual entomological inoculation rates (EIR) and mosquito density. Sensitivity analysis explored the influence of key parameters driving transmission in this scenario study. The immature mosquito mortality rate due to larviciding was 61% based on field data. VCOM simulation showed that, at 80%, ITNs coverage, larviciding substantially reduced mosquito densities and EIR. Specifically, combining ITNs at 80% and larviciding coverage ≥ 60% lowered EIR below 1 ib/p/year, the threshold required to interrupt malaria transmission. Sensitivity analyses highlighted the high impact of targeting immature mosquitoes, suggesting larviciding can effectively complement ITNs to control vectors, including invasive species like An. stephensi, regardless of feeding preference, resting, and biting behaviors, which hinder the effectiveness of most vector control tools. This study provides local evidence that larviciding is an effective complement to ITNs for interrupting malaria transmission. Implementation should leverage innovative approaches, such as drones for precise mapping and targeted application of biological larvicides, to maximize coverage, and scalability for district-level malaria control and elimination.},
}
@article {pmid42159058,
year = {2026},
author = {Lucas, MS and Rosche, C and Hensen, I and Michalski, SG and Nagy, DU and Gamba, D and Onstein, RE and Abidkulova, K and Al-Gharaibeh, M and Al-Namazi, AA and Babaei, S and Bastida, F and Brunharo, C and Caillon, A and Callaway, RM and Clair, SS and Cullen, DA and Donnelly, R and Ennis, A and Ensing, DJ and Eren, &#xd6; and Erst, A and Filep, R and Flory, L and Frazee, LJ and Gafforov, Y and Gendron, F and Gudžinskas, Z and Guilliams, CM and Hajdari, A and Hao, JH and Haramoto, E and Ivashchenko, AA and Jun, L and Kane, N and Kaproth, MA and Kassem, H and Khabbach, A and Khasa, DP and Koski, M and Kozhevnikova, M and Krigas, N and Krivenko, D and Lasky, JR and Lekberg, Y and Libiad, M and Lozano, V and Luo, W and Makhkamov, T and Marchante, E and Moffat, C and Moore, A and Muldashev, A and Nersesyan, A and Olsson, PLA and Oprea, A and Pal, R and Papikyan, A and Proctor, C and Prokhorov, V and Ramula, S and Rauschert, E and Reatini, B and Rixen, C and Rush, S and Rutten, G and Saadani, M and Samartza, I and Selke, J and Senator, S and Shah, MA and Sheng, M and Sheriff, J and Shukherdorj, B and Sikkema, P and Silaeva, T and Suzuki, SN and Thoma, AE and Tian, B and Tokhtar, V and Träger, S and Tsunoda, T and Turginov, O and Turner, KG and Vakhlamova, T and Vinogradova, Y and Wagner, V and Westberg, L and Xiao, S and Barratt, CD and Durka, W},
title = {Population Genomics of a Cosmopolitan Weed Provides Insights Into Its Local Adaptation and Recent Demographic History.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {10},
pages = {e70368},
doi = {10.1111/mec.70368},
pmid = {42159058},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {RO 6418/1-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; W47038118//Deutsches Zentrum f&#xfc;r integrative Biodiversit&#xe4;tsforschung Halle-Jena-Leipzig/ ; },
mesh = {*Genetics, Population ; *Plant Weeds/genetics ; Introduced Species ; Genetic Variation ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; North America ; Genotype ; Genomics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species present a growing ecological and economic challenge, and often adapt rapidly to their novel environments through complex demographic and evolutionary processes. Invasion genomics offers powerful tools to disentangle these processes, but most studies rely on geographically narrow sampling across native and non-native ranges. Erigeron canadensis is a cosmopolitan weed native to North America that has successfully invaded diverse climates worldwide. We used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of 280 E. canadensis populations across the Northern Hemisphere. We found that native and non-native populations maintained comparable genetic diversity. Population structure analyses revealed four genetic clusters that were mainly differentiated along latitudinal and aridity gradients. However, one cluster was strongly overrepresented in the non-native compared to the native range. In the native range, genetic differentiation was shaped by spatial and environmental gradients, while in non-native regions human-mediated dispersal and repeated introductions disrupted environmentally driven genetic structure. Migration network analyses revealed limited intercontinental connectivity and a possible role of long-distance dispersal in within-range expansions. Genomic offset analyses showed that genotype-environment mismatches in non-native populations associated with reduced growth and reproduction. Together, our results indicate that the invasion dynamics of E. canadensis were driven by multiple introductions, population admixture, and lineage sorting, while some genotypes contributed disproportionately to the spread of this invader. The presence of apparent maladaptation suggests that even long-established invaders may still be evolving in response to their novel environment, raising concerns about potential future expansions.},
}
@article {pmid42159753,
year = {2026},
author = {Chala, D and Tsegaye, D and Alem, H and Asalf, B and Moges, ME and Abate, NT and Wondie, A and Tadesse, AT and Aticho, A and Gonsamo, A and Wang, L and Lundgren, E and Kerby, J and Svenning, JC},
title = {Beyond Removal: Strategies for Sustainable Control of Water Hyacinth in Tropical Freshwater Ecosystems.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42159753},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Eichhornia ; Lakes ; Introduced Species ; Eutrophication ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Ethiopia ; Fresh Water ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Water hyacinth is among the world's most damaging aquatic invasive plants, forming dense mats that disrupt ecosystem functioning, fisheries, navigation, and livelihoods across tropical and subtropical freshwater systems. Its rapid spread is driven by clonal propagation, short life cycles, and prolific seed production, particularly under nutrient-enriched conditions. Although mechanical, chemical, and biological control methods are widely applied, their long-term effectiveness remains uncertain when underlying eutrophication persists. Here, we present a large-scale, one-time water hyacinth removal campaign in Lake Tana, Ethiopia's largest lake and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, as a representative nutrient-rich tropical freshwater system. Using high-resolution satellite imagery, we quantified coverage one month before removal, one month after removal, and one year later. We integrated SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis with a socio-ecological system map to assess mitigation mechanisms and identify sustainable management pathways capable of providing long-term solutions to halt water hyacinth proliferation in freshwater bodies. The campaign removed over 75% (~1271 ha) of water hyacinth, yet within one year the plant resurged to levels ~18% higher than pre-removal. This rebound highlights the ecological resilience of water hyacinth and the limitations of short term, noncontinuous control strategies. Our analysis identifies unmanaged catchment nutrient inputs as the primary driver of proliferation. Lake Tana serves as a model system demonstrating that water hyacinth functions less as a traditional invader and more as a bioindicator of eutrophication. We propose a transferable conceptual and methodological framework combining continuous removal, catchment-based nutrient management, and circular bioeconomy approaches, offering globally relevant lessons for sustainable management of nutrient-enriched tropical freshwater systems.},
}
@article {pmid41855965,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, T and Yang, L and Liu, H and Qiu, S and Jiang, Q and Lv, W and Wang, Y},
title = {Ecological impacts of herbicide control in a protected coastal wetland of Chongming Island (Yangtze River Estuary, eastern China) assessed using macrobenthic indicators.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {228},
number = {},
pages = {119601},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119601},
pmid = {41855965},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; China ; *Herbicides ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Biodiversity ; Estuaries ; Invertebrates ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Poaceae ; Animals ; Rivers ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {This study employed a suite of macrobenthic indices, including diversity indices, abundance-biomass comparison (ABC) curves, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), the AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), and multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI), to evaluate the ecological effects of management interventions for the invasive Spartina alterniflora in the northern coastal wetland reserve of Chongming Island, implemented using haloxyfop-R-methyl (HM) and imazapyr acid (IA) treatments. Eight different management zones (S1-S8) were sampled in July 2023 (23-7), November 2023 (23-11), and July 2024 (24-7). In total, 20 macrobenthic species were recorded. The results indicate that broadcast HM application in areas with low initial diversity (S2, S3) markedly disrupted macrozoobenthic community structure, with community attributes shifting toward a disturbed/degraded state. By contrast, the high-baseline-diversity area (S4) exhibited lower sensitivity to HM intervention, and its seasonal successional trajectory more closely resembled that of the pristine reference site (S1). The HM precision application area (S5) showed reduced diversity and altered community structure, while M-AMBI suggested partial recovery in ecological quality after one year. The combined mowing plus precision HM treatment area (S6) showed a rapid short-term loss of diversity following intervention and then a degree of recovery with seasonal progression; however, community stability and maturity remained perturbed, indicating potential lagged and fluctuating recovery dynamics. The IA precision-application areas (S7, S8) generally exhibited weaker disturbance signals, promoted shifts in dominant taxa and reorganization of functional groups. Overall, this study integrates multiple macrobenthic indices to provide a practical management and monitoring approach for invasive plant control.},
}
@article {pmid42151240,
year = {2026},
author = {Park, J and Kim, EN and Choi, S and Li, S and Jeong, GS and Na, M},
title = {Effects of guaiane sesquiterpenoids from the invasive species Ambrosia trifida on inflammatory bowel disease by targeting JAK2/STAT3 signaling.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-50021-3},
pmid = {42151240},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Ambrosia trifida, known worldwide as an invasive species, threatens agriculture and ecosystems and causes severe allergic reactions in humans. As part of the effort to valorize this harmful plant, a phytochemical investigation of A. trifida led to the isolation of one new guaiane sesquiterpenoid (1S,7R,10R)-10,11-dihydroxy-4-guaien-3-one (1), together with two diastereomers (2 and 3). Their structures were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods, including NMR, HRMS, optical rotation, and ECD calculations. (1S,7R,10R)-11-Hydroxy-4-guaien-3-one (2) was isolated for the first time from nature. Its (1R,7R,10S)-diastereomer (3) has not been previously reported in the Compositae family. Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses, the effects of 1-3 on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were examined. Among the isolates, only 2 exhibited anti-inflammatory and tight junction regulatory activities by targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in Caco-2 cells. In contrast, its diastereomer 3 was inactive, indicating that the stereochemical configuration at C-1 and C-10 plays a critical role in biological activity. This study suggests that guaiane sesquiterpenoids may be useful for the treatment of IBD, and the findings serve as a basis for a wide range of applications of this invasive plant as a useful resource.},
}
@article {pmid42143811,
year = {2026},
author = {López-Darias, M and Saavedra Bolaños, JF and Sánchez Rivero, JM and Martín, AC and Piquet, JC and Maestresalas, B and Gallo-Barneto, R},
title = {Towards the design of a selective trap for an invasive snake.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {408},
number = {},
pages = {129887},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129887},
pmid = {42143811},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Invasive snakes pose a growing threat to biodiversity, yet effective and selective trapping tools remain scarce for their adequate control. This study presents the design and evaluation of novel mechanisms aimed at enhancing trap selectivity for the control of the invasive California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae). We tested custom-designed entrance mechanisms-including funnels, turnstiles, U-shaped profiles, and longitudinal systems-under controlled and field conditions experiments and explored their success in minimizing non-target captures of endemic reptiles (Gallotia stehlini and Chalcides sexlineatus). Controlled experiments revealed that all selective mechanisms successfully guided L. californiae, while excluding non-target species. Field trials confirmed the high selectivity of the mechanisms, reducing non-target captures by over 98% compared to control traps. Although some mechanisms showed reduced effectiveness for smaller snakes, the integration of a 21 × 21 mm entrance profile and selective mechanism designs significantly improved operational efficiency. These findings offer scalable solutions for invasive snake management elsewhere and highlight the importance of trap refinement in optimizing control programs globally.},
}
@article {pmid42144981,
year = {2026},
author = {Callahan, P and Rijal, J and Gyawaly, S and Gonzalez, F and Joyce, A},
title = {Hemiptera diversity using the mtDNA COI barcode in almond orchards in the Northern San Joaquin Valley of California.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toag123},
pmid = {42144981},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {ENTO23//Almond Board of California/ ; },
abstract = {Almonds (Prunus dulcis) (Mill.) are an economically important crop in California, with an estimated value of $8.6 billion dollars annually. The aim of this study was to identify the hemipteran pest and beneficial species in conventionally managed almond orchards when the developing almond crop was vulnerable to feeding damage. Insects were collected in 9 orchards by multiple methods and then Hemiptera were sorted to morphospecies. The DNA barcode of the mitochondrial DNA COI gene was sequenced for each specimen. For each species, the haplotype diversity was determined. A high diversity of Hemiptera was collected, including 26 species from 12 families. Pest species included Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Lygus hesperus Knight, and Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae); beneficials included Brochymena quadripustulata (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Orius spp. Wolff (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Nabis spp. Latreille (Hemiptera: Nabidae) and Geocoris atricolor Montandon (Hemiptera: Geocoridae). Several orchards had high species diversity (13 species), others had only one species recovered. Haplotype diversity was low in most pest species except for L. hesperus (0.6) and was high in 2 beneficial groups, Nabis spp. and Orius tristicolor (White) (0.6 to 0.76). Hemipteran pests were detected through the time when developing almonds were susceptible to feeding damage, while beneficial Hemiptera were more abundant later. Correct identification of insect species is an integral component to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to trace the origin of invasive species, uncover cryptic species, and to develop a relationship between species and crop damage.},
}
@article {pmid42102998,
year = {2026},
author = {Savoca, D and Orecchio, S and Maccotta, A and Bruno, M and Arizza, V and Barreca, S and Arrabito, G and Amorello, D},
title = {Tracking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) across Palermo with the invasive grass Cenchrus setaceus (syn. Pennisetum setaceum).},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {400},
number = {},
pages = {128279},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128279},
pmid = {42102998},
issn = {1873-6424},
mesh = {*Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis/metabolism ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Sicily ; Seasons ; *Poaceae/chemistry ; *Air Pollutants/analysis ; Introduced Species ; *Pennisetum/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants posing significant environmental and health risks. This study evaluates the suitability of the invasive grass Cenchrus setaceus (syn. Pennisetum setaceum) as a passive collector of PAHs contamination across urban and coastal areas of Palermo, Sicily. Sampling campaigns were conducted in August and December at 12 sites characterised by varying levels of traffic intensity and anthropogenic pressure. Sixteen priority PAHs were extracted from inflorescence tissues and quantified by GC-MS in selected ion monitoring mode. Seasonal variations in PAH concentrations, with total levels ranging from 86.2 to 254.1 ng g[-1] in summer and from 49.4 to 1217 ng g[-1] in winter, were confirmed by a one-way PERMANOVA (p = 0.0042). Low molecular weight PAHs predominated in summer, whereas intermediate and high molecular weight PAHs increased in winter. This reflects temperature-dependent gas-particle partitioning, deposition processes and emission patterns. Diagnostic isomeric ratios indicated predominantly mixed sources of PAHs, mainly driven by vehicular traffic and liquid fossil fuel combustion, with additional contributions from biomass and coal combustion, as well as minor petrogenic contributions. Our results demonstrate that C. setaceus, which is widely distributed along road verges and anthropized habitats, effectively integrates atmospheric PAHs deposition over time. This supports its potential use as a passive biomonitor. Furthermore, incorporating this species into urban and coastal environmental assessments could facilitate dual management, enabling contamination monitoring while promoting the valorisation of biomass into high value-added bio-based products within circular economy strategies.},
}
@article {pmid42141133,
year = {2026},
author = {Myers, KO and Raubenolt, JA and Perkovich, C and Ranger, C and Lehnert, MS},
title = {Invasive ambrosia beetles have zinc-enriched mandibles: support for the metal-prioritization hypothesis and insights into the mechanisms of metal deposition.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-53349-y},
pmid = {42141133},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The hardness of the structural tools of insects can be increased through the integration of transition metals into the cuticle. However, questions remain regarding metal predominancies for insect cuticle (i.e., metal-prioritization hypothesis) and whether metals accumulate in the cuticle across life stages. To address these questions, we characterized structures in an insect-fungal-plant host system, including mandibles of invasive ambrosia beetles, their fungal diet, and the wood the fungus digests. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed low concentrations of transition metals in the wood, fungus, and neonate mandibles. High concentrations of zinc, however, were found in the distal regions of mandibles of third-instar larvae and adults, confirming diet as the source of transition metals and a lack of maternal inheritance. Confocal microscopy of mandibles showed sclerotization patterns that coincided with zinc distributions and nanoindentation confirmed increased hardness and elastic modulus in zinc-enriched locations. Patterns of zinc concentrations on the mandible surface suggest that metals do not accumulate in the cuticle through life stages. Instead, zinc-enriched cuticle is lost at each molt and replaced by zinc acquired from the previous instar's diet, thus revealing a physiological mechanism by which specific transition metals are retained and accumulate within each instar for future cuticle deposition.},
}
@article {pmid41936639,
year = {2026},
author = {Aykut, TO and Crucitti-Thoo, RM and Rudak, A and Jasser, I},
title = {Caught Between Invasions: Community Structure and Environmental Drivers of Cyanobacteria in a Vulnerable Post-glacial Lake Region.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {89},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41936639},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {BOB-IDUB-622-666/2023//Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Invasive cyanobacterial species can profoundly disrupt aquatic ecosystems by outcompeting native taxa, forming blooms and often producing harmful toxins, ultimately threatening biodiversity and water quality. This study investigated the composition and spatial distribution of cyanobacterial communities in post-glacial temperate lakes located in between central and eastern Poland. Particular emphasis was placed on the occurrence of invasive cyanobacteria and their associations with environmental variables. To achieve these objectives, water samples were collected from multiple lakes during the summers of 2023 and 2024. Key environmental parameters were analyzed in relation to cyanobacterial diversity, community structure, and occurrence of invasive taxa. A total of 170 cyanobacterial taxa were recorded in 2023 and 120 in 2024, including invasive species such as Raphidiopsis raciborskii, Raphidiopsis mediterranea, Chrysosporum bergii, and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides. Although these species exhibited relatively low overall abundance, their prevalence increased noticeably in 2024. Redundancy analysis could not identify specific environmental variables affecting invasive species. Next-generation sequencing was used to identify invasive species from environmental DNA and to compare these results with microscopic analyses, indicating that invasive species were more diverse than found microscopically. According to the complete dataset, the species investigated as “invasive” in north-eastern Poland are more appropriately regarded as alien taxa, though the slow and steady spread of these species is visible.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00248-026-02749-8.},
}
@article {pmid42133090,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, Y and Li, S and Xu, D and Wang, X and Chen, B and Huang, F and Zhang, H},
title = {Development of a multitemporal image differencing approach for identifying invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42133090},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Eichhornia ; *Introduced Species ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Satellite Imagery ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Invasive aquatic plants such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) pose significant threats to freshwater ecosystems through obstruction of waterways, alteration of hydrodynamics, and impacts on biodiversity. Effective monitoring is critical for ecosystem protection and sustainable water management. However, learning-based approaches, such as machine learning and deep learning, require extensive annotated training data and substantial computational resources, limiting their suitability for large-scale operational monitoring. To address this, we developed a multitemporal image differencing (MID) approach that leverages the highly dynamic nature of water hyacinth in flowing waters. By analyzing a sequence of multitemporal satellite images, MID directly captures spatial and temporal changes, enabling timely and reliable detection of both established and newly forming patches. MID achieved an overall accuracy of 90.7%, comparable to the random forest classifier at 91.0%, while providing better discrimination of dynamic water hyacinth from stable nontarget vegetation, reflecting its ability to exploit temporal dynamics that single-date classifiers cannot capture. With high computational efficiency, simplicity, and scalability, MID is highly suitable for large-scale operational monitoring of invasive aquatic plants. These results demonstrate that MID is a robust and scalable framework for supporting ecological management and timely decision-making in dynamic freshwater systems.},
}
@article {pmid42137234,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, WQ and Liu, YS and Chen, ZP and Li, JL and Hou, HX and Zu, GH},
title = {The analysis of mitochondrial genome and new distribution of the invasive pest, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910).},
journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {739-743},
pmid = {42137234},
issn = {2380-2359},
abstract = {Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is an invasive species that has invaded China. This study reports the first sequencing and assembly of its complete mitochondrial genome. The results show that the mitochondrial genome of L. occidentalis contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding control region, with a total length of 15752 bp and an A + T content of 72.9%. Based on phylogenetic analyses, L. occidentalis and L. membranaceus (Fabricius, 1781) are sister species. Additionally, in Tianjin, Shaanxi, and Guangdong Provinces, new distribution records of this species were documented in this study.},
}
@article {pmid42139224,
year = {2026},
author = {Kianfar, N and Savoji, K and Huang, X and Yang, D and Mollalo, A},
title = {The role of citizen science in mosquito-borne disease surveillance and control: A scoping review.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {e0348697},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0348697},
pmid = {42139224},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Citizen Science/methods ; Humans ; Animals ; *Vector Borne Diseases/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Culicidae/virology ; Mosquito Vectors/virology ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; Mosquito-Borne Diseases ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) pose substantial global health and economic burdens. Although conventional MBDs surveillance systems remain essential, they are often resource-intensive, uneven in coverage, and often insufficiently responsive to spatio-temporal variations in mosquito presence and risk. Citizen science, increasingly enabled by mobile and digital technologies, offers a scalable complement to expand surveillance reach and timeliness. However, existing reviews have not comprehensively integrated evidence across diverse dimensions of citizen science applied to MBDs surveillance and control.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1, 2000, to October 17, 2025, to identify peer-reviewed studies examining citizen science applications in MBDs surveillance and control. Data were extracted and synthesized on study characteristics, participation objectives, recruitment strategies, citizen-generated data and technologies, validation mechanisms, effort-bias handling, analytical approaches, public health outputs, reported biases and methodological limitations, and ethical and governance practices.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 3,734 records identified, 61 studies met inclusion criteria, with most published after 2017 (93.4%). Studies were conducted in Europe (44.3%) and the Americas (21.3%), with minimal representation from Asia (3.3%). Malaria-related surveillance was most common (23.0%), followed by dengue (13.1%), with other mosquito-borne diseases examined only sporadically, including West Nile virus (4.9%), Usutu virus (1.6%), La Crosse virus (1.6%), and California serogroup viruses (1.6%). Most studies were conducted in urban settings (47.5%), followed by mixed urban-rural contexts (36.1%), with relatively few exclusively in rural areas (18.0%). Mosquito Alert was the most frequently reported platform (23.0%), followed by GLOBE Observer (13.1%) and iNaturalist (11.5%). Commonly reported outputs included trend analyses (52.5%), risk-factor identification (44.3%), spatial predictions (42.6%), hotspot mapping (19.7%), and risk modeling (16.4%). Reporting of ethical and governance practices was inconsistent across studies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The growing body of evidence indicates that citizen science can enhance mosquito surveillance, particularly for monitoring invasive species and spatio-temporal trends. Nevertheless, gaps in methodological rigor, representativeness, and ethical transparency limit its broader operational use.},
}
@article {pmid42140961,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, CW and Liao, HX and Callaway, RM and Su, ZY and Zou, JK and Liu, A and Wu, YR and Fang, YQ and Peng, SL and Chen, BM},
title = {Divergence among species with "good competitor" and "good cultivator" strategies promotes asymmetric facilitation among co-invaders.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-73076-2},
pmid = {42140961},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {32471739//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 2023A1515010669//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Guangdong Natural Science Foundation)/ ; },
abstract = {Facilitative interactions among co-invaders may lead to invasional meltdown, accelerating non-native species accumulation and exacerbating ecological impacts over time. However, it remains unclear why certain non-native combinations promote facilitation while others do not, and may even constrain invasions. To address this question, we examine six invasive species in the Asteraceae family along two strategic dimensions: competitiveness and capacity to cultivate invader-promoting microbial communities. We then create experimental combinations to mix "good competitors" and "good cultivators" to varying degrees to form a "strategic divergence" gradient. We hypothesize greater strategic divergences generate more intense facilitations, whereas similar strategies generate inhibitions. Strategic divergence correlates with facilitation, but interactions are asymmetric: strong competitive suppressors of natives benefit from co-invasions with weaker competitors that cultivate favorable microbial environments but the performance of the latter are generally suppressed by the strong competitors. Metagenomic sequencing further indicates that good cultivators may promote facilitation by repelling pathogens (Ascomycota) and deterring microbes that might be exclusively beneficial for natives (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetota). Our results provide empirical evidence for the importance of strategic divergence among invasive species and offer a mechanistic basis for predicting which combinations of co-invading species might generate facilitation and which might result in inhibition.},
}
@article {pmid41671067,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, YF and Fu, QY and Chang, HC and Dong, BC and Yu, FH},
title = {Parental herbivory shapes offspring performance across genotypes in an invasive clonal plant.},
journal = {Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {1109-1118},
doi = {10.1111/plb.70193},
pmid = {41671067},
issn = {1438-8677},
support = {31500331//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory/physiology ; Animals ; Genotype ; Plant Leaves/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Spodoptera/physiology ; Introduced Species ; China ; },
abstract = {Parental environmental effects play a crucial role in clonal plants, potentially enabling clonal offspring to pre-adapt to environmental changes. However, few studies have examined whether such parental effects differ between genotypes and whether they enhance both growth and defence. We conducted a two-generation herbivory experiment using six genotypes of the invasive clonal plant Hydrocotyle verticillata and the native generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura in China. We tested how parental herbivory (PH) effects influence offspring survival, growth, and herbivory defence, and whether these parental effects vary among genotypes. Herbivory significantly reduced leaf mass and leaf number of parental plants, while increasing its specific leaf area. PH enhanced offspring survival by 21% and tended to increase offspring leaf mass. However, clonal offspring from herbivory-treated parental plants suffered equally severe defoliation (>95%) as control offspring. While most parental effects were consistent across genotypes, root mass and specific leaf area showed genotype-dependent responses. Notably, genotype G4 exhibited markedly elevated SLA following PH despite having the lowest offspring survival. Our results reveal an asymmetric transgenerational strategy in invasive H. verticillata, that is, PH enhances offspring growth and survival without conferring herbivory defence. This decoupling of growth enhancement from defence induction represents an evolutionary trade-off that may facilitate rapid colonization but leaves invasive populations vulnerable to herbivore pressure. Consequently, while this transgenerational plasticity facilitates range expansion and population establishment in herbivore-free habitats, it may render invasive populations susceptible to regulation by specialist or generalist herbivores during secondary contact.},
}
@article {pmid42128692,
year = {2026},
author = {Abram, PK and Beers, EH and Coslor, CC and Diehl, B and Franklin, MT and Nottingham, LB and Thiessen, J and Tsuruda, M and Carrillo, J},
title = {Island invasions by the non-native vinegar fly Drosophila suzukii and its parasitoid wasps.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {e70237},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70237},
pmid = {42128692},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {ALLRP 570736-2021//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)/ ; J-002646//Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/ ; J-002839//Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/ ; J-003401//Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Drosophila/parasitology/physiology ; *Islands ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Washington ; British Columbia ; Animal Distribution ; Larva ; },
abstract = {Understanding how island characteristics influence the establishment and impact of invasive species and their natural enemies could inform both island biogeography and biological control theory. We studied the occurrence and relative abundances of the globally invasive vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii, and its recently introduced larval parasitoids, Leptopilina japonica and Ganaspis kimorum, across islands with varying sizes and levels of human-mediated transport in the Gulf and San Juan Islands of British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA). Across 2 years and 58 sites, we collected D. suzukii and its parasitoids from wild blackberry, Rubus armeniacus, fruit. We predicted that parasitoids were more likely to be present on larger islands with higher levels of human activity and higher D. suzukii densities, and that the less specialized parasitoid species (L. japonica) would be more likely to establish on islands. We detected D. suzukii across all islands, indicating widespread establishment of this invasive pest. In contrast, we observed parasitoids on fewer than half of the islands. Leptopilina japonica was the only parasitoid of D. suzukii detected on islands. Parasitoid presence was significantly positively associated with host density and marginally positively associated with island area, but not average annual vehicle ferry traffic (an indicator of human-mediated propagule pressure). Parasitism levels were low throughout the study region and we did not observe lower relative abundances of D. suzukii on islands where parasitoids were present-in fact, the relative abundance of D. suzukii tended to be higher on islands where the parasitoid L. japonica was detected. These findings suggest that island characteristics, host density, and a consumer's host specificity may be associated with the spread of natural enemies from mainland areas to islands, but that the natural enemy's presence may not inevitably result in pest population suppression on islands, at least over the short term.},
}
@article {pmid42132082,
year = {2026},
author = {Tachibana, S and Nishikawa, S},
title = {Walking inhibition effect of different surfaces in apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70926},
pmid = {42132082},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Nippon Life Insurance Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The apple snail Pomacea canaliculata causes significant damage to the agricultural industry, primarily in Asia, by feeding on rice leaves and other crops. Although it has been designated as a priority invasive species in Japan and various measures to control it have been implemented, its range expanded to 35 prefectures by 2022. Though chemical control methods like pesticides and collection of adult snails are common, the efficiency is low due to the large number of eggs laid. This study investigated surface structures that inhibit the vertical movement of apple snails, as a new non-chemical control method, reducing their ability to climb emergent structures where oviposition occurs.<br><br>RESULTS: Laboratory experiments involving walking on differently shaped surfaces revealed several effective designs, such as slits and thorns, for the prevention of snail movement. Surfaces featuring horizontal (5&#x2009;mm high &#xd7;&#x2009;15&#x2009;mm interval) and vertical (5&#x2009;mm high &#xd7;&#x2009;5&#x2009;mm interval) slits strongly reduced upward passage to approximately 0.4 and 5.1%, respectively, compared with that on the control surface at 19.7% (risk differences: -19.2 and -14.5 percentage points).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study presented the structures to be designed and the verification methods possible in the laboratory. Surface structures that inhibit walking can be applied as a new control method for capture traps and concrete waterways. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42132293,
year = {2026},
author = {Tian, C and Yang, B and García-Girón, J and Li, Z and Kua, ZX and Du, X and Xin, W and Zhou, X and Duan, M and Chen, Y},
title = {Niche Differentiation of Native Species Promotes Biotic Resistance to Invasion in Freshwater Fishes Worldwide.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {e70905},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70905},
pmid = {42132293},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2023YFC3209002//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; //HNUST Freshwater and Marine Conservation Program/ ; 52579079//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U2240207//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 52309094//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 0017-2024-RIA1//Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) Macao SAR/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Rivers ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Understanding the resistance of native fauna to biological invasions is essential for predicting and managing freshwater fish diversity under accelerating global change. Using fish and environmental data from 2622 river basins worldwide, we quantified how niche differentiation, phylogenetic and functional diversity, and richness of native species, as well as environmental factors contribute to non-native fish richness and occurrence. Our results show that niche differentiation of native fishes is the key determinant of biotic resistance: when native species occupy broader and more heterogeneous niche spaces, both the richness and occurrence probability of non-native fishes decline significantly, a pattern that holds consistently across global and biogeographic scales. Functional and phylogenetic diversity exert partially constraining effects, yet their influence varies across invasion metrics and spatial scales, thereby limiting their predictive power. Native richness promotes the naturalization of non-native species but does not significantly influence invasion richness. Notably, non-native fish invasions follow a nonlinear latitudinal gradient, intensify with increasing human pressure, and are positively associated with basin area. These findings demonstrate that freshwater fish invasions are jointly shaped by biotic interactions, environmental filtering, and human activities, with native niche differentiation emerging as the primary driver of biotic resistance. By incorporating niche-based mechanisms, this study provides a unifying perspective for reconciling the invasion paradox and offers a process-based foundation for developing integrated invasion management strategies under global change.},
}
@article {pmid41896323,
year = {2026},
author = {Omer, A and Dullinger, S and Wessely, J and Lenzner, B and García-Rodríguez, A and Schertler, A and Moser, D and Gattringer, A and Davis, AJS and Dawson, W and Fristoe, TS and Grenié, M and Kinlock, NL and Kreft, H and Pergl, J and Pyšek, P and van Kleunen, M and Weigelt, P and Winter, M and Zurell, D and Essl, F},
title = {The global geography of plant invasion risk under future climate and land-use changes.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {10},
number = {5},
pages = {952-960},
pmid = {41896323},
issn = {2397-334X},
support = {DOI: 10.55776/ESP5590324//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; Grant DOI: 10.55776/I5825//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; Grant DOI: 10.55776/P34688//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; 264740629//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; ZU 361/3-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; RVO 67985939//Akademie V&#x11b;d &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; *Biodiversity ; Plants ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions by plants pose a growing threat to biodiversity. Here we model potential current and future distributions of 9,701 naturalized alien plant species to project their potential spread by the end of the twenty-first century. Our analysis reveals that 33.9% of the global land surface is suitable for at least 10% of these species, identifying key hotspots for invasion. Under future climate and land-use scenarios, these hotspots are projected to expand moderately to 37.7% and 36.6% of land surface under mild and severe changes, respectively. However, this moderate absolute increase conceals substantial spatial shifts in hotspot locations, with expansion into currently cooler regions and contraction in hotter, drier areas. Additionally, we observe substantial species turnover within regional naturalized plant pools, indicating not only increases in plant invasion risk, but also shifts in the composition of the alien plant species pools. Our models predict regionally divergent responses of naturalized plant richness and species pool composition to climate and land-use changes.},
}
@article {pmid42120811,
year = {2026},
author = {Navarro, L and Gómez, JM},
title = {Nectar robbing as a mechanism of biotic resistance against an invasive plant in the Galápagos Islands.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42120811},
issn = {1618-0860},
abstract = {Biological invasions are strongly shaped by biotic interactions in recipient communities, which can either facilitate or constrain the establishment and spread of alien species. Among these interactions, antagonistic relationships with native consumers may act as mechanisms of biotic resistance, yet their role in plant invasions remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we analyzed the effect of nectar robbing (measured both as the intensity and frequency of robbing) by native floral visitors on the fruit set of the introduced plant, Kalanchoe pinnata, in the Galápagos Islands. The results showed that two generalist native species, robbed K. pinnata nectar, and significantly decreased fruit production. In addition, nectar robbing was more frequent in flowers with longer corolla tubes and in plants with larger floral displays, suggesting that pervasive robbing may impose selective pressures opposing floral trait patterns typically associated with legitimate pollination. These findings document a previously undescribed antagonistic interaction between native animals and an introduced plant, highlighting nectar robbing as a mechanism of biotic resistance that can constrain the sexual component of reproduction and potentially influence the evolutionary trajectory of invasive plants on oceanic islands.},
}
@article {pmid42121723,
year = {2026},
author = {Spadotto, L and Centelleghe, C and Ceolotto, L and Mazzariol, S and Cavicchioli, L},
title = {Invasive Alien Species of European Union Concern: A Systematic Review of High-Priority Pathogens in 22 Species in a One Health Framework.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16091303},
pmid = {42121723},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Invasive alien species (IAS) not only threaten biodiversity and ecosystems but also play a significant role in the spread of infectious diseases; however, the epidemiological role of many IAS remains poorly understood. This study presents the first systematic review of major pathogens reported in 22 IAS of concern to the European Community. Given the breadth of available data, we relied on a literature search including studies reporting natural infections in target IAS, excluding experimental infections and non-target species. A total of 541 publications between 1963 and 2023 were analyzed, identifying 472 pathogens, of which 64 were classified as high-priority based on key global and European frameworks. IAS with broader distribution and higher research effort were associated with greater pathogen richness, suggesting potential epidemiological relevance but also highlighting detection bias. A composite Host-Pathogen Influence Index (HPI-IAS) revealed spatial heterogeneity in epidemiological pressure across Europe, with Poland, Germany, Italy, and France identified as areas of elevated epidemiological concern. These findings underscore the urgent need for coordinated, cross-border monitoring strategies at the European level and contribute to a broader understanding of IAS-related infectious disease ecology within a One Health framework.},
}
@article {pmid42127075,
year = {2026},
author = {DeRooy, V and Hansen, A},
title = {Live fish highway: Uncovering the pathways that move millions of minnows across the United States.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {e0347150},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0347150},
pmid = {42127075},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; United States ; *Introduced Species ; *Cyprinidae/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Commerce ; },
abstract = {The spread of aquatic invasive species and pathogens over the last few decades has disrupted sportfishing, imposed economic costs on local industries, and threatened freshwater ecosystems. A significant but unquantified pathway for the spread of aquatic invasive species and pathogens in the United States is the long-distance transport of live baitfish. Despite the large scale of American baitfish production, policymakers lack high-quality, quantitative data on the movement of these fish across state lines, hindering rigorous risk assessment and regulatory efforts. This study addresses this knowledge gap by systematically collecting and synthesizing data on the interstate trade of live freshwater baitfish, obtained using freedom-of-information requests lodged with state governments across the United States. Our dataset captured the cross-border transport of 39.3 million live baitfish between 2022-24 in addition to 746 transport events where fish quantity was not recorded. Using this data, we detail trade flows disaggregated by species and explore the importance of key source states like Arkansas, South Dakota, and Minnesota. We highlight the variability in state government record-keeping, with data gaps existing in some states. By identifying high-traffic trade routes and quantifying species data, this study provides actionable insights for state agencies to strengthen biosecurity and environmental policy.},
}
@article {pmid42128537,
year = {2026},
author = {Leskey, TC and Bal, HK and Carper, GL and Cullum, JP and Elsensohn, JE and Grieshop, M and Hernández-Cumplido, J and Hott, C and Lee, JC and Nielsen, AL and Nixon, LJ and Rice, KB and Rodriguez-Saona, C and Roubos, CR and Rugh, A and Short, BD and Sial, A and Silva, DB},
title = {Evaluation of deployment strategies for attracticidal spheres for management of the invasive Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in conventional and organic small fruit production systems.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvag047},
pmid = {42128537},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {CPPM #2105-70006-24152//USDA-NIFA/ ; #LN16-350//Northeastern SARE/ ; 2015-51300-24154//USDA-NIFA OREI/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Drosophila ; *Insect Control/methods ; Female ; Introduced Species ; Fruit/growth &amp; development ; Blueberry Plants/growth &amp; development ; *Insecticides ; Rubus/growth &amp; development ; Organic Agriculture ; },
abstract = {Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), spotted-wing drosophila is an extremely destructive, invasive global pest of small fruit production. Frequent insecticide applications are the most commonly used management tool against this pest, as females deposit eggs in ripening fruit leading to larval infestation at harvest. However, other strategies aimed at reducing D. suzukii infestation continue to be explored to reduce reliance on insecticides and increase ecological sustainability. One such strategy is deployment of attracticidal spheres; these are visually attractive red spheres that provide a continuous release of a fresh toxicant and feeding stimulant mixture on their surface. However, optimal deployment strategies for spheres within small fruit plantings have not been developed to maximize their impact against foraging D. suzukii adults. Here, we evaluated deployment height of spheres within the canopies of small fruit plants (blueberry, raspberry and blackberry) in conventional production systems in 3 states, and whole plot (grid) and perimeter sphere deployment layouts in both conventional and organic blueberry production systems in 6 states. In separate studies, we also evaluated the potential for nontarget impacts on biological control agents and pollinators. While we observed reduced infestation, based on sphere deployment in some trials, results were not consistent likely due to differences in production practices and D. suzukii relative densities. We also did not observe negative impacts on natural enemies or pollinators. Ultimately, for attracticidal spheres to be of value to small fruit growers, more information regarding management practices that enhance or limit their efficacy must be conducted.},
}
@article {pmid40143534,
year = {2026},
author = {Sentís, M and Pacioni, C and Bossuyt, E and Bushuev, A and Kerimov, A and Reino, L and Lens, L and Strubbe, D},
title = {Ecophysiology of an Avian Invader: Body Condition and Metabolic Rate Adjustments to Ambient Temperature.},
journal = {Integrative zoology},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {602-608},
doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12969},
pmid = {40143534},
issn = {1749-4877},
mesh = {Animals ; Seasons ; *Basal Metabolism/physiology ; *Temperature ; Portugal ; *Introduced Species ; *Body Constitution/physiology ; },
abstract = {This study examines the ecophysiological responses of common waxbills to temperature variation in Portugal. We measured body condition and basal metabolic rate (BMR) during summer and winter across two regions in Portugal. Body condition was negatively correlated with temperature, while the relationship between BMR and temperature varied seasonally. In summer, BMR decreased with increasing temperature, but in winter, it remained low and stable, indicating physiological adjustments to seasonal changes.},
}
@article {pmid42114329,
year = {2026},
author = {Walder, G and Palasser, J and Pikalo, J and Maryan, KE and Fuehrer, HP and Stimac, I and Faustini, B and Eder-Negrin, P and Bundschuh, C},
title = {First description of Hyalomma rufipes in Austria.},
journal = {Ticks and tick-borne diseases},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {102657},
doi = {10.1016/j.ttbdis.2026.102657},
pmid = {42114329},
issn = {1877-9603},
abstract = {This investigation highlights the first detection of Hyalomma rufipes in Austria (district of Lienz, East Tyrol). The tick was discovered on a horse, and it was subjected to a thorough morphological and genetic analysis to ascertain its precise species and the presence of any pathogens. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii DNA. The identification of Hy. rufipes and R. aeschlimanii was validated through sequence analysis, specifically the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA and the outer membrane protein A gene, respectively. Our findings indicate a single introduction event and did not reveal any evidence of an autochthonous population. Therefore, increased monitoring of alien and potential invasive tick species is strongly recommended. This case highlights that identifying newly introduced species is more probable when public awareness is high and specialised institutions are readily available to validate suspicious discoveries.},
}
@article {pmid42120033,
year = {2026},
author = {Simón-Porcar, V and Montero-Castaño, A and Silva, JL and Vallejo-Marin, M},
title = {Pollinator-mediated floral selection in the introduced range of Mimulus guttatus.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2070},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2997},
pmid = {42120033},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Plant Fellows Postdoctoral Grant (FP7; Marie Curie Actions; COFUND)/ ; },
mesh = {*Pollination ; Animals ; *Mimulus/physiology ; Bees/physiology ; *Flowers/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Introduced Species ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Introduced flowering plants often encounter novel pollinator assemblages in their non-native ranges, potentially reshaping plant-pollinator interactions and driving evolutionary change. We tested whether variation in pollinator assemblages mediates local adaptation of introduced Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae). Using a reciprocal transplant experiment between the southern and northern extremes of the British Isles, we combined pollinator censuses with measurements of floral traits and fruit production to assess pollinator assemblages, phenotypic differentiation and selection. Pollinator assemblages differed between sites, with more abundant bumblebees in the northern garden. Pollinator visitation rate was positively associated with fruit set, indicating that pollinators remain essential for sexual reproduction in the introduced range. Plants from northern populations received more visits in the northern than in the southern garden, and more visits than southern populations in the northern garden. This pattern paralleled a previously reported local and home advantage in fruit production. Corolla width was under positive and stabilizing selection mediated by bumblebees in the north, suggesting that pollinator-driven selection contributes to floral differentiation between regions. Our findings demonstrate that M. guttatus has undergone pollinator-mediated adaptive differentiation within two centuries in the British Isles, highlighting how strong biotic pressures can generate rapid ecological diversification during plant introductions.},
}
@article {pmid42120034,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, J and Yin, J and Lin, X and He, M and Zhang, B},
title = {Trait-mediated responses of native plant diversity to combined urban and alien pressures in wastelands.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2070},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2826},
pmid = {42120034},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)/ ; },
mesh = {*Urbanization ; *Biodiversity ; Soil/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Ecosystem ; *Plants ; },
abstract = {Urban wastelands, noval anthropogenic ecosystems, remain understudied using integrative frameworks linking community assembly to ecosystem management. Current research of these systems largely treats urbanization and alien spread as isolated, overlooking their combined effects. We examined how the combined impacts of urbanization and alien plants drive native plant community restructuring in urban wastelands, quantifying native plant diversity loss and assessing soil stoichiometric mediation in these interactions. We measured trait-niche relationships along urbanization-alien gradients to reveal adaptive trait shifts. The results revealed that high native plant diversity was sustained under conditions of low urbanization combined with low alien plant diversity. Soil nitrogen emerged as a keystone mediator driving the loss of native plants. Native niche centroids shifted along urbanization and alien plant gradients, with leaf length decreasing and leaf economic traits shifting acquisitively, characterized by increased nitrogen and decreased dry matter and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The combined effects of urbanization and alien diversity reduced native diversity in urban wastelands, mediated in part by nitrogen-induced soil imbalances. These shifts push natives toward acquisitive strategies, compromising stress tolerance and accelerating functional homogenization. Effective management must integrate alien plant control, nitrogen mitigation and trait-based restoration to counter the urban-alien combined effects on native diversity and composition.},
}
@article {pmid42120152,
year = {2026},
author = {Azzola, A and Bianchi, CN and Morri, C and Montefalcone, M and Enrichetti, F},
title = {The tropicalisation of the Mediterranean Sea: A return to the past or an unprecedented future? A brief review and a chorological outlook.},
journal = {Advances in marine biology},
volume = {103},
number = {},
pages = {1-45},
doi = {10.1016/bs.amb.2026.03.001},
pmid = {42120152},
issn = {2162-5875},
mesh = {Mediterranean Sea ; Animals ; *Tropical Climate ; *Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Like other warm-temperate seas around the world, the Mediterranean is becoming tropicalised due to seawater warming and the range expansion of tropical species. This review identifies previous tropical phases of the (ancestor of the) Mediterranean in the geological past, seeking analogies with the present condition: the Mesozoic (from an Indo-Pacific character during the Tethys to a circumtropical character in the Mesogea), the Pliocene (Atlantic affinity), and the Last Interglacial (Senegalese affinity). The ongoing situation is analysed by comparing changes in the chorological spectra of two locations in the NW Mediterranean (Portofino Promontory, Ligurian Sea) and SE Mediterranean (Kos Island, Aegean Sea), before and after the major climatic shift that occurred in the 1990s. The increased occurrence of Indo-Pacific species, introduced through the man-made Suez Canal, may be reminiscent of the Mesozoic situation. These new inhabitants, however, have come to coexist with a background of species of Atlantic origin, including many endemics. Apart from Indo-Pacific species, the Mediterranean biota is becoming similar to that of the Last Interglacial, with little or no coral reef development. In addition, human traffic is introducing, voluntarily or involuntarily, many alien species that are generally tropical. Humans represent a factor that was not present in the geological past, and the anthropogenic influence is so pervasive that the current era has been termed the Anthropocene by some. Thus, knowledge of the past will be of little help in predicting the future biotic configuration of the tropical Mediterranean Sea.},
}
@article {pmid42120475,
year = {2026},
author = {Saç, G and Aksu, S and Aksoy, N and Odabaşı, DA and Kurtul, I and Ağdamar, S and Emiroğlu, &#xd6; and Kırankaya, &#x15e;G and Gaygusuz, &#xd6; and Özuluğ, M and Soto, I and Haubrock, PJ and Tarkan, AS},
title = {Assessing non-native and translocated species in three vital wetlands in NW Anatolia using the dispersal-origin-status-impact scheme.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-51957-2},
pmid = {42120475},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services for human well-being but despite their importance, they continue to disappear globally and with them, their biodiversity. A major threat to wetland biodiversity are biological invasions. This study therefore aims to assess the spread and ecological impacts of populations of non-native and translocated species in three wetlands (Lake Manyas, Lake Uluabat, and the Kocaçay Delta) located in the Marmara Region of Türkiye. For this, we used the recently developed Dispersal-Origin-Status-Impact (DOSI) framework, which allows for a holistic analysis of (i) how non-native species are dispersed, (ii) their origin, (iii) their current population status, and (iv) impacts on a given assessment area. Through this application, a total of 34 population-based assessments were conducted, reflecting the distribution of 18 species of fish, macroinvertebrates, and plants; seven of which being identified in all three ecosystems, two in two, and only nine in a single ecosystem. The majority of species were intentionally introduced to the region through human actions such as fisheries, bio-control, and recreational activities. Carassius gibelio, Gambusia holbrooki, Physella acuta, and all plants stand out as the species presenting the highest threat according to the DOSI scoring. These species' effects, such as altering habitat structure, competing with native species and disrupting trophic networks, threaten the ecological integrity of these wetlands. Early intervention and long-term control strategies should be developed, especially for species with high impact levels.},
}
@article {pmid42120560,
year = {2026},
author = {Akongte, PN and Aidoo, OF and Oh, D and Jin-Myung, K and Lee, CH and Choi, YS and Kim, D},
title = {Predicting climate-driven habitat shifts of Varroa destructor using MaxEnt and CMIP6 data.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-46817-y},
pmid = {42120560},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {PJ01779802//Rural Development Administration/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change is reshaping global temperature, humidity, and precipitation patterns, key factors influencing habitat suitability and facilitating the spread of invasive species. Varroa destructor, a parasitic mite that shifted hosts from Apis cerana to Apis mellifera, has become one of the most destructive threats to apiculture worldwide. Despite existing control measures, the mite continues to expand its range. In this study, we applied the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict current and future global distribution of climatically suitable habitats for V. destructor. Occurrence records were compiled from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), the Center for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI), and published literature. The model achieved acceptable predictive accuracy (mean AUC values = 0.87, TSS = 0.60, CBI = 0.86), demonstrating strong robustness and discriminatory power. We found that isothermality (38.3%), precipitation of the driest month (19.8%), maximum temperature of the warmest month (16.4%), precipitation seasonality (14%), and precipitation of the wettest month (7.1%) were the most influential variables. Projections under three future climate scenarios (SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) indicate a decline in suitable habitats by the 2050s and 2070s, particularly under SSP585, with an estimated 18.38% reduction in suitable areas. However, parts of the Northern Hemisphere, including North America and Europe, are likely to remain highly suitable. These findings highlight the need for region-specific, sustainable management strategies to prevent further spread of V. destructor in high-risk areas.},
}
@article {pmid41669904,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, Z and Xu, D and Tao, X and Ali, H and Zhuo, Z},
title = {The complete mitochondrial genome of the coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) and its invasion ecology and phylogenetic implications.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {116},
number = {3},
pages = {380-389},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485326100807},
pmid = {41669904},
issn = {1475-2670},
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; *Phylogeny ; *Moths/genetics ; Introduced Species ; Cocos ; },
abstract = {The quarantine pest, Opisina arenosella Walker, poses a significant threat to 34 palm plant species, including economically vital coconut trees. Its adaptability and rapid spread raise concerns about global tree invasion and potential economic and environmental impacts. Utilising advanced sequencing technology, this study aims to analyse O. arenosella mitochondrial genome, comparing it with three Lepidoptera families to explore its phylogenetic status. The complete mitochondrial genome (15,389 bp) was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform, with tRNA genes validated using tRNAScan-SE and MITOS WebServer. Comparative analysis involved 13 protein-coding genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, comparing them with outgroup species like Agapanthia amurensis. The results revealed that O. arenosella genome's nucleotide composition is 39.24% A, 41.33% T, 12.02% C, and 7.41% G. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Interestingly, in the BI analysis, (O. arenosella + Ripeacma umbellate) clustered together with ((Promalactis suzukiella + Promalactis odaiensis) + (Stathmopoda auriferella + Casmara patrona)), forming a clade with high node support, while ML lacked high node support. Additionally, both methods indicated a monophyletic clade with high node support for Comparmustilia, Oberthueria, Pseudandraca, and Andraca. This research provides valuable mitochondrial genome data, contributing to phylogenetics and taxonomy studies, establishing a foundation for future research in this field.},
}
@article {pmid41741322,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, X and He, Z and Li, R and Di, W and Ou, D and Zhang, L and Zhang, P and Qiu, BL},
title = {Asymmetric thermal responses between the globally invasive pest Bemisia tabaci and its parasitoids: implications for biological control under warming climates.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {6},
pages = {5745-5756},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70676},
pmid = {41741322},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Development Project/ ; CSTB2024TIAD-KPX0015//Chongqing Technological Innovation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/parasitology/physiology/growth &amp; development/genetics ; *Pest Control, Biological ; *Wasps/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Transcriptome ; Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; Hot Temperature ; Temperature ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci underscores an urgent need for integrated pest management strategies that prioritize biological control. Aphelinid parasitoids such as Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus hayati are key natural enemies of B. tabaci. However, their biocontrol efficacy remains highly temperature-dependent, raising concerns given current climate warming predications. Here, we examined the physiological and molecular responses of B. tabaci and its two aphelinid parasitoids across a thermal gradient (20-35 °C). Their development, survival, antioxidant activity, energy reserves and transcriptomic profiles were assessed, with emphasis on comparisons between optimal (26 °C) and stressful (32 °C) conditions.<br><br>RESULTS: Our results revealed a narrow thermal optimum at 26&#x2009;&#xb0;C for B. tabaci development and survival. En. formosa exhibited faster development at higher temperatures but suffered a sharp decline in survival above 32&#x2009;&#xb0;C. By contrast, Er. hayati maintained high survival and developmental stability up to 32&#x2009;&#xb0;C; outperforming the other two species at 35&#x2009;&#xb0;C. Longevities decreased for all three species as temperature increased. Under heat stress, species-specific changes in antioxidant defense and metabolism were observed. These findings were supported by transcriptome data, which highlighted differential expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism and heat shock response. These molecular patterns clarify the physiological basis for divergent thermal tolerance observed among the different insects.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal distinct thermal tolerance limits and adaptive strategies between B. tabaci and its parasitoids. These divergent physiological responses provide molecular ecological insights into thermal adaptation in a tri-trophic system, with important implications for optimizing biological control under changing climatic conditions. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42108215,
year = {2026},
author = {van Rooyen, ARJ and Weeks, AR and Pirtle, EI and Ridland, PM and Duff, J and Malipatil, MB and Black, JG and Roberts, HK and Spafford, H and Saligari, K and Bridge-Cattermole, H and Church, C and Reynolds, OL and Umina, PA},
title = {New species-specific quantitative PCR assays for Liriomyza leafminers: supporting biosecurity and in-field identification.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toag119},
pmid = {42108215},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {MT16004 and MT20005//Hort Innovation Australia/ ; },
abstract = {The Agromyzidae are a diverse family of small flies whose larvae mine plant tissues, often with a high degree of host specificity. However, several species of Liriomyza-including the vegetable leafminer (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard), pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis [Blanchard]), American serpentine leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii [Burgess]) and tomato leafminer (Liriomyza bryoniae [Kaltenbach]) - are highly polyphagous and pose significant biosecurity risks to Australian agriculture. The stone leek leafminer (Liriomyza chinensis [Kato]), though host-specific to Allium spp., is also a concern. Effective surveillance and diagnosis are challenging due to the flies' small size, rapid life cycles, and morphological similarities. While previous quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays have enabled detection of L. sativae, L. trifolii, and L. huidobrensis, and the non-pest species Liriomyza brassicae (Riley) (cabbage leafminer), we extend this capability by developing species-specific assays for L. bryoniae and L. chinensis. The new assays were highly specific across 16 agromyzid species collected globally and demonstrated strong sensitivity. A revised assay for L. huidobrensis, targeting the mitochondrial ND5 region, eliminated cross-reactivity observed with the original qPCR assay. We also validated a simplified DNA extraction method suitable for field use and demonstrated successful in-field diagnosis using the portable FranklinTM three9 real-time PCR themocycler. These assays have already proven valuable during post-incursion surveys and general surveillance efforts. Together, they provide a flexible and rapid diagnostic toolkit to support the early detection and management of Liriomyza pests in Australia and elsewhere.},
}
@article {pmid42109002,
year = {2026},
author = {Trepel, J and Buitenwerf, R and Ferraro, K and le Roux, E and Lundgren, E and Maitner, B and Strydom, T and Svenning, JC and Kerr, MR},
title = {Reevaluating introduced herbivores in conservation.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70328},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70328},
pmid = {42109002},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {//Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; DNRF173//Danmarks Grundforskningsfond/ ; },
}
@article {pmid42109874,
year = {2026},
author = {Marchiori, E and Beraldo, P and Tessarin, C and Ferraro, E and Pesaro, S and Marcer, F},
title = {Description of helminthic fauna of Trachemys scripta (Thunberg in Schoepf, 1792) in a protected area in Northern Italy: evidence of co-introduction of non-native helminth species.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1798584},
pmid = {42109874},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {Biological invasions are occurring at an unprecedented rate around the globe. Their impact on biodiversity is mediated both by direct competition with native species and by the alteration of transmissible disease dynamics. The red eared slider Trachemys scripta is considered one of the most successful invasive species across Europe, and has proved to be a stronger competitor with the native freshwater turtle Emys orbicularis. Nevertheless, few studies have explored parasites of T. scripta in the countries of introduction. Aiming to explore the taxonomic helminth composition of T. scripta and assess potential spillover risks to E. orbicularis, a population of red eared sliders was sampled from a protected area in Northeastern Italy, where the two turtle species co-exist. Sixty-two animals were humanely euthanised and submitted to complete parasitological investigation. Morphometric and molecular data were combined to identify the helminths to species level. Overall, 68.4% of the animals were positive for helminths. Three species were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract, namely Telorchis corti (Digenea: Telorchiidae), Polystomoides oris (Monogenea: Polystomatidae), Serpinema microcephalus (Nematoda: Camallanidae) and one from the urinary bladder, Polystomoides orbicularis. Three of the four species retrieved are considered exotic, two of them already reported in Southern Europe also in native species. Pancreatic lesions were observed in association to S. microcephalus, demonstrating enhanced pathology in this host. Studies on E. orbicularis are recommended to shed light on patterns of parasite exchange among the two emydid species. Additionally, a wider survey across the national territory is advised to further explore the helminth composition hosted by this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid42109904,
year = {2026},
author = {Cruz-García, K and Zapata-Salvatierra, N and Narváez, AE and Pérez-Correa, J},
title = {Urban-Wild Interface Diversity: A Comprehensive Checklist of Herpetofauna of Guayaquil, Ecuador.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73504},
pmid = {42109904},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Biodiversity in urban environments is often underestimated, particularly in tropical regions such as Ecuador. This study presents the most comprehensive inventory to date of amphibians and reptiles in Guayaquil, Ecuador's largest and most industrially developed city, based on 17 years (2008-2025) of systematic field surveys, museum records, and literature review. Located on the Pacific coast and adjacent to two global biodiversity hotspots (the Tropical Andes and Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena), Guayaquil has experienced significant urban expansion, resulting in extensive fragmentation of tropical dry forests and mangrove ecosystems. We document a total of 63 species (19 amphibians, 44 reptiles) occurring within the remnant forest. This inventory includes introduced species, resilient taxa that are adapted to urban environments, and sensitive species that are affected by urban pressure. Notably, species such as Hemidactylus frenatus, Anolis sagrei, and Aquarana catesbeiana thrive in these modified landscapes likely due to behavioral plasticity, rapid reproduction, and tolerance to habitat disturbance, whereas highly sensitive species, including Alopoglossus festae and Lepidoblepharis buchwaldi, are restricted to less disturbed areas. The study also highlights the presence of rare species with little previous documentation, such as Atractus microrhynchus, Caecilia tenuissima, Chironius flavopictus, and Drymobius rhombifer. In addition, expansions in the known distributions of several species in the Guayaquil area were recorded, including Caiman crocodilus and Clelia clelia, which emphasizes the ecological relevance of this region. Our results underscore the ecological importance of remnant natural habitats within Guayaquil and reveal the need for long-term monitoring to inform urban biodiversity conservation in rapidly expanding tropical cities.},
}
@article {pmid42111289,
year = {2026},
author = {Bertrand, C and Binet, F and Adamo, M and Martin, MC and Marmeisse, R},
title = {So far but so close: the biogeography of soil and plant-associated fungi in one of the most remote landmasses on Earth.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {ycag095},
pmid = {42111289},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {The Kerguelen Islands, one of the most isolated lands on Earth, represent an ideal open-air laboratory to explore patterns of microbial biogeography under minimal human influence. Fellfields, in particular, are near pristine habitats dominated by endemic plant species with few introduced ones. Using metabarcoding, we characterized 70 bulk soil and 70 root-associated fungal communities from two native plant species and one introduced one, in four distant fellfield sites. Comparative analyses of Kerguelen fungal sequences with global reference databases (GlobalFungi and UNITE) revealed that 60% to 76% of the recovered operational taxonomic units (OTUs) had a close match at ≥97% sequence identity, which indicates the presence of a majority of species with wide distribution ranges that have already been observed elsewhere on the globe. Although evidence of endemism is difficult to establish, haplotype networks created for OTUs already observed elsewhere in the world illustrate in a number of cases the presence of dominant amplified sequenced variants specific to Kerguelen, suggesting intraspecific endemism. A global analysis of the already known fungal OTUs showed they were predominantly associated to high-latitude and cold environments. A spatial analysis further affiliated known Kerguelen's fungi to two distinct endemicity zones, one that encompassed Southern South America/Antarctic Peninsula and one in Central and Northern Europe that potentially contributed to alien species that may have invaded this remote archipelago. Our results indicate that the mycoflora of one of the most isolated islands in the world has been shaped by repeated episodes of colonization from different parts of the globe.},
}
@article {pmid42111711,
year = {2026},
author = {Daniele, G and Caser, M and Larcher, F},
title = {Evaluation of morpho-physiological responses to drought and salt stress in two ornamental alternatives to Invasive Ligustrum sinense Lour.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1770722},
pmid = {42111711},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Urban environments are increasingly subject to anthropogenic pressures and climate change-induced stresses such as salinity and drought. Urban greening initiatives require the selection of ornamental species that are increasingly adapted to the unique challenges of cities. This study evaluates the response to salt and drought stress of two potential alternatives to the non-native invasive species Ligustrum sinense Lour.: Ligustrum vulgare L. (European native), and Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. 'Texanum' (non-invasive ornamental cultivar). A total of 270 plants, approximately 25 cm in height, including 90 plants each of L. sinense. L. japonicum 'Texanum', and L. vulgare were placed in a growth chamber and grown under controlled conditions from March 2024 to June 2024. The plants were subjected to one of two NaCl treatments, corresponding to 150 mM (moderate salt stress) and 300 mM (severe salt stress) or deionized water (control). Additionally, two irrigation levels were implemented, specifically 30% (severe drought stress) and 60% of the pot capacity (moderate drought stress), while the control group received 90% of the pot capacity. All three species showed intolerance to severe drought stress and its combined effect with moderate and severe salt stress. Ligustrum sinense survived only to moderate drought stress (60%). Moderate drought stress negatively affected 3D leaf area, digital biomass, and chlorophyll content, as well as dry biomass of shoots and roots, and compromised root development. In L. japonicum 'Texanum', drought and salinity stresses, applied individually or in combination, led to a significant reduction in 3D leaf area and digital biomass. Salinity significantly affected water band index, particularly at high levels and under combined stress. Shoot dry biomass declined under all stresses, while dry root biomass was unaffected. In L. vulgare, salinity was the main limiting factor for 3D leaf area and digital biomass, particularly under combined salt and drought conditions, causing reductions in NDVI, chlorophyll content, leaf water status, and pigment balance, indicating accelerated leaf senescence. Salinity and combined stresses most strongly affected shoot dry biomass, and also decreased root dry biomass and architecture. These findings support the use of these species as alternatives in European urban greening efforts.},
}
@article {pmid42111715,
year = {2026},
author = {Leal-Medina, C and Galleguillos, M and Lopatin, J and Urrutia-Jalabert, R and González, ME},
title = {Impacts of fire severity and exotic invasion of Pinus radiata on post-fire regeneration of relict Nothofagus alessandrii forests in central Chile.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1772087},
pmid = {42111715},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {In Chile, wildfires caused mainly by human activity have led to substantial changes in forest composition and structure. These disturbances may promote irreversible forest degradation, particularly when critically endangered forests are affected by high intensity fires and invasion of exotic species. Understanding post-fire regeneration dynamics in endangered Nothofagus alessandrii forests, and the invasion of Pinus radiata under varying fire severities, is crucial to ensure the persistence of these ecosystems. This study examined the early post-fire response of N. alessandrii forest fragments embedded within a P. radiata plantation matrix following the 2017 'Las Máquinas' megafire in central Chile. Fire severity was assessed using the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) derived from Sentinel-2 imagery. Post-fire vegetation dynamics were analyzed using time series of two spectral indices (NDVI and MSAVI2) from 2018 to 2021, applying linear mixed-effects models based on PlanetScope imagery. Early post-fire responses of N. alessandrii forests and P. radiata invasion were evaluated through establishment density and tree-ring radial growth across different fire severity classes. Results showed rapid vegetation recovery in areas affected by moderate and high fire severity. Post-fire regeneration of N. alessandrii occurred mainly through vegetative resprouting, with higher resprouting rates observed in moderately and severely burned sites (70%) compared to low-severity areas (48%). Radial growth of N. alessandrii did not differ significantly between moderate and high severity sites (p > 0.05), while P. radiata showed increased growth under high fire severity and greater growth than native species in areas severely burned (p <0.05). A direct relationship was observed between fire severity and the degree of invasion by P. radiata, with high-severity sites showing the highest levels of invasion (9,760 ind/ha). These results highlight the increased vulnerability of this already endangered ecosystem to severe fires and the invasion of P. radiata. Both processes induce irreversible forest degradation by reinforcing a positive fire feedback loop and intensifying competition with native species in severely burned areas. These results indicate the urgent need to effectively control the P. radiata invasion in the burned forests of N. alessandrii to avoid the loss of the last remaining fragments of this threatened species.},
}
@article {pmid42113365,
year = {2026},
author = {Yu, Z and Lu, R and Zhang, Q and Jing, Y and Peng, C},
title = {Colonization of three Sphagneticola species by Funneliformis mosseae under cadmium stress is beneficial to phosphatase activity and nutrient uptake in rhizosphere soil.},
journal = {Botanical studies},
volume = {67},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42113365},
issn = {1817-406X},
support = {32501397//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202502GY008//Chaozhou Science and Technology Plan Project/ ; 2021B1212040015//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination poses threats to ecosystems and human health, and the plant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiotic system represents a promising green remediation strategy. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex and context-dependent, and systematic comparative studies remain scarce regarding differential regulation of Cd tolerance enhancement in plants of the same genus but different ecotypes. This study used a native species (Sphagneticola calendulacea), invasive species (Sphagneticola trilobata), and their hybrid as materials. It conducted an integrated analysis of the synergistic effects of inoculating Funneliformis mosseae (FM) on the rhizosphere microenvironment and mineral element uptake of three plants under a Cd stress gradient. The objective was to elucidate the interactive mechanisms by which FM enhances plant Cd tolerance and to evaluate its remediation potential.<br><br>RESULTS: Results indicate that FM regulation of rhizosphere pH exhibits species specificity but generally alleviates Cd induced acidification. FM significantly enhances acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil and substantially promotes plant phosphorus (P) uptake. FM comprehensively altered plant mineral element uptake, including promoting root accumulation of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), shoot potassium (K) allocation, and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) absorption.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates how FM enhances P uptake and systematically optimizes elemental absorption homeostasis by regulating rhizosphere pH and phosphatase activity. These synergistic effects improve Cd tolerance in Sphagneticola species and highlight the broad potential of AMF-plant symbioses for Cd remediation. It provides crucial theoretical foundations and germplasm selection references for targeted soil restoration using ecologically distinct Sphagneticola ecotypes and their optimal FM partners.},
}
@article {pmid42114010,
year = {2026},
author = {Ramirez-Parada, TH and Park, IW and Peng, S and Nishino, M and Kartesz, JT and Record, S and Davis, CC and Mazer, SJ},
title = {Climate mediates phenological and phylogenetic differentiation in plant invasions.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {21},
pages = {e2536192123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2536192123},
pmid = {42114010},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {DEB-1556768//NSF (NSF)/ ; DEB-2105932//NSF (NSF)/ ; DEB-2105907//NSF (NSF)/ ; DEB-2105903//NSF (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Phylogeny ; *Climate ; *Plants/genetics/classification ; Flowers/physiology ; United States ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum holds that both functional similarity and distinctiveness can facilitate biological invasions: invaders similar to natives may succeed through preadaptation to local abiotic conditions, whereas functionally distinct invaders may succeed by reducing competition. Yet the contexts in which either mechanism dominates are unclear. Prior research has primarily attributed variability in native-invasive differentiation to shifts in the balance between biotic and climatic barriers to invasion from local to regional scales. However, similarity and distinctiveness are frequent at both local and regional levels, indicating key drivers of native-invasive differentiation remain overlooked. Crucially, theory and evidence show that as climatic stress increases, competition weakens. This implies that harsh climates should favor invaders functionally similar to natives, whereas mesic climates should favor distinctiveness. However, this hypothesis has not been tested across climate regimes and functional traits. We addressed this gap by combining models of species distributions and flowering phenology for 2,810 species across the United States, estimating phylogenetic distance and phenological differentiation between natives and invasives relative to differentiation among co-occurring natives. In warm, humid regions, invasives flowered earlier, less synchronously, and were more distantly related to natives. In cold or dry regions, they flowered at similar or later times, more synchronously, and were more closely related than natives themselves. Across all climates, invasives consistently exhibited longer flowering durations, with little evidence of greater phenological plasticity. These findings reveal that Darwin's Conundrum reflects a predictable continuum shaped by environmental context, highlighting climate as a key axis of invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid42100624,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, H and Sun, W and Xiong, W and Ju, T and Wang, W and Tang, L and Wang, Z and Gao, X and Pan, L and Dong, X and Peng, Y},
title = {Spatial Distribution of Topmouth Gudgeonis Pseudorasbora parva Under Climate Change by Ensemble Models.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73612},
pmid = {42100624},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Climate change may exacerbate biological invasion by expanding the distribution of invasive species. Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1846) is a prevalent invasive fish species. It has posed significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystems in over 40 countries across Asia, Europe, and Africa. To avoid or mitigate its threats, it is necessary to evaluate its invasion risk. Species distribution models (SDMs), using occurrence data and bioclimatic factors, serve as critical tools for evaluating biological invasion risks. ANN, FDA, GAM, GBM, MARS, and RF are prominent individual algorithms. Ensemble models are generally considered better than individual algorithms as they can effectively reduce uncertainties. However, no study has yet used ensemble models to forecast the global distribution of P. parva under future climate change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use ensemble SDMs, combined by above-mentioned six individual algorithms, to predict the global potential suitable habitats and influencing factors of P. parva under current and future climate change. Global occurrence data for P. parva were collected from online biodiversity platforms and literature databases. Bioclimatic variables were from WorldClim and ENVIREM. The results showed as follows: (1) The ensemble model demonstrated excellent performance with an AUC of 0.993; (2) The two bioclimatic factors exerting the most significant influence on P. parva distribution were the maximum temperature of the coldest month and isothermality, contributing 51.362% and 18.279% respectively; (3) The distribution of P. parva in the current period, as generated by the ensemble model, revealed that the primary invasion areas are concentrated at latitude 22°-55° N; (4) Future projections under various climate scenarios indicated an overall range expansion, with high-latitude or high-altitude regions becoming increasingly favorable. These findings suggest that the future global expansion trend of P. parva should not be ignored and effective management policies for its invasion should be provided.},
}
@article {pmid42105356,
year = {2026},
author = {Bejaoui, A and Noumi, E and Snoussi, M and Hosni, K},
title = {Chemistry and Potential Applications of the Samaras of the Invasive Plant Species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle.},
journal = {Chemistry &amp; biodiversity},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {e03628},
doi = {10.1002/cbdv.202503628},
pmid = {42105356},
issn = {1612-1880},
support = {LR15INRAP02//Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research/ ; },
mesh = {*Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology/isolation &amp; purification ; *Ailanthus/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; Phenols/chemistry/pharmacology/isolation &amp; purification ; Fatty Acids/chemistry/analysis ; *Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology ; Biphenyl Compounds/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Picrates/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; },
abstract = {In this study, the samaras of the alien invasive plant species Ailanthus altissima were chemically analyzed and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity and in silico biological activities. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of essential macroelements (Ca > K > P > Mg > Na) and trace elements (Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni). With their high content (> 12% w/w) and particular fatty acid profile (C18:1 + C18:2 > 90%), samara lipids show limited potential for biodiesel development, as several key physicochemical properties of the prospected biodiesel did not fully adhere to international specifications (ASTM D-6751, EN 14214:2008, BG/T 20828:2007). The phenolic profile, particularly rich in phenolic acids, flavonols, and coumarins, was correlated with strong antioxidant activity. In silico analysis revealed that this untapped feedstock could have promising biological activities with pharmacological potential.},
}
@article {pmid42105886,
year = {2026},
author = {Lopes, C and Banha, F and Pires, S and Brandão, P and Oliveira, D and Luchiari, A and Anastácio, P and Rodrigues, A and Soares, MC},
title = {The impact of oxybenzone on the neurophysiological and oxidative stress response, dispersal and aggressiveness of the Invasive Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).},
journal = {Environmental toxicology and pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105040},
doi = {10.1016/j.etap.2026.105040},
pmid = {42105886},
issn = {1872-7077},
abstract = {Oxibenzone (BP-3) is a widely used UV filter and an emerging aquatic pollutant. The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, a globally widespread species recognized both as food and as an invasive species, may be affected. However, the effects of BP-3 on its physiology, dispersal, aggressiveness, remain unclear. Throughout a holistic experimental trial, this study evaluated biochemical, physiological, and behavioral responses of P. clarkii after 15 days of exposure to 10, 100, and 1000µg/L BP-3. Behavioral assays assessing dispersal and aggressiveness showed no significant effects. However, biochemical results revealed sex-dependent impacts. Muscle tissue showed oxidative damage through increased lipid peroxidation at higher concentrations. A decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity in the eyes of larger individuals seemed linked to growth-related physiological changes. Metabolic biomarkers also indicated altered energy storage, with elevated lipid and protein content in muscle. Overall, findings highlight P. clarkii capacities to cope with the ecological risks of sunscreen-derived pollutants.},
}
@article {pmid42106210,
year = {2026},
author = {Potgieter, LJ and Cadotte, MW and Dong, X and Midgley, GF and Richardson, DM},
title = {Nature-based solutions: a double-edged sword for biological invasions?.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2026.04.006},
pmid = {42106210},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {Nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly promoted to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss, but the consequences of scaling up NbS for biological invasions, an acknowledged biological crisis, remain poorly synthesised. We evaluate how NbS can influence the establishment, spread, and impacts of non-native species. We discuss mechanisms underpinning beneficial invasion outcomes, including enhanced biotic resistance through native species restoration, targeted invasive species control, and carefully implemented managed relocation. Conversely, inappropriately designed NbS, particularly those involving non-native species introductions, weakened dispersal barriers through trade, altered disturbance regimes, or inadequate implementation in degraded ecosystems, can worsen invasion outcomes. Integrating invasion science into NbS planning, supported by robust risk assessment and long-term monitoring, is essential to ensure multi-benefit outcomes under global change.},
}
@article {pmid42097088,
year = {2026},
author = {Ding, Y and Fu, J and Li, J and Tang, J and Xie, R and Ma, X},
title = {Monte Carlo simulation-based assessment of carcinogenic heavy metal risk following Spartina alterniflora invasion in a subtropical estuarine wetland of China.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {230},
number = {},
pages = {119802},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119802},
pmid = {42097088},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {The invasive species Spartina alterniflora plays a significant role in heavy metal accumulation in sedimentary environments, and its global risk level warrants attention. In this study, seven sediment cores were collected according to the S. alterniflora invasion stage. The potential ecological and health risk of four typical carcinogenic heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Co, and Cd) were assessed following S. alterniflora invasion using Monte Carlo simulation. Heavy metal concentrations were in the order of Cr > Ni > Co > Cd, exhibiting three distinct trends. Cr and Ni increased in the early invasion stages (S0-S3, ∼10 years), subsequently decreasing to below background levels. Co remained stable from S0 to S3, but subsequently sharply declined in later stages (S4-S6). In contrast, Cd decreased initially, followed by an increase. Of the total potential ecological risks of these four heavy metals, Cd accounted for between 96.8% and 99.2%. The lowest risk probability was observed after 6-8 years of invasion (S2). The health risks associated with these heavy metals were insignificant with regard to non-carcinogenic risks, and fell below a 16.7% probability of acceptable carcinogenic risks during all invasion stages. The carcinogenic risk was entirely attributable to Cd and Cr. The parameters demonstrating the greatest sensitivity to heavy metal variations for adults and children were body weight. This study revealed changes in four typical carcinogenic heavy metals and the associated risks following S. alterniflora invasion, providing crucial insights for facilitating heavy metal regulation in estuarine sediments.},
}
@article {pmid42100620,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, Q and Wang, C and Yang, X and Wang, F},
title = {Current and Future Potential Distribution of the Invasive Thrips Echinothrips americanus (Terebrantia: Thripidae) Under Global Climate Change.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73636},
pmid = {42100620},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Echinothrips americanus is an invasive pest that parasitizes over 48 families and 106 species of plants. It has spread to more than 20 countries, causing significant economic losses to the agricultural and forestry industries. Understanding the potential distribution of invasive species under climate change is crucial for management and monitoring. Therefore, this study used the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Model to predict the potential distribution areas of E. americanus under current and future climate scenarios based on occurrence data and environmental variables. The results showed that the Annual mean temperature (Bio1) and Precipitation of the warmest quarter (Bio18) had the greatest contributions to the current distribution model of E. americanus. The potential distribution map revealed that the primary potential distribution areas of E. americanus are concentrated in Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Africa, with a total area of approximately 3.41 × 10[7] km[2]. Additionally, the study predicted changes in the suitable areas for E. americanus under future climate scenarios: the marginal suitable areas are expected to contract significantly, while the moderate and highly suitable areas may expand slightly. The total suitable area contracts more significantly under high-emission scenarios (SSP370/SSP585) and more moderately under low/moderate-emission scenarios (SSP126/SSP245). This study provides important data for understanding the potential global distribution of E. americanus and offers an early warning platform for noninfested regions that have not yet developed monitoring strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41467425,
year = {2026},
author = {Haubrock, PJ and Everts, T and Abreo, NAS and Bojko, J and Deklerck, V and Dickey, JWE and Franco, ACS and García-Berthou, E and Katsanevakis, S and Kirichenko, NI and Mammola, S and Nuñez, MA and Parker, B and Scalera, R and Soto, I and Strubbe, D and Tarkan, AS and Vilizzi, L and Adriaens, T and Balzani, P and Błońska, D and Briski, E and Brys, R and Burgess, AL and Byers, JE and Cano-Barbacil, C and Castaldelli, G and Dick, JTA and Dominguez Almela, V and Dimarco, RD and Florencio, M and Kouba, A and Kourantidou, M and Kurtul, I and Martín-Forés, I and Morissette, O and Olden, JD and Soares, BE and Truszkowski, J and Verreycken, H and Kenis, M and Sousa, R and Britton, JR},
title = {The impacts of biological invasions.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {101},
number = {3},
pages = {1255-1310},
doi = {10.1002/brv.70124},
pmid = {41467425},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {101203662//H2020 Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Actions/ ; 101105250//H2020 Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Actions/ ; 101181413//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; 1S01822N//Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO)/ ; //Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/ ; RyC2022-036451-I//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities/ ; TED2021-129889B-I00//European Union/ ; RED2022-134338-T//European Union/ ; PID2023-146173NB-C21//European Union/ ; 22-16-00075-P//Russian Science Foundation/ ; HORIZON-MSCA-2022-PF-01//Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The Anthropocene is characterised by a continuous human-mediated reshuffling of the distributions of species globally. Both intentional and unintentional introductions have resulted in numerous species being translocated beyond their native ranges, often leading to their establishment and subsequent spread - a process referred to as biological invasion. Biological invasions are associated with profound changes in the composition, structure, and functioning of recipient ecosystems, plus substantial financial losses and disruptions to society, culture, and human well-being. These ecological, economic, and socio-cultural impacts are interrelated, ubiquitous, and detrimental, yet they are often subjectively perceived or inaccurately quantified. Persistent knowledge gaps remain, however, which limit our understanding of the complex and multifaceted causes and mechanisms of invasion impacts. To overcome these gaps and comprehensively capture all related facets pertaining to the nature and diversity of invasion impact, this scoping review of academic studies, grey literature, and expert reports provides a conceptual model for interpreting invasion impacts, structured around three interrelated pillars: impact domains, challenges in the study of impacts, and available risk- and impact assessments. We initially explore the various mechanisms and consequences of ecological, economic, and socio-cultural invasion impacts and their temporal dynamics, substantiating these with relevant empirical examples. We then review common challenges and fallacies in studying invasion impacts, including context specificity and inter-comparability of impact magnitudes, challenges associated with quantifying non-ecological impacts, and research biases, before synthesising how risks are analysed and impacts assessed, and how these assessments ultimately inform management decisions. Our review underscores the multifaceted and complex nature of invasion impacts, and that effectively addressing biological invasions requires more than isolated, reactive interventions; it calls for globally coordinated, proactive action underpinned by reliable scientific knowledge, sincere political commitment, and broad public engagement. Drawing on nearly a century of literature and global expert contributions, this work offers a comprehensive, nuanced, and timely overview of the potential consequences of biological invasions, providing a valuable foundation for informing future research directions, management interventions, and policy development.},
}
@article {pmid41889114,
year = {2026},
author = {Vlk, L and Odriozola, I and Pergl, J and Větrovský, T and Kvasničková, J and Krüger, C and Petružálková, M and Baldrian, P and Vojík, M and Sádlo, J and Petřík, P and Pyšek, P and Kohout, P},
title = {From pathogens to partners: temporal and biogeographical patterns in fungal associations of alien trees.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {250},
number = {5},
pages = {3381-3395},
doi = {10.1111/nph.71094},
pmid = {41889114},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {DG16P02M041//Ministerstvo Kultury/ ; EXPRO 19-28807X//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; 21-20802M//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004597//Ministerstvo &#x160;kolstv&#xed;, Ml&#xe1;de&#x17e;e a T&#x11b;lov&#xfd;chovy/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Trees/microbiology ; *Fungi/physiology ; Time Factors ; *Introduced Species ; Symbiosis ; Biodiversity ; Geography ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Alien trees reshape belowground fungal communities, but the factors governing the balance between mutualists and pathogens remain unclear. We tested whether residence time, mycorrhizal type, and biogeographical origin shape this balance, and whether alien stands differ from native vegetation. We sampled soils beneath 73 alien tree species in 48 chateau parks and native stands. Using ITS2 metabarcoding with guild assignment, we quantified ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and pathogen fungi and analysed predictors with multivariate models and binomial GLMMs, accounting for spatial structure and covariates. Symbiotic fungal community composition varied with origin, phylogenetic group and mycorrhizal type. With increasing residence time, ECM alien trees showed higher ECM fungal richness and relative abundance; whereas, contrary to enemy accumulation expectations, pathogen richness and relative abundance declined. Alien arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees harboured more pathogens than ECM trees. Alien tree assemblages had a lower ECM fungal share, twice the pathogen relative richness, and threefold higher pathogen relative abundance than native assemblages. Residence time and mycorrhizal type are primary filters shaping belowground trajectories of alien trees, with biogeographical origin patterning community composition. Elevated pathogen loads in alien stands highlight spillover risks to neighbouring vegetation, informing risk assessment and monitoring of alien tree plantings.},
}
@article {pmid41968223,
year = {2026},
author = {Tao, Z and Zhang, Z and Wan, J and Zhang, K and Otieno, EO and Yang, Q and Wilschut, RA and Siemann, E and Huang, W},
title = {Drought eliminates soil microbially mediated indirect competitive advantage among exotic plants.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {250},
number = {5},
pages = {3366-3380},
doi = {10.1111/nph.71124},
pmid = {41968223},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {32301471//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024YFF1307500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Droughts ; *Plants/microbiology ; Soil ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Ecosystems world-wide are experiencing an accelerating accumulation of exotic plant species, posing serious threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. While soil microbially mediated indirect interactions play a crucial role in shaping plant community composition, their contribution to accumulation of exotics remains poorly understood, especially under changing environmental conditions. Here, we examined how native and exotic plants impact the growth and competitiveness of later-arriving native and exotic plants through soil microbial legacies generated in different environmental conditions. We found that soil microbial legacies generated by exotics under well-watered conditions conferred a competitive advantage to later-arriving exotics over natives, but legacies generated by natives had no such effect. This indirect advantage for exotics was linked to a higher relative abundance of pathogens in soils conditioned by exotics, which was negatively correlated with native growth and positively associated with the competitive effects of exotics on natives. However, drought eliminated this pathogen-mediated indirect advantage among exotics by preventing pathogen accumulation. This study highlights the critical importance of considering soil microbially mediated indirect interactions between native and exotic species for accurately predicting the accumulation of exotic plant species under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid42091994,
year = {2026},
author = {Oba, Y and Doi, H},
title = {Macroecological assessment of invasive species impact on Japanese lake fish communities using eDNA metabarcoding.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-46585-9},
pmid = {42091994},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {22K18429//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasion has negative effects on ecological interaction such as competition and predation. The ecological impacts on native communities may also affect two processes that are important in determining community structures, namely, the environmental and spatial processes. Here, we used lake fish species compositions estimated using environmental DNA metabarcoding to investigate the effects of invasive species composition on the native community and on the processes that determine it. The results of PERMANOVA indicated that the native fish assemblage patterns significantly changed along invasive species compositions. Furthermore, it was observed that the diversity of invasive species acted as a potent ecological filter, driving native fish communities towards biological homogenisation. Distance-based Redundancy Analysis revealed that invasive species alter the relationship between ecological communities and their environment. The study suggests invasive species may obscure distinct environmental signals, potentially by having broader environmental tolerances than native species. A comparison of the relative importance of environmental factors and spatial structure in determining species composition between communities, fish species composition in lakes is more strongly influenced by environmental factors than spatial structure, although the predictive power of these factors varies with the presence of invasive species and is most evident in native-only communities. Our results suggest that the need to understand the impacts of invasive species on native species not only through direct effects, but also the complex effects involving the diversity level of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid42093251,
year = {2026},
author = {Oro, D and Tirabassi, G},
title = {Stochastic colonization, transient and boom-bust dynamics shape invasions by native taxa.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {5},
pages = {e70398},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70398},
pmid = {42093251},
issn = {1939-9170},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; *Wetlands ; *Birds/physiology ; Stochastic Processes ; },
abstract = {Boom-bust dynamics (BBD) is a population dynamic pattern described in invasion ecology, where a population suddenly increases (boom) before quickly declining (bust), eventually stabilizing at much lower levels. This initial outbreak is considered a transient phase preceding a long-term population equilibrium. If BBD is common in invasions, understanding it is crucial for invasion interpretations and management. Nevertheless, how frequently BBD occurs is little known due to a scarcity and quality of data, and its underlying drivers remain poorly understood, especially among native species recolonizing restored habitats. Restored ecosystems offer a rare opportunity to investigate BBD in the absence of non-native traits. Here, we analyzed BBD in a community of 47 breeding waterbirds across 53 wetland patches from 1984 to 2023, where restoration measures (e.g., regulated hunting, improved hydrology) triggered an invasion (recolonization) process. Strikingly, although the study spanned 3-8 generation times, most species and the whole community showed long transient dynamics far from equilibrium. BBD was observed in over 75% of cases, exhibiting single and recurring patterns, particularly in wetlands with stochastic hydrology and among generalist species. Patch features influenced the occurrence of BBD nonlinearly, likely through interactions with other features, especially with species ecological typology. Rare species showed particular dynamics, characterized by high colonization-extinction turnover. Our findings, although restricted to waterbirds, suggest that, at least in this dataset, BBD are prevalent during invasions. Moreover, only approximately 20% of colonizations achieved long-term persistence, while the majority resulted in local extinctions. This underscores that failed, often undetected, colonization attempts may be widespread. Importantly, our study also shows that BBD can emerge in native species through intrinsic ecological processes alone, without invoking exotic traits or the species' ecological novelty. This challenges the prevailing view that BBD are uniquely associated with alien species and calls for a reinterpretation of population dynamics after colonization.},
}
@article {pmid42095091,
year = {2026},
author = {Ip, YCA and Brandão-Dias, PFP and Guri, G and Andruszkiewicz Allan, E and Kelly, RP},
title = {Vertebrate biodiversity via eDNA at the air-water interface.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {115682},
pmid = {42095091},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Aquatic, aerial, and terrestrial habitats exist along a continuum, with biomass and energy flows transporting genetic material across environmental boundaries. Here, we use environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to characterize genetic information exchange between water and air. From 27 paired samples collected at two urban-wildland interface sites using passive air sampling and active water filtering, we recovered 35 vertebrate taxa, with 40% detected in both media, ranging from aquatic salmon to terrestrial cottontail rabbit. Cross-medium detection probability scales with DNA abundance: logistic models identify ∼660 water reads and ∼14 air reads as 50% detection thresholds. Peaks in coho and Chinook salmon eDNA in water and air align within 24 h, demonstrating that passive air sampling reflects temporal abundance trends. Low-abundance taxa appear sporadically, reflecting stochastic behavior at low DNA concentrations, and reliable detection requires intensified sampling in the primary habitat. Together, these findings establish a unified framework for holistic vertebrate biodiversity monitoring at the land-water interface, with applications in conservation, invasive species early warning, and One Health surveillance.},
}
@article {pmid42097054,
year = {2026},
author = {Luo, R and Zhou, Y and Wu, M and Yin, D and Li, C and Xu, C and Gao, X and Wu, G and Wang, J and Hussain, M and Zha, Y and Qin, D},
title = {6-Hydroxycoumarin from Artemisia lavandulaefolia Induces Multimodal Toxicity in Solenopsis invicta via behavioral inhibition and mitochondrial disruption.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {318},
number = {},
pages = {120209},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120209},
pmid = {42097054},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Solenopsis invicta is a globally invasive species with serious ecological and economic impacts. As limitations of conventional chemical control become evident, botanical insecticides offer a promising alternative. This study identifies 6-hydroxycoumarin as the key insecticidal compound from Artemisia lavandulaefolia and systematically elucidates its multi-mechanistic toxicity. The compound exhibited potent gastric toxicity (LC50 = 55.144 mg/L at 72 h) and caused complete behavioral disruption at 125 mg/L, eliminating grasping/walking capacity and nearly suppressing all aggregation/climbing activities. Metabolomic analysis revealed extensive metabolic dysregulation, with significant disruption of CYP450-mediated xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Corresponding enzyme assays confirmed 23% CYP450 inhibition alongside 119-422% induction of GST, CarE, and SOD activities. Histo-pathological and ultra-structural examinations demonstrated dose-dependent midgut epithelial damage, mitochondrial cristae disintegration, and cellular vacuolization. These findings collectively demonstrate that 6-hydroxycoumarin induces mortality through synchronized behavioral incapacitation, metabolic dysfunction, CYP450 enzymes inhibition, and induction of apoptotic pathways, positioning it as an effective botanical insecticide for sustainable S. invicta management.},
}
@article {pmid41857127,
year = {2026},
author = {Sihmar, A and Kumar, S and Assad, H and Kumar, R and Tanwar, H and Dahiya, H},
title = {Green colloidal composites from Putranjiva roxburghii wall extract (PRWE) for the prevention of mild steel corrosion in an acidic medium of 1.0 M HCl.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41857127},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {201610223022//University Grants Commission/ ; },
abstract = {Despite the fact that various studies have proved the efficacy of plant-based extracts as green corrosion inhibitors, the possibility of using unwanted and invasive species as sustainable corrosion inhibitors is still underexplored. In the current study, Putranjiva roxburgii extract (PRWE), which is an abundantly available weed, is, explored as a value-added, eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor to mild steel in a 1.0 M HCl acidic environment. The electrochemical method, the gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the computational evaluation were used to analyze the PRWE corrosion inhibition performance. These findings indicated the presence of a concentration-related inhibition behaviour, with PRWE being a mixed-type inhibitor, as shown by anodic and cathodic polarization slopes. The corrosion inhibition potential of PRWE was systematically assessed via potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss (WL). PRWE exhibited efficiency of 95.57% as determined by EIS and 97.51% as obtained via WL at 298 K that decreased as the temperature was elevated. Increases in charge transfer resistance (Rct) and polarization resistance (Rp) and a reduction in the constant phase element value, confirming the presence of a protective adsorbed layer over the mild steel surface. Theoretical computations also indicated the vigorous adsorption of PRWE components on the steel surface, characterized by a low energy gap (ΔE), which showed good agreement with experimental results. Based on all the above findings, the present work presents weeds as a low-cost, low-utilized, sustainable source of corrosion inhibitors, which have the dual advantage of resisting corrosion and environmental management.},
}
@article {pmid42086982,
year = {2026},
author = {Dambiec, M and Polechońska, L and Klink, A},
title = {Comparative study of trace metal accumulation in native and invasive plant species.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42086982},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {2018/02/X/NZ8/03659//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
abstract = {Global ecosystems are rapidly changing under human pressures such as land-use change, degradation, and trace metal pollution. These conditions often favor invasive plants, yet the links between invasiveness and metal contamination remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to compare the biogeochemical responses of a native species (Tanacetum vulgare) and an invasive species (Solidago gigantea). Specifically, their capacity for metal uptake and translocation was investigated to assess whether certain traits may facilitate the performance of invasive plants in contaminated sites. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, and Mn were determined in soils and in the roots and aboveground organs of both species sampled in areas with and without industrial impact. The results showed that both species are capable of inhabiting anthropogenically altered and metal-contaminated sites. Importantly, they both exhibited reduced uptake of metals in polluted soils, indicating the utilization of a metal-excluder strategy. T. vulgare was more likely to restrict metal uptake at the root level, whereas S. gigantea appeared to limit metal translocation to aboveground parts. Moreover, S. gigantea contained significantly lower levels of Cd, Ni, and Pb in its organs than T. vulgare, suggesting greater efficiency in avoiding metal accumulation. These findings support the classification of both species as excluders and highlight the adaptive capacity of invasive species in disturbed environments.},
}
@article {pmid42087573,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, Y and Perry, GLW and Padamsee, M and Yu, S},
title = {Native-Alien Dichotomy in Pathogen Genomics: Host Specialization Versus Environmental Decoupling.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {e70394},
doi = {10.1111/ele.70394},
pmid = {42087573},
issn = {1461-0248},
mesh = {New Zealand ; *Genome, Fungal ; *Introduced Species ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; *Genome Size ; *Fungi/genetics ; *Basidiomycota/genetics ; Genomics ; *Host Specificity ; *Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Genome size is a key genomic trait underpinning evolutionary potential and ecological adaptation in pathogens, yet its biogeographic patterns remain poorly understood. From New Zealand data, we quantify the influence of host traits versus environmental factors on biogeographic patterns of genome size in pathogenic fungi, and test whether these predictors differ between native and alien pathogens. Host plants were the strongest predictors of genome size, with effects particularly pronounced in Basidiomycota and biotrophic fungi. Within co-origin host-pathogen pairs (native-native; alien-alien), conservative host traits were associated with smaller pathogen genomes overall, but with larger genomes in Basidiomycota. Host effects were stronger in native pathogens, while environmental filtering diverged, with climate dominating in native pathogens and terrain-related factors in alien pathogens. Native pathogens exhibited pronounced geographic genomic differentiation, whereas alien pathogens showed spatial homogenization. These results reveal a hierarchical framework that enhances predictions of disease dynamics under global environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid42088361,
year = {2026},
author = {Campbell, ML and Le, CTU and Hewitt, CL},
title = {Protecting Galápagos' marine ecosystems: Biosecurity and network design against invasive species from tourist vessels.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {115486},
pmid = {42088361},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {The modern world is characterized by high connectivity, enhancing economic productivity, and global communication, but outpacing our ability to manage its consequences. This connectivity increases the risk of pathogen, pest, and invasive species transmission. In the Galápagos islands, Ecuador, tourist vessel networks operate with limited restrictions and connect high conservation value locations, boosting tourism and the economy. These vessels frequently travel between multiple islands, leading to moderate connectivity and high vessel promiscuity. To prevent the spread of invasive species via these vessels, we propose a biosecurity system that combines social network tools with risk management frameworks that balances environmental protection with economic values. Our research suggests that leveraging environmental mismatches between island pairs and creating small-world networks can provide a functional and cost-effective biosecurity solution. These findings have global relevance for managing the spread and impact of invasive species worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid42088392,
year = {2026},
author = {Greenway, R and Dalan, L and Braendle, C and Félix, MA and Ding, SS},
title = {Differential Phoretic Vector Use Among Sympatric Caenorhabditis Nematodes and an Association With Invasive Nitidulid Beetles in Southwestern Germany.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73510},
pmid = {42088392},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Little is known about the natural history of many Caenorhabditis nematodes, despite their relationship to the model species C. elegans. While these nematodes rely on invertebrate vectors to disperse to new habitats (phoresy), vector use for most species has not been characterized. We surveyed the invertebrate community of a habitat containing three sympatric Caenorhabditis in southwestern Germany, determining differential and specific vector use for each of these co-occurring species. We documented a specific association between C. apta sp. n. and two species of invasive nitidulid beetles, and a particularly strong association of the nematode with the beetle Stelidota geminata, where we recovered more nematodes per individual beetle and a higher proportion of beetles carrying nematodes compared to the co-occurring Epuraea ocularis. Our results provide evidence for group dispersal using beetles in C. apta, supporting previous observations of collective dispersal behavior in this species, and establish a starting point for further dissecting the evolutionary and mechanistic causes and consequences of interactions between Caenorhabditis nematodes and their vector species in ecologically relevant conditions.},
}
@article {pmid42088461,
year = {2025},
author = {Hanson, J and Gordon, M and Peterson, N and Lepak, R and Goldsworthy, C and Brady, V and Hrabik, T and Hoffman, J},
title = {Stable isotope analysis of western Lake Superior predatory fishes, part two: prey source contributions.},
journal = {Journal of Great Lakes research},
volume = {51},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42088461},
issn = {0380-1330},
abstract = {Niche partitioning of time, space, or resources facilitates the coexistence of competitor species. The Lake Superior food web includes several piscivores that are important to fisheries, including native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush, both lean and siscowet morphotypes) and walleye (Sander vitreus), and introduced Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Here we quantify specific prey source contributions to these predators in the western arm of Lake Superior using dual stable isotope mixing models based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. For each species, three mixing models were constructed to examine predator size effect: one with all fish sampled, one with the 10 smallest fish sampled, and one with the 10 largest fish sampled. We found that native and introduced species had distinct diets from one another; siscowet lake trout primarily relied on burbot (Lota lota) and invasive rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), native lean lake trout and walleye both relied on invasive rainbow smelt, and introduced salmonids relied on native invertebrates Mysis diluviana and Diporeia spp. Additionally, siscowet lake trout, lean lake trout, Chinook salmon, and coho salmon exhibited size-based shifts in prey contributions. The low piscivory in introduced salmonids and high reliance of native predators on invasive rainbow smelt is likely due to low abundance of cisco (Coregonus artedi). Our study reveals complex, potentially adaptive responses of both native and introduced nearshore predators to both native and invasive prey resources in Lake Superior.},
}
@article {pmid42089098,
year = {2026},
author = {Mamoozadeh, N and Cooper, A and Quinlan, H and Varian, A and Infante, D and Meek, M},
title = {Dams and Introduced Species Drive Patterns of Environmental Adaptation in an Iconic but Imperiled Coldwater Fish (Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis).},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {e70239},
pmid = {42089098},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Freshwater biodiversity is being disproportionately negatively impacted by anthropogenic stressors including climate change, partly due to limited opportunities to seek more favorable conditions compared to marine and terrestrial species. Management plans that maintain locally adapted genotypes, and integrate active management interventions where needed, are vital for curbing further biodiversity loss but require information on environmental adaptation. Here, we explore environmental adaptation in native populations of a cold-adapted freshwater species (brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis) with a long history of negative impacts from human-induced stressors and now increasingly affected by climate change. We developed a new restriction site-associated DNA capture panel to genotype 3297 SNPs in over 2200 brook trout from 55 waterways across the Lake Superior basin. We used partial redundancy analyses to identify over 300 SNPs potentially involved in adaptation. Our study is among the first to implicate both movement barriers and introduced species in shaping environmental adaptation, along with climate. System-specific variables for introduced Pacific salmon and stream fragmentation caused by movement barriers exhibited some of the strongest associations with genetic variation, highlighting the role that dams and introduced species-features characteristic of the Great Lakes and much of North America-may play in shaping adaptation in native fishes. We also identified temperature and stream flow as strongly associated with putatively adaptive genetic variation, as reported in other studies. Importantly, these insights were possible given locally derived environmental information, which we analyzed alongside widely accessible broad-scale climate data. Finally, by calculating adaptive index and genomic offset, we identified areas where brook trout appear heterogeneously adapted across the landscape and where locally adapted genotypes may be prone to disruption from climate change. Our findings offer novel insights into environmental adaptation in brook trout and foundational knowledge for developing management plans that conserve the adaptive capacity of populations already experiencing changing conditions.},
}
@article {pmid42089639,
year = {2026},
author = {Nakamoto, A and Keith, L and Yu, Q and Sugiyama, L and Wu, X and Luiz, B and Villalun, M and Jacobs, J and Corbett-Detig, R and Cisneros, A and Heath, HD and Shanks, C and Okamoto, F and Alburo, AAA and Henricson, K and Lan, YJ and Moore, H and Seligmann, W and Zybina, Y},
title = {Genome sequence of Ceratocystis huliohia, a fungal pathogen of the native 'Ōhi'a tree in Hawai'i.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0023626},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00236-26},
pmid = {42089639},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {We present the genome sequence of Ceratocystis huliohia, one of two fungal pathogens causing the Rapid 'Ōhi'a Death disease of the native 'ōhi'a tree in Hawai'i. This assembly was generated using long-read Nanopore sequencing of C. huliohia isolate C25-5 collected on the island of Maui in April 2025.},
}
@article {pmid42091639,
year = {2026},
author = {Palonen, AK and Beaurepaire, AL and Schoch, R and Teixeira, &#xc9;W and Williams, GR and Evans, JD and Posada-Florez, F and Pirk, CWW and Lawrence, AK and Sorungbe, AA and Federico, G and Formato, G and Spooner-Hart, R and House, CM and Neumann, P and Papach, A},
title = {Widespread polyandry in an invasive beetle species (Aethina tumida).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-52114-5},
pmid = {42091639},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {310030_204479//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions may induce adaptive shifts in traits that increase individual reproductive success, thereby accelerating population growth and amplifying ecological impacts. One such trait is polyandry, i.e. multiple mating by females, which may vary between endemic and invasive populations due to variation in demographic and environmental factors that alter the costs and benefits of multiple mating. Despite polyandry being widespread across taxa, comparative studies among multiple endemic and invasive populations of invasive species remain scarce. Here, we estimated the prevalence of polyandry in two endemic and five invasive populations of small hive beetle (Aethina tumida), a globally invasive parasite affecting bee health. Using DNA microsatellite genotyping of field-sampled females and their offspring to estimate mating frequencies, we show that polyandry varies in SHB populations and females mate with 1-13 males. However, the polyandry levels were not significantly different across the endemic and invasive populations compared. These results suggest that polyandry in SHB may be a stable reproductive trait rather than a plastic response to invasion-related factors. Our work supports further research on how multiple mating may improve both individual reproductive success and population viability in the context of biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid42091935,
year = {2026},
author = {LeRoy, JZ and Loppnow, GL and Jackson, PR and Lasher, GE},
title = {Drift and dispersion of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) eggs and larvae for hypothetical spawning scenarios in the Upper Mississippi River.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42091935},
issn = {2045-2322},
}
@article {pmid42091943,
year = {2026},
author = {Lucati, F and Chaoui, F and Miranda Gómez, M and Caner, J and Adam, K and Anicic, N and Bakran-Lebl, K and Barandika, JF and Barrón, M and Barzon, L and Becker, N and Cevidanes, A and Deblauwe, I and Delacour-Estrella, S and Flacio, E and Gobbo, F and González, MA and Ibáñez-Justicia, A and Kavran, M and Klobučar, A and Koopmans, M and Kurucz, K and Leisnham, PT and Mogi, M and Montarsi, F and Ruiz-Arrondo, I and Schaffner, F and Schneider, A and Soltész, Z and Tuno, N and Van Bortel, W and Westby, KM and Eritja, R and Palmer, JRB and Bartumeus, F and Ventura, M},
title = {Invasion dynamics of the disease vector Aedes japonicus in Spain.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-49121-x},
pmid = {42091943},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {FK-138563//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; 101057554//Horizon Europe/ ; CNS2022-135646//Agencia Estatal de Investigaci&#xf3;n/ ; 874735//Horizon 2020/ ; },
abstract = {Native to East Asia, the Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus) has recently expanded its global range, with established invasive populations in Europe and North America. Given its potential role as a vector of various arboviruses, understanding its invasion process and ecological dynamics is crucial for managing its spread and mitigating public health risks. In the Iberian Peninsula, the species was first detected in Asturias in 2018 and has since expanded to neighbouring regions. Here, we elucidate the invasion pathways and possible origins of Ae. japonicus populations in Spain using sequence data and microsatellite markers, and by screening for the presence of maternally transmitted bacteria of the genus Wolbachia. We analysed 635 Ae. japonicus from 14 countries, including Japan (native range), the United States, and 12 European countries. No clear association between haplotypes and geographical location was detected in any of the three genes analysed (nuclear ITS2, mitochondrial COI and ND4). Wolbachia was not detected in any of the screened samples. In contrast, microsatellite-based population structure analyses showed that most Spanish samples clustered closely with those from College Park, Maryland (USA), located near the Port of Baltimore, one of the largest ports in the United States and a recognised gateway for invasive species introductions. Northern Spain hosts major seaports such as Bilbao and Gijón, whereas the nearest established Ae. japonicus population in Europe lies over 1,000 km away in northeastern France. Taken together, these findings suggest that the most plausible invasion route of Ae. japonicus into Spain involves maritime transport from the eastern coast of the United States to northern Spanish ports, likely accompanied by additional minor introductions of European origin. The inclusion of additional microsatellite loci originally developed for Ae. albopictus yielded results consistent with those obtained using Ae. japonicus-specific loci, reinforcing the robustness of the observed patterns. This work provides new insights into the invasion process of Ae. japonicus in Europe and highlights the need for continuous monitoring and tailored interventions at key ports of entry.},
}
@article {pmid41966007,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, J and Xu, X and Wang, C and Geng, Y and Wang, Y and Wu, J and Li, B},
title = {The presence of legumes (Fabaceae) undermines the resistance effect of functional group diversity against invasion.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {405},
number = {},
pages = {129596},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129596},
pmid = {41966007},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Fabaceae ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Nitrogen ; Soil/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Biomass ; Poaceae ; Nitrogen Fixation ; },
abstract = {High plant diversity is widely believed to enhance community resistance against biological invasions. However, this preventive effect may be undermined by the functional identity of key groups, with nitrogen (N)-fixing legumes presenting a paradox: they are critical for ecosystem recovery but may create resource hotspots that promote plant invasion. Here, we tested how legume presence influences community resistance to the invader Bidens alba in synthetic plant communities of grasses and forbs, with or without legumes. Using assembled community experiments in which functional group combinations were manipulated (with constant species richness), we quantified legume effects on soil nitrogen enrichment and the competitive intensity experienced by the invader. We found that functional diversity enhanced community resistance, but this effect was weakened by legume presence. Legume-containing communities supported, on average, 234% higher invader total biomass than legume-free ones across all tested diversity levels. This increased invasibility arose because legumes both enriched soil nitrogen that promoted invader growth, and reduced the overall competitive pressure imposed by resident communities. Our findings reveal a hierarchy of controls on invasion in which the functional identity of a key group, such as N-fixers, can outweigh the invasion-suppressive effects of diversity. This highlights that the control of invasive-plant management should move beyond simply maximizing diversity because the inclusion of particular functional groups may increase community susceptibility to invasion.},
}
@article {pmid42078665,
year = {2026},
author = {He, L and Gao, Z and Yao, Y and Lan, L and Yu, X and Yang, Y and Luo, X and Yang, R and Wang, J and Hu, Y and La, Q and Da, L},
title = {Patterns and Drivers of Spontaneous Plant Diversity in Urban Wastelands Across 17 Cities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73521},
pmid = {42078665},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is ecologically significant due to its unique biodiversity and vulnerability to climate change and rapid urbanization. Among its emerging urban habitats, wastelands with relatively low anthropogenic disturbances offer key refuges and stepping stones for spontaneous plants. However, the patterns and drivers of spontaneous plant diversity in these habitats remain poorly understood. To address this, we surveyed spontaneous plant communities across 17 cities on the QTP. We found that native species dominated urban wasteland flora (85.8%), whereas invasive species constituted over half (65.8%) of the non-native species. The results showed that land-use legacy effects and environmental filtering shape community assembly. GLMM analyses further reveal that the climatic background constitutes a key factor shaping community diversity variations across the QTP, exerting the most significant influence on species richness, particularly through precipitation and wind speed. Urbanization and habitat quality factors jointly shape the diversity structural characteristics of communities. However, non-native and invasive species exhibit heightened sensitivity to local habitat quality. Furthermore, differences between communities across all groups were due to species turnover, though the driving factors differed between groups. Native species exhibited stronger overall ecological adaptability, whereas differences between communities of non-native and invasive species were primarily driven by human disturbance and habitat conditions. These findings underscore the ecological value of urban wastelands on the QTP for biodiversity conservation and invasion management under rapid urbanization and climate change.},
}
@article {pmid42083423,
year = {2026},
author = {Raahavishree, T and Agalya, B and Pavan-Kumar, A and Sangeetha, S and Kathirvelpandian, A and Srihari, M and Landge, AT and Nayak, BB},
title = {Genetic diversity and demographic history of the invasive mussel Mytella strigata in Indian coastal waters.},
journal = {Journal of genetics},
volume = {105},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42083423},
issn = {0973-7731},
mesh = {Animals ; *Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; India ; *Introduced Species ; Cytochromes b/genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Phylogeny ; Gene Flow ; },
abstract = {The American brackish water mussel, Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843), is an invasive species with a growing global footprint, recently recorded in the Indian coastal ecosystems. Despite its rapid spread and potential ecological impact, no genetic data are available for Indian populations. We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of M. strigata with a 683 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene from 71 individuals collected from six locations along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Sixteen haplotypes were identified. The Vembanad lake and Ennore creek populations on the Kerala/West Coast and Tamil Nadu/East Coast, respectively, had the highest haplotype and nucleotide diversity, whereas otherWest and East Coast populations had very low diversity. AMOVA indicated that 16.7% of the genetic variance occurs among populations, which contrasts with the expectation for a species with a high dispersal of planktonic larvae. The haplotype network includes both shared and population-specific haplotypes, consistent with multiple introduction events and restricted gene flow rather than range expansion from a single source. Neutrality and mismatch analyses showed no significant evidence of demographic expansion, which likely reflects the limited resolution of the short cyt b fragment. The invasion history of M. strigata in India is complex, and is characterized by independent introductions, local diversification, and constrained post-settlement dispersal.},
}
@article {pmid42084807,
year = {2026},
author = {Ghasemi, B and Kyle, GT and McGarrity, ME},
title = {Understanding mitigation intentions for aquatic invasive species: A protection motivation theory perspective.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42084807},
issn = {1654-7209},
support = {21-001A//Invasive Species Action Network/ ; },
abstract = {Aquatic invasive species (AIS) threaten freshwater ecosystems, and recreational boating is a major vector of their spread. This study applies Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), extended with moral obligations, to examine predictors of Clean, Drain, Dry (CDD) behavior among 2977 boaters in Kansas, Oregon, Texas, and Utah. Structural equation modeling showed that problem awareness strongly influenced perceived threat severity, response efficacy, perceived difficulty, and personal norms, which in turn predicted CDD behavior. Multigroup analyses revealed significant state-level differences in both mean values and structural relationships. Utah respondents reported higher awareness, threat perceptions, and compliance, whereas Texas respondents reported lower levels. These patterns likely reflect differences in the contexts of outreach, prevention, and enforcement. Findings highlight the importance of integrating cognitive and normative factors in AIS interventions and tailoring strategies to state-specific conditions. The study advances PMT by emphasizing the role of problem awareness and moral obligations in shaping pro-environmental behavior.},
}
@article {pmid42086591,
year = {2026},
author = {Evans, T and Mendl, M},
title = {Quantifying and categorising the animal welfare impacts caused by biological invasions.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42086591},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {EV 304/4-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Animal Welfare ; *Birds/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Ants/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Behavior, Animal ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions cause animal suffering, but few studies assess these welfare impacts, and hence understanding of them is limited. We present a framework which can be used to identify relative changes to the welfare of an individual animal caused by biological invasions. We use it to assess the welfare impacts of bird and ant invasions. These impacts are a global phenomenon affecting native and introduced animals. Nevertheless, some introduced ant species cause severe impacts wherever they occur, whereas introduced birds do not. Impacts are likely to be underreported, particularly those affecting introduced animals. Physical and behavioural evidence (e.g., injuries and repetitive preening by birds) is sufficient to identify many welfare impacts. Physiological evidence (e.g., changes in 'stress' hormones) is more scarce, and could provide useful additional information to help quantify impact severity. Published biodiversity impacts of biological invasions are an unmined resource that may be used to assess impacts.},
}
@article {pmid42070843,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, P and Yang, N and Hu, X and Niu, L and Xu, J and Huang, R and Lin, L and Li, Y},
title = {Domestic and exotic freshwater fish communities of different water systems under anthropogenic pressures: Diversity patterns, environmental drivers and ecological interactions.},
journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)},
volume = {164},
number = {},
pages = {506-515},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.033},
pmid = {42070843},
issn = {1001-0742},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology/classification ; China ; *Biodiversity ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Fresh Water ; Ecosystem ; *Anthropogenic Effects ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Human activity threatens freshwater fish biodiversity, with non-native species driving functional homogenization and biodiversity loss. This highlights the critical need to investigate the diversity, environmental drivers and ecological interactions between native and non-native communities. This study investigates domestic and exotic fish diversity using environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling across 112 rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in Jiangsu Province, China. A joint species distribution model (JSDM) is applied to identify correlated environmental variables and biotic associations shaping fish community. We also quantify the impact of land use on water quality and propose a trait-based framework to predict potential vulnerable functional space. Our findings suggest that fish diversity patterns differ in lotic and lentic systems. Nutrients (total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen) and pollutants (fluoride, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)) are key factors affecting regional fish community, with domestic fish being more sensitive to pollutants than exotic species. Exotic species with functional traits similar to those of the domestic community at the community level but distinct at the individual level tend to establish through preadaptation, further promoting the functional homogenization of ecosystems. A framework for predicting vulnerable functional space is proposed based on trait-based analysis, which underscores the importance of identifying functional traits and community structure. In conclusion, fish communities in Jiangsu are shaped by abiotic factors filtering specific functional traits and biotic relationships driving ecological interactions. Our study provides insights into conserving aquatic ecosystems and managing non-native species.},
}
@article {pmid42075424,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, J and Chen, P},
title = {Climate Change Drives Divergent Potential Habitat Dynamics of Invasive and Native Noxious Asteraceae Weeds in Yunnan Grasslands.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15081217},
pmid = {42075424},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {202505AF350074//The Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Talent and Platform Program (Academician Expert Workstation Project)/ ; 202302AE090017//Research on Key Technologies for the Green and Efficient Prevention and Control of Important Pests in Coniferous Plantations/ ; Yun(2025)TG05//Application and Promotion of Refined Risk Assessment Technology for Pine Wood Nematode Disease in Yunnan Province/ ; },
abstract = {Using high-resolution field data from the Yunnan Provincial Grassland Pest Survey and an optimized MaxEnt model, we compared the climate-driven habitat dynamics of two invasive Asteraceae weeds (Chromolaena odorata, Ageratina adenophora) and a native weed (Cirsium japonicum). We assessed whether invasive and native weeds differ in environmental responses, future range dynamics, and management strategies, and three novel patterns were revealed. First, the invasive Chromolaena odorata exhibits a sustained positive response to mean annual temperature (contribution 67.6%), while the native Cirsium japonicum shows a strictly unimodal response with a narrow optimum (0-10 °C, contribution 46.4%) and high-temperature sensitivity, projecting over 50% habitat loss by the 2050s under high emissions. Second, the invasive Ageratina adenophora displays a southern contraction versus northern expansion pattern under high emissions (current highly suitable area ~9.12 × 10[4] km[2]), suggesting that extreme warming may enable it to breach high-altitude barriers. Third, all three species show unimodal responses to human disturbance with species-specific optima. Overall, the invasive species, leveraging broad ecological amplitudes and strong adaptability, are poised for continued expansion of their potential suitable habitat, while the native species, constrained by a narrow niche and limited dispersal capacity, faces systemic habitat loss. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for differentiating management strategies between invasive and native problematic weeds in Yunnan grasslands.},
}
@article {pmid42075452,
year = {2026},
author = {Kolarov, R and Ninkovic, V and Gvozdenac, S and Vodnar, DC and Ranga, F and Prvulović, D},
title = {Bioactivity of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Extracts on Wheat Germination and Rice Weevil Survival.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15081250},
pmid = {42075452},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {451-03-33/2026-03/200117//Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development/ ; 451-03-136/2026-03/200032//Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development/ ; #6691//Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species are increasingly recognized not only as ecological threats but also as potential sources of bioactive compounds with agricultural applications. However, the combined allelopathic and insecticidal potential of Ailanthus altissima's different plant parts remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluated the bioactivity of different plant part (leaf, bark, and branch) extracts of A. altissima. Secondary metabolites were characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS, while ethanol extracts (0.5-5%) were tested on wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed germination, seedling growth, oxidative status, and on the survival and repellency of the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). Biological responses were strongly plant part and concentration-dependent. Leaf extracts contained the highest phenolic levels, dominated by caffeoylquinic acids and quercetin derivatives, whereas bark and branch extracts showed lower but compositionally distinct profiles. Despite this, bark and branch extracts produced the strongest biological effects, inhibiting germination energy and root growth at higher concentrations, while leaf extracts stimulated seedling performance, including increased vigor index, while in insect bioassays, bark and branch extracts caused higher mortality and stronger suppression of rice weevil populations. This study provides new evidence that biomass extracts of the invasive species A. altissima represent a promising source of biologically active compounds with both allelopathic and insecticidal properties, highlighting its potential valorization as a plant-based biopesticide for sustainable pest management.},
}
@article {pmid42075481,
year = {2026},
author = {Adhikari, P and Adhikari, P and Poudel, A and Lee, YH and Hong, SH},
title = {Evaluation of Habitat Suitability and Assessment of the Invasion Risk of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] in Global Freshwater Ecosystems.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15081279},
pmid = {42075481},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {RS-2024-00400922//Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET)/ ; RS-2025-02253003//Korea Forestry Promotion Institute/ ; },
abstract = {Aquatic ecosystems worldwide are increasingly threatened by invasive species, with water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] being among the most destructive aquatic weeds. Despite numerous regional studies, a global assessment integrating climatic and hydrological drivers remains lacking. Here, we assessed current and future invasion risks across 55,945 freshwater lakes using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. Climatic variables and key aquatic parameters, including biological oxygen demand (BOD), water depth, and discharge, were incorporated under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and BOD were the strongest predictors of habitat suitability. Under current conditions, 5524 lakes, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions, were identified as being suitable habitats, with medium-sized lakes exhibiting the highest proportional suitability (16.54%). Although small lakes were most frequently classified as suitable due to their abundance, larger lakes showed higher suitability intensity. Future projections indicated marked habitat expansion, especially under SSP5-8.5, with suitable lake surface area increasing to 18.12% by 2061-2080. Moreover, 543 currently unsuitable lakes, including Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario, were projected to face elevated invasion risk, particularly in Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and North America. This global, lake-specific assessment supports early warning, targeted management, and climate-responsive policy planning.},
}
@article {pmid42077508,
year = {2026},
author = {Tenor-Ortiz, MJ and Alcázar, P and Tamajón-Gómez, R and Galán, C},
title = {Analysis of Spontaneous Plant Species in an Urban Green Space in Southern Spain.},
journal = {Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {e70144},
pmid = {42077508},
issn = {2575-6265},
abstract = {This study presents a detailed floristic inventory of the spontaneous flora in La Asomadilla urban park in Córdoba, southern Spain. In addition to being the largest urban park in the city, La Asomadilla is characterized by irregular terrain, a transitional location between the Guadalquivir river plain and Sierra Morena mountains, and the predominance of native vegetation with a naturalized appearance rather than a formal garden design. These characteristics make the park an important reservoir of biodiversity and a barrier against the spread of invasive species. A total of 250 species belonging to 60 families were recorded, predominantly therophytes adapted to Mediterranean climatic conditions. Two species (Cyperus eragrostis and Valerianella microcarpa) were recorded for the first time in the municipality, along with five orchid species of high ecological value. Several allergenic taxa were identified, primarily belonging to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Oleaceae families, highlighting the importance of considering the impact on public health in the management of urban biodiversity. Unlike most studies on urban green spaces, which focus mainly on ornamental or tree species, this research highlights the relevance of the accompanying wild flora. These species not only contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing temperatures and capturing CO2 but also provide health benefits for the population. Therefore, this study provides novel and valuable data at the local level to inform ecological and public health management strategies in Mediterranean urban areas.},
}
@article {pmid42078561,
year = {2026},
author = {Verloove, F and de Backer, S and Bawin, Y and Groom, Q and Leliaert, F and Meeus, S and Janssens, SB},
title = {Morphological and genomic data from Belgian naturalised populations reinstate the enigmatic Lathyrus platyphyllos (Fabaceae) as a distinct European species.},
journal = {PhytoKeys},
volume = {273},
number = {},
pages = {255-279},
pmid = {42078561},
issn = {1314-2011},
abstract = {The genus Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) is represented in Belgium by several native and alien species, amongst which the Lathyrus sylvestris-latifolius complex has long posed taxonomic difficulties. Since the 1940s, plants with intermediate morphological characters between L. sylvestris and L. latifolius have been observed in Belgium, combining the smaller corollas of the former with the broader, rounded leaflets of the latter. To clarify their identity, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of four chloroplast markers (trnS-G, trnL-F, rbcL, trnH-psbA) and the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), complemented by genome-wide SNP data obtained through DArTseq genotyping for 20 individuals representing L. latifolius, L. heterophyllus, L. sylvestris and the enigmatic Belgian specimens. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the five markers, together with analysis of the SNP data (Principal Coordinates Analysis, Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction and multispecies coalescent species delimitation), all revealed four well-supported genetic lineages corresponding to these taxa. The enigmatic specimens form a monophyletic clade sister to L. sylvestris, genetically distinct from both L. heterophyllus (including var. unijugus) and L. latifolius. These results exclude hybrid origin and support recognition of these plants as an independent evolutionary lineage, which can, thus, be regarded as a distinct species. In light of both morphological and molecular evidence, we reinstate the name Lathyrus platyphyllos (Retz.) W.D.J.Koch for this taxon. Lathyrus platyphyllos differs from L. sylvestris by its broader leaflets with rounded apices and its wider stipules and stem wings. The species is non-native in Belgium, first recorded in 1943 and now locally naturalised along railway lines and other disturbed sites. Recognition of L. platyphyllos restores taxonomic clarity within the L. sylvestris-latifolius complex and highlights the need for further study of its native range, introduction pathways and potential invasiveness.},
}
@article {pmid42066249,
year = {2025},
author = {Mendelson, A and Nuon, K and Pernet, B},
title = {Gregarious and Nongregarious Larval Settlement in the Aggregation-Forming Annelid Ficopomatus enigmaticus.},
journal = {The Biological bulletin},
volume = {248},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1086/740316},
pmid = {42066249},
issn = {1939-8697},
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Polychaeta/physiology/growth &amp; development/genetics ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; },
abstract = {AbstractGregarious larval settlement, a phenomenon in which cues associated with conspecifics induce larval settlement, plays a role in the growth of existing aggregations of many aggregation-forming sessile marine invertebrates. The formation of new aggregations, however, requires larvae to settle in response to other cues. The mechanism underlying this variation in larval settlement responses is unknown for most species with gregarious settlement. In this study we first present evidence that larvae of the serpulid annelid Ficopomatus enigmaticus settle gregariously. In no-choice, still-water experiments, a much higher percentage of larvae settled after 24 h of exposure to conspecific tube than after exposure to mussel shell collected from the same habitat. We then tested the hypothesis that larvae of F. enigmaticus display a genetically determined dimorphism in settlement behavior like that of the serpulid Hydroides dianthus, with most larvae capable of settling only in response to a conspecific cue but a small percentage of larvae capable of settling only in response to a biofilm cue. If this hypothesis is correct, the sum of the percentages of larvae that settle in response to a conspecific cue and those that settle in response to a biofilm cue cannot exceed 100% (since each larva can accept only one of the two cue types throughout its competent period). Our data on F. enigmaticus are not consistent with this prediction, suggesting that individual larvae can respond to multiple types of settlement cues during their competent period. This has significant implications for how frequently larvae can form new aggregations, a topic of special importance for F. enigmaticus and H. dianthus, both of which are well-known invasive species in marine habitats around the globe.},
}
@article {pmid42069546,
year = {2026},
author = {Seye, S and Kane, M and Sankhe, S and Dia, N and Fall, G and Faye, O and Diallo, M and Gaye, A and Diagne, MM},
title = {Serological evidence of Lassa virus in commensal rodents from Senegal.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-026-13450-z},
pmid = {42069546},
issn = {1471-2334},
support = {ANR-11-CEPL-010//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lassa fever, a neglected zoonotic hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus (LASV) and endemic in West Africa, remains a significant public health concern associated with rodent exposure. Senegal lies at the western fringe of the LASV area, but only one 1988 serosurvey reported low antibody prevalence. Given recent ecological shifts, including the expansion of invasive Rattus rattus and Mus musculus, we reassessed LASV exposure in rodents from Senegal.<br><br>METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 618 archived rodent sera collected in 2012-2013 from domestic and peri-domestic environments in central and eastern Senegal. Samples were screened for LASV-specific IgG by ELISA, and IgM was assessed descriptively in IgG-positive or equivocal specimens, with cautious interpretation because rodent validation for IgM remains limited. Spatial mapping and ecological analysis identified seropositivity clusters and potential environmental correlates.<br><br>RESULTS: Eleven rodents were IgG-seroreactive (1.8%; 95% CI: 0.9-3.2%), and no IgM reactivity was detected, although IgM results were interpreted cautiously because rodent validation remains limited. All seroreactive animals belonged to the commensal species Rattus rattus (9/180; 5%) and Mus musculus (2/174; 1.1%) and were clustered in five villages along major transport corridors. At the locality level, overall positivity ranged from 3.3% to 28.6%, with the highest values observed in Did&#xe9; Gassama (26.3%) and Kounkane (28.6%), indicating a focal rather than diffuse pattern of LASV exposure.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first update in over three decades on LASV exposure in Senegalese rodents. IgG seroreactivity confined to invasive commensal species suggests localized exposure patterns that warrant further investigation, while the weak, non-significant association between rodent diversity and seropositivity does not support a clear diversity effect. Spatial clustering of seropositive rodents along major transport routes points to low-level but persistent circulation in settings favoring human-rodent contact. These findings provide a retrospective baseline of LASV seroreactivity in Senegalese rodents and highlight the need to integrate rodent surveillance into One Health frameworks to strengthen early warning and regional preparedness.<br><br>CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.},
}
@article {pmid42070139,
year = {2026},
author = {Song, U and Lee, M and Son, D and Rim, H},
title = {Phytoremediation of nanoparticle contaminated soil using the fast growing herbaceous plant Solidago altissima.},
journal = {International journal of phytoremediation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/15226514.2026.2662552},
pmid = {42070139},
issn = {1549-7879},
abstract = {This study investigated the potential of the fast-growing invasive plant Solidago altissima for phytoremediation of nanoparticle-contaminated soils. Plants were grown in soils treated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 1000, and 5000 mg/kg to evaluate growth performance and nanoparticle accumulation. TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles were selected due to their widespread industrial use and increasing environmental occurrence, raising concerns about their persistence in terrestrial ecosystems. S. altissima exhibited stable eco-physiological performance, including chlorophyll content, height growth, and biomass production across treatment levels. The plant tolerated TiO2 nanoparticles up to 5000 mg/kg without significant growth inhibition. In Ag nanoparticle-treated soils, biomass showed a concentration-dependent response: compared with the control (9.70 g), total dry biomass increased at 10 mg/kg (11.74 g) but decreased at higher concentrations (6.72-6.43 g at 1000-5000 mg/kg). Nanoparticle accumulation was predominantly observed in roots, and root concentrations increased with increasing soil nanoparticle levels, indicating strong belowground retention of Ti and Ag. The extensive rhizome system and high biomass production of S. altissima suggest its potential for soil-targeted phytoremediation. Overall, the results indicate that the remediation role of S. altissima is more consistent with root-based phytostabilization than with shoot-based phytoextraction. These findings suggest that utilizing this species in disturbed environments, such as roadside soils where it is already widely established, may provide dual benefits by contributing to nanoparticle stabilization in soils while supporting invasive plant biomass management. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term ecological impacts and field-scale applicability.},
}
@article {pmid42062397,
year = {2026},
author = {Ayed, FA and Ahmed, DAE},
title = {Ecological study on alien Amaranthus spinosus L. in the Egyptian Nile Valley.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42062397},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Amaranthus/growth &amp; development/physiology/classification ; Egypt ; *Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Soil/chemistry ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Amaranthus spinosus L. is a member of the Amaranthaceae family, commonly known as the spiny amaranth, or spiny pigweed. It is native to the tropical Americas, but is present on most continents as an introduced species, noxious weed, and can be a serious weed of rice cultivation in Asia. In Egypt, the Nile Delta, particularly Cairo, is the home of spiny amaranth; however, it has recently been recorded in the Nile Valley (Aswan area) colonizing different habitats such as roadsides, depressions, Khor and river banks. This study aimed to study the current distribution of spiny amaranth in the Aswan area and its associated species. It also aims at studying their life and growth forms, habitats, soil characteristics, local and global distributions, local threats, and spiny amaranth seed characteristics. Five sites along the river Nile in Aswan city was surveyed from the period of 2018 until 2025 in four identified habitats (Roadsides, depressions, khor, and river banks). Forty species were recorded associated with spiny amaranth, belonging to 38 genera and 16 families. Therophytes (15 species) followed by phanerophytes (14 species) were the most represented life form. All recorded species inhabit the Nile region, and most of the 12 taxa were pantropical. Most studied species (32.5% of the total threatened species) suffer from at least one type of threat. They mostly suffer from habitat loss due to industrial, urban, and tourist development. Soil samples were analyzed for edaphic variables. The relative importance of a certain environmental factor on the distribution of the recorded species across the four habitats were performed using PCORD (v6.22 software). The spiny amaranth seed colors are mainly dark brown to reddish brown, lenticular shape, glabrous and matte surface, acute apex, and obtuse to rounded base, hilum marginal, sub-basal, and slightly eccentric. Its length ranged from 7.24 to 7.84 mm, and its width varied between 7.27 and 7.77 mm. The authors recommended that monitoring the behavior of alien species and conducting ongoing surveys are crucial for biodiversity conservation.},
}
@article {pmid42063648,
year = {2026},
author = {Geng, Y and Oduro, C and Chen, J and Khan, S and Adom Frimpong, J and Dalu, T and Wu, N},
title = {Climate and Land-Use Change May Reshape the Biogeography of Freshwater Crabs Across China.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73505},
pmid = {42063648},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Freshwater biodiversity is increasingly exposed to the synergistic effects of climate forcing and land-use change, yet the regional responses of key invertebrate lineages remain poorly resolved. We employed ensemble species distribution models to assess how future climate-land-use trajectories may reorganize the suitability patterns for two ecologically distinct freshwater crab families in China: the inland Potamidae and the coastal-estuarine Sesarmidae. Utilizing georeferenced occurrences from 2014 to 2024 and seven bioclimatic and land-use predictors, we developed AUC-weighted ensembles of MaxEnt and Random Forest models (AUC 0.91-0.94; TSS 0.75-0.77). Current suitability is concentrated within the humid river basins and coastal systems of southern and eastern China. Potamidae distributions are primarily associated with macro-scale thermal gradients, whereas Sesarmidae suitability reflects a strong interaction between climatic variables and coastal land-use signatures. Future projections (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) indicate a systematic increase in mean and median continuous suitability across both families, suggesting a transition toward a more bioclimatically permissive landscape. However, the threshold-defined suitable area contracted sharply, particularly for Sesarmidae, demonstrating that future change is better characterized as a spatial redistribution from concentrated contemporary cores toward broader, more diffuse intermediate-suitability envelopes. While Potamidae exhibits a northward and inland expansion of moderate suitability, Sesarmidae maintains a restricted association with coastal refugia despite broader regional permissiveness. These results indicate that global change may expand environmental envelopes without preserving stable core habitats, underscoring the need to distinguish broad suitability from high-confidence refugia in freshwater biodiversity conservation.},
}
@article {pmid42063664,
year = {2026},
author = {K Wambua, J and Wato, YA and Abdallah, SA and K Mworia, J and Lukhoba, C and Gichuki, NN},
title = {Determinants of Seasonal Elephant Habitat Use in Small and Enclosed Conservation Area: Mwea National Reserve, Kenya.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73538},
pmid = {42063664},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {This study explored the drivers of seasonal African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) habitat use in a small, enclosed conservation area with limited space and no migration corridors. It examined how elephant habitat-use dynamics may influence management strategies, human-wildlife conflict mitigation, and the long-term sustainability of elephant populations in small and isolated protected areas. The study was conducted in Mwea National Reserve, a fenced protected area in Kenya. Elephant spatial distribution was assessed using indirect signs of presence. We conducted 96 straight-line dung transects (250 m each) and 350 m reconnaissance walks across the reserve to document dung occurrence and density. Seasonal elephant distribution was modeled using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) using five environmental predictors. We used the jackknife method to evaluate the relative influence of each predictor on seasonal habitat use. We hypothesized that (i) water and forage availability would primarily determine dry-season habitat use, and (ii) landscape variables would be more influential in the wet season, when water and forage are less limiting. MaxEnt models performed moderately well, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.714 (dry) and 0.664 (wet). In the dry season, the most influential predictors were invasive plant presence (28.9%), proximity to permanent rivers (26.9%), and elevation (26.5%). In the wet season, distance to the reserve boundary was the strongest predictor (38.9%), while NDVI showed stable influence across seasons (16.2% dry, 20.1% wet). Small and isolated conservation areas holding elephants among other large herbivores pose many ecological and management challenges. In Mwea National Reserve, this study found a rapidly growing elephant population, high density, and seasonal shifts in habitat use, primarily driven by water and forage availability. Land elevation, reserve boundaries, and other infrastructure had limited influence on elephant distribution and food access. However, the distribution of invasive plant species overlapped with key elephant foraging sites, thereby restricting access to usable plants in non-invaded areas. Controlling invasive plants can improve forage access and relax browsing pressure on natural vegetation. Maintaining fence integrity and sustained cooperation with the surrounding community is crucial to limit foraging range expansion as well as monitor and reduce human-elephant conflict. The findings of this study provide usable information and spatially explicit guidance for managing savanna elephant populations in small and isolated conservation areas.},
}
@article {pmid42064304,
year = {2026},
author = {Dwivedi, SL and Ricigliano, VA and Forlani, G and Ortiz, R},
title = {Augmenting plant-pollinator interactions to promote biodiversity and global food security.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1761150},
pmid = {42064304},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Global agricultural production is currently limited by ongoing climate change. Approximately 90% of crop species and numerous wild plants are dependent on pollinators for reproduction. The global threat to pollinators posed by climate change has grown considerably, as higher temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events disrupt the fragile relationships between plants and their pollinators. The decline in pollinators is also linked to shifts in land use, the widespread adoption of monocropping, and heavy reliance on agrochemicals. Therefore, the protection of pollinators and the preservation of agrobiodiversity are essential to uphold global food systems. Here, we synthesize the adverse impact of climate change on plant-pollinator interactions; throughput assay for phenotyping floral traits; assessing variability and molecular basis of floral display (flower size, shape, color, attractants etc.) and reward (nectar volume and composition, pollen, and fragrance in case of ornamental plants) traits; crop domestication and inbreeding, ploidy and mating systems differences impacting plant-pollinator interactions; volatiles and metabolites mediating plant-pollinator relationships; trade-offs involving reproductive and pollinator traits; and finally, progress in developing pollinator-friendly crop cultivars through conventional plant breeding and biotechnological interventions. Pollinator-assisted phenotyping and selection platform (DARkWIN) combined with other high-throughput phenotyping assays, has the potential to simultaneously quantify multiple interactions impacting pollinators' visitation and foraging behaviors, and generate data on other parameters like stress tolerance, yield, and nutrition in the target populations. Assessing and exploiting functional diversity for plant-pollinator interactions, combined with the use of functionally characterized genes and associated markers for floral display (AT2G31010, AT4G17080, CmGEG, CmCYC2c, CmJAZ1-like-CmBPE2, Cyc2CL-1, Cyc2CL-2) and reward (SWEET9, BrCWINV4A, EOBI, EOBII) traits, can be deployed in breeding programs to develop pollinator-friendly crop cultivars. Numerous candidate genes, reported herein, must be functionally validated before being deployed in crop breeding programs.},
}
@article {pmid42065990,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, L and Liu, D and Liu, S and Zhang, Z and Xu, K and Smagghe, G and Yang, W},
title = {Catalases act as putative oral secretion effectors in Tuta absoluta, suppressing tomato oxidative defenses and providing safe RNAi targets for pest control.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70884},
pmid = {42065990},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {BS20240212//Specialized Fund&#x2009;for the Doctoral of Kaili University&#x2009;/ ; QKHJC-ZK-2022-003//Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ-[2024]228//Growth of Young Scientific and Technological Talents of Guizhou Educational Commission&#x2009;/ ; QDNKHJC-[2024]0008//Basic Research Program of Qiandongnan&#x2009;Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture&#x2009;/ ; QJJ-2023-024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; 32402379//National Natural Science Foundation of China&#x2009;/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tuta absoluta is a globally destructive invasive Solanaceae pest with widespread resistance to conventional insecticides, highlighting the urgent need for eco-friendly and sustainable control strategies. Catalase (CAT) is a key antioxidant enzyme that primarily scavenges intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to maintain redox homeostasis. CATs have also been detected in the oral secretions (OSs) of some herbivorous insects, suggesting an additional extracellular role in manipulating plant defense during feeding making CATs innovative targets for pest management. Here, we systematically identified CATs in Tuta absoluta and evaluated their functions and suitability as RNA interference (RNAi) targets.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine CATs were identified, with TaCAT1-TaCAT3 clustered phylogenetically with known insect OS-associated CATs. These genes showed high expression in larval heads and guts, induced by tomato feeding, indicating roles at the insect-plant interface. Silencing these CATs significantly impaired larval performance: individual double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) caused 69% mortality, while combined targeting (dsCAT-mix) achieved 80% mortality, accompanied by reduced pupation and smaller pupae. Functionally, CAT silencing induced tomato leaves H2O2 accumulation, and activated jasmonic acid pathway while suppressing salicylic acid signaling. These results demonstrate that CATs facilitate larval feeding by suppressing plant oxidative and hormonal defenses. Importantly, dsCAT treatments had no negative effects on predator Nesidiocoris tenuis, underscoring biosafety and specificity.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings uncover a previously underappreciated role of CATs as putative OS effectors in a lepidopteran pest, validating them as effective, selective, and eco-friendly RNAi targets. This work provides mechanistic insight into insect-plant interactions and a practical foundation for sustainable RNAi-based strategies against Tuta absoluta. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42053319,
year = {2026},
author = {Fulcher, MR and Tritz, A and Beauchamp, V and Wu, CA},
title = {Wavyleaf basketgrass (Oplismenus undulatifolius) invasion is associated with changes in soil microbial communities.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0089525},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00895-25},
pmid = {42053319},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Introduced invasive plants can alter the composition of resident soil microbial communities, which may disrupt ecosystem function and facilitate continued invasion success. Wavyleaf basketgrass (Oplismenus undulatifolius) is a high-risk, non-native invasive plant currently confined to the Mid-Atlantic United States but with the potential to colonize forest understory across the eastern United States. In this study, we characterized soil microbial communities from locations spanning the invaded range using amplicon sequencing to understand the impacts of wavyleaf basketgrass establishment on resident soil microbiomes. We compared the diversity and structure of microbial communities from invaded and uninvaded forest soils, as well from wavyleaf basketgrass rhizospheres. Invasion by wavyleaf basketgrass was associated with an increase in fungal diversity within sampling locations but a decrease in diversity across sampling locations. Changes in the relative abundance of specific sequence variants indicated a small number of resident microbes may be amplified in wavyleaf basketgrass rhizospheres. Finally, fungal alpha diversity was correlated with soil chemistry variables in uninvaded plots but not in invaded plots, and increased plant ground cover attributed to wavyleaf basketgrass invasion was positively correlated with fungal diversity. Together, these patterns suggest that wavyleaf basketgrass recruits diverse microbial associates from the environment, homogenizes soil microbiomes across invaded locations, and overrides existing environmental selection pressures exerted by soil chemistry profiles. Ongoing expansion of the species' invaded range may produce similar impacts in new environments.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Understanding whether and how microbial communities are altered by plant invasion provides important information about the impact of introduced species on natural resources, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity that influence subsequent land management and ecosystem restoration decisions. We document biotic homogenization of resident soil microbes across geographically disparate locations following a relatively recent plant invasion. We further provide evidence suggesting microbial community changes are linked to the enrichment of specific taxa from the invasive plant's rhizosphere and possible buffering of these communities against other environmental selective pressures.},
}
@article {pmid42057917,
year = {2026},
author = {Szentiványi, T and Bruszniczky, B and Biró, Z and Katona, K and Klein, &#xc1; and Bende, A and Bánáti, L and Vass, G and Lehotzky, P and Kovács, D and Földvári, G and Csivincsik, &#xc1; and Nagy, G and Nagy, RR and Miklós, M and Szabadi, KL and Szabó, &#xc9;S and Garamszegi, LZ},
title = {Unwelcome guests: Nematodes of zoonotic and animal health importance in native and invasive carnivores of Hungary.},
journal = {Current research in parasitology &amp; vector-borne diseases},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100380},
pmid = {42057917},
issn = {2667-114X},
abstract = {Wild carnivores are important reservoirs of parasitic nematodes, several of which have veterinary and zoonotic significance. In Europe, the role of invasive carnivores in parasite circulation remains poorly understood. Here, we screened 371 individuals of six wild carnivore species from Hungary (red foxes, badgers, golden jackals, raccoons, raccoon dogs, and beech martens), using molecular markers (cox1 and S12), and detected five nematode parasites: Dirofilaria immitis, Crenosoma vulpis, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Thelazia callipaeda, and Spirocerca lupi. The highest prevalence was observed in badgers (32.0%) and red foxes (15.7%), while invasive raccoons also showed a relatively high infection rate (13.2%). Dirofilaria immitis was one of the most common nematode species detected: it was found in four host species, including the first confirmed cases in Hungarian badgers and invasive raccoons, extending the known host range of this parasite in central Europe. Importantly, T. callipaeda was recorded in red foxes and an invasive raccoon dog, representing the first invasive host records of this zoonotic eyeworm in Hungary. Crenosoma vulpis was identified in raccoons, suggesting invasive species may act as incidental carriers of endemic parasites. Both C. vulpis and D. immitis showed low host specificity. These findings indicate that invasive carnivores, particularly raccoons, may harbour unexpectedly high prevalence and play a greater role in local parasite networks than previously assumed. Our results highlight the epidemiological significance of both native and invasive carnivores in sustaining nematodes of zoonotic and veterinary importance in central Europe, stressing the need for continued surveillance in wild carnivores.},
}
@article {pmid42058256,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramtin, M and Bahar, S and Saeid, H and Saloomeh, S},
title = {Investigating the Invasive Contamination of Lymnaeidae Snails with Trematodes According to Species and Sampling Location in Lorestan province, Iran, Middle East.},
journal = {Archives of Razi Institute},
volume = {80},
number = {4},
pages = {853-859},
pmid = {42058256},
issn = {2008-9872},
mesh = {Animals ; Iran ; *Snails/parasitology ; *Trematoda/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Lymnaea/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Radicine snails are of considerable medical and veterinary importance as termatode vectors. These snails are responsible for transmission of the zoonotic trematodes including Schistosoma turkestanicum and Fasciola gigantica in Iran. This study investigates Lymnaedae infestation by termatodes, considering the species and sampling locations. 1,700 snails were collected from the suburbs of Borujerd, Khorram Abad, and Dorud in Lorestan, Iran from April to August 2018. Round snails were separated, and Snail species were identified by measuring length, width, spire, and valve, using the shape of the radula as an identification key. To separate the radula, snails soft tissue was removed from the shell using forceps, then incubated in a 7% potassium solution for 24 hours at room temperature. The isolated radula was placed in a 15% acetic acid solution. It was then placed in Mallory's dye solution for 3 minutes and sunsequently washed with an oxalic acid solution. After dehydration with 96% ethanol, the samples were examined under a light microscope. To investigate trematode larvae in snails, 10% of the snail samples (a total of 170 Lymnaeidae snails) were selected and examined using the crushing method on a slide. The morphological results showed that in Dorud and Borujerd, the highest distribution of Lymnaea gedrosiana was 24.09% and 19.72%, while the lowest distribution of Bulinus truncatus was 4.72% and 4.48%, respectively. Lymnaea species were the most abundant in plain villages, whereas Bithynia and Physa were more commonly observed in mountain villages. In Khorram Abad, the highest distribution was related to Lymnaea truncatula (20.15%), while the lowest distribution was related to Lymnaea stagnalis (5.56%). The genera Bithynia and Physa showed a significant increase in mountainous villages of Khorram Abad compared to those in Borujerd and Dorud. The overall infectionrate of Lymneidae snails with termatodes was 32.94%, including 18.23% in Borujerd, 8.23% in Dorud, and 6.47% in Khorramabad. According to the chi-square test (p<0.05), a significant difference was observed in the rate of trematode infection in Lymneade snails. In this regard, the Borujerd region exhibited the highest rate of infection, whereas Khorram Abad showed the lowest.},
}
@article {pmid42061633,
year = {2026},
author = {Rosati, L and Chianese, T and Macirella, R and Brunelli, E and Locascio, A and Sirakov, M and Macina, A and Prisco, M and Landi, S and Pogrmic-Majkic, K and De Falco, M},
title = {The Invasive Algae Caulerpa racemosa Poses a Threat to Mussel Viability and Reproduction.},
journal = {Environmental toxicology and pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105030},
doi = {10.1016/j.etap.2026.105030},
pmid = {42061633},
issn = {1872-7077},
abstract = {The invasive Chlorophyta Caulerpa racemosa raises ecological problems in the Mediterranean Sea both in terms of native algal diversity and toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this paper, we determined the effects of Caulerpa on a sessile, filter-feeding animal, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. By using different histological approaches, we investigated the response of mussel tissues to increasing amounts of Caulerpa. The recorded data showed a multisystem discomfort of M. galloprovincialis to C. racemosa, with structural alterations in the gills, digestive gland, and mantle. Alterations in tissue organization, such as altered thickness of the gill epithelium, appearance of lipofuscin granules in the gills, cellular disorganization of the digestive glands, and hypertrophy of mantle cells are all morphological aspects potentially attributable to the oxidative stress caused by C. racemosa. This mechanism could also underline the most worrisome damage recorded in Caulerpa-exposed specimens, i.e., degeneration of oocytes and altered differentiation of sperm cells with severe gonadal disorganization; these alterations over time could pose a major risk to the survival of adult mussels by also affecting their reproductive fitness, with potential consequences for the continuation of the species.},
}
@article {pmid42061641,
year = {2026},
author = {Gibson, JD},
title = {The Social and Behavioral Underpinnings of Ant Invasiveness: A Review of Recent Advances.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101531},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2026.101531},
pmid = {42061641},
issn = {2214-5753},
abstract = {Non-native ants represent significant invasive species, impacting both natural ecosystems and human systems globally and their success is often attributed to a flexible suite of social and behavioral traits. This review highlights recent literature studying these traits as they relate to invasive ant species. A major factor in ant invasiveness is their colony structure, with many highly invasive ants having a supercolonial structure with no clear colony boundaries across vast territories. Other major attributes of invasive ants are a strong association with humans, an ability to thrive in urban environments, and varied and flexible foraging behaviors. Taken together, these studies underscore the diversity of behavioral and colony characteristics of invasive ants that lead to their many impacts in their invasive range.},
}
@article {pmid42062360,
year = {2026},
author = {Mahmoud, MR and Garcia, LA and Abd Elhamid, A and Aboelkhear, M},
title = {Environmental coherence framework for multi-sensor remote sensing: water hyacinth assessment in Lake Tana.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42062360},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Invasive water hyacinth threatens Lake Tana, Ethiopia-the source of the Blue Nile. This study presents the first comprehensive 11-year (2013-2024) remote sensing assessment of the water hyacinth invasion dynamics. It introduces a novel environmental coherence framework-grounded in established indirect validation paradigms-to evaluate 11 multisensor algorithms (using Landsat 8/9, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 data) against hydro-meteorological drivers, providing an ecologically grounded validation alternative when systematic field surveys are impractical. This environmental coherence framework identified Sentinel-2 NDVI and NDVI + FAI as the best indicators, achieving the highest relative environmental coherence scores among the 11 indicators tested. The time series generated by this framework follows a complex 'boom-bust' invasion cycle, with a peak phase (2018-2019), a subsequent decline, and a recent resurgence. Our findings establish a replicable, Google Earth Engine based workflow for monitoring aquatic invasions in data-scarce tropical regions and provide critical, data-driven insights for targeted environmental management.},
}
@article {pmid41513944,
year = {2026},
author = {Manda, RR and Raghoedat Panday, R and Pozzebon, A and Rostás, M and Wäckers, FL and Messelink, GJ},
title = {Cryptic species Chrysoperla lucasina and C. carnea differ in predation of early Nezara viridula instars.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {4474},
pmid = {41513944},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {LWV24023//The Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security, and Nature and the Top Sector Horticulture &amp; Starting Materials/ ; },
mesh = {*Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Heteroptera/growth &amp; development/parasitology ; Nymph/parasitology ; Larva/physiology ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Horticulture/methods ; Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Neoptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; },
abstract = {Invasive pests increasingly threaten the stability of integrated pest management programs in greenhouse cropping systems, where biological control strategies are typically tailored to established pest complexes. Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has emerged as a major pest in European greenhouses, where current biocontrol programs are poorly equipped to suppress it. Eight commercially available generalist arthropod predators commonly used in greenhouse solanaceous crops in Europe were assessed for their ability to suppress N. viridula. Their impact on its eggs and early nymphal instars was assessed through standardized laboratory assays, as well as greenhouse cage trials using fruit-bearing sweet pepper plants. Predation was observed mainly among larvae of Chrysoperla species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), with C. lucasina consistently outperforming C. carnea. Notably, C. lucasina was the only predator to attack N. viridula eggs, albeit at low levels. Against nymphal instars, third-instar C. lucasina larvae exhibited the highest predation, while second-instar C. lucasina often outperformed second-instar C. carnea and sometimes even matched the efficacy of third-instar C. carnea. All other predators showed little or no predation. In greenhouse cage trials, third-instar C. lucasina significantly reduced the survival of both first- and second-instar N. viridula nymphs under the structurally complex on-plant conditions. Across all assays, first-instar N. viridula nymphs were generally more vulnerable to predation than second-instar nymphs. These results identify C. lucasina as a promising candidate for augmentative biological control of N. viridula, warranting further evaluation under longer exposure periods, mixed-prey environments, and in combination with other biocontrol agents, such as egg parasitoids. Importantly, this study highlights how cryptic species within commercially used predators can differ markedly in efficacy, an underrecognized aspect of functional diversity in biological control.},
}
@article {pmid41921339,
year = {2026},
author = {Preiss, I and Raanan, G and Zilberman, S and Fadida, Y and Lapidot, Z and Berman-Frank, I and Rilov, G},
title = {Thermal risks and opportunities for a tropical invasive sea urchin in a fast-warming sea.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {218},
number = {},
pages = {108021},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108021},
pmid = {41921339},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Urchins/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Mediterranean Sea ; Temperature ; *Global Warming ; *Climate Change ; Tropical Climate ; Ecosystem ; Reproduction ; },
abstract = {Ocean warming and bioinvasions act together in many ocean regions to rapidly tropicalize temperate and subtropical marine ecosystems. Tropicalization reshuffles natural communities where tropical species invade and establish in new regions. But will some rapidly warming regions eventually become too warm for some tropical invaders? One place to test this is the southeastern Mediterranean, a global bioinvasion and warming hotspot. This study focuses on the non-indigenous sea urchin Diadema setosum, a recent fast-spreading Mediterranean invader, the Indo Pacific-Red Sea urchin. This research aims to address the present, and future fate of this invasion at the southeastern Mediterranean reef ecosystems given ocean warming, by defining the viable, optimal and lethal temperatures for the Mediterranean D. setosum populations. Specifically, the thermal performance of D. setosum was examined, focusing on metabolic, reproduction, and food assimilation rates as performance proxies. Results show an optimal seawater temperature range of 27-28 °C for metabolic rates, 20-24 °C for gonads growth and maturation as well as food assimilation, while mortality occurred at 36 °C. These results indicate that the urchin can survive even future warming above current peak summer temperatures of 32 °C but will enter the stressful thermal range with further seawater temperature elevation. The species might already physiologically underperform under current summer temperatures in the region, which might affect its population viability. However, warming might increase the probability of spreading to new colder regions. Thus, we expect that the invader will eventually occupy most Mediterranean regions, but fitness might be eroded in the warmest part, the SE Levantine basin.},
}
@article {pmid42046097,
year = {2026},
author = {Hintz, WD and Barrett, H and Relyea, RA},
title = {Invasive goldfish trigger a regime shift in experimental lake ecosystems of varying trophic state.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70259},
pmid = {42046097},
issn = {1365-2656},
abstract = {The ongoing pressure of biological invasions caused by the pet trade continues to restructure the earth's ecosystems. The release of pets and ornamentals has altered species interactions, ecosystem functions, spread disease and rewired food webs. We assessed the effects of a high-risk, yet understudied invasive species-that is, goldfish, Carassius auratus-on experimental freshwater ecosystems by integrating additive and substitutive experimental designs across two trophic states (i.e. oligotrophic vs. eutrophic). We hypothesized that goldfish would trigger a regime shift characteristic of more algae, reduced water quality and negative impacts on native species across multiple trophic levels. Under eutrophic conditions, goldfish induced a rapid shift in mesocosm state characterized by increased suspended solids and reduced water clarity; however, increases in phytoplankton and reductions in filamentous algae were largely driven by total fish density (native or invasive), consistent with strong niche overlap between the two species. Through consumption and habitat loss, goldfish caused reductions in snails, amphipods and zooplankton. Goldfish also reduced native fish condition, likely through exploitative competition. Our results indicate that goldfish are undesirable for both oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes, although some impacts will depend on trophic state. These results suggest that natural resource managers worldwide should consider management action to reduce or prevent goldfish invasions. Despite many viewing goldfish as signs of prosperity, luck and wealth, it is critically important to inform the public that their pets can grow into sizable pests that will harm freshwater ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41296183,
year = {2026},
author = {Arnold, C},
title = {From invasive to opportunity: Indigenous insights in balance, soil health and weed management.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {55},
number = {6},
pages = {1372-1384},
pmid = {41296183},
issn = {1654-7209},
mesh = {*Soil ; *Weed Control/methods ; *Plant Weeds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Australia ; *Introduced Species ; Humans ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {This paper examines the concept of balance within Indigenous knowledge systems and its role in weed management and ecological restoration. Aboriginal cultural knowledge holders and weed managers view balance as reciprocal with spiritual, ecological, and social dimensions, offering a holistic framework for caring for Country. This challenges colonial weed management approaches that often disregard the roles of plants and soil. The study examines how Indigenous knowledge reframes weed management to enhance ecological balance. Using qualitative Indigenous methods, such as yarning and observing Country, the research highlights the ecological roles of weeds like scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium) and lantana (Lantana camara), which affect soil health and biodiversity in south-east Australia. Findings reveal that weeds, reframed as "opportunity plants," indicate environmental imbalances and act as potential balancing agents. This work underscores the value of weaving Indigenous cultural knowledge with western science to nurture collaborative, ecologically sound weed management.},
}
@article {pmid41832236,
year = {2026},
author = {Morgado, DS and Costa, GL and Costa-Neto, SF and de Souza, IV and Moratelli, R and Oliveira, MME},
title = {Polyphasic identification (MALDI-TOF + ITS) of mucosal yeasts in hybrid marmosets from Rio de Janeiro.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41832236},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Finance Code 001//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; },
abstract = {Callithrix comprises primates popularly known as marmosets. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, the occurrence of a hybrid form of invasive species prevails. These animals, treated here as Callithrix spp., host several microorganisms in their microbiota, some of which can be pathogenic for humans. The aim of this study to describe culture-dependent yeast microbiota of the oral, rectal, and vaginal mucosae of hybrid marmosets (Callithrix spp.) inhabiting an urban–forest interface in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro. Oral, rectal and vaginal samples were collected from 12 individuals during the winter of 2022. Animals were apparently healthy. The microbial agents obtained by culture isolation were identified to species level by polyphasic taxonomy using the MALDI-TOF MS and partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2) of ribosomal. A total of 26 fungal isolates were obtained. The most isolated species in the study was Candida parapsilosis, and the least frequent yeast were of genus Pichia sp., Trichosporon sp., and Torulaspora sp. Fungal infections in wild animals, depending on the causal agent, can be extremely pathogenic and contagious not only among animals, but also among humans, therefore fungal identification in these animals is important for future perspective.},
}
@article {pmid42042456,
year = {2026},
author = {Dye-Braumuller, KC and Gual-Gonzalez, L and Owens Pickle, E and Lee, C and Meyer-Torelli, MM and Evans, CL and Chandler, JG and Trout Fryxell, RT and Nolan, MS},
title = {Filling the Gap: Establishing a Statewide Tick and Tick-Borne Pathogen Surveillance Program.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42042456},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Individuals in the southeastern United States of America (USA) have an increasing risk of contracting a tick-borne disease. Land use changes, changing climate, and redistribution of both ticks and their hosts make systematic tick and tick-borne pathogen investigation crucial for public health protection. Prior to 2020, South Carolina had limited data on tick species distribution and tick infection rates. In this work, we describe establishment of a sustainable tick and tick-borne pathogen collaborative network for South Carolina. A major determinant of program success was sharing work effort between the University of South Carolina, the South Carolina Department of Public Health, and key partners including state park employees, local veterinarians, students, and volunteers. The program collected questing ticks from public lands and host-attached ticks from animal shelters. Amblyomma americanum was the most commonly collected tick, with highest density in South Carolina's southern coastal region. A greater tick species diversity was seen in animal shelter collected versus questing ticks. Pathogen testing results yielded a high presence of Rickettsia amblyommatis among Am. americanum ticks with several other Rickettsia spp. detected including Rickettsia parkeri, Candidatus R. andeanae, R. montanensis, and R. asembonensis. Additional Rickettsiales detected included multiple Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species, with higher presence in the state's northern region. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was detected in one questing Ixodes keiransi from the southern coastal region. The current report presents the initial steps for pathogen and tick species surveillance in South Carolina, providing successes and pitfalls as a model for other states and regions to establish similar efforts to improve national tick surveillance.},
}
@article {pmid42033636,
year = {2026},
author = {Feist, L and Erickson, SE and Jacob, N and Ameli, I and Malecha, C and Badger, J and Smanski, MJ},
title = {Identifying Target Genes for Engineered Genetic Incompatibility in Fish.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {42033636},
issn = {1436-2236},
support = {T32GM140936/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Genetic biocontrol approaches promise to complement existing physical and chemical methods as part of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for the control of aquatic invasive species (AIS). Engineered Genetic Incompatibility (EGI) is a strategy for producing organisms that are reproductively isolated from wild conspecifics and could be used as non-persistent genetic biocontrol agents. Previously successfully demonstrated in yeast and insects, here we report early-stage research and development results towards translating this approach from insects into fish. Using Danio rerio (zebrafish) as a model system, we report the identification of target genes and sequence-programmable transcriptional activators (PTAs) that are suitable for EGI development in fish and evaluate their performance in vivo, in a model organism. We also describe several challenges faced when integrating the component parts into a complete system capable of displaying complete genetic incompatibility with wild-type conspecifics. Lastly, we discuss the steps needed to translate EGI from a model fish species to a target invasive species such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio).<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10126-026-10617-2.},
}
@article {pmid42034409,
year = {2026},
author = {D S, Y and Saw, G and Jeer, M and Jandrajupalli, S and Sharma, P and Agrawal, PK and Rai, PK},
title = {Silicon and nano‑silicon mediated sustainable management of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A comprehensive review.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {220},
number = {},
pages = {107088},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.107088},
pmid = {42034409},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Silicon/pharmacology ; *Spodoptera/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; Larva/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Insect Control/methods ; Silicon Dioxide ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), an invasive lepidopteran pest of global significance, poses severe threats to maize production through rapid reproduction, wide host range, and remarkable adaptability to environmental fluctuations. Conventional chemical control remains the dominant management approach but is increasingly constrained by resistance development, ecological harm, and human health risks. This review synthesizes current advances in the use of silicon (Si) and nano silicon (SiNPs) as sustainable alternatives for suppressing S. frugiperda populations. We critically evaluate diverse Si sources, application methods, and nanoscale formulations including SiO2 nanoparticles, mesoporous silica carriers, and functionalized nanomaterials highlighting their comparative efficacy. Silicon-mediated suppression of FAW encompasses direct and indirect mechanisms: reduced larval survival, impaired growth, prolonged development, diminished fecundity, and substantial declines in demographic parameters (r, λ, R0). Mechanistic insights demonstrate that Si fortifies plants physically via silica deposition and structurally abrasive tissues, while also triggering biochemical and molecular defenses through enhanced antioxidant activity, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and modulation of pest digestive, metabolic, and detoxification enzymes. Transcriptomic evidence further reveals large-scale perturbations in metabolic and hormonal pathways within FAW larvae, with SiNPs eliciting more extensive gene expression changes than conventional soluble silicates. Si also enhances tri-trophic interactions by priming herbivore-induced plant volatiles, notably neryl acetate, thereby improving the recruitment of key natural enemies. Field studies confirm substantial reductions in infestation, improved plant vigor, higher yields, and favourable cost-benefit ratios. Collectively, the evidence establishes silicon particularly in nano-engineered forms as a promising, eco-efficient component of future integrated pest management frameworks for S. frugiperda.},
}
@article {pmid42037490,
year = {2026},
author = {Rocha, BS and Arranz, I and Giacomini, HC and Perkins, DM and Salvador, GN and Novaes, JLC and Sánchez-Botero, JI and Agostinho, AA and Pompeu, PS and Menezes, RF and Lustosa-Costa, SY and Ramos, TPA and Attayde, JL and da Costa Goldbaum, RS and Argillier, C and Gurgel-Lourenço, RC and Pinto, LM and Pessali, TC and Rodríguez-Pérez, MJ and Saito, VS},
title = {Invasive Fishes Interact With Temperature to Reshape Community Size Structure Across Climatic Zones.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {e70884},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70884},
pmid = {42037490},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Temperature ; *Introduced Species ; *Body Size ; Biomass ; Food Chain ; Ecosystem ; Climate ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {The body size spectrum (or individual size distribution) is a simple yet widely recognized approach that links individual and population traits to community structure and ecosystem functions, making it a valuable indicator of anthropogenic effects. However, the assessment of size spectra in the context of biological invasions remains poorly explored. We investigated the impacts of non-native (NN) fish invasions on the size structure of 667 lacustrine fish communities across climatic regions (temperate, tropical, and subtropical systems) and the roles of trophic position and temperature in modulating these effects. We found that fish communities under higher invasion pressure exhibit flatter, or less negative, size spectrum exponents. Also, NN species from lower trophic levels can have greater impacts than piscivorous NNs by reshaping size spectra and reducing the overall biomass of native communities. We also observed that piscivore NNs and NNs from lower trophic levels interacted positively with temperature to drive the size spectrum exponent and total biomass of the native communities, respectively. These results can be explained by two main mechanisms: (i) NN piscivores primarily act through size-selective predation (top-down control), which may be intensified particularly on small prey in warmer lakes, and (ii) NN fish from lower trophic levels primarily act through competition, hence reducing the numerical abundance of small-sized native fish, which may be more vulnerable in colder and less productive lakes. These mechanisms are leading to flatter size spectrum exponents mainly at higher temperatures and to a decline in the total biomass of the native community, mainly at lower temperatures, effectively reversing the expected temperature-size rule pattern. By disentangling the trophic and temperature-dependent mechanisms through which NN fishes affect size structure, this study strengthens our ability to anticipate the impact of biological invasions on freshwater communities and their ecosystem functions and services under global change.},
}
@article {pmid42037652,
year = {2026},
author = {Westby, KM and Tayon, L and Orlinick, B and Smith, A and Medley, KA},
title = {Interpopulation Variation in Egg Mortality in Response to Hot and Dry Conditions in North American Populations of the Invasive Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73557},
pmid = {42037652},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {How wild organisms are responding to climate change is one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century. As ectotherms, insects are particularly vulnerable to increases in temperature and extreme weather events because their fitness and survival are directly linked to abiotic conditions. For holometabolous insects with a wide geographic range, it is important to quantify upper thermal and lower hydric limits for multiple populations and life stages that differ in habitat usage and mobility. Population differences in egg survival are understudied despite the importance this life stage plays in population dynamics. As a sessile life stage, eggs likely experience strong selection pressures in response to extreme heat and drought. In this paper, we tested for population and phenotypic differences in egg survival for multiple USA populations of the invasive mosquito vector, Aedes albopictus . We found evidence of interpopulation differences in egg survival in response to high temperature and low humidity as well as plasticity in survival depending on experimental conditions. Some populations consistently had low survivorship across experiments. We found that field-collected eggs have low survivorship under field conditions, suggesting that egg survivorship may be low in nature. Finally, we showed that eggs experiencing high temperatures produced larvae that were unable to develop to the fourth instar during a simulated heatwave. Combined, our results reveal phenotypic plasticity and suggest a heritable component to thermal and hydric tolerance in this globally invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid42039107,
year = {2026},
author = {Gaudet, A and Jernigan, A},
title = {Evaluating the environmental preferences and spread of the invasive Asian Jumping Worm (Amynthas spp.) in southwestern Virginia.},
journal = {microPublication biology},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42039107},
issn = {2578-9430},
abstract = {Asian Jumping Worms (AJW) are an invasive species in North America that can negatively impact soil habitats. This study investigated AJW environmental preferences, movement over time, and overwintering ability in Virginia, USA. Worms were sampled on four dates, two in fall 2024 and two in spring 2025, in four areas with different environmental conditions: (1) well-drained, shady (2) well-drained, mid-day sun (3) moist, shady (4) well-drained, early sun. Results indicate AJW may have delayed invasions in mulched landscapes and a preference for well-drained soil. These findings increase our understanding of AJW environmental patterns, which may help stop their spread.},
}
@article {pmid42039821,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, X and Wang, Z and Mao, S and Fu, B and Ma, D and Han, J},
title = {Laboratory screening and field validation of Myxococcus fulvus and Cystobacter fuscus for the biocontrol of wheat Fusarium Crown Rot.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1804789},
pmid = {42039821},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Fusarium Crown Rot (FCR), primarily caused by Fusarium species, is a significant soil-borne disease that severely threatens global wheat production and food security. To identify myxobacterial resources with biocontrol potential against FCR, we screened 81 myxobacterial strains using dual-culture assays and evaluated their efficacy through greenhouse and field experiments. Three strains-HM-E, KT23, and KE15-were identified for their potent broad-spectrum activity against the dominant pathogens F. pseudograminearum, F. graminearum, and F. culmorum, achieving mycelial inhibition rates ranging from 82.01 to 94.84%. Their cell-free filtrates significantly inhibited hyphal growth while inducing spore lysis and suppressing germination. These strains employed a range of inhibitory mechanisms complementary to their conventional predatory activity. Greenhouse trials demonstrated that both fermentation broths and solid agents provided control efficacies of 52.94-88.24% against single and complex infections, consistently outperforming the chemical fungicide Tebuconazole (40.75-59.15%). Furthermore, myxobacterial treatments significantly promoted wheat growth, as evidenced by increased plant height, primary root length, and fresh weight. In field trials, the biocontrol efficacy reached 61.60-74.67% at the flowering stage and 57.95-71.53% at the grain-filling stage. Compared to the pathogen-only control (5,860.00 kg/ha), myxobacterial treatments increased grain yield by 13.71-27.82%. Based on morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses, strains KT23 and KE15 were identified as Myxococcus fulvus, while HM-E was identified as Cystobacter fuscus. This study identifies C. fuscus HM-E and M. fulvus KT23 and KE15 as robust biocontrol resources with dual functions in disease suppression and growth promotion, providing a novel technical framework and microbial candidates for the sustainable management of wheat Fusarium Crown Rot.},
}
@article {pmid42040841,
year = {2026},
author = {Ning, W and Kayal, E and Wendel, JF and Hsu, CY and Magbanua, ZV and Pechanova, O and Yorkston, M and Morden, CW and Keir, MJ and VanDeMark, JR and Heintzman, S and Deans, S and Peterson, DG and Arick, MA and Grover, CE},
title = {Population Genomics Informs Conservation Strategies for Critically Endangered Kokia Species in Hawai'i.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e73104},
pmid = {42040841},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Island endemic species are particularly vulnerable to extinction due to their limited geographic ranges and small population sizes. Kokia is a genus found exclusively in the Hawaiian Islands, whose species were once major components of local forests but have experienced significant population reductions due to habitat destruction and the consequences of invasive species. Although conservation of Kokia species has been an ongoing topic for over a century, records regarding historical efforts are sparse. Recently generated genomes for each of the three extant species provide the foundation for understanding genetic diversity and population structure for future conservation work. Whole genome resequencing of K. cookei (n = 23 samples), K. drynarioides (n = 92), and K. kauaiensis (n = 45) suggests that K. drynarioides has the lowest overall (nucleotide) diversity, reflecting propagation from a limited part of the remaining gene pool, whereas K. kauaiensis exhibits the most diversity. Diversity in the primarily graft-propagated K. cookei is higher than expected and slightly higher than in the free-living K. drynarioides. Notably, our analyses identified a source of novel variation in K. cookei in a cultivated plant historically labeled K. drynarioides. Population structure analyses reveal a single population for K. cookei, but three groups for each of the other two species. Importantly, our analyses identify clusters of related individuals, reflected in genetic distance and clustering metrics, which provide valuable information for increasing diversity in managed populations and in ex situ conservation collections. These results provide a genomic framework for ongoing efforts in restoring and maintaining diversity in these critically endangered Hawaiian species.},
}
@article {pmid42040854,
year = {2026},
author = {Kietzka, GJ and Pryke, JS and Gaigher, R and Samways, MJ and Hui, C},
title = {Evaluating Conservation Corridor Success for Rare and Common Dragonflies Using Zeta Diversity.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e73251},
pmid = {42040854},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Conservation corridors connect natural areas, aiming to mitigate the effects of land transformation. However, their influence on biodiversity, particularly species turnover, remains poorly understood. This study evaluates the impact of conservation corridors on riverine ecosystems and their associated dragonfly assemblages. We assessed species richness and applied the zeta diversity framework to evaluate species turnover across multiple sites, thereby providing insights into how these corridors influence dragonfly community composition relative to natural areas. The research was conducted in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands of South Africa, covering 104 freshwater sites within natural grasslands and timber plantation corridors. At each site, a 100 m transect adjacent to a river was sampled twice, focusing on recording adult male dragonflies and six environmental variables. Drivers of species richness were analysed using generalised additive models and generalised linear models. Multi-site generalised dissimilarity models were run to examine changes in zeta diversity along environmental gradients and to partition the contributions of different factors to compositional turnover. A total of 37 species were recorded, with one species exclusive to natural areas and four unique to corridors. Dragonfly assemblages were influenced more by stochastic processes than by environmental gradients. Although factors such as site distance, differences in water temperature, dissolved oxygen, shade and rock cover affected turnover, they explained little variation in both rare and common species. Species richness was higher in corridors and consistently declined with increasing shade cover. Neither the presence of corridors nor invasive alien vegetation influenced species turnover, indicating that corridors function similarly to natural habitats. This study demonstrates the crucial role of conservation corridors in preserving dragonfly diversity in altered landscapes. Our findings support continued investment in corridor implementation and management for biodiversity conservation and demonstrate the utility of the zeta diversity framework for understanding species turnover dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid42041919,
year = {2026},
author = {Kopij, G},
title = {Herping the African Continent: Alien Amphibians and Reptiles in Sub-Saharan Africa.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15080639},
pmid = {42041919},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Introduction of species represents today one of the most important problems of nature conservation. Special attention is paid to alien vascular plants and vertebrates. In the Afrotropical Region (sub-Saharan Africa), however, there is a lack of comprehensive review of alien amphibians and reptiles. The presented paper constitutes an attempt to overview the status, distribution and threats posed by introduced herp species to sub-Saharan Africa since the second half of the 18th century. This review includes 21 amphibian (including 10 established) and 57 reptile (including 33 established) species introduced to sub-Saharan Africa. Most species introduced to sub-Saharan Africa which subsequently developed viable populations originated from the Malagasy (32%), Afrotropical (30%), and Oriental (27%) Regions. Most introductions were made in the last two decades, mostly as results of an increase in international trade and herp pet industry, especially in South Africa. Stowaway and pet trade are the most common pathways of introductions. Several factors determine the successful establishment of introduced alien herp species in sub-Saharan Africa, viz. behavioral and morphological traits, propagule pressure, climate and habitat overlap, and presence of potentially competing species. The impact of alien herps in sub-Saharan Africa on the local biodiversity is not well investigated. In comparison with other continents the number of introduced and established herp species in sub-Saharan Africa is relatively low. The Malagasy Region has the highest number of introduced herp species in sub-Saharan Africa.},
}
@article {pmid42042210,
year = {2026},
author = {Angou, A and Didos, S and Tsotsouli, K and Boziaris, IS and Argiriou, A},
title = {Freeze-Drying Blue Crab Roe, Sea Urchin, and Beluga Caviar: Impact on Nutritional, Biochemical, and Sensory Properties.},
journal = {Marine drugs},
volume = {24},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/md24040135},
pmid = {42042210},
issn = {1660-3397},
support = {2024NA11900001//General Secretariat for Research and Technology/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Freeze Drying/methods ; Antioxidants/chemistry/analysis ; *Sea Urchins/chemistry ; *Brachyura/chemistry ; *Paracentrotus/chemistry ; *Flavoring Agents/chemistry ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/chemistry ; Nutritive Value ; Humans ; Taste ; Powders/chemistry ; Lipid Peroxidation ; },
abstract = {The growing demand for clean-label food ingredients drives interest in novel marine flavorings. This study evaluated the physicochemical, antioxidant, volatile (GC-MS), and sensory profiles of freeze-dried powders from blue crab roe (Callinectes sapidus), sea urchin roe (Paracentrotus lividus), and beluga caviar (Huso huso) to assess their culinary potential. Results revealed that sensory quality is governed by the synergy between a matrix's lipid composition and endogenous antioxidant capacity. Sea urchin powder, possessing a low polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile and high carotenoid content, exhibited exceptional oxidative stability, yielding a concentrated marine aldehyde signature and top consumer scores. Blue crab roe demonstrated a robust PUFA matrix buffered by high phenolic content, facilitating controlled lipid peroxidation into desirable savory volatiles (ketones and aldehydes). Conversely, the high-fat, monounsaturated-dominant beluga caviar lacked sufficient antioxidants, leading to lipid degradation, oxidized hydrocarbons, earthy off-flavors, and poor texture. Both crab and caviar powders exhibited favorable Atherosclerosis and Thrombogenicity indices. Ultimately, balancing lipid composition and endogenous antioxidants is crucial for flavor stability, highlighting the commercial and environmental potential of transforming underutilized or invasive species like blue crab into stable, nutrient-dense marine flavoring agents.},
}
@article {pmid42042400,
year = {2026},
author = {Yadav, N and Tan, P and Ahmed, MZ},
title = {First Evaluation of Insecticide Efficacy Against the Invasive Two-Spot Cotton Leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]) on Ornamental Hibiscus in the United States.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17040358},
pmid = {42042400},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The two-spot cotton leafhopper (TSCL), Amrasca biguttula (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is an emerging invasive pest in the southeastern United States. Although TSCL has historically been associated with cotton and vegetable crops, recent detections on ornamental hibiscus have raised regulatory concern, including "Stop Sale and Hold" orders and an emergency quarantine in Texas. Despite increasing pressure on hibiscus, no insecticide efficacy data exist for ornamental systems. We evaluated the acute (0-24 h) and residual (24-96 h) toxicity of bifenthrin, flupyradifurone, and tolfenpyrad against adult and immature TSCL using a sequential-cohort leaf-disc bioassay. New insects were introduced at 24 h and 72 h to isolate residue-based mortality from prolonged exposure effects. Bifenthrin caused the highest acute mortality at 24 h, whereas flupyradifurone and tolfenpyrad exhibited slower initial activity but strong residual performance. Immatures were more susceptible than adults across all doses. By 72 h, all three insecticides produced near-complete mortality, with significant treatment and dose effects confirmed by ANOVA and binomial GLM analyses. Dose-response curves showed steep concentration-dependent mortality for bifenthrin and tolfenpyrad and a time-dependent response for flupyradifurone. These results provide the first insecticide efficacy data for TSCL on ornamental hibiscus and offer immediate guidance for nursery producers and regulatory agencies. The findings establish a foundation for whole-plant and greenhouse evaluations to support integrated management and interstate plant-movement compliance.},
}
@article {pmid42042418,
year = {2026},
author = {Jones, IM and Smith, SM and Bourchier, RS},
title = {The Phenology of Aphalara itadori in Canada: Timing of Spring Activity and the Onset of Oviposition.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17040376},
pmid = {42042418},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {J-001762, J-002201//Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/ ; 500232//Invasive Species Centre Canada/ ; 00//Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry/ ; 00//Mitacs Elevate Fellowship Program/ ; 00//Ducks Unlimited Canada/ ; },
abstract = {The timing of spring activity and oviposition in the knotweed psyllid, Aphalara itadori Shinji (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), will affect the number of generations that this biological control agent can complete across its introduced range and its impact on invasive knotweed. We conducted a controlled overwintering experiment in Ontario, Canada, to observe patterns of A. itadori activity and oviposition in spring and to explore sources of spring mortality. Aphalara itadori were observed to be active in very early spring, with the first observation of a psyllid on a sentinel leaf occurring on 23 March 2021. The first viable eggs were laid between 18 and 20 April 2021, when mean maximum daily temperatures were ~14 °C and day length was 13.36 h. Psyllid activity/survival throughout the spring was not affected positively or negatively by access to foliage. Our results suggest that, in Canada, the timing of the first spring generations of A. itadori will likely be dictated by the phenology of the host plant rather than the biology of the insect. The results also suggest that spring mortality in A. itadori, from starvation or abiotic factors, is low even when knotweed emergence is late.},
}
@article {pmid42042420,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, M and Song, Y and Hong, J and Liang, M and Liang, Y and Lu, Y},
title = {Habitat-Specific Spatiotemporal Patterns of Red Imported Fire Ants in Guangzhou: A Core City of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17040378},
pmid = {42042420},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2022B1111030002//Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province/ ; 2021YFD1000500//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2023YFN0030//the Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology in Sichuan Province/ ; 2025B04J0001//he Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou/ ; 2023TX07A017//Guangdong Special Support Program-Leading Talents in Science and Technology Innovation/ ; 202405AF140082//the Science and Technology Talent and Platform Project of Yunnan (Academician and Expert Workstation)/ ; },
abstract = {Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics and underlying drivers of invasive species is crucial for moving beyond descriptive monitoring to predictive management. The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, RIFA) continues to spread globally, yet studies often lack the seasonal and cross-habitat resolution needed to explain the puzzling heterogeneity of infestations within urban landscapes-such as the stark contrast between high-density agricultural zones and low-density urban green spaces. To address this gap, we conducted a four-season, city-wide survey of 129 sites across four dominant habitat types (farmlands, fishponds, orchards, and urban green spaces) in Guangzhou, a core city of the GBA. Using inverse distance weighting interpolation, kernel density estimation, and spatial autocorrelation, we sought to examine not only the spatial patterns of RIFA distribution but also its potential contributing factors. Our analysis points to three key observations. First, the occurrence level of RIFA appears to follow a significant gradient (farmlands > fishponds > orchards > urban green spaces), suggesting that idle agricultural lands may serve as core reservoirs. Second, we observed a pronounced seasonal bimodal pattern, with peak infestation indices in spring and autumn-a dynamic that seems closely associated with agricultural disturbance cycles. Third, spatial analysis (Global Moran's I = 0.346, p < 0.001) revealed significant clustering, with "high-high" clusters concentrated in peripheral suburban districts. Notably, abandoned or idle farmlands emerged as a potentially important factor, possibly acting as dispersal hubs that help bridge these spatial and temporal peaks and offering one explanation for how local outbreaks may spread across the landscape. Collectively, these findings suggest that RIFA distribution may not be driven solely by static habitat suitability or climate; instead, they point to the importance of considering the dynamic interplay between land-use legacies (such as abandonment), seasonal agricultural practices, and spatial connectivity. By elucidating these drivers, this study refines the theoretical framework of urban invasion biology and provides a replicable, evidence-based control paradigm. We suggest implementing a "zoned, seasonal, and pathway-specific" management strategy that prioritizes suburban farmland complexes during critical seasons and targets abandoned lands for intervention, offering a path towards more sustainable and precise regional RIFA control in the GBA and beyond.},
}
@article {pmid42042449,
year = {2026},
author = {Presuhn, AWM and Ernst, UR},
title = {Activated Charcoal: A Highly Potent Legal Alternative for Vespa velutina Nest Destruction.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17040407},
pmid = {42042449},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The invasive yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax has spread across Europe following its accidental introduction into France in 2004. This species adversely affects biodiversity, apiculture, pomiculture and viticulture, and human health. Current management relies predominantly on nest destruction; however, manual removal is often logistically challenging and costly because nests are typically located high in trees (up to 30 m), frequently necessitating vehicle-mounted lifts. Ground-based application of biocides using long injection lances is comparatively rapid and inexpensive, but in many countries, insecticides are not permitted because the products are not specifically authorized for hornet control. Consequently, alternative approaches are needed. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of activated charcoal for nest destruction in V. v. nigrithorax. We injected 145 nests with 50-100 g of activated charcoal and subsequently destroyed the nests. One week later, we assessed worker survival and the establishment of new nests. Emergency nest construction by surviving workers was observed in three of 145 cases (2.1%). This rate was comparable to that observed following insecticide treatment (two of 136 cases; 1.5%). Activated charcoal therefore appears to be similarly effective to insecticide-based control while offering advantages in terms of environmental compatibility, user safety, ease of handling, and legal applicability in Europe. Activated charcoal may represent a practical alternative to manual nest removal and unauthorized insecticide use.},
}
@article {pmid42032836,
year = {2026},
author = {Quitián, M and Planas-Sitjà, I and Morooka, M and Traveset, A and Tierney, SM and Cronin, AL},
title = {Coinvasional disruptions to island pollinator networks.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70304},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70304},
pmid = {42032836},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {JSPS Kakenhi #20F20379//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; NGS-KOR-63712R-19//National Geographic Society/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions can adversely affect pollinator diversity by threatening the maintenance of animal-pollinated plant communities. Although most studies have examined single invasive species, accelerating species introductions driven by global trade highlight the need to understand how multiple co-occurring invaders jointly influence pollination networks. We leveraged the relative simplicity of the Ogasawara archipelago to assess the combined impacts of multiple invaders on pollination networks. We surveyed floral and pollinator communities and quantified plant-pollinator interactions across four islands with varying degrees of invasion. We characterized invasion degree based on the abundance of three invasive taxa: green anoles (Anolis carolinensis), a predator; western honey bees (Apis mellifera), a floral competitor; and several flowering plants. Structural equation models were used to quantify direct and indirect effects of these invaders on effective plant-pollinator partners (niche breadth or variety of partners a species interacts with in a given community) and the degree of specialization (d', niche partitioning or selectivity of a species) of plant and pollinator communities. All invaders strongly affected pollinator diversity and, to a lesser extent, plant diversity. Anoles had the strongest negative effect on pollinator diversity, triggering cascading effects across the trophic chain. Directly or indirectly, all invaders negatively affected plant resource use. Honey bee abundance had a direct negative effect on plant effective partners and specialization, and anole abundance and the proportion of invasive plants indirectly affected plant resource use through a reduction in pollinator diversity. Degree of invasion and network structure mediated whether honey bees contributed to functional compensation or facilitated invasional meltdown. Our findings demonstrated that co-occurring invaders generated synergistic pressures on pollinators and plants, underscoring the importance of evaluating invasions in a multistressor context. Integrative approaches are essential for developing conservation strategies in vulnerable ecosystems, particularly oceanic islands, where biological invasions are the principal driver of biodiversity loss.},
}
@article {pmid42030904,
year = {2026},
author = {Sampson, MJ and Critchell, K and Gooderham, J and Matthews, TG and Lester, RE},
title = {Macroinvertebrate community changes in response to riparian revegetation activities and land cover using historical datasets.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1032},
number = {},
pages = {181815},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181815},
pmid = {42030904},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Enhancing the scientific understanding of restoration processes is complicated, with financial and organisational limitations to the widespread use of before-after-control-impact studies, and challenges to the long-term collection and storage of data on historical restorations for use in broad-scale analyses. To conduct a broad-scale analysis of historical revegetation activities in southeastern Australia, we collated and standardised past riparian revegetation extents, combined with contemporaneous ecological (macroinvertebrate assemblages), environmental and land cover information from 2000 to 2012. The analyses demonstrated that upstream riparian activity age and cumulative lengths have an effect on macroinvertebrate community assemblages. Whilst these effects include changes to macroinvertebrate community diversity and evenness, this relationship is overshadowed by catchment-scale land cover factors, particularly the percentage of exotic pasture and native tree cover. The data was also used to interrogate changes in macroinvertebrate communities following the removal of invasive willow trees. This research demonstrates the utility of standardising historical datasets, provides recommendations for the future storage and consistent formatting of restoration data entry by natural resource management practitioners for use in future spatial analyses.},
}
@article {pmid42032820,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, KK and Zhou, YF and Yang, WJ and Wan, FH and Smagghe, G and Li, C},
title = {Isoform-specific roles of Laccase-2 in cuticle renewal and wing morphogenesis of the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70292},
pmid = {42032820},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {32460663//National Science Foundation of China/ ; QKHJC-ZK-2023-020//Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program/ ; GCC-2023-008//Program of High-level Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ-2023-024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; },
abstract = {Laccase-2 (Lac2) is a key phenoloxidase that catalyzes cuticular sclerotization and pigmentation, which are processes essential for insect molting and metamorphosis. Although the alternatively spliced isoform Lac2A is known to function in cuticular tanning, the physiological role of Lac2B has remained largely unresolved. Here, we identified and functionally characterized two Lac2 isoforms, LsLac2A and LsLac2B, from the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne, a globally important stored-product pest. Both isoforms are highly expressed during the pupal and eclosion stages, with transcripts localized mainly in the cuticle and wing tissues, and are transcriptionally induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), linking their activity to endocrine regulation of development. Functional analyses revealed that LsLac2A and LsLac2B have distinct and complementary roles in molting and metamorphosis. During larval molting, LsLac2A promotes the synthesis of new cuticle by regulating genes involved in cuticular protein and chitin biosynthesis, whereas LsLac2B facilitates degradation of the old cuticle through modulation of chitinolytic and cuticular protein-degrading genes. In the pupal stage, both isoforms influence elytral pigmentation, sclerotization, and wing morphogenesis via the coordinated regulation of wing development-related and yellow family genes. These results reveal isoform-specific functions of LsLac2 in cuticle renewal and morphogenesis, uncovering a novel mechanism of hormonal and genetic integration during insect development. This work provides new insight into the molecular specialization of Lac2 and identifies promising RNAi-based targets for the sustainable control of L. serricorne.},
}
@article {pmid42025379,
year = {2026},
author = {Mauch, J and Erize Gardoki, M and Neiling, R and Köhler, J and Facey, J and Hilt, S},
title = {Blooms like it hot, but mussels do not: Influence of invasive quagga mussels on cyanobacteria during summer.},
journal = {Harmful algae},
volume = {155},
number = {},
pages = {103094},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2026.103094},
pmid = {42025379},
issn = {1878-1470},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cyanobacteria/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Seasons ; *Harmful Algal Bloom ; *Dreissena/physiology ; Lakes/microbiology ; *Bivalvia/physiology ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) are among the most impactful invaders in freshwaters of the Northern Hemisphere. As filter-feeders, they can reduce harmful algal blooms (HABs), but their effects are expected to be dependent on cyanobacteria species and water temperature. However, conclusive studies on these traits and their combination are lacking. Here, we combined laboratory experiments with an analysis of long-term data from a temperate shallow lake 10 years before and after quagga mussel invasion, respectively. We tested the hypotheses that quagga mussel filtration rates in the laboratory would 1) vary among common cyanobacteria species and 2) decrease above a critical temperature. Regarding the field data, we expected that 3) quagga mussels can reduce the summer biovolume of palatable cyanobacteria, but that 4) this effect disappears above a critical temperature. Our results support all four hypotheses. In laboratory experiments, Dolichospermum flos-aquae was classified as palatable to quagga mussels, while Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Anabaenopsis elenkinii and Microcystis aeruginosa were less-palatable cyanobacteria. Filtration rates decreased above 28.9°C (CI: 27.6-30.2°C) with mussels dying at 32°C. Our long-term lake data show that cyanobacteria biovolumes were lower after quagga mussel invasion, but only below 27.7°C (CI: 26.9-28.4°C), confirming a critical thermal window for quagga mussel filtration. Global warming will therefore facilitate HABs by increasing the growth rates of cyanobacteria and reducing the filtration rates of quagga mussels above critical summer water temperatures, which are increasingly being reached in invaded lakes. This critical thermal window must be considered when making HAB predictions.},
}
@article {pmid42027706,
year = {2026},
author = {López-Rull, I and Blanco-González, J and Gil, D and Calvo Gómez, A and Enríquez, F and Cayuela, L},
title = {Assessing animal welfare in invasive bird management: evidence for reduced stress hormones with lethal shooting.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {coag025},
pmid = {42027706},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {Refinement of management actions for invasive species requires identifying methods that minimize physiological strain on target animals. Glucocorticoid concentrations are commonly used to assess the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to acute stress. Using monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) as an avian invader model, we aimed to assess the HPA response of two common control methods: shooting and live trapping followed by confinement until euthanasia. Plasma corticosterone (CORT), the primary avian glucocorticoid, was measured in 63 parakeets assigned to one of three groups: (i) shooting (N = 7), (ii) baseline (live-trapped birds in which blood samples were taken <3 minutes after capture, N = 6) and (iii) live trapping-confinement (live-trapped birds in which blood samples were collected 10-210 minutes after capture, N = 50). Differences among treatments were analysed using a generalized linear model with a gamma error distribution, and CORT dynamics over time were evaluated with non-linear logistic and quadratic models. CORT levels in shot birds were similar to baseline, indicating that their death occurred before a systemic HPA axis response was initiated. In contrast, live-trapped-confined birds showed markedly elevated CORT levels. The logistic model best described the stress response, showing CORT rising with time after capture until stabilizing while the stressor persisted. These results have important implications for management design. Since shooting has been proved effective in population reduction and we found it is associated with reduced CORT levels compared to trapping, we recommend that practitioners prioritize this method when controlling monk parakeets. By incorporating these objective metrics, managers can offer transparent, evidence-based justifications for the selection of control techniques, potentially reducing social conflict and fostering greater public acceptance of managing protocols for invasive species. Efforts should be made to inform the public about how different bird control techniques vary in terms of the physiological impact they may cause.},
}
@article {pmid42029018,
year = {2026},
author = {Lindström, A and Lilja, T and Eklöf, D and Waldeck, M},
title = {[Mosquitoes, climate change and new diseases].},
journal = {Lakartidningen},
volume = {123},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42029018},
issn = {1652-7518},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; Animals ; West Nile Fever/transmission/epidemiology ; Dengue/transmission/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors ; Sweden/epidemiology ; *Culicidae ; Malaria/transmission/epidemiology ; Chikungunya Fever/transmission/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission/epidemiology ; Vector Borne Diseases/transmission/epidemiology ; Aedes ; },
abstract = {Climate change affects all organisms, including mosquitoes. Shorter, milder winters and prolonged vegetation period are expected to increase mosquito populations, thereby heightening the risk of mosquito-borne disease transmission. West Nile fever exemplifies a disease that has expanded northward in recent decades, now endemic in Germany as far as the Baltic Sea coast. Additionally, mosquito species are shifting their geographical distribution. For instance, Culex modestus, known for transmitting West Nile virus, was first identified in Sweden in 2016. Invasive species like Aedes albopictus are also expanding with concurrently autochthonous transmissions of Dengue fever to humans in Europe. In 2023, two Aedes albopictus introductions were recorded in Sweden, likely occur-ring regularly, though no established populations have been confirmed. Malaria, once widespread in Sweden during the 18th and 19th centuries, disappeared, yet reintroduction due to climate change seems highly unlikely. Swedish health care must be prepared to diagnose Dengue and Chikungunya in travelers to southern Europe as well as for the emergence of West Nile virus in southernmost Sweden.},
}
@article {pmid42029174,
year = {2026},
author = {Nelson, LM and McCoy, SJ},
title = {A comprehensive review of Gracilaria vermiculophylla invasion along the east coast of the United States-Current knowledge and future directions.},
journal = {Journal of phycology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jpy.70164},
pmid = {42029174},
issn = {1529-8817},
abstract = {Gracilaria vermiculophylla, a red macroalga native to the Northwest Pacific, is now widespread in coastal estuarine ecosystems along the East Coast of the United States. Its broad environmental tolerance, high capacity for asexual reproduction via fragmentation, and ability to alter habitat structure have allowed it to persist and thrive, often outcompeting native macrophytes. This review synthesizes 48 studies on G. vermiculophylla from the East Coast of the United States, categorizing them into nine research areas: (1) Habitat Formation and Alteration; (2) Trophic Dynamics and Grazer Interactions; (3) Impacts on Nutrient Cycling and Biogeochemical Processes; (4) Microbial and Microalgal Interactions; (5) Responses to Climate Change; (6) Population Genetics; (7) Chemical Ecology; (8) Economic Impacts; and (9) Restoration and Management Implications. Although ecological and physiological studies dominate the literature, applied research on management, climate change impacts, and socio-economic outcomes remains limited. Addressing these knowledge gaps will require interdisciplinary approaches that link ecological, social, and economic dimensions to better develop effective management strategies. Effective management of G. vermiculophylla on the U.S. East Coast will require adaptive, context-dependent strategies that account for local habitat conditions, reproductive mode, and trade-offs between localized functions and the loss of native ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid41793144,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Yu, F and Hu, X and Wang, Y and Guo, J and Yang, J and Wang, Y and Hou, H and Xu, X},
title = {Gap-free genome-based analyses of the origin and adaptation of a globally invasive polyploid hydrophyte.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {250},
number = {4},
pages = {2634-2651},
doi = {10.1111/nph.71057},
pmid = {41793144},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {31101232014//Central China Normal University/ ; CCNU24XJ019//Central China Normal University/ ; },
mesh = {*Polyploidy ; *Genome, Plant/genetics ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Flowers/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes), an allotetraploid species, is among the most ecologically successful aquatic plants, exhibiting two remarkable adaptive traits: tristyly, a rare floral polymorphism promoting outcrossing, and inflated petioles (floats) that facilitate buoyancy. However, the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these traits in a polyploid context remain poorly understood. We assembled a gap-free telomere-to-telomere genome of an M-morph Po. crassipes and integrated whole-genome resequencing, transcriptomic, physiological, and anatomical analyses to investigate its genome evolution, floral polymorphism, and float formation. We detected multiple whole-genome duplication events in the Pontederia lineage. Po. crassipes originated via hybridization between two diploid progenitors and experienced nonreciprocal homoeologous exchanges. The M-morph is associated with a single hemizygous gene, LAZY1-M, and its characteristic long stamen filaments may result from cell elongation mediated by INCREASED LEAF INCLINATION (ILI) genes. By contrast, variation in style length between L- and M-morphs is primarily driven by differences in cell number. In addition, ethylene was identified as a key positive regulator of float formation. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the M-locus in a polyploid species, demonstrates its conserved evolutionary origin within Pontederiaceae, and uncovers novel regulatory mechanisms underlying morphological adaptation in aquatic plants.},
}
@article {pmid42020926,
year = {2026},
author = {Ünal, EM and Gökçe, AE and Karakuş, N and Karakuş, U and Tarkan, AS and Copp, GH and Keskin, E},
title = {Basin-scale eDNA metabarcoding reveals freshwater fish biodiversity patterns across major river systems in Türkiye.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70451},
pmid = {42020926},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {115Y181//Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (T&#xdc;B&#x130;TAK)/ ; },
abstract = {Freshwater fish biodiversity is undergoing a rapid decline worldwide due to habitat fragmentation, climate change, invasive species, overexploitation and pollution. Yet, for many regions, including biodiversity-rich but underrepresented areas such as Türkiye, large-scale assessments of species diversity and distribution remain limited. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding offers a powerful, non-invasive and scalable tool for biodiversity assessment, capable of detecting both common and cryptic taxa. Here, we present the first nationwide, basin-scale eDNA metabarcoding survey of freshwater fishes across Türkiye's major river systems, spanning a transect of more than 6000 km and encompassing 29 sampling sites across seven principal basins. Triplicate water samples were analysed using high-throughput sequencing of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, generating 351,392 high-quality reads (after filtration) and detecting 52 fish species, including native, invasive and several taxa previously unrecorded in their respective basins. The Eastern Mediterranean basin exhibited the highest species richness (28 species) and diversity (H' = 2.35; 1 - D = 0.88), whereas beta-diversity analyses revealed marked spatial structuring among basins (Jaccard similarity 0.17-0.58) and a clear biogeographic separation in principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) ordination. Importantly, eDNA metabarcoding uncovered cryptic and low-abundance taxa not detected by conventional surveys, demonstrating its complementary value and sensitivity. By providing the first comprehensive molecular baseline of Turkish freshwater ichthyofauna, this study illustrates the potential of large-scale eDNA approaches to transform biodiversity monitoring, inform conservation strategies and support management decisions in freshwater ecosystems facing accelerating environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid42021420,
year = {2026},
author = {Korti, A and Amara, DG and Chemsa, AE and Gheraissa, N and Atmane, SA and Abderrezag, N and Bouafia, A and Erenler, R},
title = {Valorization Potential of the Invasive Plant Leucaena leucocephala in Arid Algerian Ecosystems: Phytochemical Composition, Potent Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Photoprotective Activities.},
journal = {Biomedical chromatography : BMC},
volume = {40},
number = {6},
pages = {e70461},
doi = {10.1002/bmc.70461},
pmid = {42021420},
issn = {1099-0801},
mesh = {*Antioxidants/pharmacology/analysis/chemistry ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/analysis ; Algeria ; *Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology/analysis ; *Phytochemicals/analysis/pharmacology/chemistry ; Tannins/analysis ; *Fabaceae/chemistry ; Phenols/analysis/chemistry/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Leucaena leucocephala, a well-known invasive species, possesses significant yet underexplored phytochemical potential. This study investigated how its chemical composition contributes to adaptation in arid environments and provides opportunities for valorization. Methanolic extracts from the plant parts (roots, leaves, pods, seeds, and flowers) collected in Algeria were assessed for their phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content, as well as for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and photoprotective activities. Seeds exhibited the highest phenolic content (197.26 ± 1.90 μg GAE/mg), while roots were richest in tannins and flavonoids. Notably, strong antioxidant activity was recorded in seeds and leaves (IC50: 3.54 ± 0.05 and 3.61 ± 0.05 μg/mL). Roots displayed a high SPF value of 26.40, and both seed and flower extracts showed significant antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Correlation analyses highlighted a strong positive relationship between tannins and SPF (R[2] = 0.92) and a negative correlation between phenolics and DPPH° activity (R[2] = -0.84). LC-MS analysis identified 13 key polyphenols, with pods and leaves being particularly rich in compounds like vanillin and gallic acid. These findings underscore L. leucocephala's potential for sustainable use in health and cosmetic industries.},
}
@article {pmid42023048,
year = {2026},
author = {Green, KP and Happold, DCD and Sanecki, GM and Dickman, CR},
title = {Fire and Snow: Effects of Snowpack Variation and Wildfire on Small Mammal Dynamics in Sub-Alpine Habitats.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73525},
pmid = {42023048},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Montane ecosystems in many parts of the world are threatened by climate change. In Australia, alpine and sub-alpine habitats face warming temperatures, increased risk of wildfire and incursions by invasive species. For small mammals that are active over winter in these habitats, a further risk may arise if the winter snowpack-and the thermally buffered subnivean space that it creates-is impacted. We examine long-term (19-43-year) datasets on three species of small mammal in sub-alpine habitats in Australia to test whether populations decline in years when there is a shallow or transient snowpack, and after wildfire. We anticipated that species would show differential susceptibility to snowpack integrity, with species such as the broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus), which nests on the soil surface within the subnivean space, likely to be at most risk in years of shallow or transient snow cover. We found that populations of M. fuscus often declined following winters with shallow snow cover, and that the end of snow cover influenced numbers of M. fuscus and a second species, the mainland dusky antechinus (Antechinus mimetes) in the following summer or autumn. Populations of a third study species, the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes), were less affected by snowpack variables. All species declined sharply post-fire; depressions in numbers were most prolonged, and recoveries slowest, for A. mimetes and particularly M. fuscus. Food availability, drought, vegetation cover and differential susceptibility of the study species to predation by the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) probably contributed to the observed dynamics. We suggest that interactions between snowpack reduction, wildfire and fox predation pose increasing threats to small mammals in Australia's sub-alpine habitats, and call for the development of local management plans for taxa at most risk of collapse.},
}
@article {pmid42023702,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang-Fu, SR and Li, ZQ and Liu, JK and Wu, XQ and Kong, WL},
title = {Multiomics Integration Unravels the Systemic Mechanisms of Bacillus paramycoides JYZ-SD5 in Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Metasequoia glyptostroboides.},
journal = {Tree physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpag047},
pmid = {42023702},
issn = {1758-4469},
abstract = {Soil salinization is a major driver of global soil degradation and significantly affects agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represents a promising strategy for mitigating salt stress and reclaiming saline soils. This study investigated the mechanisms by which Bacillus paramycoides JYZ-SD5, a PGPR strain that promotes growth under salt stress, achieves this effect in Metasequoia glyptostroboides. We combined bacterial genome sequencing with transcriptomic analysis of M. glyptostroboides to identify key genes and pathways involved in this interaction. The JYZ-SD5 genome (5.83 Mb chromosome, five plasmids, 35.16% G+C content) encodes genes for the production of compatible solutes and exopolysaccharides (EPS), the regulation of ion (Na+, Cl-) transport, and the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Under salt stress, JYZ-SD5 produces high levels of EPS and compatible solutes (proline, betaine, trehalose), effectively sequestering sodium ions. The VOCs produced by JYZ-SD5 further alleviate salt stress in M. glyptostroboides, significantly improving seedling root development and biomass under 0.6% NaCl. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 76 genes that were differentially expressed following JYZ-SD5 inoculation under salt stress and were involved mainly in nutrient uptake, hormone regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and osmotic regulation. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed the activation of the ascorbic acid pathway and proline metabolism. These results offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PGPR enhance salt tolerance in M. glyptostroboides and highlight the potential of B. paramycoides JYZ-SD5 as a bioinoculant for sustainable agriculture and the reclamation of saline soils.},
}
@article {pmid42024788,
year = {2026},
author = {Manz, D and Oten, KLF and Sorenson, CE and Whitehill, JGA and Jetton, RM},
title = {Phenology of the elongate hemlock scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Fraser fir Christmas trees in western North Carolina.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toag098},
pmid = {42024788},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {19-092-4009//North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Specialty Crops Block Grant Program agreement/ ; 21-04-NCSU//Christmas Tree Promotion Board/ ; },
abstract = {Understanding the seasonal phenology of an insect pest in a specific region on a specific host is fundamental to the timing of management actions. The elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is an invasive insect from Japan known to infest various conifer hosts in its invasive range in eastern North America. The phenology of the scale has been studied on hemlock (Tsuga spp.) hosts in its native range and portions of its invasive range in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States; similar studies are lacking for the southeastern region. In the Southern Appalachians, this scale poses a significant management and regulatory challenge for Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.,) Christmas tree production. The objective of this study was to examine the seasonal phenology of the scale in the western North Carolina production region. Biweekly samples were collected from Fraser fir at three sites over 2 years and analyzed for abundance of each life stage. We found all life stages present at all locations throughout the year. Large variability in egg abundance was observed across 2 years. There was little variability in the abundance of life stages between sampling locations. Substantially more scale eggs, crawlers, 2nd instar nymphs and adult females were observed on the 2 most recent years' needles as opposed to older needles. These findings can help optimize the timing of management practices to control the elongate hemlock scale more effectively.},
}
@article {pmid42013484,
year = {2026},
author = {Griffin, RA and Stewart, CB and Martin, S and Wu, F and Alessi, DS and Blewett, TA},
title = {Acute copper exposure alters respiratory physiology and upper thermal limits in green crab (Carcinus maenas) at three global capture sites.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {229},
number = {},
pages = {119775},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119775},
pmid = {42013484},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {The green crab (Carcinus maenas) is a globally invasive species, inhabiting marine environments around the world, and known for its tolerance to environmental perturbations. While the green crab is a common model species in ecotoxicology, it is critical to understand their relative sensitivities to toxicants, and how this may vary among distinct populations. Here, we use a multi-stressor approach to evaluate the influence of acute copper exposure on the upper thermal tolerance of green crabs native to the Swedish North Sea and invasive to the Canadian Pacific and Atlantic Coastlines. Throughout thermal ramping green crabs exhibited an increase in ṀO2 from the 16 °C acclimation temperature to a peak ṀO2 at 33.5-34.5 °C, followed by an abrupt decline and a subsequent collapse at their upper thermal limits. Corresponding thermal limits in green crabs decreased following both low (200 μg L[-1]) and high (600 μg L[-1]) copper exposure, exhibiting consistent reductions in upper thermal limits ~2 °C sooner, with oxygen consumption reaching a peak at 31.5-33 °C, and respiratory failure occurring between 36.5 and 36.8 °C in tested locations. We therefore suggest few notable differences between capture locations, and while acute copper exposure is unlikely to influence green crab cardiorespiratory function in temperatures ranging from 16 to 28 °C, during extreme weather events or within shallow sun exposed environments, prolonged exposure to temperatures exceeding 30 °C in combination with high Cu contamination would increase green crab susceptibility to thermal stress.},
}
@article {pmid42015577,
year = {2026},
author = {Rui, L and Wen, TY and Yang, D and Qiu, YJ and Hu, LJ and Zhang, Y and Ye, JR and Wu, XQ},
title = {A neprilysin effector from the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus targets pine caffeic acid O-methyltransferase and inhibits lignin biosynthesis.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70817},
pmid = {42015577},
issn = {1526-4998},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus can devastate the pine forest ecosystem. Lignification is a vital strategy to help hosts resist pathogens, but how B. xylophilus effectors regulate the lignin biosynthesis of pine trees are unknown.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we identified a B. xylophilus neprilysin effector BxNEP1, which rose in the three B. xylophilus transcriptomes of different infection stages. We demonstrated that BxNEP1 is required for B. xylophilus reproduction and virulence during parasitic stages. Silencing of the BxNEP1 gene resulted in the upregulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PtPR-2, PtPR-5, PtPR-6 and PtLOX-5, as well as increased endogenous jasmonic acid levels in Pinus thunbergii. Protein-protein interaction assays further confirmed that BxNEP1 interacts with a P. thunbergii caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (PtCOMT), which is a major enzyme in lignin biosynthesis. Gene expression pattern indicated that BxNEP1 overcame PtCOMT quickly in the interaction between B. xylophilus and P. thunbergii at early infection stage. Furthermore, BxNEP1 effectively inhibited lignin biosynthesis by directly suppressing the gene expression of PtCOMT or indirectly downregulating PtCOMT expression through reducing JA production.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In conclusion, when B. xylophilus secretes BxNEP1 into pines, BxNEP1 inhibits lignin biosynthesis in pine trees through two distinct regulatory mechanisms to promote nematode parasitism. This study unveils a novel mechanism exploited by nematodes to suppress plant immunity, which can lead to the development of new strategies for B. xylophilus control in pines. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid42016595,
year = {2026},
author = {deSouza, AG and Coupland, GT and Wong, KW and Doughty, P and McKirdy, SJ},
title = {Successful Application of Deep Learning to Biosecurity Surveillance: A Systematic Approach Using the Asian House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus as a Case Study.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e73456},
pmid = {42016595},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {AI-based solutions offer the potential for rapid taxonomic identification of species of biosecurity concern, enhanced global accessibility and time-saving in contrast to traditional taxonomic identification by humans. This study provides a systematic approach to the application of deep learning for biosecurity surveillance, using the Asian House Gecko (AHG), Hemidactylus frenatus, Schlegel, 1836, as a case study. An effective triage tool for rapid initial identification of this invasive species was developed using machine learning, achieving high accuracy. This demonstrates the efficacy of deep learning for identifying complex morphological characteristics. The AI model used the AHG's head as a key identifying feature, highlighting the importance of specific morphological features for effective identification of target species. A structured approach for the use of machine learning was developed, which included the collation of source images, cataloguing, tagging, naming and storing images, validating and uploading images, labelling images, creating, training and deploying the model, testing model accuracy and retraining the model. This procedure allows for more rapid application of the methodology in biosecurity surveillance. The structured methodology developed can be applied to similar AI-based projects. Outcomes of this research have the potential to reduce the time delays associated with taxonomic identification of invasive species, allowing follow-up action to occur sooner. Reducing time delays is critical to implementing effective biosecurity measures.},
}
@article {pmid42016871,
year = {2016},
author = {, },
title = {Coverage of endangered species in environmental risk assessments at EFSA.},
journal = {EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {4312},
pmid = {42016871},
issn = {1831-4732},
abstract = {The EFSA performs environmental risk assessment (ERA) for single potential stressors such as plant protection products, genetically modified organisms and feed additives, and for invasive alien species that are harmful to plant health. This ERA focusses primarily on the use or spread of such potential stressors in an agricultural context, but also considers the impact on the wider environment. It is important to realise that the above potential stressors in most cases contribute a minor proportion of the total integrated pressure that ecosystems experience. The World Wildlife Fund listed the relative attribution of threats contributing to the declines in animal populations as follows: 37% from exploitation (fishing, hunting, etc.), 31% habitat degradation and change, 13% from habitat loss, 7% from climate change, and only 5% from invasive species, 4% from pollution and 2% from disease. In this scientific opinion, the Scientific Committee gathered scientific knowledge on the extent of coverage of endangered species in current ERA schemes that fall under the remit of EFSA. The legal basis and the relevant ecological and biological features used to classify a species as endangered are investigated. The characteristics that determine vulnerability of endangered species are reviewed. Whether endangered species are more at risk from exposure to potential stressors than other nontarget species is discussed, but specific protection goals for endangered species are not given. Due to a lack of effect and exposure data for the vast majority of endangered species, the reliability of using data from other species is a key issue for their ERA. This issue and other uncertainties are discussed when reviewing the coverage of endangered species in current ERA schemes. Potential tools, such as population and landscape modelling and trait-based approaches, for extending the coverage of endangered species in current ERA schemes, are explored and reported.},
}
@article {pmid42016879,
year = {2016},
author = {, },
title = {Recovery in environmental risk assessments at EFSA.},
journal = {EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {4313},
pmid = {42016879},
issn = {1831-4732},
abstract = {EFSA performs environmental risk assessments (ERAs) for single potential stressors such as plant protection products, genetically modified organisms and feed additives and for invasive alien species that are harmful for plant health. In this risk assessment domain, the EFSA Scientific Committee recognises the importance of more integrated ERAs considering both the local and landscape scales, as well as the possible co-occurrence of multiple potential stressors that fall under the remit of EFSA, which are important when addressing ecological recovery. In this scientific opinion, the Scientific Committee gathered scientific knowledge on the potential for the recovery of non-target organisms for the further development of ERA. Current EFSA guidance documents and opinions were reviewed on how ecological recovery is addressed in ERA schemes. In addition, this scientific opinion is based on expert knowledge and data retrieved from the literature. Finally, the information presented in this opinion was reviewed by experts from the relevant EFSA Panels, European risk assessment bodies and through an open consultation requesting input from stakeholders. A conceptual framework was developed to address ecological recovery for any assessed products, and invasive alien species that are harmful for plant health. This framework proposes an integrative approach based on well-defined specific protection goals, scientific knowledge derived by means of experimentation, modelling and monitoring, and the selection of focal taxa, communities, processes and landscapes to develop environmental scenarios to allow the assessment of recovery of organisms and ecological processes at relevant spatial and temporal scales.},
}
@article {pmid42016999,
year = {2026},
author = {Villamizar G, EY and Jaspe, RC and Yranzo-Duque, A and Pérez-Benítez, J and Sulbarán, YF and Narciso, S and Rujano-Espinoza, BA and Pereira, C and Goite, MC and Pujol, FH},
title = {Potential Invasive Indo-Pacific Acropora in a Coral Reef of Venezuela: A Contribution to Their Morphological and Molecular Knowledge.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e73167},
pmid = {42016999},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The introduction of invasive species into marine environments is a global crisis, driving significant biodiversity loss. Here, we report the first record of a non-native hermatypic coral in Venezuela, exhibiting biological traits characteristic of invasive species. The coral, a member of the genus Acropora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) native to the Indo-Pacific, was occupying a discrete 11 m[2] patch within a reef in Morrocoy National Park, a Marine Protected Area (MPA). Due to the high ecological risk, and with authorization from environmental authorities, we removed all colonies while representative samples were preserved for morphological and molecular characterization. To monitor for recurrence-either from residual fragments or secondary introductions-surveys were conducted every four to 6 months between 2023 and 2025. This intervention follows Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) protocols, emphasizing the necessity of continued surveillance at affected sites. Phylogenetic analysis assigned the non-native specimens to the Acropora tenuis (Dana, 1846) group. The location and species suggest a probable introduction via the marine aquarium trade. Stringent enforcement of environmental regulations and rigorous monitoring of the aquarium trade are imperative to prevent further introductions and the consequent and irreversible loss of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid42019330,
year = {2026},
author = {Sapiña-Solano, A and Silvestre-Bautista, M and Lidón, A and Boscaiu, M and Vicente, O and González-Orenga, S and Ruiz-González, MX},
title = {Above- and belowground impacts of Spartina patens invasion in mediterranean salt marshes: Ecological insights and management priorities.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {405},
number = {},
pages = {129613},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129613},
pmid = {42019330},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Biological invasions in coastal ecosystems can cause cascading impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and restoration success. This study investigates the invasion dynamics of Spartina patens in the salt marshes of the Albufera Natural Park (Spain), focusing on its effects on native plant communities and soil microbial assemblages. We conducted cartographic mapping, vegetation inventories, and soil/root sampling across five marshes. Plant communities were assessed using the Braun-Blanquet method, whereas fungal and bacterial communities were characterised through high-throughput sequencing of the ITS and 16S rDNA regions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) presence in roots was quantified microscopically. A two-phase colonisation pattern is suggested: initial establishment along marsh boundaries followed by vegetative expansion into interior zones. This spatial dynamic establishes edge habitats as critical zones for early detection and control. Spartina patens significantly reduced native plant diversity by forming dense, dominant stands that simplified habitat structure and displaced endemic species. While fungal richness remained stable across zones, showed a tendency to be higher at marsh boundaries, likely reflecting environmental variability during early invasion stages. A positive correlation between fungal and bacterial richness suggests a synergistic microbial network contributing to ecosystem processes. Spartina patens showed strong associations with AMF, supporting greater AMF richness than native grasses. These symbioses may enhance its competitive advantage by improving nutrient uptake and stress tolerance, while disrupting native plant-microbe interactions. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating above- and belowground data in invasion ecology. We propose recommendations for early intervention, microbial monitoring, and adaptive restoration planning to support biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.},
}
@article {pmid41355281,
year = {2026},
author = {Du, Y and Liu, Y and Geng, X and Wang, C and Du, D},
title = {Multiple invasive plants show a lower trait plasticity in comparison to coexisting native plants under co-invasion scenarios.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {137},
number = {4},
pages = {1128-1139},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcaf313},
pmid = {41355281},
issn = {1095-8290},
support = {MIMCP-202502//Program of Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, China/ ; 32071521//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, China/ ; 20240110//Application of Invasive Plants in Soil Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu, China/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Plant Leaves/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; China ; *Solidago/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Trait plasticity may be critical to the successful invasion of invasive plant species (IPS). Furthermore, multiple IPS can coexist in a given habitat. Nevertheless, it remains unclear which functional trait's plasticity contributes most to the competitive advantage of IPS under co-invasion scenarios. This study aims to evaluate the differences in trait plasticity, and to assess the contribution of the trait plasticity of multiple IPS to their competitive advantage under co-invasion scenarios mediated by three IPS, namely Erigeron canadensis L., E. sumatrensis Retz. and Solidago canadensis L., in comparison to native plants, in Jiangsu, China.<br><br>METHODS: The study was conducted by cross-comparing plant communities under different invasion scenarios mediated by a different number of IPS, including plant communities invaded by one, two and three of the IPS listed above and plant communities without any invasion.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: The three IPS displayed a significantly lower trait plasticity, particularly with regard to plant height, leaf size and green leaf area, in comparison to coexisting native plants, regardless of the invasion scenario. The competitive advantage of these three IPS was greatest when they invaded independently.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The competitive advantage of these three IPS was determined largely by the plasticity of green leaf area and leaf nitrogen content.},
}
@article {pmid41844024,
year = {2026},
author = {Qiu, J and Bai, J and Lin, Z and Zhang, X and Zhang, K and Zhai, Y and Xiao, C and Wang, Y},
title = {Protist-mediated bacterial community recovery outweighs soil nutrient effects in tidal flats following cordgrass invasion and removal: implications for habitat transition management.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {404},
number = {},
pages = {129195},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129195},
pmid = {41844024},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Wetlands ; *Soil/chemistry ; Poaceae ; Introduced Species ; Bacteria ; China ; Ecosystem ; Soil Microbiology ; Nutrients ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {The invasion of Spartina alterniflora (cordgrass) in coastal wetlands has become a global ecological challenge, particularly in China, where extensive eradication programs have been implemented along the nation's coastline over the past two years, resulting in the release of large areas of bare flats previously dominated by invasive cordgrass. However, whether microbiota can be rapidly restored to the initial levels of bare flats and their recovery mechanisms following cordgrass removal remain unclear. Here, we systematically investigated the dynamic changes in edaphic conditions and multi-trophic microbial communities in soils from three distinct habitats including cordgrass-invaded wetlands, cordgrass-removed wetlands and adjacent native bare flats within a representative cordgrass eradication zone in China. The results showed that cordgrass removal significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability, thereby facilitating partial recovery of bacterial and protistan communities. However, bacteria and protists exhibited asynchronous responses to cordgrass removal, with bacteria showing greater resilience and faster recovery rates than protists. Moreover, cordgrass removal decreased bacterial diversity but increased protistan diversity, and their compositional alterations were positively correlated. Bipartite networks revealed that cross-trophic interactions between bacteria and protists were strengthened following cordgrass removal. In addition, bacterial functional groups related to nitrogen and sulfur cycling were highly dependent on variations in protists. Structural equation modeling results indicated that top-down control by protists overshadowed bottom-up effects of increased nutrient availability in reshaping bacterial composition following cordgrass removal, which further determined bacterial functional potential. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the asymmetric responses of multi-trophic microorganisms to habitat transitions can regulate the relative contributions of biotic and abiotic processes to bacterial compositional recovery, with cascading implications for ecological restoration of invaded wetlands in future coastal zone management practices.},
}
@article {pmid41934757,
year = {2026},
author = {Shang, B and Chen, X and Bao, Y},
title = {Integrating MaxEnt and circuit theory to construct an ecological network framework for invasive plant management in urban ecosystems.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {404},
number = {},
pages = {129544},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129544},
pmid = {41934757},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; China ; Cities ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Plants ; },
abstract = {With the continuous development of economic and trade globalization, the economic and ecological losses caused by invasive alien plants have become increasingly severe. Through ecological network analysis, clarifying the diffusion patterns and driving mechanisms of invasive plants can shift the governance strategy from passive eradication to proactive spatial intervention, thereby improving the efficiency of invasive plant control. This study takes the built-up area of Guiyang City as the research area. Based on conducted field botanical surveys data, the maximum entropy model(MaxEnt)was applied to predict the suitable habitats of invasive plants under current (1970-2000) and future (2050) climate scenarios. On this basis, the core diffusion source areas of invasive plants were identified. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy Weight Method (EWM) were combined to construct a comprehensive resistance surface, and the diffusion network of invasive plants was generated via circuit theory. The results show that: 1. GDP, nighttime light intensity, and NDVI are the key environmental factors determining the distribution of invasive plants in Guiyang City. Under the current climate pattern, invasive plants are mainly distributed in the central part of the built-up area with a fragmented distribution pattern. In future climate scenarios, the area of suitable habitats for invasive plants will expand significantly, presenting a continuous and carpet-like distribution pattern. 2. A total of 51 core diffusion source areas were identified in the study area, with a total area of 11.49 km[2], which are mainly distributed in an annular pattern around the central part of the built-up area. In addition, 128 diffusion corridors, 41 pitch point, and 30 barriers point were extracted in the study. This study constructs a risk identification framework for invasive plant diffusion based on the "source-corridor-node" triad, which provides a spatial decision-making basis for the precise management of invasive plants. It also elevates the thinking of invasive plant prevention and control from the local management of individual species to the construction of overall resilience of urban ecosystems, thereby providing theoretical support and practical paradigms for urban ecological security risk early warning and the optimal allocation of social resources.},
}
@article {pmid42007271,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, J and Yu, F and Wang, Y and Shu, L and Fang, M and Xu, M and Wang, X and Jin, S and Luo, S and Gu, D},
title = {Findings From the Pearl River Basin: Dissolved Oxygen Dominates Functional Trait Filtering and Diversity Patterns in Urban Rivers.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e73457},
pmid = {42007271},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Urbanization of river systems introduces novel environmental stressors-such as industrial pollutants and domestic wastewater-that impose selective pressures on aquatic species and reshape fish community structure. This study investigates the effects of urbanization on fish community in the Pearl River Basin, comparing the highly urbanized Huadi River with the relatively natural Zengjiang River. We conducted field surveys of fish assemblages at 44 sampling sites along both urbanized and natural rivers during summer and winter-spring in 2024, measuring environmental variables and fish functional traits. Indicator value analysis was utilized to identify species linked to specific river types. R-L-Q analysis (RLQ) was performed on the relationships between environmental factors and functional traits, and structural equation model (SEM) was used to test causal pathways between key environmental factors, trait combinations, and community diversity. Results showed marked differences in fish community structure between urban and natural rivers. Urban rivers were dominated by a few tolerant species (e.g., Oreochromis niloticus), while natural rivers supported more diverse and balanced assemblages. RLQ and SEM results indicated that dissolved oxygen was the primary environmental filter in urban rivers, selecting for tolerant, low-oxygen-adapted, bottom-dwelling species and thereby driving the low-diversity pattern in urban river reaches. In contrast, natural rivers maintained higher diversity due to a broader range of environmental factors. This study demonstrates that urbanization, primarily through hypoxic stress, promotes trait convergence and biotic homogenization, while natural rivers preserve greater diversity. Targeted management to alleviate hypoxia and control pollution-tolerant invasive species is essential for restoring native ecosystem in urban rivers.},
}
@article {pmid42008538,
year = {2026},
author = {Groom, QJ and De Nolf, M and Estupinan-Suarez, LM and Meeus, S},
title = {Balancing the supply and demand for taxonomy: An analysis of European taxonomic capacity and policy needs.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e0347332},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0347332},
pmid = {42008538},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Europe ; *Biodiversity ; *Classification/methods ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Birds ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Taxonomy is a cornerstone of biological science and essential to biodiversity policy, yet it faces persistent structural challenges collectively known as the "taxonomic impediment". These include limited capacity, uneven geographic and taxonomic coverage, and a disconnect between the supply of expertise and its societal demand. In this study, we present a meta-research analysis of taxonomic activity in Europe over the past decade, drawing on publication metadata from OpenAlex, Wikidata, and GBIF. Using an open and reproducible workflow, we identify more than 31,000 authors affiliated with European institutions who have contributed to taxonomic publications, and we assess their taxonomic and institutional distribution. Using robust regression models, we show that biodiversity policy variables collectively explain additional variation in taxonomic research effort beyond species richness alone, with the Birds and Habitats Directives showing positive associations and marine-related policy variables showing negative associations. We explore how this supply of expertise compares with demands arising from European biodiversity policy, including legally binding instruments such as the Birds and Habitats Directives and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, as well as strategic initiatives focused on invasive alien species, crop wild relatives, and species of conservation concern. Our results highlight clear imbalances in capacity across taxonomic groups and regions, with some politically and ecologically significant taxa receiving comparatively little attention. This work illustrates how openly available data can be used to evaluate taxonomic capacity and its alignment with policy needs, providing a framework for strategic planning and investment in taxonomy.},
}
@article {pmid42008681,
year = {2026},
author = {Gu, S and Gu, D and Shu, L and Lin, Z and Tu, W and Wang, Y and Liu, X},
title = {The crucial and unique role of extreme tropical cyclones in promoting freshwater invasions in China.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {17},
pages = {e2526367123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2526367123},
pmid = {42008681},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {China ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Cyclonic Storms ; *Fresh Water ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; Fishes ; Tropical Climate ; },
abstract = {Climate change induced extreme weather events (EWEs) and invasive species are major threats to global biodiversity and social economy; however, the unique role of EWEs in facilitating biological invasions remains uncertain. Here, we compiled an extensive dataset of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over the past 70 y covering thousands of kilometers of the Southeast China coast. Through intensive field surveys and environmental DNA investigations, we found that the richness and relative abundance of nonnative freshwater animals, especially fishes, were greater at TC-frequent sites than at TC-free sites after accounting for effects of water body landscapes, native biodiversity, and anthropogenic factors such as aquaculture and religious release of nonnative animals. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed in native species richness or relative abundance between TC-frequent and TC-free sites. TC-induced precipitation, wind, and natural discharge were the key hydrometeorological parameters for predicting invasions. Our findings highlight the importance of developing proactive strategies against the combined impacts of EWEs and biological invasions under sustained global change.},
}
@article {pmid42009603,
year = {2026},
author = {Dargent, F and Reich, MS and Miller, M and Studens, K and Benvidi, N and Perrault, K and Aibueku, J and Holmes, B and Bataille, CP and Candau, JN},
title = {An integrated framework to identify and characterize regional-scale insect dispersal.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {e70230},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70230},
pmid = {42009603},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//Healthy Forest Partnership Early Intervention Strategy against Spruce Budworm Phase II Contribution Program, Invasive Species Centre/ ; RGPIN-2019-05709//National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)/ ; //Early Intervention Strategy against Spruce Budworm Phase III: Small Scale Research Program/ ; //Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service - Pest Risk Management/ ; //Early Intervention Strategy against Spruce Budworm Phase III/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Moths/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Forest pest insects cause major socio-economic impacts, global losses of millions of dollars, and ecosystem changes. A key challenge for their management is tracing regional dispersal events critical to outbreak dynamics. We developed an integrated tracing framework for pest insects by combining isotope geolocation, ecological data, and atmospheric modeling, and applied this framework to the eastern spruce budworm moth (Choristoneura fumiferana), the most severe defoliator of the North American boreal forest, to trace outbreak dispersal events. We first generated a North American model of bioavailable sulfur isotope (δ[34]S) variation in space (isoscape) and then calibrated it to spruce budworm tissues of known origin. We then used an automated trap network with high temporal resolution to collect samples and identify potential immigration events of eastern spruce budworm to Nova Scotia, Canada. Finally, we traced the natal origin of these immigrants by sequentially integrating high-probability regions of origin derived from δ[34]S values and estimated migration routes derived from biologically constrained atmospheric transport models. We find that this integrated framework allows us to narrow down the region of pest origins, restricting it to a few possible locations and demonstrating long-distance dispersal of spruce budworm across ~400 km over the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec. Our framework demonstrates that combining isotopic data with ecological indicators and atmospheric transport modeling offers improved resolution and understanding of insect dispersal ecology. This approach is transferable to trace other migratory insect species to address conservation, agriculture, and bio-surveillance needs in the context of global environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid42010287,
year = {2026},
author = {Mulas, M and Silverman, J and Garval, T and Noè, S and Guy-Haim, T and Bellerby, RGJ and Liu, J and Rilov, G},
title = {Invasive seaweeds may functionally compensate for the expected loss of endemic temperate species in the fast-warming Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcag105},
pmid = {42010287},
issn = {1095-8290},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Climate change and bioinvasions can cause dramatic shifts in community composition followed by alterations to ecosystem functioning and services. Traditionally invaders are considered as having mostly negative impacts on the environment. However, it has been recently suggested that thermally adapted species introduced to climate change hotspots might potentially compensate for native loss preserving their ecosystem functions. To test this, we investigated the eco-physiology of two dominant invasive seaweeds of the Levantine shallow reefs, Lobophora schneideri and Galaxaura lessepsiana, and then compared them with the endemic, thermally sensitive Gongolaria rayssiae.<br><br>METHODS: We followed structural (i.e., percent cover and biomass) and physiological traits at different ambient conditions. Ex-situ metabolic rates were assessed at ambient seawater temperature and under thermally manipulated conditions through the thermal performance curve experiments. Based on the estimated physiological performances we obtained thermal habitat suitability projections under predicted future scenarios for the Levantine basin.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: The invaders' calculated annual inorganic carbon uptake was 1.5-2 times higher than the endemic G. rayssiae, mostly related to their high biomass year-round while the native is fully branched only between late winter and early summer. Furthermore, the gross primary productivity thermal optima (30.7 and 31.7&#xb0;C, respectively) of L. schneideri and G. lessepsiana were higher than that of G. rayssiae (24.5&#xb0;C). Habitat suitability modelling indicated a likely replacement of the native distribution by the invasive species, with potential variation between the two Levantine invaders.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Hence, some of the reef metabolic functions such as oxygen production and carbon uptake, possibly lost with the native species extinction due to warming, will be possibly maintained by dominant invasive thermophilic species. These results highlight the importance of investigating and understanding the complex role of non-indigenous invasive seaweed species in compensating and regulating ecosystem metabolic processes and services otherwise, potentially lost in tropicalized environments.},
}
@article {pmid42011692,
year = {2026},
author = {Potter, T and Mohammed, RS and Goldberg, JF and Reznick, DN and Travis, J and Bassar, RD},
title = {Parasites alter host community structure in a natural experiment.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70258},
pmid = {42011692},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {1556884//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 2100163//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 2247042//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; },
abstract = {Parasites can profoundly alter host communities. However, the impact of parasites can vary from one community to another. Understanding why the impact of parasites varies across communities is challenging because it requires (i) separating the direct effects of the parasite on the host species from the indirect effects it exerts through the ecological interactions among the hosts and (ii) identifying how the presence of one host alters rates of infection in another. Freshwater fish communities in Trinidad have recently been invaded by a generalist parasitic nematode. This event, combined with our long-term mark-recapture studies of these communities, which began long before the invasion, presented a replicated natural experiment. In this experiment, we measured how host demographic rates responded to two 'treatments': stage of parasite establishment (before, and 1-2 years, 3-5 years and 6-8 years after invasion) and type of community (killifish-guppy communities and killifish-only communities). This design allowed us to infer the direct and indirect impacts of the parasite invasion on killifish communities and determine how the presence of guppies altered infection rates in killifish. The parasitic invasion drastically altered killifish-guppy communities: the ratio of killifish to guppies changed from 1:2 before the invasion to 1:16 after the invasion. Living with guppies amplified the effects of the parasite on killifish, such that parasite-related mortality rates of large adult killifish were twice as high in communities with guppies compared to those without. This effect was driven by a doubling of infection rates in large killifish that live with guppies. In a parallel study, we identified the same patterns of size- and community-dependent infection rates of killifish in five separate river systems, implying that this pattern is general in this system. Our study provides mechanistic insight into how parasites alter community structure under natural conditions, via their direct and indirect impacts on host demographic rates. Our work highlights the value of long-term field studies for our understanding of the impact of parasites on community structure and of ecological interactions in general.},
}
@article {pmid41998339,
year = {2026},
author = {Singh, H and Singh, MC and Arora, M and Gupta, N},
title = {Spatiotemporal assessment of surface water dynamics and quality in Harike Wetland, Punjab, using multi-sensor remote sensing and field observations.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41998339},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; India ; *Remote Sensing Technology ; *Water Quality ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Satellite Imagery ; Chlorophyll A/analysis ; },
abstract = {Wetlands are critical ecosystems that regulate hydrology, sustain biodiversity, and support human livelihoods, yet they are increasingly degraded by anthropogenic pressures and climate variability. Harike Wetland, the largest freshwater Ramsar site in northern India, is experiencing severe ecological stress due to altered hydrology, agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, sedimentation, and invasive species. This study integrates long-term satellite observations with field investigations to assess spatiotemporal surface water dynamics and water quality variations in Harike Wetland. Multi-decadal Landsat imagery (1984-2024) was used to evaluate long-term changes in surface water extent using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, while Sentinel-2 MSI data (2016-2024) were employed to derive seasonal surface water distribution and optically active water quality parameters, including chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total suspended matter (TSM). Seasonal water extent was delineated using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), which performed effectively under turbid and vegetated conditions. Results indicate pronounced spatial heterogeneity and long-term shrinkage of peripheral wetland areas, with surface water extent increasing by 8.8% during pre-monsoon (2017-2024) and 3.7% during post-monsoon (2016-2023) periods, largely controlled by monsoonal inflows and regulated discharges. Water quality analysis revealed elevated pre-monsoon Chl-a concentrations (up to 39.6 mg/m[3]) and TSM levels (up to 153.3 g/m[3]), reflecting stagnant conditions, nutrient enrichment, and sediment accumulation. Post-monsoon periods showed comparatively lower Chl-a and TSM but higher turbidity due to runoff-driven sediment inflows and dilution effects. Field-based physicochemical measurements validated the satellite-derived results, highlighting the sensitivity of Harike Wetland to hydrological variability and anthropogenic stress. The study underscores the effectiveness of integrated remote sensing approaches for long-term wetland monitoring and recommends strengthened inflow regulation, sediment management, ecological restoration, and continuous satellite-based assessment for sustainable conservation of the wetland.},
}
@article {pmid42006135,
year = {2026},
author = {Mifsud, S and Pavon, D and Médail, F},
title = {The vascular flora of the Comino archipelago (Maltese Islands).},
journal = {PhytoKeys},
volume = {272},
number = {},
pages = {217-282},
pmid = {42006135},
issn = {1314-2011},
abstract = {A comprehensive analysis of published records of terrestrial vascular plants reported from the Comino archipelago (Maltese Islands) since the mid-1800s and of plants recorded by us between 2008 and 2025 was combined to synthesise the first annotated and comprehensive checklist of vascular plants of Comino. A total of 328 observations were made, of which 78 are new records for Comino and two are recorded for the first time in the Maltese Islands. The flora consists of 490 vascular plant species. This study identifies and examines ecologically sensitive species on the Comino archipelago, including 58 strictly and legally protected species, 21 endemics, and several other plants that are red-listed as threatened species or are very rare in the Maltese Islands (e.g., Euphorbia peplis, Hornungia procumbens, and Malva setigera). Alien species are also reviewed, and 12 out of the 61 recorded species are declared invasive for Malta, but only a few are effectively invasive on Comino (e.g., Acacia saligna, Ailanthus altissima, and Oxalis pes-caprae). In addition, this account offers a concise yet comprehensive overview of Comino's geology, natural habitats, climate, and anthropogenic history. More critically, it identifies the principal threats and pressures affecting the island, which have contributed, at least in part, to the disappearance of approximately 160 species previously recorded but not observed for several decades. As highlighted in previous studies, the persistent issue of over-tourism on Comino over the past 15-20 years warrants urgent attention, as the most recent reports indicate that some 10,000 visitors flock to the small beaches of the Blue Lagoon and Santa Marija Bay, which, as also demonstrated in this report, overwhelm and disturb this ecologically sensitive Natura 2000 archipelago.},
}
@article {pmid42006377,
year = {2026},
author = {Mühlenhaupt, M and Baxter-Gilbert, J and Riley, JL and Makhubo, BG and Dludla, NS and Baider, C and Florens, FBV and Porcel, X and de Villiers, A and van Otterlo, WAL and Measey, J},
title = {Changes in the chemical defenses of an invasive toad indicate drivers and limitations of adaptation.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {115401},
pmid = {42006377},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Chemical defenses of invasive species provide protection against predators, competitors, and parasites enabling successful colonization of novel environments and can be highly detrimental to native biota. Here, we study how the chemical defenses of a successful invasive toad have changed by comparing the native source population with the introduced populations on Mauritius, Réunion, and in Cape Town. In line with the enemy release hypothesis, on Mauritius and Réunion where the community of predator species is less diverse, the toads show marked reductions in toxin gland size as well as changes in the composition of the toxins. However, in Cape Town, where the introduction happened more recently and the predator community is more diverse, only the composition of the toad toxins changed. Our results indicate drivers and constraints of adaptations of chemical defenses and provide evidence for the role of enemy release in the success of an invasive toad.},
}
@article {pmid41989983,
year = {2026},
author = {Yu, L and Zhang, C and Li, S and Zhan, A and Katsanevakis, S and Haubrock, PJ and Courtois, P and Kourantidou, M and Tarkan, AS and Renault, D and Dolan, EJ and Huang, H and Zhang, Y and Cuthbert, RN and Liu, C},
title = {Economic Costs of Biological Invasions in Marine Systems.},
journal = {Integrative zoology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.70099},
pmid = {41989983},
issn = {1749-4877},
abstract = {Marine systems worldwide are suffering escalating impacts from biological invasions, with increasing threats projected for the future. Despite substantial financial investments in managing marine invasive species, knowledge of their impacts remains patchy across regions and organismal groups. A global assessment of economic costs is urgently needed to assess invasion risk, guide management, and identify knowledge gaps. We analyzed the total economic costs of marine biological invasions worldwide from 1975 to 2021, examining the distributions of costs across time, regions, and organismal groups. Over this period, marine invasive species have cost at least US$4.3 billion, with the majority (US$3.0 billion) resulting from resource damages rather than management investments. These costs revealed substantial geographic and organismal biases. While most entries (56.8%) were associated with invasive plants, most of the costs (76.7%) were linked to invasive invertebrates. Moreover, the majority of costs were driven by a single species within each organismal group. Economic costs were available for only 26 out of 146 coastal countries, with sporadic data from Africa and South America. Economic costs were positively associated with national GDP but unrelated to the number of invaders. Compared to terrestrial (US$2 trillion) and freshwater (US$104.8 billion) systems, marine systems had both lower numbers and magnitudes of economic costs, with all values referring to total costs between 1975 and 2021. These findings highlight the need for improved management and cost-reporting systems to better address the impacts of marine invasions. In particular, management efforts should prioritize high-risk species and highly vulnerable regions, with the development of species-specific management strategies to enhance effectiveness. Moreover, proactive measures, such as strengthened regulations and pathway management, are crucial for reducing future risks and conserving marine biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41992631,
year = {2026},
author = {Calleja-Solanas, V and Moura, RO and Langa, JA and Portillo, JR and Soler-Toscano, F and Godoy, O},
title = {A general framework for invasion cycles in ecology.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {4},
pages = {e70380},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70380},
pmid = {41992631},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {PID2024-156228NB-100//Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/ ; CEX2024-001517-M//IMUS-Maria de Maeztu/ ; 2022/04886-2//S&#xe3;o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)/ ; 2023/11798-5//S&#xe3;o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)/ ; //Spanish Ministry of Innovation, Science, and Universities/ ; PID2021-127607OB-I00//European Social Fund/ ; EUR2023-143472//European Social Fund/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Models, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; *Ecology/methods ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Theory predicts that indirect interactions in ecological networks sustain species diversity through oscillatory dynamics. However, a framework linking interaction structure to the presence, type, and complexity of these cycles is lacking. Here, we develop an analytical toolbox combining invasion graphs with a mathematical decomposition of interaction matrices into symmetric and antisymmetric components. We find that invasion cycles-closed loops of species invasions-are suppressed when symmetric interactions dominate, reflecting strong self-limitation. Conversely, antisymmetric dominance, indicating competitive asymmetries, leads to the well-known cycles of single-species invasion such as rock-paper-scissors as well as novel multispecies invasion patterns, in which several species simultaneously invade each transition of the cycle. As asymmetries increase, more complex cycles involving both sequential and simultaneous invasions emerge. Yet this potential for cycles is suppressed as variability in intrinsic growth rates increases. Our work clarifies when interactions drive cycles and introduces a simple ratio that assesses symmetric versus antisymmetric contributions in the interaction matrix, constraining cycle emergence and the number of species they can sustain.},
}
@article {pmid41992771,
year = {2026},
author = {Katsanevakis, S and Belmaker, J and Rilov, G and Yeruham, E and Konstantinidis, A and Papazekou, M and Giakoumi, S and Mazaris, AD},
title = {Reconsidering the role of introduced species in the climate-affected and highly invaded eastern Mediterranean.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70288},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70288},
pmid = {41992771},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {//European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programs/ ; 101059407//HORIZON EUROPE Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment/ ; 101060072//HORIZON EUROPE Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment/ ; 101181413//HORIZON EUROPE Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment/ ; },
abstract = {Bioinvasions are considered mostly as a biodiversity and conservation hazard, but in specific situations, introduced species can bring ecological or socioeconomic benefits. We assessed the social-ecological role of marine introduced species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea-a global hotspot of bioinvasions and extirpations-and their potential relevance for achieving conservation and sustainability targets set by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). The adverse effects of introduced species include predation and competition with native species, alteration of food webs, habitat degradation, disruption of fisheries and coastal infrastructure, and risks to human health. Their beneficial effects on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services include the creation of novel habitats, trophic support for native species, partial functional compensation for declining native taxa, and substantial contributions to fisheries production and food provision. These effects can co-occur and generate trade-offs. Conservation practice should move beyond rigid origin-based assumptions and explicitly account for the context-dependent impacts of introduced species, particularly in regions where native biodiversity and associated functions are rapidly declining due to ocean warming. Introduced species considerations need to be integrated in conservation planning to meet the goal of protecting 30% of the land, sea, and inland waters (GBF Targets 1 and 3) and to sustain ecosystem services, such as food provision, through fisheries (GBF Targets 10 and 11) amid rapid climate change. Incorporating the positive and negative aspects of introduced species into systematic conservation planning can optimize conservation investments through transparent trade-off analyses. By adopting a pragmatic, holistic approach to conservation that recognizes the varied and dynamic roles of introduced species, decision makers can more effectively achieve the GBF conservation and sustainability targets in the eastern Mediterranean.},
}
@article {pmid41994345,
year = {2026},
author = {Fadl, M and Hassan, W and Korany, SM and Alsherif, E},
title = {Spatiotemporal shifts in floristic composition under afforestation and climate variability in the sacred sites of Makkah, Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e186353},
pmid = {41994345},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {This study aimed to detect shifts in the floristic composition of the holy sites of Makkah over the past three decades, with special emphasis on the impact of afforestation and climate change. Results from a study carried out thirty years ago were compared with a contemporary survey (excluding afforested habitats) to isolate the impacts of climate change. An afforested area was compared to a nearby natural habitat to evaluate the effects of afforestation. The results show that the current floristic composition includes 116 species from 81 genera and 36 families. Afforestation significantly changed species composition (J = 0.19), mostly by replacing native desert taxa with invasive and disturbance-tolerant species. In addition, the proportional representation of life forms and chorotypes shifted substantially. Over the previous three decades, there has been a change in the amount of rainfall and the monthly average temperatures. While species richness increased by 90.9% compared to the 1989-1991 survey, (excluding afforested habitats), with high species turnover (82%, calculated as 1 - Jaccard similarity = 0.82) and 66% of the original taxa no longer recorded. Overall, the data show that both afforestation and climate change have significantly altered the floristic structure of the study area, emphasising the importance of management techniques targeted at limiting the establishment and spread of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41997330,
year = {2026},
author = {Ren, X and Li, Z and Gong, C and Wu, Y and Zulihuma, H and Wang, N and Pan, Y and Lili, Q and Guo, Q and Chen, Q and Li, Y},
title = {pH-responsive HACCs co-delivery of dsRNA and cyenopyrafen synergistically controls Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus truncatus.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {152028},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152028},
pmid = {41997330},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Developing biopesticides and reducing dependency on chemical acaricides are imperative for sustainable agriculture. Herein, a nano-delivery system (Cpf@CHC-dsRNA/HACCs) based on chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACCs) was developed for the co-delivery of dsRNA targeting CHS, CnCC, and HR96 genes, along with the acaricide cyenopyrafen (Cpf). Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the nanoparticles exhibited a regular polyhedral morphology with an average size of approximately 500 nm, demonstrating good stability and pH-responsive release behavior. At pH 5.0, the cumulative release rate of Cpf reached 97.0 ± 1.1% within 204 h. Toxicity bioassay revealed that the LC50 values of Cpf@CHC-dsRNA/HACCs against Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus truncatus were 15.431 μg/mL and 0.413 μg/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of Cpf, Cpf@Stpp/HACCs, and CHC-dsRNA/HACCs. qPCR and histopathological analysis further demonstrated that target gene suppression by Cpf@CHC-dsRNA/HACCs correlated with developmental deformities and tissue damage in spider mites, resulting in enhanced acaricidal efficacy. The formulation exhibited good biocompatibility on cotton, with lower acute toxicity to the beneficial organisms Anystis baccarum (LC50 = 185.537 μg/cm[2]) and Eisenia fetida (LC50 = 81.027 μg/cm[2]) compared to technical Cpf. Fluorescence tracing confirmed its efficient penetration and accumulation in both plant tissues and spider mite bodies. Therefore, Cpf@CHC-dsRNA/HACCs significantly enhance spider mite susceptibility to Cpf through effective silencing of CHS, CnCC, and HR96 genes, offering a promising nano-delivery strategy for reducing pesticide usage while improving efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid41803893,
year = {2026},
author = {Andrus, PS and Han, QC and Yang, LM and Wade, CM and Qin, ZQ and Kassegne, K and Wu, XN and Guo, YH and Zhou, XN},
title = {Population genetic diversity of invasive Pomacea snails and surveillance of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Shanghai, East China.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41803893},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {No. W2533202//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; TF2024012//Technology Innovation Support Program, NIPD, China CDC/ ; WSJK2024MS226//Hainan Province Health Technology Innovation Joint Project/ ; 2021YFC2300800//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Angiostrongylus cantonensis/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; China/epidemiology ; *Genetic Variation ; *Snails/parasitology/genetics/classification ; Introduced Species ; *Strongylida Infections/epidemiology/transmission/parasitology ; Humans ; Genetics, Population ; Phylogeny ; Fresh Water ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Golden apple snails (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Pomacea) were introduced into China in the 1980s for aquaculture and have since become widespread agricultural pests across East Asia. In addition to their invasive impact, they are a key intermediate host of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Secernentea: Angiostrongylidae) in China, the causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis in humans.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a malacological survey of 55 freshwater sites across Shanghai and neighboring East China provinces to assess Pomacea distribution, genetic diversity, and A. cantonensis infection status. A total of 700 Pomacea snails were examined for A. cantonensis using traditional lung microscopy and molecular xenomonitoring (PCR and LAMP). Mitochondrial COI barcoding was performed on 200 individuals from 20 high-density sites to assess species composition and genetic diversity.<br><br>RESULTS: Pomacea snails were found at 81.8% (45/55) of sites surveyed. No A. cantonensis infections were detected by microscopy or molecular assays. Genetic analyzes revealed three Pomacea species (P. canaliculata, P. maculata, and P. occulta) and nine distinct COI haplotypes. Pomacea canaliculata was the most common and genetically diverse species, with four unique haplotypes (H5-H8) occurring only in Shanghai, indicative of recent introductions. Overall, populations showed moderate haplotype diversity (Hd&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.73) and population structure (FST&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.24).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although no A. cantonensis infections were detected in the snails examined in this survey, these negative findings do not preclude the possibility of low-prevalence or newly emerging infections. The wide distribution and high genetic diversity of Pomacea populations across Shanghai and East China highlight that suitable hosts are already well-established, emphasizing the ongoing risk of parasite introduction and spread into currently nonendemic regions. Continued molecular surveillance, public awareness, and strengthened biosecurity measures remain essential to effectively manage invasive snail populations and mitigate future public health threats.},
}
@article {pmid41986860,
year = {2026},
author = {Armenta-Medina, A and Mora-Macias, J and Massange-Sánchez, JA and López-Valenzuela, BE and Rangel-Chavez, CP},
title = {Perspectives of Gene Editing for the Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {3011},
number = {},
pages = {365-381},
pmid = {41986860},
issn = {1940-6029},
mesh = {*Gene Editing/methods ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Genome, Plant ; *Plants/genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Plant Diseases/genetics ; },
abstract = {The rapid development of genome editing tools, particularly CRISPR-Cas9 and virus-induced genome editing (VIGE), offers transformative opportunities for the conservation of plant genetic resources. These technologies enable precise modifications that can enhance genetic variation, restore endangered populations, and strengthen resilience against climate change and invasive species. This chapter reviews methodological frameworks, including guide design, delivery systems, regeneration protocols, and verification of off-target effects, as well as ecological and ethical considerations. Case studies are highlighted in both wild and cultivated species: American chestnut, ash, elm, Pacific yew, hemlock, and whitebark pine, alongside crops of global significance such as coffee, cacao, wild apple, and banana. Applications include resistance to blight, borers, Dutch elm disease, woolly adelgid, rust, rots, and endogenous viral elements. Finally, the chapter outlines future directions emphasizing biosafety, ecological validation, and equitable governance, underscoring the potential of CRISPR-based strategies to integrate conservation science with sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid41987825,
year = {2026},
author = {Haque, S and Ponton, F and Allen, AP and Gamage, HKAH and Encinas-Viso, F and Paulsen, IT and Dudaniec, RY},
title = {Environment and Pollen Diversity Differentially Affect the Gut Microbiomes of Introduced Honeybees and Bumblebees.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {e70234},
pmid = {41987825},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Invasive species may exhibit shifts in their gut microbiome in response to novel environments and diet, but this may differ across host species and their time since colonisation. We investigate if site environmental variables and foraged pollen resources differentially shape the gut microbiomes of two bee species with contrasting introduction histories: The European honeybee, Apis mellifera (introduced 1831), and the recently invasive bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (invaded 1992). Using landscape-scale metabarcoding across the island state of Tasmania in Australia, we characterised gut bacteria (16S rRNA) and corbicular pollen diversity (ITS2) for each species. Gut bacterial composition was significantly associated with mean annual temperature for A. mellifera and with mean annual precipitation and percentage of pasture for B. terrestris. In B. terrestris, the core and facultative gut microbial diversity and richness showed associations with precipitation, foraged pollen diversity, wind velocity and temperature. Foraged pollen diversity of native plants more strongly predicted the facultative gut microbiome across species. Overall, the gut microbiome of B. terrestris showed a stronger response to abiotic and biotic predictors compared to A. mellifera. Our findings advance understanding of how environmental and dietary factors shape pollinator gut microbiomes at landscape scales, with implications for pollinator health and survival.},
}
@article {pmid41989261,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, YB and Wan, G and Ji, Y and Chen, H and Gao, BY and Yu, DH and Warrant, E and Wu, Y and Chapman, JW and Hu, G},
title = {Geomagnetic and visual cues guide seasonal migratory orientation in the nocturnal fall armyworm, the world's most invasive insect.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7554/eLife.109098},
pmid = {41989261},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {2021YFD1400700//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; KJJQ2025013//Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities/ ; RENCAI2025031//Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities/ ; SKLJRP2507//Joint Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity/ ; 32202289//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Animal Migration ; *Cues ; *Spodoptera/physiology ; Seasons ; *Orientation ; *Magnetic Fields ; Introduced Species ; Orientation, Spatial ; *Visual Perception ; },
abstract = {The mechanisms guiding nocturnal insect migration remain poorly understood. Although many species are thought to use the geomagnetic field, the sensory basis of magnetic orientation in insects has yet to be clarified. We developed an indoor experimental system to investigate the integration of geomagnetic and visual cues in the seasonal orientation of a globally distributed pest moth, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a highly invasive species which in the past decade has colonized almost all potentially habitable regions of the globe. Our results demonstrate that fall armyworms require both geomagnetic and visual cues for accurate migratory orientation, with visual cues being indispensable for magnetic orientation. When visual and geomagnetic cues are placed in conflict, moths become disoriented, although not immediately, indicating that sensory recognition of the conflict requires time to process. We also show that the absence of visual cues leads to a significant loss of flight stability, which likely explains the disruption in orientation. Our findings highlight that visual cues are critical for stable magnetic orientation in the fall armyworm, offering a basis for future investigations of visual-magnetic integration in noctuid migrants.},
}
@article {pmid41989621,
year = {2026},
author = {Sookhan, N and Sookhan, S and Grewal, D and Onuferko, TM and Cadotte, MW and MacIvor, JS},
title = {Plant invasion reduces density-dependent pollination but not florivory.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {208},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41989621},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {RGPIN-2018-05660//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; 401276521//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Pollination ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Herbivory ; Ontario ; Flowers ; Weevils/physiology ; },
abstract = {Understanding the impact of plant invasion on multitrophic community dynamics and coexistence requires widespread and frequent monitoring. Deep learning can be used to automate the measurement of indicators of ecological interactions and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we used a consumer-grade drone paired with deep learning to assess floral density in meadows invaded by the dog-strangling vine Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) at the Rouge National Urban Park in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. Alongside these measurements, observations of pollination and herbivory was completed on Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.Nesom (Asterales: Asteraceae), a self-incompatible, pollinator-dependent native plant that experiences herbivory by a widespread specialist weevil, Anthonomus rufipes LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Our results suggest that as invasion progresses, pollination services are reduced due to the decrease in floral density which suppresses pollinator abundance and activity. Conversely, while herbivory had a strong effect on plant reproduction, it was density independent and thus unaffected by direct effects of invasion, but rather indirect through reduced host abundance. By pairing deep learning with drone technology, we detected patterns consistent with a reduction of pollinator habitat quality along the invasion gradient. Furthermore, we find that invasion appears to suppress plant reproduction by means of separate processes that are either independent of or dependent on pollination. Overall, the results suggest that invasion reduces pollinator habitat quality while simultaneously resulting in ecological conditions consistent with the reproductive impairment of late-season flowering resident plant species.},
}
@article {pmid41979701,
year = {2026},
author = {Salge, F and Stibor, H and Schubert, M and Vogelmann, C},
title = {Markedly reduced prevalence of Schistocephalus solidus in pelagic three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Lake Constance.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {125},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41979701},
issn = {1432-1955},
}
@article {pmid41982288,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, C and Wu, Q and Du, C and Gu, L and Wang, X and Xie, J and Wang, J and Chen, J and Wang, Y},
title = {Stage-dependent shifts in native and invasive traits mediate community invasibility in subtropical urban ecosystems.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {389-398},
pmid = {41982288},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Biological invasions threaten biodiversity and ecosystem stability through stage-dependent functional trait mediation. However, the mechanistic linkages between invasion intensity and multidimensional functional traits remain inadequately characterized. To address this gap, we analyzed eight multidimensional functional traits across 290 subtropical herbaceous plots in Jinhua, China. By integrating invasion level, we evaluated how native and invasive species traits differentially regulate community invasibility, a metric quantifying a community's susceptibility to biological invasion. Functional and taxonomic diversity exhibited hump-shaped patterns, peaking at moderate invasion before declining sharply under heavy invasion, while community invasibility increased markedly with invasion level. Native communities resisted invasion through persistent suppression of canopy height and stage-adaptive strategies: Leaf thickness emerged as a critical resistance trait under heavy invasion, counteracting invasive dominance. In contrast, invasive species initially prioritized rapid canopy occupation via height-mediated advantages, subsequently shifting toward stress tolerance (e.g., thickened leaves) and resource reallocation (e.g., root-shoot ratio adjustments) to consolidate dominance. Native abundance universally suppressed invasibility across all invasion stages, whereas invasive abundance amplified success only at advanced stages. Resistance was governed by stage-dependent trait trade-offs: Native leaf dry weight enhanced invasibility under light invasion but became ineffective as competition intensified. Conversely, invasive aboveground biomass and root-shoot ratio consistently promoted invasibility, reflecting prioritization of rapid resource acquisition. Our findings demonstrate that invasion outcomes depend on the spatiotemporal coordination of multidimensional functional traits. We propose an adaptive management framework for urban ecosystems emphasizing structural preservation (e.g., maintaining native canopy height) combined with stage-specific trait optimization of resistance traits to mitigate invasibility.},
}
@article {pmid41982402,
year = {2026},
author = {Duan, M and Xing, J and Zheng, X and Zhu, C and Qiao, H},
title = {Enhancing Species Distribution Models by Considering Dispersal Ability.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e73425},
pmid = {41982402},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Climate change is driving shifts in species' geographic ranges, and understanding these changes is critical for effective biodiversity conservation. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are widely used to predict the potential distribution of a given species under climate change. However, most studies focus solely on shifts in suitable habitats without considering whether species can reach these areas within a relevant timeframe. This omission often results in overestimation of future distributions and underestimation of extinction risk. Here, we designed an experiment to assess the impact of dispersal constraints on SDM predictions using 10 species with varying dispersal abilities. We compared the potential future distribution of species under two scenarios: the first, incorporating their dispersal ability and the second, assuming unlimited dispersal. Our results demonstrate that ignoring dispersal leads to an overprediction of suitable habitats for species, which may result in underestimating species extinction risk or overestimating the risk of range expansions by invasive species. This underscores the critical need to integrate dispersal dynamics into SDMs to enhance the accuracy of biodiversity projections. By incorporating realistic movement constraints, SDMs can provide more reliable predictions, leading to improved conservation planning, better management of invasive species, and more effective biodiversity conservation efforts under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41983093,
year = {2026},
author = {Yu, ZC and Zhu, H and Zheng, YZ and Yu, SY and Liu, YF and Lin, XL and Peng, CL and Zheng, XT},
title = {Exploring the differences in the invasion potential of Sphagneticola trilobata in three invasive habitats based on photosynthetic and photoprotective capacities.},
journal = {Photosynthetica},
volume = {64},
number = {1},
pages = {52-63},
pmid = {41983093},
issn = {1573-9058},
mesh = {*Photosynthesis/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Few studies have simultaneously assessed the growth characteristics and invasion potential of invasive plants in different habitats by integrating photosynthetic physiology with photoprotective strategies. In this study, we compared the growth, photosynthetic physiology, and photoprotective strategies of the widespread invasive plant Sphagneticola trilobata in three representative habitats: farmland, woodland, and riverside. Our results showed that S. trilobata exhibited the highest growth performance in farmland, which correlated with the highest net photosynthetic rate, electron transfer rate, and antioxidant substances. Plants from the riverside habitat showed intermediate growth, with the highest quantum yield of unregulated energy dissipation at PSII. Plants in the woodland had the worst growth status. These findings suggest that S. trilobata possesses the strongest invasion potential in farmland, intermediate potential at the riverside, and the weakest in woodland. This study provides novel insights for habitat-specific invasion risk assessment of alien plant species.},
}
@article {pmid41983439,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, Z and Allen, WJ and Wu, L and Liu, M and Hu, Y and Wang, J and Li, M and Guo, X and Guo, W},
title = {Turncoat? Native Nitrogen-Fixing Legumes Facilitate Plant Invasion via Soil Microbes and Nitrogen Transfer.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {e70847},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70847},
pmid = {41983439},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {U22A20558//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31970347//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32271588//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32501407//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Fabaceae/physiology/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen deposition often promotes plant invasions and can arise from multiple sources. However, it remains unclear whether native legumes facilitate invasive plants directly through biotic nitrogen transfer or indirectly via soil microbial mediation. It is also unknown how exogenous nitrogen addition influences these facilitative effects. To address these questions, we combined evidence from a greenhouse experiment and global meta-analysis. The greenhouse experiment tested the effects of neighboring plants (a native nitrogen-fixing legume Albizia julibrissin; a native non-nitrogen-fixing legume Styphnolobium japonicum; or a conspecific) on the growth of invasive Rhus typhina and its native congener R. chinensis. Within-pot membrane treatments were used to obstruct microbial and nitrogen movement between focal and neighboring plants, with and without added nitrogen. The total biomass of invasive R. typhina increased when grown with the nitrogen-fixing legume compared with conspecific neighbors, but not when grown with the non-nitrogen-fixing legume. Positive effects of the nitrogen-fixing legume on R. typhina were suppressed when nitrogen transfer or soil microbial movement was obstructed by membranes. Exogenous nitrogen addition did not alter the growth of invasive R. typhina or its interactions with legumes. The biomass of native R. chinensis did not differ among neighboring plant treatments, indicating that facilitation by legumes favored the invasive species. The global meta-analysis of 268 effect sizes from 46 studies of the effects of legumes on neighboring plants also revealed that native legumes enhanced invasive plants' performance. Together, our findings recognize nitrogen-fixing legumes as overlooked facilitators of plant invasion, operating through both nutrient and microbial mediated pathways. These findings highlight a paradox in which native species can act as "turncoats," accelerating invasion and reshaping plant communities under global change.},
}
@article {pmid41985793,
year = {2026},
author = {Vinitha, MS and Sheeba, P and Sudhikumar, AV},
title = {Does Boldness Stamp a Morphological Mark? Evidence of Decoupling in the Invasive Giant African Snail Lissachatina fulica ().},
journal = {Behavioural processes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105375},
doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105375},
pmid = {41985793},
issn = {1872-8308},
abstract = {Understanding covariation between animal personality traits and morphology is essential for assessing ecological impacts and developing targeted mitigation for invasive species. Boldness, characterised by an individual propensity to take risks, facilitates invasion success by enhancing dispersal, resource acquisition, and adaptability. Here, we investigated associations between boldness and shell morphology in juvenile and adult Lissachatina fulica, a pantropical invader with profound agricultural and ecological impacts, to evaluate the potential for predicting behavioural phenotypes from shell traits. Our analyses revealed no association between boldness and morphological traits in juvenile Lissachatina fulica. In contrast, adult boldness was significantly associated with shell shape variation, characterised by a more deflated body whorl, a smaller, rounder aperture and greater slenderness of shell. This axis of variation accounted for 9.1% of total shell shape variation. These findings suggest that size-based management interventions may exert limited behavioural selection pressure on juveniles but could selectively target morphology-behaviour syndromes in adults, contingent on detectability and capture efficiency. Integrating trait-based variation into control frameworks promises more adaptive, ecologically grounded strategies for mitigating the impacts of Lissachatina fulica.},
}
@article {pmid41986399,
year = {2026},
author = {Bisanti, M and Spotti, FA and Gil-Tapetado, D and Schifani, E and Zucchelli, MV and Grasso, DA and Mori, A and Polidori, C and Castracani, C},
title = {Urban ants of Italy from a long-term community science-based dataset for biodiversity research.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-026-07235-x},
pmid = {41986399},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {FIL from 2018 to 2023//Universit&#xe0; degli Studi di Parma/ ; FIL from 2012 to 2023//Universit&#xe0; degli Studi di Parma/ ; COMP-HUB and COMP-R Initiatives//Ministero dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca/ ; CUP, H43C22000530001 Project title "National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC"//Ministero dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca/ ; },
abstract = {Urban environments are increasingly recognized as important settings for biodiversity monitoring, yet empirical knowledge of insect fauna in cities remains limited. Ants are key components of urban ecosystems and useful model organisms to study the ecological effects of urbanization. Urban ant assemblages include invasive alien species, climate-sensitive taxa, and species associated with both ecosystem functioning and human environments, making them relevant to questions of biodiversity loss, sustainable urban development, and human well-being. Here we describe a nationwide dataset on urban ants in Italy, compiled through the community science project School of Ants. The dataset, accessible through GBIF, contains 4,698 occurrence records collected between 2011 and 2024 using a standardized baiting protocol (cookie-crumb-filled tubes left open for one hour). It documents 66 species and four species complexes, belonging to 21 genera and three subfamilies of the family Formicidae, and represents approximately one-fourth of the known Italian ant fauna. Data were generated through the participation of more than 6,000 volunteers and subsequently validated by taxonomic experts. Records were harmonized according to Darwin Core standards to facilitate integration with global biodiversity infrastructures. This dataset provides a spatially and temporally structured resource to investigate the effects of urbanization on ant assemblages, track dominant and non-native species. Although coverage is concentrated in Northern Italy, the standardized and accessible protocol provides a scalable framework that can be readily adopted to generate comparable urban ant datasets in other geographic contexts.},
}
@article {pmid41986563,
year = {2026},
author = {Ananthram, AN and Raja, G and Nobinraja, M and Ravikanth, G},
title = {River interlinking and biodiversity risks in Indian freshwater ecosystems.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-46640-5},
pmid = {41986563},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CRG/2023/001126//Anusandhan National Research Foundation/ ; BT/PR44932/FCB/125/111/202//Department of Biotechnology/ ; },
abstract = {India's National River Linking Project (NRLP) is a large-scale inter-basin water transfer scheme designed to address water scarcity and excesses by connecting surplus basins to deficit ones across the country. However, such large-scale hydrological alterations pose serious ecological risks. This study examines the potential role of river interlinking on the distribution and dynamics of freshwater invasive alien species and their interactions with native biodiversity across Indian river basins. We modelled the distribution of 15 naturalised freshwater IAS using species distribution models based on bioclimatic variables. These maps were then overlaid with basin-level freshwater biodiversity and threatened-species data, as well as the proposed river-linking network. The results reveal strong positive correlations between IAS richness and overall as well as threatened freshwater biodiversity, with biodiversity hotspots such as the Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, Brahmaputra, and the Western Ghats basins being most at risk. The proposed interlinking routes are expected to act as ecological corridors, enabling biotic exchange among previously isolated basins. Such increased connectivity could accelerate biological invasions, disrupt migratory routes, alter hydrological regimes, and undermine ecosystem resilience. The findings emphasise the urgent need to incorporate invasion ecology and biodiversity safeguards into NRLP plans to prevent irreversible ecological damage.},
}
@article {pmid41972556,
year = {2026},
author = {Gu, H and Zhang, T and Yuan, Y and Teng, H},
title = {The Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Pomacea canaliculata Boule: A Central Player in Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {41972556},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {23N41900100//Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan: Agricultural Science and Technology/ ; T2023335//Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program/ ; QB 2024-4//Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute Go-Sailing Program/ ; },
abstract = {Boule is the ancestral member of the Deleted in Azoospermia (DAZ) family and is pivotal for gametogenesis and male fertility in most animals. However, there is a dearth of information on molluscan boule. Here, we identified a counterpart (Pcbol) from the genome of Pomacea canaliculata, which has emerged as a cosmopolitan alien species and notorious pest that causes devastating damage to aquatic biodiversity, freshwater ecosystems and crop production in invaded ranges. This study aimed to investigate the biological roles of Pcbol in male reproduction and to decipher the molecular mechanisms underpinning its modulation via dsRNA-delivered RNA interference (RNAi). The bioinformatic analysis showed that the Pcbol genomic sequence is 12,934 nt in length, harboring an open reading frame of 294 nt that encodes 97 aa residues, with an RRM domain evolutionarily conserved among molluscan orthologues. Spatiotemporal expression profiling indicated the predominant abundance of Pcbol in adult males and testis tissues. dsPcbol, injected at a dose of 4 μg/per snail for 5 days, yielded optimal silencing at both transcript and translation levels of Pcbol, as revealed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence echoed a pronounced reduction in Pcbol signal intensity following RNAi. In addition to the arrested reproductive gland phenotype, the number of sperm cells substantially dwindled upon dsPcbol treatment relative to the dsGFP control. In biochemical and fecundity assays, Pcbol depletion triggered a significant decrease in Te/SP/Arg content and suppressed the number of deposited eggs and hatchability. Furthermore, spermatogenic genes like CDC25/TSSK1/SPATA17/DDX4/Dmrt2/Sox2/Kelch10/SPO11 displayed considerable downregulation post Pcbol silencing, with molecular docking predicting a strong affinity between CDC25 and Pcbol. These molecular modules may interact with Pcbol to mediate knockdown effects on spermatogenesis dysfunction. Collectively, our findings not only confirmed that boule was indispensable for spermatogenesis and male fertility in a mollusk, but also highlighted the Pcbol-based male sterile technique (MST), which can be incorporated into precision pest management (PPM) strategies for sustainable control of P. canaliculata.},
}
@article {pmid41976082,
year = {2026},
author = {Zacharia, M and Vogiatzakis, IN and Zotos, S},
title = {Living Wild in a Mediterranean Island: Spatial and Temporal Behaviour of Free-Roaming Cats in Cyprus.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {41976082},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Cats are among the most beloved and affectionate companion animals to humans. Historically, they have been utilised to manage pests or offer comfort and companionship, a practice that continues today. Due to human malpractice, unowned free-roaming cats (as stray pets or feral cats) are now considered amongst the 100 worst invasive species, and are responsible for the decline and even the disappearance of many wild species worldwide. Free-roaming cats maintain their hunting instincts, causing problems for native species, which is recognised as a major issue in island biodiversity. Despite their impact, limited studies have been conducted to understand the spatial activity of free-roaming cats in the Mediterranean when they are away from their caregivers (owners who feed and care for their cats while allowing unrestricted outdoor roaming). To investigate this, we used GPS tracking collars to monitor 15 free-roaming cats on the island of Cyprus, during spring-autumn 2022. The monitored cats were active in a spectrum of different habitats, from forests and farmland to shrublands and the suburbs. We monitored cats for 5.6 days, on average, to investigate their home range sizes (KDE 95%; median: males = 55,678 m[2]; females = 11,377 m[2]), daily distance travelled (median: males = 1233 m; females = 538 m), and daily/nocturnal activity, and the factors that influence these patterns. The animals' sex, shelter availability, and the type of coverage in an area show statistically significant differences in relation to their home range, while activity peaked during the afternoon hours, a finding that is also statistically confirmed. Although the sample size of the study is relatively small, the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the home range of free-roaming cats in Cyprus is revealed. These findings offer quantitative evidence and can contribute to wildlife conservation and free-roaming cat management.},
}
@article {pmid41977125,
year = {2026},
author = {Gul, H and Govindharaj, GP and Murtaza, G and Ullah, F and Huang, J and Guo, W and Guedes, RNC and Desneux, N and Li, X and Lu, Y},
title = {Cytochrome P450 Genes Mediate High-Temperature Adaptation Under Diverging Humidity Conditions in Tuta absoluta.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27072935},
pmid = {41977125},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2023YFD1401200//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2023A02006//Major Science and Technology Projects in Xinjiang/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; *Humidity ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Larva/genetics ; *Moths/genetics/physiology ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Transcriptome ; RNA Interference ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Thermotolerance/genetics ; },
abstract = {Temperature and humidity are critical abiotic factors shaping the survival and adaptation of insect pests. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying high-temperature tolerance under contrasting humidity conditions remain poorly understood, particularly in globally invasive species such as the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta. Previous studies have examined individual stressors, leaving interactive thermo-hygrometric effects on gene expression and survival insufficiently resolved. Here, we assessed the contribution of cytochrome P450 genes to thermal adaptation under low- and high-humidity conditions using transcriptome profiling combined with nanocarrier-mediated RNA interference (RNAi). Third-instar larvae were exposed to high temperature under low humidity (HT-LH: 40 °C, 50% RH) or high humidity (HT-HH: 40 °C, 75% RH) for eight hours. Survival declined from 97.5% in the control to 74.16% under HT-LH and 68.33% under HT-HH conditions. Transcriptome analysis revealed extensive differential gene expression, with 464 genes upregulated and 565 downregulated in HT-LH, and 1145 upregulated and 1166 downregulated in HT-HH. Functional annotation highlighted pathways linked to metabolic regulation, proteostasis, and detoxification, including multiple cytochrome P450-associated processes. RT-qPCR confirmed the upregulation (3-5 fold) of four P450 genes (CYP6AB327, CYP6ABF1b, CYP6AE214, and CYP9A306c) under high temperature across both humidity regimes. RNAi-mediated silencing of these genes significantly reduced larval survival, demonstrating their functional role in thermal-hygrometric stress tolerance across. Cytochrome P450 genes underpin the adaptive capacity of the tomato pinworm to high-temperature stress across contrasting humidity conditions, highlighting RNAi-based disruption of P450 function as a promising avenue for sustainable pest management under climate change scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid41977648,
year = {2026},
author = {Kadlec, J and Novosadová, K and Macháčková, K and Sýkora, P and Pokorný, R},
title = {Can Paulownia Siebold &amp; Zucc. Become an Invasive Species via Its Seeds?.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {41977648},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {LDF_VP_2018018 (The influence of different variants of wintering and pruning felling on the growth and quality of paulownia&#xb4;s wood)//Internal Grant Agency (IGA) of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno/ ; LDF_VP_2019011 (Determination of optimum irrigation for the growth of Paulownia)//Internal Grant Agency (IGA) of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno/ ; LDF_VP_2020034 (Optimalization of production of planting material Paulownia spp. propagation by seed (including presowing treatment) and vegetative propagation (cutting of belowground and aboveground parts))//Internal Grant Agency (IGA) of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno/ ; QK21010198 (Adaptation of forestry for sustainable use of natural resources)//Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic/ ; },
abstract = {Paulownia plantations are established in large numbers worldwide for their high production of quality wood. Paulownia tomentosa is considered an invasive plant in many countries; however, other species, and mainly their hybrids that grow in plantations, are classified neither as invasive nor non-invasive plants, although the risk of spontaneous spreading of its seeds can be very great. In April and September 2022, we conducted a germination experiment where we used three species and six hybrids of Paulownia. The germination rates of all selected species and hybrids were very high, especially if the seeds were left at a temperature of +4 °C-almost 90% (April) and around 60% (September). When the seeds were exposed to below-zero temperatures (i.e., -15 °C), the germination rates were still high and, moreover, those of Hybrids were higher than those of Species. Therefore, all species of Paulownia, and mainly the hybrids, have the potential to be invasive.},
}
@article {pmid41977677,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Tian, Y and Zhao, X},
title = {Responses of Invasive Plants from Different Families to Warming and Drought.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {41977677},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {20220402056GH//Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program/ ; },
abstract = {Climate warming and drought often co-occur to form warm-dry climate patterns. However, systematic comparative studies of the responses of invasive plants from different families to their combined effects remain limited. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the interactive effects of warm (normal vs. warming) and drought (well-watered vs. drought) conditions on the growth, root traits, and competitive performance of 11 invasive plant species from three families (Amaranthaceae, Poaceae, and Asteraceae) growing in competition with native communities. Our results showed that warming did not significantly increase the total biomass of all invasive species combined but significantly promoted biomass accumulation in Poaceae and Asteraceae. Drought consistently reduced the biomass across all invasive species. Notably, a marginally significant interaction effect of warm and drought conditions on the biomass proportion of Amaranthaceae was detected. Specifically, under normal conditions, drought increased the biomass proportion of Amaranthaceae species, whereas under the warming treatment, drought decreased it. Furthermore, root traits of invasive species exhibited clear family level differentiation. Poaceae adopted an expansion strategy by increasing root length and root surface area under warming treatment, Amaranthaceae exhibited a contraction strategy by reducing root investment under drought treatment, and Asteraceae displayed an efficient strategy with increased specific root length under drought treatment. Except for the biomass proportion of Amaranthaceae, no significant interactive effects were found for most other parameters, indicating that the combined effects of warming and drought were primarily additive. Our results revealed that warm, dry climates influence invasive plants in a taxon-specific manner, with different families employing distinct root trait adjustment strategies in response to environmental stress. These findings highlight the importance of family level comparative studies for predicting invasion dynamics and developing targeted management strategies for future climate scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid41977728,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, C and Wang, L and He, L and Li, X and Liu, W and Lin, C and Miao, W},
title = {Differential Roles of Circular RNAs and Their Homologous Linear RNAs in Hevea brasiliensis Immunity Against Erysiphe quercicola.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {41977728},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Hevea brasiliensis (H. brasiliensis) is the principal source of natural rubber, but its productivity is severely threatened by powdery mildew caused by the biotrophic fungus Erysiphe quercicola (E. quercicola). Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in plant stress responses, their functions in H. brasiliensis immunity remain largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to systematically characterize circRNAs involved in the early immune response of H. brasiliensis to E. quercicola. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses identified 52 and 177 differentially expressed circRNAs (HbcircRNAs) at 1 and 3 days post-inoculation, respectively. Twelve HbcircRNAs with significant expression changes were validated, and nine were confirmed as true circRNAs. Functional assays using spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) in H. brasiliensis leaves and heterologous overexpression in the Arabidopsis thaliana eds1 mutant, which is susceptible to E. quercicola, revealed that HbcircARF3, HbcircSCSA1, and HbcircARFGAP8, together with their homologous linear counterparts (HbLinearRNAs), exert distinct regulatory effects on disease resistance. Silencing of these HbcircRNAs enhanced host immunity, whereas overexpression increased susceptibility. Pathway analyses suggested their involvement in auxin signaling, mitochondrial energy metabolism and vesicle trafficking. Collectively, our findings uncover the differential regulatory roles of circular and linear RNAs in the H. brasiliensis-E. quercicola interaction, providing mechanistic insights and potential molecular targets for breeding disease-resistant H. brasiliensis.},
}
@article {pmid41977731,
year = {2026},
author = {Wen, Z and Yan, N and Guo, X and Liu, Q and Chen, J},
title = {Paenibacillus polymyxa 29-Y2: A Promising Endophytic Biocontrol Agent Against Wheat Common Bunt Caused by Tilletia foetida.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {41977731},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {32360659//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024B02007-2//Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {Wheat common bunt, caused by Tilletia foetida Liro, is a devastating disease in wheat production. In this study, the antagonistic endophytic bacteria 29-Y2 were screened based on the germination rate of teliospore and the control effect of wheat common bunt. During primary screening, 29-Y2 had the best performance, with a 96.73% inhibition on TFL spore germination. In the deep screening, the control effect of 29-Y2 on wheat common bunt was 66.12% in pots. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and molecular biological identification, the antagonist 29-Y2 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa. The antagonist 29-Y2 promoted the germination rate of wheat seeds and the growth of wheat seedlings at a solution dilution of 10[-5] cfu/mL. In different field trials, the antagonists 29-Y2 both had better control efficiencies of 62.31% and 67.62% for wheat common bunt. In order to further promote the inhibition activities of 29-Y2, the optimal culture condition was 11.1 g/L of glucose, 20 g/L of yeast extract powder, 3.8 g/L of soybean pepyone and 10 g/L of NaCl based on the response surface methodology; the liquid loading volume was 15 mL, of which the inoculant amount accounted for 2%, the pH was 6.8, the temperature was 30 °C and the rotation speed was 186 r/min for 26 h. When the fermentation broth obtained under these cultivation conditions was diluted 10,000 times, the inhibition rate of TFL teliospore germination could reach 80.32%. The fermentation broth control effect in pots improved from 57.77% to 84.17%. It was a promising endophytic bacterium for the prevention and control of wheat common bunt.},
}
@article {pmid41978955,
year = {2026},
author = {Lin, H and Huang, SB and Liu, ZX and Huang, HJ and Chen, HY},
title = {First report of the invasive mealybug Ferrisia dasylirii (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from China based on integrated taxonomy.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1017/S000748532610100X},
pmid = {41978955},
issn = {1475-2670},
abstract = {Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous mealybug species and native to North America, but has spread to Asia and Africa. In this study, we report F. dasylirii for the first time from China using an integrated taxonomy approach combining morphological characters and molecular analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene. It was found on 12 tropical fruit species in Hainan Province: Annonaceae: Annona squamosa L. and A. squamosa 'Purple'; Myrtaceae: Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. and Psidium guajava L.; Malvaceae: Theobroma cacao Linn.; Lecythidaceae: Lecythis pisonis Cambess.; Sapotaceae: Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni and P. sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore &amp; Stearn; Rubiaceae: Coffea liberica W. Bull ex Hiern; Cunoniaceae: Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell; Arecaceae: Areca catechu Linn.; Musaceae: Musa nana Lour.; Malpighiaceae: Malpighia emarginata Sesse &amp; Noc.ex DC.; and Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus emblica Linn. This record increases the known geographic range of F. dasylirii and underscores the importance of combined morphological and molecular approaches for accurate mealybug identification.},
}
@article {pmid41979238,
year = {2026},
author = {Ouni, A and Rhim, A and M'Ghirbi, Y and Schaffner, F and Bouattour, A},
title = {The mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Tunisia: updated checklist and new distribution data.},
journal = {Parasite (Paris, France)},
volume = {33},
number = {},
pages = {20},
doi = {10.1051/parasite/2026018},
pmid = {41979238},
issn = {1776-1042},
support = {Laboratory Viruses, Vectors and Hosts (LR20IPT02)//Institut Pasteur de Tunis/ ; LR20IPT02//Minist&#xe8;re de l'Enseignement Sup&#xe9;rieur, de la Recherche Scientifique et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Tunisia ; *Mosquito Vectors/classification/physiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Culicidae/classification/physiology ; Checklist ; Anopheles/classification ; *Animal Distribution ; Malaria/transmission ; Aedes ; },
abstract = {In the context of climate change and rapid environmental changes in the Mediterranean basin, accurate and up-to-date mosquito distribution data are essential to support the control of mosquito-borne diseases, which remain a major public health concern. Here, we report the results of intermittent, nationwide, cross-sectional mosquito sampling missions conducted in Tunisia between 2013 and 2023 to update the Culicidae checklist and document current species distribution of species. A total of 35 species were collected, compared with 49 species previously reported in the Tunisian literature. The primary malaria vectors Anopheles labranchiae and An. claviger sensu stricto were still recorded in the north, while An. multicolor and An. sergentii were found in the south, indicating that vigilance remains necessary following malaria elimination. The most abundant and widespread species were Aedes caspius, Ae. detritus, Culex perexiguus and Cx. pipiens. The latter two are recognised as vectors of pathogens such as West Nile virus and therefore require sustained surveillance. Several mosquito species previously reported in the literature were not detected during our surveys. The invasive species Ae. Albopictus, recently established in Tunisia, requires particular monitoring due to its spread to several regions of the country.},
}
@article {pmid41635108,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, S and Sun, L and Du, L and Zhang, X and Zhang, M and Turlings, TCJ and Hu, X and Li, Y},
title = {The native rice leaf folder can enhance rice resistance against the invasive fall armyworm by inducing the jasmonate-mediated tryptophan metabolism pathway.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {5},
pages = {5026-5039},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70615},
pmid = {41635108},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {251111521000//International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Henan Province, China/ ; 32330088//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32120103009//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Oxylipins/metabolism ; *Cyclopentanes/metabolism ; Animals ; *Oryza/metabolism/physiology/parasitology ; *Tryptophan/metabolism ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Herbivory ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Spodoptera/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Plant Defense Against Herbivory ; Acetates ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The fall armyworm (FAW), as a destructive invasive pest, poses a serious threat not only to maize production, but also to rice yield in Asia. Understanding plant-mediated impacts of native insects on invasive counterparts is important to assess the consequences of biological invasions. Yet it remains unclear whether infestation by native pests such as the rice leaf folder (RLF) can enhance rice resistance, thereby limiting the FAW's capacity to invade paddies and preventing it from becoming a serious rice pest.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we found that pre-infestation by either the native RLF or FAW itself induces defenses and significantly reduces the performance of subsequently feeding FAW larvae. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both herbivores activate the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Consistently, exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application enhanced rice resistance to FAW, whereas inhibition of JA biosynthesis attenuated RLF-induced resistance. Metabolomic profiling showed that herbivory induced the tryptophan metabolic pathway, leading to the accumulation of defensive tryptophan-derived metabolites. Feeding assays confirmed that these metabolites, particularly tryptamine and 5-methoxyindoleacetate, significantly suppressed FAW larval growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The key role of JA-tryptophan defense was further validated by exogenous application of MeJA, which upregulated the tryptophan pathway and increased defense metabolite accumulation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal a potential mechanism whereby native herbivore attack induces the jasmonate and tryptophan metabolic pathways, thereby enhancing rice resistance to the invasive FAW. This provides mechanistic evidence for plant-mediated biotic resistance and identifies the JA pathway and tryptophan-derived metabolites as targets for sustainable pest management. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41967044,
year = {2026},
author = {Siderhurst, MS and Sim, SB and Dzurisin, JDK and Brewer, FK and Miyashiro, J and Chun, SG and Miller, ND and Yoder, TJ and Hurst, AL and Corpuz, RL and Curbelo, KM and Gayle, S},
title = {An interdisciplinary approach to investigating an invasive insect pest: tracking, phenology, and genetics of the Queensland longhorn beetle, Acalolepta aesthetica (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae).},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jisesa/ieag033},
pmid = {41967044},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {2040-22430-028-000-D//U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service/ ; 2040-22430-027-000-D//Development of New and Improved Surveillance, Detection, Control, and Management Technologies for Fruit Flies and Invasive Pests of Tropical and Subtropical Crops/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/genetics/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Queensland ; *Animal Distribution ; Hawaii ; Male ; Female ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The Queensland longhorn beetle (QLB), Acalolepta aesthetica (Olliff), was first detected in the Puna District of Hawai'i Island in 2009 and has since been observed to attack high value specialty crops such as cacao (Theobroma cacao), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), and citrus (Citrus spp.), as well as the culturally important kukui, Aleurites moluccanus. Endemic to the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales, QLB had no pest status before introduction into Hawai'i. To address the lack of basic biological data on QLB, we conducted four pilot experiments to support pest management efforts. These included sequencing the CO1 region of the mitochondrial genome, observing beetle behavior in both a laboratory wind tunnel during scotophase and in the field using harmonic radar tracking, and obtaining QLB spatial distribution data through a citizen science web-based reporting application hosted by ArcGIS Online. Our results place QLB in a phylogenetic context, which will allow the development of diagnostic tools to differentiate QLB from other longhorn beetles. Behavioral observations suggest that QLB are largely sedentary, move mostly by walking with rare flights, and spend most of their time in trees. Citizen science reports suggest QLB populations are highest in May-July, beetle locations are largely restricted to elevations under 500 m, and population expansions are mostly occurring along the coast. These data combined can be applied to pest management efforts for this important and invasive agricultural pest. Further, we hope this interdisciplinary approach can serve as a framework for research response efforts to invasive insects generally.},
}
@article {pmid41970175,
year = {2026},
author = {Firmansyah, NE and Irmayanti, S and Faizah, AN and Sungkar, S and Winita, R},
title = {Mosquito environmental DNA metabarcoding dataset in water-holding containers in dengue fever-endemic areas of DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {112685},
pmid = {41970175},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {Elucidating the transmission dynamics of mosquitoes, facilitating identification of non-invasive species, employing non-visual approaches for larval detection, and integrating next-generation surveillance techniques are pivotal for developing robust and sustainable strategies to prevent dengue and other mosquito-borne diseases. Illumina-based high-throughput sequencing was used to identify the presence of Aedes aegypti in dry and rainy seasons. The other identified mosquito species included Ae. albopictus, Culex pipiens, Cx. nigripalpus, and Armigeres subalbatus. To our knowledge, this represents the first comprehensive application of aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques to characterize mosquito biodiversity in Indonesia. The raw sequencing data generated in this study have been deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under BioProject accession number PRJNA1248132. These datasets provide a valuable reference framework for future eDNA-based surveillance efforts and quantitative assessments of mosquito populations in Indonesia's aquatic habitats across different times and seasons.},
}
@article {pmid41970351,
year = {2026},
author = {Banerjee, P and Dey, G and Stewart, KA and Barnes, MA and Taharia, M and Seymour, M and Wang, CW and Sharma, RK and Maity, JP and Chen, CY},
title = {Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Effectively Detects Invasive Species, Pests, and Community Changes in Taiwan's Rice Fields.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e73339},
pmid = {41970351},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Rice fields represent man-made semi-aquatic wetlands primed for invasive pests. Monitoring rice field biodiversity using conventional methods, however, is time-consuming and laborious. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods can provide a fast and effective means to monitor rice field communities and inform management decisions. Our study provides proof-of-concept of rice field eDNA biodiversity assessments, with a focus on native and non-native pests across cultivation phases. We collected eDNA samples from locations in southern Taiwan rice fields during planting and harvesting time, employing eDNA metabarcoding (COI) to detect diverse taxonomic groups. We assigned 77 ASVs across all sites to animal taxa, 34 of which were identified to species. Overall, 18 species were designated as native or non-native (83.3% and 16.6%, respectively), including three major rice pests, Chilo suppressalis (native), Coptotermes formosanus (native), and Pomacea canaliculata (non-native). Cultivation status affected overall diversity, with higher species richness during planting compared to harvesting. No significant differences were observed between native/non-native taxa and between cultivation phases. Altogether, we detected a complex environment across trophic levels comprised of both native and non-native agricultural pests using limited sampling effort, demonstrating eDNA analysis as an efficient biomonitoring approach in rice agroecosystems with direct applications for pest, invasive species, and vector surveillance within Taiwan.},
}
@article {pmid41970356,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, Y and Zhang, X and Huang, L and Wang, Q},
title = {Microbial and Edaphic Responses to Invasion by Ageratina adenophora: Implications for Ecosystem Management.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e72983},
pmid = {41970356},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Ageratina adenophora is one of the most invasive and ecologically destructive plant species in southwestern China. Although its above-ground competitive strategies have been widely studied, less is known about how it alters below-ground soil processes and microbial communities that may in turn facilitate its spread. This study integrates both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and applies co-occurrence network analysis to characterize microbial responses to A. adenophora invasion. To assess the impact of A. adenophora on soil ecology, we compared soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities between invaded and non-invading sites. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic network analysis, we evaluated changes in microbial composition, abundance and interactions under invasion conditions. The soil moisture content was significantly reduced in areas populated with A. adenophora, especially in rC (58.84%) and nrC (65.55%), while the concentrations of NO3 [-]-N (especially in nrB, 221.52%) and NH4 [+]-N (especially in rD, 736.88%) were significantly elevated. The structure of the microbial community shifted markedly, with soil moisture and NH4 [+]-N identified as dominant factors shaping bacterial assemblages. Microorganisms that are significantly affected include Proteobacteria, Actinobacterota, and Acidobacteriota. These changes are likely to create favorable feedbacks that enhance A. adenophora's invasive success. Our findings reveal that A. adenophora not only competes above ground, but also modifies soil conditions and microbial networks to reinforce its invasion. By integrating rhizosphere-non-rhizosphere comparisons with microbial network analysis, this study provides a more detailed understanding of how A. adenophora alters soil microbial communities. These results emphasize the need to integrate soil microbial dynamics and nutrient feedbacks into the management of invasive species. Restoration strategies that regulate soil nitrogen levels and moisture may help suppress invader dominance and restore ecosystem function.},
}
@article {pmid41971818,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, H and Li, H and Huo, S and Yang, Z and Wu, F},
title = {Navigating tipping points: A complex systems framework for anticipating lake ecosystem collapse.},
journal = {Fundamental research},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {592-603},
pmid = {41971818},
issn = {2667-3258},
abstract = {Lake ecosystems are susceptible to catastrophic risks, characterized by abrupt and large-scale transitions that substantially degrade ecological integrity and compromise provision of essential ecosystem services. To better understand these risks, a systems science perspective is essential, one that captures the complexity, nonlinearity, and emergent properties inherent in lake ecosystem dynamics. In this review, we synthesize the current understanding of catastrophic risks in lake ecosystems through complex adaptive systems and emphasize the feedback loops, bifurcations, and tipping points that drive regime shifts and ecosystem reorganization. Advancements in early warning signals offer promise for proactive risk management. Temporal indicators, spatial patterns, and network-based metrics can foreshadow tipping points. However, their application requires context-specific validation, because lakes exhibit heterogeneous responses to stressors. Key drivers such as eutrophication, climate change, invasive species, and anthropogenic-driven land use change interact synergistically, exacerbating systemic risks. Effective management requires resilience-building strategies, including adaptive governance, nutrient control, and restoration of buffer mechanisms. We advocate integrating dynamic modeling with multiscale monitoring to refine and optimize interventions. Future research directions should focus on unifying empirical data with theoretical frameworks, increasing the reliability of early warning signals, addressing the cascading effects of global change, and the application of artificial intelligence in monitoring and early warning. By integrating systems theory with applied limnology, this review helps guide research and policy efforts toward mitigating catastrophic risks in lake ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41972532,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhou, H and Zou, M and Zhou, Z and Li, C},
title = {Toxicity Effects and Mechanism of Chemical Stress on Pomacea canaliculata.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15070529},
pmid = {41972532},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Pomacea canaliculata, as a significant invasive alien species, poses severe threats to agricultural development. Currently, chemical applications demonstrate notable efficacy in controlling this pest. However, metaldehyde exhibits overly singular toxicity towards P. canaliculata; niclosamide sulfate is not a molluscicide; and fentin acetate is a fungicide. Currently, these findings fail to elucidate the physiological and biochemical effects of the compounds after they enter the P. canaliculata's body. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of metaldehyde (ME), niclosamide sulfate (NS), and fentin acetate (FA) against P. canaliculata and analyzed the morphological and physiological changes in response to chemical stress. The results indicated that three chemicals exhibited potent molluscicidal activity, especially in the NS treatment group. After 12 h exposure to LC50 concentrations (48 h LC50), the surface area of livers was reduced significantly by 12.1%, 13.9%, and 2.8% compared to the control group, while the kidneys expanded significantly by 6.4%, 3.2%, and 16.7%, respectively. The heart showed marked enlargement by 152.1% and 44.2% under niclosamide sulfate and metaldehyde treatments. The pulmonary sac significantly contracted by 23.6% under niclosamide sulfate stress but expanded by 6.1% under fentin acetate exposure. The stomach enlarged significantly after niclosamide sulfate treatment, whereas it shrank by 2.1% and 5.7% under metaldehyde and fentin acetate treatments, respectively. Metabolomic analysis of liver tissues revealed 553, 99, and 585 differential metabolites compared to the control group, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the metabolism pathway, lysine degradation, and bile secretion are likely related to the response to chemical stress in P. canaliculata. Further examination showed a significant decrease in total protein content and the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) under chemical stress. These findings enhance our understanding of the targeted mechanisms of molluscicides against P. canaliculata. Metaldehyde may exert neurotoxic effects on the P. canaliculata, while niclosamide sulfate may interfere with its respiratory system. Additionally, both chemicals affect metabolic pathways in the snail's liver, including lipid metabolism and metabolic pathways associated with energy metabolism. These findings provide valuable insights for designing a novel snail control agent and formulating scientific management strategy.},
}
@article {pmid41963791,
year = {2026},
author = {Zheng, J and Bai, X and Zhu, T and Li, A and Yan, J and Li, H and Qi, Z and Dai, S and Yan, X},
title = {Mitochondrial genome of the invasive weed Amaranthus palmeri: structural features, RNA editing, and evolutionary insights.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12870-026-08675-8},
pmid = {41963791},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {LY21C030008//the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, grant number/ ; G252409//the Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping &amp; City Appearance Administrative Bureau/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41965090,
year = {2026},
author = {Guo, Q and Qian, H and Qian, S},
title = {Links of ploidy with other traits and distributions of nonnative species in North American flora.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcag086},
pmid = {41965090},
issn = {1095-8290},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Polyploidization is becoming an increasingly important subject in ecology and invasion biology. To date, the role of polyploidy in the success of species invasions remains unclear. Here, we explore the associations between ploidy levels and seed size, reproductive mode, life form, time after introduction, and range size of nonnative plants introduced to North America (NAM), as well as whether polyploidization is related to invasion success.<br><br>METHODS: Using data on 1,804 nonnative plant species in continental North America, with information on chromosome numbers, we conduct comparative, correlation and regression analyses to investigate the possible links among ploidy level, multiple life history traits, and geographical distribution.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Among the 1,804 species, 54% were polyploids. The proportion of plants with three or more levels of ploidy was much higher in herbaceous species than in woody species. Species in aquatic, forb, and graminoid forms had higher proportions of species that exhibit multiple ploidy levels than trees and shrubs. Range size was also positively related to levels of ploidy. We also observed clear differences in seed size among ploidy levels, but no correlation between chromosome number and seed size.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that (1) polyploidy is linked to other life history traits at varying degrees or intensities and (2) the level of ploidy appears to be important in regulating plant traits and distribution. The relationships of levels of ploidy with other traits and range size are useful in predicting species invasiveness and spread potential. Our findings thus have strong implications for invasion biology and management.},
}
@article {pmid41965197,
year = {2026},
author = {Mauch, J and Teurlincx, S and Schwefel, R and Köhler, J and Kramer, L and Goldhammer, T and Hilt, S},
title = {Cyanobacteria bloom suppression by quagga mussels disappears with global warming.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {299},
number = {},
pages = {125887},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2026.125887},
pmid = {41965197},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Climate warming and biological invasions are global stressors that jointly influence harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwaters. Quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis), a major invasive species in the Northern Hemisphere, may suppress HABs, but this effect disappears above critical temperatures. The combined effects of these stressors remain poorly quantified. We used 10 years of monitoring data from a temperate lake, before and after quagga mussel invasion, to calibrate, parametrize and modify the ecosystem model PCLake+ and simulate combined effects of mussel invasions and warming on HABs. We tested whether (1) incorporating mussels into PCLake+ improves model performance and captures mussel-mediated HAB suppression, (2) suppression is lost under future climate projections, and (3) strong nutrient reduction is required to compensate. Including mussels substantially improved post-invasion model performance, reducing RMSE by 25% for chlorophyll a and 67% for cyanobacteria biomass. After invasion, summer cyanochlorophyll concentrations declined by 40% under ambient conditions. Under moderate warming (RCP 4.5 and 2.6), HAB suppression persisted. However, it was lost when epilimnion temperature increased by ∼2.6 °C in the unmitigated scenario (RCP 8.5) by 2100, causing a fivefold increase in cyanochlorophyll and 50% of summer days exceeding WHO bathing water thresholds. Mussel filtration collapse increasingly drove HAB resurgence with rising temperature under RCP 8.5. External nutrient load reductions of 90% were required to prevent HABs, securing recreational and drinking water safety. Positive ambient effects of quagga mussel invasions on HABs will be lost with future warming, highlighting the need for integrated local nutrient reduction and global climate mitigation.},
}
@article {pmid41967010,
year = {2026},
author = {Galloway, KA and Crum, ZS and Bressman, NR},
title = {Morphological relationships of pectoral and dorsal spines of invasive blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, over ontogeny.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icag021},
pmid = {41967010},
issn = {1557-7023},
abstract = {Blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, are an invasive species in the Chesapeake Bay region, known to be opportunistic predators that overlap in habitat with many valuable commercial and recreational native species. The goal of this study was to document dorsal and pectoral spine morphology over ontogeny (ranging in size from 107- 1054mm) of this species, and to hypothesize form/function relationships from these data. Fish (n = 36) were collected from the Nanticoke River watershed. Spine length and sharpness were measured for dorsal and pectoral spines, and serration density was documented for pectoral spines. As fish size increases, spine sharpness declines which indicates significant dulling of spines over ontogeny. Spine length exhibits negative allometry with respect to overall fish size, indicating that spine length does increase over ontogeny but at a slower rate than overall body size. By better understanding the full life history of I. furcatus, we can improve management and eradication efforts of this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41955794,
year = {2026},
author = {Pinochet, J and Barrios-Figueroa, R and Jorquera, E and Molina-Valdivia, V and Lagos-Oróstica, M and Urbina, MA and Brante, A},
title = {Physiological tolerance and predator-mediated resistance as critical factors influencing the invasion success in two solitary ascidians.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {218},
number = {},
pages = {108044},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108044},
pmid = {41955794},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Understanding the mechanisms that determine invasion success requires evaluating both abiotic constraints and biotic interactions acting on introduced species. In this study we analyzed the role of environmental filtering, understood as the capacity of organisms to tolerate physical conditions such as temperature and oxygen availability, and biotic resistance, defined as the effects of native consumers in limiting establishment. These processes were evaluated in two solitary ascidians, Corella eumyota (Phlebobranchia: Corellidae) and Asterocarpa humilis (Stolidobranchia: Styelidae), collected from settlement plates deployed at approximately 1 m depth in Coliumo Bay (36°32'S, 72°56'W), central Chile. Both species exhibited broad thermal tolerance, maintaining survival between 12 and 20 °C, tolerating cooling to 4 °C, and showing mortality at 24 °C. They also displayed high resistance to hypoxic conditions, with critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) values of 0.64 ± 0.35 kPa for Corella eumyota and 2.01 ± 0.74 kPa for Asterocarpa humilis, indicating physiological capacity to persist in low oxygen environments. Predation assays conducted with native consumers observed in the plates revealed contrasting effects, as the crab Romaleon setosum consumed a high proportion of individuals, whereas the fish Hypsoblennius sordidus showed limited consumption. Adult ascidians were used in the experiments, allowing the assessment of local consumers to prey on settled organisms rather than early life stages. Overall, the results indicate that invasion success in these ascidians emerges from the combined action of broad physiological tolerance that enables persistence under broad environmental conditions and context dependent biotic resistance that may limit their expansion into adjacent natural habitats.},
}
@article {pmid41959655,
year = {2026},
author = {Pascual-Díaz, JP and López-Pujol, J and Nualart, N and Garcia, S and Vitales, D},
title = {The impact of the invasive Kalanchoe × houghtonii on vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium species.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {plag016},
pmid = {41959655},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {Invasive alien plant species threaten biodiversity, especially in ecologically rich regions such as the Mediterranean Basin. Coastal communities, which host many endemic taxa, are among the most affected. One such invasive taxon is Kalanchoe × houghtonii, an allegedly artificial hybrid that, despite strong invasive potential, remains largely unrecognized as a taxon of concern in Mediterranean countries. In this study, we assess its impact on the Habitat of Community Interest 'Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.' at two sites along the southern coast of Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). We conducted fieldwork to document population size, growth stages, and spatial overlap with native species. Our results show that K. × houghtonii form dense monospecific patches that apparently compete for space with two native Limonium species in southern Catalonia. We also gathered 723 iNaturalist occurrences of K. × houghtonii to map its Mediterranean distribution, confirming the presence of this taxon in 107 Natura 2000 protected sites, 58 of them within this specific protected coastal habitat. Niche modelling indicates high climatic suitability of K. × houghtonii across Mediterranean Natura 2000 sites containing this particular habitat, as well as substantial overlap with Mediterranean Limonium spp. occurrences obtained from iNaturalist. These findings highlight the invasive potential of K. × houghtonii and support its inclusion in national catalogues of invasive species across Mediterranean countries, calling for systematic monitoring of its spread and ecological impacts.},
}
@article {pmid41960345,
year = {2026},
author = {Salvador, J and Guselli, L and Yeat, R and Lay, S and Thol, T and Ya, N and Feufack-Donfack, L and Heng, S and Bohaud, C and Orban, A and Baldor, L and Tat, B and Chitnis, C and Cantaert, T and Popovici, J},
title = {Accessing invasion-competent Plasmodium vivax merozoites reveals antibody-dependent NK cell activation.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-9011486/v1},
pmid = {41960345},
issn = {2693-5015},
abstract = {Malaria pathogenesis and clinical symptoms arise from blood-stage replication of Plasmodium parasites, which depends on rapid invasion of red blood cell by merozoites. Despite the central importance of this stage, direct functional studies of Plasmodium vivax merozoites have been severely limited by the lack of continuous in vitro culture and the inability to routinely access viable, invasion-competent merozoites from clinical isolates. Consequently, key aspects of P. vivax merozoite biology and immune recognition remain poorly defined. Here, we establish a robust platform that enables synchronized release and high-yield isolation of invasion-competent P. vivax merozoites directly from ex vivo cultures. Reversible inhibition of parasite egress using the cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor ML10 allows precise synchronization at the segmented schizont stage, followed by rapid mechanical liberation of merozoites using a liposome-based extrusion approach. This workflow yields highly pure merozoites with recovery rates exceeding 75% while preserving structural integrity and invasive capacity. Leveraging this platform, we provide direct functional evidence that antibody opsonized P. vivax merozoites activate human natural killer cells consistent with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mechanisms. Together, this study overcomes a long-standing technical barrier and enables direct investigation of P. vivax merozoite invasion biology and immune effector responses.},
}
@article {pmid41961178,
year = {2026},
author = {Liang, J and Wang, M and Shao, X and Yu, S and Liu, Q and Wang, C and Gao, Y},
title = {Contrasting zooplankton communities in coastal rivers of eastern and western Guangdong, China: relationships with environmental factors.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41961178},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {2019XT07 and 2019XT0701//the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund/ ; },
mesh = {*Zooplankton/classification/growth &amp; development ; China ; Animals ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Rivers/chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Salinity ; Phosphorus/analysis ; },
abstract = {This study compared zooplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in coastal rivers of eastern and western Guangdong, based on a survey of 18 sampling sites across nine rivers in March 2021. The study found significant differences in key environmental parameters (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen) between the rivers in eastern and western Guangdong. However, no corresponding geographical pattern was detected in the α-diversity indices of the zooplankton communities. Notably, zooplankton diversity in western Guangdong rivers was significantly positively correlated with salinity and total phosphorus (TP), with the Pielou evenness index showing particular sensitivity to TP. Self-organizing map (SOM) analysis demonstrated distinct geographical clustering patterns in zooplankton communities between the two regions. Furthermore, the random forest model identified 15 bioindicators whose abundances were closely associated with environmental factors such as water temperature and nutrient levels. According to the study, industrial pollution and hydrological regulation are the primary factors affecting rivers in eastern Guangdong, while agricultural non-point source pollution plays a more significant role in western Guangdong. These findings highlight potential associations between abiotic factors, human activities, and zooplankton communities, providing insights into the differential regulatory mechanisms that may operate in these systems.},
}
@article {pmid41820030,
year = {2026},
author = {Nickles, GR and Stokes, CK and Narh, DL and Lynn, KMT and Fuqua, SR and Bryan, C and Allen, BM and Bivins, CP and Woo Bok, J and Brewer, JS and Buthelezi, ST and Clark, JPRM and Coon, KL and Corby, LR and Coetzee, MPA and Dewing, C and Duong, TA and Harris, MA and Keller, NP and Kopotsa, K and Lane, FA and Nichols, HL and Nieuwoudt, A and Nuñez, MA and Medina Munoz, ME and Park, SC and Pham, NQ and Ryan, KT and Solís, M and Vilgalys, R and Wallace, JM and Wang, YW and Wingfield, BD and Wingfield, MJ and Worley, TK and Zallek, TA and Zamanian, M and Hoeksema, JD and Drott, MT and Pringle, A},
title = {Equipped for success: genomes and metabolomes of the European Amanita muscaria are conserved in its novel South African range.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {250},
number = {3},
pages = {1863-1883},
doi = {10.1111/nph.71064},
pmid = {41820030},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {1953299//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {South Africa ; *Amanita/genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; *Genome, Fungal/genetics ; *Metabolome/genetics ; Europe ; Multigene Family ; Animals ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Plants and soils have been moved around the world for centuries, but invasive mushrooms receive scant attention. The Amanita muscaria species complex was introduced to South Africa in the context of forestry, but its origins, ecology and recent evolution are unstudied. We sequenced the genomes of 24 Northern and Southern Hemisphere A. muscaria, built phylogenies and reconstructed its South African history. We identified the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding specialized metabolites (SMs). We subsequently extracted mushrooms' metabolites and used mass spectrometry data to group SMs into unique molecular families (MFs). We tested metabolites for bioactivity against diverse microbes and animals. We identify Europe as the origin of South African A. muscaria. A highly conserved group of BGCs is found in nearly all European and African genomes, and only 13 of 273 MFs are unique to South Africa. Metabolites extracted from all mushrooms kill nematodes, while microbes and flies appear unaffected. The nearly global distribution of the fly agaric results from multiple introductions of a single European clade to the Southern Hemisphere. Despite its long history in South Africa, the fungus has not lost any of its BGCs, suggesting a conservation of function(s) across multiple continents.},
}
@article {pmid41890108,
year = {2026},
author = {Weber, AA and Uthanumallian, K and Kocot, KM and Giulio, M and Signorini, SG and Senut, MC and Chen, Z and Sigwart, JD and Passamaneck, Y},
title = {Dynamic genomes uncover opposite sex determination in the invasive quagga and zebra mussels.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41890108},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Sex determination (SD) in zebra and quagga mussels, two globally invasive freshwater bivalves responsible for major ecological and economic impacts, has remained unexplored. Using chromosome-scale genomes and whole-genome resequencing of 80 individuals, we uncover strikingly different SD architectures: zebra mussels exhibit a polygenic ZZ ZW system, with FoxL2 among the prominent female-associated candidates. In contrast, quagga mussels carry a highly localized ~800 kb XX XY SD region containing FoxL2-Y, a novel candidate male-determining locus that arose through duplication and divergence of FoxL2. K-mer analyses and staged embryonic transcriptomes reveal rare but specific FoxL2-Y expression consistent with an early regulatory role in male determination. The quagga mussel SD region is also enriched for C-lectins, a gene family implicated in gamete-interaction processes, supporting a model in which haploid selection facilitated SD turnover. These findings reveal unexpected SD divergence between closely related species and illuminate mechanisms enabling rapid evolution of reproductive systems in invasive taxa.},
}
@article {pmid41952059,
year = {2026},
author = {Chang, JY and Yang, CS and Tay, JW},
title = {Alginate hydrogel baits deliver potential biocontrol agent Pheidole megacephala virus 3 (Picornavirales) to invasive P. megacephala (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and reduce worker survival.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70791},
pmid = {41952059},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project/ ; NR233A750011G023//USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Innovation Grant Program/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), the African big-headed ant, is one of the most significant invasive species and has become dominant in disturbed environments worldwide. Its presence poses serious threats to agriculture and biodiversity, highlighting the need for innovative and sustainable pest management strategies. One promising direction is the use of positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses as biocontrol agents. This study investigates a novel control approach by integrating Pheidole megacephala virus 3 (PmV3), a member of Picornavirales, into alginate hydrogel as a viral delivery system for P. megacephala.<br><br>RESULTS: Alginate hydrogel effectively served as a stable and environmentally friendly carrier, enabling controlled release of +ssRNA viruses over time. Despite replication occurring primarily in worker ants, PmV3 infections were detected in queens and brood by Day 17 after inoculation, indicating successful colony-level viral transmission. Reverse-transcription RT-PCR confirmed viral presence and tagged RT-PCR verified active replication within workers. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed significantly reduced worker ant survival in four of 10 treated colonies, demonstrating measurable pathogenic effects of the viral treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the successful incorporation and delivery of +ssRNA viruses using alginate hydrogels and provides clear evidence of viral transmission, replication and colony-level impacts in P.&#x2009;megacephala. These findings highlight the potential of virus-loaded hydrogels as a promising, environmentally friendly tool for developing biologically based control strategies against invasive P.&#x2009;megacephala populations. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41953773,
year = {2026},
author = {Carlen, EJ and Miles, LS and Aviles-Rodriguez, K and Booth, W},
title = {A Beginner's How-To Guide to Urban Population Genetics and Genomics.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e73372},
pmid = {41953773},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Urbanization is one of the most significant drivers of environmental change, shaping the ecological and evolutionary processes of plants and animals. Understanding how species evolve in urban landscapes requires integrating population genetics and genomics with urban ecology. Thus, accessible guidance is necessary to facilitate interdisciplinary approaches for applying population genetic and genomic tools to understand the ecology and evolution of urban species. Here, we present a how-to guide with key concepts and methodologies for studying urban population genetics, including identifying genetic markers, choosing appropriate analytical tools, and applying spatial genetic modeling approaches. We emphasize practical applications to assess genetic diversity, population connectivity, and adaptation, relevant in the generation of management strategies for conservation, pest control, and assisted gene flow. By bridging the gap between population genomics and urban ecology, this guide aims to equip researchers, wildlife managers, and conservation practitioners with essential tools to study and manage urban populations. Strengthening collaborations between urban ecologists, pest management professionals, geneticists, and city planners will enhance our ability to develop sustainable cities that support biodiversity, mitigate urban pests and invasive species, and promote coexistence between urban development and nature.},
}
@article {pmid41954120,
year = {2026},
author = {Lane, BR and Wojan, C and Meehan, C and Kendig, AE and Holt, RD and Harmon, PF and Clay, K and Flory, SL and Goss, EM},
title = {Foliar pathogen epidemic slows decomposition of invasive plant litter.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {4},
pages = {e70374},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70374},
pmid = {41954120},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {2305753//National Science Foundation/ ; 2017-67013-26870//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; //University of Florida Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Leaves/microbiology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Poaceae/microbiology ; *Bipolaris/physiology ; },
abstract = {Decomposition of plant litter, facilitated primarily by microbial decomposers, plays a critical role in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem function. The rate of litter decomposition can determine its environmental impact, where accelerated decomposition alters the timing and rate of nutrient release and may promote nutrient leaching, whereas slowed decomposition can result in litter accumulation, which impacts seedling recruitment, fire regimes, perennation of microbial communities, and slows nutrient release. Mutualistic endophytes are known to slow litter decomposition, but less is known about the impact that plant pathogens, present in diseased litter, have on decomposition rates. We compared litter decomposition of the invasive annual grass Microstegium vimineum with Bipolaris leaf spot symptoms, a fungal disease, to litter without symptoms of the disease in a year-long common garden experiment. We found leaf tissue with disease symptoms decomposed later in the year compared to litter without symptoms. By summer, 54% of leaf tissue from healthy sites remained compared to 80% of leaf material from diseased litter. Fungal infection did not impact the lignin or C:N content of the litter. There were significant differences in fungal community composition between infected and healthy litter at the start of the experiment that persisted until the end of summer. Disease epidemics prior to senescence contributed to the persistence of infected tissue, which could slow the return of nutrients to the environmental pool and promote the survival and dispersal of pathogen inoculum the following season.},
}
@article {pmid41500533,
year = {2026},
author = {Palmisano, JN and Farrell, TM and Harman, MEA and Walden, HDS and Hauck, H and Pushinsky, A and Brennan, M and Ossiboff, RJ},
title = {Discovery of Novel Definitive Hosts Broadens the Known Host Range of the Invasive Pentastome, Raillietiella orientalis, across Snakes, Lizards, and Chelonians.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {62},
number = {2},
pages = {445-451},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-25-00060},
pmid = {41500533},
issn = {1943-3700},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/parasitology ; *Snakes/parasitology ; *Pentastomida ; Introduced Species ; Florida/epidemiology ; Host Specificity ; *Parasitic Diseases, Animal/parasitology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Opportunistic examination of reptiles in the context of various research projects in Florida, USA identified infection with the pentastome Raillietiella orientalis in novel hosts, including free-ranging and captive animals. Free-ranging hosts included two species of invasive snakes (Boa constrictor and Python sebae), three native snakes (Thamnophis saurita, Lampropeltis elapsoides, and Micrurus fulvius), two invasive lizards (Anolis equestris and Basiliscus vittatus), and one native lizard (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus). The latter represents the first documented case of adult R. orientalis spillover into Florida's native lizards. Novel definitive non-indigenous hosts in captive settings were one lizard species (Pogona vitticeps) and one tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea). The documented Raillietiella infection in a tortoise not only represents a substantial host jump to include an additional order, the testudines, but it also demonstrates the pathogenic potential of the parasite in tortoises. Developing effective biosecurity strategies is essential for safeguarding both captive and wild herpetofauna from continued R. orientalis spillover, especially in regions with proximity to and trade with Florida.},
}
@article {pmid41748647,
year = {2026},
author = {Santoianni, LA and Barni, E and Bouvet, D and Carranza, ML and Celesti-Grapow, L and Citterio, S and Cogoni, A and Finizio, M and Gentili, R and Lozano, V and Martellos, S and Montagnani, C and Sebesta, N and Siniscalco, MC and Stanisci, A and Brundu, G},
title = {A dataset on invasive alien plants of European Union concern.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41748647},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; European Union ; *Plants/classification ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Italy ; },
abstract = {We present PREVALIEN, a dataset created under the project Prevention and Early Detection of the Invasive Alien Plants of European Union Concern in the Italian Protected Areas, an innovative tool supporting prevention and early detection of Invasive Alien Plants. Developed on PostgreSQL, it integrates ecological and spatial data from authoritative European and global sources. This dataset covers 41 vascular plant and algal species, with detailed information on taxonomy, traits, introduction pathways, impacts, and management strategies. Presence and absence records for Italians' protected areas were obtained from the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research databases and included only if collected within National Park boundaries. Data underwent expert verification, including cross-checking with risk assessments and consultation with park authorities. Structured into 34 relational tables, PREVALIEN supports multi-scale ecological analysis and the development of spatially explicit risk models. As an open-access resource, it fills critical data gaps, enhances national IAS monitoring, and provides a foundation for evidence-based policies and actions against biological invasions, strengthening protection of Europe's most vulnerable and biodiversity-rich landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid41771709,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, X and Simberloff, D and Huang, W},
title = {Nonnative forestry plantations: invasion epicenters?.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {41},
number = {4},
pages = {285-288},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2026.01.001},
pmid = {41771709},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Forestry/methods/economics ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Nonnative plantations offer economic benefits but increase the risk of biological invasions worldwide. This risk is primarily driven by frequent anthropogenic disturbances and autocatalytic processes that can lead to an invasion meltdown, creating hotspots that amplify ecological impacts. This underscores the urgent need to balance economic benefits with ecosystem sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid41946491,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, J and Yu, H and Liu, C},
title = {Phylogenetic relatedness may mediate the effects of increases and temporal pulses in nutrient supply on plant invasion in wetland mesocosms.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2068},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.3252},
pmid = {41946491},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Introduced Species ; *Phylogeny ; Biomass ; *Nutrients/metabolism ; Biodiversity ; *Plants ; },
abstract = {The fluctuating resource hypothesis posits that temporal variation in resource availability can facilitate plant invasion. However, invasion success under resource fluctuation is further constrained by the biotic resistance of resident communities, yet how native community attributes-particularly invader-native phylogenetic relatedness and native community diversity-mediate the effects of resource fluctuation remains unclear. We experimentally tested the effects of nutrient availability (constant and temporally pulsed), native species richness (1, 2 or 4 species) and invasive-native phylogenetic relatedness on plant invasion in wetland mesocosms. Five invasive species were introduced into 18 native species assemblages under four nutrient regimes: constant low, constant high, a single large pulse and multiple small pulses. Constant high nutrient supply significantly increased relative invasive biomass compared with constant low supply. A single large nutrient pulse produced effects similar to constant high nutrients, whereas multiple small pulses reduced invader relative biomass. Native species richness and its interaction with nutrient regimes had no significant effects on invasion. Importantly, nutrient effects depended on invasive-native phylogenetic relatedness: nutrient enrichment most strongly promoted invasion, and multiple small pulses most strongly suppressed invasion when invaders were closely related to native species. These results demonstrate that phylogenetic relatedness mediates invasion responses to resource variability.},
}
@article {pmid41948126,
year = {2026},
author = {Negrete, K and Butler, R and Wallis, E and Magnani, E and Mcglynn, MB and McDonald, M and Alvarez, NJ and Tang, M},
title = {Preventing spread of the invasive spotted lanternfly via texture-based automated egg detection.},
journal = {Frontiers in insect science},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {1678964},
pmid = {41948126},
issn = {2673-8600},
abstract = {The invasive spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) threatens U.S. agriculture, particularly grape and tree fruit production. Early detection of egg masses is critical for limiting spread, yet current surveillance relies heavily on manual inspection, which is labor-intensive and difficult to scale. The lanternfly spreads primarily through human-assisted transport pathways, including trains, trucks, and freight infrastructure, enabling long-distance dispersal of egg masses. Here, we present a proof-of-concept automated image classification pipeline for SLF egg mass detection based exclusively on spatial texture features. Using a curated laboratory image dataset and descriptors including Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), GLDS (Gray Level Difference Statistics), and Hu and Zernike moments, we implemented a feature filtering and selection strategy to construct an interpretable, low-dimensional model. The final image-level screening classifier, a support vector machine with a radial basis function kernel trained on 12 selected features, achieved a mean Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.881 (SD 0.037) under 5-fold stratified cross-validation. Generalization performance was evaluated on a held-out test set using bootstrap resampling (1,000 iterations), yielding a mean MCC of 0.836 (SD 0.037; 95% CI: 0.761-0.904). This image-level proof-of-concept under controlled imaging demonstrates that low-cost, scalable, and interpretable texture-based computer vision approaches may provide reliable early detection of SLF egg masses, supporting human-in-the-loop surveillance efforts in high-risk transport corridors and improving cost and reliability over manual inspection workflows.},
}
@article {pmid41949124,
year = {2026},
author = {Koen, EL and Meliane, MK and Holmes, ZB and Miller, KE and Barichivich, WJ and Dedeban, E and Furst, A and Imeri, M and Niebanck, PE and Nunn, S and Pearson, K and Rita, N and Ryver, B and Shaffer, D and Walls, SC and Ellington, EH},
title = {How wildlife respond to tropical cyclones: short-term tactics and long-term impacts.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/brv.70166},
pmid = {41949124},
issn = {1469-185X},
abstract = {From butterflies to lizards and from sharks to seabirds, wildlife exhibit tactics to survive the impacts of tropical cyclones, also known as hurricanes, cyclones, or typhoons depending on where they occur. Some species seek refuge during the storm by moving, some remain in place and ride it out, and others move longer distances, avoiding the main impacts of the storm altogether. Tropical cyclones can have direct impacts on wildlife (e.g. mortality) but can also have indirect effects by altering resources and habitat, with downstream impacts on abundance and recruitment. Using examples from across taxa and ecosystems, we explore the pathways by which tropical cyclones can influence wildlife populations and communities. We describe tactics demonstrated by wildlife that enable them to survive the immediate impacts of the storm, as well as the longer-term impacts after the storm. We give examples of tropical cyclones as a selective pressure and as a facilitator for the introduction of invasive species. We also describe how tropical cyclones may provide a net benefit to some native species. The ecological and evolutionary impacts of tropical cyclones on wildlife can be complex, as they are often intertwined with concurrent pressures from land-use change, human development, and climate change. As the frequency of intense tropical cyclones is predicted to increase globally, identifying the mechanisms by which wildlife cope with such disturbances can aid in understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate change on wildlife.},
}
@article {pmid41950404,
year = {2026},
author = {MacDonald, MB and Mori, BA and Evenden, ML},
title = {From fields to landscapes: pheromone trapping and feeding damage of Sitona lineatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during range expansion in Canadian pulse crops.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvag027},
pmid = {41950404},
issn = {1938-2936},
mesh = {Animals ; *Weevils/physiology ; *Pheromones/pharmacology ; Alberta ; *Insect Control/methods ; Pisum sativum/growth &amp; development ; Vicia faba/growth &amp; development ; *Herbivory ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {The pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an invasive pest of field pea, Pisum sativum L. (Fabaceae), and faba bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) undergoing range expansion in Canada. Pheromone-baited pitfall traps were deployed across commercial field pea sites in major pulse-growing regions of Alberta, Canada to monitor adult populations and assess feeding damage on host plants. Trap capture of S. lineatus indicates that pheromone-baited traps can serve as a predictive monitoring tool for both range expansion and local feeding populations. This study is the first to demonstrate that pheromone-baited trap capture of S. lineatus predicts subsequent adult notching damage on field pea and next generation S. lineatus adults. Abiotic factors including temperature, humidity, and precipitation, influenced trap capture, and landscape composition and heterogeneity affected weevil abundance at multiple spatial scales. These findings highlight the combined effects of local crop characteristics, environmental conditions, and landscape-level dynamics in shaping S. lineatus populations. The study supports the use of pheromone-baited traps for monitoring of S. lineatus, providing critical information to guide integrated pest management strategies for S. lineatus in field pea and faba bean agroecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41950996,
year = {2026},
author = {Pottier, P and Kellermann, V and Noble, DWA and Sgrò, CM and Terblanche, JS and van Heerwaarden, B},
title = {Life cycle complexity drives variation in thermal tolerance and plasticity.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101523},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2026.101523},
pmid = {41950996},
issn = {2214-5753},
abstract = {Accumulating evidence suggests that heat tolerance varies substantially across insect development, yet patterns of variation remain difficult to generalise across species. We discuss how the diversity of insect developmental strategies shapes both the intensity and predictability of thermal environments across ontogeny, and how this likely generates variation in heat tolerance, plasticity, and carry-over effects. We hypothesise that large developmental variation is expected in holometabolous insects, and in species undergoing pronounced microhabitat or diel activity transitions. These transitions can modify heat exposure, behavioural thermoregulatory abilities, and the physiological or genetic regulatory network underlying heat tolerance, weakening correlations among life stages. We discuss when carry-over effects are likely to be adaptive, highlighting the importance of environmental predictability, ecological similarity among stages, and the balance between heat injury and repair. We argue that an ontogenetic perspective capturing the microenvironmental conditions experienced by each life stage is essential for predicting insect vulnerability to extreme heat.},
}
@article {pmid41942498,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, J and Li, S and Wang, Y and Zhong, S and Yang, C and Liao, Y and Yuewen, D and Wang, Q and Zheng, Z},
title = {A haplotype-resolved genome of Mytella strigata, a globally invasive marine bivalve.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-026-07174-7},
pmid = {41942498},
issn = {2052-4463},
abstract = {Mytella strigata, a bivalve mollusk native to the Atlantic coast of South America, has recently become a globally significant marine invasive species, posing serious threats to native ecosystems and aquaculture operations. Here, we report a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assembly of M. strigata (2n = 30), generated using high-fidelity (HiFi) long-read sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). Two haplotypes were independently assembled: haplotype 1 (Hap1) spans 692.37 Mb with a contig N50 of 6.93 Mb, and haplotype 2 (Hap2) spans 683.91 Mb with a contig N50 of 7.61 Mb. Both assemblies were anchored to 15 chromosomes, achieving anchoring rates of 93.84% (Hap1) and 97.08% (Hap2). Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis revealed high completeness, identifying 92.33% and 93.22% of expected single-copy orthologs in Hap1 and Hap2, respectively. We annotated 27,887 protein-coding genes and conducted analyses of gene functions. This high-quality genomic resource provides a foundation for investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying invasiveness and environmental adaptability in M. strigata.},
}
@article {pmid41944123,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Borges, PAV and Lhoumeau, S and Matthews, TJ and Liao, J},
title = {Divergent temporal dynamics of native and non-native insular arthropods in fragmented forests.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {4},
pages = {e70363},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70363},
pmid = {41944123},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {202401BF070001-027//Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects/ ; 202501AS070070//Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects/ ; U25A20637//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund/ ; 32271548//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund/ ; //EU Program ERASMUS/ ; //EU BIODIVERSA + project BioMonI/ ; M3.1.a/F/012/2022//Azorean Government/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Arthropods/physiology ; *Forests ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Time Factors ; Population Dynamics ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Non-native species introductions have caused biodiversity loss worldwide, yet it is unclear how temporal diversity patterns vary across native and non-native communities, and what mechanisms control their respective dynamics and assembly. Using a unique 12-year time series dataset of arthropods sampled in forest fragments on Terceira Island, we observed no systematic species losses but steady temporal β-diversity (Sørensen dissimilarity based on species presence-absence) for non-native, native endemic, and native non-endemic assemblages. However, native endemics and non-endemics showed an overall increasing trend in Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (incorporating species abundances), with many previously abundant native species becoming progressively rarer. By constructing neutral models, we accurately predicted temporal diversity patterns for non-natives but not for native endemics and non-endemics, displaying their divergent temporal dynamics. These results indicate that non-native assemblages are more consistent with stochastic source-sink mass effect dynamics, while neutral drift interacting with non-natives and/or environmental changes might drive native assemblage dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid41946070,
year = {2026},
author = {Blackman, LE and Mehdi, Q and Timshina, A and Bartoszek, IA and Miller, MA and Easterling, IC and Olejniczak, K and Aufmuth, J and Bowden, JA},
title = {Invasive Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) as sentinels for PFAS biomonitoring in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1029},
number = {},
pages = {181762},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181762},
pmid = {41946070},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The invasive Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is an optimal sentinel to monitor the presence and impact of chemicals of emerging concern in the Florida Everglades, a designated World Heritage Site. As a relatively long-lived apex predator, that is both a generalist and a holophagous consumer of prey, python tissue burdens can highlight the bioaccumulative potential of pollutants, reflecting what is present in the ecosystem. Further, as these invasive snakes are targeted for removal by the state, opportunistic sampling of this semi-aquatic apex predator reduces the need for handling of vulnerable native species. In this study, livers from 67 pythons, collected within or near the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, were monitored for 30 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Across all python livers, linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid was the most prominent PFAS by both frequency (93%) and concentration (median 89 ng/g dw). While no statistical difference was determined in PFAS concentrations in livers collected from pythons sampled from eastern and western sampling locations (surrounding the Everglades), a sex-based difference was observed. Overall, males had a statistically higher ∑PFAS concentration (p < 0.0001) when compared to females. Further, females tended to have lower ∑PFAS concentrations as they become longer and heavier, suggesting potential maternal transfer. The median ∑PFAS concentration was 111 ng/g dw, which exceeded that observed in livers collected from native apex predators, American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). As demonstrated herein, pythons represent an optimal sentinel for assessing the overall PFAS burden within the greater Everglades ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid40976042,
year = {2026},
author = {Bilbao, J and Pavloudi, C and Seoane, S},
title = {Unseen threat: Persistent picophytoplankton and harmful algae challenge ballast water management in major Spanish ports.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {118742},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118742},
pmid = {40976042},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Phytoplankton/classification/genetics ; Ships ; Spain ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Harmful Algal Bloom ; Introduced Species ; Biomass ; DNA, Environmental ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; },
abstract = {Ports are critical hubs for global trade, yet they are also significant hotspots for the unintentional introduction and dispersal of aquatic organisms, primarily via ballast water. While the International Maritime Organization's (IMO's) Ballast Water Management Convention aims to prevent the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens, this study reveals persistent shortcomings in its effectiveness, particularly concerning phytoplankton. The present research analyzed phytoplankton communities in three major Spanish ports (Algeciras, Bilbao, and Valencia) across three sampling campaigns in 2023. Employing a multi-method approach, including microscopy, HPLC pigment analysis, and eDNA metabarcoding, the study evaluated biosecurity risks and regulatory limitations. A key finding was the consistent dominance of picophytoplankton (<10 μm) in total biomass across all ports, averaging 86 % in Algeciras, 78 % in Bilbao, and 96 % in Valencia. However, despite their overwhelming abundance, ecological relevance and the potential of several of them for being harmful (e.g. Phaeocystis globosa), the IMO's D-2 Performance Standard explicitly excludes this size range from its discharge criteria. Additionally, 55 harmful algal species (36 toxin-producing, 19 high-biomass) were persistently identified in all three ports, highlighting another critical regulatory gap, as the current regulations lack specific discharge limits for harmful taxa. The study also revealed a significant mismatch between natural port phytoplankton concentrations and Ballast Water Management System certification testing conditions, with most samples not reaching required challenge levels. Thus, results underscore the urgent need to revise IMO standards, advocating for new discharge criteria for phytoplankton smaller than 10 μm and implementing taxon-specific regulations for harmful algae.},
}
@article {pmid41934261,
year = {2026},
author = {Leach, H and Wilson, JK},
title = {Spatial and temporal distribution of Xylosandrus germanus and Anisandrus maiche (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Michigan apple.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvag029},
pmid = {41934261},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {240000003455//Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Farm Innovation/ ; //Michigan Apple Committee/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Malus/growth &amp; development ; *Weevils/physiology ; Michigan ; *Animal Distribution ; Seasons ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are significant pests of stressed trees within apple orchards, boring into trees and introduce symbiotic fungi that cause continued stress, potential yield loss, and dieback. The invasive Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) has become increasingly problematic, while Anisandrus maiche (Kurentzov) is newly documented in this system. To optimize monitoring and understand beetle activity, we conducted trapping studies over 3 growing seasons in Michigan apple orchards. Bottle traps captured significantly more X. germanus and A. maiche than sticky v-traps and delta traps, and had the lowest proportion of non-target beetles (6.6%). Monitoring conducted from 2023 to 2025 showed X. germanus activity peaked between 102.4 and 273.3 (DD10ºC), while A. maiche peaked later between 961.2 and 1,102.9 DD10ºC. We found that trees with 6 or more boring holes from previous growing seasons were significantly more likely to experience continued infestation. Beetle captures were higher at orchard edges than in orchard interiors, and a similar pattern was observed for tree infestation intensity relative to distance from the nearest woodlot. These findings provide insight into the spatial and temporal dynamics of X. germanus and A. maiche in apple orchards and inform monitoring and management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41938809,
year = {2026},
author = {Andrade, R and Gabriel, R and Borges, PAV and Elias, RB},
title = {MOVECLIM-AZORES: plot based vascular plant cover along elevational gradients (2013).},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e178119},
pmid = {41938809},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the scope of the MOVECLIM project, in 2013, we surveyed vascular plants and their ground cover in native or better-preserved vegetation patches, following an elevational transect, on four Azorean islands (São Miguel, Terceira, Pico and Flores). Using a standardised, plot-based protocol, permanent 10 m × 10 m plots were established at approximately 200 m elevation steps, each plot subdivided into four 5 m × 5 m subplots. All vascular taxa were recorded per subplot and cover was assigned using the Braun-Blanquet Ordinal Transform Value (OTV), a scale based on a geometric series, that assigns a numeric value (1-9) to each Braun-Blanquet category.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: We established 58 permanent plots across the four Azorean islands, resulting in 232 event records at the subplot level (eventID) and 2,539 occurrence records (occurrenceID), spanning 58 families, 92 genera, 109 species and five subspecies of vascular plants. Amongst these taxa, 44 are Azorean endemics, 40 are native non-endemic and 30 are introduced (of which 17 are invasive). This study provides a baseline for long-term monitoring of native vegetation, assessment of invasive species and evaluation of native communities' responses to such pressures across islands with contrasting elevation ranges and disturbance histories.},
}
@article {pmid41939995,
year = {2026},
author = {Gao, L and Deng, JL and Liu, SN and Ma, YL},
title = {Early Assessment of the Invasiveness of the Alien Plant Vernonia amygdalina Del. Introduced in China.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e73420},
pmid = {41939995},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species have attracted widespread attention because of their ecological, economic, and social impacts. Vernonia amygdalina Del. (commonly known as bitter leaf) is a perennial shrub in the Asteraceae family, native to tropical Africa and widely recognized for its medicinal value. In recent years, this species has been reported sporadically in southern China, raising concerns about its potential to become invasive. Here, we assess the risk of invasion posed by V. amygdalina through synthesizing evidence on its taxonomic background, morphological and life-history traits, reproductive strategies, allelopathic effects, defense mechanisms, climate suitability, and human-mediated introduction and cultivation practices. Overall, the available evidence suggests that V. amygdalina may have substantial invasion potential, supported by high reproductive capacity, strong allelopathic effects, effective defense traits, and broad climatic tolerance. Moreover, current introduction and cultivation practices in southern China may further increase invasion risk by elevating propagule pressure. Preventive actions, including early detection, targeted monitoring, and surveillance systems will be important for managing this species and mitigating potential ecological threats. Our synthesis also highlights the value of assessing invasion risk before introducing non-native species.},
}
@article {pmid41940274,
year = {2026},
author = {Noël, S and Fourcade, Y and Roy, V and Gigon, A and Dupont, L},
title = {Experimental assessment of the predation pressure by the exotic flatworm Obama nungara in its introduced range.},
journal = {Current zoology},
volume = {72},
number = {1},
pages = {69-80},
pmid = {41940274},
issn = {1674-5507},
abstract = {Land planarians are carnivorous predators that feed mainly on soil macrofauna such as earthworms, gastropods, and other land planarians. Several land planarian species have become invasive worldwide and pose a threat to soil biodiversity. Among them, Obama nungara is one of the most abundant invasive species found in France. The aim of this study was to investigate the predation frequency, growth rate, and preferential predation of O. nungara using an experimental approach. O. nungara's predation was tested on 8 prey species found in its French-introduced area. Two types of experiments were carried out: single experiments, where one O. nungara was offered 3 prey items of the same species and mixed experiments, where one O. nungara was offered 3 prey items of different species at the same time. We showed that O. nungara feeds equally on earthworms, snails, and slugs and that they can also prey on another introduced land flatworm, native to Australia: Caenoplana variegata. This ability to prey on a wide variety of native prey and to thrive on a mixed or single diet demonstrates its opportunistic feeding behavior, a likely predominant factor in O. nungara's invasiveness. In addition, long-term observations of O. nungara specimens revealed that they can live up to 10 months, are able to shrink to survive starvation, and can produce egg capsules after several weeks in isolation, which may also positively influence their invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid41940994,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, S and Chen, F and Niu, L and Deng, Z and Wu, K and Li, W},
title = {Fine-scale mangrove species monitoring and ecological threshold assessment for coastal management in Quanzhou Bay, China.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41940994},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {2024-S-004//The Fuzhou Science and Technology Program/ ; KY-070000-04-2022-008//The Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources/ ; },
mesh = {China ; *Wetlands ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Bays ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Ecosystem ; Rhizophoraceae/growth &amp; development ; Satellite Imagery ; Avicennia/growth &amp; development ; Remote Sensing Technology ; },
abstract = {Reliable species-level monitoring of mangrove ecosystems is increasingly required for environmental assessment and regulatory decision-making, yet a methodological gap persists between remote sensing outputs and ecological risk evaluation. This study proposes an integrated assessment framework that links multi-sensor satellite imagery with ecological niche modeling to support precision monitoring and threshold-based management. Using Sentinel-2 and SPOT-6 data combined with an object-based U-Net model, we achieved high species-level classification accuracy (OA = 89.02%, Kappa = 0.82) for approximately 483.6 ha of mangroves in Quanzhou Bay, China. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) quantified key environmental thresholds, revealing a structured zonation scheme: Kandelia obovata prevails in highly productive, hydrologically connected zones (NDVI > 0.43; NDTI > 0.37), Aegiceras corniculatum persists in moderately stressed transitional habitats, while Avicennia marina exhibits critical niche compression, with occurrence probability sharply declining beyond approximately 200 m from tidal creeks. These quantified thresholds provide measurable indicators for ecological monitoring, enabling the early identification of vulnerable species and habitat degradation risks. By integrating species-level distribution mapping with quantified environmental thresholds, the proposed approach operationalizes remote sensing products into a tiered set of management-relevant indicators, including mangrove habitat extent, fine-scale species distribution patterns, and key environmental drivers of species zonation. These evaluation-ready metrics support targeted hydrological restoration, species-specific rehabilitation planning, and invasive species control. This framework demonstrates strong transferability for environmental condition assessment and adaptive monitoring in coastal wetlands under increasing anthropogenic pressure.},
}
@article {pmid41933875,
year = {2026},
author = {Sánchez, O and Robla, J and Arias, A},
title = {Exotic continental gastropods and emerging helminth Parasites: Insights from the Iberian Peninsula.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108600},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2026.108600},
pmid = {41933875},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {The introduction of exotic species has major impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, the economy, and public health. A less explored issue is the silent co-invasion of parasites associated with introduced species, often overlooked due to their low detectability. Among these, helminths (e.g., platyhelminths and nematodes) introduced with terrestrial and freshwater gastropods are especially important, given the adaptability and ease of transport and their capacity to act as intermediate hosts or vectors of many parasites capable of infecting humans. Using the Iberian Peninsula as an study example, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of all introduced continental gastropods and analysed their potential health risks by identifying helminth parasites for which these species could act as intermediate hosts or vectors. We recorded 47 exotic gastropod species, mostly snails (93.61%). Since the 1980 s, mollusc introduction records have risen sharply. Thirty-eight helminth parasites (capable of causing 19 different diseases) with potential of infecting humans are linked to 22 exotic gastropod species, especially freshwater taxa. Notably, both freshwater and terrestrial gastropods are associated with a similar number of diseases, including angiostrongyliasis and fascioliasis. Despite the current decline in malacological research activity in the region, new non-indigenous species continue to arrive, mainly via trade and human movement. These introductions pose increasing potential health risks, particularly from widespread yet poorly monitored species. Our results highlight the need for more taxonomic expertise, improved monitoring and prevention programs, parasite screening in introduced species populations, and updates to exotic species lists reflecting emerging bio-sanitary threats.},
}
@article {pmid41934254,
year = {2026},
author = {Eren, &#xd6; and Hierro, JL},
title = {Strong differentiation between ancestral populations from low and high elevation: Implications for invasion biology.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70184},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70184},
pmid = {41934254},
issn = {1537-2197},
support = {121Z928//T&#xdc;BITAK/ ; FEF-21010//Adnan Menderes &#xdc;niversitesi/ ; 47 CB//Universidad Nacional de La Pampa/ ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: The differentiation of native populations at regional scales may limit evolutionary inferences derived from comparisons between native and non-native populations in common gardens, but little is known about how native populations of invasive species vary along environmental gradients at a regional scale.<br><br>METHODS: We used a common garden to explore differentiation in several traits between ancestral populations of Centaurea solstitialis growing at low and high elevation in southwestern Anatolia, a region considered to be one of the sources that contributed to the global expansion of this species.<br><br>RESULTS: Population differentiation was strong for all studied traits. Populations from low elevation produced smaller seeds, emerged and grew faster, flowered earlier, produced smaller and more numerous capitula per plant, and had larger individuals than those from high elevation. However, seed production per individual in low-elevation populations was similar to that in high-elevation populations because the capitula in high-elevation populations produced more seeds. Most notably, the seed type bearing a pappus was more abundant in higher-elevation populations than lower, but the abundance of non-pappus seeds exhibited no differences between those populations (capitulum level) or decreased with elevation (individual level).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the need to consider intraspecific variation at regional scales within native ranges, when attempting to infer evolutionary consequences based on comparisons between native and non-native populations of invasive species. Furthermore, a strong inference of evolutionary change in non-native populations may require knowledge of interpopulation variation even within regions identified as donors of those populations.},
}
@article {pmid41932928,
year = {2026},
author = {Aslam, S and Chan, MWH and Oskars, TR and Christa, G and Dreesmann, J and Dekker, H and Wang, YS},
title = {Biodiversity of natural versus planted mangrove forests across latitudes in Guangdong China with seven new records and potential new species.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-38032-6},
pmid = {41932928},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2017FY100700//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; U1901211, 41876126//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; XDA23050200//Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (the Beautiful China Ecological Civilization Construction Science and Technology Project)/ ; },
abstract = {Mangrove ecosystems in Guangdong Province, China, are vital for their ecological services and biodiversity, yet comprehensive assessments of their species diversity remain limited. A biodiversity survey conducted during the months of July to August 2024 by random sampling using quadrates to assess biodiversity, species richness, and abundance as well as to evaluate species relationships with reference to the usage of mangroves area and mangrove species in the eight stations Shantou, Huiyang, Zhuhai, Huidong (Planted mangroves at higher latitudes 22-23N of non-pristine areas) Yangjiang, Lianjiang, Leizhou, and Xuwen (natural mangrove forests at lower latitudes 20-21N of pristine areas) of Guangdong's mangrove forests. A total of 87 species (overall diversity) with eight phyla were identified, with Mollusca being the most abundant (41 species, including 28 gastropods), followed by Arthropoda (32 species) and Chordata (4 species). Seven species-Bakawan rotundata, Bakawan puti, Haloa wallisii, Platytrombidium sp., Heterocerus sp., Trichoniscus pygmaeus and SHSY140711-were recorded for the first time in China. Penthalodidae sp., key characters do not fit the diagnosis of any of its genera, represent a potential new genus in the family Penthalodidae. The brief taxonomic description for Haloa wallisii and Bakawan puti is recorded here to avoid misidentification with related species. Spatial analysis revealed Yangjiang with the highest number of specimens (N = 318), while Shantou had the lowest number of specimens (N = 25). A clear difference in biodiversity gradient was observed between natural (high biodiversity) and planted (low biodiversity) mangrove forests at pristine versus non-pristine areas, respectively. A same trend has been observed for latitudinal gradient from lower 20-21N (high biodiversity) to higher 22-23N (low biodiversity). Cluster and beta-diversity analyses highlighted distinct ecological zones, with Yangjiang, Leizhou, Xuwen, and Lianjiang exhibiting high species turnover. Analysis of species collection relative to mangrove plant species revealed that the highest proportion of organisms (30%) were found in association with Avicennia marina, while the lowest (2%) were associated with Bruguiera gymnorhiza. Over 60% of species were free-living, underscoring the ecosystem's ecological integrity, while invasive species accounted for only 1%. This research directly aligns with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14, "Life below water" (Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development) and 15 "Life on land". However, this research is also strongly supportive in achieving other SDGs such as (12. Sustainable consumption and production, 13. Climate action, 17. Partnerships for the goal). These findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation strategies, particularly in high-diversity areas, to mitigate anthropogenic threats and sustain mangrove biodiversity. The results of this study help China's target of protecting 30 percent of the planet's land and oceans by 2030 and provided a critical baseline for future monitoring and management efforts for biodiversity in Guangdong's mangrove ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41927645,
year = {2026},
author = {Lin, JR and Zhang, J and Zou, Y and Wu, ZW},
title = {Population genetic diversity in the annual breeding area of the Spodoptera frugiperda in China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-46482-1},
pmid = {41927645},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {A21413//Zhanjiang Rural Science and Technology Special Envoy Team/ ; A21413//Zhanjiang Rural Science and Technology Special Envoy Team/ ; A21413//Zhanjiang Rural Science and Technology Special Envoy Team/ ; A21413//Zhanjiang Rural Science and Technology Special Envoy Team/ ; 080503052203//esearch Fund of Guangdong Ocean University/ ; 080503052203//esearch Fund of Guangdong Ocean University/ ; 080503052203//esearch Fund of Guangdong Ocean University/ ; 080503052203//esearch Fund of Guangdong Ocean University/ ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a globally invasive pest, has established persistent populations in China since its invasion in late 2018, posing a continuous threat to agriculture due to its potential for rapid adaptation and insecticide resistance evolution. To elucidate the genetic underpinnings of its invasion success in China's annual breeding area, this study systematically analyzed the genetic diversity, differentiation, and population structure of fall armyworm (FAW) populations across four provinces (Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan) using a dual-marker system combining mitochondrial COI and nuclear Tpi genes. Our analyses revealed significantly reduced genetic diversity (haplotype diversity: 0.47-0.56; nucleotide diversity: 0.007-0.009) in Chinese populations compared to putative source populations in India (0.942 and 0.014, respectively), indicating a strong genetic bottleneck effect. All individuals were identified as the corn-strain, with 22.7% classified as heterozygous corn-strain based on Tpi genotyping. Population differentiation analysis highlighted the Himalayas as a substantial barrier (Fst = 0.294 between Yunnan and India), while the South China Sea monsoon facilitated genetic fusion between Guangdong and Hainan (Fst = -0.033). Guangxi emerged as a gene flow hub, exhibiting higher haplotype diversity likely due to continuous influx from the China-Vietnam border. Furthermore, significantly positive Tajima's D values (3.08-3.94) in Chinese populations, coupled with field-observed population fluctuations, support an invasion model characterized by rapid expansion from a limited number of founders. This study provides critical insights into the population genetic dynamics of fall armyworm in its newly invaded range, which are essential for forecasting its spread and formulating sustainable management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41930645,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, CH and Hall, DR and Smith, RC},
title = {Continued range expansion of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iowa, United States.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjag052},
pmid = {41930645},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {7007596//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch/ ; //Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases (ELC)/ ; //Iowa Department of Health and Human Services/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Iowa ; *Aedes/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) serves as a competent vector of several arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, and is highly invasive, spreading to every continent except Antarctica. With the emergence of Zika virus in the Americas in 2015 and 2016, targeted surveillance efforts for invasive Aedes species were initiated in Iowa, documenting the detection and establishment of Ae. albopictus in 3 Iowa counties over a 5-yer period (2016 to 2020). Herein, we provide an update on the abundance of Ae. albopictus based on our continued surveillance efforts over the past 5 yr (2021 to 2025) across 19 Iowa counties, further documenting its spatial distribution and temporal abundance in the state to at least 11 counties. Highlighting trapping efforts in 2 Iowa counties with previous or recently detected populations of Ae. albopictus, we provide a detailed examination of their increased detections in these locations, offering new insight into their continued spread in the state to locations that were previously negative for Ae. albopictus. Together, these data provide further evidence for the continuing range expansion of Ae. albopictus in Iowa, which serves as its current northern range in the Upper Midwest. These findings have broad implications for the future spread of this invasive mosquito species in the United States and its potential impacts on public health.},
}
@article {pmid41931148,
year = {2026},
author = {Box, P and Leiper, I and Nano, C and Young, L and Caron, V and Gibson, S and Guest, T and Cobban, D and Treilibs, C and Brim Box, J},
title = {High-resolution mapping of introduced buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in central Australia.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41931148},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {Northern Territory Risk Reduction Program, Department of the Chief Minister and Cabinet//Northern Territory Government/ ; },
mesh = {*Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Introduced Species ; Australia ; *Poaceae/growth &amp; development ; Satellite Imagery ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is an introduced pastoral grass that threatens arid ecosystems worldwide. Its ability to rapidly colonise new areas, outcompete native plants, invade a diversity of habitats and fuel fires make it a disaster for native biodiversity, infrastructure and remote communities. This species was implicated in the fires that devastated Lahaina, Hawai'i in 2023, and in Australia, it is one of the most significant environmental threats to semi-arid rangelands. The management of buffel grass requires detailed knowledge of its current spatial distribution, information currently lacking for most of inland Australia. We modelled and mapped buffel grass occurrence at two sites in central Australia by applying singular value decomposition to a time series of vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. In both study areas, buffel grass could be modelled/mapped with high accuracy (≥ 85%) at the native resolution of the satellite imagery (10 m). Our study areas were much larger (up to 2800 km[2]) than previous attempts to map buffel grass in both Australia and overseas, and our model accuracies were either comparable or higher than previous efforts. The buffel grass maps can aid resource managers and practitioners in their control and monitoring efforts, and our method uses free, open-source software, making it more cost effective than methods using drones and/or aerial surveys.},
}
@article {pmid41931908,
year = {2026},
author = {Mistri, M and Munari, C},
title = {New kid in town: the Mediterranean outbreak of Callinectes sapidus, its road to valorization and the Italian paradox.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {229},
number = {},
pages = {119668},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119668},
pmid = {41931908},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {The invasion of the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, in the Mediterranean has evolved from a 20th-century lag phase into an explosive demographic surge. Driven by tropicalization and marine heatwaves, this expansion has triggered a systemic ecological and socio-economic crisis, particularly in the Northern Adriatic. We review current knowledge on the invasion history of C. sapidus in the Mediterranean, the environmental drivers underpinning the demographic expansion that started in 2019-2020, and its impacts on biodiversity, aquaculture, and ecosystem services. This review identifies a critical "Italian paradox": while biomass reached unprecedented levels in 2025, exceeding 2,200 tonnes in the Po Delta alone, the management response remains reactive, focusing on costly disposal rather than high-value exploitation. A transition toward a Blue Biorefinery model is suggested to be the key to resolve this paradox. Beyond its culinary value, C. sapidus is a reservoir of high-value compounds, including medical-grade chitosan, antihypertensive peptides, and astaxanthin, with very high market value. By implementing green extraction technologies, a biological threat can be transformed into a self-sustaining circular economy. However, industrial scaling must integrate rigorous monitoring of heavy metal bioaccumulation and emerging pathogens to ensure safety.},
}
@article {pmid41932633,
year = {2026},
author = {Santicchia, F and Santovito, A and Wauters, LA and Tranquillo, C and Palme, R and Preatoni, D and Bertolino, S},
title = {Air pollution, but not physiological stress, is associated with genomic damage of invasive grey squirrels from urban and agricultural areas.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {124414},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2026.124414},
pmid = {41932633},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat fragmentation and pollutants, can act as stressors limiting wildlife persistence and adaptation, and mammals are particularly vulnerable to airborne pollutants and pesticides that disrupt glucocorticoid (GC) signalling. The synergic impact of pollution and chronic GCs exposure may cause genomic damage reducing genetic diversity and adaptative potential. Using the invasive Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), we assessed genomic damage, micronuclei (MNi) and nuclear buds (NBUDs), along a gradient from urban centres to agricultural areas, with increasing air pollution, and related this to faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs). Genomic damage varied significantly among study areas, with lower MNi and NBUDs in a hilly urban area. In the central urban area, MNi frequency was lower than in the agricultural areas. Conversely, in the peripheral urban area, near major roadways, MNi and NBUDs were comparable to those in agricultural areas, suggesting a similar exposure to genotoxic stressors, likely originating from different sources. A curvilinear relationship was observed between air pollutants and genomic damage: MNi and NBUDs levels remained stable at low pollution levels and decreased as pollution increased. Sex, body condition and age had no significant effects. FGMs did not significantly influence MNi or NBUDs across urban and agricultural areas. Our results show that squirrels in a hilly urban area had less genomic damage than those in high-traffic peripheral or agricultural areas. These findings highlight the importance of urban planning that incorporates refuges capable of mitigating environmental stressors and strategies that limit genotoxic effects in urban and agricultural areas.},
}
@article {pmid41922081,
year = {2026},
author = {Martin, LL and Fanson, KV and Johnston, SD and Lewis, PJ and Meachem, SJ and O'Leary, PD and Parrott, ML and Pask, AJ and Pavlova, A and Richings, NM and Rivers, N and Sumner, J and Temple-Smith, P and Tubbs, CW and Wong, BBM and Rodgers, RJ},
title = {Harnessing reproductive biology to conserve wildlife species.},
journal = {Reproduction, fertility, and development},
volume = {38},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1071/RD26022},
pmid = {41922081},
issn = {1448-5990},
mesh = {Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; *Endangered Species ; *Reproduction/physiology ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/veterinary ; },
abstract = {Habitat destruction, changing climate and other anthropogenic impacts have resulted in the recorded extinctions of hundreds of species, with many more undocumented extinctions being likely to have occurred. Approaches to conserving threatened species include protection or improvement of habitat, fenced conservation reserves, species translocations and reintroductions, elimination of environmental toxins, breeding programs in reserves or captivity, and genetic rescue and management. The latter includes storage of gametes, stem cells or embryos, to both conserve species and maintain or expand their genetic diversity. Many of these approaches require a basic knowledge of the reproductive biology of the species of interest. Such knowledge is difficult to achieve because of the astonishing diversity of species-specific reproductive strategies that have evolved. Unfortunately, for many species we simply do not have that knowledge. This report summarises key discussions from a workshop titled Reproductive Biology Research Needed for Saving our Wildlife held in Melbourne, Australia, and attended by stakeholders from zoos, wildlife organisations, universities, museums and government organisations. The workshop prioritised aspects of reproductive biology knowledge needed, how this knowledge might be obtained, and how it should be deployed. Using examples of planned and successful conservation strategies for individual species, the workshop participants considered environmental challenges, managing introduced species, captive breeding programs, challenges for assisted reproductive technologies, de-extinction science in conservation efforts, examination of reproductive steroid hormones across species, endocrine disruption, and cryopreservation of genomic diversity to assist the management of wild and captive populations. The workshop highlighted the magnitude of the issues involved and identified reproductive approaches to be used to direct future conservation efforts for saving threatened species.},
}
@article {pmid41923148,
year = {2026},
author = {Mogouong Tambue, J and Yager, C and Bushley, KE},
title = {Associations between phloem microbiota and metabolomes in three North American ash species (Fraxinus spp.) susceptible to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s40793-026-00884-w},
pmid = {41923148},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {DEB 2030036//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microorganisms play crucial roles in the survival and fitness of their plant and insects hosts, including invasive species. The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis, Fairmaire; EAB) is an invasive insect from Asia. It represents a significant threat to North American forest ecosystems, causing widespread mortality in susceptible native ash (Fraxinus) species. While previous studies have shown differences in specific plant defense metabolites between susceptible North American ash species and their more resistant Asian counterparts, widely targeted metabolite profiles and their interactions with phloem microbiota in response to EAB infestation has thus far received little attention. This study aimed to profile microbial communities associated with ash phloem and EAB larval guts and their relationship to ash phloem metabolites in three native susceptible North American ash species: F. pennsylvanica (green ash), F. nigra (black ash) and F. americana (white ash).<br><br>RESULTS: Using metabarcoding to characterize the microbial communities associated with the larval gut and host tree phloem and widely targeted metabolomics to establish the first global metabolomic profile of phloem in these ash species, we examined interspecies differences in profiles and associations of ash phloem microbiota and metabolites in relation to EAB infestation. Multivariate analysis revealed that fungal communities were distinct in all ash species, while F. pennsylvanica (green ash) harbored bacterial communities distinct from black ash. Only black ash showed a phloem profile significantly associated with EAB attack symptoms and had the largest number of differentially abundant bacterial taxa. In contrast, larval gut bacterial communities from green ash were distinct from those in other ash species. Green ash displayed a distinct global metabolite profile from the other two species and had the highest number of differentially regulated metabolites, while black ash had the least. Green and white ash shared a strong upregulation of terpenoid compounds, several of which were among compounds significantly associated with microbial communities in green ash phloem or the EAB larval gut.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide the first comparative analysis of phloem-associated microbial communities and metabolomes across three susceptible North American ash species and their response to EAB. We found that microbiota and metabolites in green ash showed a distinct response to EAB infestation from the other ash species and we identified specific metabolites exhibiting significant correlations with microbial communities in ash phloem or the EAB larval gut. These findings contribute novel insights into interspecies variability in host-associated microbial communities and metabolomes and their response to an invasive insect.},
}
@article {pmid41924542,
year = {2026},
author = {Leite, A and Boieiro, M and Soares, AO and Ros-Prieto, A and Costa, R and Pozsgai, G and Oyarzabal, G and Teixeira, MB and Calado, HR and Lago, AD and Vounatsi, M and Gabriel, R and Wallon, S and Crespo, LC and Gil de Gómez, JP and Ferreira, MT and Lhoumeau, S and Borges, PAV},
title = {Monitoring of potential invasive arthropod species in Azores Islands (Corvo, Flores, Faial, Pico, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria): the PRIBES Project.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e188056},
pmid = {41924542},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Arthropods provide essential ecosystem services, yet multiple lines of evidence indicate widespread declines driven by habitat loss (degradation, fragmentation and reduction), biological invasions and climate change. Oceanic islands are particularly vulnerable to invasive alien species because of their isolation, small area and sensitivity to novel predators, competitors and pathogens. In the Azores, historical land-use change has greatly reduced native forest cover, while long-term monitoring indicates that introduced arthropod diversity is increasing even where total richness appears stable. However, ruderal coastal habitats (i.e. transitional, frequently disturbed environments often dominated by opportunistic exotic plants) remain comparatively under-sampled and may function as early "gateways" for new arthropod introductions. The PRIBES project intends to contribute to "The Regional Strategy for the Management of Terrestrial and Freshwater Exotic and Invasive Species in the Azores" (PRIBES-LIFE-IP- Estratégia regional para o controlo e prevenção de espécies exóticas invasoras - no âmbito do projeto LIFE IP AZORES NATURA, LIFE17 IPE/PT/000010). The PRIBES project addresses this gap by surveying arthropod assemblages associated with vascular plants in disturbed coastal ruderal habitats across multiple Azorean islands (Corvo, Flores, Faial, Pico, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria) using a standardised time-based plant beating protocol, enabling comparisons of richness and colonisation status (endemic, native or exotic) amongst islands and vegetation contexts.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: This manuscript provides a standardised, multi-island synthesis of arthropod sampling across seven Azorean islands, encompassing 78 sites sampled with standard methods plus one site with ad hoc samples and 23,547 specimens. It reports 366 taxa, including 247 taxa identified to species/subspecies and 119 not identified morphospecies, delivering an unusually comprehensive archipelago-scale baseline for ruderal and edge-associated assemblages. The substantial unidentified morphospecies fraction, plausibly dominated by as-yet-unrecorded Azorean arrivals despite extensive local expertise, is consistent with documented increases in island exotic arthropod diversity and highlights an identification bottleneck where recent introductions and potential pests accumulate. The study also provides major distributional updates, including 62 new island records and one new record for the Azores, corresponding to the theridiid spider Dipoena melanogaster (C. L. Koch, 1837). By summarising colonisation status for all identified taxa, we show a strong contribution of introduced taxa (121 of 247 identified taxa) alongside endemic (37) and native non-endemic (72) components, offering a clear quantitative snapshot of assemblage structure relevant to biosecurity and conservation planning. In addition, for 17 taxa, the colonisation status is uncertain. By publishing openly accessible, standardised occurrence records, these data directly support early detection and surveillance prioritisation for emerging introductions and help provide information for management and biosecurity strategies in rapidly changing island landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid41925035,
year = {2026},
author = {Mangla, DM and Motwani, DR and Palo, DS and Setty, DA},
title = {Trophoblast Invasion Biology: From Normal Implantation to Accreta Spectrum and Choriocarcinoma.},
journal = {Vascular biology (Bristol, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1530/VB-25-0016},
pmid = {41925035},
issn = {2516-5658},
abstract = {Trophoblast invasion is a finely regulated physiological process that demonstrates controlled cellular migration and vascular remodeling during human pregnancy. During normal implantation, cytotrophoblasts differentiate into extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), which enter the maternal decidua and remodel spiral arteries, converting them into low-resistance vessels required for fetal nutrition. This balance of invasion and restraint promotes appropriate vascular adaptation at the maternal-fetal interface. Aberrations in this mechanism result in a range of pathological states, from excessive but non-malignant invasion in placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) to uncontrolled, malignant invasion in choriocarcinoma. In PAS, trophoblasts can infiltrate the myometrium due to dysregulated production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), integrins, and angiogenic factors (VEGF, HIF-1α). In choriocarcinoma, trophoblastic cells activate PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch signalling, leading to hyperproliferation, immune evasion through PD-L1, and metastatic potential. Despite differences in clinical behaviour, many disorders have molecular mediators that link trophoblast invasion to vascular remodelling, angiogenesis, and immunological regulation. Emerging models including trophoblast organoids, placental explants, and placenta-on-a-chip technologies offer enhanced platforms to study such pathways at the cellular and molecular levels. This review highlights trophoblast invasion as a model of controlled angiogenic remodeling, providing mechanistic insight into both obstetric pathology and cancer biology. It underscores how studying placental invasion can inform therapeutic strategies targeting abnormal vascular invasion across diseases.},
}
@article {pmid41926495,
year = {2026},
author = {Carpenter, JK and Fletcher, D and Arbuckle, J and Coleman, M and Goodsell, B and Gormley, A and Metzger, A and Moss, T and Orwin, KH and , and , and Scott, D and Sutton, L and Thompson, TDW and Timoti, P and Whitehead, A and Lyver, PO},
title = {Effects of a native avian predator (weka; Gallirallus australis) and colony density on breeding success of a burrow-nesting seabird (tītī; Ardenna grisea).},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e0346357},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0346357},
pmid = {41926495},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Breeding ; New Zealand ; Population Density ; *Reproduction/physiology ; *Birds/physiology ; *Nesting Behavior/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {As island ecosystems are restored, native predators are recovering and re-establishing interactions with their prey. However, compared with widely-publicised impacts of invasive predators, little is known about the dynamics and stability of native predator-prey dynamics on islands. Prey species such as seabirds may still be vulnerable to population decline, as even native predation can become unsustainable at a population-level when combined with other threats. Large seabird colonies may buffer against native predation by diluting its per-capita impact, but this will depend on the functional response of native predators to prey densities. Here, we test the impact of a predatory native rail (weka, Gallirallus australis) on breeding success of a burrow-nesting seabird (tītī/muttonbird/sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea) that nests in dense colonies on the Rakiura Tītī Islands, southern New Zealand. We used burrowscopes and trail cameras to assess tītī breeding success (N = 126 nests) at three sites with weka, and two sites without. We also tested how tītī burrow density (a proxy for colony density) influenced breeding success. Tītī breeding success (probability of an egg hatching and then fledging) varied across sites, ranging from 0.39 to 0.88. Model predictions indicated that weka had a negligible effect on tītī breeding success overall, with breeding success increasing with increasing tītī burrow density, although both relationships had considerable uncertainty. Trail camera data showed weka activity was primarily diurnal, and that weka activity at monitored burrows did not increase during the period nests are most vulnerable (mid-January until late-February). We suggest that weka predation on tītī may be inversely density dependent, and that large colonies absorb the impact of predation. However, if tītī populations decline in the future due to other factors (e.g., climate change, harvest), the impact of weka on breeding success may increase, resulting in accelerated, localized tītī population declines.},
}
@article {pmid41926843,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, D and Zhou, N and Du, F and Zhou, Z and Wang, W and Shu, Y and Ji, Q and Zhu, Z},
title = {Biomass prediction and invasion assessment of Spartina alterniflora driven by remote sensing big data.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {228},
number = {},
pages = {119602},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119602},
pmid = {41926843},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Coastal wetlands, as one of the three major ecosystems on Earth, play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance. In recent years, the invasive species Spartina alterniflora has rapidly spread along China's coastal areas, posing a considerable threat to coastal wetland ecosystems. Based on marine remote sensing big data, this study integrated multi-source remote sensing imagery and multi-site observational characteristics to develop a standardized dataset for estimating S. alterniflora biomass, and created corresponding automated identification and remote sensing inversion methods for biomass estimation. Systematic monitoring in the Hangzhou Bay area revealed that between 2019 and 2022, S. alterniflora biomass density continued to increase, with a maximum annual expansion area reaching 1135.7 ha, a northward shift in distribution centroid, and edge-expansion patterns dominating the spread. However, from 2023 to 2024, with enhanced artificial control measures, its distribution area sharply decreased from a peak of 3387.1 ha to 608.1 ha, accompanied by a significant reduction in biomass. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of combining remote sensing technology with machine learning algorithms for biomass monitoring, provides a scientific basis for developing effective management strategies against invasive species, and holds important practical significance for the conservation and restoration of coastal wetland ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41616753,
year = {2026},
author = {Shihab, S and Divya, PR and Kumaresan, S and Kumar, TTA},
title = {Bioaccumulation of trace metals in the invasive bivalve Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) from estuarine and backwater ecosystems of South India.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {119314},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119314},
pmid = {41616753},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; India ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; *Metals, Heavy/metabolism ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Bioaccumulation ; *Bivalvia/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Estuaries ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Indian backwaters are the most favourable habitats for a diverse group of molluscan species, particularly bivalves and gastropods. With the increasing demand of bivalves for food, there would always be a concern on its safety and hence, it necessitates the regular assessment of the contaminants for human consumption. Considering this fact, the present study is intended to assess the level of heavy metal accumulation in the exotic bivalve Mytella strigata, which is found in three backwater regions of South India, as a baseline study of the first of its kind. As filter feeders, mussels are vulnerable to aquatic pollution and are known to accumulate pronounced concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues. This study evaluated the spatial distributions of heavy metals Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Pb, Hg, and Cd in the tissue samples of Mytella strigata. Samples were analysed using standard protocols and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) was calculated for the samples collected from Ashtamudi, Vembanad, and Vellar estuarine regions; the results were 3.80, 6.08, and 5.38, respectively. The Pollution Load Index and Contamination Factor of the study areas indicated an alarmingly high level of contamination. In comparison, the results obtained in this study with the results of previous reports of the other bivalve species (Perna viridis) from the studied locations, it was noticed that this exotic species exhibited high level of contamination. Therefore, a comprehensive monitoring approach is needed for this particular species to ensure its safety for consumption.},
}
@article {pmid41653886,
year = {2026},
author = {Rosas-Guerrero, J and Carmona, R and De la Rosa, J and Zanolla, M and Altamirano, M},
title = {Reproductive performance and propagule pressure: Key drivers of Rugulopteryx okamurae (Ochrophyta, Dictyotales) invasion of a Posidonia oceanica meadow.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {119383},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119383},
pmid = {41653886},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Alismatales/physiology ; Reproduction ; Ecosystem ; Spain ; },
abstract = {The invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae has rapidly spread along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts, displacing native species and causing unprecedented environmental and socioeconomic impacts. One of the threatened habitats are Posidonia oceanica meadows. In this habitat the vegetative performance of R. okamurae is already known, but the reproductive mechanisms that allow its continued dominance in space and time are still not known. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the reproductive performance of R. okamurae invading a P. oceanica meadow in Southern Spain, identifying and quantifying the reproductive structures, their temporal and intrapopulation changes and, the potential environmental factors triggering them. The results do not rule out the presence of sexual reproduction (only meiotic tetraspores have been observed, but no gametangia), suggesting that the population is mainly maintained by clonal mechanisms based on the formation of vegetative propagules and mitotic monospores that form throughout the thallus on both sides, more abundantly in larger individuals. Due to the greater ontogenetic maturity of the propagules and their larger presence throughout the year (only absent in January), we can say that the populations are mainly maintained thanks to them, since unicellular monospores were only observed in May and July. Estimates of propagule pressure indicate that it exceeds the carrying capacity of the species' benthic habitat and that, therefore, new individuals are exported to the water column. This fact would explain the enormous amount of biomass in suspension, facilitating the dispersal and colonization of the species and the colonization of neighboring areas, where it produces severe the socio-economic impacts.},
}
@article {pmid41678928,
year = {2026},
author = {Battini, N and Castro, KL and Abelando, M and Bortolus, A and Schwindt, E},
title = {Managing biological invasions in ports: A model for assessing the risk of species introduction through ballast water and hull biofouling.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {119410},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119410},
pmid = {41678928},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ships ; *Biofouling ; Aquatic Organisms ; Argentina ; Animals ; Risk Assessment ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Models, Theoretical ; Chile ; },
abstract = {Shipping traffic is the main vector for the introduction of marine species worldwide. The trends in the number and impacts of marine bioinvasions urge us to design effective management strategies to prevent the introduction and establishment of non-native species. In this study, we developed a model to estimate the risk of biological invasions through commercial shipping traffic to marine ports of Argentina, in order to identify the routes that represent a higher invasion risk, the ports with a greater risk of invasion, and the ecoregions where novel invasions could originate. We found that the routes that represented the highest risk of invasions are those connecting ports in the northern Atlantic Patagonia with ports in central and northern Chile (Southeastern Pacific). Also, we detected striking differences in the overall risk to a port, which although largely determined by the number of arrivals, also depends on certain structural and operational characteristics, underscoring the need for specific management actions. Overall, we found great risk of species invasions from most temperate regions throughout the world, especially Eastern Asia, Southern Africa, Europe and, especially, the Southeastern Pacific. Our findings provide crucial information to enhance the early detection and rapid response strategies in marine ports, complementing existing efforts to manage marine bioinvasions.},
}
@article {pmid41687443,
year = {2026},
author = {Thomas, N and Silveira, TCL and Mantas, TP and Crivellaro, MS and Segal, B and Cerrano, C},
title = {Are visual surveys outdated? A case study comparing visual surveys designed for sun coral assessment and emerging 3D photogrammetric approaches.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {119370},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119370},
pmid = {41687443},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Anthozoa ; Animals ; *Photogrammetry/methods ; *Coral Reefs ; *Introduced Species ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions in marine systems pose significant challenges, requiring early detection and effective management for successful eradication. Tubastraea coccinea (Lesson, 1830), a highly invasive scleractinian coral, has successfully expanded in the Western Atlantic. These corals exhibit a strong preference for fine-scale geomorphological features, such as caves, crevices, and the undersides of large boulders on rocky reefs. However, the role of these features in the invasion dynamics of T. coccinea remains unclear. The present study validates a newly developed visual assessment protocol for quantifying these fine-scale rocky reef geomorphological features using structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Our findings show no significant observer bias between different observers and SfM estimates across study sites. Furthermore, the visual surveys conducted were approximately 90 times more time-efficient than the SfM technique, demonstrating the practical implementation of this protocol for reliable quantification of fine-scale geomorphological features. The successful application of this protocol has the potential to aid in identifying high-risk invasion areas and inform effective management of T. coccinea.},
}
@article {pmid41916970,
year = {2026},
author = {Cooke, R and Burton, VJ and Brown, C and Harrower, CA and White, SM and Huntingford, C and Dunford-Brown, R and Fox, R and Harrison, PA and Hui, C and Massimino, D and Purvis, A and Robinson, EL and Rodger, J and Isaac, NJB and Bullock, JM},
title = {Future scenarios for British biodiversity under climate and land-use change.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41916970},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/V007548/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/V007548/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/V006800/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/V007548/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/V007548/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/R016429/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; 817946//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; 817946//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; United Kingdom ; *Climate Change ; Animals ; Birds ; Butterflies ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Plants ; Extinction, Biological ; },
abstract = {Projections of biodiversity futures are needed to translate global policies into national action. We use dissimilarity modelling to project climate change scenarios for 1002 plant, 56 butterfly, and 219 bird species across Great Britain up to 2080. Under all scenarios we find extensive community reorganisation, with the disappearance of current bioclimates and emergence of novel ones. We also explore impacts of combined climate and land-use change, finding that even optimistic scenarios could see accumulating extinction debts. Scenarios featuring reduced emissions and a more sustainable society could bend the curve of loss, reducing species heading for extinction by 32% for plants, 14% for butterflies, and 20% for birds. Scenarios differ in impact between groups, with plants showing the most severe responses to environmental change. Overall, we show that actions taken during the next 20 years are crucial to mitigate the worst effects of climate and land-use change for biodiversity in Britain.},
}
@article {pmid41920392,
year = {2026},
author = {Fan, Z and Zhang, Y and Yi, S and Zhang, J and Li, M and Li, C and Xian, X and Liu, W},
title = {Global Risk Assessment of the Invasive Insect Thaumatotibia leucotreta to Citrus Based on its Potential Distribution.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41920392},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {2023YFC2605200//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; CAAS-ZDRW202505//Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP)/ ; 2022TSYCCX0084//Tian-Shan Talent Program/ ; S2025XM07//Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Citrus/parasitology ; *Introduced Species ; Risk Assessment ; *Moths/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Climate Change ; *Animal Distribution ; Climate ; },
abstract = {The false-codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a globally recognized quarantine pest responsible for substantial economic losses in the southern African citrus industry. Driven by international trade and climate change, FCM poses a potential threat to regions beyond its native range. In this study, we employed the MaxEnt model to predict suitable habitats for FCM under near-current and future climate scenarios based on 141 global occurrence data and 19 bioclimatic variables. The model performed excellently with an AUC of 0.965. The key bioclimatic variables affecting FCM distribution were isothermality (bio3), maximum temperature of the warmest month (bio5), mean temperature of the driest quarter (bio9), and annual precipitation (bio12). Under near-current climate conditions, the total suitable habitat was estimated at approximately 2575.03 × 10[4] km[2]. Highly suitable areas were located in Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Europe, Central and Southern Africa, and Central and Southeast Asia. Future climate projections indicated a general decrease in suitable habitats, with the most contraction under the SSP5-8.5 scenario by the 2070s, where suitable areas are projected to shrink by 11.23%. The overlap between FCM habitats and global citrus cultivation reached 714.02 × 10[4] km[2], with major hotspots in Africa (e.g., Tanzania, Angola; 297.47 × 10[4] km[2]), South America, Asia, and Europe. Given the extensive overlap and the severe damage caused by FCM, enhanced quarantine measures and integrated pest management strategies are urgently required to mitigate the risk of its global spread and establishment.},
}
@article {pmid41921654,
year = {2026},
author = {Hajek, AE and Nahrung, HF and Smitley, D},
title = {Extra baggage: Accidental introductions of cryptogenic pathogens of invasive insects.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108614},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2026.108614},
pmid = {41921654},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Pathogens of invasive insects are often assumed to have arrived in or with infected individuals of that invasive host species. This assumption is not always correct, in part due to the lack of knowledge about the hosts of the pathogen in the invaded continent or in the continent of presumed origin. Discoveries of invasive insect pathogens raise questions about their origin and their potential benefit or detriment in the invaded continent. Pathogens can be co-introduced with an invasive insect host (direct transmission), which may or may not be the host species in which it was discovered, or introduced as contaminants with environmental samples (environmental transmission). Invasive pathogens may also become pathogens of native host species. We present three diverse examples of invasive insect host/invasive pathogen systems where sources, means and rates of spread, and impact on populations of pest insects differ significantly. Increased knowledge about invasive pathogens can result in enhancing biological control and can help optimize biological control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41454912,
year = {2026},
author = {Eyster, HN and Gould, RK},
title = {How much biotic nativeness matters across human demographic groups.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {e70197},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70197},
pmid = {41454912},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {GCXE22S079//Environment and Climate Change Canada/ ; //Gund Institute for Environment/ ; },
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; Animals ; *Birds ; British Columbia ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Introduced Species ; Aged ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Many central concepts of conservation biology-such as nativeness-are structured by ecological and social factors. However, the social consequences of using these concepts to make conservation decisions remain inadequately understood. Some researchers argue that nativeness, rather than acting as an objective proxy for important ecological relationships, may instead mask social and cultural values about which species belong in a given ecosystem. Yet, even as many non-native species decline, experts often prioritize the conservation of native species. We assessed the perceptions of people (n = 600) in Metro Vancouver, Canada, regarding local declines of native and non-native birds. We measured ecological grief (feelings of loss associated with ecological changes) and loss of cultural ecosystem service (nonmaterial benefits people derive from relationships with nature) associated with documented declines in 2 native and 2 non-native birds. We measured variations in perceptions across differences in nature experiences and sociodemographics. We used a 2-treatment experimental design in which we informed only half the participants about species' nativeness. Perceptions of loss differed among respondents based on their familiarity with birds, experiences with birds, and the native status of the bird. However, the effect of nativeness on feelings of loss was not moderated by ecological knowledge, whether a respondent was an urbanite, or experiences with birds. Instead, race was the strongest moderator of the effect of nativeness on feelings of loss. Only White people reported greater grief for declines in native species than non-native species, even when accounting for education, income, and other variables. Although native status may often be a useful heuristic for inference, relying on it for conservation decision-making may have unintended sociodemographic and equity consequences. Our results also demonstrate how pairing ecological grief and cultural ecosystem service questions with documented ecological declines can elucidate human-nature relationships, such as those between people and non-native birds.},
}
@article {pmid41912738,
year = {2026},
author = {Sahu, N and Kesharwani, R and Rathore, YS and Kumar, A and Varun, A and Mishra, MM and Das, P and Das, BK and Mallick, SK},
title = {Climate change impacts on vegetation dynamics and transhumant pastoralism in the Western Himalayas.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41912738},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; India ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Altitude ; Himalayas ; },
abstract = {Mountain pastoral livelihoods in the Western Himalaya face compounded pressures from warming, shifting rainfall, and the spread of invasive alien plant species (IAPS), yet integrated evidence linking climate dynamics, vegetation change, and livelihood outcomes remains limited. This study examines how long-term climate trends, IAPS, and shifting livelihood conditions interact along the elevational migration routes of the Bakkarwal pastoralists (BPs) in Jammu and Kashmir, India. We integrate 42 years of gridded daily climate records (1980-2021) with focus group discussions (FGDs) and a structured questionnaire (n = 80) to assess climate variability, perceived vegetation change, and livelihood impacts. The results show that temperatures have risen (~ 0.85 °C daytime, ~ 0.70 °C nighttime) significantly in low and high-elevation districts, with stronger post-2000 signals and greater high-elevation sensitivity, while rainfall has redistributed seasonally rather than showing a uniform trend. Field and survey evidence point to the upslope spread of IAPS (Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, and Ageratum conyzoides) displacing the native fodder and increased overbrowsing pressure on remaining shrubs and trees. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of perception data identified latent dimensions of the vegetation and livelihood factors improving the interpretability of the observed dataset. These dimensions reveal how climate-induced vegetation dynamics interact with socio-economic changes such as youth's preference for education and salaried jobs, policies that impact grazing access, and changes in herding and migration routines which are altering social relationships, reducing the intergenerational knowledge transfer, and gradually reshaping the cultural values that have long supported Bakkarwal pastoralism. The overall findings envisage that developing the resilience in their socio-ecological system will be subject to how they cope with the upcoming climatic risk, IAPS preservation, restoration of critical forage sites, and community-based social policies that support ease and conspicuous livelihood transitions for the BPs.},
}
@article {pmid41913691,
year = {2026},
author = {Erens, J and Heine, C and Lötters, S and Krehenwinkel, H and Crawford, AJ and Rueda-Solano, LA and Plewnia, A},
title = {A Field-Deployable eDNA Metabarcoding Workflow Including De Novo Reference Assembly for Characterising Understudied Biodiversity Hotspots.},
journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {e70122},
doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.70122},
pmid = {41913691},
issn = {1755-0998},
support = {//Ministerium f&#xfc;r Wirtschaft, Verkehr, Landwirtschaft und Weinbau Rheinland-Pfalz/ ; //Deutsche Gesellschaft f&#xfc;r Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde/ ; //Forschungsfonds of Trier University/ ; //Forschungsinitiative Rheinland-Pfalz through Trier University/ ; },
mesh = {*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Amphibians/classification/genetics ; *DNA, Environmental/genetics ; Workflow ; *Metagenomics/methods ; },
abstract = {Field-deployable DNA metabarcoding offers a transformative approach to biodiversity research and monitoring, yet its application remains limited due to technical constraints and a lack of reference data in poorly studied ecosystems. Combining isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) and Oxford Nanopore sequencing, we introduce a two-step approach that uses non-invasive species barcoding to directly generate reference sequences for use in environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, and enables real-time, PCR-free and cost-effective molecular assessment of ecological communities in the field. Using an endemic and understudied tropical amphibian assemblage as a model, we demonstrate the functionality of this novel workflow. De novo generation of a reference sequence library from amphibian skin swab samples significantly improved the accuracy and taxonomic resolution of sequence assignments from eDNA samples, particularly on the species level, in turn allowing a characterisation of fine-scale patterns in community composition. Beyond generating new RPA-compatible amphibian metabarcoding primers, our results show that combining field-based eDNA metabarcoding with the offline assembly of a local reference database can directly bridge existing data gaps in molecular biodiversity monitoring, providing a scalable solution to accelerate biodiversity assessments in data-deficient ecosystems. This workflow paves the way for broader deployment of molecular tools in global biodiversity hotspots-particularly in remote and resource-limited tropical regions-to directly contribute critical baseline data, and support conservation efforts in regions where they are most urgently needed.},
}
@article {pmid41913976,
year = {2026},
author = {Mochales-Riaño, G and Marques, V and Carretero, MA and Rato, C},
title = {Chromosome-level reference genome for the common wall gecko (Tarentola mauritanica) enables comparative and functional studies in geckos.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/g3journal/jkag072},
pmid = {41913976},
issn = {2160-1836},
abstract = {Reptiles exhibit remarkable ecological and physiological diversity, yet genomic resources for this group remain relatively scarce, limiting research on adaptation, evolution, and invasion biology. The common wall gecko, Tarentola mauritanica (Linnaeus, 1758), is a Mediterranean species complex known for its urban behavior, wide dispersal capacity, and exceptional resistance to dehydration, making it an ideal candidate for genomic studies of ecological adaptation. Here, we present the first high-quality, chromosome-level reference genome for the genus Tarentola. Using a combination of PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing data, we assembled a 2.1 Gbp reference genome (N50 = 135.8 Mbp), of which 96.7% of the genome is contained in 21 pseudochromosomes. Comparative chromosomal analyses revealed largely conserved synteny, however, some fissions and fusions were observed, highlighting lineage-specific karyotype evolution. Analyses of aquaporin genes revealed a duplication of AQP5 in T. mauritanica, suggesting a potential role in water regulation. PSMC-based demographic reconstruction indicated population expansion prior to the Last Interglacial (∼150-120 Kya) and contraction during the Last Glacial Maximum (∼20 Kya), consistent with Mediterranean climatic fluctuations. This genome represents the first reference for the genus Tarentola and provides a comprehensive genomic resource to investigate ecological adaptation, gene family evolution, invasion biology, and conservation genomics. Moreover, this assembly will facilitate comparative genomics across reptiles and support functional and evolutionary studies aimed at linking genome structure to ecological and phenotypic diversity.},
}
@article {pmid41905148,
year = {2026},
author = {Sun, Q and Xing, X and Ma, K},
title = {How does vegetation invasion reshape bird communities? Insights from mangrove and Spartina alterniflora saltmarsh in coastal China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {404},
number = {},
pages = {129485},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129485},
pmid = {41905148},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Coastal wetlands are critical hotspots of bird diversity, with vegetation playing a key role in sustaining bird communities by providing both food and habitat. However, the large-scale invasion of Spartina alterniflora has altered the vegetation patterns of these wetlands, and its impacts on bird diversity at the landscape scale remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared the capacity of mangroves and S. alterniflora saltmarshes along the southeastern coast of China to support bird communities, based on citizen-science data and vegetation distribution layers. Our results showed that birds generally preferred mangroves while avoiding S. alterniflora saltmarshes, with significantly higher species richness and abundance observed in mangroves. Larger, less fragmented, and more connected mangrove patches support richer and more abundant bird communities; by contrast, similar structural features in S. alterniflora saltmarshes tend to cause more severe damage to native bird communities. Vegetation area emerged as the most influential landscape factor affecting bird communities. Due to niche differences, waterbirds were less sensitive to landscape structure and primarily influenced by mangrove habitats, while landbirds responded to both vegetation types. Future mangrove restoration should focus on creating large, well-connected, and continuous habitats to maintain bird diversity. In managing S. alterniflora, consideration should be given to bird species already adapted to these habitats to avoid new ecological risks from abrupt habitat loss. Overall, our findings highlight how invasive vegetation affects bird diversity through alterations in landscape structure, providing a scientific basis for coastal wetland restoration and invasive species management.},
}
@article {pmid41906378,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, J and Chen, G and Yue, Y and Wang, J and Liu, Y and Tian, Z and Yang, J and Zhang, B and Zhou, Z},
title = {Synergistic attraction: Development and field evaluation of a multicomponent lure for Zeugodacus cucurbitae based on host-plant volatiles and gut bacterium-derived volatiles.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70770},
pmid = {41906378},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {YBXM2510//Nanfan Special Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; YBXM2511//Nanfan Special Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; CAAS-ZDRW202307//Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; 326QN0846//Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Zeugodacus cucurbitae is a global quarantine pest. Management of this pest relies heavily on chemical insecticides, which impose substantial environmental burdens. Male-specific lures [e.g. cue-lure (CL)] are widely used for monitoring and male-targeted control, but on their own, they often have a limited impact on population suppression. Therefore, efficient attractants targeting both sexes are urgently needed to advance sustainable and integrated pest management (IPM). To address this need, we screened and optimized multicomponent formulations by combining host-plant volatiles, volatiles from the culture supernatant of the gut bacterium Morganella sp. M72, and CL.<br><br>RESULTS: In behavioral assays, both the optimized host-plant volatile blend (methyl isovalerate: heptanal: methyl myristate: methyl laurate&#x2009;=&#x2009;10:10:1:0.1) and the volatile blend from the culture supernatant of the gut bacterium Morganella sp. M72 (indole: benzyl alcohol: 3-methyl-1-butanol: 1-undecanol&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.01:10:10:1) significantly attracted both female and male Z.&#x2009;cucurbitae. When CL was incorporated, the resulting ternary formulation produced significantly higher attraction than any individual blend or single-source formulation. Field trials further supported this improvement, confirming that the ternary blend effectively attracted adults of both sexes under practical conditions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This multicomponent formulation helps overcome the male-only attraction of conventional lures and showed stable field performance across early-season, peak-season and late-season periods. These results support the development of more effective monitoring and integrated management strategies for Z.&#x2009;cucurbitae. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41906423,
year = {2026},
author = {Dakduk, D and Yoder, JB},
title = {Temporal analysis of reproduction distributed in space illuminates the climate-change resiliency of toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia).},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70182},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70182},
pmid = {41906423},
issn = {1537-2197},
abstract = {PREMISE: Toyon, Heteromeles arbutifolia (Rosaceae), is an iconic and ecologically important member of California chaparral and oak woodland communities. Its habitat faces changing wildfire regimes, widening variation in annual rainfall, and competition by introduced species. We used a new modeling method, temporal analysis of reproduction distributed in space (TARDIS), to examine how recent climate change alters habitat suitability for toyon.<br><br>METHODS: As data for TARDIS, we annotated flowering and fruiting in images from 4105 observations of toyon contributed to the iNaturalist crowdsourcing platform. From these records, we trained Bayesian additive regression tree models relating weather to toyon flowering. We used a trained model to hindcast flowering each year back to 1900, and examined trends in the hindcast flowering. For comparison, we also modeled changing habitat suitability using a conventional species distribution model (SDM) relating toyon presence to 30-year climate averages.<br><br>RESULTS: Toyon flowering was associated with greater winter precipitation and warmer fall and winter temperatures. Our hindcast showed that mean flowering intensity has been stable to slightly increasing since 1900, with greater increases at higher elevations, but also at lower latitudes. Variation in flowering intensity also increased, especially at lower latitudes. Trends in flowering were positively correlated with changes in SDM-predicted suitability.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: TARDIS recovers biologically realistic predictors of toyon flowering, and hindcast changes in flowering intensity indicate the species' range remains suitable after 125 years of changing climate. Overall, our results indicate toyon populations remain healthy, but may have limited opportunity to migrate northward as climate change continues.},
}
@article {pmid41907736,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, Q and Zhao, H and Yan, P and Li, L and He, R and Chen, X and Yang, F},
title = {The dual role of native plant diversity in shaping plant invasions: scale and habitat dependence in urban-rural ecotones.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1786551},
pmid = {41907736},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Urban-rural ecotones are characterized by high habitat heterogeneity and intense anthropogenic disturbance, are recognized as high-risk areas for alien plant invasions. To explore the differences in diversity patterns between native and invasive herbaceous plants, as well as their relationships, across various habitat types, and to determine the major environmental factors facilitating invasion, we conducted a comprehensive field survey in Jiangdong New District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, a rapidly urbanising ecotone in southern China.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 537 herbaceous plant quadrats were established across six representative habitat types selected according to in situ habitat heterogeneity at 220 sampling sites. We recorded a total of 229 herbaceous plant species, including 155 native and 74 invasive species.<br><br>RESULTS: Analyses revealed significant differences in diversity indices and total cover between native and invasive assemblages among habitats. Invasive herbaceous plant diversity was highest in roadside habitat, whereas native herbaceous plants were dominant in landscape green space. Native species diversity was positively associated with invasive species richness, but negatively associated with their total cover and invasion intensity. Suppressive effects of native diversity were strongest in abandoned land and depression wetland habitats. Trampling intensity promoted invasive species richness, whereas proximity to buildings, proximity to water bodies, and higher relative humidity facilitated the formation of high invasive plant cover. In contrast, active management, such as artificial removal, consistently suppressed invasion across all metrics.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This study clarifies the scale and habitat-dependent dual role of native herbaceous diversity in regulating invasions, providing scientific support for the development of habitat-targeted management approaches in urban-rural ecotones.},
}
@article {pmid41907829,
year = {2026},
author = {Woinarski, JCZ and Legge, SM and Moseby, K and Burbidge, AA and Carthey, AJR and Dickman, CR and Doherty, TS and Ferris, J and Fisher, DO and Hollanders, M and Hradsky, BA and Johnson, CN and Jolly, CJ and Kanowski, J and Letnic, M and Mason, RT and McGregor, H and Murphy, BP and Pedler, R and Read, JL and Rendall, AR and Stobo-Wilson, A and Webb, J and Webber, BL and West, R and Ritchie, EG},
title = {Investigating the Causes of an Extinction Catastrophe: Controlling Introduced Predators Remains Essential for Conserving Australia's Mammals.},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {76},
number = {3},
pages = {294-307},
pmid = {41907829},
issn = {0006-3568},
abstract = {At least 40 Australian mammal spcies have been driven to extinction since European colonization in 1788. For conservation management to be effective, it is vital that the reasons for historical extinctions and ongoing declines are understood and remedied. A recent article (Wallach and Lundgren 2025) concluded that there was no compelling evidence that two introduced predators (domestic cats and red foxes) were primary causes of these mammal losses. We refute that article, finding substantial flaws in its premises, analyses, data, interpretations, and conclusions. Using multiple lines of evidence, we show that these two predators are strongly implicated in most Australian mammal extinctions and in the ongoing imperilment of numerous extant species. The devastating impact of cats and foxes on Australia's mammals has been widely recognized by conservation managers who have, in response, implemented national programs to control these predators, producing widely recognized benefits for one of the world's most remarkable native mammal faunas.},
}
@article {pmid41908914,
year = {2026},
author = {Doré, G and Barloy, D and Barloy-Hubler, F},
title = {First draft genome of the decaploid species, Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala, validated through gene expression.},
journal = {GigaByte (Hong Kong, China)},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {gigabyte176},
pmid = {41908914},
issn = {2709-4715},
abstract = {Invasive species are one of the biggest drivers of species extinction. Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala (Lgh) is widely invasive in aquatic ecosystems of Europe, North America, and Japan, and also colonizes emergent freshwater soils, but limited genomic data constrain studies of its invasiveness. Here, we report a draft genome assembly of Lgh, with a total length of 1.487 Gb, in agreement with the genome size estimated by flow cytometry, despite high fragmentation (111,219 contigs; N50 = 13.5 kb) and low sequencing depth (6.5× Illumina, 1.6× Nanopore). In addition, an analysis combining homology and expression data identified 139,095 protein-coding genes. Moreover, several indicators suggest that the observed fragmentation is largely attributable to unassembled repetitive regions. Thus, despite these limitations, this assembly represents the first genome in the Ludwigioideae subfamily and constitutes a valuable resource for gene discovery, functional genomics, phylogenetic reconstruction, and evolutionary analyses across the Onagraceae family.},
}
@article {pmid41912508,
year = {2026},
author = {Zheng, Y and Golledge, NR and Gossart, A and Shu, S},
title = {Expansion of Antarctic surface melt through the 21st century.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-71114-7},
pmid = {41912508},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {ANTA1801//Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment (MBIE)/ ; RTVU2206//Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment (MBIE)/ ; },
abstract = {Climate models show that Antarctic surface melt will increase through the current century. Surface melting changes ice sheet albedo, the availability of liquid water for endemic and invasive species, and may even accelerate ice shelf collapse and global sea level rise. Here we show, using 1 km downscaled projections of potential Antarctic surface melt, that the total area experiencing surface melt will expand by more than 10% by 2100 under a Shared Socio-economic Pathway 3-7.0 scenario, with increased potential melt totals likely to threaten the viability of ice shelves mostly in the West Antarctic Peninsula and Amundsen Sea Embayment, through an elevated risk of hydrofracture. By calculating the latitudinal rate of melt migration we also find that Shared Socio-economic Pathway 1-2.6 is the only emissions scenario under which the rate of future Antarctic surface melt expansion will stabilize at present levels.},
}
@article {pmid41721380,
year = {2026},
author = {Juozaitytė-Ngugu, E and Maziliauskaitė, E and Vaitkevičiūtė-Koklevičienė, R and Strazdaitė-Žielienė, &#x17d; and Servienė, E and Butkauskas, D and Prakas, P},
title = {First report of Atriotaenia tapeworms and Sarcocystis protists in invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Lithuania.},
journal = {BMC veterinary research},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41721380},
issn = {1746-6148},
support = {No. 101059985, No. 10-042-P-0002.//Horizon Europe Framework Programme (HORIZON), called Teaming for Excellence (HORIZON-WIDERA-2022-ACCESS-01-two-stage)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The raccoon (Procyon lotor), an introduced species in Europe, has exhibited significant population growth and successful adaptation to synanthropic environments over recent decades. In newly colonised areas, knowledge gaps remain regarding various aspects of raccoon ecology, including its behaviour, as well as associated parasites. The majority of pathogens identified in European raccoon populations to date possess documented epizootic and zoonotic potential. The objective of this study was to detect muscle parasites (Alaria spp., Sarcocystis spp., and Trichinella spp.) and to characterize Sarcocystis protists in intestinal scrapings of raccoons, as well as to visually inspect helminth species in six fecal samples.<br><br>METHODS: During the 2018&#x2013;2022 period, muscle, fecal and intestinal samples of 13 animals were examined. Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis protists and Cyclophyllidea tapeworms were morphologically characterized using light microscope (LM). Sarcocystis species were identified by means of 28&#xa0;S rRNA, ITS1, and cox1 sequence analysis. Cyclophyllidea tapeworms were confirmed by 12&#xa0;S rRNA sequence analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of Sarcocystis parasites and Cyclophyllidea tapeworms in seven (53.8%) of the raccoons examined. No Trichinella nematodes or Alaria trematodes were detected in the muscle samples by using an active artificial digestion method. In the small intestine, oocysts and/or sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. were observed by LM in five of the samples. One species of Atriotaenia cestode was detected in fecal samples of two raccoons. Based on DNA sequence results, Sarcocystis lutrae was identified in the muscles of a single raccoon from Lithuania. The present study provides the first report of seven distinct Sarcocystis taxa identified in raccoon intestines by molecular analyses, including Sarcocystis rileyi, which forms macroscopic sarcocysts in ducks, and Sarcocystis bovifelis, which infects cattle muscles. Based on 12&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing, Atriotaenia incisa was identified in two of the examined animals.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings expand current knowledge on the Sarcocystis species richness in carnivores. This study also reports the first identification of A. incisa in the feces of raccoons from Lithuania. This study demonstrates that broader sampling and detailed parasitological investigations are essential for a more complete characterization of raccoon parasite diversity.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-026-05345-7.},
}
@article {pmid41901473,
year = {2026},
author = {Medeiros, WJF and Lacerda, CF and Bezerra, BGMDC and Sales, JRDS and Alves, FGDS and Vasconcelos, ECG and Cândido, MJD and Machado, PIM and Bonilla, OH and Araújo, ICDS and Sousa, CHC and Bezerra, AME},
title = {Contrasting Responses of a Native Palm and an Invasive Vine to Flooding Stress: Implications for Orchard Regeneration in Caatinga Ecosystems.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {41901473},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {35960-62747.65.95/51//National Institute of Science and Technology in Sustainable Agriculture in Tropical Semi-arid-INCTAgriS (CNPq/FUNCAP/CAPES)/ ; Financial code 001//Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel Agency (CAPES)/ ; },
abstract = {The carnauba palm trees in the Caatinga ecosystem, in Northeast Brazil, have been impacted by invasive species, particularly in areas subject to flooding. This study aimed to evaluate morphological, physiological, and nutritional responses of Copernicia prunifera (native) and Cryptostegia madagascariensis (invasive) seedlings exposed to flooding stress. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with a split-plot arrangement and five replicates. The treatments were formed by two species and five periods of flood stress (0, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days). Flooding significantly reduced shoot dry mass in both species; however, the reduction was more pronounced in the invasive species (27%) compared to the native palm (20%). The invasive species showed strong use of resources, with higher values for leaf mineral nutrient, net photosynthesis, growth rate, and leaf area, regardless of the water regime. Under flooding, the invasive species produced adventitious roots, and the net photosynthetic rate was less impacted, despite greater sodium accumulation in the leaves. The results indicate that the characteristics of C. prunifera, such as slow growth rate, low specific leaf area, and morphological adaptations of the root system, may ensure greater stability in net carbon assimilation in the whole plant under flooding. However, the rapid growth and high absorption of soil resources of C. madagascariensis pose a significant threat to the establishment of C. prunifera seedlings, directly jeopardizing the long-term renewal of carnauba palm groves in the Caatinga ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid41902850,
year = {2026},
author = {Esser, EA and Ervin, GN and Lucardi, RD and Severns, PM and Womack-Peoples, ED and Bullard, SH and Schulz, AN},
title = {Harnessing Allelopathic Autotoxicity for Invasive Plant Management: Knowledge Gaps and Future Research Directions.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41902850},
issn = {1573-1561},
support = {23JV11330160055//Southern Research Station/ ; MISZ-069550//McIntire-Stennis/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41904221,
year = {2026},
author = {Moyneur, T and Giloni, K and Choe, DH},
title = {Vapor-phase (S)-methoprene alters cuticular hydrocarbons in the Argentine ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-44089-0},
pmid = {41904221},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {18-PML-R001//California Department of Pesticide Regulation/ ; Hatch project accession number: 7003981//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41905046,
year = {2026},
author = {Lages, B and Sousa, R and Cunha, SC and Souza-Kasprzyk, J and Fernandes, JO and Gámez, AN and Nóvoa, MF and Guedes, A and Alves, P and Niedzielski, P and Cortez, P and Sargo, R and Garcês, A and Loureiro, F and Teixeira, A and Padilha, J},
title = {First multi-contaminant assessment of the non-native American mink (Neogale vison) in Iberian freshwater ecosystems.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {508},
number = {},
pages = {141895},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141895},
pmid = {41905046},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Non-native predators can act simultaneously as stressors and sentinels of environmental quality. This study aimed to quantify multi-contaminant burdens, characterize tissue-specific accumulation patterns, and evaluate the influence of biological factors (sex and body size) and trophic ecology (δ[13]C, δ[15]N) on contaminant exposure in 49 American mink (Neogale vison) collected during control campaigns (2023-2024) from two freshwater ecosystems in northern Portugal Angueira and Maçãs. We quantified legacy contaminants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-BDEs) in liver, together with essential (EEs), potentially toxic (PTEs), and emerging technology-critical (TCEs) elements in kidney, muscle, and fur. Thirteen PBDE and MeO-BDE congeners and 63 elements were determined to characterize multi-contaminant burdens and tissue-specific accumulation patterns, and stable isotopes (δ[13]C, δ[15]N) to assess trophic position and contaminant-diet relationships. Liver ∑PBDE (0.0712 ng g[-1] w.w.) and ∑MeO-BDE (0.0645 ng g[-1] w.w.) concentrations were low compared with other regions or controlled exposure studies, suggesting limited regional inputs of these contaminants in the study area. No sex-related differences were detected. Fur accumulated most EEs and several PTEs (e.g., As, Sr), supporting its value as a non-invasive matrix. Stable isotopes indicated similar trophic positions between sexes (δ[13]C ≈ -25‰; δ[15]N ≈ 12‰) with moderate trophic niche overlap (38%). Weak-to-moderate positive correlations between δ[1] [5]N and some PBDE congeners suggest a potential trophic dietary contribution to exposure. Overall, American mink accumulated multiple contaminant classes at relatively low levels, with exposure mainly influenced by local environmental conditions and diet. Given that American mink individuals are routinely culled during management programs, our findings support their use as a multi-contaminant sentinel and highlight fur and liver as practical matrices for freshwater monitoring.},
}
@article {pmid41725015,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, R and Wang, Z and Liao, W and Wang, T and Su, Y},
title = {Mikania micrantha invasion restructures rhizosphere nitrogen cycling through enzyme activation, microbial recruitment, and allelopathic regulation.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41725015},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {31872670//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021A1515010911//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; 202206010107//Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou/ ; JCYJ20210324141000001//Project of Department of Science and Technology of Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China/ ; },
mesh = {*Rhizosphere ; *Mikania/microbiology/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Cycle ; *Introduced Species ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism/genetics ; Metagenomics ; Soil/chemistry ; Allelopathy ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Metabolomics ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase/metabolism/genetics ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification/enzymology ; Nitrate Reductase/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Plant invasions profoundly influence terrestrial ecosystems by reshaping nutrient cycling processes. However, the mechanisms through which invasive plants such as Mikania micrantha modulate soil nitrogen (N) cycling and microbial communities remain insufficiently explored. Moreover, comparative studies with indigenous congener are scarce, limiting insights into whether such effects reflect species-specific strategies or genus-wide traits. This study investigates how M. micrantha modulates nitrogen metabolic pathways and rhizosphere microecology using combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: Integrated analyses revealed that M. micrantha established a distinctive "high total nitrogen-low mineral nitrogen" profile in the rhizosphere soil. Metagenomic profiling showed consistent enrichment of key ammonium assimilation enzymes, including glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase, promoting enhanced incorporation of NH&#x2084;&#x207a; into organic nitrogen pools. In contrast, genes encoding nitrate reductase and nitrate transporters were significantly lower in relative abundance, limiting nitrate assimilation. Mikania micrantha also selectively enriched nitrogen-fixing microbes (notably rhizobia genera) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), thereby enhancing biological nitrogen fixation capacity. Metabolomic analysis further identified several allelopathic compounds in invaded soils at higher relative abundance, particularly epicatechin, which exhibited inhibitory effects on nitrifying bacteria. Compared with the congener Mikania cordata, which exerted weaker impacts on soil nitrogen cycling and microbial assembly, M. micrantha deployed a more comprehensive strategy integrating biochemical, microbial, and metabolic regulation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that under greenhouse-controlled conditions, M. micrantha reconfigures rhizosphere nitrogen cycling through a multi-dimensional strategy that couples biochemical regulation, microbial recruitment, and metabolite-mediated interference, thereby suggesting a potential mechanism that may contribute to its ecological advantage in natural settings. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid41889439,
year = {2026},
author = {Carval, D and Jacquelin, F and Soti, V and Paulin, L and Parnaudeau, R and Fisher, BL and Ramage, T},
title = {New ant records from La Réunion Island (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e188364},
pmid = {41889439},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: La Réunion Island (Mascarene Archipelago, south-western Indian Ocean) hosts a largely introduced ant fauna, shaped by historical and ongoing human-mediated introductions. Despite previous inventories, the ant fauna of the Island remains incompletely documented and updated faunistic records are needed to refine species checklists and improve knowledge of regional biodiversity. Documenting new occurrences contributes to a better understanding of species distributions, biogeographic patterns and invasion dynamics on oceanic islands, which are particularly vulnerable to biological invasions.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: Following recent fieldwork, we report eight new species for La R&#xe9;union Island: Brachymymex australis Forel, 1901; Cardiocondyla obscurior Wheeler, 1929; Monomorium exiguum Forel, 1894; Pheidole parva Mayr, 1865; Solenopsis globularia Smith, 1858; Solenopsis gr. pygmaea, Stigmatomma cf. zwaluwenburgi Williams, 1946; and Strumigenys membranifera Emery, 1869. All are introduced species with varying invasiveness status. This work brings the total number of ants known from La R&#xe9;union Island to 62, although the presence and identification of some species cited in literature and databases needs verification. Further collections may uncover additional introduced species in urbanised and anthropogenised habitats and native species specific to La R&#xe9;union Island or the Mascarene Islands in natural ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41898933,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, K},
title = {AI-LyD: An AI-Driven System Approach to Combatting Spotted Lanternfly Proliferation Through Behavioral Analysis.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17030272},
pmid = {41898933},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The spotted lanternfly (SLF, Lycorma delicatula) is an invasive planthopper causing severe agricultural and environmental damage in 20 U.S. states. SLF control remains constrained by (1) overreliance on broad-spectrum pesticides that harm nearby ecosystems, (2) inefficiency and ecological risk of alternative methods, and (3) underutilization of SLF behavioral traits and artificial intelligence (AI) in IPM. This study introduces AI-LyD, an AI-driven IPM framework integrating behavioral ecology, predictive modeling, image-based detection, and low-cost physical controls. Incorporating SLF behavioral constraints, including cold-exposure requirements for egg hatching, into ecological models improved prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.821, Sensitivity = 0.888, Kappa = 0.642) and reconstructed SLF distributions consistent with current proliferation trends. A YOLO-based detection model leveraging SLF clustering behavior improved identification accuracy from 84% to 96% and reduced false positives from 42% to 8% in real-world drone-collected imagery. Exploiting SLF crawling, jumping, and hydrophobic behaviors, the novel Aquabex water-moat device with an optimized 60° opening trapped 85% of Stage I-IV nymphs and reduced adult invasions by 67%, at an estimated cost below USD $0.50 per unit. Field deployments across four locations in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, achieved a 91% population reduction (95% CI: 90.1-92.0%). Together, these results establish AI-LyD as the first operational, scalable SLF IPM system, and this paradigm can be applied to controlling other invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41898975,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, C and Balkcom, KS},
title = {First Molecular Verification of the Two-Spot Cotton Leafhopper Amrasca biguttula (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the United States.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17030313},
pmid = {41898975},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {This report contains the first molecular record of the two-spot cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in the United States. Nymphs of multiple instars and adult specimens were collected from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) field in Macon County, Alabama, in August 2025. While distinct paired dark spots were observed on the forewings of adult specimens, this trait was inconsistently present on nymphal wing pads. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA barcoding confirmed the specimen identity. The United States sequence shared > 99% identity with Asian A. biguttula references, and phylogenetic analysis placed it within the A. biguttula clade with 100% posterior probability support. Although this pest was previously reported in 2023 from Puerto Rico based solely on morphological traits, our findings provide the first DNA-confirmed evidence of its presence in the United States. Given its well-documented role in damaging cotton across Asia and Africa, this report underscores the urgent need for monitoring and development of management strategies in United States cotton-growing regions.},
}
@article {pmid41900369,
year = {2026},
author = {Han, J and Chen, Y and Sheng, Q and Lu, W and Luo, M and Fu, B and Ma, D},
title = {Enhanced Biocontrol of Cotton Verticillium Wilt Through Optimized Solid-State Fermentation of Myxococcus fulvus KS01 Using Insect Frass as a Matrix.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms14030610},
pmid = {41900369},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2023TSYCLJ0011//Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region"Tianshan Talent"Training Program/ ; 32560033//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023SNGGGCC032//Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talent" Program for Key Agricultural and Rural Professionals/ ; XJARS-03//Specialist of the Pest and Disease Control Position within the Xinjiang Cotton Industry Technology System, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ ; },
abstract = {Cotton Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating soil-borne disease that severely limits global cotton production. While Myxococcus fulvus KS01 has demonstrated potent antagonistic activity and multi-functional biocontrol effects against V. dahliae, its practical application has been hindered by low myxospore yields and inconsistent efficacy in initial solid-state fermentation (SSF). This study aimed to optimize the SSF process for strain KS01 to maximize myxospore production and systematically evaluate its biocontrol efficacy against Verticillium wilt. Using a mixture of wheat straw and Protaetia brevitarsis frass (an agricultural byproduct) as the base substrate, we utilized single factor experiments and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize nutritional supplements and fermentation parameters. The optimized SSF process was determined as follows: a 3:1 (w/w) frass-to-straw ratio, supplemented with 3.08% potato starch and 1.05% yeast powder, with a 15.03% inoculum size, 65.05% moisture content, and an initial pH of 7.0, fermented at 30 °C for 6 days. Under these conditions, the myxospore concentration reached 6.61 × 10[7] CFU/g, representing a 131.2-fold increase compared to unoptimized conditions (5.0 × 10[5] CFU/g). Greenhouse pot trials showed that the optimized KS01 solid agent achieved a control efficacy of 71.9%. In field trials conducted in heavily infested soil, the agent maintained control efficacies of 71.2% at the budding stage and 54.5% at the bolling stage, significantly outperforming the commercial fungicide Benziothiazolinone (51.4% and 41.4%, respectively) and the sterile substrate control. Furthermore, application of the KS01 agent significantly promoted cotton growth, with seed cotton yield reaching 5380.0 kg/ha, equating to a 50.4% reduction in yield loss compared to the untreated control. Our results demonstrate that the valorization of P. brevitarsis frass through optimized SSF significantly enhances the production and field performance of M. fulvus KS01. This study provides a novel technical framework and a robust microbial resource for the sustainable management of Verticillium wilt in saline alkali cotton production systems.},
}
@article {pmid41901417,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, B and Lin, M and Liu, S and Ye, X and Chen, S},
title = {National-Scale Conservation Gaps and Priority Areas for Invasive Plant Control in China: An Integrated MaxEnt-InVEST Framework.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15060898},
pmid = {41901417},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Invasive alien plants (IAPs) pose a severe and escalating threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services in China. However, a systematic nationwide assessment that identifies invasion hotspots, quantifies their overlap with protected area networks, and pinpoints critical conservation gaps is still lacking. This hinders the development of spatially targeted management strategies. To address this, we developed an integrated analytical framework coupling the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model with the InVEST habitat quality model. Using a high-resolution, county-level distribution database of 293 IAPs, we mapped potential species richness and habitat degradation across China. The geo-detector model was further employed to identify the primary environmental factors and their interactions. Spatial overlay analysis was conducted to delineate core invasion habitats (areas of high invasion suitability and high degradation) and assess their coverage within China's national nature reserves. Nighttime light intensity (DMSP, 34.39%), annual precipitation (Bio12, 14.16%), and mean diurnal range (Bio2, 11.82%) were the factors with the highest contribution in the model, highlighting the statistical interaction between anthropogenic pressure and climatic conditions. The core invasion habitat spanned 20.10 × 10[4] km[2], predominantly (66.04%) concentrated in high-intensity human disturbance zones. Notably, only 11.18% of this core habitat falls within existing national nature reserves, revealing a vast conservation gap of 17.85 × 10[4] km[2]. Our results indicate a profound spatial mismatch between invasion hotspots and the current protected area network in China. We prioritize southeastern coastal urban agglomerations-characterized by high anthropogenic pressure (DMSP), high precipitation (Bio12), and low diurnal temperature range (Bio2)-for immediate monitoring and intervention. This integrated assessment provides a national-scale, spatially explicit prediction of invasion risk for 293 plant species in China, and offers an evidence-based decision-support tool for optimizing invasive species management and biodiversity conservation.},
}
@article {pmid41689824,
year = {2026},
author = {de Oliveira Soares, N and Donato, LMS and Oliveira, VAV and de Oliveira, J&#xc2;M and Ruas, MAO and Santos, EJR and Guimarães, YSS and Afonso, GM and Souza, RF and Tuffi Santos, LD},
title = {Management of Tithonia diversifolia (hemsl.) A. gray with herbicides as a strategy to reduce biological invasion of the species.},
journal = {Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes},
volume = {61},
number = {4},
pages = {164-175},
doi = {10.1080/03601234.2026.2630570},
pmid = {41689824},
issn = {1532-4109},
mesh = {*Herbicides/pharmacology ; *Introduced Species ; *Weed Control/methods ; *Plant Weeds/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Glycine/analogs &amp; derivatives ; *Asteraceae/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Glyphosate ; },
abstract = {This study evaluated the efficiency of herbicides used in pre and post-emergence to control Tithonia diversifolia. The first study tested atrazine, oxyfluorfen, fomesafen, and nicosulfuron in pre and initial post-emergence applications. Post-emergence applications of glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, 2,4-D, and picloram targeted young plants of seminiferous and vegetative origin. In the field, glyphosate, 2,4-D, and picloram were tested for adult plants. A control treatment without herbicide application was included for comparison. Atrazine, oxyfluorfen, and fomesafen achieved 100% control in pre and initial post-emergence, whereas nicosulfuron was ineffective against the species. Picloram provided excellent post-emergence control (>99%) of adult plants in the field and young plants from seeds and cuttings, even at doses lower than those recommended for other species. Glyphosate effectively controlled young plants, but doses above 2400 g a.e. ha[-1] were necessary for adult plants. Ammonium glufosinate at a dose of 800 g a.e. ha[-1] promoted control of over 80% in seedlings from seeds and cuttings. Higher doses of 2,4-D effectively controlled both adult and young plants. Glyphosate, 2,4-D, and picloram effectively controlled both young and adult plants. The study provides an alternative to control T. diversifolia, this important invader of natural and agricultural systems in tropical and subtropical regions.},
}
@article {pmid41772462,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Z and Shi, X and Liu, L and Guo, W},
title = {Invasion of old world Tamarix chinensis and T. ramosissima in the new world: ecological niche shifts during the invasion process.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41772462},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {32360084//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U22A20558//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2024MC091//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Biological invasions under global climate change can profoundly affect ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Understanding how invasive species adjust their ecological niches in novel environments is essential for predicting invasion risks and informing management strategies. This study focuses on two rapidly expanding Tamarix species in North America, T. chinensis and T. ramosissima, aiming to determine whether niche shifts occurred during invasion and to identify their potential drivers. We initially considered 19 bioclimatic variables for analysis, but retained eight after correlation filtering. These variables were then used to compare populations between the native range (Eurasia) and the invaded range (North America) to identify the key climatic determinants of distribution patterns. Niche overlap analyses revealed low niche similarity between Eurasian and North American populations, while niche centroid shifts indicated a tendency of the invaded populations toward drier and warmer environments, accompanied by a slight contraction trend. Using the MaxEnt model with current climate data (1970–2000) and future projections for 2070 under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, we found that suitable habitats for both species are expected to expand further across the Northern Hemisphere and shift markedly toward higher latitudes. These findings provide a novel empirical perspective for exploring the ecological niche adaptation of invasive species and their responses to environmental changes.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-026-08415-y.},
}
@article {pmid41886928,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhou, J and Cricchio, J and Sylvester, F and Posthuma, L and Wilkes, MA and Di Minin, A and Hollert, H and Brack, W and Orsini, L},
title = {Towards a unified framework for biodiversity action in the Triple Planetary Crisis.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {110205},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2026.110205},
pmid = {41886928},
issn = {1873-6750},
abstract = {Climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss constitute the Triple Planetary Crisis, eroding the ecological foundations of economies, public health, and human wellbeing. Yet among these threats, biodiversity remains the least understood and least integrated into policy and decision-making. Monitoring efforts are fragmented and often fail to capture how multiple pressures-chemical pollution, invasive species, habitat degradation, eutrophication, and climate extremes-interact to drive non-linear ecosystem decline. This gap leaves societies poorly equipped to anticipate and mitigate ecological risks. We outline an interdisciplinary framework that combines deep-time ecological and environmental records with emerging forecasting tools to reconstruct long-term baselines and predict complex biodiversity responses to interacting stressors. We further identify pathways to embed these diagnostics into economic and governance systems, linking biodiversity directly to risk assessment, investment decisions, and regulatory frameworks. Together, these advances point toward a decision-support platform that enables governments, businesses, and communities to anticipate risks, evaluate interventions, and design strategies that align biodiversity protection with resilience in economies and societies.},
}
@article {pmid41888537,
year = {2026},
author = {Pattanayak, A and Maiti, P},
title = {Evaluation of allelopathic potentialities of an invasive taxon, Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, and bio-assay-guided identification of the involved allelochemicals.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-43350-w},
pmid = {41888537},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Weeds in crop fields pose a serious threat and devastate the overall agro-economy. Popular weed management techniques include manual and mechanical tillage, as well as the application of synthetic herbicides. These are used worldwide but have tremendous harmful side effects on both human health and environmental sustainability. So, alternative techniques are in great demand. The use of invasive alien species, with allelopathic potentialities against obnoxious weeds, has emerged as an alternative strategy for the formulation of environmentally safe bioherbicides. In the present investigation, extracts of an invasive species, Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze was evaluated for their allelopathic effects on three test species Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, and Parthenium hysterophorus L. Hexane-ethyl acetate fraction (1:1 and 1:2) of the methanolic leaf extract of M. suaveolens exhibits maximum inhibition. Allelochemicals affected the T50 (time required for 50% germination of the total seeds) value of the bioassay materials in reference to the control. Biochemical analysis of the seeds treated with allelochemicals elucidated the reduction in insoluble carbohydrates, nucleic acids, protein-amino acid contents, and amylase action. The standard physical parameters also get affected. An increase in the stress-related antioxidant defence enzymes- catalase (166.81%), superoxide dismutase (242.02%), peroxidase (80.19%), as well as soluble carbohydrate (131.53%) was observed in both the treated seeds and seedlings. The pigment profiles, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, changed. Proline contents get altered (102.43%). There was a significant change in the levels of indole acetic acid (47.77%), gibberellin (52.23%), and nitrites (182.62%) in the allelochemical-treated seedlings. Bioassay-guided fractionation with GC-MS analysis identified the major allelochemicals as 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, transferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, sabinene monohydrate, and p-coumaric acid. In-silico analysis showed that the reported allelochemicals exhibit strong binding affinities. Chlorogenic acid (- 6.24 and - 6.32 kcal/mol) interacted prominently with tryptophan synthase β-subunit (PDB: 5DW3) and auxin-binding protein 1 (PDB: 1LRH), while caryophyllene oxide (-6.91 kcal/mol) modulated the activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (PDB: 6J63). The present findings firmly establish the allelopathic potential of the invasive herb M. suaveolens as a robust, eco-friendly bioherbicide and provide clear direction for the sustainable management of the alien species.},
}
@article {pmid41708906,
year = {2026},
author = {Zielinski, DP},
title = {Analyzing leaping and movement potential at a migratory barrier.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41708906},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Evaluating passage performance at migratory barriers is essential for managing connectivity within a watershed and is essential for improvements to fish passage and, in some cases, with invasive species control. To quantify upstream passage opportunities at barriers with complex geometry, a 3-D stochastic leaping model that couples species-specific behavior with hydraulics derived from Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations is developed. The model expands on traditional ballistic-trajectory models to evaluate attempts from any location downstream of a barrier and integrates stochastic variation in fish characteristics—including body length, launch speed, and leap origin—while maintaining computationally-derived local velocity and depth inputs in three dimensions. The revised model provides a spatially detailed assessment of conditions most conducive to successful leaping attempts, offering a more comprehensive evaluation of conditional passage probability at migratory barriers. Applied to two case studies (Union Street Dam—calibration; FishPass arc–labyrinth and low-flow weir—design), the model predicted conditional passage probabilities ranged from < 1% at base flow to ~ 10% at a 200-year flood. Results highlight how barrier geometry, tailwater depth, and flow cues shape leaping success, providing actionable guidance for either facilitating desirable passage or strengthening migration barriers.},
}
@article {pmid41876966,
year = {2026},
author = {Eshetu, FB and Barnes, I and Nahrung, HF and Fitza, KNE and Slippers, B},
title = {A Century of Invasion: How Biosecurity Influenced Populations of Sirex noctilio and Its Fungal Symbiont in Australasia.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {e70311},
pmid = {41876966},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {//Australian National Sirex Co-ordinate Committee/ ; //Tree Protection Co-operative Programme/ ; //University of Pretoria/ ; //University of Tasmania/ ; //Forest Research Institute/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Australasia ; *Genetics, Population ; Genetic Variation ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Australia ; *Basidiomycota/genetics ; New Zealand ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; },
abstract = {The woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, and its mutualistic fungal symbiont, Amylostereum areolatum, are native to Eurasia and northern Africa. Sirex noctilio was first reported outside its native range in New Zealand in 1900, Tasmania in 1952 and mainland Australia in 1961. In this study, we consider the invasion history of these organisms across Australasia through population genetic analysis using mitochondrial sequence data and microsatellite markers and compared them with a previously published dataset from global collections. The study included contemporary (n = 461) and historical (n = 41) samples of S. noctilio dating back to 1952 and fungal (n = 176) samples from across the range. No population structure was found in Australian and New Zealand populations of S. noctilio or the fungal symbiont A. areolatum, reflecting both the natural (within the countries) and human-assisted (between the countries) spread of these symbionts. The S. noctilio populations in these countries had lower genetic diversity than other populations sampled globally. Amylostereum areolatum populations from Australia and New Zealand clustered separately from all other countries and were highly clonal. While the results suggested multiple early introductions in these two countries, it also reflected an efficient recent quarantine system that isolated these populations and reduced their complexity compared to other parts of the world. The findings also have relevance to the application of biological control for the pest complex.},
}
@article {pmid41882361,
year = {2026},
author = {Snelling, EP and Lensink, AV and Clusella-Trullas, S and Weldon, C and Lehmann, P and Terblanche, JS and Payne, NL and Harrison, JF and Hickey, AJR and Donaldson, A and Deschodt, CM and Seymour, RS},
title = {Oxygen supply through the tracheolar-muscle system does not constrain insect gigantism.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41882361},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {The idea that atmospheric oxygen has dictated the maximum body size of insects across their evolutionary history is ingrained in popular and scientific literature[1-3]. In Nature 30 years ago, the hypothesis was put forward that a limitation on oxygen diffusion at the level of the tracheoles constrains the maximum body size of insects and that increased atmospheric oxygen concentration in the late Palaeozoic permitted insect gigantism[4]. Here we contest this hypothesis by showing that the relative space occupied by tracheoles in the flight muscle of insects (1) increases by only 1.8-fold over a 10,000-fold body mass range (1,320 micrographs, 44 species, 10 orders), (2) is typically 1% or less in most species, and (3) that this observation holds when we extend our relationship to the long-extinct gigantic dragonfly-like Meganeuropsis permiana (approximately 100 g). The small space requirement and the lack of a strong increase in tracheolar investment with body size, despite clear evolutionary potential to do so, provide convincing evidence that diffusive oxygen transport through the tracheolar-muscle system does not constrain the maximum body size of extant or gigantic prehistoric insects.},
}
@article {pmid41886844,
year = {2026},
author = {Byun, C and Singh, K},
title = {Independent and hierarchical effects of ecological factors on invasion resistance to Rumex acetosella: Priority effects dominate.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {404},
number = {},
pages = {129486},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129486},
pmid = {41886844},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Biotic resistance-the ability of native communities to suppress the establishment and spread of invasive species-is influenced by multiple ecological mechanisms. However, their relative importance when operating simultaneously remains poorly understood. We conducted a factorial greenhouse experiment to evaluate six factors hypothesized to confer invasion resistance: functional similarity, species diversity, priority effects, native seed density, propagule pressure, and soil carbon enrichment. Using Rumex acetosella L. as a model invader and 12 native species representing three functional groups, we quantified biotic resistance through the relative competition index across 270 experimental units. Structural equation modeling revealed a clear hierarchy among mechanisms. Priority effects exerted the strongest influence on invasion resistance (β = +0.434, P < 0.0001), followed by native seed density (β = +0.186, P = 0.001). Early establishment of natives three weeks before the invader approximately doubled resistance compared to simultaneous sowing. In contrast, diversity, functional similarity, propagule pressure, and soil carbon enrichment showed no significant effects. Critically, we detected no significant interactions among factors, indicating that these mechanisms operate largely independently rather than synergistically. Native plant cover and light interception were positively correlated with invasion resistance, indicating that rapid canopy development and light pre-emption represent proximate pathways linking early arrival and higher seeding rates to invader suppression. These results establish a management hierarchy: early native establishment provides the strongest defense against invasion, with seed density offering secondary reinforcement. These findings challenge the conventional emphasis on diversity and trait-matching in restoration design.},
}
@article {pmid41874663,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, C and Lin, M and Hu, T and Zeng, Y and Zeng, R and Wang, C},
title = {Linking Bacterial r/k Ecological Shifts to Spatiotemporal Nitrogen Removal Dynamics in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00248-026-02742-1},
pmid = {41874663},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {NO.2024SJRC4//the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS/ ; NO.LTO2326//State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; NO.2023A04J0897//Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project/ ; NO.SL2023E04J00185//Demonstration and Promotion of Key Technologies for Land-based Factory Farming of Hybrid Eleotris oxycephala/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41871814,
year = {2026},
author = {Shimamoto, T and Furusho, K},
title = {Hair progesterone reflects past reproductive activity in the invasive Pallas's squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus.},
journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {114915},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2026.114915},
pmid = {41871814},
issn = {1095-6840},
abstract = {Integrated approaches to physiology and ecology offer powerful tools to assess individual- and population-level health. Although hair glucocorticoid analysis is widely used as a physiological indicator, hair progesterone has recently attracted attention as a potential measure of reproductive health that may integrate information on past reproductive activity. Here, we examined the assay validation and biological utility of hair progesterone analysis as an indicator of long-term reproductive activity in Pallas's squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus. A hair progesterone enzyme immunoassay was validated and used to compare hair progesterone concentrations (HPC) between sexes and age classes. The effects of current and past reproductive activity (pregnancy and number of placental scars), body condition, age, and season (hair non-growth vs. growth season) on adult female HPC were investigated. The analytical assay validation was successful. Adult females had significantly higher HPC than juvenile males, adult males, and juvenile females. Although there was no effect of current reproductive activity, past reproductive activity (as indexed by the number of placental scars) significantly influenced adult female HPC, such that female Pallas's squirrels with more placental scars had higher HPC. There was also a significant positive impact of season on HPC, and females with better body condition tended to have higher HPC. Hair progesterone is therefore an integrative physiological indicator of past reproductive activity in Pallas's squirrels, with potential applications in the prediction of population dynamics to inform the management of this invasive squirrel.},
}
@article {pmid41873177,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, Y and Chen, D and Xing, Z and He, H and Cai, Z and Zhao, Y and Guénard, B and Xu, Y},
title = {Co-invasion of multiple invasive ants exacerbates the impacts on native ant communities.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70274},
pmid = {41873177},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {32261160374//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; N_HKU792/22//National Natural Science Foundation of China/RGC Joint Research Scheme/ ; },
abstract = {The structure and function of native ant communities are increasingly threatened by the growing number of biological invaders spread around the world. Although the detrimental impacts of single-species invasions on native ant communities have been well-documented, the ecological consequences of co-invasion events are poorly understood. We hypothesize that co-invasion impacts native ant communities more than single-species invasions. This effect is attributed to reduced discovery and recruitment times of invasive ants during co-invasion, ultimately bolstering their competitive advantage for food resources. We surveyed the taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD), and functional (FD) diversity of native ant communities under varying levels of invasive ant presence and documented discovery and recruitment times of invasive and native ants at different baits. Results show that the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of native ant communities is significantly reduced in the presence of invasive ants compared to non-invaded communities. Moreover, the number of invasive ant species, or magnitude of co-invasion, exhibits a greater negative impact on native ant communities. Foraging competition assays demonstrate that the impacts of invasive ants are not immediately evident in metrics such as bait discovery and recruitment intensity, but are manifest in bait domination. The presence of invasive ants substantially reduced the proportion of bait occupied by native ants, and this effect intensified with more invasive species. In conclusion, co-invasion exacerbates impacts on native ant communities, with potential repercussions for broader ecosystems, warranting further attention.},
}
@article {pmid41865435,
year = {2026},
author = {Yue, C and Tao, Z and Chai, Z and Li, T and Feng, Z and Wu, Y and Hu, Z and Liu, Y and Shi, S and Yang, W and Tian, W and Tang, YZ},
title = {An integrated morpho-molecular approach revealed dinoflagellate cysts diversity in ballast tank sediments of foreign ships.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {228},
number = {},
pages = {119568},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119568},
pmid = {41865435},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Ships' ballast water has become a major vector for the global dispersal of marine organisms since 1990s. Dinoflagellate resting cysts in ballast tank sediments (BTS) pose significant ecological risks because they can survive for decades and may provide "seedlings" via germination to initiate harmful algal blooms. Despite advances in molecular technologies, diversity assessment of dinoflagellate cysts in BTS has not been firmly based on a convincing morpho-molecular approach. We combined light microscopy and single-cyst PCR sequencing (LM-ScPCR sequencing) together with laboratory germination to identify dinoflagellate cysts in BTS from five international vessels arriving in China. Key findings include: 1) LM-ScPCR sequencing identified 59 dinoflagellate resting cysts (40 fully identified to species level and 19 to genus level), belonging to 35 dinoflagellate species. Of these, 26 (74.3%) were fully identified as well-described species, including 5 new records for China and 9 toxic and/or HABs-causing species (e.g. Gymnodinium catenatum, Alexandrium ostenfeldii, A. insuetum). Notably, the diversity of dinoflagellate species varied among ships from different route; 2) Cyst germination experiments identified 4 dinoflagellate species (2 to species level, 2 potentially novel species), 3 of which may be harmful because other members of their con-generic species are proven toxic/harmful; and 3) Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple unclassified taxa likely representing novel species, and novel ribo-types of species that may pose a new type of alien "species" invasion risk. Our findings further necessitate more intensive assessment and strengthened management practice in order to more effectively monitor and mitigate invasion threats.},
}
@article {pmid41866706,
year = {2026},
author = {Gao, FQ and Zhang, XY and Kyerematen, R and Hu, G and Early, R and Chapman, JW},
title = {Potential patterns of fall armyworm seasonal migration in West Africa modeled with atmospheric trajectory analyses.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70732},
pmid = {41866706},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//University of Exeter/ ; //China Scholarship Council/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The migratory invasive species fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW) has established year-round populations in several West African countries following its initial invasion of Africa in early 2016. However, its seasonal migratory dynamics within West Africa remain poorly understood. If FAW populations in West Africa were able to successfully cross the Sahara Desert and serve as a major source population in North Africa, this could increase the risk of further invasion into southern Europe. In this study, we used atmospheric data to perform trajectory simulations, predicting the seasonal migratory pathways of short-distance migratory FAW individuals within West African breeding habitats and assessing the monthly probabilities of long-distance migrants departing from West Africa successfully crossing the Sahara Desert.<br><br>RESULTS: The results indicate that from May to September, the vast majority of short-distance migrants (>70%) remained within West African breeding habitats, whereas in other months, a larger proportion of individuals were blown into the Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, short-distance migrants exhibited clear seasonal movement patterns within West Africa: shifting southwestward from January to May, turning northeastward in June and July, and returning southwestward from August to December. Long-distance migrants had an extremely low success rate (&#x2264;0.3%) of crossing the Sahara Desert, which occurred only between February and April each year.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study revealed the seasonal migration patterns of FAW within West Africa, providing important insights for predicting regional outbreak risks and optimizing management strategies in the region. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41871363,
year = {2026},
author = {Kouba, A and Das, K and Guo, W and Marková, K and Veselý, L and Oficialdegui, FJ and Lipták, B and Kubec, J and Koubová, A and Bláha, M and Niksirat, H and Patoka, J and Weiperth, A and Haubrock, PJ and Buřič, M},
title = {Life history responses of four invasive crayfish species under prolonged suboptimal temperatures.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icag014},
pmid = {41871363},
issn = {1557-7023},
abstract = {Biological invasions are strongly shaped by temperature, especially in poikilothermic organisms, where thermal regimes influence life-history traits, thereby determining both their competitive potential and geographic distribution. However, comparative evidence on how suboptimal thermal conditions modulate interactions among co-occurring invasive species remains scarce. We experimentally compared the growth, survival, and reproductive performance of the invasive parthenogenetic marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis with three widespread North American crayfish invaders in Europe: the spiny-cheek crayfish Faxonius limosus, the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, and the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Experiments were conducted under prolonged suboptimal conditions (~16°C over 45 weeks), followed by a short-term temperature increase (~20°C). Across three independent laboratory trials, we assessed species performance in single-species and mixed-species stocks. Despite reduced absolute growth rates at low temperature, marbled crayfish rapidly compensated for their initially smaller size and outperformed spiny-cheek crayfish in growth and survival. In contrast, marbled crayfish were consistently suppressed when co-occurring with the larger and more aggressive red swamp crayfish, whereas interactions with signal crayfish resulted in temporary growth advantages but ultimately size convergence. Survival patterns reflected a combination of size asymmetries, behavioural dominance, and intraspecific aggression, with marbled crayfish exhibiting notably high survival in single-species stocks across all trials. Reproductive development was strongly temperature-constrained. While marbled crayfish readily formed glair glands and ovulated eggs at 16°C, successful hatching occurred only after the temperature was raised. Our results demonstrate that suboptimal thermal conditions do not eliminate competitive asymmetries among invasive crayfish but instead reshape invasion outcomes in species-specific ways. These findings highlight the marbled crayfish's capacity to persist and interact competitively even in colder environments, with important implications for invasion dynamics under ongoing climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41862543,
year = {2026},
author = {Tölgyesi, C and Hábenczyus, AA and Molnár, F and Bán, KA and Lőrincz, &#xc1; and Frei, K and Bátori, Z and Erdős, L and Czékus, Z and Ördög, A and Kovács, KT and Török, P and Poór, P},
title = {Promising biocontrol effects of a native hemiparasitic plant against a non-native C4 grass.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-44801-0},
pmid = {41862543},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Hemiparasitic plants are known to be able to diversify degraded grasslands by lowering the competitive power of dominant grasses. Recent research indicates that hemiparasites may also be used against invasive alien plants. Here, we tested the effects of Odontites luteus, a native European hemiparasite, on Sporobolus cryptandrus, a recently established and rapidly spreading C4 grass of North-American origin. We found that Odontites considers Sporobolus a suitable host and reduces its biomass production (and potentially its competitive ability) by approx. 50%, equaling the effect on its major native host, Festuca vaginata. However, Festuca showed severe metabolic impairment (reduced photosynthetic capacity and increased physiological stress) under hemiparasite pressure. So, the application of hemiparasites is a promising biocontrol tool against Sporobolus (and potentially other invasive C4 grasses), but it is not a silver bullet. We cannot expect a full eradication of the invasive species and a recovery of the native community but thinning monodominant Sporobolus stands to allow certain populations of native species, particularly those resistant to Odontites, to come back is a more realistic goal. This could lead to a partial recovery of the former species composition and an improvement of ecosystem functions, such as providing food for pollinators.},
}
@article {pmid41863943,
year = {2026},
author = {Mao, X and Zheng, H and Luo, G and Liao, S and Liu, Y and Tang, M and Chen, H},
title = {Invasion dynamics of Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1832) in China: evidence of niche shifts and assessment of potential risk to urban and forest areas.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {404},
number = {},
pages = {129394},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129394},
pmid = {41863943},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1832) is a highly invasive species originating from North America that has expanded across the Northern Hemisphere since the 1960s. While broadly problematic, this pest poses particularly significant ecological and economic threats to Platanus spp. in China. To evaluate the invasion potential of C. ciliata in China under global change, we analyzed ecological niche dynamics and projected its future distribution by integrating occurrence data from both native and invasive ranges with bioclimatic, topographic, and land-use variables. Niche shifts between the native (North America) and invasive (China) ranges were quantified using the centroid shift, overlap, unfilling, and expansion framework. An ensemble species distribution modeling approach was applied to predict current and future habitat suitability across China under scenarios that jointly consider climate and land use change. Results revealed low niche overlap and substantial expansion in China, indicating a shift toward novel climatic conditions. Isothermality, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, and precipitation of the coldest quarter were key predictors of habitat suitability. The current potential distribution is concentrated in eastern and central China. Future projections suggest a general contraction in suitable habitat, particularly under high-emission scenarios, but with a marked increase in invasion risk to urban areas. Subtropical forest regions are expected to remain highly vulnerable. These findings highlight the climatic adaptability of C. ciliata. We recommend strict quarantine in high-risk subtropical zones and diversifying urban street trees to mitigate future invasion risks.},
}
@article {pmid41865076,
year = {2026},
author = {Meikle, WG and Weiss, M and Adjaye, D and Ricigliano, VA},
title = {Honey bee genetic resistance outperforms a cold-storage induced halt in brood production to control mites and viruses.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-44701-3},
pmid = {41865076},
issn = {2045-2322},
}
@article {pmid41861986,
year = {2026},
author = {Sasaki, M and Ishikawa, T},
title = {First record of the invasive American tapeworm Ophiotaenia saphena (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) in the Tokyo daruma pond frog Pelophylax porosus porosus in Japan.},
journal = {Parasitology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103270},
doi = {10.1016/j.parint.2026.103270},
pmid = {41861986},
issn = {1873-0329},
abstract = {Adult proteocephalid tapeworms of the genus Ophiotaenia (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) were recovered from the endemic Japanese amphibian species, Pelophylax porosus porosus (Amphibia: Ranidae) from Tochigi, Japan. As a result of molecular analyses based on the 28S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes, these worms were identified as Ophiotaenia saphena, a species native to North America. Their morphological features were also consistent with those of O. saphena. This species is presumed to have been introduced into Japan with the American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus (Ranidae). This study presents the first record of O. saphena in Japan and documents a new host record for this species.},
}
@article {pmid41787697,
year = {2026},
author = {Fryer, ER and O'Dell, R and Grossenbacher, DL and Shon, A and McKinnon, S and Rajakaruna, N},
title = {Soil, competition, and niche shifts shape the floral mosaic of an annual plant diversity hotspot.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {113},
number = {3},
pages = {e70171},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70171},
pmid = {41787697},
issn = {1537-2197},
support = {//Torrey Botanical Society/ ; //Garden Club of America/ ; //U.S. Bureau of Land Management/ ; //Frost Summer Undergraduate Research Program/ ; //Northern California Botanists/ ; //Southern California Botanists/ ; //California Botanical Society/ ; //California Native Plant Society/ ; //California Native Plant Society Marin Chapter/ ; //California Native Plant Society Alta Peak Chapter/ ; //California Native Plant Society Santa Clara Valley Chapter/ ; //California Native Plant Society San Luis Obispo Chapter/ ; //College of Science and Mathematics, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil/chemistry ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Flowers/physiology ; California ; Desert Climate ; *Bromus/physiology ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Plant species with affinity for harsh substrates often have well-defined edaphic (soil) niches and are ideal for exploring questions of community assembly. Vertic clay soils are chemically and physically challenging to plant establishment and productivity, and annual plant communities associated with these soils of the San Joaquin Desert (California, USA) form a distinctive mosaic pattern of species that reflects differences in soil properties across the landscape.<br><br>METHODS: We analyzed soil properties to determine how heterogeneous soils at two field sites in the San Joaquin Desert differed among the realized niches of 12 native annual forb species with an affinity for vertic clay soils. We then conducted a pot study with the same species to test if species differed in their realized and fundamental edaphic niches, and to examine the competition effects of an invasive annual grass (Bromus rubens) on these species' edaphic niches.<br><br>RESULTS: From our field study, we found some differences in the vertic clay soils between the realized niches of species at both sites. In our pot study, we found species had similar fundamental edaphic niche optima in our treatment soils and that several species' competitive ability varied with the edaphic stress in our treatment soils. For some species, differences in competitive ability led to shifts in edaphic niche optima, likely contributing to more divergent realized niches.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The combination of competitive pressure and abiotic stress drove differences between the realized niche and fundamental niche for species in a novel, heterogeneous study system.},
}
@article {pmid41855935,
year = {2026},
author = {Hyams-Kaphzan, O and Almogi-Labin, A and Rilov, G and Panov, J and Kitin, M and Herut, B and Golomb, D and Guy-Haim, T},
title = {Macroalgal dynamics shape epiphytic foraminiferal assemblages in the eastern Mediterranean rocky reef.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {107976},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107976},
pmid = {41855935},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Epiphytism of macroalgae by benthic foraminifera is a common commensal association in rocky intertidal and subtidal reefs. This interaction may be directly and indirectly influenced by climate change and bioinvasions. We investigated this association on rocky reefs of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, a recognized hotspot of biological invasions and rapid warming, with the aim of establishing a recent baseline of epiphytic foraminiferal dynamics for future monitoring. Epiphytic benthic foraminifera (EBF) attached to macroalgal hosts representing diverse species were collected across seasons and along a very shallow-to-intermediate depth gradient at several rocky reef sites between 2013 and 2017. Macroalgae from all surveyed reefs hosted diverse EBF assemblages composed of both native and alien species. Assemblages were largely dominated by the invasive, endosymbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifer Amphistegina lobifera, together with native taxa including Pararotalia calcariformata, Textularia agglutinans, and Tretomphalus bulloides. The alien miliolids Sigmamiliolinella australis and Borelis schlumbergeri were recorded alive for the first time in this region, although the latter occurred at low abundances. Algal type and complexity, site, depth, season, and year significantly structured EBF assemblages, whereas no significant differences were detected between sites located inside and outside a marine protected area (MPA). The richest EBF communities occurred on Halopteris scoparia and Laurenciella marilzae, while Dictyota dichotoma and Liagora ceranoides supported the lowest diversity. Spring and summer exhibited the highest richness of larger benthic foraminifera. This study provides a dynamic baseline for epiphytic benthic foraminiferal communities associated with Levantine macroalgae, highlighting increasing invasion dominance and potential responses to ongoing warming.},
}
@article {pmid41857322,
year = {2026},
author = {Casabella-Herrero, G and Martín-Torrijos, L and Pérez-Ortega, S and Diéguez-Uribeondo, J},
title = {Host preference and specialization in the genus Aphanomyces (Oomycetes) from molecular and interaction network insights.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-44513-5},
pmid = {41857322},
issn = {2045-2322},
}
@article {pmid41859993,
year = {2026},
author = {Piekara-Stępińska, A and Lachowicz-Wolak, A and Piekarska, J and Gorczykowski, M},
title = {Presence of nematodes in giant African land snails kept as pets in Poland.},
journal = {Polish journal of veterinary sciences},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {63-69},
doi = {10.24425/pjvs.2026.158502},
pmid = {41859993},
issn = {2300-2557},
mesh = {Animals ; Poland/epidemiology ; *Snails/parasitology ; *Nematoda/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; *Pets/parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; },
abstract = {The aim of this study was to assess the presence and identity of nematodes in pet giant African land snails (Lissachatina fulica) in Poland using microscopic and molecular techniques. Lissachatina fulica, syn. Achatina fulica, a giant African land snail is not only considered a free-living invasive species and an intermediate host of some parasites, but is also gaining importance as a pet animal living in close contact with humans. In this research, pooled fecal samples and mucus swabs were obtained from 49 pet giant land snails (11 private collections) living in different regions of Poland. The samples were examined using microscopic techniques (Lugol staining, Baermann larvoscopy) and PCR to investigate the presence of nematodes. The microscopic examinations of fecal samples revealed the presence of nematodes in 63.6% (7/11) of the snail groups. Rhabditid nematodes were found in 27.3% (3/11) of the examined groups. Sequencing of PCR products revealed the presence of gastropod nematodes Phasmarhabditis sp. (KEN1), Poikilolaimus oxycercus and Caenorhabditis nigoni. The genetic material of mammalian parasites, including Crenosoma, was not detected. Given the increasing popularity of L. fulica as pets, understanding their parasitological status is essential for both animal and public health. It also helps meet the expectations of owners who wish to provide proper care for their pet snails.},
}
@article {pmid41860114,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiang, T and Arranz, I and Kuczynski, L and Zeng, Q and Mao, Z and Gu, X and Grenouillet, G},
title = {Increasing Functional or Phylogenetic Distance From Native Fish Communities Promotes Non-Native Fish Invasions in Global Rivers.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {3},
pages = {e70814},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70814},
pmid = {41860114},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {BK20241696//Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province/ ; GZC20241787//Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF/ ; 2024ZB592//Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent/ ; 32501560//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32071575//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32471649//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; NKL2023-KP02//Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security/ ; 848/26-1//German Science Foundation funded research unit DynaCom/ ; 2022T1/AMB-24100//Programa Atracci&#xf3;n del Talento/ ; ANR-10-LABX-0025//Investissement d'Avenir/ ; ANR-10-LABX-41//Investissement d'Avenir/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Fishes/physiology/classification ; *Rivers ; *Phylogeny ; *Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions severely threaten ecosystems and their underlying drivers remain a subject of ongoing inquiry in ecology. Four mutually exclusive invasion hypotheses, biotic acceptance and resistance hypotheses and Darwin's preadaptation and naturalization hypotheses, have long drawn extensive attention. Furthermore, human activities and environmental factors are also widely recognized as key drivers of biological invasions. While integrative analyses of the aforementioned biotic and abiotic factors influencing biological invasions have been conducted previously, systematic global-scale analyses for freshwater fishes remain limited, constraining our understanding of large-scale invasion patterns in this taxon. Here, we leveraged a comprehensive database with taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic data for 5245 freshwater fish species across 1411 global river basins to explore ecological correlates of non-native fish establishment. Specifically, we used taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic facets of biodiversity to comprehensively quantify native communities (testing biotic acceptance and resistance hypotheses) and relatedness between native and non-native communities (testing Darwin's preadaptation and naturalization hypotheses). We further extracted environmental and anthropogenic variables across global rivers to assess external predictors of non-native fish establishment. Our results primarily supported Darwin's naturalization hypothesis: at the global level, native fish community invasibility peaked when non-native species exhibited great functional or phylogenetic distance from native communities, suggesting distantly related non-natives likely had unique traits or strategies to exploit vacant niches. Meanwhile, climatic factors also emerged as key drivers of global fish invasion patterns. At the biogeographic realm level, the determinants of fish invasions varied among the six realms, highlighting the complexity and regional specificity of biological invasions. However, our findings were based on correlational patterns of established non-native species at the basin scale and thus cannot establish definitive causal relationships between the identified drivers and establishment success. Future experimental manipulations at finer spatial and temporal scales are therefore required to validate the correlations observed in this study.},
}
@article {pmid41860462,
year = {2026},
author = {Biancolini, D and Broennimann, O and Guisan, A and Rondinini, C},
title = {Global Patterns of Niche Changes in Alien Mammals: Potential Drivers and Significance for Invasion Projections.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {3},
pages = {e70755},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70755},
pmid = {41860462},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Sapienza Universit&#xe0; di Roma/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Mammals/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Animal Distribution ; Climate Change ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are a major driver of global change, and prevention is the most effective mitigation strategy. Bioclimatic species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to estimate invasion risk, assuming that species retain their realized native climatic niches after introduction. We tested this assumption for 194 alien mammal species established across 11 zoogeographic realms, examining realized niche changes, their drivers, and significance for invasion projections. We used a robust ordination framework to compare native and alien niches in 337 species-by-realm niche comparisons and quantify niche expansion, the proportion of the alien niche not overlapping with the native niche, and niche unfilling, the proportion of the native niche not overlapping with the alien niche. We then applied Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) with multi-model inference to test how species attributes, invasion history, and environmental context are associated with expansion and unfilling. Additionally, we evaluated the transferability of SDMs built on native presences to receiving regions using multiple metrics and used GLMMs to assess how niche changes may affect it. Niche expansion was rare and modest, whereas niche unfilling was common and pronounced. Niche expansion declined with increasing human disturbance, larger native range size, and introductions within similar communities, but increased with higher introduction effort. Niche unfilling decreased with greater introduction effort and longer residence time, but increased with alien insularity, human disturbance, and native range loss. SDM transferability was generally good, but it declined with niche expansion, as alien presences fell outside native-like suitable areas, and with unfilling, because suitable areas remained unoccupied under colonization lags. Proactive management can rely on SDMs to anticipate future spread and should prioritize species showing high niche unfilling, indicating substantial spread potential, and any evidence of niche expansion, which makes spread harder to anticipate.},
}
@article {pmid41845177,
year = {2026},
author = {Altomare, M and Bruna, EM and Ferreira Neves, KC and Borges, ER and Menor, IO and Afonso do Prado Júnior, J and Vasconcelos, HL},
title = {The phylogenetic diversity of plant communities in response to anthropogenic disturbances in a Neotropical savanna.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcag058},
pmid = {41845177},
issn = {1095-8290},
abstract = {Traditional assessments of human impact on ecological communities often focus on species richness and abundance, without considering the evolutionary relationship between species. This study evaluated how anthropogenic disturbances, notably those favoring invasive species, alter the phylogenetic diversity and structure of plant communities in the Cerrado, a global biodiversity hotspot. We compared alpha and beta phylogenetic diversity and structure (using PD, SES PD, SES MPD and SES MNTD) in plant communities from 11 roadside sites, characterized by high densities of exotic species, with 10 conservation areas (reserves), where exotic species occur at much lower densities. Phylogenetic metrics were calculated using data from the entire community or from native species only. Phylogenetic richness (PD) was consistently lower in roadside communities than in reserves, reflecting reduced species richness under chronic disturbance. In contrast, standardized phylogenetic richness (SES-PD) did not differ between habitats, indicating that roadside communities retain a broad representation of native evolutionary lineages. Differences in phylogenetic structure emerged only when exotic species were included in the analysis and, in this case, roadside communities exhibited phylogenetic clustering at both deep and terminal evolutionary levels, whereas reserve communities showed a random phylogenetic structure. Similarly, differences in phylogenetic dissimilarity between roadside and reserve communities were detected only when data from exotic species were included in the analysis. In this case, evidence of phylogenetic homogenization in roadside communities was detected, and this was probably associated with the much greater abundance of invasive grasses in this than in the protected habitats. Overall, our findings indicate that chronic disturbance is associated with phylogenetic homogenization in Cerrado plant communities, particularly in habitats dominated by invasive grasses. We suggest that protected areas play a crucial role in preserving phylogenetic diversity, especially for disturbance-sensitive clades. Accordingly, maintaining and expanding reserves, safeguarding remnant habitats, and managing biological invasions within disturbed landscapes are key strategies for conserving the evolutionary heritage and biodiversity of the Cerrado savanna biome.},
}
@article {pmid41852397,
year = {2025},
author = {Mueller, RC and Gehring, CA},
title = {Editorial: Women in environmental microbiomes.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiomes},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {1537069},
pmid = {41852397},
issn = {2813-4338},
}
@article {pmid41853458,
year = {2026},
author = {Sanguila, MB and Labaja, ACO and Bernstein, JM and Brown, RM},
title = {An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1272},
number = {},
pages = {203-251},
pmid = {41853458},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {A formal synthesis of the occurrence of herpetofauna species in Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary remained scant since the documentation of historical records by E.H. Taylor in the early 20[th] century. Here, an updated checklist of the Agusan Marsh herpetofauna is provided. 49 species (16 amphibians and 33 reptiles) are recorded from the Agusan Marsh's peat and freshwater swamp forests, specifically, amphibians in the families Bufonidae, Ceratobatrachidae, Dicroglossidae, Microhylidae, Megophryidae, Ranidae, and Rhacophoridae; lizards in the families Agamidae, Gekkonidae, Dibamidae, Scincidae, and Varanidae; snakes in the families Colubridae, Cyclocoridae, Psammodynastidae, Pareidae, Pythonidae, Typhlopidae, and Viperidae; and a turtle in the family Geoemydidae. Our Shannon Diversity Indices calculations suggest that diversity might be declining, but more surveys are needed to sample the total species richness of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary. Our checklist highlights 14 new records (6 amphibians, 8 reptiles) and the presence of four invasive alien species in Agusan Marsh. Given the tremendous historical significance of the region, Agusan Marsh may represent one of the most significant focal study sites for assessing the impacts of historical land use and climate change in the Philippines. This work also demonstrates the importance of temporally sequential survey-resurveys for updating baseline biodiversity data to inform management decisions and conservation actions for this unique wetland ecosystem in Southeast Asia.},
}
@article {pmid41853536,
year = {2024},
author = {Markovchick, LM and Belgara-Andrew, A and Richard, D and Deringer, T and Grady, KC and Hultine, KR and Allan, GJ and Whitham, TG and Querejeta, JI and Gehring, CA},
title = {Utilizing symbiotic relationships and assisted migration in restoration to cope with multiple stressors, and the legacy of invasive species.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiomes},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {1331341},
pmid = {41853536},
issn = {2813-4338},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Climate change has increased the need for forest restoration, but low planting success and limited availability of planting materials hamper these efforts. Invasive plants and their soil legacies can further reduce restoration success. Thus, strategies that optimize restoration are crucial. Assisted migration and inoculation with native microbial symbiont communities have great potential to increase restoration success. However, assisted migrants can still show reduced survival compared to local provenances depending on transfer distance. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi, effective if well-matched to plants and site conditions, can have neutral to negative results with poor pairings. Few studies have examined the interaction between these two strategies in realistic field environments where native plants experience the combined effects of soil legacies left by invasive plants and the drought conditions that result from a warming, drying climate.<br><br>METHODS: We planted two ecotypes (local climate and warmer climate) of Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwoods), in soils with and without legacies of invasion by Tamarix spp. (tamarisk), and with and without addition of native mycorrhizal fungi and other soil biota from the warmer climate.<br><br>RESULTS: Four main results emerged. 1) First year survival in soil legacies left behind after tamarisk invasion and removal was less than one tenth of survival in soil without a tamarisk legacy. 2) Actively restoring soil communities after tamarisk removal tripled first year cottonwood survival for both ecotypes, but only improved survival of the warmer, assisted migrant ecotype trees in year two. 3) Actively restoring soil communities in areas without a tamarisk history reduced first year survival for both ecotypes, but improved survival of the warmer, assisted migrant ecotype trees in year two. 4) By the second year, inoculated assisted migrants survived at five times the rate of inoculated trees from the local ecotype.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Results emphasize the detrimental effects of soil legacies left after tamarisk invasion and removal, the efficacy of assisted migration and restoring soil communities alongside plants, and the need to thoughtfully optimize pairings between plants, fungi, and site conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41854024,
year = {2026},
author = {Dumith, MT and Dos Santos, AFGN},
title = {Reproductive plasticity and environmental tolerance of invasive African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in a tropical Brazilian river.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70389},
pmid = {41854024},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; 405984/2016-2//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly when endowed with high ecological and reproductive plasticity. The African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is one such species, widely recognized for its ability to colonize and establish in diverse tropical ecosystems. This study evaluated the reproductive success of C. gariepinus in a tropical environment by examining gonadal maturation stages, reproductive indices and water physicochemical variables associated with reproduction. The analysis revealed a population predominantly composed of adult individuals at various reproductive stages, with a higher concentration upstream during the dry season. The species exhibited continuous reproduction throughout the year, irrespective of body size, demonstrating both high fecundity and notable environmental flexibility. Dobriyal's Reproductivity Index (DI) proved effective in identifying gonadal maturation patterns independently of somatic size and is particularly useful under conditions of limited sampling. Statistical analyses revealed a strong association between DI and key physicochemical parameters (i.e., particularly elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH values within optimal ranges) which collectively influence species distribution and reproductive success. These findings underscore reproductive plasticity and environmental tolerance as pivotal strategies underpinning the invasive potential of African catfish in tropical systems. We conclude that ongoing monitoring and targeted management interventions are crucial for mitigating the ecological impacts of C. gariepinus and alleviating pressure on native fish communities.},
}
@article {pmid41855217,
year = {2026},
author = {Fulton, L and Lyu, P},
title = {Integrating biological and machine learning models for rainbow trout growth: Balancing accuracy and interpretability.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {e0336890},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0336890},
pmid = {41855217},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Oncorhynchus mykiss/growth &amp; development ; *Machine Learning ; Bayes Theorem ; *Models, Biological ; Rivers ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Invasive species management demands predictive models that balance accuracy with ecological interpretability, yet traditional approaches often fail to capture complex environmental interactions. We evaluated hybrid frameworks integrating biological and machine learning models for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth in the Lower Colorado River using ten years of tag-recapture data and environmental covariates, comparing traditional and Bayesian von Bertalanffy (VBGM) and Gompertz models with Random Forests, XGBoost, LightGBM, Support Vector Regression, Neural Networks, and ensemble methods through probabilistic performance analysis. Incorporating environmental context and advanced modeling produced substantial gains, with top methods achieving 70-80 percent error reductions relative to baseline models, equivalent to 45-70 mm or 20-32 percent of mean fish length. A stacked ensemble of XGBoost and the VBGM achieved the best performance (RMSE = 15.96 mm, [Formula: see text]) and exhibited stochastic dominance across the posterior, while gradient boosting models formed a strong second tier, led by LightGBM and XGBoost. Bayesian Model Averaging reached comparable accuracy while explicitly quantifying uncertainty. Even traditional mechanistic models improved by up to 80 percent when enhanced with covariates and Bayesian estimation, preserving biological interpretability through parameters such as asymptotic size and growth rate. Feature importance analysis identified initial length, time at large, and weight at release as dominant predictors, and the stacked ensemble outperformed baseline models in over 99 percent of posterior samples. These results establish hybrid ensemble frameworks as powerful tools for ecological forecasting that unite predictive performance with mechanistic insight, providing a generalizable template for systems where both accuracy and interpretability are required.},
}
@article {pmid41855518,
year = {2026},
author = {Haines, GE and Sanderson, S and Morin-Nadeau, R and Hendry, AP},
title = {Evolution of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Defensive Traits following the Stocking of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).},
journal = {The American naturalist},
volume = {207},
number = {4},
pages = {590-597},
doi = {10.1086/739174},
pmid = {41855518},
issn = {1537-5323},
mesh = {Animals ; *Trout/physiology ; *Smegmamorpha/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Quebec ; Introduced Species ; Lakes ; Phenotype ; Female ; },
abstract = {AbstractIn recent decades, numerous observations have been made of evolution induced by anthropogenic change in natural populations. Evolution in response to harvest, climate change, pollution, landscape change, and introduced invasive species are common. Here, we provide evidence for evolution in a new context by documenting a large increase in the frequency of defensive pelvic spines in two unusual threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations previously shown to mostly lack such structures. These populations, in Parc national du Lac-Témiscouata, Québec, Canada, were historically free of predatory fish and consisted nearly entirely of pelvic-spineless stickleback. This phenotypic change coincided with the stocking of the lakes with brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a stickleback predator, and the introductions of other species used by anglers as live bait. The rapid evolutionary change toward a more defensive morph in the populations should prompt increased caution regarding the effects of management practices on native species.},
}
@article {pmid41840120,
year = {2026},
author = {da S Belanha, L and Paz, OLS and Padial, AA and de Azevedo, JCR and Hughes, RM and Ruaro, R},
title = {Water pollution drives environmental degradation in a seasonally influenced Neotropical coastal river.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41840120},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Rivers/chemistry ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Brazil ; *Water Pollution/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Ecosystem ; Seasons ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; },
abstract = {Aquatic and coastal ecosystems are increasingly altered by human activities, particularly through the removal of riparian vegetation, pollution, urbanization, and biological invasions. This study aimed to assess environmental conditions and identify a gradient of human disturbance in the Guaraguaçu River, located on the coastal plain of southern Brazil and subjected to multiple stressors. To achieve this, we evaluated land use, water and sediment quality, and the dominance of invasive macrophytes, and applied a rapid physical habitat assessment protocol quarterly throughout 2024 at 22 sites along the main channel of the Guaraguaçu River and its two tributaries, the Pery and Pombas Rivers. Data were summarized using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and the axis scores were used to define the environmental gradient. The results revealed a clear gradient in environmental conditions, likely driven by anthropogenic pressures across the watershed. Among the various stressors analyzed, water pollution emerged as the primary driver of environmental degradation in the Guaraguaçu River Basin. Conductivity, salinity, ammonia, and orthophosphate contributed most significantly to the observed gradient. The highest values for these parameters were recorded in the Pery River and downstream from its confluence with the Guaraguaçu River, indicating a decline in environmental quality in this tributary and, consequently, in the lower basin sector. The results showed that environmental conditions varied along a gradient significantly influenced by both seasonality and river zone, suggesting that seasonal dynamics are a key driver of this pattern. This influence of seasonality was also supported by the PCoA results, which reflected clear temporal patterns in environmental variability. Furthermore, human-induced changes to the Pery River, particularly water pollution and hydrological modifications, have impaired ecological conditions and intensified environmental degradation in downstream areas of the Guaraguaçu River basin. These findings highlight the need for targeted management strategies, including improved wastewater treatment, to mitigate cumulative stressors and enhance the resilience of this coastal river ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid41340246,
year = {2026},
author = {Dołkin-Lewko, A and Baj, P and Giedrowicz, A and Jaroszewicz, J and Zajączkowska, U},
title = {Wild cucumber invasiveness: impact of seasonal changes on biometric seed traits and dispersal strategy.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {77},
number = {6},
pages = {1874-1887},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf526},
pmid = {41340246},
issn = {1460-2431},
support = {2022/45/N/NZ9/02690//National Science Centre, Poland/ ; },
mesh = {Seasons ; *Seeds/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Seed Dispersal ; *Introduced Species ; X-Ray Microtomography ; Hydrodynamics ; *Cuscuta/physiology ; },
abstract = {Wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata) is an invasive annual vine rapidly spreading across Central European riparian zones. Its success is linked to seed dispersal, with hydrochory expected to play a major role, but the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. This study examines whether E. lobata uses a dual dispersal strategy by seed morphological differences and hydrodynamic behavior, supporting both short-distance and long-distance dispersal. Seeds were collected in autumn and early spring, and analysed for morphology, buoyancy, and hydrodynamic properties. Over 150 seeds underwent biometric measurements: digital image correlation for swelling deformation, micro-computed tomography for internal structure, and hydrodynamic properties. Approximately 23% of seeds were buoyant, with buoyant ones present in both autumn and spring seed groups. Buoyant seeds had larger surface areas and internal air cavities, contributing to lower drag and enhanced passive transport in water. Using digital image correlation and micro-computed tomography imaging, we visualized seed coat swelling patterns and quantified internal structures. Hydrodynamic experiments revealed that buoyant seeds experienced lower drag and slower acceleration. Under oscillatory flow, buoyant seeds exhibited passive propulsion at 1 Hz, indicating a resonance effect facilitating dispersal during fluctuating water flow. These findings support a dual dispersal strategy: temporal seed release and buoyancy enable both local recruitment and long-distance dispersal, likely contributing to invasive success in riparian habitats.},
}
@article {pmid41762510,
year = {2026},
author = {Cuthbert, RN and Baso, N and Chikodza, T and Coombes, C and Doherty, J and Githae, M and Griffith, TC and Hernandez, MR and Jaschke, KM and Jukes, MD and Kinsler, D and MacIsaac, HJ and Mantshi, HT and Muskett, P and Mutamiswa, R and Ricciardi, A and Sutton, GF and Tanka, DV and van Dyk, J and van Steenderen, C and Dick, JTA and Coetzee, J},
title = {Parallel concepts and future opportunities across the biological control and invasion sciences.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {402},
number = {},
pages = {128931},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128931},
pmid = {41762510},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Ecology ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The biological control and invasion sciences are long-standing research fields that have accrued enormous fundamental and applied interest. However, their theoretical and practical integration remains in its infancy. Utilizing an expert elicitation process with participants spanning these sciences, we identify conceptual parallels and future opportunities to strengthen links and address future challenges in both fields. We found that the biological control and invasion sciences face pervasive context-dependencies that must be understood to improve outcome predictions, including climatic changes, spatiotemporal scales, and 'ecological surprises'. Both sciences would further benefit from terminological streamlining to improve communication, sharing of emerging technologies, and mitigation of the taxonomic decline. The two fields are strongly affected by social perceptions and awareness by decision makers, requiring more effective engagement and translation efforts. Our exercise promotes cross-cutting interdisciplinary advances to improve understanding of fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes, socio-ecological challenges, and management efficacy across the biological control and invasion sciences.},
}
@article {pmid41839725,
year = {2026},
author = {Ribas, LGDS and Villar, N and Zipparro, V and Nazareth, S and Souza, Y and Brocardo, CR and Schmaedecke, G and Hortenci, L and Alves, RSC and Galetti, M},
title = {Mammal defaunation leads to biotic homogenization of plant communities in tropical rainforests.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {3},
pages = {e70341},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70341},
pmid = {41839725},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {//S&#xe3;o Paulo State University (UNESP)/ ; 2022/09561-4//S&#xe3;o Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 2014/01986-0//S&#xe3;o Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 43.104/2007//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o Florestal do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 15333/2022//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o Florestal do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Rainforest ; *Mammals/physiology ; Tropical Climate ; *Plants/classification ; Brazil ; *Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Biotic homogenization is the process in which species communities become increasingly similar across different regions over time. This phenomenon has substantial ecological, evolutionary, and economic implications, primarily driven by human activities such as habitat destruction, invasive species introduction, and climate change. An underexplored driver of biotic homogenization is defaunation, particularly the loss or population decline of large herbivorous mammals and its consequences on plant communities. In this study, we examined how defaunation of medium- to large-sized mammals, such as tapirs and peccaries, affects taxonomic biotic homogenization in seedling and sapling communities in tropical rainforests of South America. Using data from a 13-year mammal-exclosure experiment across four forest sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we investigated the effects of defaunation on both alpha and beta diversity to understand how it might contribute to biotic homogenization. Our results indicate that defaunation significantly increased alpha diversity in exclusion plots over time, contrary to expectations, with more pronounced effects at forest sites hosting more complete mammal assemblies, that is, with greater mammal abundance and diversity. In contrast, beta diversity decreased as exclusion treatments led to more spatially homogeneous plant communities, particularly at the site where exclusion treatment prevents access to the plant community by the most complete mammal assembly. This homogenization was driven by reduced species turnover and the dominance of a few plant species that thrive in the absence of mammal herbivores, including a palm Euterpe edulis, a bamboo Merostachys neesii, and a fern Polybotrya cylindrica. These findings suggest that the removal of medium- to large-sized mammal herbivores can lead to both increased local species richness and decreased spatial heterogeneity, reshaping plant community structure across tropical forest landscapes. Our study highlights the critical role of large-bodied herbivores in maintaining biodiversity at multiple scales and underscores the ecological consequences of their functional loss. This work provides essential insights for conservation efforts aimed at mitigating the impacts of defaunation and preserving the resilience of tropical forest ecosystems, positioning defaunation as a significant anthropogenic driver of biotic homogenization.},
}
@article {pmid41833552,
year = {2026},
author = {Ludwig, TD and Borgato, EA and de Avila, LA and Roncaglia, LM and Zucchi, MI},
title = {Climate change-driven expansion of goosegrass highlights risks to global food production.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70731},
pmid = {41833552},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change and the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds pose increasing risks to global food security. Eleusine indica (goosegrass) is a globally invasive species characterized by broad geographic distribution, high ecological plasticity, and multiple resistance mechanisms. This study evaluated the current and future climatic suitability of E. indica at a global scale under climate change scenarios.<br><br>RESULTS: Ensemble ecological niche models calibrated with georeferenced occurrence records and climatic predictors showed excellent performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.999; true skill statistic (TSS)/kappa&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.980), with low omission rates and high spatial agreement among algorithms (Bioclim, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and Maxent). Current projections indicate widespread suitability across tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Future projections under SSP245 and SSP585 for 2050 and 2090 suggest a gradual expansion toward higher latitudes, with increased suitability in temperate regions such as the US Corn Belt, the Mediterranean Basin, and East Asia, especially under SSP585 by 2090. Overlap analyses identified substantial vulnerability in major soybean-producing regions, including Brazil, Argentina, the United States, and Southeast Asia.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Climate change is expected to facilitate the poleward expansion of E. indica, increasing invasion risk in key agricultural regions while maintaining broad climatic stability across its current range. These findings emphasize the need for early detection, continuous monitoring, and integrated weed management strategies to mitigate long-term agronomic and food security risks posed by this globally invasive species. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41834686,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, L and Gao, Y and Chen, Y and Ren, S and Lu, H and Guo, Y and Liu, P and Batool, K and Chen, XG and Tang, J and Gu, J},
title = {An ovary-enriched piRNA controls ovarian development via Gadd45a-JNK-mediated nurse-cell apoptosis in the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70262},
pmid = {41834686},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; //National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention/ ; },
abstract = {The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is a rapidly expanding invasive species and a global vector of arboviruses. Its transmission depends on the female's blood meal-driven reproductive cycle. Although mosquito PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) research has predominantly focused on antiviral immunity, their roles in reproduction remain poorly understood. Here we profiled sex-biased piRNA expression in Ae. albopictus and identified a female-enriched piRNA, AalpiRNA-18529. This piRNA accumulates in pre-vitellogenic ovaries and is rapidly downregulated after a blood meal. Gain-of-function experiments showed that AalpiRNA-18529 mimics impair follicle development, reduces fecundity and egg hatching, and disrupts nurse-cell apoptosis required for oocyte maturation. Mechanistically, AalpiRNA-18529 represses Gadd45a, a conserved stress-response regulator. Gadd45a knockdown phenocopies AalpiRNA-18529 gain-of-function, leading to reduced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and thus indicating defective activation of the Gadd45a-JNK apoptotic axis. Collectively, our findings reveal a piRNA-mediated pathway that controls ovarian development in Ae. albopictus during vitellogenesis and highlight the AalpiRNA-18529-Gadd45a-JNK cascade as a potential molecular target for genetic strategies to disrupt mosquito reproduction.},
}
@article {pmid41834842,
year = {2026},
author = {Cai, C and Yuan, Y and Wu, D and Li, J},
title = {Species-specific responses of invasive plants to parasitism are modified by climate warming.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {plag015},
pmid = {41834842},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {Parasitic plants can inflict significant damage to invasive plants and are considered biocontrol agents. Climate warming can affect the fitness of invasive plants and the efficacy of their biocontrol agents. However, the impact of climate warming on the responses of invasive plants to parasitism remains inadequately explored. To investigate this critical issue, we conducted a controlled warming experiment to assess the impact of a constant, continuous +2 °C temperature increase, consistent with projected global warming scenarios reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, on the responses of two common invasive plants in China, Solidago canadensis and Bidens pilosa to the parasitic plant Cuscuta gronovii. Our findings indicate that parasitism significantly reduces the growth of both invasive species irrespective of temperature increases. A significant interaction was observed between Cuscuta parasitism and the different host species, particularly affecting stem diameter, plant height, and root-to-shoot ratio of the host plants. Interestingly, while increased temperature independently did not significantly impact total biomass, aboveground biomass, or leaf number of the host plants, it exhibited marginal interactions with parasitism and the different hosts regarding belowground biomass of the hosts. Moreover, C. gronovii biomass was significantly influenced by host type; however, increased temperatures did not significantly affect the biomass of C. gronovii or its deleterious effects on host plants. Overall, these findings highlight the complex interplay among parasitism, host species, and environmental factors, which are crucial for comprehensively understanding invasive species dynamics and their ecological implications.},
}
@article {pmid41835274,
year = {2026},
author = {Yuan, Z and Fu, W and Song, Z and Wang, Z and Sun, C and Zhang, Y and Zhang, G},
title = {A Weibull distribution-based method for estimating seed longevity in Solanum rostratum.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1700839},
pmid = {41835274},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Seed longevity is a key determinant of population persistence, spread, and outbreak potential in annual invasive plant species. Understanding longevity of invasive seed bank is crucial for determining colonization timing and assessing invasion potential, thereby supporting sustainable weed management strategies. While soil seed bank fluctuations have become a focus in invasion biology area, efficient and accurate methods for evaluating seed bank longevity in annual invasive plants remain scarce so far. In this study, we focus on a representative annual globally malignant invasive plant Solanum rostratum, investigating seed longevity by accelerated aging test (60°C and 85% relative humidity) across multiple regions and collection years.<br><br>METHODS: We used a three-parameter Weibull distribution model to characterize seed aging and applied it to assess S. rostratum seed bank longevity in both grassland and abandoned farmland habitats.<br><br>RESULTS: The results showed that S. rostratum seeds lost viability rapidly within 3&#xa0;d under accelerated aging condition. Seeds from different regions in the same year exhibited similar aging patterns, while interannual variation led to significantly divergent aging curves. Based on polynomial regression of viability data and germination tests, the upper limit of seed longevity under natural field conditions was estimated to be approximately 8-9.79 years.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that combining accelerated aging assays with the three-parameter Weibull distribution provides an effective approach for assessing seed longevity and soil seed bank persistence. The method offers a practical, efficient, and reproducible framework for estimating seed bank persistence in annual invasive plants. Our findings highlight the critical role of persistent seed banks in facilitating the invasion success of S. rostratum, thereby offering a robust analytical basis for evaluating invasion risks. Moreover, the modeling framework developed here can be extended to other annual plant species for seed viability assessment, providing valuable theoretical support for the development of ecologically sustainable weed management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41837865,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, C and Komagata, O and Kasai, S and Higa, Y},
title = {Impact of niche shift on the spread of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to and within Japan.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjag032},
pmid = {41837865},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {JP23wm0225030//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; JP24wm0225030//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; JP23fk0108613//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; JP24fk0108693//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology ; Japan ; *Animal Distribution ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Arbovirus transmission is a global public health concern. The mosquito Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector of some of these viruses, and its distribution has been a long-term concern because of its vector competence and invasiveness. The invasion and establishment of Ae. aegypti in temperate regions has been extensively discussed, with recent studies reporting phenotypic and evolutionary changes in populations attempting to breed in temperate regions. We used occurrence data from regions with environmental conditions similar to those in Japan to model the potential distribution of Ae. aegypti in Japan, as site-related environmental conditions represent selection pressure for phenotypic and/or evolutionary changes. A random forest model was used for prediction utilizing 3,062 selected occurrence data with a similarity mask. To screen out the drivers affecting adaptability and niche shifts in temperate regions, the above model and a global model using both native and invasive occurrence data were compared. The model predicts that urban areas are the main breeding sites for Ae. aegypti in Japan. Due to competition with the dominant local species, Aedes albopictus Skuse, Ae. aegypti cannot occupy the entire range of urban settings. A niche shift was observed compared to the global model. Niche-shifted populations underwent more rigorous selection for temperature and precipitation, shifting toward human-dwelling environments. These divergences, which warrant further exploration, may be attributed to phenotypic changes or adaptive evolution as mosquito populations persist in temperate regions. The generated prediction maps provide useful insights to understand the expansion of this species.},
}
@article {pmid41838734,
year = {2026},
author = {Bozorg-Omid, F and Abbasi, M and Yaghoobi-Ershadi, MR and Hanafi-Bojd, AA},
title = {Suitable ecological niches of invasive malaria vector under present and projected climatic conditions in South of Iran.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {e0014054},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0014054},
pmid = {41838734},
issn = {1935-2735},
mesh = {Iran/epidemiology ; *Anopheles/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; *Malaria/transmission/epidemiology ; Animals ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Climate ; *Introduced Species ; Humans ; Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The invasive mosquito species Anopheles stephensi plays a critical role in malaria transmission, particularly in urban environments. Its ability to thrive in such settings has raised public health concerns, especially as it expands its geographical range. The resurgence of malaria in Iran underscores the challenges posed by this vector, which is further complicated by factors such as climate change and the movement of populations. Understanding the ecological niches of An. stephensi is essential for developing targeted malaria control strategies. This study aims to assess the current and projected distribution of An. stephensi in Hormozgan Province, Iran, under varying climatic conditions.<br><br>METHOD: The study was conducted in Hormozgan Province, Iran, characterized by a hot, arid climate. A database of 96 occurrence points for An. stephensi was compiled through literature searches, which were refined to 72 points to ensure data quality. Environmental and bioclimatic data were sourced from the WorldClim v2.1 database, with a focus on various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The MaxEnt modeling technique was employed to assess the impact of climate change on the species' distribution, with model performance evaluated using the two metrics, Area Under the Curve (AUC) and True Skill Statistic (TSS). The analysis aimed to map shifts in suitable habitats under different climate scenarios.<br><br>RESULTS: The MaxEnt model predicts a significant decline in environmental suitability for An. stephensi under future climate scenarios, particularly in western and central Hormozgan Province. Habitat loss is prevalent, with stable areas primarily located in Bashagard County. Factors such as altitude and precipitation patterns significantly influence species distribution, with altitude showing the highest impact. The model's performance, indicated by an average AUC of 0.765 and a TSS of 0.519, demonstrates moderate predictive accuracy for identifying suitable habitats.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Despite advancements in malaria control, An. stephensi remains a significant threat in Iran, particularly due to its invasive nature and adaptability to climate change. The study indicates a projected decline in suitable habitats, especially in coastal areas, highlighting the need for adaptive vector control strategies. Bashagard County may serve as a stable refuge, warranting further investigation. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and integrating climate projections into public health interventions to effectively combat malaria transmission. Overall, ongoing research is crucial to refining understanding and enhancing malaria control efforts in response to shifting environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41829847,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Ma, W and Zhou, Q and Cao, W and Qu, B and Guo, J and Zhou, L and Deng, J and Zhang, Y and Li, Y and Dai, L},
title = {Analysis of the Potential Distribution of Solanum rostratum in China Based on the Biomod2 Ensemble Model.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829847},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2021YFD1400303//NNational Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Solanum rostratum is a globally regulated invasive species, known for its detrimental impacts on local biodiversity, human and livestock health, and agricultural productivity. This study employed the Biomod2 ensemble modeling framework to analyze the geographic distribution of S. rostratum in China, identify key environmental factors limiting its spread, and provide a scientific basis for its management and control. By integrating species distribution data with multiple environmental variables, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of this species. Pearson correlation analysis and variance inflation factor (VIF) testing were applied to identify significant environmental variables constraining its spread, including precipitation seasonality (bio15), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio8), precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18), isothermality (bio3), precipitation of the driest month (bio14), and human footprint. Three Biomod2-based ensemble models (EMmean, EMca and EMwmean) were based on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), true skill statistic (TSS), and Kappa coefficient. Of these, EMca demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy. The model identified highly suitable habitats for S. rostratum primarily in semi-arid and semi-humid regions with high human activity, including the Northeast Plain, bounded by the Greater Khingan, Lesser Khingan, and Changbai Mountains; the northern North China Plain extending to the Shandong Hills and Yellow River basin; and the Junggar Basin extending to the Altai Mountains. These regions should be prioritized for future monitoring and control efforts. This study provides both empirical data and theoretical insights to accurately delineate potential invasion zones of S. rostratum, enhancing surveillance and guiding effective prevention and control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41830990,
year = {2026},
author = {Pasini-Martins, M and Kuhne, RDT and de Oliveira, CM and Binder, LC and Silito, IS and Pinter, A and Nunes, FBP and Martins, TF and de Hildebrand E Grisi Filho, JH and Dawson, W and Stephens, PA and da Silva Matos, DM and Labruna, MB},
title = {Assessment of tick populations associated with capybaras in natural reserves and human-modified environments with or without invasive plants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.},
journal = {Experimental &amp; applied acarology},
volume = {96},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41830990},
issn = {1572-9702},
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; *Introduced Species ; *Rodentia/parasitology ; *Amblyomma/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Population Density ; Ecosystem ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Nymph/physiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {In southeastern Brazil, capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are main hosts of the ticks Amblyomma dubitatum and Amblyomma sculptum; the latter has great medical importance for being the main vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). This study aimed to quantify ticks in areas invaded and not invaded by exotic plants (Hedychium coronarium, Cenchrus purpureus or Megathyrsus maximus) within capybaras' living areas in São Paulo state. Tick populations were quantified in 24 capybara habitats, eight in natural reserves and 16 human-modified landscapes; the latter were composed of eight BSF-endemic areas and eight BSF-nonendemic areas. In the 24 areas, ticks were sampled in plots of natural forests and plots with at least one of the three invasive plants. Both presence and density of A. sculptum were higher in human-modified landscapes, while the presence and density of A. dubitatum tended to be similar among human-modified landscapes and natural reserve areas. The two tick species were collected both in areas colonized by invasive plants (H. coronarium, M. maximus, and/or C. purpureus) and in areas of non-invaded vegetation. However, a higher density of A. dubitatum was observed in areas of H. coronarium and a lower density of A. sculptum in this type of vegetation. Within human-modified landscapes, there was a higher density of A. sculptum in BSF-endemic areas when compared to non-endemic areas, unlike A. dubitatum, which remained at an almost constant density and presence among BSF-endemic and non-endemic areas. Plant invasions may have some role in the ecology of capybara-associated ticks.},
}
@article {pmid41831708,
year = {2026},
author = {Sánchez, O and González, IC and Poyo, JG and Ureña, M and Arias, A},
title = {The hidden passengers: On the role of exotic crayfish in the spread of symbiotic and pathogenic organisms in northern Iberian Peninsula.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108598},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2026.108598},
pmid = {41831708},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {The spread of invasive crayfish species poses a growing threat to freshwater ecosystems and public health, not only through direct ecological impacts but also by facilitating the transmission of symbionts and potential zoonotic pathogens. This study characterizes the symbiont diversity associated with the crayfish species that occur in northern Spain. In addition, the first comprehensive and comparative compilation of reported symbiont and parasite species of crayfish species reported in Iberia is provided. A combination of scanning electron and optical microscopy analysis and a review of the literature was employed to identify the symbionts and evaluate their spatial distribution on the host, their taxonomy, and their zoonotic potential. A total of five crayfish species were analyzed, with symbionts recorded across multiple body regions, particularly the chelipeds, gills, and pleopods. The most prevalent taxa belonged to the phyla Ciliophora, Annelida, and Platyhelminthes. Some symbionts, such as Xironogiton victoriensis and Uncinocythere occidentalis, were identified as obligate ectosymbionts that could have a negative impact on protected species such as Austropotamobius fulcisianus. Furthermore, several symbiont taxa (e.g., Fusarium sp., and Paragonimus spp.) are known to be zoonotic and are associated with conditions such as keratitis, onychomycosis, and paragonimiasis. The results highlight the dual ecological and epidemiological risk posed by crayfish invasions. As vectors of both invasive symbionts and zoonotic agents, these crustaceans may facilitate the emergence of new infectious diseases in freshwater environments. This underscores the need for integrated monitoring strategies that consider symbiont-host dynamics in invasive species management and public health surveillance and highlights the importance of implementing targeted management actions to mitigate ecological impacts and reduce associated health risks.},
}
@article {pmid41832389,
year = {2026},
author = {Deletre, E and Latapie, C and Migeon, A and Auger, P and Larpin, N and Laboisse, S and Martin, T},
title = {Tetranychus evansi (Tetranychidae) spider mites now a major solanaceous crop pest in Côte d'Ivoire.},
journal = {Experimental &amp; applied acarology},
volume = {96},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41832389},
issn = {1572-9702},
mesh = {Animals ; *Tetranychidae/physiology ; Cote d'Ivoire ; *Introduced Species ; Crops, Agricultural/growth &amp; development ; Pest Control, Biological ; *Solanaceae/growth &amp; development ; Population Density ; },
abstract = {The West African market gardening sector has been plagued in recent decades by phytophagous mite damage to solanaceous crops. Recent studies in Benin and Burkina Faso have confirmed West African outbreaks of red spider mites (Tetranychus evansi), a novel mite species native to South America, which has now virtually replaced local species. This study aimed to identify the different mite species infesting solanaceous crops in Côte d'Ivoire, while assessing their abundance and mapping their distributions. Tomato, eggplant and African eggplant crops were sampled along a north-south transect. Structured interviews were conducted to gather information on the crop protection practices. We confirmed the presence of the invasive species, Tetranychus evansi, with higher densities noted in the north, where the hot dry climatic conditions were suitable for its development. Local Tetranychus urticae and Polyphagotarsonemus latus species were not very abundant. The highest spider mite diversity was observed in the Abidjan area, where two new species of the T. urticae group were found. Very few Phytoseiidae predatory mites were present, even in plots that had barely been treated or not at all. Five species were identified: Neoseiulus barkeri, Neoseiulus teke, Amblyseius swirskii, Amblyseius tamatavensis, and Paraphytoseius horrifer. These predatory phytoseiid species seemed unable to control T. evansi populations. According to farmers, abamectin was the only pesticide effective for controlling these pests. To reduce the chemical control intensity, biological control based on the introduction and dissemination of a specific predatory mite such as Phytoseiulus longipes could be considered on a national and regional scale.},
}
@article {pmid41832861,
year = {2026},
author = {Rocca, C and Diaz de Astarloa, C and Montemayor, DI and Daleo, P and Pascual, J and Bruschetti, CM and Iribarne, O and Alberti, J},
title = {Exotic wild boars consistently reduce superficial organic matter in Argentinean coastal herbaceous systems.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1025},
number = {},
pages = {181683},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181683},
pmid = {41832861},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Soils are major carbon reservoirs whose dynamics are regulated by the interaction of abiotic factors, soil properties, vegetation, and herbivores that control input and losses of soil organic matter (SOM), jointly determining if they act as carbon reservoirs (sinks) or carbon sources. Invasive species can disrupt that balance, potentially changing the system from sink to source. Within this framework, wild boars (Sus scrofa) act as ecosystem engineers that modify vegetation and soil properties through their rooting activity. Yet, their effects on carbon dynamics show contrasting patterns across ecosystems and remain unexplored in the coastal herbaceous systems of Argentina. Here, we evaluated the relationship between wild boar rooting and multiple ecosystem functions associated with carbon dynamics at three different herbaceous systems (a salt marsh, a grassland, and a coastal dune grassland). Using field surveys (comparing rooted and non-rooted areas) and experiments (with exclosures and control plots), we assessed the relationship between wild boar rooting and SOM. We also examined the association between wild boar activity and: (a) bare ground cover, (b) soil respiration, and (c) detritus decomposition rates across the three coastal herbaceous systems. Our results show that wild boar rooting consistently increased bare ground while reducing SOM content and soil respiration, but had no detectable effect on detritus decomposition. These consistent responses across ecosystems indicate an overall negative effect of rooting, suggesting that wild boars may reduce the capacity of coastal herbaceous systems to store soil carbon, with potential long-term consequences for carbon balance and ecosystem resilience.},
}
@article {pmid41829837,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, E and Samat, A and Li, W and Luo, K},
title = {Monitoring the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Invasive Pedicularis kansuensis in Bayinbuluke Alpine Wetlands: A Novel Spectral Index Framework Using PlanetScope Time Series (2021-2025).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15050806},
pmid = {41829837},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2022TSYCCX0006//Tianshan Talent Development Program/ ; 42371389//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022-XBQNXZ-001//Western Young Scholars Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {The expansion of the invasive species Pedicularis kansuensis threatens the ecological integrity of alpine wetlands, particularly in the Bayinbuluke, northwestern China. However, operational monitoring remains challenging. Conventional indices often lack specificity in heterogeneous alpine backgrounds, while deep learning models are typically too data-intensive to support consistent, multi-year mapping. To develop a rapid, reliable, and operational method for monitoring this invader, we proposed a novel, species-specific spectral index, the Pedicularis kansuensis Index (PKI), using the blue, green, and red-edge bands of high-resolution (3 m) PlanetScope imagery. The PKI constructs a robust target signal by integrating distinct spectral features derived from in situ hyperspectral measurement with a grayscale morphological opening (GrMO) refinement to suppress background noise. A comprehensive validation against seven established benchmarks indices (e.g., NDVI, RI, and ARI) demonstrated the superior performance of PKI across the central alpine wetlands of Bayinbuluke (2841 km[2]). It achieved the highest separability with an M-statistic of 1.36. Furthermore, the index attained an overall accuracy of 93.52% (95% CI: 92.3-94.7%), and an F1-score of 93.28% (95% CI: 92.0-94.5%), effectively minimizing confusion with co-occurring native vegetation and background. Applying this framework to a five-year time series (2021-2025) revealed a distinct cycle of outbreaks and relaxation. Specifically, the invaded area increased to 2168 ha in 2022, then decreased to 160 ha in 2025. Spatial analysis further identified stable invasion hotspots of 161.6 ha, highlighting key targets for long-term containment. Meanwhile, 94.4% of the invaded area was transient, lasting only one year (4824.7 ha). These results confirm that the PKI is a physically interpretable, accurate, and computationally efficient tool for monitoring invasive species in heterogeneous alpine environments. It facilitates timely and targeted ecosystem management.},
}
@article {pmid41829746,
year = {2026},
author = {Di Lernia, D and Zuccarello, V and Pinzani, L and Ceschin, S},
title = {Temporal Floristic Changes (2005-2025) Along the Lower Stretch of the Tiber River (Central Italy).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15050716},
pmid = {41829746},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {A multitemporal floristic study was conducted on the aquatic and riparian plant communities of the lower stretch of the Tiber River (central Italy) to identify any floristic changes in response to possible environmental pressures that have occurred locally over time. This investigation was carried out by comparing α- and temporal β-diversity, as well as biological, chorological, and ecological traits of plant assemblages present in permanent plots (n = 24) and sampled at two different time points (2005, 2025). Although both aquatic and riparian plant communities showed an increase in α-diversity over time (+94.1% and +56.5%, respectively), they generally exhibited different temporal patterns. The aquatic community showed a more stable floristic structure compared to the riparian one, with a persistent dominance of eutrophic and pollution-tolerant species, although local disappearance/rarefaction of some species was recorded. On the contrary, the riparian community showed greater species turnover, mainly due to an increase in generalist, ruderal and alien species, which over time have partially replaced those typically associated with riparian habitats. Ecological trait-based analyses indicated an increase over time in the percentage of thermophilous, heliophilous and nitrophilous species in both plant communities; the riparian community also showed an increase in xerophilous ones. Overall, the results indicate that aquatic and riparian communities exhibit distinct temporal dynamics within the same river system and highlight how long-term, permanent plot-based floristic monitoring is a useful tool in environmental studies.},
}
@article {pmid41829034,
year = {2026},
author = {Burnett, JW and Ohnstad, H and Jones, AM and Hardege, JD and Bartels-Hardege, HD},
title = {Olfactory Cues in the Odour Plume of Predatory Fish Reduce Foraging and Elicit Anti-Predator Behaviour in the European Green Crab Carcinus maenas.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16050828},
pmid = {41829034},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is an intertidal crustacean that has extended its invasive range globally and is regarded as a major pest species for bivalves, impacting coastal food chains and aquacultures. Crabs primarily use chemosensory cues to sense their environment for feeding to avoid predation and to locate mates and induce mating. Consequently, known attractants including food baits are frequently employed in trapping and control efforts. Here, we investigate the effects of introducing a predatory fish odour to the environment and show that it elicits anti-predator behaviour in C. maenas. A 45% reduction in crab foraging and feeding behaviour was observed when predator odour was introduced compared with food control experiments. A further 23% reduction (68% reduction overall) in feeding behaviour was observed after crabs were exposed to (though housed separately from) the same seawater as the live predator for several days. This highlights the increased awareness or continuous stress of these habituated crabs towards predator odour. This study also presents potential for application as a deterrent in integrated pest management strategies for this global invader.},
}
@article {pmid41828983,
year = {2026},
author = {Kobayashi, M and Iwata, E and Sorensen, PW},
title = {Environmental and Physiological Regulation of Reproduction in the Goldfish: Gonadal Development, Maturation, and Spawning Behavior: A Review.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16050775},
pmid = {41828983},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {The goldfish, a member of the Cyprinidae (minnow family) is an important and relevant model for understanding how fish function and reproduce and can be better managed. Here, we review recent studies of this species and its strengths as a model system. First, we review current understanding of how its neuroendocrine system regulates gonadotropin release, and then steroidogenesis and finally gonadal maturation in both males and females. Endocrine determinants of gender and sexual plasticity are described. Effects of the fish androgen, 11-ketotestosterone, on sexual and spawning behavior of males and females are reviewed. We also describe how several hormones (androstenedione, 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregen-3-one, prostaglandin F2α) and their metabolites function as "hormonal pheromones" to synchronize male-female spawning behavior and physiology. Insight provided by the goldfish has enhanced understanding of the neurobiology, toxicology, and comparative physiology of other fishes and provided lessons applicable to the culture of commercial carp and the control of invasive species, as well as conservation.},
}
@article {pmid41828222,
year = {2026},
author = {Naghizadeh, M and Niemand, ME and Langner, EHG and Sivanda, AS and Eschwege, KGV},
title = {Densification and Mechanical Enhancement of Invasive South African Hardwoods: Prosopis glandulosa and Acacia mearnsii.},
journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ma19050954},
pmid = {41828222},
issn = {1996-1944},
support = {N/A//University of the Free State/ ; },
abstract = {Wood used in construction varies in density, leading to differences in strength and rigidity. Wood densification has recently emerged as a promising technique to address these limitations and enhance material performance. This study explores the potential of two abundant and low-cost invasive hardwood species in South Africa-Prosopis glandulosa (Honey Mesquite) and Acacia mearnsii (Black Wattle)-as sources for producing densified wood. A range of strengthening methods, including chemical, pressure, and heat treatments, were applied and compared. After partial delignification and hot pressing, sample thicknesses were reduced by 40% for Prosopis and 50% for Acacia, yielding substantial increases in flexural strength of 216% (22.61 MPa) for Prosopis and 334% (24.65 MPa) for Acacia. In addition to anatomical imaging, analyses of lignosulphonate content, and thermogravimetric profiling, the study also evaluated several practical, carpentry-relevant mechanical properties. These included comparative tests for flexural and compressive strength, nailing and sanding performance, as well as assessments of water absorption, electrical resistivity, and flame-holding capacity.},
}
@article {pmid41824780,
year = {2026},
author = {Herrera, C and Leza, M},
title = {No evidence of increased mortality associated with Vespa velutina (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) spread in Spain.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjag039},
pmid = {41824780},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {POSTDOC2024_4//Margalida Comas/ ; PID2023-149487OA-I00//Margalida Comas/ ; MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033//Margalida Comas/ ; ERDF/EU//Margalida Comas/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Spain ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Retrospective Studies ; Bees ; },
abstract = {Subject Editor: Kristen Healy Global environmental change is reshaping species distributions worldwide, with direct implications for public health through altered patterns of arthropod exposure. Among Hymenoptera, the expansion of the yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905 has generated substantial concern, particularly in regions where the species is recently established. In Spain, this arrival has coincided with increased media attention and heightened public perception of danger, often accompanied by assumptions of rising mortality and escalating health risk. However, the true epidemiological impact of this invasion remains poorly quantified at the national scale. We conducted a retrospective analysis of officially certified deaths attributed to contact with hornets, wasps, and bees in Spain over a multi-decadal period spanning the establishment and spread of V. velutina. Overall, mortality associated with Hymenoptera exposure appeared stable over time and not altered during the period in which V. velutina became established. These findings suggest that invasion alone may not directly translate into measurable population-level lethality, highlighting the need to distinguish between increased encounter probability and the progression to fatal anaphylaxis. Continued surveillance, integration of clinical and ecological data, and accurate public communication will be essential for anticipating and responding to future shifts in risk under ongoing environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid41824159,
year = {2026},
author = {da Silveira, LCL and Marchioro, CA},
title = {Global Suitable Habitats for Spodoptera litura and the Implications for Brazilian Agriculture.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41824159},
issn = {1678-8052},
mesh = {Brazil ; Animals ; *Spodoptera ; *Agriculture ; *Ecosystem ; *Crops, Agricultural ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species can significantly impact the environment, public health, and food production. Identifying high-risk areas is essential for implementing preventive measures, especially for species with several traits linked to invasive behavior, such as Spodoptera litura (F.). This study aimed to predict the potential global distribution of S. litura and assess its implications for five major crops in Brazil. Climatic suitability was estimated using the MaxEnt correlative algorithm, with fifty models generated by varying feature classes and regularization multiplier values. The best model selected based on the corrected Akaike Information Criterion demonstrated strong predictive performance, with high Area Under the Curve (AUCtrain = 0.92, AUCtest = 0.86) and Continuous Boyce Index (CBItrain = 0.95, CBItest = 0.75) values. Predictions identified highly and moderately suitable areas for S. litura across all continents, including regions where the species has not yet been recorded, such as the Neotropics. In Brazil, highly suitable areas include the mid-west, northeastern coast, and the southeastern and southern regions. Among the assessed crops, citrus (97.2%) had the greatest overlap with the suitable range for S. litura, followed by rice (94.2%), coffee (90.3%), and soybean (72.8%). These findings suggest that S. litura could cause significant economic damage if introduced and spread in Brazil. The results of this study can inform the development of preventive measures against the introduction and spread of this important agricultural pest, especially on high-risk areas near airports and seaports with intense international trade and in proximity to host crops.},
}
@article {pmid41824124,
year = {2026},
author = {Rana, D and Singh, N and Thapliyal, M and Thapliyal, A},
title = {Integrated assessment of aquatic biota reveals ecological shifts and invasive trout reappearance in a post-flood Himalayan stream.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41824124},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {Animals ; Rivers/chemistry ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Trout ; Floods ; Ecosystem ; Climate Change ; India ; *Biota ; },
abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems in the Himalayas are increasingly threatened by climate change, hydrological instability, and invasive species, yet the long-term ecological trajectories after major disturbance events remain poorly understood. This study examines post-flood environmental changes in the Assi Ganga River, a glacial tributary of the Bhagirathi, more than a decade after the catastrophic 2012-2013 flood that wiped out native and invasive fish populations, including Salmo trutta fario. From 2023 to 2024, we carried out integrated monitoring of macroinvertebrate communities, fish populations, and physicochemical parameters across three altitudinal sites (S1-S3). Water temperature increased downstream by about 1.2 °C, dissolved oxygen levels dropped accordingly, and turbidity peaked during the monsoon season. Macroinvertebrates showed signs of partial recovery, with 42 taxa recorded and a 7.3% increase in total abundance. Fish communities included seven cold-water species, with native Schizothorax spp. displaying strong numerical recovery, and invasive Salmo trutta fario reappearing across sites, likely due to recolonization from upstream refuges. Multivariate analyses revealed that temperature, DO, turbidity, and alkalinity collectively influenced both macroinvertebrate and fish communities, indicating shared environmental filters. The resurgence of S. trutta fario, potentially aided by recovering macroinvertebrate prey, raises concerns about renewed competitive pressure on native snow trout. This research highlights the importance of integrated, multi-trophic biomonitoring to understand resilience, restructuring, and invasion pathways in Himalayan river ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41824010,
year = {2026},
author = {Seymour, CL and Tolley, KA and Zengeya, T and Spear, D and Cloete, JA and Dayaram, A and da Silva, JM and Alexander, GJ and Handley, K and Joseph, GS and Simba, LD and Snaddon, K and von Maltitz, GP and Carrick, PJ},
title = {A 2026 horizon scan for biodiversity conservation in South Africa.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41824010},
issn = {1654-7209},
abstract = {Horizon scans identify potential changes, enabling proactive rather than reactive conservation strategies. Here, in a follow up to the 2020 horizon scan, 14 biodiversity professionals from different sectors identify ten emerging issues potentially relevant to biodiversity conservation in South Africa over the next 5-10 years. The issues identified highlight three critical needs: adaptive governance systems, cross-sectoral collaboration capacity, and vigilance around new technologies that may simultaneously offer solutions and create new environmental pressures. We plotted these issues along axes of social agreement and scientific certainty, to ascertain whether issues might be "simple" (amenable to solutions from science alone), "complicated" (socially agreed upon but technically complicated), "complex" (scientifically challenging and condisderable levels of social disagreement) or "chaotic" (high social disagreement and highly scientifically challenging). Only one issue was likely to be addressed with improved science alone, but the remainder were all "complex", requiring social, economic and political engagement.},
}
@article {pmid41821188,
year = {2026},
author = {Srivastava, V and Van Lanen, NJ and Parshad, RD},
title = {Modeling species co-occurrence effects to inform invasive barred owl management and recovery of the northern spotted owl.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {e70195},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70195},
pmid = {41821188},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//U.S. Geological Survey/ ; //Robert J. Lambert Graduate Assistantship/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Strigiformes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Models, Biological ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Robust estimation of wildlife populations represents a cornerstone of wildlife research and provides critical information to guide management, including identifying at-risk species, setting harvest rates, and evaluating predator and invasive species control programs. Efforts to enhance population estimation have long included influences one species may have on another, beginning with direct effects of predation on prey populations. More recently, researchers have incorporated co-occurrence effects, such as fear of a competitor, into Lotka-Volterra competition models to generate more robust wildlife population estimates. Here, we introduce two modified Lotka-Volterra competition models, which incorporate one- and two-way co-occurrence effects, to estimate populations of two competing species. Using the test case of northern spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina) and barred owl (Strix varia) populations in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, we evaluate if these new co-occurrence models can generate more robust population estimates than previous models. We then evaluate if potential co-occurrence effects among barred and northern spotted owls are uni- or bidirectional. Lastly, we leverage the best-performing model to evaluate the degree to which a recently proposed barred owl culling program may help recover northern spotted owl populations. Our model results suggest that incorporating co-occurrence effects improves model fit compared to classical Lotka-Volterra competition models. We found strong evidence for unidirectional co-occurrence effects of barred owls on northern spotted owls, but not vice versa. Our simulations of barred owl culling suggest that barred owls would need to be culled from approximately 40% of all occupied barred owl territories each year to reverse ongoing northern spotted owl population declines.},
}
@article {pmid41820262,
year = {2026},
author = {Jochems, L and Requena-Mullor, JM and Brandt, J and Caughlin, TT and Monks, A and Hopping, K and Williamson, MA and Lishawa, SC},
title = {Assessing the environmental and dispersal-related drivers of an invasive aquatic plant in Great Lakes coastal wetlands.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {e70206},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70206},
pmid = {41820262},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {IS21-0307//Michigan Invasive Species Grant Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Introduced Species ; Michigan ; *Hydrocharitaceae/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Lakes ; *Plant Dispersal ; Bayes Theorem ; Seashore ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species pose a major threat to wetland ecosystems. One effective way to control the spread of invasive plants is to intercept them early in the invasion process. Species distribution models (SDMs), fit with covariates related to habitat suitability, can predict where new invasions are likely to occur. For species that have not yet filled their niches during early invasions, dispersal dynamics such as proximity to known presences and/or human vectors may control spread as much as habitat suitability. Yet, many SDMs assume that the species has filled its niche, incorporate only biophysical predictors, and do not consider spatial processes. Including dispersal dynamics can account for nonequilibrium processes, thereby improving the utility of invasive SDMs. We quantified the importance of environmental (abiotic and biotic) and dispersal-related drivers (anthropogenic and endogenous) on the occurrence and abundance of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (European frogbit; EFB), a floating aquatic plant. We fit Bayesian hurdle models with integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLAs) to 2487 quadrat observations recorded across coastal wetlands in Michigan, USA from 2011 to 2021. We found that EFB occurrence was most strongly associated with distance to the nearest known population (m), a proxy of local dispersal. EFB occurrence also exhibited a nonlinear relationship with water depth (cm), demonstrating an optimal range of water depth for EFB. Occurrence was negatively associated with wave energy and positively associated with cattail (Typha spp.) abundance, which we attribute to protection from waves. Surprisingly, none of our predictors had any meaningful associations with EFB abundance, suggesting that it may be too early in EFB's invasion stage to quantify important drivers of abundance once at a site, or we did not include important factors that operate at the scale at which these growth processes occur. Moreover, the dispersal model yielded slightly better predictive capacity of EFB across Michigan. Overall, our results indicate that local dispersal is the primary driver of occurrence for an invasive species that has not yet filled its niche, whereas additional data or SDMs may be necessary to (a) better predict its abundance once established in coastal wetlands and (b) identify susceptible areas to future invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41820179,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, P and Siemann, E},
title = {Introduced species: positive participants in contemporary ecosystems.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2026.02.001},
pmid = {41820179},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {Introduced species are usually viewed as major threats to biodiversity, yet growing evidence shows that their ecological roles are far more dynamic and complex. Recognizing introduced species as positive participants in contemporary ecosystems may help reconcile the long-standing paradox of biodiversity loss and shifts in ecosystem functioning under global change.},
}
@article {pmid41819697,
year = {2026},
author = {Ciaralli, L and Valente, T and Monfardini, E and Berto, D and Rampazzo, F and Libralato, G and Manfra, L and Piermarini, R and Silvestri, C and Radicioli, M and Gioacchini, G and Chemello, G and Trotta, E and Capó, JD and Tomassetti, P and Matiddi, M},
title = {Callinectes sapidus - coast to coast: Integrating stable isotope analysis and shotgun metagenomics to unravel trophic dynamics and microlitter ingestion across two Mediterranean sites.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {227},
number = {},
pages = {119532},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119532},
pmid = {41819697},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {The increasing presence of microlitter in the marine environment poses a growing threat to aquatic organisms. This study investigates microlitter ingestion and trophic ecology of Callinectes sapidus from two populations of the Mediterranean basin: the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas. To disentangle potential differences in feeding strategies between the populations, we adopted an integrated framework combining stable isotope analysis with shotgun metagenomic analysis of gastrointestinal contents, thus providing a complementary view of long-term trophic position and short-term dietary composition. Gastrointestinal analysis revealed microlitter ingestion in 39% of Adriatic and 50% of Tyrrhenian individuals, with 123 particles retrieved. Fibres dominated (94.3%), though composition varied regionally: Adriatic individuals ingested mainly cellulose-based microlitter (62.5%), whereas Tyrrhenian ones mostly synthetic polymers (61.4%). Eight chemical types were identified, with cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, and resin-based polymers most abundant. Stable isotope analysis (δ[15]N and δ[13]C) indicated distinct trophic patterns: Adriatic population had higher δ[15]N (mean ± sd: 11.50 ± 2.27‰) and less depleted δ[13]C (-16.20 ± 1.52‰) compared to the Tyrrhenian one (δ[15]N: 9.01 ± 2.27‰; δ[13]C: -18.57 ± 0.88‰), suggesting region-specific feeding strategies. Shotgun metagenomics provided complementary information on prey composition, helping to characterise the opportunistic diet of C. sapidus. Overall, these findings highlight spatial differences in microlitter exposure and trophic dynamics, likely shaped by environmental availability and feeding behaviour. By integrating microlitter ingestion, stable isotope analysis, and metagenomics, this study provides insight into how C. sapidus interacts with anthropogenic and natural resources, emphasizing the feeding flexibility underlying its invasive success in Mediterranean Sea.},
}
@article {pmid41818812,
year = {2026},
author = {Weiler, DE and Alonzo, SH and Palkovacs, EP},
title = {Intraspecific variation in mating behaviour modulates the effects of mosquitofish introduction on prey communities.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2066},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2918},
pmid = {41818812},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; *Cyprinodontiformes/physiology ; Female ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Zooplankton/physiology ; *Food Chain ; *Introduced Species ; *Predatory Behavior ; },
abstract = {Intraspecific variation is recognized as a driver of ecological processes, yet prior studies have overwhelmingly focused on the ecological effects of intraspecific trait variation driven by natural selection. Far less is known about how variation in sexually selected traits influences ecological outcomes. In this study, we tested whether intraspecific differences in reproductive behaviours affect the ecosystem- and community-level impact of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) introductions. Male mosquitofish frequently harass females through persistent mating attempts. We manipulated the intensity of male harassment and then used a mesocosm experiment to measure the ecological consequences of these differences in harassment. Although this behaviour manipulation was short-lived, our results suggest that differences in harassment intensity affected zooplankton communities. Compared to fish-absent controls, mesocosms with high-harassment males had smaller zooplankton body size and reduced abundance in several dominant taxa. These effects were not observed in low-harassment treatments, suggesting a threshold response in which only high-harassment males elicited community changes. The presence of mosquitofish also caused a trophic cascade to impact phytoplankton biomass; however, the strength of this cascade was not altered by harassment intensity. Our findings demonstrate that sexual selection can shape community composition and shows that reproductive behaviour can modulate the impact of species introduction.},
}
@article {pmid41815923,
year = {2026},
author = {Muñoz, IJ and Alvarez Costa, A and Schilman, PE and Calcaterra, LA},
title = {Spatial coexistence of invasive ants in fragmented urban habitats of their native range.},
journal = {Frontiers in insect science},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {1776153},
pmid = {41815923},
issn = {2673-8600},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Urban landscapes are increasingly recognized as key arenas for biological invasions, yet the mechanisms enabling the local coexistence of multiple highly invasive species remain poorly understood. Urban habitat fragmentation generates mosaics of habitat patches that differ in size, isolation, and microhabitat complexity, shaping ant community structure and competitive interactions.<br><br>METHODS: Here, we investigated ant assemblages across a mosaic of urban habitat patches within a university campus in Buenos Aires, Argentina, focusing on four globally invasive ant species (Wasmannia auropunctata, Linepithema humile, Nylanderia fulva, and Solenopsis invicta) near the southern limit of their native ranges. We quantified species richness, abundance and composition using pitfall traps and evaluated species-specific indicators of food discovery, recruitment, and dominance using standardized bait experiments.<br><br>RESULTS: Ant assemblages differed significantly among habitat patches, with marked spatial variation in richness, diversity, and species composition. Contrary to expectations of rigid dominance hierarchies, no single species consistently dominated across patches. Nylanderia fulva showed the highest numerical abundance and discovery efficiency, L. humile exhibited the strongest recruitment ability, and W. auropunctata displayed localized dominance near nesting areas, while S. invicta was rare and competitively subordinate. Ordination and multivariate analyses indicated strong spatial structuring of assemblages, consistent with the influence of urban fragmentation and patch-level heterogeneity.<br><br>DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Overall, our results support a metacommunity perspective in which invasive ant coexistence in urban systems is mediated by context-dependent competitive interactions rather than fixed dominance hierarchies. By emphasizing the role of fine-scale spatial structure, this study provides a nuanced, system-specific contribution to understanding invasive ant dynamics in urban environments.},
}
@article {pmid41815798,
year = {2026},
author = {Geronca, J and Egana, JMC and Cleofe, MAS and Bautista, MAM},
title = {The first dataset of de novo assembled transcriptome of Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae).},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {65},
number = {},
pages = {112619},
pmid = {41815798},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is the top agricultural export of the Philippines with about 1.2 billion pesos in value. The Philippine coconut industry, however, has been under major threat from an outbreak of the armored coconut scale insects. There are two species believed to cause an outbreak: Aspidiotus destructor Signoret and Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne. These are sibling species and are hard to differentiate using morphological identification. In fact, A. rigidus was once thought to be a subspecies of A. destructor and was misidentified as A. destructor during the early phases of the coconut scale insect outbreak because it is the only known species native to the Philippines. Aspidiotus rigidus has recently been identified as an invasive species and found to be the cause of the outbreak. The native species A. destructor should not be overlooked as a subject of research since it is still present alongside the A. rigidus, and it continues to infest several perennial crops. The need for a research approach of these insects at the molecular level has required the use of transcriptomics. Transcriptome datasets offer a way at investigating how genes are expressed, how species differ from each other, and how phenotypes came to be, among others. Transcriptomics offers such deeper understanding and can be used to develop methods for pest management. Because A. rigidus transcriptome has recently become available, it is imperative to have the dataset for its sibling species, A. destructor. This serves as a foundational resource; the first publicly available transcriptome assembly for the species. This will provide additional knowledge on how the two sibling species differ and assess their capacity to cause outbreak. The data here represents the first transcriptome profile of the A. destructor using Illumina HiSeq 4000 paired- end sequencing. Pair-end reads were assembled de novo with Trinity. Raw fastq reads have been deposited in NCBI-SRA (SRR17085744 and SRR17085743). The Trinity-based transcriptome assembly have also been deposited in the NCBI-SRA (SUB10341747). Two additional assemblies were also generated and have been deposited in NCBI-SRA: an assembly clustered using CD-HIT-EST (SUB10341752) and an assembly sorted according to its longest assembly via a custom script (SUB10341753).},
}
@article {pmid41815292,
year = {2026},
author = {Collier, BL and Leonard, D and Lyons, K and Dunbar, JP and Lawton, C and Dugon, MM},
title = {Survey of Synanthropic Spiders in Ireland Reveals Expansion and Dominance of the Invasive Noble False Widow Steatoda nobilis in Urban Habitats (Araneae: Theridiidae).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e73193},
pmid = {41815292},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Rapid urbanisation has led several spider species to adapt to synanthropic microhabitats and establish large populations outside of their native ranges. In Ireland, the establishment and widespread distribution of the Noble false widow spider Steatoda nobilis (Araneae: Theridiidae) (Thorell, 1875) has raised questions about its impact on native spider populations across the country. Through an extensive field survey of six urban centres over an 11-month period, we sought to establish population demographics for S. nobilis and other synanthropic spiders in Ireland for the first time. We surveyed fence microhabitats for both spider abundance and diversity to determine the influence of variables such as prey availability and climate. Of the 20 identifiable species observed, S. nobilis and the missing sector orb weaver Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) typically made up more than 80% of the spider abundance regardless of location surveyed, including two new Irish counties where S. nobilis had previously not been recorded but is now well established (Co. Mayo and Co. Sligo). Our results also indicated that the diversity of synanthropic spiders is significantly affected by seasonality and prey availability, but largely unaffected by daily weather conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41815290,
year = {2026},
author = {Kouri, JD and Rust, E and Souza, L},
title = {Intra- and Inter-Specific Ecological Impacts Vary Across a Gradient of Abundance of an Invasive Species, Bothriochloa ischaemum, in a Mixed-Grass Prairie.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e73212},
pmid = {41815290},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Managing biological invasions is one of the top priorities of biodiversity conservation. Invasive plants are a well-known threat to native plant and animal communities, and understanding their ecological impacts is critical to developing individualized management strategies. While much is known about the impacts of invasive plants, there are still questions about the per capita effects along invasion abundance gradients across levels of biological organization. In this study we investigate how the ecological impacts of the invasive grass Bothriochloa ischaemum vary across a gradient of invasion and whether effects are consistent across population (abundance and functional traits of a dominant native grass, Schizachyrium scoparium) and community (species richness and composition) levels. We found that most of the ecological impacts of B. ischaemum scale linearly with its abundance across population and community levels. Increasing invasion reduces the height and abundance of the dominant native S. scoparium individuals and shifts their functional trait composition. Increasing invasion also reduces cover of native C3 and C4 grasses, total foliar cover, subdominant foliar cover, species richness, and leads to shifts in species and functional group composition. However, the impact on legume abundance saturated at low invader abundance (1%-15% cover) and remained constant as invader abundance increased. We show that the direct ecological impacts of invasive species may be compounded by shifts in the functional traits of dominant native species toward more conservative traits and shifts in species and functional group composition, leading toward a shift in population and community structure and function.},
}
@article {pmid41815179,
year = {2026},
author = {Coffer, MM and Trinh, R and Mitchell, M and Angstadt, K and Stanhope, D and Lv, Z and Nunez, K and Bartlett, ND and Wiltsie, D and Sullivan, S and Schaeffer, BA},
title = {Tidal marsh species mapping using commercial satellite imagery for enhanced coastal management in Chesapeake Bay.},
journal = {Remote sensing applications : society and environment},
volume = {41},
number = {},
pages = {101902},
pmid = {41815179},
issn = {2352-9385},
abstract = {Tidal marshes offer numerous ecological and economic benefits but are threatened by human development, sea-level rise, and invasive species. Routine mapping of their species composition is crucial for coastal management, yet current efforts are spatially and temporally limited and lack species identification. To address this, we used 3-m PlanetScope satellite imagery to classify four common marsh plants across Virginia's Middle Peninsula in Chesapeake Bay, a region targeted for restoration given its ecological and economic significance. We developed a random forest classifier using May 2021 reference data from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, delineating Spartina alterniflora, Phragmites australis, Spartina patens, and Juncus roemerianus at eight marshes. Balanced agreement was strong at 93%, ranging from 63% to 98% across individual marshes. We then expanded to the broader Middle Peninsula, using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare satellite- and reference-derived coverage of P. australis, finding moderate agreement despite a large temporal offset (r rb = 0.45; N = 152). Following suitable model performance, we generated annual assessments for May 2021-2024. S. alterniflora was most extensively distributed, covering half of our study area. We also analyzed random forest class probabilities to inform data collection and model interpretation. Probabilities were generally above 0.6, although those accompanying J. roemerianus were notably lower. We present methods for large-scale species mapping to inform resource prioritization and coastal management, including a framework for communicating classification certainty, which is adaptable to stakeholder needs. Our framework can be used to retrain our classification model for application elsewhere, where local field data is available.},
}
@article {pmid41813674,
year = {2026},
author = {Verhoeven, MR and Bartodziej, WL and Berg, MS and Blood, S and Crabb, R and Fieldseth, E and Johnson, JA and Marty, J and McComas, S and Newman, RM and Rattei, M and Sweet, JB and Townsend, J and Vlach, B and Valenty, J and Spetzman, JP and Witkowski, SW and Prichard, A and Glisson, WJ and Larkin, DJ},
title = {Occurrence and environmental data for aquatic plants of Minnesota from 1999-2018.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-026-07027-3},
pmid = {41813674},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {CON-75851, project 00074041//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
abstract = {The aquatic flora of Minnesota's freshwater lakes have been extensively surveyed for purposes of resource assessment, research, and ecosystem management. Despite widespread use of a common method for vegetation sampling ("point-intercept surveys"), these records have existed to-date in disparate locations without unification. Here we present a first-of-its-kind dataset of point-level occurrences, relative abundances, and associated environmental data for macrophytes (freshwater plants) across Minnesota. The data encompass 3,194 surveys of 1,520 lakes and ponds performed over a 19-year timespan. A total of 367,382 points were sampled, across which 231 taxa were recorded. Macrophyte occurrence data and depth, as well as point-level relative-plant-abundance measures for a subset of surveys, were collated, cleaned, and joined to geospatial data and Secchi-depth measurements of water clarity, enabling light availability, a primary control on aquatic plant growth, to be estimated. The data are well-suited for ecological analyses across multiple spatial scales and can be used to address both fundamental and applied ecological questions.},
}
@article {pmid41812963,
year = {2026},
author = {Luiz, M and Banha, F and Brito, G and Cambiaghi E Silva, B and Anastácio, P and Gesto, M and Soares, MC},
title = {Behavioral and physiological dynamics of a native minnow exposed to invasive fish species.},
journal = {Physiology &amp; behavior},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {115298},
doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115298},
pmid = {41812963},
issn = {1873-507X},
abstract = {The introduction of invasive alien species is a major threat to freshwater biodiversity, particularly in Mediterranean ecosystems where seasonal droughts increase population density and social stress. This study investigated the effects of the presence and of variables densities of two widespread invasive fish species Gambusia holbrooki (Girard, 1859) and Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758), on the behaviour and physiology of the Iberian endemic Squalius alburnoides (Steindachner, 1866). Under baseline density, exposure to G. holbrooki significantly altered the behaviour of S. alburnoides, leading to increased aggression towards conspecifics, enhanced evasion, and a rise in the number of attacks suffered. These behavioral changes were accompanied by a reduction in forebrain dopamine levels, suggesting that dopaminergic influence in stress-related responses. In contrast, interactions with L. gibbosus under the same conditions did not produce significant behavioral or physiological effects, although conspecific aggression showed temporal fluctuations. Under high-density conditions, both invaders intensified antagonistic interactions with S. alburnoides. Significant neurochemical alterations occurred solely in fish exposed to G. holbrooki, which showed elevated 5-HIAA concentrations and increased DOPAC/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios, indicating activation of serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. Unexpectedly, plasma cortisol levels in S. alburnoides decreased in the presence of both invader species, suggesting a possible downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis under putative social stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that invasives differentially modulate behavioral and physiological stress responses in S. alburnoides, with G. holbrooki exerting stronger effects than L. gibbosus, and that higher densities amplify these species-specific interactions.},
}
@article {pmid41811978,
year = {2026},
author = {Meagher, RL and Adamczyk, JJ and Renkema, J and Lance, D and Brambila, J},
title = {Cross attraction to various Spodoptera species using pheromone lures for native and exotic species.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvag006},
pmid = {41811978},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {6615-22000-021-00D//U. S. Department of Agriculture CRIS/ ; 6036-22000-030-00//U. S. Department of Agriculture CRIS/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/drug effects/physiology ; *Pheromones/pharmacology ; *Insect Control/methods ; Introduced Species ; Species Specificity ; Florida ; Texas ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {Previous research showed that the pheromone lure commercially formulated and produced for the exotic species Spodoptera exempta (Walker) also captured 2 native species, Spodoptera albula (Walker) and Spodoptera latifascia (Walker). This study expanded that work to identify the Spodoptera species that were attracted to lures specifically formulated for S. albula, Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll in Cramer), Spodoptera exempta (Walker), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), S. latifascia, Spodoptera litura (F.), and Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval). In all trapping sites in Texas and Florida, S. exempta lures attracted S. latifascia and S. albula moths, sometimes at densities of over 80 moths per night. These lures, along with those designed for S. latifascia and S. albula, provided seasonal information for other Spodoptera species that are not routinely monitored. Lures for the South American species S. cosmioides consistently attracted the native non-pest Spodoptera dolichos (F.). Lures formulated for Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) from the Old World and S. litura from Asia also attracted native species. Trapping in a strawberry production area highlighted the possibility that S. latifascia and S. albula are potential pest species. Trials comparing different plastic-colored traps suggest that all white and green traps attracted fewer Spodoptera species moths than standard-colored Unitraps, which are green, yellow, and white.},
}
@article {pmid41780452,
year = {2026},
author = {Su, F and He, X and Jin, Z and Xiao, K and Tian, P and Xiao, D},
title = {Cordgrass invasion amplifies microplastic hazard through polymer-selective retention in coastal wetlands.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {296},
number = {},
pages = {125667},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2026.125667},
pmid = {41780452},
issn = {1879-2448},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Microplastics ; *Poaceae ; Introduced Species ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; China ; Polymers ; Environmental Monitoring ; Geologic Sediments ; Seashore ; },
abstract = {Coastal wetlands are key repositories and pathways for microplastics (MPs), a role modulated by vegetation. The global spread of the nonnative cordgrass Spartina alterniflora is thus likely to alter MP deposition and fate, yet its effects on MP accumulation and related ecological risks are not well quantified. Integrating field surveys along an 18,000-km latitudinal transect (∼20°) of China's coastline with an ensemble of three machine-learning models, we produced a 500 m-resolution map of the MP polymer hazard index (PHI) in sediments (0-40 cm depth) and compared MP stocks and risks among native marshes, S. alterniflora-invaded marshes, and unvegetated mudflats. While MP abundance did not differ significantly between native and invaded marshes, PHI in invaded marshes was 20.0 % higher than in native marshes and 57.1 % higher than in mudflats, indicating a shift toward more hazardous polymers. This shift led to a marked expansion of high-risk coverage (increasing by 26.8 % compared with native marshes and 386.1 % relative to mudflats). Climatic variables (mean annual temperature and precipitation) emerged as dominant predictors of PHI across habitats, while plant invasion further accentuated habitat-specific effects mediated via microbial mediation. These results demonstrate that plant invasion amplifies coastal plastic pollution risk through both enhanced retention and selective accumulation of more hazardous polymers, underscoring the need to incorporate invasion control into coastal MP management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41808257,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, Y and Chen, Y and Du, E and Chen, X and Liu, W and Li, Y and Zeng, N and Zi, X and He, Q and Li, Z and Su, R and Gui, F},
title = {Role of Gut Bacteria in Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta Gaining Resistance to α-Tomatine by Converting It to Cholesterol.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5c16815},
pmid = {41808257},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Tuta absoluta is a worldwide invasive pest that causes severe losses in tomato industry in China, while its resistance mechanism to tomato's protective alkaloid of α-tomatine remains unclear. This study explores the role of its gut microbiota, and results showed that the abundance of the gut symbiont Enterococcus mundtii was significantly higher in T. absoluta feeding on wild-type tomatoes than that in those feeding on α-tomatine-deficient GAME2 mutant tomatoes. Isolated E. mundtii strain E14 degraded 72.2 ± 1.3% of α-tomatine in vitro; reinoculating it into antibiotic-treated T. absoluta restored the degradation ability. Inoculating E14 into five other lepidopteran pests (except noncolonized Plutella xylostella) enhanced their α-tomatine tolerance. Multiomics and in vitro pure-culture experiments showed that α-tomatine degrades into cholesterol via deglycosylation, reduction, and hydrolysis. This study reveals α-tomatine's dual role (toxin/cholesterol precursor) and E. mundtii as a key adaptation mediator, advancing our understanding of insect-plant coevolution and invasive pest control.},
}
@article {pmid41805746,
year = {2026},
author = {Carneiro, L and Pincheira-Donoso, D and Leroy, B and Bertolino, S and Camacho-Cervantes, M and Cuthbert, RN and Bang, A and Catford, JA and South, J and Cooke, SJ and Angulo, E and Courchamp, F},
title = {Expanding invasive species impact assessments to the ecosystem level with EEICAT.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e3003665},
pmid = {41805746},
issn = {1545-7885},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The ecological impacts of biological invasions vary widely in type, scale, and severity, highlighting the need for consistent assessment tools. The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) provides a standardized framework for assessing their effects, but focuses mainly on population-level impacts. We introduce the Extended EICAT (EEICAT), which incorporates impacts across three ecological dimensions, from individuals to ecosystems, with an impact-based approach. EEICAT enables classification of 19 impact types at the invasion-event level, making it suitable for primary research, synthesis, and management. This framework aims to improve the detection, comparison, and communication of complex ecological impacts caused by biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41410089,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, H and Xie, D and Pan, Z and Jia, N and Zhou, J and Yang, Q and Yu, J and Chi, D},
title = {Behavior-based stratified management: population suppression and invasion front control of Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) in coastal shelterbelt ecosystems.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {4},
pages = {3384-3394},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70465},
pmid = {41410089},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1400300)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Insect Control/methods ; *Introduced Species ; Pinus/growth &amp; development ; *Weevils/physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The red-haired bark beetle (RHB), Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius), is a significant invasive pest responsible for widespread mortality in pine forests. Current control methods are largely ineffective and poorly integrated, failing to halt the spread of RHB. This study aimed to develop and validate an integrated management system that leverages the beetle's behavioral patterns and implements stratified management strategies based on the severity of infestation levels.<br><br>RESULTS: We first enhanced trapping efficiency by optimizing key technologies, including trap design, deployment methods, and lure formulations. Building on this foundation, we developed a stratified management plan with the following key measures: in newly colonized stands, a strategy combining benzyl alcohol repellents and optimized lure attractants, along with flight-interception traps, significantly reduced spread, decreasing the proportion of dead trees from 12.5% to 2.6%. In outbreak stands, intensive measures such as stump removal and mass trapping reduced the RHB population density by 99.05%. Additionally, replanting alters stand volatiles, reducing their attractiveness to the beetles.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The stratified management strategy, applied to both newly colonized and outbreak stands of RHB, proved highly effective in suppressing population growth and preventing further dispersal. This approach offers a key technical solution for restoring damaged coastal ecosystems and provides a valuable reference for managing similar invasive pests worldwide. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid37739130,
year = {2023},
author = {Wei, H and Cheng, H and Yao, N and Li, G and Du, Z and Luo, R and Zheng, Z},
title = {Invasive alien plant biomass-derived hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {343},
number = {},
pages = {140220},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140220},
pmid = {37739130},
issn = {1879-1298},
mesh = {Biomass ; Electrodes ; *Carbon/chemistry ; *Electric Power Supplies ; *Sodium/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {In the context of rampant growth of invasive plants, finding suitable ways for resource utilization has become the optimal choice for invasive plant management. In the field of energy storage, sodium-ion batteries have been limited by the lack of appropriate anode materials, and hard carbon stands out as the most promising candidate. Therefore, this study focuses on the preparation of biomass-derived carbons from three invasive plant species, namely Spartina alterniflora Loisel., Solidago canadensis L., and Erigeron canadensis L., through high-temperature carbonization. The resulting biomass carbons are then subjected to cleaning and activation processes to prepare sodium-ion anode materials. The internal structure of the materials was characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and BET. The materials exhibited a significant amount of pore structures, with interlayer spacing around 0.37 nm, which is larger than the original graphite interlayer spacing. The plant anode materials were assembled into full batteries for cyclic charge/discharge tests. The results show that all three anode materials have good multiplicative performance and excellent cyclable charge/discharge. After 100 cycles at a current of 50 mA in the voltage range of 0-3.0 V, the reversible capacities of the three materials reached 245.3, 207.19, and 227.12 mAh/g, respectively. Among them, the material derived from Spartina alterniflora maintained a capacity of 141.63 mAh/g even after 1000 cycles at a current of 200 mA, demonstrating the best capacity performance.},
}
@article {pmid37733768,
year = {2023},
author = {Chen, J and Lewis, OT},
title = {Experimental heatwaves facilitate invasion and alter species interactions and composition in a tropical host-parasitoid community.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {29},
number = {22},
pages = {6261-6275},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.16937},
pmid = {37733768},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {201806010328//China Scholarship Council/ ; NE/N010221/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Drosophila/physiology/parasitology ; Queensland ; *Climate Change ; *Hot Temperature ; Tropical Climate ; Ecosystem ; *Wasps/physiology ; },
abstract = {As mean temperatures increase and heatwaves become more frequent, species are expanding their distributions to colonise new habitats. The resulting novel species interactions will simultaneously shape the temperature-driven reorganization of resident communities. The interactive effects of climate change and climate change-facilitated invasion have rarely been studied in multi-trophic communities, and are likely to differ depending on the nature of the climatic driver (i.e., climate extremes or constant warming). We re-created under laboratory conditions a host-parasitoid community typical of high-elevation rainforest sites in Queensland, Australia, comprising four Drosophila species and two associated parasitoid species. We subjected these communities to an equivalent increase in average temperature in the form of periodic heatwaves or constant warming, in combination with an invasion treatment involving a novel host species from lower-elevation habitats. The two parasitoid species were sensitive to both warming and heatwaves, while the demographic responses of Drosophila species were highly idiosyncratic, reflecting the combined effects of thermal tolerance, parasitism, competition, and facilitation. After multiple generations, our heatwave treatment promoted the establishment of low-elevation species in upland communities. Invasion of the low-elevation species correlated negatively with the abundance of one of the parasitoid species, leading to cascading effects on its hosts and their competitors. Our study, therefore, reveals differing, sometimes contrasting, impacts of extreme temperatures and constant warming on community composition. It also highlights how the scale and direction of climate impacts could be further modified by invading species within a bi-trophic community network.},
}
@article {pmid37638537,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhang, L and Li, Z and Peng, Y and Liang, X and Wilson, K and Chipabika, G and Karangwa, P and Uzayisenga, B and Mensah, BA and Kachigamba, DL and Xiao, Y},
title = {Global genomic signature reveals the evolution of fall armyworm in the Eastern hemisphere.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {20},
pages = {5463-5478},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17117},
pmid = {37638537},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {JCYJ20200109150629266//Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation/ ; NIF\R1\191106//The Newton International Fellowship/ ; 2022ZD04021//STI 2030&#xff0d;Major Projects/ ; BB/P023444/1andEP/T024410/1//Global Challenges Research Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Haplotypes ; *Spodoptera/genetics ; *Genetics, Population ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Insect ; Africa ; Genomics ; Asia ; Introduced Species ; Americas ; *Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {The major plant pest fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is native to the Americas and has colonized Africa and Asia within the Eastern hemisphere since 2016, causing severe damage to multiple agricultural crop species. However, the genetic origin of these invasive populations requires more in-depth exploration. We analysed genetic variation across the genomes of 280 FAW individuals from both the Eastern hemisphere and the Americas. The global range-wide genetic structure of FAW shows that the FAW in America has experienced deep differentiation, largely consistent with the Z-chromosomal Tpi haplotypes commonly used to differentiate 'corn-strain' and 'rice-strain' populations. The invasive populations from Africa and Asia are different from the American ones and have a relatively homogeneous population structure, consistent with the common origin and recent spreading from Africa to Asia. Our analyses suggest that north- and central American 'corn-strain' FAW are the most likely sources of the invasion into the Eastern hemisphere. Furthermore, evidence based on genomic, transcriptomic and mitochondrial haplotype network analyses indicates an earlier, independent introduction of FAW into Africa, with subsequent migration into the recent invasive population.},
}
@article {pmid37608763,
year = {2023},
author = {Holmes, M},
title = {A plague of weasels and ticks: animal introduction, ecological disaster, and the balance of nature in Jamaica, 1870-1900.},
journal = {British journal for the history of science},
volume = {56},
number = {3},
pages = {391-407},
doi = {10.1017/S0007087423000286},
pmid = {37608763},
issn = {1474-001X},
mesh = {Animals ; History, 19th Century ; Jamaica ; *Herpestidae ; *Introduced Species/history ; *Ticks ; Colonialism/history ; },
abstract = {Towards the end of the nineteenth century, British colonists in Jamaica became increasingly exasperated by the damage caused to their sugar plantations by rats. In 1872, a British planter attempted to solve this problem by introducing the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata). The animals, however, turned on Jamaica's insectivorous birds and reptiles, leading to an explosion in the tick population. This paper situates the mongoose catastrophe as a closing chapter in the history of the nineteenth-century acclimatization movement. While foreign observers saw the introduction of the mongoose as a cautionary tale, caricaturing British Jamaica as overrun by a plague of weasels and ticks, British colonists, administrators and naturalists - identifying a gradual decline of both populations - argued that the 'balance of nature' would eventually reassert itself. As this paper argues, through this dubious claim they were attempting to retrospectively rationalize or justify the introductions and their disastrous aftermath. This strategy enabled them to gloss over the lasting ecological damage caused by the mongoose, and allowed its adherents to continue their uncritical support of both the Jamaican plantation economy and animal introductions in the British Empire.},
}
@article {pmid37572908,
year = {2023},
author = {Gallé, R and Tölgyesi, C and Szabó, &#xc1;R and Korányi, D and Bátori, Z and Hábenczyus, A and Török, E and Révész, K and Torma, A and Gallé-Szpisjak, N and Lakatos, T and Batáry, P},
title = {Plant invasion and fragmentation indirectly and contrastingly affect native plants and grassland arthropods.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {903},
number = {},
pages = {166199},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166199},
pmid = {37572908},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Grassland ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; *Arthropods/physiology ; *Asclepias/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Hungary ; },
abstract = {Plant invasion and habitat fragmentation have a detrimental effect on biodiversity in nearly all types of ecosystems. We compared the direct and indirect effects of the invasion of the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) on biodiversity patterns in different-sized Hungarian forest-steppe fragments. We assessed vegetation structure, measured temperature and soil moisture, and studied organisms with different ecological roles in invaded and non-invaded sites of fragments: plants, bees, butterflies, flower-visiting wasps, flies, true bugs, and spiders. Temperature and soil moisture were lower in invaded than in non-invaded area. Milkweed had a positive effect on plant species richness and flower abundance. In contrast, we mainly found indirect effects of invasion on arthropods through alteration of physical habitat characteristics and food resources. Pollinators were positively affected by native flowers, thus, milkweed indirectly supported pollinators. Similarly, we found higher species richness of herbivores in invaded sites than control sites, as species richness of true bugs also increased with increasing plant species richness. Predators were positively affected by complex vegetation structure, higher soil moisture and lower temperature. Furthermore, increasing fragment size had a strong negative effect on spider species richness of non-invaded sites, but no effect in invaded sites. Especially, grassland specialist spiders were more sensitive to fragment size than generalists, whereas generalist spider species rather profited from invasion. Although milkweed invades natural areas, we did not identify strong negative effects of its presence on the diversity of the grassland biota. However, the supportive effect of milkweed on a few generalist species homogenises the communities. The rate of invasion might increase with increasing fragmentation, therefore we recommend eliminating invasive plants from small habitat fragments to preserve the native biota. Focusing also on generalist species and revealing the indirect effects of invasions are essential for understanding the invasion mechanisms and would support restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid37530696,
year = {2023},
author = {Ismail, M and Siemann, E and Ding, J},
title = {Behavior of higher trophic levels associated with an invasive plant varies among populations.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {52},
number = {5},
pages = {870-878},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvad067},
pmid = {37530696},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {2016PB030//China National R&amp;D Program/ ; 31370404//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Moths/parasitology/physiology/growth &amp; development ; China ; *Food Chain ; *Euphorbiaceae/physiology ; *Aphids/physiology/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Herbivory ; Female ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants from their native and introduced ranges differ in their interactions with herbivores but it is not known whether they also vary in their interactions with herbivore natural enemies. Here, we used olfactometer bioassays and cage experiments to investigate how foraging behaviors of 2 parasitoid and 1 hyperparasitoid species depended on plant population origin. Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) is native to China but invasive in the United States. In China, it is fed on by a specialist noctuid Gadirtha fusca (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), which hosts a parasitoid Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Microgastinae) and hyperparasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) plus a generalist aphid Toxoptera odinae (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) parasitized by Lysiphlebus confusus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae). Both parasitoids preferred plants infested by their host over herbivore-free plants in olfactometer bioassays. Apanteles sp. and Eurytomid wasps preferred G. fusca infested plants from China populations over those from US populations in olfactometer bioassays but L. confusus wasps did not discriminate between T. odinae infested plants from China vs. US populations. Similarly, G. fusca caterpillars on China population plants were more likely to be parasitized than ones on US population plants when they were in the same cage but odds of parasitism for T. odinae did not differ for those on China vs. US population plants. These results suggest that populations from the native and introduced ranges may differ in traits that impact higher trophic levels. This may have implications for successful control of invasive plants as biocontrol agents are introduced or herbivores begin to feed on them in their introduced ranges.},
}
@article {pmid37431651,
year = {2023},
author = {Kinsey, JC and Foster, JA and Snow, NP and Wishart, JD and Staples, LD and Bush, JK and VerCauteren, KC},
title = {Assessment of spilled toxic bait by wild pigs and potential risk to non-target species.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {79},
number = {11},
pages = {4589-4598},
doi = {10.1002/ps.7658},
pmid = {37431651},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Animal Control Technologies Australia/ ; //Texas Parks and Wildlife Department/ ; //U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sus scrofa ; *Sodium Nitrite/toxicity ; Texas ; Risk Assessment ; Introduced Species ; Animals, Wild ; Swine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In 2018, a sodium nitrite (SN)-based toxic bait for invasive wild pigs (hereafter wild pigs; Sus scrofa), was evaluated to determine its effectiveness in reducing local wild pig populations in Texas. Localized population reductions of >70% were achieved, but spillage of bait outside wild pig-specific feeders (bait stations) caused by feeding wild pigs resulted in the deaths of non-target animals. To evaluate risks to non-target animals, we tested whether bait presentation influenced the total amount of bait spilled by wild pigs and estimated the associated risk to non-target species.<br><br>RESULTS: We found that bait spilled outside bait stations could be reduced by >90% when compacted in trays, as opposed to being manually crumbled into pieces. We documented a mean spill rate of 0.913&#x2009;g of bait per wild pig. Conservative risk assessments for nine non-target species for which SN toxicity data exist indicate that there is relatively low risk of lethal exposure, apart from zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and white mice. Our results indicate that there may be enough spilled bait per feeding wild pig to kill 9.5 or 3.5 individuals of these species, respectively. Other species assessed range from 0.002 to 0.406 potential mortalities per wild pig.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the amount of bait spilled by wild pigs during feeding and the associated risk to non-target animals can be minimized by presenting the bait compacted in trays within bait stations. We recommend that baits be tightly compacted and secured in bait stations to minimize risks to non-target animals from spilled bait by wild pigs. &#xa9; 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.},
}
@article {pmid37332098,
year = {2023},
author = {Thia, JA and Umina, PA and Hoffmann, AA},
title = {Ace and ace-like genes of invasive redlegged earth mite: copy number variation, target-site mutations, and their associations with organophosphate insensitivity.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {79},
number = {11},
pages = {4219-4230},
doi = {10.1002/ps.7619},
pmid = {37332098},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Grains Research and Development Corporation/ ; //University of Melbourne/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA Copy Number Variations ; *Organophosphates/pharmacology ; Mutation ; *Mites/genetics/drug effects ; *Acaricides/pharmacology ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive Australian populations of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), are evolving increasing organophosphate resistance. In addition to the canonical ace gene, the target gene of organophosphates, the H. destructor genome contains many radiated ace-like genes that vary in copy number and amino acid sequence. In this work, we characterise copy number and target-site mutation variation at the canonical ace and ace-like genes and test for potential associations with organophosphate insensitivity. This was achieved through comparisons of whole-genome pool-seq data from alive and dead mites following organophosphate exposure.<br><br>RESULTS: A combination of increased copy number and target-site mutations at the canonical ace was associated with organophosphate insensitivity in H. destructor. Resistant populations were segregating for G119S, A201S, F331Y at the canonical ace. A subset of populations also had copy numbers of canonical ace&#x2009;>&#x2009;2, which potentially helps overexpress proteins carrying these target-site mutations. Haplotypes possessing different copy numbers and target-site mutations of the canonical ace gene may be under selection across H. destructor populations. We also detected some evidence that increases in copy number of radiated ace-like genes are associated with organophosphate insensitivity, which might suggest potential roles in sequestration or breakdown of organophosphates.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Different combinations of target-site mutations and (or) copy number variation in the canonical ace and ace-like genes may provide non-convergent ways for H. destructor to respond to organophosphate selection. However, these changes may only play a partial role in organophosphate insensitivity, which appears to have a polygenic architecture. &#xa9; 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41802065,
year = {2026},
author = {Obille, AR and Hasan, R and Rees, DJ and Ng, J and Wang, ZY and Bagchi, R and Lian, K and Carneiro, KMM and Sone, ED},
title = {Identification and characterization of a wet adhesive protein extracted from Dreissena bugensis, the freshwater quagga mussel.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {11},
pages = {e2537453123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2537453123},
pmid = {41802065},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {RGPIN-2019-06210//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)/ ; RGPIN-2025-07042//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Proteins/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; *Dreissena/chemistry/metabolism ; Fresh Water ; *Adhesives/chemistry ; Proteomics ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine/chemistry ; Adhesiveness ; Bivalvia ; },
abstract = {Mechanisms of wet adhesion have evolved in several aquatic organisms over millions of years. Yet, the repertoire of synthetic biocompatible wet adhesive materials is still limited. The byssus is a well-studied proteinaceous bioadhesive structure utilized by several bivalves to support sessile lifestyles in turbulent conditions. The quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) is a freshwater byssate and a notorious invasive species in the Great Lakes region. To identify adhesive proteins in the quagga mussel byssus, we utilized quantitative proteomics and found several proteins enriched at the byssus-substrate interface. Among the identified proteins was the Dbfp7 protein family. Dbfp7 is a small, polymorphic, and mostly disordered protein that lacks significant amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), a modified amino acid found in several marine mussel byssal proteins. Atomic force microscopy nanomechanical mapping of Dbfp7 films demonstrates that this protein exhibits adhesive ability in aqueous conditions. While DOPA is critical for marine mussel adhesion, interfacial electrochemistry of freshwater adhesive plaques suggests that freshwater byssates circumvent catechol-based adhesion. The functional characterization of Dbfp7 as a freshwater mussel adhesive protein advances the understanding of fundamental requirements for biocompatible wet adhesion, a crucial step for the development of bioinspired wet adhesive materials, such as improved medical adhesives.},
}
@article {pmid41652005,
year = {2026},
author = {Rahmanian, S and Eisenhauer, N and Huang, Y and Hejda, M and Pyšek, P and Feilhauer, H and Eldridge, DJ and Gross, N and Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y and Saiz, H and Delgado-Baquerizo, M and Berdugo, M and Ochoa, V and Gozalo, B and Asensio, S and Guirado, E and Valencia, E and García-Gómez, M and Gaitán, JJ and Mendoza, B and Plaza, C and Díaz-Martínez, P and Martínez-Valderrama, J and Abedi, M and Ahmadian, N and Ahumada, RJ and Amghar, F and Araújo, T and Arroyo, AI and Ben Salem, F and Blaum, N and Boldbat, E and Boldgiv, B and Bowker, M and van den Brink, L and Bu, C and Canessa, R and Castillo-Monroy, AP and Castro, H and Castro-Quezada, P and Chaieb, G and Chibani, R and Conceição, AA and Davila, YC and Deák, B and Donoso, DA and Dougill, A and Espinosa, CI and Fajardo, A and Farzam, M and Ferrante, D and Franzese, J and Fraser, LH and Geiger, E and Gonzalez, SL and Montalván, EG and Hering, R and Marais, E and Hernández Hernández, RM and Hernández-Valdez, SD and Hölzel, N and Huber-Sannwald, E and Jadán, O and Jentsch, A and Kindermann, L and Köbel, M and le Roux, PC and Leder, CV and Li, X and Liancourt, P and Linstädter, A and Liu, J and Louw, MA and Maggs-Kölling, G and Makhalanyane, TP and Issa, OM and Manzaneda, AJ and Margerie, P and Martin, R and McClaran, MP and Messeder, JVS and Mora, JP and Moreno, G and Munson, SM and Nair, GR and Nunes, A and Oliva, G and Palpurina, S and Peter, G and Pueyo, Y and Quiroga, E and Reed, SC and Rey, PJ and Rodríguez, A and Rolo, V and Ruppert, JC and Salah, A and Sarig, S and Singh, BK and Swemmer, A and Teixido, AL and Thomas, AD and Tielbörger, K and Travers, S and Valkó, O and Wamiti, W and Wang, D and Wang, L and Wardle, GM and Wolff, P and Yahdjian, L and Oñatibia, GR and Yari, R and Zaady, E and Zhang, Y and Zhou, X and Maestre, FT},
title = {Abiotic and biotic controls of non-native perennial plant success in drylands.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {523-535},
pmid = {41652005},
issn = {2397-334X},
support = {346001466//Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation)/ ; [German Research Foundation, DFG]-FZT 118, 202548816)//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; Ei 862/29-1; FOR 5000, 422440326//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; ([German Research Foundation, DFG]-FZT 118, 202548816//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; DFG (Ei 862/29-1; FOR 5000, 422440326//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; RVO 67985939//Akademie V&#x11b;d &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)/ ; grant no. 41971131//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; The 111 Project (D23029)//Ministerium f&#xfc;r Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-W&#xfc;rttemberg (Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-W&#xfc;rttemberg)/ ; EAR-1554894 and DEB-2406931//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; ERC grant 647038 (BIODESERT)//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; (CIDEGENT/2018/041)//Generalitat Valenciana (Regional Government of Valencia)/ ; },
mesh = {Herbivory ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants/classification ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; },
abstract = {Drivers of non-native plant success in drylands are poorly understood. Here we identify functional differences between dryland native and non-native perennial plants and assess how biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors shape the success of the latter. On the basis of plant community and functional trait data from 98 sites across 25 countries, we report a total of 41 non-native plant species at 31 sites. Non-natives tend towards faster growth strategies than natives. Non-native plant richness is higher at sites with greater grazing pressure and under environmental conditions associated with higher soil fertility, decomposition and fungal richness-conditions that tend to occur in less arid regions-and lower where native plant and herbivore richness are greater. Non-native plant cover correlates positively with grazing pressure and negatively with native plant richness. Taken together, our results suggest that non-native plant success in drylands is facilitated when high grazing pressure coincides with elevated resource availability. Such context-dependence of non-native plant success and linkages with native plant and herbivore diversity highlight the need for managing grazing and conserving biodiversity across the world's drylands.},
}
@article {pmid37659092,
year = {2023},
author = {Vercellino, RB and Hernández, F and Presotto, A},
title = {The role of intraspecific crop-weed hybridization in the evolution of weediness and invasiveness: Cultivated and weedy radish (Raphanus sativus) as a case study.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {110},
number = {9},
pages = {e16217},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.16217},
pmid = {37659092},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {*Raphanus/genetics/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Plant Weeds/genetics/physiology ; *Crops, Agricultural/genetics/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: The phenotype of hybrids between a crop and its wild or weed counterpart is usually intermediate and maladapted compared to that of their parents; however, hybridization has sometimes been associated with increased fitness, potentially leading to enhanced weediness and invasiveness. Since the ecological context and maternal genetic effects may affect hybrid fitness, they could influence the evolutionary outcomes of hybridization. Here, we evaluated the performance of first-generation crop-weed hybrids of Raphanus sativus and their parents in two contrasting ecological conditions.<br><br>METHODS: Using experimental hybridization and outdoor common garden experiments, we assessed differences in time to flowering, survival to maturity, plant biomass, and reproductive components between bidirectional crop-weed hybrids and their parents in agrestal (wheat cultivation, fertilization, weeding) and ruderal (human-disturbed, uncultivated area) conditions over 2 years.<br><br>RESULTS: Crop, weeds, and bidirectional hybrids overlapped at least partially during the flowering period, indicating a high probability of gene flow. Hybrids survived to maturity at rates at least as successful as their parents and had higher plant biomass and fecundity, which resulted in higher fitness compared to their parents in both environments, without any differences associated with the direction of the hybridization.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Intraspecific crop-weed hybridization, regardless of the cross direction, has the potential to promote weediness in weedy R. sativus in agrestal and ruderal environments, increasing the chances for introgression of crop alleles into weed populations. This is the first report of intraspecific crop-weed hybridization in R. sativus.},
}
@article {pmid37573739,
year = {2023},
author = {Schourup-Kristensen, V and Larsen, J and Stæhr, PAU and Maar, M},
title = {Modelled dispersal pathways of non-indigenous species in the Danish Wadden Sea.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {191},
number = {},
pages = {106111},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106111},
pmid = {37573739},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Denmark ; *Introduced Species ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Models, Theoretical ; Animals ; North Sea ; *Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {The introduction-rate of non-indigenous species (NIS) to coastal water bodies has accelerated over the last century. We present a model study assessing the fate of NIS released in likely point sources of the Danish Wadden Sea. We show that NIS-particles released in the deep North Sea are generally transported away from the Wadden Sea, while those released in the coastal North Sea and the Wadden Sea show large variability in track pattern and settlement location. Consequently, the introduction of NIS from ships entering the port of Esbjerg pose a threat to the Wadden Sea through primary and secondary spreading, while transport of species from sources in the south likely causes a slow and steady settling of NIS in the Wadden Sea and coastal North Sea. The study points to the importance of enforcing an efficient monitoring system to ensure early detection of changes to the species composition of the Wadden Sea.},
}
@article {pmid41800856,
year = {2026},
author = {Yin, X and Liu, Y and Kong, F and Shu, L and Peng, C and Ang, LP},
title = {A Global Conservation Blind Spot: Neglect of Bryophytes Undermines Biodiversity Targets.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {3},
pages = {e70789},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70789},
pmid = {41800856},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2023JBGS05//Research Project of Baishanzu National Park/ ; 46623-1//Rufford Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Bryophyta/physiology ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {The global biodiversity crisis is unevenly documented, with conservation assessments heavily biased toward vertebrates and flowering plants. Terrestrial gametophyte-dominant plants (i.e., bryophytes), with over 20,000 species and representing one of Earth's oldest radiations, remain among the most overlooked. To quantify this gap, we integrated global distribution records, elevation patterns, IUCN datasets, research trends, and threat meta-analyzes. Thirty-seven bryophyte-rich regions and global elevational patterns were identified. We found only 1.5% of bryophyte species have been assessed by the IUCN Red List, and among these assessed species, over half are threatened, nearly twice the global average for plants. Agriculture and climate change emerged as the dominant extinction drivers worldwide, while threats vary regionally: deforestation threatens bryophyte diversity in Africa and South America, while climate change and invasive species are the primary threats in Europe. Without targeted, region-specific conservation strategies, accelerating bryophyte decline will undermine biodiversity targets and jeopardize essential ecosystem functions.},
}
@article {pmid41800122,
year = {2026},
author = {Ciftcioglu, M and Kesbiç, OS and Filiz, H and Ağdamar, S},
title = {Commercial resource potential of an invasive sea cucumber: nutritional analysis of Synaptula reciprocans.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e20466},
pmid = {41800122},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Nutritive Value ; *Introduced Species ; *Sea Cucumbers/chemistry ; Seasons ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Amino Acids/analysis ; Mediterranean Sea ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Synaptula reciprocans, originally native to the Indo-Pacific region, is widespread in the Red Sea. The species entered the Mediterranean during the 1970s and 1980s and has been reported along the Turkish coastline since 2003, where it has established invasive populations. European Union Regulation No. 1143/2014 encourages the investigation of alternative uses and the assessment of the economic potential of invasive species as part of management and control strategies. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional value and elemental composition of S. reciprocans, an invasive species in the Mediterranean, in order to assess its suitability for human consumption and potential alternative applications.<br><br>METHODS: S. reciprocans were sampled from two different stations (L1: Gokova Bay and L2: Gulluk Bay) over two seasons, as winter (S1) and summer (S2), and transported to the laboratory under cold chain conditions (+4 &#xb0;C). Moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, fatty acid, amino acid, and elemental content analyses were performed using standardized methods, including gravimetric, Kjeldahl, GC/MS, LC/MS-MS, and ICP-OES techniques.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings indicate that both locality and season significantly influence the species' nutritional properties (p < 0.05). Dry matter content exhibited considerable variation across seasons, with the highest concentration observed in L2/S2 and L2/S1. Crude protein levels peaked in winter across both regions (L2S1, L1S1), while fat content was consistently higher in Bodrum samples compared to Gokova (p < 0.05). Ash content was highest in Gokova across both seasonal periods (p < 0.05). The fatty acid profile demonstrated notable seasonal and regional differences (p < 0.05), with linoleic acid (C 18:2) emerging as the predominant polyunsaturated &#x3c9;-6 fatty acid. Additionally, amino acid analysis revealed significant variation (p < 0.05), identifying alanine, asparagine, glutamine, and proline as the dominant amino acids. Elemental analysis highlighted the absence of copper (Cu) in all sampled tissues, while sodium (Na) was consistently the most abundant mineral.},
}
@article {pmid41797626,
year = {2026},
author = {Nardi, D and Rassati, D and Battisti, A and Branco, M and Courtin, C and Faccoli, M and Feddern, N and Francese, JA and Franzen, E and Garcia, A and Giannone, F and Gossner, MM and Jonsell, M and Kostanowicz, C and Marchioro, M and Martinek, P and Ray, AM and Roques, A and Sweeney, J and Van Rooyen, K and Webster, V and Marini, L},
title = {Integrating landscape ecology into generic surveillance plans for bark- and wood-boring beetles.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {e70194},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70194},
pmid = {41797626},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {AP18PPQS&amp;T00C164//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; AP18PPQS&amp;T00C169//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; AP19PPQS&amp;T00C082//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; 771271//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; UID/00239//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia/ ; //Canadian Forest Service, Forest Pest Risk Management Program/ ; 101134200//HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Wood ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Forests ; },
abstract = {International trade poses a growing threat to global biosecurity, with bark- and wood-boring beetles representing a major concern for forest health. Non-native species are frequently introduced at points of entry, where populations can establish in the surrounding landscape. To improve early detection, generic surveillance programs use traps in these high-risk areas, collecting a broad spectrum of species. These traps also capture native beetles, providing insights into the potential species pool that could become exotic elsewhere. However, implementing effective landscape-wide surveillance within reasonable resource limits remains challenging. In this study, we used trapping data of Cerambycidae and Scolytinae from 11 high-risk areas across Europe and North America to develop practical recommendations for generic surveillance at multiple spatial scales. Specifically, we attempted to address two key questions: (1) how to maximize the single-trap efficacy depending on the trap surroundings; and (2) how many traps should be used in a landscape-wide sampling depending on landscape composition. Under budget constraints, we recommend prioritizing trap placement within forest patches and avoiding locations surrounded by roads or buildings. Urban-dominated landscapes required greater sampling effort (i.e., more traps) than forest-dominated landscapes. Deploying fewer than four traps per square kilometer might lead to an incomplete representation of the local bark- and wood-boring beetle community, losing about 30%-50% of species. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of incorporating landscape ecology into generic surveillance planning to optimize trap effectiveness within resource limitations.},
}
@article {pmid41762534,
year = {2026},
author = {Buńkowska-Gawlik, K and Hildebrand, J and Popiołek, M and Perec-Matysiak, A},
title = {Faecal DNA detection and molecular identification of nematodes of veterinary relevance in invasive raccoons and raccoon dogs in Central Europe.},
journal = {Veterinary parasitology},
volume = {343},
number = {},
pages = {110727},
doi = {10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110727},
pmid = {41762534},
issn = {1873-2550},
mesh = {Animals ; *Raccoons/parasitology ; *Feces/parasitology ; *Raccoon Dogs/parasitology ; *DNA, Helminth/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Poland/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; *Nematode Infections/veterinary/epidemiology/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; *Nematoda/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; },
abstract = {Invasive carnivores such as the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are widespread in Europe and may contribute to the circulation of nematodes of veterinary and zoonotic relevance at the wildlife-domestic animal interface. Molecular data on nematode taxa infecting these hosts in Central Europe remain scarce, particularly those derived from faecal DNA. We analysed 212 post-mortem faecal samples collected in western Poland (97 raccoons, 115 raccoon dogs) using PCR-based screening followed by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequencing for molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis. Nematode DNA was detected in 46/212 samples (21.7%), representing minimum detection frequencies rather than true prevalence. In raccoon dogs, sequences of Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis and Crenosoma spp. were identified, with Molineus sp. representing the most frequently detected taxon. In raccoons, cox1 sequences indicated Strongyloides sp., T. canis and Molineus sp., together with several lineages that could not be reliably assigned due to limited representation of wildlife-associated nematodes in public databases. DNA of Baylisascaris procyonis was not detected. Mitochondrial cox1 sequences obtained from morphologically identified adult Molineus specimens were identical to those recovered from faecal samples, providing the first reference sequences for this genus. Overall, this study provides baseline molecular data on nematode taxa circulating in invasive carnivores in Central Europe and demonstrates the utility of faecal DNA for qualitative surveillance of nematodes of veterinary relevance.},
}
@article {pmid41679063,
year = {2026},
author = {He, Z and Xue, M and Wang, Y and Tian, Z and Wu, H},
title = {Evaluation efficacy of filtration + UV-C radiation for ballast water treatment at different salinity.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {401},
number = {},
pages = {128921},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128921},
pmid = {41679063},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Ultraviolet Rays ; *Filtration ; Salinity ; *Water Purification/methods ; Phytoplankton/radiation effects ; Ships ; },
abstract = {In recent years, the issue of invasive alien species brought on by ballast water has drawn increasing attention, and advances in ballast water treatment technologies have been made. One of the most popular combined ballast water treatment technologies utilized in ballast water management systems globally is filtration + UV-C radiation. In this work, we compared the effectiveness of filtration + UV technology in treating plankton in ballast water with various salinity. The final biological density of ballast water treated by filtration + UV process with different salinity could meet the biological discharge standard required by D-2 standard. UV-C irradiation (It mainly acts on phytoplankton) is more sensitive to salinity than filtration (It mainly acts on phytoplankton).},
}
@article {pmid41679052,
year = {2026},
author = {Puchalski, BS and da Silveira, MK and Soares, EJS and Gonçalves, IL and Freitas, BLS},
title = {Plant-based coagulants for sustainable treatment: Insights from a systematic review and their potential application in Brazil.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {401},
number = {},
pages = {128973},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128973},
pmid = {41679052},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Brazil ; *Water Purification/methods ; Wastewater ; *Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; *Plants ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; },
abstract = {Beyond their well-known role in air purification, plants can also act as natural coagulants for water, wastewater, and effluent treatment. This systematic review examined research on plant-based coagulants published between 2000 and 2024 across four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Taylor &amp; Francis). Of the 895 retrieved articles, 175 met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed by plant species, preparation method, treatment matrix, application scale, and efficiency. Plant-based coagulants showed broad applicability in effluents, followed by water and wastewater, with high removal efficiencies for turbidity (up to 100%), microbiological parameters (80-98%), heavy metals (78-90%), and emerging contaminants (70-88%). Most studies investigated individual coagulants using simple preparation methods such as drying and grinding, though some species (e.g., Moringa oleifera, Aloe vera) enable even more accessible processing. Research remains largely at the bench-scale, with limited pilot applications, underscoring the need for scale-up and real-world validation. Reported benefits include low toxicity, reduced sludge production, and opportunities for using agricultural residues or invasive species. Despite Brazil's vast biodiversity and technical capacity as a BRICS country, few studies have explored its potential, highlighting the need for targeted research to foster sustainable water treatment solutions. Exploring the viability of plant-based coagulants represents not only a scientific challenge but also a strategic opportunity to advance sustainable, low-cost, and locally driven treatment solutions, particularly for biodiversity-rich countries like Brazil.},
}
@article {pmid41475011,
year = {2026},
author = {Zakroff, ARA and Stireman Iii, JO},
title = {Invasive Lonicera maackii (Dipscales: Caprifoliaceae) supports a depauperate arthropod community.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf130},
pmid = {41475011},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//WestRock Scholars Program of the College of Science and Mathematics at Wright State University and a Five Rivers MetroParks Foundation Ecological Research/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Lonicera/physiology ; *Arthropods/physiology ; Ohio ; *Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Invasion by non-native species is a growing threat to ecosystems and economies. In eastern North American woodlands, invasive exotic shrubs are displacing native plants and transforming understory communities. The displacement of native plants by invasive non-natives may reduce the resources available to higher trophic levels by supporting diminished arthropod communities. Despite a conceptual understanding of the potential for invasive shrubs to transform forest communities, little research has focused on characterizing the arthropod communities they support or their impact on higher trophic levels in eastern North American forests. To address this gap, we compared arthropod diversity, abundance, and community composition on a highly invasive shrub in southwestern Ohio, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii, Maxim., Dipscales: Caprifoliaceae), to a related, ecologically similar, native shrub, blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium, Linnaeus, Dipscales: Adoxaceae), over a growing season. Relative to the native shrub, we found that L. maackii hosted a depauperate arthropod community overall, with about 25% fewer individuals and 28% fewer species than its native counterpart, V. prunifolium-primarily driven by a smaller herbivore community on L. maackii. In contrast, the abundance and richness of predatory arthropods were similar between the native and invasive shrubs. The arthropod communities on the native and exotic plants broadly overlapped in ordination space; however, community composition varied significantly, albeit modestly. These findings support the prediction that invasive plants support depauperate arthropod communities and provide reduced ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid40842822,
year = {2025},
author = {Goel, N and Liebhold, AM and Bertelsmeier, C and Hooten, MB and Korolev, KS and Keitt, TH},
title = {A mechanistic statistical approach to infer invasion characteristics of human-dispersed species with complex life cycle.},
journal = {Ecological monographs},
volume = {95},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {40842822},
issn = {0012-9615},
support = {R01 GM138530/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The rising introduction of invasive species through trade networks threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, we have a limited understanding of how transportation networks determine spatiotemporal patterns of range expansion. This knowledge gap may stem from two reasons. First, current analytical models fail to integrate the invader's life-history dynamics with heterogeneity in human-mediated dispersal patterns. Second, classical statistical methods often fail to provide reliable estimates of model parameters, such as time and place of species introduction and life-history characteristics, due to spatial biases in the presence-only records and lack of informative demographic data. To address these gaps, we first formulate an age-structured metapopulation model that uses a probability matrix to emulate human-mediated dispersal patterns. The model reveals that an invader spreads radially along the shortest network path, such that the inter-patch network distances decrease with increasing traffic volume and reproductive value of hitchhikers. Next, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian statistical method to estimate model parameters using presence-only data and prior demographic knowledge. To show the utility of the statistical approach, we analyze zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) expansion in North America through the inland commercial shipping network. Our analysis suggests that zebra mussels might have been introduced before 1981, indicating a lag of five years between time of introduction and first detection in late 1986. Furthermore, using our statistical model we estimated a one in three chance that they were introduced near Kingsville (Ontario, Canada), where they were first reported. We also find survival, fecundity, and dispersal during early life (1-2 years) play a critical role in determining the expansion success of these mollusks. These results underscore the importance of fusing prior scientific knowledge with observation and demographic processes in a Bayesian framework for conceptual and practical understanding of how invasive species spread by human agency.},
}
@article {pmid40758403,
year = {2025},
author = {Koziol, L and McKenna, TP and Duell, EB and Bever, JD},
title = {Seven years later: native AMF inoculation improves grassland successional stage, floristic quality index, and diversity, while suppressing weeds.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology letters},
volume = {372},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsle/fnaf079},
pmid = {40758403},
issn = {1574-6968},
support = {DBI-2120153//National Science Foundation/ ; BII-2120153//National Science Foundation/ ; PFI 2016549//National Science Foundation/ ; NIFA-AFRI-1003475//United States Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {*Grassland ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Plant Weeds/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Reintroducing key soil microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, can enhance prairie restoration, but the long-term persistence of these effects is unclear. In 2017, a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment was established that applied an inoculation gradient of native AM fungal inoculant ranging from 0 to 8192 kg/ha. Here, we sample the resulting prairie community establishment and spread seven growing seasons later (72 months). We found that AM fungal application increased total diversity, floristic quality index, and average coefficient of conservatism scores-metrics that assess an area's ecological integrity based on plant species. Moreover, high application densities of native AM fungi reduced non-native plant abundance. Furthermore, inoculated prairie plots were more likely to extend 1.5 m into adjacent nonseeded old-field plots, enhancing native diversity and reducing invasion in marginal lands. These findings highlight the lasting benefits of native AM fungal inoculation in prairie restoration and their potential to facilitate long-term ecosystem recovery, aligning with global biodiversity conservation efforts such as the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Life on Land). Given that land managers spend ~25% of their time and considerable economic input managing invasive species, these findings demonstrate that the reintroducing native AM fungi from reference ecosystems during grassland restoration could provide a cost-effective means of enhancing ecological outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid39710225,
year = {2025},
author = {Stevanovic, K and Sinkkonen, A and Pawankar, R and Zuberbier, T},
title = {Urban Greening and Pollen Allergy: Balancing Health and Environmental Sustainability.},
journal = {The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {275-279},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaip.2024.12.017},
pmid = {39710225},
issn = {2213-2201},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pollen/immunology ; *Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Allergens/immunology ; Ecosystem ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Urban living requires a careful balance between human health and environmental sustainability when selecting urban vegetation. Public gardens and green roofs offer significant environmental benefits, including air filtration, exposure to health-associated microbiota, and mitigation of the urban heat island effect. However, prioritizing allergy-friendly species is crucial to prevent the exacerbation of pollen allergies. This review highlights 3 primary criteria for selecting vegetation that supports these ecosystem services while minimizing allergy risks. First, reducing the use of many wind-pollinated plants, such as birch trees and grasses, is crucial due to their high pollen production and cross-reactivity with other species, which can exacerbate allergies. In contrast, insect-pollinated plants are generally safer for allergy sufferers. Secondly, cultivating multispecies plant communities with minimal maintenance supports habitats for microbiota and invertebrates, further providing ecosystem services. Lastly, balancing plant gender ratios in urban spaces can help control pollen levels. Together these criteria provide a framework for urban planners to create green spaces that are both environmentally beneficial and allergy friendly. Although this review focuses on European data, the principles discussed have global relevance, reinforcing the need to integrate environmental sustainability with public health considerations in urban planning. Future studies should also investigate the health impacts of plant volatile emissions, explore heat-resistant plant varieties, and assess the ecological risks of invasive species to support sustainable, allergy-friendly urban environments.},
}
@article {pmid30754298,
year = {2010},
author = {Minnis, AM and Rossman, AY and Clement, DL and Malinoski, MK and Rane, KK},
title = {First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera leucotricha on Callery Pear in North America.},
journal = {Plant disease},
volume = {94},
number = {2},
pages = {279},
doi = {10.1094/PDIS-94-2-0279B},
pmid = {30754298},
issn = {0191-2917},
abstract = {Callery pear, often referred to as Bradford pear, is a species native to China that is planted throughout North America as an ornamental tree for its white flowers in spring, bright colored foliage in autumn, and resistance to disease. In some regions it is becoming an invasive species that is replacing native trees. In May 2009, leaves of Pyrus calleryana 'Cleveland Select' showing distortion and signs of powdery mildew were collected in Columbia (Howard County), Maryland. A survey of the surrounding area found numerous similarly diseased trees of this cultivar. Microscopic observation of the leaves revealed a fungus with an Oidium anamorph having nipple-shaped appressoria; conidiophores erect, foot cells cylindric, straight, of terminal origin, 41 to 55 × 9.5 to 12.5 μm, with the following cells present in variable numbers; conidia catenulate, broadly ellipsoid to rarely slightly ovoid, 22 to 27 × 11 to 17 μm, with fibrosin bodies. Chasmothecia were absent. On the basis of morphology and host, the fungus was identified as Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis &amp; Everh.) E.S. Salmon (Leotiomycetes, Erysiphales) (1). The specimen on P. calleryana was deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections as BPI 879141. Additional confirmation resulted from a comparison of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region DNA sequence data (GenBank Accession No. GU122230) obtained with the custom designed primer, Podoprimer Forward (5'-3' ACTCGTTCTGCGCGGCTGAC), and the ITS4 primer. The sequence of the fungus on Callery pear was identical to available GenBank sequences of P. leucotricha. P. leucotricha is the etiological agent of a powdery mildew disease that occurs on rosaceous plants, primarily Malus and Pyrus. This fungus occurs nearly worldwide (1), and the pathology of the disease on Callery pear is similar to that of known hosts (1,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. leucotricha on Pyrus calleryana in North America. P. leucotricha has been reported previously only once on Callery pear, Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer', in Hungary (4). Additionally, the powdery mildew fungus was heavily parasitized by Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces. sensu lato, a cosmopolitan coelomycetous mycoparasite of the Erysiphales that is well known on this species (2,3). ITS region DNA sequence data from the Ampelomyces (GenBank Accession No. GU122231) obtained with the ITS1 and ITS4 primers was identical to that of other isolates parasitic on P. leucotricha (2). References: (1) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany, 1995. (2) C. Liang et al. Fungal Divers. 24:225, 2007. (3) B. C. Sutton. The Coelomycetes. Fungi Imperfecti with Pycnidia, Acervuli and Stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, 1980. (4) L. Vajna and L. Kiss. Plant Dis. 92:176, 2008.},
}
@article {pmid41776323,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, I and Sou, HD and Kim, JS and Cho, HJ and Jeong, J and Oh, JH and Park, CR},
title = {Drought and fragmentation shape successional trajectories of isolated urban forests in South Korea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-42621-w},
pmid = {41776323},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {#FE0100202403//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; #FE0100202403//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; #FE0100202403//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; #FE0100202403//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; #FE0100202403//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; #FE0100202403//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; #FE0100202403//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; },
abstract = {Managing urban forest successional trajectories is essential for sustainable and cost-effective ecological restoration. However, successional pathways in South Korea's urban forests are frequently disrupted by environmental and anthropogenic pressures, threatening their long-term sustainability. This study examined successional pathways and their environmental determinants in isolated urban forest patches across seven metropolitan cities. Structural equation modeling was used to assess relationships among environmental variables, canopy structure, and successional pathways, and key drivers were identified using Random Forest analysis. Overall, 83.2% of plots exhibited progressive succession, transitioning from early-successional invasive alien or introduced species toward mid- to late-successional native communities. In contrast, 16.8% of plots underwent retrogressive succession, characterized by shifts from Quercus-dominated stands toward stress-tolerant, urban-adapted species associated with earlier successional or degraded conditions. Drought severity and forest patch size emerged as the primary determinants of successional pathways. These findings demonstrate how climatic stress and spatial constraints linked to fragmentation shape UF dynamics at a regional scale and provide insights for targeted restoration strategies that promote progressive succession and enhance the long-term sustainability of urban forests.},
}
@article {pmid41769408,
year = {2026},
author = {Seeburrun, G and Baider, C and Bissessur, P and Florens, FBV},
title = {A scoping literature review on the impacts of non-native species on the native terrestrial biodiversity of an oceanic island.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e20839},
pmid = {41769408},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Islands ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Animals ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many non-native species have been introduced to oceanic islands, with a subset becoming invasive, which pose the greatest threat to native terrestrial biodiversity. Yet, existing information on their impacts, particularly at the island scale, has rarely been synthesised. Addressing this gap is essential for revealing neglected aspects and for prioritising conservation management to optimise the use of scarce resources. Here, we use one volcanic oceanic island as a model to characterise the knowledge landscape about the impacts of non-native species on native biodiversity. Specifically, we (1) inventory the studied mechanisms through which non-native species affect native biodiversity; (2) evaluate the extent to which studies assess impacts at the level of biological organisation and/or biotic interactions; (3) assess the severity of impacts of non-native taxa and (4) highlight research gaps requiring most attention at the island scale.<br><br>METHOD: Mauritius was used for a scoping review based on four databases (Dimensions, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink) to systematically search and identify relevant studies on the impacts of non-native species on native terrestrial biodiversity. We used the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) framework and its extension, EICAT+ to categorise the impact mechanisms and magnitude of impact. We searched for all records from the inception of each database until November 2023. We included 62 publications in the final analysis, selected from a total of 1,760 articles screened following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews.<br><br>RESULTS: We recorded a total of 273 impact records between non-native and native species. Non-native species of plants and mammals were the most common, affecting a wide range of native taxonomic groups. Negative impacts predominated (65.2%), followed by positive impacts (34.1%), with few neutral impacts (0.7%). Competition and predation were the most studied negative impact mechanisms, typically impacting many native species while positive impacts of non-native species were mainly associated with the provision of trophic resources and typically impacted few species. The main impacts of non-native species on native species studied were at the level of biological organisation (N&#xa0;=&#xa0;169), while only 22 of the impact records investigated their effects on biotic interactions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Limited attention has been given to indirect mechanisms and the impacts of non-native species on biotic interactions. Future studies should prioritise these areas, as indirect mechanisms may reveal cumulative and often insidious pathways through which non-native species accelerate biodiversity loss, especially on islands. Investigating their effects on biotic interactions is critical for detecting cascading impacts to inform more effective and comprehensive conservation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41764142,
year = {2026},
author = {Brayley, ODM and McCready, K and Liu, S and Convey, P and Chen, Y and Ullah, S and Teets, N and Hayward, SAL},
title = {The Microbiome of an Invasive Antarctic insect, Eretmoptera Murphyi (Diptera: Chironomidae), and its Potential Role in Nutrient Cycling.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {89},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41764142},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {NE/S007350/1//NERC CENTA2/ ; NE/T009446/1//NSFGEO-NERC/ ; OPP-1850988//National Science Foundation/ ; 700545//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project/ ; RF-2024-396/2//Leverhulme Research Fellowship/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Eretmoptera murphyi Schaeffer 1914 is a flightless chironomid midge endemic to South Georgia in the sub-Antarctic. In the 1960s it was accidentally introduced to Signy Island (in the more extreme maritime Antarctic), where it is now considered an invasive species. Detritivorous E. murphyi larvae can increase soil nitrogen levels by up to five times compared with similar uncolonized substrates, although the mechanisms involved remain unknown. This study conducted the first larval microbiome characterisation of E. murphyi, with the aim of identifying groups of microorganisms that may contribute to the elevated nutrient availability associated with this species. We also compare the E. murphyi microbiome with information available for other Antarctic invertebrates. Dominant archaea and bacteria included Crenarchaeota, Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Planctomycetota, many of which have known roles in nutrient cycling. The microbiome of E. murphyi appears more diverse than that of other Antarctic invertebrates studied to date and includes phyla (Chloroflexi and Mycococcota) not previously reported from Signy Island soils or other Antarctic terrestrial invertebrate species. Further research is needed to establish which of these taxa represent true endosymbionts and to confirm their functional roles. The impact of non-native species microbiomes on nutrient cycling has important implications for polar terrestrial ecosystems, as significant changes in nutrient availability could impact native microarthropod and plant communities, as well as open new pathways for future non-native species establishment.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00248-026-02706-5.},
}
@article {pmid39903212,
year = {2025},
author = {Skypala, IJ},
title = {The impact of climate change in pollen food allergy syndrome.},
journal = {Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {129-133},
doi = {10.1097/ACI.0000000000001064},
pmid = {39903212},
issn = {1473-6322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Climate Change ; *Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/immunology ; *Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology/immunology ; *Pollen/immunology/adverse effects ; *Allergens/immunology ; Prevalence ; Child ; Syndrome ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Oral Allergy Syndrome ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To evaluate the effect of climate change on pollen allergenicity, lengthening of the pollen season, and the spread of invasive species such as ragweed. To assess evidence to determine whether these effects are impacting the prevalence of pollen food syndrome (PFS).<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: There is good evidence to demonstrate that markers of climate change, including rising temperatures and to some extent greenhouse gases, are responsible for a rise in the allergenicity of pollen and an increase in the duration of the pollen season, especially for trees. These changes are likely to be linked to the increase in the prevalence of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), especially in children. Sensitization to pollen, especially tree pollen, is also a risk factor for the development of PFS. Thought to mainly affect adults, recent evidence suggests that there is a rise in the prevalence of PFS in children, linked to an increase in SAR.<br><br>SUMMARY: Increasing SAR due to climate change could lead to a greater number of children and adults developing PFS. Although PFS is generally considered to be a mild condition, severe reactions can occur and there might be numerous plant food triggers, which can adversely affect dietary choice and nutritional intake.},
}
@article {pmid41790771,
year = {2026},
author = {Alshaqhaa, MA and Souid, I and Alshehri, MD and Alyahya, N and Msaada, K and Guedri, MM},
title = {Invasive Argemone mexicana's suppressive effects on germination and early growth of Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare in South-western Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {e0344281},
pmid = {41790771},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Triticum/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; *Germination/drug effects ; *Hordeum/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; Saudi Arabia ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Seeds/growth &amp; development/chemistry ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Argemone/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The invasion of exotic plant species has emerged as a global problem that impacts the ecosystems, economy, and human health, and is the reason for biodiversity loss. Argemone mexicana L. is one of the plants that was recorded as an invasive plant species in south-western Saudi Arabia. Allelochemical properties have been stated but not empirically evaluated on economically important staple crops. In the present study, the phenotype of the A. mexicana L. plant was described using major and minor phenotypic morphology, and morphological seed. Additionally, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of water extract of A. mexicana L. on radicle and plumule length of Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare. Results showed that the allelopathic potential of leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased the seed germination (until 66.66%), plumule length (93.94%-94.94%), and radicle length (96.68%- 96.96%) respectively for T. aestivum and H. vulgare with a rise in extract concentration. Moreover, it was observed that the A. mexicana seed extract is more allelopathically effective than leaf extract. Hence, it could be concluded that the seed and leaf aqueous extracts contain water-soluble allelochemicals, which could inhibit seed germination of T. aestivum and H. vulgare.},
}
@article {pmid41779299,
year = {2026},
author = {Poloni, S and Lutscher, F and Lewis, MA},
title = {Evolutionary Dynamics at the Leading Edge of Biological Invasions.},
journal = {Bulletin of mathematical biology},
volume = {88},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41779299},
issn = {1522-9602},
support = {RGPIN-2024-05210//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2023-03872//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; Mathematical Concepts ; *Models, Biological ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Population Dynamics ; Animals ; Phenotype ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Fitness ; },
abstract = {Empirical evidence shows that evolution may take place during species' range expansion. Indeed, dispersal ability tends to be selected for at the leading edge of invasions, ultimately increasing a species' spreading speed. However, for organisms across many different taxa, higher dispersal comes at the cost of fitness, producing evolutionary trade-offs at the leading edge. Using reaction-diffusion equations and adaptive dynamics, we provide new insights on how such evolutionary processes take place. We show how evolution may drive phenotypes at the leading edge to maximize the asymptotic spreading speed, and we give conditions under which phenotypic plasticity in dispersal is selected for under different dispersal-reproduction trade-off scenarios. We provide some possible future research directions and other systems where the framework can be applied.},
}
@article {pmid41770734,
year = {2026},
author = {Charron, A and Julien, A and Stinziano, JR and Gagnon, MC},
title = {Investigating key drivers influencing AI-based detection and identification of plants.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {e0342712},
pmid = {41770734},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Plants/classification ; *Introduced Species ; Ontario ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Photography ; },
abstract = {In recent years, AI-driven platforms have transformed citizen science by collecting and generating valuable records of living organisms for monitoring biological data. Many applications utilize visual similarity and geospatial information to identify species based on photographs. This study investigates how location impacts plant identifications made by iNaturalist, particularly in detecting invasive alien plants (IAP) that are not established in an area. We also compare the accuracy of iNaturalist and PlantNet while exploring potential biases. To assess iNaturalist's taxonomic accuracy under varying location parameters, specimens of plants that are native and naturalized in Ontario, termed "established plants" for the purpose of this study, were collected and photographed (n = 61) and photographs of plants from Canada's regulated pest list, which are either not present or have a very limited distribution in Canada, termed "outsider plants" for the purpose of this study were exported from iNaturalist and GBIF (n = 402). We used photographs of the established plants to compare taxonomic accuracy between applications, considering factors such as plant families, distribution status, and visible parts. A scoring system was established, and a cumulative linked mixed model was applied to analyze taxonomic accuracy. Our findings reveal that restricting location significantly hinders iNaturalist's ability to identify IAP, highlighting the potential for missed detections. While sample size limitations prevented a robust comparison between applications, we also found significantly lower identification accuracy for species in the Poaceae family and for photographs featuring only leaves. Ultimately, recognizing the influence of location is essential for effectively monitoring IAP and leveraging iNaturalist as a tool for early detection.},
}
@article {pmid41790308,
year = {2026},
author = {Jeong, D and Singh, K and Byun, C},
title = {Competitive interactions during community assembly: how native species identity, diversity, and functional traits affect invasion.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {208},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41790308},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {2022R1A2C1003504//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; B0080529001944//Ministry of Education/ ; },
abstract = {Competitive interactions during community assembly are critical for suppressing invasive species and restoring native biodiversity. However, the roles of plant community attributes in determining competitive suppression remain unclear. We examined the competitive suppression of the invasive perennial herb Solidago altissima L. through a two-year greenhouse experiment. To assess species identity effects, we established pairwise competitions between S. altissima and 19 native species. Diversity effects were evaluated by comparing invasion success in eight four-species native mixtures versus monocultures using relative competition indices (RCI) based on height, cover, density, and biomass. Species identity and functional groups were critical determinants of competitive outcomes. 14 native species significantly suppressed S. altissima growth, with annual herbs (RCI = 0.608-0.771) and perennial herbs (RCI = 0.471-0.666) providing the strongest suppression, while woody perennials were the least effective (RCI = 0.197-0.250). Species diversity showed marginally positive but non-significant effects. Competitive suppression of S. altissima was marginally stronger in mixtures than in monocultures by the second year (mixture RCI = 0.764, monoculture RCI = 0.531, P = 0.084). Functional traits showed inconsistent relationships with competitive outcomes, and trait similarity did not predict invasion suppression. Our results indicate that competitive suppression is primarily driven by species and functional group identities rather than by diversity or trait similarities. Restoration efforts should prioritize fast-growing, canopy-covering non-woody native annuals and perennials-particularly forbs with high specific leaf area, large seed mass, and early canopy dominance-to maximize competitive suppression during community assembly.},
}
@article {pmid41788914,
year = {2026},
author = {Vercellino, RB and Hernández, F and Tillería, S and Simian, D and Fanna, I and Presotto, A},
title = {Phenotypic selection in weedy radish and its bidirectional crop-weed hybrids across two contrasting environments.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {plag010},
pmid = {41788914},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {Hybridization is a key mechanism in the adaptive evolution of weeds and invasive species. The evolutionary success of hybrids may be shaped by selection on functional traits, interacting with maternal genotype and ecological context. We performed experimental hybridization and common garden field experiments to assess phenotypic variation on functional traits, and the strength and direction of linear and quadratic selection acting on them, in bidirectional crop-weed hybrids and their parents of Raphanus sativus, across two contrasting environments: agrestal (agricultural) and ruderal (human-disturbed uncultivated area), over two years. Bidirectional hybrids exhibited overall greater values for size-related traits than their parents, with similar flowering time and no significant effects of cross direction. Selection acted on multiple functional traits through both linear and quadratic components, with broadly similar patterns across environments and cross types, although selection tended to be slightly stronger in hybrids than in weeds. Intraspecific crop-weed hybridization, regardless of cross direction, can increase weediness in weedy radish by enhancing plant size, thereby increasing competitive ability and potential interference with crops. Our findings highlight how hybridization and selection shape plant evolution, influencing the potential introgression of crop alleles into wild or weedy gene pools. Understanding the hybridization process and the mechanisms that control it is crucial for managing the evolutionary outcomes of crop-weed hybridization.},
}
@article {pmid41783353,
year = {2026},
author = {Melvin, GP and Bowman, J},
title = {Marsh Interspersion and Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Habitat Use.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e73155},
pmid = {41783353},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) populations have been declining in North America for decades. The precise cause of these widespread declines has not yet been identified. Over a similar timeframe, wetlands across large regions of North America have been experiencing an invasion of hybrid cattail Typha x glauca. This invasion is associated with many negative consequences for wetlands, including a reduction in biodiversity, open water habitat, and interspersion of water and vegetation. Muskrats are strongly tied to wetlands, especially where there is a high degree of interspersion of water and emergent vegetation. Therefore, a widespread reduction in interspersion caused by T. x glauca invasions may be contributing to widespread muskrat population declines. We sought to better understand the impact of marsh interspersion on fine-scale muskrat habitat use in light of widespread invasions of T. x glauca. We measured intensity of habitat use by muskrats in a large, Typha-dominated marsh in south-central Ontario using camera traps, stratifying camera placement along a gradient of interspersion. We found no correlation between interspersion and intensity of use. The ubiquity of T. x glauca and low overall interspersion at our study site may have prevented a robust test of our hypothesis. Further research is needed to determine precisely how interspersion affects muskrat habitat use at a fine scale, and how potential changes in habitat quality and use may be contributing to widespread muskrat population declines.},
}
@article {pmid41782262,
year = {2026},
author = {Kuderová, A and Húska, D and de Carvalho, JF and Matyášek, R and Leitch, IJ and Salmon, A and Leitch, AR and Ainouche, M and Kovařík, A},
title = {Nucleolar dominance arises in Spartina homoploid hybrids and persists after allopolyploidization.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {125},
number = {5},
pages = {e70770},
pmid = {41782262},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {25-16796S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; //Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ ; //Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Polyploidy ; Hybridization, Genetic ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; *Poaceae/genetics ; *Cell Nucleolus/genetics ; France ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; },
abstract = {Allopolyploid Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard (2n = 120-124) has become recognized as a model system of recent allopolyploid speciation. It arose by interspecific hybridization between S. alterniflora (2n = 62) introduced from North America and the native European S. maritima (2n = 60) about 150 years ago. In addition, sterile first-generation homoploid hybrids S. × townsendii and S. × neyrautii (both 2n = 62) are still extant. In this study, we carried out a population-level study of epigenetic silencing of 35S rDNA loci, also known as nucleolar dominance. Using molecular, genomic, and cytogenetic methods, we analyzed 75 individuals of S. anglica (collected from 11 French populations and 5 UK populations), 34 individuals of S. × townsendii (3 populations, all from the UK), and 2 individuals of S. × neyrautii from the south of France. We observed strong transcriptional dominance of S. alterniflora-inherited rDNA in all hybrid and allopolyploid individuals. The dominant rDNA units were nearly devoid of methylation at CWG sites, in contrast to those of the silenced S. maritima-inherited rDNA (M-loci), which exhibited hypermethylation. At the DNA level, few (2%) S. anglica individuals have completely lost M-loci, indicating that rDNA diploidization proceeds extremely fast in Spartina, and such a process may be influenced by preceding epigenetic processes. We conclude that nucleolar dominance is already present in extant homoploid hybrid lineages and is largely maintained in S. anglica, with occasional partial relaxation.},
}
@article {pmid41777209,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, XY and Cui, M and Jin, Y and Liu, GZ and Song, CC and Zhang, YL},
title = {[Identification and evaluation of cold source risk organisms in close areas of a coastal nuclear power plant].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {551-562},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202602.031},
pmid = {41777209},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {Animals ; *Nuclear Power Plants ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Phytoplankton/growth &amp; development ; *Aquatic Organisms/growth &amp; development/classification ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Risk Assessment ; Zooplankton/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Cold Temperature ; Oceans and Seas ; },
abstract = {Species invasion in marine has increased the frequency of security incidents at coastal nuclear power plants, posing serious threats to the cooling water intake. To systematically identify the risk organisms in nuclear power cooling water sources and clarify their distribution pattern, we established a risk identification and assessment framework for marine organisms in cooling water intake areas. Based on field investigation conducted in the summer of 2024 in the adjacent waters of a nuclear power plant in northern China, we categorized marine organisms into five types: phytoplankton, zooplankton, swimming animals, benthic animals, and selected intertidal organisms. Trophic level, habitat layer, body size, body length, and density were used as evaluation criteria. These indices were combined with type-specific traits (e.g., migratory behavior and reproduction mode) to develop a scoring system, with each indicator being assigned a maximum score of 10 points. Scores were determined based on the potential risk of each biological trait to clogging the water intake, and a spatial weight based on the distance from sampling points to the intake was incorporated to calculate the total risk score for each species. We classified risk levels into low, medium, and high according to thresholds set at 30% and 80% of the total possible score. Results showed that a total of 40 phytoplankton, 28 zooplankton, 27 swimming animals, 62 benthic animals, and 43 intertidal species were recorded. Through multi-indicator integration and spatial weighting analysis-balancing field data authenticity and theoretical traits of species, Loligo sp., Charybdis japonica, and Konosirus punctatus were identified as high-risk species. Moreover, there was a higher density of high-risk organisms in the northern area near the water intake. By integrating functional traits and measured data into a comprehensive evaluation framework, this study could provide a scientific basis for risk organism identification, early warning, and the development of prevention and control strategies for cooling water systems near nuclear power plants.},
}
@article {pmid41776974,
year = {2026},
author = {Bode, ER and Mason, AJ and Bolton, PE and Petren, K and Gangloff, EJ and Gibbs, HL},
title = {Surviving the Squeeze: Genomic Analysis of a Successful Invasion by European Common Wall Lizards (Podarcis muralis) in North America (Ohio, USA).},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {e70288},
pmid = {41776974},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {2217826//National Science Foundation BRC-BIO Award No/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; *Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; *Genetics, Population ; Ohio ; Genomics ; Population Density ; Europe ; },
abstract = {Invasive species that undergo a founder event may experience a decline in genetic diversity yet still establish successful populations. A possible example is a population of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, which was founded following an introduction in the 1950s of a small number of individuals from Europe. We used whole genome sequences of individuals from source and introduced populations to assess the origin, demographic history, population structure, and possible signatures of adaptation in this successful lizard introduction. We first confirmed that the introduced lizards in Ohio are Podarcis muralis using phylogenetic analysis. Patterns of genetic diversity indicate introduced lizards in Cincinnati went through a short-term bottleneck with increased inbreeding but then rapidly increased in population size, thus minimising losses in genetic diversity. Comparisons of genomic variation between source and introduced populations demonstrate that populations in Cincinnati represent a subset of source genetic variation and show minimal losses of overall genetic diversity. Comparisons of mutation load between source and introduced populations reveal only small increases in load in introduced populations. Finally, tests for selection on the basis of outlier analyses detect targets for potential positive selection in multiple regions of the genome of introduced individuals, suggesting possible adaptation to a novel environment. Overall, we suggest that rapid population growth and possible adaptation have allowed the founding population of introduced lizards to evade the potential negative genetic impacts of small population size and successfully colonise a novel environment.},
}
@article {pmid41775849,
year = {2026},
author = {Plewnia, A and Hildwein, T and Quezada Riera, AB and Terán-Valdez, A and Crawford, AJ and Heine, C and Franco-Mena, D and Székely, D and Armijos-Ojeda, D and Siavichay, FR and Arpi, JD and Salazar, J and Erens, J and Páez-Vacas, MI and Székely, P and Böning, P and Stassen, R and Carvajal-Endara, S and Lötters, S and Guayasamin, JM},
title = {Environmental DNA metabarcoding facilitates integrative conservation assessments and species rediscoveries in tropical biodiversity hotspots.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41775849},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an emerging and versatile tool in biodiversity research. With recent advances in field sampling techniques, this approach becomes increasingly suited for application in tropical ecosystems where biodiversity monitoring gaps remain significant and species detection is particularly challenging. Using amphibians as a model, we harness eDNA metabarcoding in 52 localities in the Tropical Andean biodiversity hotspot to rapidly trace elusive, threatened, or presumed extinct species as a baseline for conservation action. Metabarcoding ‘bycatch’ of non-target species further revealed specific environmental threats through the detection of invasive species and pathogens, thus facilitating integrative conservation assessments despite the incompleteness of reference data and the vast species richness hampering biodiversity assessments in complex tropical communities. Consequently, we call for more intense employment of eDNA metabarcoding in conservation to rapidly bridge critical knowledge gaps on elusive species or declining populations in tropical biodiversity hotspots.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-41937-x.},
}
@article {pmid41775798,
year = {2026},
author = {Nearman, A and Lamas, ZS and Niño, EL and Fine, J and Mayack, C and Seshadri, A and Boncristiani, D and Huang, WF and Evans, JD and Chen, YP},
title = {Metagenomic and gene expression patterns in declining commercial honey bee colonies.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-42605-w},
pmid = {41775798},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {FSA25IRA0012292//Farm Service Agency/ ; 8130-0960//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41772970,
year = {2026},
author = {Javal, M and Lehmann, P and Bierman, A and Koštál, V and Moos, M and Smit, C and Vogel, H and Conlong, DE and Terblanche, JS},
title = {Integrative omics approaches reveal mechanisms of combined heat stress and extreme hypoxia tolerance in a Cerambycid beetle larva.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.251552},
pmid = {41772970},
issn = {1477-9145},
abstract = {Atmospheric oxygen, which is essential for energy metabolism, can directly influence an animal's heat tolerance by affecting oxygen transport processes, especially in those living in oxygen-poor environments such as plant tissues, underground or aquatic environments. Yet, oxygen availability and heat tolerance are rarely studied together, limiting our ability to predict their combined effects on insect performance. This study examines the larval tolerance of a large xylophagous cerambycid beetle Cacosceles newmannii to combined hypoxic and thermal stress using performance assays (duration of righting response) coupled with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Metabolomic profiling showed that most metabolites were downregulated in the body but upregulated in the haemolymph as stress increased. Transcriptomic profiles clustered primarily by temperature (25 °C vs 35 °C), independent of oxygen level. Cacosceles newmannii appeared capable of modulating its performance to reduce the energy costs and physiological damage induced by hypoxia. This suggested a high baseline hypoxia tolerance rather than a rapid plastic (induced) physiological hypoxia response, probably due to the species' endophytic lifestyle. Conversely, thermal stress led to a predictable increase in metabolic activity but did not markedly affect performance, triggering adjustments to maintain cellular functions while limiting the impact of stresses expected under conditions of high temperature, such as desiccation. In short, our study highlights the distinct metabolic pathways mobilised to cope with hypoxic versus thermal stress, emphasizing the importance of integrated approaches in understanding insect responses to environmental challenges. These findings have significant implications for understanding the species' ecology, with applications for pest management and sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41772881,
year = {2026},
author = {Cadotte, MW and Inderjit, and Turner, SC and Midgley, GF},
title = {Does Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Facilitate Plant Invasions?.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {3},
pages = {e70757},
pmid = {41772881},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {386151//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; *Atmosphere/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; *Plants/metabolism ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Elevated CO2 alters resource allocation, which should benefit species that produce metabolically expensive specialized metabolites (in orange). Increasing biochemical production will have consequences for plant competition, plant-soil feedbacks, and ecosystem processes, and can create fitness advantages for these species over species that do not produce these chemicals (in black).},
}
@article {pmid41768605,
year = {2026},
author = {Appalasamy, M and Parker-Allie, F and Harebottle, DM},
title = {Predicting current and future distributions of bird species in South Africa's arid Northern Cape under climate change scenarios: are biomes being crossed?.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e177882},
pmid = {41768605},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {Climate change involves rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns which lead to the contraction, expansion or shift in the ranges of biodiversity. This study employed MaxEnt to predict current and future distributions of three bird species native to South Africa and one invasive species. Future scenarios were modelled for 2050 and 2070 using three pathways: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 and four bioclimatic variables. The models showed good performance, with AUC values above 0.7, indicating high predictive accuracy. Comparisons between current ranges and future predictions show species, such as P. purpureus and L. torquatus, moving south-westwards and crossing into new biomes in response to changing climatic conditions. Meanwhile, U. angolensis shows drastic range contraction, with A. tristis showing expansion into arid environments. Across all concentration pathways, for both time periods, all species show expansion into southern arid regions of the Northern Cape. The models suggest that bird species are not only moving to different geographic areas, but are also likely to cross biome boundaries, which may have ecological implications. The study highlights how climate change is a significant driver of changes in bird species distributions and their entry into new biomes. These findings underline the importance of adaptive conservation strategies that consider the dynamic nature of species distributions under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41767882,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, HB and Jang, JE and Son, DC and Kang, ES},
title = {The complete chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of an invasive plant Solanum carolinense Linnaeus (Solanaceae) in Korea.},
journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {451-456},
pmid = {41767882},
issn = {2380-2359},
abstract = {Solanum carolinense Linnaeus, belonging to the family Solanaceae, is a perennial herb or subshrub. S. carolinense has become naturalized in Korea as an invasive species, forming a stable population that has grown naturally with native plants for more than 10 years. However, its chloroplast genome structure and complete sequence have not yet been reported. Therefore, we determined the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. carolinense using genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation. The total length of the chloroplast genome was 155,315 bp with a GC content of 37.6%. It featured a quadripartite structure (a large single-copy region, 86,160 bp; a small single-copy region, 18,459 bp; and two inverted repeat regions, 25,348 bp each). It contains 129 genes, including 84 coding sequences (CDSs), 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and one pseudogene. Phylogenetic analysis of 78 CDSs revealed that S. carolinense is closely related to S. aridum Morong and S. hieronymi Kuntze. These results provide a molecular foundation for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of the genus Solanum and present a fundamental chloroplast genomic resource for future invasion biology research.},
}
@article {pmid41759318,
year = {2026},
author = {Ahn, JM and Lee, H and Kim, K},
title = {Comprehensive study on the performance optimization of hyperspectral unmixing algorithms: A focus on airborne hyperspectral data.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {296},
number = {},
pages = {125560},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2026.125560},
pmid = {41759318},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Hyperspectral imaging technology captures fine-grained spectral information from the Earth's surface, offering transformative potential in fields such as environmental monitoring, agriculture, and defense. Hyperspectral unmixing (HU), which decomposes each pixel into pure spectral signatures (endmembers) and quantifies their fractional abundances, enables the detection of target materials by estimating the contribution of each endmember. This study applies hyperspectral unmixing techniques to map and classify invasive alien plant species (Ambrosia trifida, Humulus japonicus, and Sicyos angulatus) in the Geumgang Gomanaru region of South Korea. Endmembers were constructed and used for abundance estimation at the pixel level, overcoming the mixed-pixel problem inherent in hyperspectral data. The experimental pipeline consists of: (1) loading and preprocessing airborne hyperspectral data and endmembers (e.g., Savitzky-Golay filtering), (2) training diverse 1D spectral networks including CNN, CBAM, MLPMixer-1D, SpectralFormer, ViT-1D, and Swin-1D, (3) systematic hyperparameter optimization using Optuna with the proposed spectral loss function (a weighted combination of SAD, SID, and MSE), (4) ablation studies to quantify the individual contributions of attention mechanisms and mixing strategies across CNN, Mixer, and Transformer architectures, (5) model comparison through conventional and spectral metrics (SAD, SAM, SID, RMSE, PSNR) combined with a custom weighted evaluation, and (6) interpretability analysis using SHAP and model assessment. By combining airborne hyperspectral imagery with advanced 1D deep learning architectures-CNN, CBAM, MLPMixer-1D, SpectralFormer, ViT-1D, and Swin-1D-this study captures critical spectral variations across the visible, NIR, and SWIR regions reflecting vegetation physiology and structure. MLPMixer-1D achieved the highest performance through effective inter-band channel mixing. Endmember-specific analysis showed water and grassland were most accurately mapped, whereas invasive species exhibited moderate accuracy due to spectral overlap. SHAP analysis identified UV-A, red-edge, and SWIR bands as most informative for invasive species discrimination, highlighting the ecological and physiological relevance of the spectral features. Overall, integrating hyperspectral sensing with tailored deep learning models offers a powerful framework for resolving mixed pixels and supporting large-scale ecological monitoring of invasive plant species. Our data and code are available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/111g4Sbt7NcmYBcUVK_cbiPSt3h1meLHs/view?usp=drive_link.},
}
@article {pmid41754295,
year = {2026},
author = {Nualart, N and Martínez-Fuentes, J and López-Guillén, E and López-Pujol, J},
title = {Plant Invasions in Mountain Areas: Global and Mediterranean Perspectives.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41754295},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {EFA322/19//European Cross-Border Territorial Cooperation Program "Interreg V-A" SPAIN-FRANCE-ANDORRA/ ; EFA064/01//European Cross-Border Territorial Cooperation Program "Interreg V-A" SPAIN-FRANCE-ANDORRA/ ; 2021-SGR00315//Generalitat de Catalunya/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are among the most pervasive threats to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human well-being. Despite international policy efforts, the number of introductions continues to rise worldwide. Mountains, once considered resistant to biological invasions due to harsh climates and isolation, are becoming increasingly vulnerable. Human activities-tourism, infrastructure development, and land-use change-combined with climate warming, are creating new pathways and suitable conditions for non-native plants to spread upslope. Global evidence shows a rapid increase in alien species richness in mountain ecosystems, with some taxa shifting elevation by hundreds of meters. The problem of biological invasions becomes critical when considering that mountains harbor nearly a quarter of the planet's total biodiversity. This issue is even more concerning in biodiversity hotspots such as the Mediterranean Basin, where mountains present an exceptionally high rate of endemism and have served as glacial refugia. The Pyrenees exemplify this dynamic: historically shaped by millennia of human activity, they now face growing pressures from tourism and climate change. Recent cataloging efforts reveal 771 alien taxa, surpassing figures for larger ranges like the Alps. These findings challenge long-held assumptions about mountain resilience and underscore the urgent need for coordinated monitoring, early detection, and management strategies-including citizen science initiatives-to mitigate ecological impacts and protect mountain biodiversity under accelerating global change.},
}
@article {pmid41752601,
year = {2026},
author = {Nugnes, F and Carbone, C and Miele, F and Pica, F and Pierro, S and Sasso, R and Bodini, M and Bernardo, U},
title = {Contrasting Invasion Strategies, Convergent Outcomes: Establishment of Zaprionus tuberculatus and Ceroplastes ceriferus in Italy.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41752601},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {no number assigned//Regione Campania/ ; },
abstract = {Global warming and international trade are accelerating biological invasions, making the Mediterranean basin a hotspot for alien arthropods. Two invasive species, the drosophilid Zaprionus tuberculatus and the wax scale Ceroplastes ceriferus, were recently detected in central-southern Italy. Surveys conducted between 2023 and 2024 detected Z. tuberculatus across several sites in Campania and Lazio, and C. ceriferus in Campania. Zaprionus tuberculatus was reared from ten host plants, including three new records, and reached its highest abundance on persimmon. Laboratory assays showed that Z. tuberculatus adults reproduced only on intact fig fruits and blueberry, indicating a limited risk for most crops. Ceroplastes ceriferus was found on four hosts, confirming its polyphagy and establishment in southern Italy. Molecular analyses revealed two COI haplotypes in the Italian populations of both species, while three haplotypes were detected globally in Z. tuberculatus and seven in C. ceriferus. Sequence divergences were moderate, indicating limited but appreciable mitochondrial differentiation among geographic populations. In Z. tuberculatus, the COII haplotype detected in Italy did not match available African sequences, underscoring gaps in reference data and complicating the reconstruction of invasion routes. Despite contrasting ecological traits and dispersal strategies, both species achieved successful establishment in Italy, showing that ecological plasticity and human-mediated transport can offset reduced genetic diversity. These records expand the known European range of both species and highlight the need for coordinated surveillance, genetic monitoring, and preventive measures to limit further introductions in the Mediterranean region.},
}
@article {pmid41752599,
year = {2026},
author = {Wieczorek, K and Chłond, D and Ball, K and Zawisza-Raszka, A and Bauters, K and Baert, D and Elliot, M},
title = {Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Living Collections of Selected European Botanic Gardens: Diversity, Biosecurity Challenges, and Sentinel Insights.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41752599},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {BE-TAF and GB-TAF-8462//SYNTHESYS/ ; },
abstract = {Botanic gardens host diverse living plant collections and are increasingly recognized as sentinel sites for documenting insect biodiversity and detecting biological invasions. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are well suited to such monitoring due to their close host associations, rapid population growth, and importance as horticultural pests and virus vectors. Here, we document the aphid fauna recorded in five European botanic gardens-Zabrze (Poland), Meise (Belgium), and the Royal Botanic Gardens in Edinburgh, Benmore, and Logan (UK)-based on surveys conducted in 2022 and 2023. Sampling approaches included short-duration expert bioblitz-style surveys and extended seasonal monitoring. In total, more than one hundred aphid species were recorded across all sites. Observed species lists differed among gardens and survey periods, reflecting variation in sampling timing, intensity, and host plant composition. Several alien aphid species to Europe of Oriental and Nearctic origin were detected, including multiple new national records. Alien taxa were found both in outdoor living collections and in controlled environments such as glasshouses, nurseries, restricted areas, and plant shops, which may function as entry points as well as locations for early intervention. These findings illustrate the value of botanic gardens for documenting aphid diversity and supporting early detection of non-native species relevant to plant health and biosecurity.},
}
@article {pmid41752597,
year = {2026},
author = {McTavish, MJ and Jones, IM and Timm, C and Smith, SM and Bourchier, RS},
title = {Cold Storage Extends Larval Release Windows of Archanara neurica and Lenisa geminipuncta (Noctuidae), Biological Control Agents for Phragmites australis australis.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41752597},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {J-001762, J-002201//Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/ ; 0//Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry/ ; 0//Duck Unlimited Canada/ ; 0//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; 500232//Invasive Species Centre Canada/ ; },
abstract = {Two biological control agents, Archanara neurica (Hübner) and Lenisa geminipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), are being released in Canada for the control of invasive common reed, Phragmites australis australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud (hereafter Phragmites). The release of larvae implanted in cut Phragmites stems is the most reliable way to establish agents at new sites, but the number of larvae that can be used for releases is limited by the short period of time over which egg hatch occurs. We conducted a cold storage experiment to assess whether the timing of egg hatch can be manipulated without affecting hatch success. Additionally, we conducted visual assessments of developing eggs to determine whether hatch timing can be predicted based on early signs of development. Eggs hatched indoors had lower hatch rates than eggs hatched in outdoor conditions. For A. neurica and L. geminipuncta, eggs could be held in cold storage for 11 and 8 weeks, respectively, without affecting hatch rates. Eggs of both species began hatching 4-7 days after the appearance of visible signs of larval development. Manipulating the timing of hatch in A. neurica and L. geminipuncta will increase the number of larval releases that can be conducted during the spring and allow the timing of releases to be optimized.},
}
@article {pmid41752593,
year = {2026},
author = {Abe, J and Matsuo, K and Tsuchida, K},
title = {Microsatellite Data Indicate an Extreme Founder Event with a Single Female Lineage in the Parasitoid Wasp Monodontomerus obscurus.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41752593},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {21K06353//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21KK0267//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
abstract = {How many founders are required for insects and other organisms to establish new populations is a fundamental question in invasion biology. We investigated the population establishment process of a parasitoid wasp, Monodontomerus sp., which was first recorded in Japan in 2000. Field surveys conducted in this study showed that the parasitism rate has been increasing in recent years. Morphological and molecular analyses suggested that the parasitoid species is M. obscurus, or a closely related lineage derived from it, which newly invaded Japan. To examine genetic variation during the early stage of invasion, we developed microsatellite DNA markers and conducted population genetic analyses. The results revealed extremely low genetic diversity: most loci were monomorphic, polymorphism was restricted to loci with long repeat motifs, and the allele frequencies of these loci were dominated by single alleles. A minimum spanning network based on microsatellite genotypes exhibited a star-like pattern. These results based on genome-wide microsatellite data indicate that the present population was founded by very few individuals, most likely a single female or an effectively single genetic lineage, and novel genotypes arose through post-invasion mutations. Our study provides rare empirical evidence for single-female founding under natural conditions, and highlights how species-specific life-history and genetic systems can enable successful invasion despite extreme bottlenecks.},
}
@article {pmid41752586,
year = {2026},
author = {Liang, C and Song, J and Xu, K and Wan, F and Smagghe, G and Yang, W},
title = {Functional Characterization of Akt, a Serine/Threonine Kinase, in Tuta absoluta: A Key Regulator of Molting, Hormones, and Reproduction with Potential for RNAi Pest Control.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41752586},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {QKHJC-ZK-2022-003//Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; GCC-2023-008//Program of High-level Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ-2023-024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; },
abstract = {Insect insulin signaling plays a central role in regulating development, metamorphosis, and reproduction, yet its mechanistic functions in the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, a globally significant pest, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the serine/threonine kinase Akt (TaAkt) in coordinating metamorphosis and female reproductive processes. The TaAkt gene was cloned and characterized, and its spatiotemporal expression was analyzed across various developmental stages and tissues. RNA interference (RNAi) was employed to knock down TaAkt in late pupae and newly emerged females, followed by assessment of pupal-adult eclosion, chitin metabolism, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) titer, ovarian development, juvenile hormone (JH) levels, vitellogenin synthesis, and fecundity. Knockdown of TaAkt significantly reduced 20E titers and downregulated the expression of ecdysone biosynthesis and signaling genes, leading to pupal mortality, defective molting, and reduced chitin content. In adult females, TaAkt silencing impaired ovarian growth, decreased JH levels, suppressed vitellogenin production, and reduced egg number and hatching rates. These findings demonstrate that TaAkt exerts pleiotropic control over both metamorphic and reproductive processes in T. absoluta. The study identifies TaAkt as a promising molecular target for RNAi-based pest management strategies, offering a potential approach to simultaneously suppress survival and reproductive capacity in this economically important pest.},
}
@article {pmid41752557,
year = {2026},
author = {Duan, M and Ning, J and Wang, G and Xu, Z and Li, S and Zhang, Z and Zhang, L and Zhao, L},
title = {Human Activities and Climate Change Accelerate the Spread Risk of Hyphantria cunea in China.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41752557},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2025YFC2609102, 2024YFC2607703//the National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China/ ; 32230066, 32400399, U24A201683//the Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; GZC20232652//Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF/ ; 202401-10//Best candidates project supported by National Forestry and Grassland Administration/ ; 2023IOZ0103, 2023IOZ0203, 2023IOZ0204//Initiative Scientific Research Program, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; No.2022-2260//the China Scholarship Council Innovative Talent Program/ ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic activities and climate change have accelerated biological invasions, leading to profound ecological, economic, social, and health impacts. The invasive species fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) has been reported to have outbreaks in areas with climate anomalies and human settlements in recent years, highlighting the necessity to explore the species' suitable habitat and associated future changes. We built an ensemble species distribution model using Random Forest, MaxEnt, and Support Vector Machine, achieving excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.996). Our results identify human settlement density as the dominant driving factor, with a contribution > 50%, far exceeding climatic and forest structure variables. Therefore, densely urbanized regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Liaodong Peninsula, and the North China Plain comprise the current highly suitable areas. Future climate projections suggest a continued expansion of the suitable habitat for H. cunea, with the most pronounced growth expected under the high-emission pathway (SSP5-8.5), where human activity is greatest. Such a correlation indicates that highly urbanized regions should be given priority for corresponding monitoring and control measures. As climate warming continues, northeastern China will face escalating invasion risks. Conversely, some regions within the Yangtze River Delta may become less suitable for the habitation of H. cunea. These findings provide insightful guidance for region-specific surveillance, quarantine measures, and the precision management of H. cunea in China.},
}
@article {pmid41752552,
year = {2026},
author = {Guo, M and Osman, N and Yu, S and Liu, J and Wang, Y and Deng, J},
title = {Pheromone-Mediated Social Organization and Pest Management of the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta: A Review.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41752552},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2023C02025//Pioneer and Leading Goose R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang/ ; 2024kx0004//Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Student Research Training Program/ ; },
abstract = {Pheromone-mediated chemical communication plays a central role in shaping the social organization and ecological success of S. invicta, a globally invasive eusocial insect characterized by a highly developed semiochemical signaling system. This review summarizes recent advances in the chemical ecology of S. invicta, with emphasis on the putative ecological roles of major pheromone classes, current understanding of the molecular and neurobiological basis of pheromone perception and signal processing, and the associations between chemical cues and colony-level social behavior dynamics. Furthermore, we evaluate progress in pheromone-based management approaches, including pheromone-enhanced baits and trail disruption techniques, highlighting both their potential to improve the specificity and efficacy of fire ant management and the current practical limitations for large-scale field applications. Finally, current significant knowledge gaps and challenges are discussed, particularly the partial characterization of pheromone identity, the ambiguous and biological significance of chemical cues, and challenges in applying laboratory research in pest management under field conditions. By linking chemical ecology, neurobiology, and invasion biology to pest management, this review outlines priority directions for future research and provides a theoretical foundation for developing more sustainable, targeted pest control approaches for fire ant management.},
}
@article {pmid41748490,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, M and Wang, M and Yuan, L and Chu, W and Liu, H and Li, Y},
title = {Intraguild predation alters life histories in Neoseiulus barkeri and Scolothrips takahashii: asymmetric effects on development and reproduction.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70678},
pmid = {41748490},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Key R&amp;D Program of China (2023YFD1400600)/ ; //National Natural Science Foundation of China&#xb7;(32072483)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraguild predation (IGP) regulates predator populations through direct predation and risk effects, shaping the life-history traits of intraguild prey. This study examines the impacts of IGP on life-history traits of two biocontrol agents, Neoseiulus barkeri and Scolothrips takahashii, reared on their shared prey Tetranychus urticae, using age-stage, two-sex life-table analysis and computer simulations.<br><br>RESULTS: Life-table analysis revealed that IGP significantly reduced pre-adult survival of both predators. Neoseiulus barkeri developed faster, but exhibited reduced fecundity under IGP, which resulted in declines in its net reproductive rate (R0, from 30.76 to 10.51 offspring per individual), intrinsic rate of increase (r, from 0.2555 to 0.1872 day[-1]), and finite rate of increase (&#x3bb;, from 1.2911 to 1.2059 day[-1]). Conversely, S.&#x2009;takahashii maintained stable development and fecundity, showing no significant differences in R0, r, &#x3bb; and mean generation time (T) between IGP and control groups. The net predation rate (C0) of N.&#x2009;barkeri decreased from 381.00 to 172.97 prey per individual, and that of S.&#x2009;takahashii from 416.58 to 25.31, under IGP. Computer simulations indicated that IGP led to smaller populations and reduced predation potential for N.&#x2009;barkeri, whereas S.&#x2009;takahashii showed an increase in both.<br><br>CONCLUSION: IGP differentially alters the population parameters and predation capacity of these two species. Neoseiulus barkeri experiences a decline in population growth, whereas S.&#x2009;takahashii benefits from IGP. These findings highlight species-specific adaptive strategies in response to IGP, providing insights for designing compatible multipredator application programs in biological control. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41745973,
year = {2026},
author = {Tammone Santos, A and Rivero, MA and Condorí, WE and Soto, TB and Moran, MC and Caselli, AE and Tisnés, A and Uhart, MM and Gutiérrez, SE and Estein, SM},
title = {Hepatitis E Virus Exposure Across Multiple Host Species in a Shared Ecosystem in Argentina.},
journal = {Veterinary sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41745973},
issn = {2306-7381},
support = {#03/H278-C//Secretar&#xed;a de Ciencia, Arte y Tecnolog&#xed;a (UNCPBA)/ ; PICT 2018-00599//National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCYT)/ ; },
abstract = {The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging multi-host pathogen, with suids being the main reservoir. Humans are primarily infected through the consumption of contaminated water or food. In Argentina, HEV circulation has been confirmed in humans, domestic pigs, wild boar (Sus scrofa), and surface water. In El Palmar National Park, invasive wild boar and axis deer (Axis axis) are controlled, and their meat is released for public consumption, with trimmings and offal frequently fed to dogs. Between 2017 and 2019, we conducted a multi-species serological survey in this protected area to assess HEV exposure in invasive mammals and in dog and human consumers of game meat. We also evaluated associations between seropositivity and environmental variables, as well as behavioral risk factors among game-meat consumers. Total anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 29/75 (38.67%) wild boar, 1/134 (0.75%) deer, 1/18 (5.6%) dogs, and 6/59 (10.17%) humans. A spatial cluster of seropositive wild boar was identified in a low-lying, flood-prone area near the confluence of the El Palmar stream and the Uruguay river, suggesting increased risk of environmental transmission. This is the first report of HEV exposure in wild boar from this park and in axis deer and dogs in Argentina. Participation in culling and game meat handling and consumption may contribute to HEV exposure pathways among humans. These findings improve understanding of HEV epidemiology at the wildlife-domestic animal-human interface and highlight the influence of environmental factors and human behavior on zoonotic virus circulation.},
}
@article {pmid41745811,
year = {2026},
author = {Caldaroni, B and La Porta, G and Dörr, AJM and Gentile, R and Futia, S and Ludovisi, A and Pallottini, M and Selvaggi, R and Bruschi, F and Elia, AC},
title = {Environmental Stress Shaping Oxidative Responses in the Invasive Crayfish Procambarus clarkii from Lake Trasimeno.},
journal = {Toxics},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41745811},
issn = {2305-6304},
support = {ID#8283 COD. SIME 2018.0425//Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia, Italy/ ; },
abstract = {Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) exhibits physiological plasticity that enables adaptation to variable freshwater conditions, such as those in Lake Trasimeno. This study examined whether fluctuations in hydrometric level and associated physicochemical parameters affect oxidative stress responses in the hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle of male and female individuals. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and metallothionein reveal tissue, sex, and season-specific differences that indicate adaptive physiological adjustments. Temporal trends were evaluated, and multivariate analyses summarised environmental and metal gradients. Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) were used to explore relationships between oxidative responses and these gradients, with sex as a categorical factor. Associations were identified with hydrometric level, temperature, conductivity, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, and metals of biological relevance. These results highlight the remarkable physiological plasticity of P. clarkii, which underpins its success as an invasive species in fluctuating freshwater ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41745726,
year = {2026},
author = {Xie, J and He, W and Qiu, M and Lin, J and Shu, H and Wang, J and Liu, L},
title = {Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Cry Toxins in Lepidopteran Pests: Insights into Multilayered Regulatory Mechanisms and Next-Generation Management Strategies.},
journal = {Toxins},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41745726},
issn = {2072-6651},
support = {32102289//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2025AFB458//Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province/ ; T2024039//Hubei Provincial Higher Education Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project/ ; },
abstract = {Bt Cry toxins remain the cornerstone of transgenic crop protection against Lepidopteran pests, yet field-evolved resistance, particularly in invasive species such as Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera, can threaten their long-term efficacy. This review presents a comprehensive and unified mechanistic framework that synthesizes current understanding of Bt Cry toxin modes of action and the complex, multilayered regulatory mechanisms of field-evolved resistance. Beyond the classical pore-formation model, emerging evidence highlights signal transduction cascades, immune evasion via suppression of Toll/IMD pathways, and tripartite toxin-host-microbiota interactions that can dynamically modulate protoxin activation and receptor accessibility. Resistance arises from target-site alterations (e.g., ABCC2/ABCC3, Cadherin mutations), altered midgut protease profiles, enhanced immune regeneration, and microbiota-mediated detoxification, orchestrated by transcription factor networks (GATA, FoxA, FTZ-F1), constitutive MAPK hyperactivation (especially MAP4K4-driven cascades), along with preliminary emerging findings on non-coding RNA involvement. Countermeasures now integrate synergistic Cry/Vip pyramiding, CRISPR/Cas9-validated receptor knockouts revealing functional redundancy, Domain III chimerization (e.g., Cry1A.105), phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE), and the emerging application of AlphaFold3 for structure-guided rational redesign of resistance-breaking variants. Future sustainability hinges on system-level integration of single-cell transcriptomics, midgut-specific CRISPR screens, microbiome engineering, and AI-accelerated protein design to preempt resistance trajectories and secure Bt biotechnology within integrated resistance and pest management frameworks.},
}
@article {pmid41745280,
year = {2026},
author = {Bernier, L and de Oliveira, TC and Majeau, JA and Plourde, KV and Jacobi, V and Tanguay, P and de la Bastide, PY and Hintz, WE and Porth, IM and Dufour, J and Hessenauer, P and Roden, CA and Laflamme, C and Varlet, L},
title = {An Ammonium Transporter Gene Contributes to the Aggressiveness of the Dutch Elm Disease Pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41745280},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {RGPIN-2018-06607//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2025-06771//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; 10106//Genome Canada/Genome British Columbia/G&#xe9;nome Qu&#xe9;bec/ ; },
abstract = {Molecular mechanisms determining pathogenicity of the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi are poorly understood. Prior identification of the pathogenicity locus pat1 prompted a chromosome walking approach to elucidate gene function in this region. Among 17 identified genes, ONUg0282 (amtA) was predicted to encode a high-affinity ammonium transporter. In silico analyses confirmed the presence of four additional amt genes (amtB, amtC, amtD, and amtE) in both O. novo-ulmi and the less aggressive O. ulmi and that amtA and amtB belong to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mep2 clade. The predicted amtA gene product showed features of Mep2-type transceptors, including amino acid residues corresponding to His-168 and His-318 in Escherichia coli AmtB protein, 11 transmembrane helices, and a conserved 22 amino acid motif immediately downstream of the last transmembrane helix. A knockdown amtA mutant with 25% residual expression was significantly less aggressive than wild-type O. novo-ulmi strain H327 when infecting Ulmus americana × U. parvifolia saplings. Predicted AmtA transporters from two CRISPR-Cas9 knockout mutants contained only five intact transmembrane helices. The ΔamtA mutants retained several wild-type phenotypic traits, including yeast-mycelium dimorphism, but were significantly less aggressive than H327 towards U. americana saplings. We concluded that ONUg0282 is an important determinant of aggressiveness in O. novo-ulmi.},
}
@article {pmid41744662,
year = {2026},
author = {Touhami, F and Bazairi, H},
title = {Population Structure and Growth Dynamics of the Invasive Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus in the Loukkos Estuary (Morocco).},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41744662},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {This study provides the first insights into the biology of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus in the Loukkos Estuary, based on 461 individuals collected between December 2022 and November 2023. Results indicate a well-structured invasive population. Carapace width ranged from 52 to 201 mm (mean ± SD: 121.7 ± 25.4 mm) and total weight from 12 to 512 g (128.2 ± 76.6 g). Morphometric analyses revealed pronounced sexual dimorphism, with males larger and heavier than females. Size structure shifted seasonally, with smaller crabs dominating spring-summer samples and larger crabs in winter. Biometric relationships were significant and indicated negative allometric growth in both sexes. The sex ratio was strongly male-biased (M/F = 2.72). Condition factor varied with season and sex, peaking in summer and reaching minima in autumn. Female maturity exhibited marked seasonality: immature females prevailed from spring to autumn, whereas mature females occurred mainly in winter. Logistic modeling estimated size at 50% maturity (L50) at 126.7 mm carapace width in females. Results suggest that Loukkos Estuary functions primarily as a nursery and growth area for C. sapidus and provide essential baseline information for future monitoring and management of this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41744638,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, X and Tian, C and Jia, X and Zhao, Y and Xing, Y},
title = {The Impact of Significant Geographical Barriers on the Invasion Risk of Non-Native Aquatic Animals: A Case Study of the Qinling Mountains, China.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41744638},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {NSFC 32373133//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; Yellow River Fisheries Resources and Environmental Survey//Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/ ; NSFC32270464//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; Sino BON - Inland Water Fish Diversity Observation Network//Sino BON - Inland Water Fish Diversity Observation Network/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasion is a major driver of biodiversity loss and ecosystem disruption, with non-native aquatic species threatening ecological integrity and economic stability. The Qinling Mountains, located in central China, serve as a crucial barrier between temperate and subtropical climate zones, and separate the Yellow and Yangtze River basins. This study investigates the role of these geographical barriers in regulating the distribution and invasion risk of non-native aquatic species. We identified 27 non-native species in Shaanxi Province based on occurrence records compiled from field survey conducted between 2012 and 2024 (and from 2019 to 2024 in the Yellow River mainstream of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge), including 13 high-risk species, such as Trachemys scripta elegans, Procambarus clarkii, Sander lucioperca, and Hypomesus olidus. Using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit and species distribution models, we identified the Hanjiang River in the Yangtze basin and Weihe River estuary in the Yellow River basin as high-risk areas for these species. Mean annual temperature was the primary environmental factor influencing species distribution, with species adapted to cooler conditions predominantly found north of the Qinling Mountains, while those preferring warmer climates are more common in the south. Our findings highlight the Qinling Mountains as both a physical and climatic barrier, limiting cross-basin dispersal and creating distinct invasion patterns. However, human activities such as inter-basin water-transfer projects, damming, and aquaculture practices have gradually weakened the barrier's effectiveness, facilitating the spread of invasive species. We recommend prioritizing monitoring efforts in cross-basin water-transfer regions, focusing on high-risk species adapted to both cooler and warmer climates, and incorporating environmental DNA (eDNA)-based monitoring in recipient areas of inter-basin water-transfer projects for early detection and control to minimize ecosystem damage.},
}
@article {pmid41744027,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, SH and Rafter, M and Gooden, B and Schmidt-Lebuhn, AN},
title = {A Practical Guide for Harnessing Phylogenomics in Biocontrol: Accounting for Topological Uncertainty and Phylogenetic Distance in the Centrifugal Phylogenetic Method and Beyond.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {e70203},
pmid = {41744027},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {In the genomic era, phylogenomics is playing an increasingly important role in biological control research for prioritising species in host specificity testing, species delimitation, and elucidating the origins of introduced species. This paper outlines key concepts in phylogenomics relevant to biocontrol practitioners and provides practical guidance on the construction and interpretation of phylogenetic trees. We examine the patterns and distributions of degrees of separation and phylogenetic distance (also known as patristic distance) across different types of phylogenetic trees, including cladograms, phylograms, and chronograms, and offer recommendations for their application. Further, we consider the impact of topological uncertainty on these distance measures and the inferences they inform for decision-making in biological control. These concepts are illustrated through two case study datasets representing distinct evolutionary contexts. The first explores a recently published phylogeny of Asteraceae tribe Senecioneae derived from traditionally used nuclear and chloroplast Sanger molecular markers, using common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) as the hypothetical target weed. The second case study dataset focuses on the biocontrol of stinking passionflower (Passiflora foetida) in Australia, presenting a novel target capture (Angiosperms353) phylogeny for this group. Equipping biocontrol practitioners with a deeper understanding of phylogenomics will facilitate more efficient and data-driven decision-making in biological control.},
}
@article {pmid41743574,
year = {2026},
author = {Zheng, F and Zhang, W and Li, Q and Wang, Z and Xu, G and Clements, DR and Yao, B and Jin, G and Yang, S and Shen, S and Zhang, F and Day, MD},
title = {Predicting the Potential Distribution of the Invasive Plant Alternanthera pungens Kunth Under Climate Change Scenarios in China.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73124},
pmid = {41743574},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Alternanthera pungens Kunth is considered to be less invasive compared to its exotic congener A. philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. However, in recent 10 years, it has spread rapidly in Yunnan Province, China. To better understand the species' invasion and distribution, we simulated the potential distribution of A. pungens in China using a MaxEnt model under the current climate scenario and several future climate scenarios, with varying emissions and time frames. The model achieved excellent prediction performance, with A. pungens having an area under the curve value and true skill statistics value of 0.979 and 0.910, respectively. Temperature seasonality and mean temperature of coldest quarter were the greatest predictive environmental variables, with a cumulative contribution of more than 85.3% and a cumulative permutation importance of more than 89.8%. The suitable geographic region of A. pungens is concentrated in southern China. Under the current climate scenarios, projected areas ranked as highly and moderately suitable for A. pungens accounted for 0.31% and 1.03% of the Chinese mainland area, respectively. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable areas for A. pungens in China will expand northwards, with a maximum projected growth rate of 41.4% in the 2070s. This study was the first to show that A. pungens is predicted to expand its range in China in the future. Early warning and monitoring of A. pungens should be pursued, with greater vigilance in southern China to prevent its further spread and invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41740994,
year = {2026},
author = {Deconninck, G and Raynaud-Berton, B and Boulembert, M and Chabrerie, O and Couty, A and Dedeine, F and Eslin, P and Foray, V and Georges, R and Gibert, P and Mouton, L and Pincebourde, S and Renault, D and Suppo, C and Colinet, H},
title = {A roadmap to key traits of invasive Drosophilidae.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/brv.70148},
pmid = {41740994},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {ANR-20-CE02-0011//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //France AgriMer/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions have intensified in recent decades, mostly driven by international trade and travel, raising significant concerns, particularly regarding insect pests. Once non-native species establish, they can disrupt natural ecosystem stability, undermine agroecosystem sustainability and cause substantial economic losses. The urgency to anticipate these socio-economic impacts has accelerated research into the traits and processes that predispose certain species to invasion success. Our review examines the factors contributing to invasion success, using the well-documented case of Drosophilidae as a model taxon given the extensive literature on this family. The invasion of Drosophila suzukii is the most well studied, yet it represents just one example among several Drosophilidae successful invasions, including those from the genera Drosophila, Scaptomyza and Zaprionus. Their traits and adaptive capacities have enabled them to overcome environmental barriers, facilitating their global spread and establishment. We first explore the selective forces acting on pioneer individuals and their ability to establish reproducing populations. We then analyse the roles of abiotic factors (through phenotypic plasticity, tolerance to thermal and water stress, synergies between multiple stressors) and biotic factors (through the exploitation of novel trophic niches, resistance to competition and predation, symbiont-mediated assistance) in shaping invasion success. A nuanced understanding of how these constraints interact is essential for predicting and managing the proliferation of invasive Drosophilidae and other non-native species. We propose that successful invasive species do not necessarily excel in one single trait but rather perform adequately across multiple traits and processes. In this review, we found support in the literature for 14 key traits and processes of Drosophilidae biology that facilitate a species' ability to become invasive and provide future perspectives to address critical knowledge gaps, paving the way towards a comprehensive understanding of invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid41737578,
year = {2026},
author = {Lundgren, E and Svenning, JC and Schlaepfer, MA and Wallach, A and Andersson, A and Marris, E and Rohwer, Y and Ramp, D},
title = {Many pasts, many futures: Navigating the complexities of species reshuffling to help prevent extinctions.},
journal = {Cambridge prisms. Extinction},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {e2},
pmid = {41737578},
issn = {2755-0958},
abstract = {Preventing human-caused extinctions is a foundational aim of conservation. However, in addition to causing extinctions, humans have moved numerous species to new areas. A considerable percentage of these are threatened in their native ranges. Broadening our conservation ethos to include introduced species is contentious and requires critical thinking in empirical and normative dimensions to negotiate between conflicting conservation goals. Here, we present a series of questions to inspire critical thinking in the negotiation of these conflicts. Empirically, we suggest that conservationists should consider whether the effects of introduced species are due to their non-nativeness per se or are simply a consequence of the organism having a metabolism and taking up space. Importantly, this requires proper scientific comparison to the effects of similar native organisms - otherwise many claims of 'harm' are unfalsifiable and could be used to justify the eradication of any organism. We further propose questions to help conservationists sort facts from normative values, which often wear empirical clothes. Through empirical rigor, value transparency and critical justification of these values, we believe that twenty- first century conservation can become a future-facing and pluralistic discipline with a heightened ability to prevent extinctions in an increasingly unpredictable and novel biosphere.},
}
@article {pmid41736983,
year = {2026},
author = {Seidensticker, MT and Bullington, LS and Morales, SE and Ramsey, PW},
title = {A Regional DNA Barcode Library for Northern Rocky Mountain Arthropods to Support Biodiversity and Molecular Ecological Research.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73150},
pmid = {41736983},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Arthropod DNA barcode reference libraries have advanced ecological research but remain incomplete in many areas, including the western United States. To improve coverage in the Northern Rocky Mountains, we developed the MPG Ranch Arthropod Library (MPG-AL), a cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA barcode reference library for local arthropods in west-central Montana. From 2017 to 2019, we collected 86,533 specimens from various habitats, generating 52,270 DNA barcodes for arthropod taxa from 38 orders, 389 families, 1668 genera, and 1793 species. A comparison of the MPG-AL taxonomic coverage with a combined dataset of publicly accessible Montana arthropod DNA barcodes in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and Montana Natural Heritage Program occurrence records revealed that the MPG-AL added references representing 5154 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) to BOLD. These additions mark a 280% increase for Montana arthropod DNA barcodes, including 1140 new BINs for taxa previously lacking reference barcode sequences in BOLD. The MPG-AL provides a substantial foundation for establishing a comprehensive arthropod DNA barcode database in the Northern Rocky Mountain ecoregion. However, many taxa still lack reference barcode sequences, particularly in large, diverse insect orders. Future barcoding efforts are encouraged to expand regional taxonomic coverage through targeted sampling and collaborations with regional entomological collections. A comprehensive regional arthropod DNA barcode library will enhance our understanding of arthropod population trends and trophic relationships in the western United States amid persistent threats such as climate change, habitat loss, pesticides, and invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41736723,
year = {2026},
author = {Makhathini, N and Burnett, MJ and Hanzen, C and Nkomo, MN and Downs, CT},
title = {Fisher Perceptions and Management Challenges in KwaZulu-Natal's Inland Water Bodies.},
journal = {Aquatic conservation : marine and freshwater ecosystems},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {e70319},
pmid = {41736723},
issn = {1052-7613},
support = {227749/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {Inland fisheries in South Africa are crucial for the livelihoods of local communities, but they face pressures that threaten the sustainability of small-scale and recreational fishers livelihoods, the latter making the dominant economic contribution. However, distinctions between small-scale and recreational fishing rights are unclear. We aimed to address the knowledge gap regarding economically significant fish species, their contribution to fishers, and how they are spatial distributed across the uMngeni and uThukela Catchment Management Areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Additionally, we addressed the fisher perceptions and use of targetted fish species. A questionnaire-based interview was conducted with fishers between 2021 and 2023 across rivers and impoundments. Our findings highlight several key challenges for inland fisheries management. We found that there are difficulties in categorising fishers, particularly in distinguishing small-scale from recreational fishers, an ambiguity reflected in fishers' self-identifications and practices, with 'subsistence' as a self-identifier. This complexity was further highlighted by the ecological and economic significance of key species, with the invasive Cyprinus carpio having the greatest market value and being the most economically important species. Fishers largely viewed these invasive species through an economic lens, perceiving them as valuable resources and adapting their practices to target their harvest. Regarding fishing behaviours, subsistence fishers were a significant group, reporting weekly or monthly fish consumption and exhibiting a clear preference for river fishing over other waterbody types. Finally, gender significantly influenced participation, with males exhibiting higher fishing frequencies. We conclude that the definitions of inland fisheries in South Africa do not align with the realities on the ground, and the fuzzy boundary between defined small-scale, recreational fisheries and undefined subsistence fishers will likely negatively influence policy implementation. In addition, it highlighted the need for integrated management of South African inland fisheries and economics to sustain inland fisheries that support livelihoods and fish conservation.},
}
@article {pmid41734750,
year = {2026},
author = {Popescu, VD},
title = {Biogeography: Invasive predators rewire island food webs.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {36},
number = {4},
pages = {R145-R147},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.12.062},
pmid = {41734750},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {Animals ; *Food Chain ; *Introduced Species ; Islands ; *Predatory Behavior ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {A new study shows that invasive American bullfrogs restructure island food webs by displacing native species from central roles, increasing network connectance and reducing modularity. These changes destabilize ecosystems and decouple food-web architecture from classic island biogeography patterns, revealing hidden invader impacts beyond species loss.},
}
@article {pmid41734661,
year = {2026},
author = {Borota, A and Funar-Timofei, S and Neanu, C and Halip, L and Savulescu, R},
title = {Computational insights into herbicide resistance via acetohydroxyacid synthase in Ambrosia artemisiifolia.},
journal = {Computational biology and chemistry},
volume = {123},
number = {},
pages = {108959},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2026.108959},
pmid = {41734661},
issn = {1476-928X},
abstract = {Herbicide resistance poses a major challenge in modern weed management, especially under the pressure of intensive herbicide use and climate-induced stressors. Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) is a highly invasive species often controlled by herbicides targeting acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), an enzyme essential for branched-chain amino acid synthesis. Genomic analyses have identified the Trp574Leu mutation as the main driver of resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. In this study, we employed a suite of in silico techniques, including homology modeling, molecular docking, dynamics simulations, and pharmacophore modeling, to investigate the structural and functional impact of the Trp574Leu mutation in both wild-type and mutant AHAS variants. Key residues in herbicide binding were characterized using molecular dynamics, revealing that the Trp558Leu mutation alters the binding interface by selectively disrupting key wild-type-specific interactions while promoting alternative contacts in the mutant system. Interactions mediated by Ala637, which substantially contribute to the WT binding mode, are markedly reduced in the mutant, whereas contacts involving Arg361 are significantly stabilized. Pharmacophore models were developed for both enzyme variants, with the wild-type model (A1A3A5N12) showing predictive performance (ROC = 0.89, AUAC = 0.88, EF1 % = 7.65) based on cloransulam-methyl binding. A consensus pharmacophore integrating features from both models was constructed to support the rational design of novel herbicides. These results offer molecular-level insights into AHAS-mediated resistance and tools that may aid the rational design of new herbicides capable of overcoming the Trp574Leu resistance mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid41733344,
year = {2026},
author = {Shrestha, A and Schwarz, JW and Feng, KH and Spencer, MM and Adhikari, A and Amwe, OO and Sacharia, RG and O'Hanlon, B and Denagamage, T and Weyna, AAW and Nemeth, NM and Holmes, EC and Allison, AB},
title = {The origins and potential cross-species transmission of paramyxoviruses and other RNA viruses between native snakes and invasive Burmese pythons in the Florida Everglades.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0183325},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.01833-25},
pmid = {41733344},
issn = {1098-5514},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: During November-December 2020, a disease outbreak involving eastern mudsnakes (Farancia abacura abacura) was documented in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA. Moribund snakes were observed writhing on riverbanks with concomitant frothy oral discharge. Pathological examination revealed necrotizing enteritis and pulmonary edema, and a reptilian ferlavirus phylogenetically related to anaconda paramyxoviruses was isolated. While ferlaviruses are well-described pathogens of snakes in zoological and private collections worldwide, this represented the first outbreak of ferlaviruses recorded in free-ranging snakes. To biologically characterize this virus, we performed in vitro analyses including host range, relative infectivity, and temperature-dependent fitness assays. As one outstanding question in paramyxovirus biology is the functional role of the U protein, which is unique to ferlaviruses, we investigated its spatiotemporal expression in infected cells, demonstrating its localization to viral inclusion bodies. Additionally, we sampled Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus), an invasive constrictor species, in and around the outbreak site in the Everglades for reptilian ferlaviruses, resulting in the discovery of the first terrestrial alphavirus detected in the United States in over 50 years and a novel hepacivirus that putatively contains a third protease which is evolutionarily conserved among lower vertebrate hepaciviruses and may have arisen by duplication of the NS2-3 protease. Although the impact of Burmese pythons on the Everglades ecosystem via the predation of native species has garnered much attention, little is known regarding the diversity of viral pathogens they harbor and the potential risks they may pose to native wildlife and other animal hosts through viral cross-species transmission.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Although the evolution, molecular biology, and pathogenesis of numerous disease-causing animal paramyxoviruses have been examined extensively, studies on reptilian ferlaviruses-which have been responsible for large-scale mortality events in snakes in managed settings for decades-have lagged significantly. Herein, we document the first recognized ferlavirus disease outbreak in free-ranging snakes and provide new insights on the ferlavirus-specific U protein and reptilian host range that make these viruses unique among the paramyxoviruses. In searching for the potential source of ferlaviruses in nature, we discovered other novel RNA viruses in Burmese pythons, an invasive constrictor species introduced into the Everglades. In addition to extending the known diversity of reptilian viruses, these findings provide new fundamental insights into mammalian virus evolution and highlight the potential dangers of the cross-species transmission of such viruses into native snakes and other wildlife.},
}
@article {pmid41733030,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, Y and Hu, J and Du, J and Guo, S and Hou, Y and Li, Z},
title = {Thermal Plasticity is Regulated by a Key MicroRNA During Range Expansion of an Invasive Fruit Fly.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e07662},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202507662},
pmid = {41733030},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {32172394//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; SKLJRP2509//Joint Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity/ ; 2021YF1403200//Shanghai Sailing Program/ ; //The Teaching Team Program of China Agricultural University/ ; //The 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University/ ; },
abstract = {Understanding the mechanisms that enable invasive species to expand into novel thermal environments is key to predict their future distribution range under climate change. Plasticity is a key driver behind range expansion during invasion, yet the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying plasticity during range expansion remains less explored. Here, we performed an integr analysis of phenotypic, transcriptomic, and microRNA (miRNA) changes in a range-expanding invasive insect, Bactrocera dorsalis, under heat and cold acclimation. We found that populations at the invasive front exhibited reduced plasticity in fitness-related traits that were corroborated by genetic assimilation of frontloaded genes. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis uncovered important modules associated with acute cold tolerance of B. dorsalis and indicated thw gene as a critical network component. Furthermore, thw was found to be regulated by a key miRNA, miR-276b, with its function verified by our dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNAi-mediated knockdown experiment. Our findings suggested that miRNA-mediated regulation of plasticity might be key to allow invasive species to expand into novel thermal environments.},
}
@article {pmid41730892,
year = {2026},
author = {Molina-Montenegro, MA and Acuña-Rodríguez, IS and Atala, C and Ballesteros, GI and Carrasco-Urra, F and Castro-Nallar, E and Delgado-Baquerizo, M and Escobedo, VM and Fuentes-Peñailillo, F and García, LY and Guajardo-Leiva, S and Gundel, PE and Hereme, R and Ochoa-Hueso, R and Pertierra, LR and Richardson, DM and Torres-Díaz, C and Ueno, AC and Villalón, A and Zanne, AE and Newsham, KK},
title = {The endomicrobiome and weed invasiveness in Mediterranean ecosystems worldwide.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-68826-1},
pmid = {41730892},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Mediterranean ecosystems, one of the most significant global hotspots of biodiversity, are threatened by invasive weeds. Although endomicrobiomes - the vast array of microbes colonising living plant tissues - are known to affect plant fitness, their contribution to weed invasiveness remains virtually unknown. Here, we experimentally assess the role of the endomicrobiome in the invasiveness of Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion), a widespread weed in Mediterranean ecosystems worldwide. In a culling experiment across five generations, we compare the fitness of T. officinale from these ecosystems on five continents grown with intact or reduced native seed-borne endomicrobiomes. Additionally, we report a competition experiment with F1 and F5 individuals assessing their impacts on native local Asteraceae species. We found that T. officinale individuals harboring intact endomicrobiomes show faster and more favorable trait development compared with individuals with reduced endomicrobiomes. Enhanced competitiveness of endomicrobiome-colonised T. officinale plants with local Asteraceae species is apparently caused by increased synthesis of allelochemicals in shoots and rhizosphere soil, with gene expression analyses also showing the endomicrobiome to affect the expression by T. officinale of stress response and RNA-directed DNA methylation genes. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying weed invasiveness in Mediterranean ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41729363,
year = {2026},
author = {Kola, E and Munyai, C and Mpopetsi, P and Dondofema, F and Munyai, LF and Dalu, T},
title = {Seasonal influence on the efficacy of aquatic macrophytes as potential phytoremediation agents in urban wetlands.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41729363},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {FSEA/21/GGES/02//University of Venda/ ; TTK240409213108//National Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Wetlands ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/metabolism ; Seasons ; Environmental Monitoring ; Cyperus/metabolism ; Typhaceae/metabolism ; Poaceae ; Cities ; },
abstract = {Globally, metal contamination raises serious concerns within aquatic ecosystems. In aquatic systems, metal contamination can be removed by phytoremediation. This study assessed the ability of four macrophyte species (i.e. Phragmites australis, Typha capensis, Cyperus papyrus, and Cyperus dives) for phytoremediation of metals from five different wetlands across three seasons (i.e. cool-dry, hot-wet, hot-dry). In addition, this study used the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) to determine the accumulation and translocation of metals within macrophyte species. The study indicated that different macrophytes accumulated different metals within the roots and leaves of all species during the cool-dry followed by hot-dry and hot-wet seasons. The study further indicated high BCF and TF of > 1 in all macrophytes during the cool-dry and hot-dry seasons. Phragmites australis had low accumulation of metals amongst the species studied. The TF was generally > 1, indicating efficient movement of most metals from roots to leaves, particularly during the hot-dry and cool-dry seasons. Cyperus dives and T. capensis exhibited potential as phytoremediation candidates. Aquatic macrophytes in urban wetlands accumulated and translocated metals, indicating their phytoremediation potential. However, elevated concentrations in these macrophytes can pose both ecological and health risks, as they can enter food-chain and can interfere and disrupt key physiological processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake in these macrophytes. Therefore, regular monitoring of aquatic macrophytes with phytoremediation potential is recommended to enhance wetland health and pollution reduction.},
}
@article {pmid41729341,
year = {2026},
author = {Iqbal, T and Khan, AM and Habib, T and Saqib, Z and Hussain, K and Zhang, M and Bussmann, RW and Siddiqui, MH},
title = {Plant diversity hotspot mapping and identification of vegetation-environment interactions in the western Himalayas.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41729341},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {Ongoing Research Funding program, (ORF-2026-347)//King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia/ ; },
mesh = {Pakistan ; *Biodiversity ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Plants/classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Forests ; Ecosystem ; Himalayas ; },
abstract = {Biodiversity hotspot mapping and documenting vegetation-environment interactions are crucial for effective conservation and management efforts. Spatial patterns of vegetation diversity help in identifying priority areas. The western Himalayan forests of District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, harbour rich plant diversity, but limited knowledge of their influencing factors and unidentified priority areas are the major constraints. To fill this knowledge gap, field sampling was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020, with a total of 60 randomly selected sampling sites (540 plots) along the elevation gradient to collect vegetation and environmental data. Multivariate statistical tools were employed to analyse the data. The results depicted that the study area has 382 plant species which belong to five significantly different (p < 0.05) plant associations, each having unique species composition. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results depicted that elevation, annual precipitation, latitude value, available potassium, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and longitude value (in order) were the most influential drivers (p < 0.05) of the vegetation differences. Anthropogenic disturbances like deforestation and grazing pressure were recorded as important factors as well. Shannon's diversity mapping suggests that the central parts of the study area, including the Rangla, Thub, Mallot, Banni Passari, and Jaglari areas, as well as the Lasdana area in the east, were the most diverse (H' > 3) and are key hotspot candidates for conserving local diversity and improving management in the region. This study recorded some non-native plant species, including Sisyrinchium micranthum and Mazus caducifer, for the first time in Pakistan. These invasive species were found to be successfully naturalising; therefore, continuous monitoring of their competitive abilities compared to native flora is necessary.},
}
@article {pmid41727154,
year = {2026},
author = {Hoza-Frederick, E and Martínez-Campos, S and Barber, PH and Vasquez, MI and Fotopoulos, V and Antoniou, C and Drakou, K and Godoy-Vitorino, F and Chiquillo, KL},
title = {Better together: Microbial diversity might facilitate the invasion success of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea in mixed Mediterranean seagrass communities.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41727154},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Microorganisms are increasingly recognized as key facilitators of invasion success for introduced species into new environments. The globally invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea flourishes in mixed environments with native seagrasses, where it exhibits enhanced growth, while, in contrast, native seagrasses in mixed environments experience reduced growth. Here, we hypothesize that microbes may support the success of invasive seagrass in mixed Mediterranean environments. We analyzed 16S rRNA genes to characterize the microbial diversity on the phyllosphere alongside biochemical, morphological, and sediment nutrient measurements of the Mediterranean-native seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the invasive H. stipulacea from a controlled mesocosm experiment. Overall, C. nodosa in monoculture harbored a microbiome exhibiting higher ASV richness and a distinct community composition than H. stipulacea. Variation in bacterial diversity associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and internode length suggests that microbial communities of the native seagrass might be shaped by its stress. Conversely, H. stipulacea's microbiome was most abundant in mixed environments, with bacteria significantly reduced in monoculture, and bacterial diversity loosely associated with growth, suggesting that microbes are critical to assisting and possibly facilitating H. stipulacea in mixed environments. Overall, our findings suggest that invasive H. stipulacea in the Mediterranean Sea are capable of recruiting beneficial bacteria, creating microbial interactions that support its success, and undermining the resilience of native seagrasses in mixed beds. Future work should center on the mechanisms driving H. stipulacea bacterial communities and investigating whether H. stipulacea actively determines its own microbiome, or whether its microbiome is passively determined by environmental variables.},
}
@article {pmid41726809,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Du, Y and Li, C and Li, Y and Wang, C and Du, D},
title = {Co-invasion of three invasive alien plants increases plant taxonomic diversity and community invasibility.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {48},
number = {1},
pages = {204-211},
pmid = {41726809},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Alien species from the Asteraceae family frequently invade native plant communities. This study aims to determine how the number of Asteraceae species (i.e., Erigeron canadensis, E. annuus, and Solidago canadensis) in a co-invasion affects plant taxonomic diversity and invasibility in plant communities in China. We found that co-invasions by one or two Asteraceae species decreased plant diversity and increased community invasibility. However, co-invasion by three Asteraceae species increased plant diversity and community invasibility. We also found that plant taxonomic diversity was negatively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species. Conversely, community invasibility was positively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species. These findings indicate that the number of Asteraceae invasive species positively correlates with total coverage, diversity, dominance, evenness, and invasibility. Our study shows that co-invasion by three IAS may increase plant taxonomic diversity but also community invasibility, which may further facilitate subsequent invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41726802,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, Y and Song, X and Liu, G and Wang, J and Zhang, C and Chang, X and Zou, J and Zhu, Z},
title = {Unraveling the invasion patterns of Galinsoga quadriradiata in mountain ranges: Insights from human activities, phenotypic and genetic variations.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {48},
number = {1},
pages = {192-203},
pmid = {41726802},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities. Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats, limited attention has focused on invasion patterns along elevational gradients. In this study, we asked which factors drive the global and regional distribution of the invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata along elevational gradients. To answer this question, we examined whether human activities (i.e., roads) promote G. quadriradiata invasion, how seed dispersal-related traits of G. quadriradiata change along elevation gradients, and whether G. quadriradiata has adapted to high-elevation environments through phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation. On the global scale, we found that human activities and road density positively contribute to the G. quadriradiata expansion in mountainous areas. Field surveys in China revealed significant elevational differences in the seed dispersal traits of G. quadriradiata, with higher-elevation populations exhibiting lower dispersal ability and generally lower genetic diversity. Under common conditions, high-elevation populations showed higher leaf mass ratio but lower root mass ratio and reproductive allocation. This suggests that high-elevation environments create a barrier to dispersal for G. quadriradiata, and that G. quadriradiata has adapted phenotypically to these conditions. Our study indicates that the elevational invasion pattern of G. quadriradiata is shaped by multiple factors, particularly human activities and phenotypic adaptability. In addition, our finding that G. quadriradiata invasion at high elevations is not constrained by low genetic diversity indicates that monitoring and management of G. quadriradiata in mountainous areas should be strengthened.},
}
@article {pmid41724453,
year = {2026},
author = {Viviano, A and Ancillotto, L and Dondina, O and Palagi, E and Lelli, N and Mori, E},
title = {Back to the river: Behavioural patterns of Eurasian beavers recolonising central Italy.},
journal = {Behavioural processes},
volume = {237},
number = {},
pages = {105363},
doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105363},
pmid = {41724453},
issn = {1872-8308},
abstract = {Newly introduced species may alter the structure and functioning of colonised ecosystems, particularly when they act as ecosystem engineers. The Eurasian beaver Castor fiber, historically present in central Italy until the Middle Ages, has recently reappeared in the region. Despite growing evidence of its ecological impacts, detailed information on its behavioural repertoire in Mediterranean environments is lacking. Here, the first comprehensive behavioural assessment of Eurasian beavers recolonising central Italy using intensive camera trapping across three river systems is provided. From March 2023 to May 2024, 24 distinct behavioural patterns were recorded and their occurrence and duration were quantified across age classes, sex, and seasons. Behavioural expression was strongly age-dependent: juveniles showed significantly higher levels of play, allogrooming, nose-touching, and exploratory behaviour, while subadults exhibited increased diving and exploration, indicating a transition towards independence. Adults displayed a broader and more functional repertoire, with higher frequencies of swimming, vigilance, scent marking, and material transport on land, reflecting their role in territory maintenance and construction activities. Seasonality also shaped behaviour markedly. Dam-building and digging activities and swimming were significantly more frequent during the cold period, whereas self-grooming sharply increased during warm period, suggesting thermally-driven behavioural plasticity. Model comparisons revealed that social and developmental behaviours were best explained by age, whereas construction and maintenance behaviours were primarily driven by seasonal conditions. Compared with northern European populations, Italian beavers showed lower building frequencies but increased terrestrial and swimming activities, suggesting context-dependent behavioural adjustments shaped by local ecological conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41724065,
year = {2026},
author = {Angeles-Gonzalez, LE and Villalobos-Guerrero, TF and Delgadillo-Nuño, MA and Torrejón-Magallanes, J and Escamilla-Aké, A and Díaz, F and Rosas, C},
title = {Thermal niches and climate change reshape marine invasion risk worldwide.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {107919},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107919},
pmid = {41724065},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Marine biological invasions and climate change are two major drivers of biodiversity loss, yet their interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we used correlative ecological niche models (ENMs) to characterise the thermal niches of 80 globally invasive marine species and project their thermal suitability from 2020 to 2100 under multiple Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios. Our models, based on Minimum Volume Ellipsoids fitted to sea surface and bottom temperatures, revealed substantial differences across species' thermal affinities. Tropical and subtropical invaders are projected to experience widespread declines in thermal suitability, suggesting that warming at low latitudes may approach their physiological thermal limits and redistribute thermally suitable conditions toward higher latitudes (25° to 35° N/S). Temperate species exhibited lower magnitudes of thermal suitability change, consistent with their broader thermal tolerances, although increases in thermal suitability at higher latitudes (50° to 60° N/S) suggest potential emerging invasion risks as polar barriers weaken. Climate change is expected to reshape marine invasion patterns by altering the spatial distribution of thermally suitable conditions, amplifying risks at mid-to-high latitudes while constraining some tropical invaders. While our findings provide a baseline for understanding thermal constraints on marine bioinvasions, caution is warranted: realised niches may underestimate species' full thermal tolerances, and key factors like biotic interactions, functional characteristics, and other environmental variables were not included. Nonetheless, thermal niches emerge as a strong predictor of potential invasion risk, identifying regions with high thermal suitability for invasive species and informing early detection and management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41722027,
year = {2026},
author = {Cowal, S and Mueller, M and Johnson, MA},
title = {Environmental filtering drives patterns of ant species richness and activity across Hawaiian coffee farms.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41722027},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {2040-22430-027-027S//USDA-ARS Area-wide/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology ; Hawaii ; *Biodiversity ; Coffea/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Coffee ; Agriculture ; },
abstract = {Ants perform diverse ecological functions in agricultural systems, yet in Hawai'i, all established ant species are thought to be introduced, creating novel communities shaped by environmental conditions. We examined how coffee-growing district and microclimate structure invasive ant communities in Hawaiian coffee agroecosystems. Ants were surveyed across 15 coffee farms on Hawai'i Island spanning a 600-m elevational gradient and 2 growing districts (Kona and Ka'ū). We quantified ant species richness, activity, and tree-level occupancy and evaluated associations with district, elevation, rainfall, temperature, and humidity. We recorded 22 ant species across 3 subfamilies, with Brachymyrmex obscurior, Ochetellus glaber, Pheidole megacephala, Plagiolepis alluaudi, and Tapinoma melanocephalum being the most common species. Ant species richness, activity, and tree-level occupancy were significantly higher in Kona compared to Ka'ū and declined with increasing annual rainfall. Activity of several common species was positively associated with overall species richness, while no common species showed a strong negative association with richness. These results suggest that environmental filtering, rather than competitive dominance, structures invasive ant communities in Hawaiian coffee systems. Our findings indicate that invasive ants are most active and widespread in warmer, drier coffee farms, where they may exert their strongest ecological effects. These results provide baseline information for understanding the distribution of ants in Hawaiian coffee agroecosystems and establish a foundation for future research evaluating ant-mediated pest suppression, mutualisms, and other ecosystem services and disservices in coffee production.},
}
@article {pmid41721903,
year = {2026},
author = {Westfall, JA and Lister, AJ and Pugh, SA and Lister, TW and Kurtz, CM},
title = {Methods for estimating status and change in presence and foliar cover area of invasive plants using national forest inventory data.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41721903},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Forests ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; United States ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Trees/growth &amp; development ; *Plants ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The influence of invasive plant species (IPS) on forest ecosystems has been of sufficient concern to warrant data acquisition on their presence and abundance. These data are needed at various spatial scales for both land management and policy purposes. One potential source of data are national forest inventories (NFIs) that often record IPS observations on sample plots that span relatively large spatial and temporal extents, thus providing data users with a wide range of analytical opportunities to meet desired information needs. In the NFI of the USA, which is conducted by the USA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, IPS presence and foliar cover area are visually observed and recorded nationally on a spatially balanced subset of inventory plots measured each year. As with any sample-based assessment, the implementation of statistically appropriate methods is imperative for credibility of the final estimates. In this paper, statistical methods for calculating population estimates and associated measures of uncertainty for current status and change in IPS attributes are presented. The estimators address both presence and cover area estimation, as well as estimation of area proportions relative to total area domains. Also included are data and various numeric examples that assist in understanding the estimation steps and provide for verification of accuracy in results. The methods should be applicable to most IPS data collected in other forest inventories with little or no modification.},
}
@article {pmid41721261,
year = {2026},
author = {Kadam, SK and Youn, JS and Kim, JH},
title = {Correction: Refined chloroplast annotations, repeat profiles, and phylogenomic evidence reveal maternal lineage shifts and independent evolution in the Triticum-Aegilops complex.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41721261},
issn = {1471-2229},
}
@article {pmid41719980,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, Y and Ke, J and Zhang, Y and Chen, X and Wang, Y},
title = {Harnessing AMF-plant-microbe systems for heavy metal remediation.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {311},
number = {},
pages = {119885},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.119885},
pmid = {41719980},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Soil heavy metal pollution poses a global environmental threat, demanding effective and sustainable remediation strategies. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a multifaceted role in enhancing the remediation of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soils through extensive hyphal networks that interact with plant roots and soil microbiota. AMF hyphae and their exudates, such as glomalin, directly immobilize metal ions and reduce bioavailability by modifying soil properties (e.g., pH). Furthermore, AMF reshape the rhizosphere microbiome by enriching metal-tolerant bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas, Bacillus) and fostering synergistic microbial communities via cross-kingdom signaling. Within plants, AMF symbiosis-especially with hyperaccumulators-optimizes root architecture, enhances nutrient and water uptake, stimulates biomass production, and regulates key physiological and molecular responses. These include bolstering antioxidant defenses, maintaining photosynthetic efficiency, and upregulating genes involved in metal transport, compartmentalization, and stress signaling. Field studies confirm the potential of AMF-hyperaccumulator systems in metal extraction and stabilization. However, transitioning from controlled experiments to field applications remains challenging due to the complexity of multipartite interactions and a lack of predictive frameworks. This review critically integrates interdisciplinary insights into a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing the need to shift from empirical approaches to an intelligent, predictive design paradigm. We propose leveraging machine learning to decode interactions among AMF genotypes, plant phenotypes, microbial consortia, and soil properties, enabling the rational design of efficient remediation systems. Ultimately, overcoming barriers to field implementation requires integrating robust science with advanced engineering and supportive policy frameworks.},
}
@article {pmid41718883,
year = {2026},
author = {Asa, CS and Moresco, A},
title = {Fertility Control in Wildlife: Review of Current Status, Including Novel and Future Technologies.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {605-645},
pmid = {41718883},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Animals ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; *Fertility/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Endangered Species ; Female ; *Contraception/methods/veterinary ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Wildlife conservation requires varying degrees of management of endangered species as well as management of their potential predators and competitors. Conservation also depends on ameliorating human-wildlife conflict, especially where there is a threat to the safety of people and of their pets and livestock. In addition, sustainability of wildlife populations can be affected by feral domestic animals or invasive species that require removal or control. With the increasing concern for animal welfare, non-lethal methods of limiting population size and distribution, such as fertility control, are gaining favor. Breeding programs in zoos depend on highly effective and selective contraception to manage sustainable insurance populations. This review covers fertility control methods currently in use, those that have not lived up to past promises, and others that are under development and present hope for addressing remaining challenges.},
}
@article {pmid41718877,
year = {2026},
author = {Mayer, I},
title = {Conservation of Teleost Fishes: Current Status and the Role of Reproductive Technologies.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {369-405},
pmid = {41718877},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology/genetics ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Biodiversity ; Endangered Species ; Cryopreservation ; },
abstract = {Fishes are by far the most species-rich group of vertebrates, with 36,105 species currently recognized, approximately the same number of species as that of all non-fish vertebrates combined. Recent decades have witnessed dramatic population declines for many fish species, together with a loss in overall fish biodiversity. Globally, fish biodiversity is being threatened by a multitude of anthropogenic impacts including overfishing, habitat loss, pollution, aquaculture, loss of river connectivity, climate change and the impact of alien species. Nowhere is the world's biodiversity crisis more acute than in freshwater ecosystems. While rivers, lakes and wetlands cover less than 1% of the planet's total surface, they are home to over half the world´s fish species. One-third of freshwater fishes are now threatened with extinction, and 80 species have become extinct in recent years. This review covers the main drivers of declining fish biodiversity and details remedial strategies aimed at conserving both marine and freshwater fish biodiversity. The preservation of genetic resources through the cryobanking of reproductive cells and tissues, collectively known as germplasm, will increasingly become a valuable tool in the conservation of fish biodiversity. It is expected that the ability to establish cryobanks for the full range of fish germplasm, including sperm, oocytes, embryos and germ cells will be of key importance to the conservation of threatened fish species, as well as to fishery management and aquaculture. With the help of a range of emerging reproductive technologies, frozen germplasm will play a key role in future in situ and ex situ conservation initiatives. The rapid advance in next-generation sequencing technologies, together with the proliferation of resources such as fully sequenced fish genomes, is expected to result in a rapid expansion in the application of conservation genomics to the field of fish conservation and be instrumental in formulating future management strategies directed at conserving fish biodiversity, through both in situ and ex situ conservation initiatives.},
}
@article {pmid41717537,
year = {2026},
author = {Salinas, NA and Poveda-Martínez, D and Rodriguero, MS and Smith, MC and Brentassi, ME and Sosa, AJ},
title = {Landscape Genomics and Evolutionary History of Megamelus scutellaris, a Biocontrol Agent of the Invasive Water Hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes).},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {e70208},
pmid = {41717537},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Understanding the evolutionary history of biological control agents in their native ranges is crucial for improving their selection, establishment, and performance across environmentally diverse regions. Phytophagous insects that specialize on aquatic plants offer particularly valuable models, as their evolutionary trajectories may be shaped by a combination of climatic variation, host plant availability, and the fragmented nature of aquatic habitats. Megamelus scutellaris is a monophagous planthopper native to South America that has been introduced into the United States and South Africa as part of biological control programs targeting the highly invasive aquatic plant, Pontederia crassipes. In this work, we combined nuclear SNP and mitochondrial sequence data to investigate the genetic structure, demographic history, and environmental drivers of population divergence in M. scutellaris across its native range in Argentina and Paraguay. We identified three main genetic lineages broadly associated with major river basins and ecoregions. Demographic modeling supported an early divergence, likely linked to Pleistocene climatic shifts and hydrological changes, followed by a more recent split dated to the early Holocene. Contemporary gene flow was asymmetric and varied in magnitude among lineages, reflecting differences in connectivity and environmental conditions. Lastly, landscape genomic analyzes revealed a strong association between genetic differentiation and climatic variation, supporting models of isolation by environment and resistance. These findings highlight the role of evolutionary and ecological processes in shaping the genetic landscape of M. scutellaris and provide key insights for selecting source populations better suited to different environments in introduced regions.},
}
@article {pmid41717316,
year = {2026},
author = {Assemie, A and Mulu, D and Mekuriaw, E and Muluken, W},
title = {Species Occurrence and Seasonal Variation of Malaria Vectors in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia.},
journal = {BioMed research international},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {4553611},
pmid = {41717316},
issn = {2314-6141},
mesh = {Animals ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; *Seasons ; *Anopheles/parasitology/physiology ; *Malaria/transmission/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/parasitology ; Ecosystem ; Larva ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Environmental change can alter the species occurrence and seasonal distribution of malaria vectors to higher altitudes and latitudes. Highlands remain dynamic due to factors that favor their growth and development. Invasive species have proliferated into new ecological niches, increased. These studies aimed to determine the species occurrence and seasonal variation of malaria vectors in the selected study area. Entomological surveys were conducted in different types of larval habitats from October 2023 up to June 2024 within four purposively selected study villages. The species were morphologically identified using a stereomicroscope, and then data was analyzed using R version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16 ucrt) statistical analysis software. A total of 721 malaria vector larvae were collected, representing Anopheles gambiae s.l., An. funestus s.l., An. coustani, and An. pharoensis. An. gambiae s.l. was the dominant species, accounting for 43.82% (n = 316) of all collections, while An. pharoensis was the least abundant (7.9%, n = 57). Spatial variation was observed, with Shemo Boyo recording the highest number of larvae (45.50%, n = 328), whereas Kemecho Borara had the lowest (9.57%, n = 69). Among the habitat types, ditches had the highest mean larval density (2.61 larvae per sample), followed by swamps (1.5) and riverbeds (0.8), whereas water pans had the lowest density (0.14). Overall mean larval density was 1.11 larvae per sample, and larval abundance significantly differed across habitat categories (f (3,647) = 4.005, p = 0.012). These findings indicate that An. gambiae s.l. is the predominant malaria vector in the area and likely plays a primary role in local transmission. Further studies on spatial mapping, physicochemical characterization, habitat preference, and isolation of malaria parasites are recommended to guide targeted larval source management and reduce the burden of mosquito-borne diseases.},
}
@article {pmid41716765,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, M and Xian, X and Jin, Z and Qi, Y and Guo, J and Yang, N and Zhang, G and Xu, J and Liu, W},
title = {Comprehensive assessment of Erwinia amylovora: from establishment risk in global host production areas to dispersal dynamics and associated economic losses in China.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1641129},
pmid = {41716765},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Erwinia amylovora is the bacterial pathogen that causes fire blight and is considered one of the most important plant pathogenic bacteria in the world, posing a serious threat to pear and apple production. However, majority of the current risk assessment studies have focused primarily on the potential geographic distribution of E. amylovora, with less focus on its dispersal patterns, dispersal risk areas, and economic impacts. Here, species distribution models, the minimum cost arborescence approach, the MigClim package, and Monte Carlo stochastic simulations were integrated to comprehensively assess the global establishment risk, the local dispersal patterns, the dispersal risk areas, and the economic losses for E. amylovora. The results showed that E. amylovora is primarily distributed in North America, southern South America, Europe, northern and southern Africa, western and eastern Asia, and southern Oceania under near-current climatic conditions. In addition, the overlapping area between the distribution area of E. amylovora and the host production area is 1,897.62 × 10[4] km[2], mainly located in central North America, southern South America, Europe, northern Africa, eastern and western Asia, and southern Oceania. Its global distribution and the overlapping areas are expected to expand further under future climatic conditions. Erwinia amylovora shows a primarily "leap-frog" long-distance spread in China, and the dispersal risk area is mainly in northwestern China. The economic losses caused by E. amylovora to the host industry amounted to 5,603.66 million dollars without any control measures; however, 2,390.13 million dollars can be saved after control measures. Such comprehensive risk assessments provide global guidance for the monitoring and control of E. amylovora in host production areas while also helping to formulate management priority strategies in local dispersal risk areas, thereby reducing economic impacts.},
}
@article {pmid41716589,
year = {2026},
author = {Bloch, M and Suarez, E and Miller, MA and Balaguera-Reina, SA and Fussell Persaud, CA and Olejniczak, KA and Helmick, EE and Mazzotti, FJ and Bahder, BW},
title = {Development of a Duplex Digital PCR and Validation on eDNA Water Samples for Monitoring of the Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus/Javanensis) and Bullseye Snakehead (Channa aurolineata/Marulius) in Florida, USA, Freshwater Ecosystems.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73088},
pmid = {41716589},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species are a significant threat to a variety of ecosystems in Florida, with freshwater habitats being of particular concern. Two nonnative species of fish with established populations that are priority organisms for monitoring and management programs are the bullseye snakehead (BS; Channa species complex) and Asian swamp eel (ASE; Monopterus species complex). Recent technological advances have seen the emergence of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis as a useful tool for the detection and monitoring of target organisms and to assess removal efforts. In this study, a duplex digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) was developed, optimized, and validated on control samples and field samples from locations with documented occurrences of target organisms. The assay developed, which allows simultaneous detection of both fish species when present in a sample, demonstrated highly efficient amplification for the corresponding target species with individual assays failing to cross-amplify. Under controlled conditions, high levels of eDNA were detected as early as five minutes post-introduction of BS to water. Additionally, field eDNA samples yielded varying levels of positive amplification for both species based on comparison of fluorescence levels to positive controls (both tissue extract and plasmids with appropriate inserts). These data indicate that through careful assay design and stringent parameter optimization, eDNA results obtained for monitoring of these two fish species can be a viable and cost-effective strategy to detect the presence of these species simultaneously as well as to evaluate the success of removal efforts.},
}
@article {pmid41716579,
year = {2026},
author = {Talarico, L and Petrosino, G and Rossi, AR and Franchini, P and Tancioni, L},
title = {Controlled Experiments Reveal Moderate, Nonlinear Relationships Between eDNA Concentration and Fish Biomass in Three Freshwater Species of Monitoring Relevance.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73129},
pmid = {41716579},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Understanding the relationship between environmental DNA (eDNA) concentration and taxa abundance is essential for the advancement of quantitative biodiversity monitoring. We experimentally manipulated biomass of three freshwater fish species of monitoring interest-the Italian-endemic Squalius lucumonis and the exotic-invasive Pseudorasbora parva and Lepomis gibbosus-under controlled conditions (flow-through 310 and 1330 L tanks). Following eDNA collection (2 L water filtration) and Real-Time PCR quantification, Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) revealed: (i) monotonic non-linear relationships of moderate-to-high magnitude (0.42 < partial-R [2] < 0.62), with eDNA concentrations plateauing at intermediate biomasses in smaller-sized taxa; and (ii) a significant effect of experimental replicates (tanks) in two out of three species. These findings suggest that eDNA-based biomass quantification should not assume linearity, and emphasize the critical role of replication to account for inherent uncertainty, likely driven by inter- and intra-individual variations in eDNA shedding rates.},
}
@article {pmid41715976,
year = {2026},
author = {Alcantara, SG and Juanico, CST and Ordynets, A and Fernandez, MC and Yambot, AV},
title = {DNA barcoding for identification of ichthyofauna in Pantabangan Dam, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.},
journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1080/24701394.2026.2631395},
pmid = {41715976},
issn = {2470-1408},
abstract = {The present study established the first molecular-based inventory of nine freshwater fish species from Pantabangan Dam, a genetically unexplored fishery resource in Nueva Ecija, Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Forty mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences were generated representing nine species, eight families and six orders of fishes, providing potential application in biodiversity assesment and management. In all cases, sequence analysis yielded low intraspecific divergence and a high interspecific genetic distance was observed in the Nearest Neighbor Distance analysis. Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees recovered a monophyletic species-level clades supported by high bootstrap values. Out of the nine species identified, three were native species in the Philippines (Leiopotherapon plumbeus, Glossogobius aureus and Clarias batrachus). Two species (Micropterus floridanus and Coptodon zillii) have been recorded for the first time in the dam, indicating the need to review how monitoring protocols can be enhanced by combining morphological assessment and molecular identification. The generated sequences can be used as a baseline data for the conservation of endemic species and formulation of management decisions on the invasive fishes. Overall, our study confirmed the efficiency of DNA barcoding in species delineation and offered a new framework for fish management in the dam.},
}
@article {pmid41714518,
year = {2026},
author = {Lira, AO and Santos, AA and da Silva, HNB and Grossi, PC},
title = {First Records of Two Invasive Weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Dryophthorinae) in Brazil with Quarantine Potential.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {13},
pmid = {41714518},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {BFP-0103-2.04/24//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Ci&#xea;ncia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco/ ; 312917/2022-8 PQ2//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; *Weevils/classification ; Quarantine ; *Introduced Species ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {We report the first records in Brazil of Diocalandra frumenti (Fabricius) and Polytus mellerborgii (Boheman), weevil species of potential phytosanitary concern. These detections were made through surveys in the Entomological Collection of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (CERPE) and targeted field inspections in northeast Brazil. These findings expand the known distribution of these weevils in Brazil and underscore the need for enhanced phytosanitary surveillance due to their potential impact on crop production in other countries and the implications for quarantine regulations.},
}
@article {pmid41713044,
year = {2026},
author = {Gripshover, ND and Hoffman, EG and Alexandrescu, G and Bazzani, A and Bonilla, JM and Guerra, J and Diaz, MI and Kolinsky, L and Mere, K and Perez, A and Perez, S and Rodicio, I and Santos, A and Clifton, IT and Cox, CL},
title = {Ecological overlap and divergence in natural and urbanized habitats in two species of sympatric anoles.},
journal = {Journal of thermal biology},
volume = {136},
number = {},
pages = {104425},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104425},
pmid = {41713044},
issn = {0306-4565},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; *Lizards/physiology ; Urbanization ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; Sympatry ; Species Specificity ; Sex Characteristics ; },
abstract = {The habitat of organisms can have a significant impact on an animal's fitness, and the ability of animals to choose suitable habitats may change with human induced global change. Urbanization in particular has had drastic effects on natural habitats including changes to the physical environment and introduction of nonnative species. Ectotherms are particularly affected by environmental changes which can impact their ability to regulate their body temperature. In this study, we compared habitat preference and the effects of habitat structure in urban and natural environments on thermal preference and thermoregulation in two species of introduced ectotherms, the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, and the bark anole, Anolis distichus. We found evidence of species- and sex-specific differences in habitat use and thermal biology related to environment (i.e. natural vs urban). The urban environment had a higher temperature and fewer available perches than the natural environment. Brown anoles were better at maintaining their preferred body temperature than bark anoles. Bark anoles occupied higher perches than brown anoles, and brown anoles exhibited a greater magnitude of sexual dimorphism in their size, habitat use, and thermal biology. The lower temperature and increased habitat space in natural environments suggests these environments are at risk of invasion by nonnative species as global warming continues, and the superior ability of brown anoles to persist and maintain their body temperatures between habitats may be a reason for their success as an invasive species across the globe.},
}
@article {pmid41712716,
year = {2026},
author = {Moutinho, S},
title = {Invasive mussel is rapidly spreading in Amazonian rivers.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {391},
number = {6787},
pages = {750},
doi = {10.1126/science.aeg5594},
pmid = {41712716},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Rivers ; *Introduced Species ; Brazil ; Ecosystem ; *Bivalvia ; South America ; },
abstract = {After devastating ecosystems and livelihoods across South America, the golden mussel fulfills a dire prediction.},
}
@article {pmid41711885,
year = {2026},
author = {Habila, S and Wahyuni, DK},
title = {DNA barcoding confirms the identity of the invasive Sonchus arvensis in Java, Indonesia.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {e296844},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.296844},
pmid = {41711885},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; Indonesia ; *Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; *Sonchus/genetics/classification ; *DNA, Plant/genetics ; },
abstract = {Sonchus arvensissubsp.arvensisis a perennial plant that serves both as a traditional medicinal herb and a prolific invasive weed. Its recent introduction to Southeast Asia, including Java, Indonesia, poses a potential threat to native biodiversity, yet its genetic provenance and invasion history in the region are uncharacterized. To provide a reliable species-level identification, we employed DNA barcoding of the chloroplast genesrbcLandmatK. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that samples from the four geographically distinct areas were genetically uniform based on these markers and were placed within a clade containing EurasianS. arvensisaccessions. The invader was distinct from the native AustralasianSonchusspecies. This work represents the first molecular confirmation ofS. arvensisin Java using DNA barcodes. While it establishes species identity, further genomic studies are required to resolve the population history, introduction pathway, and ecological impact of this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41711011,
year = {2026},
author = {Doherty, JF and Rossouw, B and Foster, LJ and Matthews, BJ},
title = {Shell-shocked: parasite-induced behaviour and development in an invasive dead-end snail host.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.251496},
pmid = {41711011},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {PDF-578318-2023//National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2020-05423//National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; SCH-2021-1860//Michael Smith Health Research BC/ ; },
abstract = {Parasites with complex life cycles produce large numbers of free-living infectious stages to overcome the low odds of successful transmission between hosts. These stages often infect non-competent or "dead-end" hosts, which cannot support parasite development or transmission. While typically viewed as ecological cul-de-sacs, dead-end hosts may still experience meaningful effects from parasite exposure. Here, we examine how exposure to Paragordius varius hairworm larvae influences behaviour and development of Physella acuta, an invasive freshwater snail likely functioning as a dead-end host in this system. Using a dose-response design under controlled conditions, we exposed juvenile snails to increasing larval concentrations and tracked activity over 24 hours in relation to water, total home range, and core activity areas. Snails were then reared to assess impacts on shell development. Infection intensity scaled with larval dose. At the highest exposure, snails showed an almost one-third reduction in home range, spent substantially more time submerged, and entered water less frequently but for longer durations. These shifts indicate reduced exploratory behaviour and altered water use, potentially limiting ecological flexibility. Although shell size and shape were unaffected, shell crush resistance increased markedly with dose, suggesting altered properties tied to behavioural or physiological responses. Our results show that parasites can impose sublethal yet ecologically significant costs on dead-end hosts. This challenges traditional views of dead-end hosts as passive endpoints and highlights their potential role in shaping host-parasite dynamics. For invasive species like P. acuta, even non-transmissive infections may carry fitness and ecological consequences.},
}
@article {pmid41708502,
year = {2026},
author = {Griffin-Nolan, RJ and Bensaddek, L and Decocq, G and Hikosaka, K and Kichey, T and LeVonne, J and Mishio, M and Fridley, JD},
title = {Invasive plants optimize leaf nitrogen allocation in photosynthesis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.71025},
pmid = {41708502},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {IOS-1754273//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants often outcompete co-occurring native species by expressing acquisitive functional traits that promote high photosynthetic capacity. However, it remains unclear whether these traits are newly evolved in the introduced ('away') range or if invaders arrived preadapted with superior traits from their native ('home') range. We measured photosynthetic performance of 27 invasive species in their home and away ranges, along with 17 co-occurring native species across 414 populations in temperate forest and field habitats. To understand mechanisms of photosynthetic shifts, we quantified leaf nitrogen (N) allocation among photosynthetic, structural, and defensive functions. Invasive species had greater photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic N allocation than natives in both habitats, despite similar total leaf N. In fields, away-range invaders increased Rubisco investment compared to home populations, enhancing carboxylation rates. In forests, invaders had greater Chl allocation and quantum yield compared to native species - advantages already present in home-range populations. Increased photosynthetic N allocation was not linked to reduced structural or defensive N pools, challenging the hypothesis that invader growth advantages come at the expense of defense. Our findings suggest that enhanced N investment in photosynthesis is a common competitive advantage of invasive species, involving both away-range evolution and preadaptation.},
}
@article {pmid41707699,
year = {2026},
author = {Azra, MN and Soffa, FB and Norazmi-Lokman, NH and Segaran, TC and Wei, LS and Abdul Kari Z, Z and Gao, H and Ab Lah, R and Moss, A},
title = {Knowledge mapping of world's worst invasive alien species under changing climate.},
journal = {Behavioural processes},
volume = {237},
number = {},
pages = {105361},
doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105361},
pmid = {41707699},
issn = {1872-8308},
abstract = {Climate change exerts severe impacts on aquatic ecosystems and is intrinsically linked to the behavioral expansion of alien species, potentially exacerbating existing invasion dynamics. Despite the critical role of behavioral plasticity in invasion success, there is a notable lack of comprehensive mapping studies assessing how these species adapt their physiological and behavioral responses to climatic shifts. To address these gaps, this study employs scientometric and comparative analysis to illuminate the current status and future research directions concerning the world's most problematic invasive fish and shellfish. A systematic search of the Web of Science (1975-2023) identified 7087 documents focusing on the IUCN's most harmful aquatic invaders. The findings reveal that research is increasingly focused on the mechanistic drivers of behavior, with "oxidative stress," "hypoxia," and "temperature effect" emerging as dominant research hotspots. Thematic analysis identified 38 clusters, highlighting "respiratory status" and "ocean acidification" as critical factors influencing the survival and activity patterns of invasive taxa. This analysis emphasizes that understanding the behavioral and physiological thresholds of these species is vital for strategic management, providing policymakers with a roadmap to anticipate how extreme climatic events will alter the behavior and spread of the world's worst invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41706345,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, L and Guo, J and Yang, Y and Xu, H and Lu, Z and Zheng, X and Wu, Y and Lu, Y},
title = {Evaluation of acute toxicity and enzyme activity of commonly used pesticides in rice fields to Chironomus kiiensis and Chironomus javanus.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology (London, England)},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {54},
pmid = {41706345},
issn = {1573-3017},
support = {CARS-01//earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System/ ; 2023YFD1400800//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41705387,
year = {2026},
author = {Glennon, KL and Theron, A and Pedroza Lopez, E and Fletcher, RJ and Botero-Cañola, S and Kruger, L and Lasky, M and Monadjem, A and Wisely, SM and McCleery, R},
title = {Wild ungulate foraging suppresses growth of invasive parthenium weed.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2025.0623},
pmid = {41705387},
issn = {1744-957X},
support = {//National Science Foundation International Experience for Students/ ; //NRF/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; *Plant Weeds/growth &amp; development ; *Asteraceae/growth &amp; development ; *Feeding Behavior ; Kenya ; },
abstract = {The invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus has severely disrupted ecosystems worldwide, driven by its persistent seed bank and phytotoxic compounds that suppress surrounding vegetation and negatively impact herbivorous mammals. It is widely assumed that wild ungulates avoid parthenium weed-dominated areas due to its presumed unpalatability and toxicity, but direct evidence is limited. We experimentally tested whether ungulates in an African savanna actively forage on parthenium weed by contrasting herbivore foraging in mechanically cleared and controlled areas using exclosures in parthenium-invaded areas. We also assessed whether reduction in body condition scores was associated with foraging on parthenium weed, and whether herbivory suppresses parthenium weed regrowth. Our experimental results show that ungulates foraged on parthenium rosettes without apparent negative impacts on body condition. Notably, herbivore activity significantly reduced parthenium cover in cleared areas. These findings reveal a previously undocumented potential for leveraging wild ungulate herbivory as a biocontrol mechanism for managing parthenium weed invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41704916,
year = {2026},
author = {Ferreira, MM and Bobrowiec, PED and Mustin, K and Carvalho, WD},
title = {Unveiling Emerging Trends and Gaps in Scientific Research on Vertebrate Biodiversity in Tropical Savannahs.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e72917},
pmid = {41704916},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Savannahs are among the most threatened ecosystems in the world due to the rapid change in their land use for forestry, soybean cultivation, and pasture. However, savannahs are less studied than tropical forest ecosystems despite this intense anthropogenic pressure. As such, here we investigate the gaps and trends in scientific research on terrestrial vertebrates in tropical savannahs, via a systematic search for scientific articles on the Web of Science platform. Subsequently, to identify the geographic distribution of the studies, we divided the total number of articles by the area of the Savannah biome (in km[2]) that occurs in each country. Our results show that Africa has a deficit in scientific research on terrestrial vertebrates compared to Oceania and South America, and that this global trend in the distribution of studies is closely related to the Human Development Index. We also identified land use change and fire dynamics as the most studied drivers of biodiversity loss, while invasive species and climate change were the least well studied. Finally, our research revealed that about 80% of the articles focused on mammals and birds, and that phylogenetic and functional diversity were the least studied dimensions of vertebrate biodiversity in tropical savannahs. These results are concerning for conservation efforts, as they reveal not only a substantial geographic gap but also a limited and biased understanding of savannah biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41702936,
year = {2026},
author = {Najberek, K and Myśliwy, M and Rewicz, A and Solarz, W},
title = {Plant cuttings of invasive alien Impatiens glandulifera Royle develop flowers and produce viable seeds.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-33573-8},
pmid = {41702936},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RID/SP/0045/2024/01//Minister of Science under the "Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027/ ; },
abstract = {Controlling the invasive alien Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera is both expensive and time-consuming. The most promising control methods include manual mowing and hand-pulling. However, long-term effectiveness of these methods can be unsatisfactory. We hypothesized that such partial success might result from eradication efforts occurring too late in the season, allowing improperly treated cuttings to flower. Moreover, we experimentally tested whether cut flowering individuals left on the ground could survive long enough to produce viable seeds. The experiment involved plant cuttings and reference individuals. We recorded the number of flowers on each plant, monitored floral visitor activity, and simultaneously measured abiotic factors (air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed). The relationship between insect visitation rates and both flower abundance and solar radiation was nonlinear, highlighting the importance of considering complex environmental effects in pollination dynamics. The seeds were collected, and seed viability was compared between the two treatment groups. We demonstrated that the plant cuttings survived for about three weeks, developed flowers and produced viable seeds. Although the reference individuals had more flowers and were more frequently visited by insects (mainly Bombus pascuorum), they did not develop significantly more viable seeds than the cuttings. This confirms the remarkable survival capacity of I. glandulifera plant cuttings and supports our hypothesis that this feature may hinder the full eradication of the species through mowing and hand-pulling under current guidelines. Based on our results, we recommend changing the control timing.},
}
@article {pmid41700811,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhuge, Y and Li, H and Meng, Y and Ni, G and Bai, X and Zhu, P and Song, J and Huang, Q and Miao, W and Feng, R and Hou, Y and Li, D},
title = {Soil fungal influence on the diversity-invasibility relationship depends on interacting species identities.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {e70186},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70186},
pmid = {41700811},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {163042020001//Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund/ ; 32471749//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32571942//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2023MC077//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; 2022JCYJ029//Fundamental Research Projects of Science &amp; Technology Innovation and Development Plan in Yantai City/ ; 2021YFC3100403//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Fungi/physiology ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis, which proposes that diverse communities should be more resistant to biological invasions, has been the focus of much attention. However, little is known about how soil microbes recruited by native plants influence the vulnerability of forest ecosystems to invasion by exotic plants. Here, we present a two-part plant-soil feedback experiment (Part A, diversity effect; Part B, soil inoculation) to examine the effects of soil microorganisms associated with native plant species at different diversity levels on community invasibility of temperate forests, using two invasive plants, Rhus typhina and Phytolacca americana, as test species. Aboveground plant growth and biomass allocation differed significantly between the two invasive plants under simulated diversity, with negative effects on P. americana and positive effects on R. typhina. Both the diversity effects and soil inoculation experiments showed that the growth of P. americana was inhibited, while that of R. typhina was promoted by soil microorganisms. In contrast to the non-mycorrhizal P. americana, the arbuscular mycorrhizal plant R. typhina enhanced its stress tolerance through close associations with soil fungi. Our study suggests that the role of soil microbes in the "diversity-invasibility" relationship might be related to the species identities (e.g., mycorrhizal type) of both invasive and native species. These results shed new light on Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis by highlighting the role of plant-soil feedback mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid41700489,
year = {2026},
author = {Valliere, JM and Parra, OA and Algiers, J},
title = {Management inputs, site conditions, and fire history shape outcomes of invasive plant control and native recovery.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {e70187},
pmid = {41700489},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Western National Parks Association/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Fires ; *Plants/classification ; Ecosystem ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Millions of dollars and countless hours are spent on invasive plant management, and the field of invasion ecology has gained increasing attention in recent decades. Yet, despite these efforts to control and understand plant invasions, successful management is often elusive. Budgetary constraints are a common factor limiting invasive plant management programs, and therefore optimizing control strategies is essential. However, such optimization requires data on management inputs and outcomes, and these data are often missing, lacking, or underutilized. To address this knowledge gap and identify predictors of successful invasive plant control in natural areas, we examined nearly 20 years of invasive plant treatment data in the world's largest urban national park-Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area of southern California. We resurveyed 279 sites, which had undergone control in the past two decades, collecting data on the abundance of native and invasive plant species to evaluate long-term management outcomes. We used multiple statistical approaches to identify management inputs and site characteristics that are predictors of eradication, invasive plant cover, and native species recovery. We found that the greater the initial size or percent cover of an infestation, the lower the probability of eradication. We also found that infestations on steeper slopes and in areas that have burned more frequently are less likely to be eradicated. Promisingly, our results also showed that greater reductions in invasives generally benefited native plant communities, though not in all cases. These analyses also highlighted that persistence is key; more frequent treatments (both chemical and nonchemical) and greater investment of labor resulted in larger reductions in invasive plants. Our results highlight how site characteristics and limited resources can complicate invasive plant management, while demonstrating the value of analyzing treatment and monitoring data to identify effective control strategies and guide adaptive management decisions.},
}
@article {pmid41699788,
year = {2026},
author = {Courtois, MA and Souques, C and Voituron, Y and Teulier, L and Médoc, V and Dechaume-Moncharmont, FX},
title = {Functional response predicts invasiveness but not trophic impact.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70232},
pmid = {41699788},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {//Agence de l'Eau Rh&#xf4;ne-M&#xe9;diterran&#xe9;e-Corse (AE-RMC)/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are a major driver of biodiversity erosion mainly because invasive species show greater trophic impact than their non-invasive counterparts. The experimental paradigm for assessing this trophic impact is the functional response (FR) test that describes the relationship between per capita consumption rate and resource density. Two key parameters are then assessable and comparable between populations and species: the space clearance rate (attack rate, a) measuring predatory efficiency at low prey densities, and handling time (h) representing the time required to capture, handle and digest prey. This test is frequently conducted to compare non-invasive and invasive species and shows that invasive species have a higher FR than non-invasive species (characterized by higher space clearance rates and lower handling times) which would explain both their invasion success and their ecological impact. However, it appears that whether FR parameters differ between invasive species sampled in their native versus invasion range has never been tested, implicitly assuming that FR measures can be extrapolated to the entire range of distribution. Using a phylogenetically corrected comparative analysis of 269 FR observations from 45 freshwater fish species (23 non-invasive species and 22 invasive species), we confirm that invasive species exhibited higher FR than non-invasive species. However, this pattern holds true only when considering invasive species sampled in their native range. Invasive species studied in their invasion range displayed functional responses comparable to non-invasive species, with similar space clearance rates and handling times. Additionally, space clearance rates decreased with temperature in non-invasive species but tended to increase in invasive species from invasive introduction ranges, suggesting that climate warming may exacerbate competitive asymmetries. Together, these results indicate that high FR predispose species to invasiveness, but also challenge the assumption that FRs measured in the native range of a species can be directly extrapolated to predict its trophic impacts elsewhere. Our findings call for greater consideration of biogeographic context when using functional responses to assess invasion risk and ecological impact.},
}
@article {pmid41699711,
year = {2026},
author = {Cui, M and Ma, J and Si, W and Zhang, M and Liu, K},
title = {Structural Analysis and Immunoenhancing Activity of Polysaccharides Derived From Imperatae rhizoma.},
journal = {Chemistry &amp; biodiversity},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {e03698},
doi = {10.1002/cbdv.202503698},
pmid = {41699711},
issn = {1612-1880},
support = {LKH-2022-01//SciTech Funding by CSPFTZ Lingang Special Area Marine Biomedical Innovation Platform/ ; 82172796//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; AG25-14151-0006//Key Recommended Project of Shanghai College Young Teacher Training Funding Plan in 2024/ ; },
mesh = {*Polysaccharides/chemistry/pharmacology/isolation &amp; purification ; *Rhizome/chemistry ; Animals ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Macrophages/drug effects/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; *Immunologic Factors/pharmacology/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {In order to enhance the high-value utilization of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. and help control its ecological impact as an invasive species, Imperatae rhizoma polysaccharide (IRcp-2) was successfully extracted from the roots of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. The total sugar and protein contents of IRcp-2 were 91.36% and 1.50%, respectively. Its monosaccharide composition was predominantly galactose, arabinose, xylose, and glucose, with a molar ratio of 44.8:34.4:13.8:7.0. Its average molecular weight was 29 964 Da. Methylation combined with nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that IRcp-2 mainly included 1,3,6-β-Galp, 1-β-Araf, and a small amount of 1-β-Galp, 1,3-β-Galp, 1,4-β-Galp, 1,6-β-Galp, 1-β-Glcp, 1,2-β-Glcp, 1,3-β-Glcp, 1,4-β-Glcp, 1,3,4-β-Glcp, 1,6-β-Glcp, 1,2,5-β-Araf, 1,5-β-Araf, 1-α-Xylp, 1,2-α-Xylp, and 1,4-α-Xylp. Cell experiments demonstrated that IRcp-2 at concentrations of 5-200 µg/mL significantly promoted the proliferation of macrophages and increased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide in macrophages, suggesting that IRcp-2 may possess immunoenhancing effects.},
}
@article {pmid41698843,
year = {2026},
author = {Mitrovic, D and Bragg, LM and Flávio, H and Servos, MR and Wilkie, MP},
title = {The Mechanism of Increased Tolerance to the Pesticide, 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol (TFM), in Invasive sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) at Warmer Water Temperatures.},
journal = {Environmental toxicology and chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/etojnl/vgag040},
pmid = {41698843},
issn = {1552-8618},
abstract = {The phenolic compound 3-trifluoromethyl-4'-nitrophenol (TFM) is used as a lampricide, applied to rivers and streams to control populations of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes. 3-Trifluoromethyl-4'-nitrophenol is used to selectively target larval sea lamprey because of their limited capacity to detoxify it. The tissue TFM accumulation impairs mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, leading to energy depletion and death. Sea lamprey tolerance to TFM is greater in the summer, but the underlying mechanism(s) are unresolved. The present study tested the hypothesis that an increased capacity of sea lamprey to eliminate TFM at warmer temperatures increases their tolerance to TFM. Acute toxicity tests demonstrated that the 12-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) of TFM steadily increased by approximately 1.5-fold as water temperature rose from 7 to 28 °C. When lamprey were acclimated to one of three temperatures (6, 12, 24 °C) and exposed to an identical TFM concentration (i.e., 12-hr LC25 at 12 °C), muscle and liver TFM concentrations were approximately 30% and 36% lower in lamprey acclimated to 24 °C, suggesting more effective elimination of TFM at warmer temperatures. Calculations of the TFM steady state concentration and elimination half-life (t1/2) in the liver and muscle following TFM exposure suggested that they have a greater capacity to eliminate TFM in warmer water. We propose that the sea lamprey's capacity to detoxify TFM is greater at higher temperatures, preventing internal concentrations from reaching lethal levels during acute (9-12 hr) TFM exposure of similar duration to field applications. We also propose that water temperature, in addition to water pH and alkalinity, be considered when determining TFM application concentration used to optimize sea lamprey treatment effectiveness.},
}
@article {pmid41698669,
year = {2026},
author = {Graham, EA and Farrell, TM and Agugliaro, J and Walden, HDS and Lind, CM and Ossiboff, RJ},
title = {Pathologic Characterization of Raillietiella orientalis Infection and Comorbidities in Free-Ranging Pygmy Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius) from Central Florida, USA.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-25-00197},
pmid = {41698669},
issn = {1943-3700},
abstract = {Raillietiella orientalis(Ro) is a parasitic pentastome with a rapidly expanding geographic and herpetofaunal host range in the southeastern USA since its introduction, probably with the invasive Burmese python (Python bivittatus). However, little is known about the health impacts of Ro infection in native USA host species. Pygmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius), small pit vipers native to the southeastern USA, were among the first documented naïve hosts of Ro in Florida, USA. Between December 2018 and February 2019, 17 free-ranging S. miliarius from central Florida were evaluated for Ro pentastomiasis and comorbidities. Necropsy revealed Ro pentastomiasis in eight (47%) rattlesnakes confirmed by morphologic and molecular methods. Pygmy rattlesnakes harbored more Ro pentastomes (mean) than documented in Burmese pythons in southern Florida; moreover, the mean length of mature female Ro in S. miliarius was greater than in pythons, suggesting altered host-parasite interactions in this naïve host. Microscopically, localized inflammation and parasitic hematin deposition were associated with Ro in respiratory and coelomic tissues. All 17 snakes (100%) had both fungal dermatitis consistent with ophidiomycosis and mixed endoparasitism; other findings included two (12%) snakes with ferlaviral pneumonia and one (6%) with gastric cryptosporidiosis. This study shows that although lesions directly attributable to Ro in S. miliarius were mild, mixed-pathogen coinfections were common, highlighting the need for further study of potential host health and fitness impacts in native Florida snakes.},
}
@article {pmid41698668,
year = {2026},
author = {Seminati, C and Fernandez, M and Molina-López, RA and Darwich, L},
title = {Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria and CMY-2 Genes in Coypu (Myocastor coypus) in Catalan Wetlands, Northeast Spain.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-25-00163},
pmid = {41698668},
issn = {1943-3700},
abstract = {The indiscriminate use of antibiotics during the past 50 yr in human and veterinary medicine and agriculture has enhanced the selection of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMRB) and genes (ARG), representing a serious threat to public health worldwide. Wildlife can act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) environmental pollution, contributing to the dissemination of AMRB and ARG, especially in aquatic environments impacted by anthropogenic activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the coypu (Myocastor coypus), an invasive semiaquatic species, as an ecologic sentinel of AMR in the wetlands of Catalonia, Spain. A total of 116 free-living coypu were analyzed to detect the presence of AMRB and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and to detect the carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and colistin resistance genes by conventional PCR. Resistant bacteria were detected in 16.3% of the samples (n=19), belonging to Aeromonas spp. (31.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (26.3%), and Enterobacterales (42.1%), with Escherichia coli (26.3%) as the principal enterobacterium. Most isolates showed AMR to aminopenicillins, lincosamides, and third-generation cephalosporins. Conversely, all isolates were sensitive to carbapenems. Analysis of ARG revealed 32% (6/19) of strains were positive for the blaCMY-2 gene (three isolates of E. coli, two of Pseudomonas spp., and one of Aeromonas hydrophila). These findings reinforce the value of testing invasive species such as coypus as bioindicators of AMR in environmental surveillance programs.},
}
@article {pmid41697559,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, JL and Liu, Q and Wang, CL and Lang, X and Zeng, YX and Zhou, DQ},
title = {CT-based subregional and peritumoral radiomics for predicting pathological T stage of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an exploratory study of biological mechanisms.},
journal = {Insights into imaging},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {50},
pmid = {41697559},
issn = {1869-4101},
support = {Grant No. KY24041//Internal Research Fund of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To evaluate intratumoral subregional and peritumoral radiomics for predicting pathological T stage of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and investigate the biological mechanisms of radiomics.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 323 ccRCC patients from two centers, divided into training (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;148), internal test (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;38), and external validation (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;137) sets. Patients were stratified into low (T1 and T2, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;222) and high (T3 and T4, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;101) T stage groups. The tumors were segmented into different intratumoral subregions via the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Radiomic features (RFs) were extracted from the whole tumor region (VOI_whole), intratumoral subregions (VOI_subx), and the peritumoral region (VOI_peri). Several machine learning (ML) models and radiomic score (Radscore) were developed to predict pathological T stage and prognosis of ccRCC. Radiogenomics analysis was used to explore the relationship between radiomics and biologic pathways.<br><br>RESULTS: Two intratumoral subregions were segmented. The support vector machine (SVM)-based combined model, constructed using RFs from VOI_sub1 and VOI_peri, achieved the highest AUC values, of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68-0.96) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.88) in the internal test and external validation sets, respectively. A higher Radscore was correlated with poorer overall survival (OS) (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Radiogenomics analysis revealed that radiomics was associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, vesicle transport, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Hippo signaling pathway.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: An ML model combining intratumoral subregion and peritumoral RFs showed good performance in predicting the pathological T stage of ccRCC, and these RFs were associated with biological pathways underlying tumor invasion.<br><br>CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This study develops a validated CT-radiomics model (intratumoral subregions + peritumoral) predicting ccRCC T stage. The prognostic Radscore links to invasion biology (ECM remodeling, Hippo/ER dysregulation), enabling clinical translation.<br><br>KEY POINTS: Subregional and peritumoral radiomics models accurately predicted ccRCC (clear cell renal cell carcinoma) histological T stage. Radiomics score identified that high-risk ccRCC patients had poorer overall survival. Predictive radiomic features (RFs) were associated with biological pathways underlying tumor invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41697089,
year = {2026},
author = {Tang, YH and Zhang, HF and Wang, XD and Zhang, YB and Yang, NW and Wan, FH and Guo, JY and Lü, ZC and Liu, WX},
title = {Targeting Co-Safe RNAi Genes: Identification of Chitin Synthase and β-1,3-Glucanase for Sustainable Control of the Invasive Pest Tuta absoluta.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {74},
number = {7},
pages = {6112-6122},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15898},
pmid = {41697089},
issn = {1520-5118},
mesh = {*Chitin Synthase/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *RNA Interference ; *Moths/genetics/enzymology/growth &amp; development ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/genetics/metabolism ; Larva/genetics/growth &amp; development/enzymology ; Insect Control/methods ; Introduced Species ; Solanum lycopersicum/parasitology ; },
abstract = {RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising method for pest control. While RNA interference shows promise for pest control, its environmental risk assessment remains essential. Tuta absoluta is a significant invasive pest posing a serious threat to the tomato industry in China, and the study is targeted at the pest. We evaluated two chitin synthase genes (Chs1, Chs2) and a β-1,3-glucanase gene (Beita) as RNAi targets in T. absoluta, with particular emphasis on ecological safety. DsRNA exposure induced significant larval mortality (53-69%), phenotypic abnormalities, and midgut disruption. Most importantly, comprehensive environmental safety assessment confirmed no homologous genes in humans or key nontarget organisms (Nesidiocoris tenuis, Harmonia axyridis, Trichogramma exiguum, Episyrphus balteatus), and critically, no adverse effects on their survival, pollination, predation, or parasitism capacities. This study identifies three effective RNAi targets and provides substantial evidence for the environmental safety of these dsRNAs, supporting their sustainable application in T. absoluta management.},
}
@article {pmid41695701,
year = {2026},
author = {Justine, JL and Winsor, L},
title = {Cats, dogs, and sticky worms: invasion by land flatworms (Geoplanidae) is facilitated by household pets.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e20713},
pmid = {41695701},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; Cats ; Dogs/parasitology ; France ; *Pets/parasitology ; *Introduced Species ; Humans ; Cat Diseases/parasitology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: It is well known that the main vector of invasion by land flatworms has been the export of potted plants from their countries of origin to the invaded country. Within the invaded country, transport to garden centres where the plants are sold, and transport to the buyer's garden, are also carried out by humans. However, it is less clear how flatworms can then invade neighbouring gardens, given their slow movement rates.<br><br>METHODS: We re-examined citizen science reports in metropolitan France received over more than 12 years (2013-2025), searching the 6500 original emails for keywords suggesting transport by pets.<br><br>RESULTS: We found 15 citizen science observations of cats (13) or dogs (2) with flatworms stuck to their fur. Surprisingly, all reports concerned the species Caenoplana variegata, the two-tone planarian, even though this species is not the most abundant in gardens in France. Over the period 2020-2024, observations of C. variegata on dogs and cats represented 7.3% (10/137) of reports.<br><br>DISCUSSION: We suspect that transport by domestic animals is a significant factor favouring invasion by C. variegata, which possesses a particularly sticky mucus adapted to arthropod predation. This is compounded by the fact that the species reproduces asexually in Europe, and therefore the transport of a single individual may be sufficient to facilitate an invasion. We calculated a conservative estimate of the distances travelled outdoors by all the dogs and cats in France, which was 18 billion km/year; if only a tiny proportion of these journeys involve pets carrying flatworms, this transport as a dispersal factor becomes entirely plausible.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We believe that animal transport is a significant factor favouring land flatworm invasion, but that this does not apply to all species. A citizen science initiative could provide a better understanding of the extent and importance of animal transport as a factor for land flatworm invasions in other countries.},
}
@article {pmid41693727,
year = {2026},
author = {Benjamin, C and Hill, J and Ricciardi, A},
title = {Thermal effects on feeding efficiency and body condition in invasive and native benthivorous freshwater fishes.},
journal = {Biological invasions},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {51},
pmid = {41693727},
issn = {1387-3547},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Predictive information on invasive species impacts under climate warming is critical for risk assessment. The comparative functional response approach-an experimental method measuring feeding efficiency of a predator along a prey gradient-can forecast ecological impacts of an invader by quantifying its resource consumption under varying conditions. This approach was applied to the Tench Tinca tinca, an invasive benthivorous fish currently spreading in the St Lawrence River, and two native benthivorous species, the White Sucker Catostomus commersonii and the Brown Bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus. Body condition was used as a measure of long-term fitness under a given temperature treatment, and the Functional Response Ratio (FRR) and Relative Impact Potential (RIP) were used as metrics describing trophic impact. All species were acclimated to 18 °C and 25 °C; the former temperature represents the physiological optimum for the chosen native species, whereas the latter temperature is the projected near-future mean summer maximum for the lower Great Lakes. Feeding rates on larval chironomids were measured in 3-h trials at prey densities ranging from 2 to 500. White Sucker feeding efficiency was unaffected by temperature and consistently higher than the Tench, whereas the Tench exhibited a lower maximum feeding rate at 25 °C compared to 18 °C. Despite superior feeding rates, White Suckers showed diminished body condition at the elevated temperature, suggesting their foraging advantage might not persist under warming conditions. These findings suggest Tench possess greater thermal compensation capacity than White Suckers, indicated by their stable condition factors at elevated temperatures despite lower maximum feeding rates. In a second set of experiments, Tench achieved greater feeding efficiency than Brown Bullhead, but both species showed reduced efficiency at elevated temperatures. However, Brown Bullhead had increased body condition indices following experiments. FRR and RIP metrics indicated that Tench holds a competitive feeding advantage over Brown Bullhead that is reduced under elevated temperatures. Tench impact depends on both feeding efficiency and its capacity to maintain fitness in warm waters. Our results highlight the necessity of considering thermal adaptation in ecological forecasting. Climate warming may reshape competitive dynamics and ecosystem impact pathways beyond direct consumption effects.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10530-026-03767-w.},
}
@article {pmid41691963,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, C and Chen, B and Liu, L and Li, Y and Zhao, Z and Huang, P and Qiu, L and Gao, T},
title = {CSR strategy composition of urban spontaneous plants:A case from Yangling, China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {401},
number = {},
pages = {128985},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128985},
pmid = {41691963},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {China ; *Plants ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Cities ; },
abstract = {Urban spontaneous plants are advocated as a novel type of urban green infrastructure due to their high ecological value and low maintenance costs. However, their widespread application is limited by the inherent instability and insufficient knowledge about species-specific functional traits and intra-community ecological interactions. The CSR (Competition-Stress-Ruderal) strategy framework could serve as a methodological tool to classify plant functional groups and survival strategies, thereby facilitating a mechanistic understanding of individual spontaneous plant species' adaptive characteristics. Therefore, this study investigated 196 spontaneous plant species in Yangling, China, with the systematic sampling method, and their CSR strategy composition was analyzed. The results indicate that the CSR strategy composition of urban spontaneous plants is dominated by the R-strategy, followed by the C-strategy, with S-strategy being the least prevalent. The intermediate ecological strategy was R/CSR (C:S:R = 30:21:47%). There are no significant differences in the composition of ecological strategies among plants of various life forms. However, perennial plants invest more in C-strategy, while annual and biennial plants invest more in R-strategy. Native plants are more concentrated in the central area of the CSR strategy triangle diagram, whereas exotic species are more widely and evenly distributed within the triangle. The investment in C strategy by exotic species was significantly higher than that of native species. The investment in C strategy was significantly increased among invasive species, and the probability of invasion species increases when R-strategy is combined with C-strategy. The proportion of invasive species dominated by S-selection is extremely low. This study indicates that the CSR strategy of urban spontaneous plants is shaped by urban vegetation history and urban habitats. The CSR strategy can effectively indicate the survival strategies of urban spontaneous plants and their invasive statuses. In urban landscape design, plants can be selected to match the habitat characteristics based on their strategies, and the CSR strategy can be used as one of the bases for assessing the invasion risk of exotic plants.},
}
@article {pmid41691151,
year = {2026},
author = {Picq, S and Capron, A and Prunier, J and Boyle, B and Djoumad, A and Stewart, D and Wu, Y and Hamelin, R and Cusson, M},
title = {Genomics-based assessment of the geographic origin of spongy moths (Lymantria dispar) intercepted during vessel inspections, using SpongySeq, an amplicon sequencing panel.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12864-025-11978-z},
pmid = {41691151},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {#182IAS//Genome Canada/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major threat to native biodiversity, ecosystems services, economic stability and human well-being. The two spongy moths, Lymantria dispar asiatica and L. dispar japonica, native from Asia, are important defoliators of a wide variety of hardwood and coniferous trees, and the risk of their introduction into North America via sea transport is considered high by plant protection regulatory authorities. To prevent such introductions, a cost-effective approach consists in reducing the likelihood that IAS will enter the invasion pathway. This involves identifying the geographic origins of moths intercepted during vessel inspections in North American ports and implementing preventative measures in those foreign ports identified as the sources of moths. In the present work, we designed a genomic-based method for the accurate identification of the geographic origins of intercepted spongy moths. To this end, we developed an AmpliSeq panel, named SpongySeq, using genotyping-by-sequencing-derived SNP obtained from 1156 spongy moths collected at 61 sites in 25 countries.<br><br>RESULTS: The 283 SNPs that make up the panel were selected based on their performance to accurately assign spongy moths to one of the 19 geographic groups identified here, through assignment analyses using three different models, i.e., a multivariate approach, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), and two supervised learning methods named Support-Vector-Machine and Na&#xef;ve Bayes. With the most performant model (DAPC), our SpongySeq panel displayed a high assignment accuracy varying between 82 and 97%, depending on the assignment threshold used. Using this assignment method, an assessment of the origins of 28 egg masses of Asian spongy moths intercepted in different US ports in 2019-20, indicated that the majority were from Japan (18).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrates the feasibility to predict provenance and mitigate invasion of an important invasive species using a medium-size subset of selected genetic markers.},
}
@article {pmid41687444,
year = {2026},
author = {Outinen, O and Stæhr, PAU and Ribeiro, RS and Carbonell, A and Comas-González, R and Png-Gonzalez, L and Vázquez-Luis, M and Florin, AB and Naddafi, R and Gittenberger, A and Jakobsen, H and Costa, AC and Parente, MI and Dragičević, B and Dulčić, J and Petović, S and Orlando-Bonaca, M and Mavrič, B and Bartilotti, C and Lobo-Arteaga, J and Tuaty-Guerra, M and Viard, F and Massé, C and Castriota, L and Livi, S and Galanidi, M and Zenetos, A and Carvalho, N and Canning-Clode, J and Parretti, P and Ramalhosa, P and Castro, N},
title = {The haunting challenge of the trends and pathway assessments on newly introduced non-indigenous species in European seas.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {119407},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119407},
pmid = {41687444},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {The spread of aquatic non-indigenous species (NIS) is recognised as a major threat to the recipient regions ecosystems. The present study reviewed all NIS that have been introduced to the marine waters of the European Union (EU) until 2021, and their introduction pathways. Further, the study statistically analysed temporal trends in new NIS introductions and addressed uncertainties in relation to transporting pathways. Time-series analyses indicated that the observed trends in new NIS introductions have followed smoothly increasing trajectories for the entire study area, Mediterranean Sea, North-East Atlantic Ocean, and the Baltic Sea, whereas abrupt increase was detected for the Black Sea. It is noteworthy that the increasing trends started to slow down at the end of 2010s. Strongly increased research interest towards marine invasions since the early 2000s, and new environmental policies likely affected the observed trends. Future updates will be key to assessing whether this slowdown is truly a persisting trend or only an anomaly in the long term. The pathway assessment suffered from notable uncertainties, as the assigned confidence levels for pathways were low or unassigned for a large proportion of the introduced NIS in all study regions. Transport by shipping vectors was assigned as the most common pathway (51%) for new NIS introductions to EU seas, although there was very rarely direct evidence of this. The study highlights the need to overcome the pathway uncertainties, as robust information on introduction pathways is critical to manage new NIS introductions effectively.},
}
@article {pmid41687322,
year = {2026},
author = {Kolesnik, M and Lozano, I and Guidobono, JS and Lo Nostro, FL and Meijide, FJ},
title = {Swimming impairment caused by pharmaceuticals in native and invasive fishes: A comparison of fluoxetine effects in two poeciliid species.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {396},
number = {},
pages = {144860},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144860},
pmid = {41687322},
issn = {1879-1298},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fluoxetine/toxicity ; Introduced Species ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; *Swimming ; *Cyprinodontiformes/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Fishes/physiology ; },
abstract = {Chemical pollution and invasive alien species are currently recognized as two of the major drivers of global biodiversity loss. These two pressures rarely act in isolation, but instead frequently co-occur and interact in human-modified ecosystems. The antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX) is among the neuroactive pharmaceuticals most regularly detected in watersheds worldwide, raising concerns over its potential adverse effects on the behavior of fishes and other aquatic organisms. For native fish species inhabiting FLX-polluted environments, the ability to withstand the ecological pressure from invasive species might be compromised if they prove more vulnerable to chemical pollution than their non-native counterparts. Here, we examined whether FLX impairs swimming performance at lower concentrations in the native ten-spotted livebearer Cnesterodon decemmaculatus than in the invasive mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. Fishes were exposed to waterborne FLX for 14 days, under semi-static conditions with daily renewal of test solutions. Following exposure, swimming activity of individual fish was video-recorded and analyzed. We found that fish exposed to 25 μg/L FLX exhibited impaired swimming behaviour, slowing down their movement and remaining for longer time static and close to the surface. Contrarily, exposure to 0.5 μg/L FLX-an environmentally relevant concentration-did not affect swimming performance in either species. Interestingly, exposure to 5 μg/L FLX, which is close to the concentration of combined antidepressants reported in surface waters, had a significant effect on overall locomotion in C. decemmaculatus but not in G. holbrooki. This finding points to a higher susceptibility of the native species as compared to the invasive one, potentially diminishing its capacity to cope with interference competition under aquatic pollution by neuroactive contaminants.},
}
@article {pmid41686700,
year = {2026},
author = {Ierardi, RA and Ericsson, AC and Lahmers, KK and Shen, Z and Raghavan, RK},
title = {Detection of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in host-seeking adult Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle pastures, Missouri, United States.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjag014},
pmid = {41686700},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {00081722//Taylor Geospatial Institute/ ; 7003929 and 7006485//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health projects/ ; //University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Research Scholars Program/ ; 58-2090-2-020//USDA Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anaplasma marginale/isolation &amp; purification ; Missouri ; *Dermacentor/microbiology ; Male ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/microbiology ; Anaplasmosis ; },
abstract = {Bovine anaplasmosis is an economically important and globally distributed disease of cattle caused by a rickettsia, Anaplasma marginale Theiler, which infects bovine red blood cells. In the United States, A. marginale is transmitted by adult male Dermacentor spp. ticks. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of A. marginale among host-seeking D. variabilis Say males and describe tick activity on beef cow-calf grazing operations in Missouri. Ticks were collected by dragging a total of 348 750-meter transects on 5 field sites from May 2022 to August 2024. In total, 29,132 ticks were collected: 27,502 Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus, 1,504 D. variabilis, 101 Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, and 25 individuals of uncommonly encountered species. A total of 692 adult male D. variabilis were divided into 154 pools of ≤5 ticks/pool for analysis. Anaplasma marginale was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 1 pool of 5 adult males (0.6%). Illumina sequencing detected an Anaplasma bovis (Donatien and Lestoquard 1936)-like sequence in 38 pools (24.7%). The endosymbionts Francisella spp. and Rickettsia spp. were detected in 100% and 32.5% of pools, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to detect A. marginale in host-seeking D. variabilis collected in the field. Our findings also represent the first reports of H. longicornis, an invasive species, in 4 Missouri counties.},
}
@article {pmid41685868,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, K and Chen, B and Liu, Q and Sun, K and Shao, Y and Mijiti, M and Li, Z},
title = {Development of a Plant Rhabdovirus-based Versatile Vector for Gene Function Studies in Leafhoppers and Rice.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erag082},
pmid = {41685868},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Plant viral vectors are powerful tools for transient gene overexpression and silencing, enabling rapid functional analysis without the need for genetic transformation. Rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) is an emerging plant rhabdovirus transmitted propagatively by the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis. Leveraging its cross-kingdom replication ability, here we report the development of RSMV as a versatile vector for regulatable foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in rice and its insect vector. We first established an efficient reverse genetics system for RSMV using Nicotiana benthamiana as a model host. Recombinant virus particles recovered from N. benthamiana leaves were infectious to R. dorsalis and efficiently transmitted to rice. RSMV-based vectors stably accommodated at least two foreign genes, totaling up to 3.7 kb, and maintained stable expression across multiple passages. As proof-of-concept, the RSMV-VIGS vector achieved >90% knockdown of a target gene in R. dorsalis, producing near-knockout phenotypes that persisted throughout adulthood, and also induced efficient gene silencing in infected rice plants. Our work enables genetic manipulation of RSMV for molecular studies and provides a robust tool for functional genomics in both rice and insect hosts.},
}
@article {pmid41685862,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, H and Wei, Y and Qiu, T},
title = {Phenological Responses to Canopy Structure Depend on Vegetation Biomes Across the United States.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {e70749},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70749},
pmid = {41685862},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {80NSSC25K7480/NASA/NASA/United States ; 2407753//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {United States ; Seasons ; *Climate Change ; *Forests ; *Ecosystem ; Bayes Theorem ; *Trees ; },
abstract = {Land surface phenology is a key indicator of ecosystem responses to global change, but most studies largely emphasized temporal trends, leaving spatial patterns, particularly those shaped by canopy structure, underresolved. As disturbances from forest dieback, invasive species, and wildfire expand canopy openings that reshape microclimates, their consequences for the timing of spring green-up and fall senescence remain poorly quantified. Leveraging multi-source remote sensing data from 25 sites in the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), we evaluated how canopy gaps and their interactions with climate affect phenology across diverse biomes with a Bayesian spatially explicit model. Gaps were associated with earlier spring and later fall phenology in 15 and 18 sites, respectively; tropical seasonal and temperate rainforests showed delays in both seasons, whereas temperate seasonal forests generally advanced spring and delayed fall, and woodland/shrubland advanced spring but exhibited mixed fall responses. At typical average gap sizes (200 to 650 m[2]), spring green-up shifted by -2 to +2 days and autumn senescence by -1 to +5 days, with climate background modulating both magnitude and direction in some sites. Our models also achieved high out-of-sample accuracy (R[2] > 0.5 at 21 of 25 sites for spring and 20 of 25 for fall), highlighting canopy structure as a key driver of spatial variations in phenology. Because canopy structure can be modified through silvicultural practices, these findings provide actionable guidance for climate-resilient forest management.},
}
@article {pmid41684817,
year = {2026},
author = {Kaya, N and İnci, H and Şarlak, &#x130; and Yetim, T and Özgül, CN and Özuluğ, O and Tosunoğlu, M},
title = {Pressure of Invasive Alien Species Trachemys scripta on Native Species Under Future Climate Change Scenarios.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73084},
pmid = {41684817},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Throughout the world, climate change is having many adverse impacts, ranging from the decline of biodiversity to the economic downturn. Increasing temperature will continue to affect microorganisms and ecosystems in a very wide range. In order to mitigate the severity of this irreversible process, it would be helpful to analyze the anticipated scenarios for the coming years. For this purpose, the invasive alien species Trachemys scripta and the native species Emys orbicularis, Mauremys caspica and Mauremys rivulata in Türkiye were projected with five different climate models (ACCESS-CM2, BCC-CSM2-MR, CNRM-ESM2-1, GISS-E2-1-G, and MIROC6) for the years 2050, 2070, and 2090. Suitable habitat areas, habitat expansions, and habitat contractions of species with climate change were modeled. Based on the results of these models, it appears that habitat expansions in the future will probably result in an increase in competition between native and invasive species. Due to habitat contraction in the west, the T. scripta species is expected to migrate toward the coast, which may lead to population declines for E. orbicularis and M. rivulata, especially along the Mediterranean coast. Furthermore, M. caspica, which is distributed in the east, is likely to move toward the western and southern regions due to climate change, where it could compete for habitat with T. scripta as it experiences habitat contraction in the north. This suggests that climate change and the impact of invasive species will lead to habitat loss for native species in the future. Considering this data, it is recommended to increase collection and monitoring efforts in coastal areas where the T. scripta species is currently densely distributed in order to mitigate the occurrence of this predicted scenario in the future.},
}
@article {pmid41684225,
year = {2026},
author = {Chowdhury, S and Hawladar, N and Roy, RC and Capinha, C and Cassey, P and Correia, RA and Deme, GG and Di Marco, M and Di Minin, E and Jarić, I and Ladle, RJ and Lenoir, J and Momeny, M and Rinne, JJ and Roll, U and Bonn, A},
title = {Harnessing social media data to track species range shifts.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70234},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70234},
pmid = {41684225},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {DFG-FZT 118 and 202548816//German Research Foundation/ ; //Australian Research Industry Laureate Fellow/ ; IL230100175//Combatting Wildlife Crime and Preventing Environmental Harm/ ; CE24/1043//British Ecological Society/ ; ERC BIOBANG 101171602//European Union/ ; 447598/2025-2 441125/2023-9 306174/2025-1//CNPq/ ; },
abstract = {Biodiversity monitoring programs and citizen science data remain heavily biased toward the Global North. Especially in megadiverse countries with limited biodiversity records, incorporating social media data can help address existing data gaps. However, whether such data can significantly improve our understanding of range-shifting species is still unknown. We tested whether social media data improved our knowledge of the range dynamics of a rapid range-shifting butterfly, the tawny coster (Acraea terpsicore). We collated locality data from Flickr and Facebook and compared these with occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). We used species distribution models (SDMs) and niche assessments, which we calibrated with data from GBIF alone and both sources combined (GBIF and social media data) to analyze range shift dynamics. Social media data increased occurrence records by 35%, and the proportion of social media data was higher in countries poorly represented in GBIF. In addition, we obtained new distributional information from well-represented countries (e.g., Australia and Malaysia). Over time, the SDMs calibrated with GBIF and social media data showed greater expansion rates than SDMs based solely on GBIF data. The niche assessments revealed that GBIF-only data failed to capture regions with relatively low maximum temperature, relatively low precipitation and high elevation. Our results highlight the potential of harnessing social media data to track rapid biodiversity redistribution in response to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41683894,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiong, X and Li, J and Sun, S and Yu, C and Tian, Y and Li, C and Liu, H},
title = {Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Low-Temperature Adaptation in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41683894},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2024CXGC0109110301//Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Cold Temperature ; *Metabolomics/methods ; *Transcriptome ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; *Metabolome ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Acclimatization/genetics ; Lysophospholipids/metabolism/genetics ; Cold-Shock Response ; *Tylenchida/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (PWN), a highly destructive invasive forest pest, has expanded northward in China, even colonizing cold regions, implying evolved low-temperature tolerance. To explore its cold adaptation mechanisms, we selected PWN isolates from diverse origins, screened cold-tolerant strains via low-temperature stress assays, and conducted integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. We also compared invasive and native populations to clarify adaptive pattern differentiation. The results showed that northern Chinese isolates had significantly higher survival rates, with cold tolerance closely linked to lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE). Silencing the LysoPE-related gene BX02G0260 markedly elevated nematode mortality under low temperatures. Unlike native populations, invasive PWN may have developed a cold adaptation strategy centered on genetic material protection, with xanthosine as a key metabolite. These findings provide critical molecular insights into invasive species' rapid cold adaptation in novel environments.},
}
@article {pmid41681678,
year = {2026},
author = {Zheng, F and Zhan, C and Yang, K and Li, Q and Wang, Z and Xu, G and Clements, DR and Yao, B and Jin, G and Yang, S and Zhang, F and Day, MD and Shen, S},
title = {Allelopathic Potential of Newly Emerged Invasive Plant Cirsium vulgare (Asteraceae) in Yunnan Province of China.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41681678},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2024YFC2607600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Cirsium vulgare (Asteraceae) is a newly emerged invasive species in Yunnan Province, China, and its phytotoxic potential has not yet been studied. This study was conducted to explore potential allelopathic effects of C. vulgare and to identify its flavonoid and phenolic acid compounds. Four aqueous extracts (roots, stems, leaves, and flower/fruit heads) of C. vulgare exhibited high inhibitory activity against the germination and seedling growth of Bidens pilosa and Digitaria sanguinalis. The inhibition rates of germination rate, germination index, root length, shoot length, and biomass of both species increased significantly with increasing concentrations, with B. pilosa being more inhibited than D. sanguinalis. Extracts from leaves and flower/fruit heads yielded the strongest inhibition, followed by stem extracts, with the lowest impact from root extracts. Flavonoids (65.41%) and phenolic acids (23.1%) collectively comprised 88.51% of all identified compounds. Thirty-eight flavonoid compounds and thirty phenolic acid compounds were selected for further analysis, representing 53.97% and 71.91% of the total content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, respectively. Many of the flavonoids and phenolic acids identified have been previously reported as known allelochemicals with possible allelopathic effects. This was the first study to show that the allelopathic potential of C. vulgare may aid its invasion and expansion.},
}
@article {pmid41681641,
year = {2026},
author = {Sullivan, RA and DeBerry, DA},
title = {Cultural Methods for the Control of the Invasive Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) in Stream Restoration.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41681641},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Stream RFP 05//The Resource Protection Group, Inc./ ; },
abstract = {Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stiltgrass) is one of the most invasive plant species in the eastern United States, posing a consistent problem to practitioners working in stream restoration and often necessitating treatment using non-selective herbicides to reduce invasion. Herbicide use frequently results in collateral damage to desirable native species and can lead to reinvasion after treatment. This study evaluated alternatives to herbicide referred to collectively as cultural controls, the use of which draws conceptually from the interaction of stress and disturbance in plant communities that predicts reduced invasion and increased competitive success of native species with higher levels of environmental stress. We tested several preventative cultural approaches, including (intended stressor in parentheses): (1) canopy shade (light limitation), (2) sawdust soil amendments (short-term nitrogen limitation), (3) wood mulch soil amendments (longer-term nitrogen limitation), and (4) double seeding rates (native species competition), as well as a combination of these treatments. Over a two-year field study within a restored stream corridor, we found that high carbon: nitrogen ratio soil amendments such as sawdust were the most effective at attenuating M. vimineum invasion and that shade promoted native species competition with this invader. Our results suggest a set of best practices that stream restoration practitioners could consider during the design and construction phases of a stream restoration project, particularly on sites with increased risk of M. vimineum incursion.},
}
@article {pmid41681622,
year = {2026},
author = {Burke Irazoque, M and Moraes R, M and Lozada-Gobilard, S},
title = {Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Phenotypic Diversity in the Genus Lupinus (Fabaceae).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41681622},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2024- 05103//Swedish Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {The genus Lupinus (Fabaceae) represents an exceptional model system for studying evolutionary processes mediated by pollinators and environmental factors. This review synthesizes evidence on phenotypic variability of floral traits, trait selection by biotic and abiotic factors, and the eco-evolutionary implications of these interactions. Pollinators shape floral traits through specialized selection that optimizes pollination efficiency while maintaining plasticity toward autogamy under pollinator scarcity. At the same time, abiotic pressures drive adaptations to climate and elevation, which Lupinus achieves through phenotypic plasticity, such as adjusting flowering time, and through mutualisms with soil microbes that reduce abiotic stress. Ecological implications reveal contrasting dynamics, where native species sustain specialized pollination networks, while invasive species such as L. polyphyllus Lindl. disrupt these interactions through competitive exclusion. Thus, these two factors collectively drive Lupinus phenotypic diversity through specialized adaptations and plasticity. Finally, we emphasize the need for integrated studies combining genomics and ecological modeling to decipher the adaptive mechanisms of this genus.},
}
@article {pmid41681514,
year = {2026},
author = {Venâncio, H and Demetrio, GR and Alves-Silva, E and Cornelissen, T and Cuevas-Reyes, P and Santos, JC},
title = {Under Pressure: Shading, High Herbivory, and Low Levels of Fertilization Drive the Vegetative Response of a Highly Invasive Species.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41681514},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {313523/2025-8//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 153399/2024-4//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species persist under environmental conditions due to phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to cope with conditions such as herbivory, competition, and resource availability. However, plant responses to individual and combined stressors are variable. In addition, fluctuating asymmetry (FA) has been proposed as an indicator of plant stress, although its reliability remains debated, and few studies have evaluated its responses under interacting stressors. We evaluated, in two greenhouse experiments, the isolated and combined effects of herbivory and shading; and belowground intraspecific competition and fertilization on performance, trait plasticity, and leaf FA in seedlings of the invasive plant Tithonia diversifolia. Shading reduced shoot biomass, but promoted plastic adjustments in architectural, photosynthetic, and leaf structural traits that enhance light capture, and also increased FA. Herbivory interaction with shade induced high leaf mass per area of plants. In contrast, high herbivory and intraspecific competition consistently reduced plant performance across multiple traits. Fertilization enhanced overall performance and mitigated the negative effects of herbivory and competition. Overall, our results emphasize the need to consider interacting environmental factors when assessing invasive plant performance and plasticity. Furthermore, FA showed inconsistent responses across treatments, suggesting its limited reliability as a biomarker of isolated and combined environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid41681512,
year = {2026},
author = {Judžentienė, A and Kundrotaitė, A and Charkova, T and Nedveckytė, I},
title = {Phytochemistry and Allelopathic Properties of Invasive Heracleum sosnowskyi Aqueous Extracts Against Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and White Clover (Trifolium repens L.).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41681512},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Heracleum sosnowskyi is considered to be a dangerous invasive plant species that has successfully naturalized within a variety of plant communities across numerous countries. As a result of its superior competitiveness, the alien species is able to displace the indigenous species from their native habitats, thus changing the ecosystems and decreasing biodiversity. The phytochemicals present in the H. sosnowskyi aqueous extracts were revealed using GC/MS and HPLC/DAD/TOF techniques. Isopsoralen, methoxsalen, (iso)pimpinellin and/or bergapten were determined to be major compounds in the leaf, inflorescence and root extracts. Glutaric, quinic, linolenic, (iso)chlorogenic and other polyphenolic acids were identified in the extracts. Furthermore, a number of furanocoumarins, including hermandiol, bakuchicin, candinols (A and C) and candibirin F, and coumarins, umbelliferone and yunngnins (A and B), were identified in the roots. Additionally, the presence of flavonoids, including astragalin, quercetin 7,3,4-trimethyl ether, nicotiflorin and rutin, has been detected in the flower and leaf extracts. Allelopathic effects of H. sosnowskyi aqueous extracts were tested on four model plants, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and three native Lithuanian meadow herbs, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), using the Petri dish method. H. sosnowskyi flower and leaf extracts demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of the tested plant seeds. At the highest relative concentrations, 0.5 and 1.0, extracts of Sosnowsky's hogweed inflorescences inhibited timothy seedling growth by 95.47% (from 19.64 ± 2.57 mm to 0.89 ± 0.73 mm) and 100%, respectively. The leaf extracts exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on white clover seedlings. The highest relative concentrations tested (0.5 and 1.0) suppressed clover seedling growth by 94.66% (from 41.22 ± 2.53 mm to 2.20 ± 0.63 mm) and 100%, respectively. Additionally, the germination rate and vigor index of model plants were assessed. The research is of significance for the regulation and monitoring of the spreading of aggressive H. sosnowskyi plants. Moreover, it is important for the development of natural herbicides based on active phytotoxic compounds from these plants.},
}
@article {pmid41681158,
year = {2026},
author = {Deckx, K and Verhelst, J and Rineau, F},
title = {Using an Invasive Plant (Japanese Knotweed) for Mycelium-Based Thermal Insulation Composites.},
journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41681158},
issn = {1996-1944},
abstract = {Mycelium-based composites (MBCs)-biomaterials made from fungal-inoculated substrates-are promising candidates to replace conventional rigid thermal insulation panels. However, many MBCs are made from hemp, a plant material that is quite difficult to source in many countries for regulation reasons, and mobilizes agricultural fields at the expense of food and feed crops. Meanwhile, many of our natural and urban ecosystems are subject to invasion by plants that are just burnt or even left in place, while they may be very good substrate for MBCs. This study investigated the comparative physical and thermal properties of MBCs derived from two distinct lignocellulosic feedstocks: hemp shives (a traditional material) and biomass from the highly invasive species Reynoutria japonica. Polyisocyanurate (PIR) was included as a synthetic benchmark. The MBCs produced from R. japonica demonstrated as low a thermal conductivity as the hemp MBCs in our internally developed method, but also as the PIR standard. However, they exhibited suboptimal physical characteristics: higher bulk density (166 vs. 128 kg/m[3] for hemp) and significantly higher water absorption (7.5% vs. 3.5% volume uptake after 2 min). This suggest that they are a less viable alternative to hemp-based MBCs for heat insulation applications.},
}
@article {pmid41681076,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, L and Zhang, X and Liu, T and Han, R and Zhang, Y and Teng, Y and Chen, Y and Wan, F and Qian, W and Liu, C},
title = {Application of digital PCR in the detection of low-abundance Pomacea canaliculata eDNA.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70613},
pmid = {41681076},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {32472584//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2025YFC2609400&amp;2022YFC2601500//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; CAAS-ZDRW202505//The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP)/ ; Y2024JC34//the Chinese Agrosystem Long-Term Observation Network (CALTON-DP)/ ; Y2024JC34//Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have been increasingly applied in the detection of invasive alien species (IAS). Pomacea canaliculata, a top 100 worldwide IAS native to South America, poses a significant threat to food production and ecosystems. Its invasion severely disrupts ecological balance and biodiversity, making precise detection and scientific management essential. The aim of this study was to establish and validate a dPCR-eDNA assay and the feasibility of monitoring the invasion of P. canaliculata in the water column by applying it in the field and in the laboratory, especially the accuracy and sensitivity of the assay in low-abundance samples.<br><br>RESULTS: The results of digital PCR (dPCR) are closely related to those of conventional real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in laboratory and environmental samples. Differences between methods were observed at low gene copies (10[0]-10[4]cell L[-1]) by laboratory standard systems, with dPCR having higher accuracy at low cell concentrations compared to qPCR. Furthermore, dPCR showed the highest detection rate of 92% across 75 environmental samples, followed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and qPCR with detection rates of 80% and 56%, respectively. The visual method had the lowest detection rate at only 52%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the dPCR-eDNA assay can be used as a sensitive and accurate detection method for early monitoring and invasion control of P. canaliculata. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41680466,
year = {2026},
author = {Zheng, KW and Wei, ZH and Xia, ZN and Wang, BK and Gao, P and Li, YT and Yang, XQ},
title = {Transgenerational Effects of Elevated Temperature on Life History and Lambda-Cyhalothrin Sensitivity in Cydia Pomonella.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {41680466},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {2021YFD1400200//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 31801733//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; *Nitriles/pharmacology ; *Moths/drug effects/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; Larva/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; *Hot Temperature ; *Insecticide Resistance ; *Life History Traits ; Temperature ; Female ; },
abstract = {Rising ambient temperatures driven by global warming are subjecting insect populations to thermal conditions exceeding their historical environmental ranges. Understanding how temperature alters key life-history traits is essential for optimizing integrated pest management strategies, particularly for invasive species. This study investigated the effects of short-term thermal stress (31 °C for the parental generation, with offspring returned to 26℃) on life history traits and insecticide sensitivity in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.), a major agricultural invasive pest. Results demonstrated that elevated temperature significantly shortened larval developmental duration and reduced pupal weight and overall fitness, with these phenotypic effects persisting across generations. Additionally, increased temperature attenuated the sensitivity of C. pomonella to lambda-cyhalothrin, especially in parental generation. In contrast, reproductive output and sensitivity to chlorantraniliprole remained largely unaffected by thermal elevation. Activities of detoxification enzymes including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), carboxylesterases (CarEs), and the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), were significantly upregulated at elevated temperatures, with transgenerational inheritance observed in progeny, potentially contributing to the observed decrease in insecticide sensitivity. These findings advance our understanding of the transgenerational physiological and biochemical adaptions of C. pomonella to thermal stress, with implications for resistance management under climate change scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid41680419,
year = {2026},
author = {Pedrazzini, C and Funari, R and Cucini, C and Nardi, F and Grabenweger, G and Widmer, F and Enkerli, J},
title = {Population genomics identifies Italian and North American origins of Popillia japonica in Switzerland.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-39440-4},
pmid = {41680419},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {No. 861852//European Union's Horizon 2020/ ; },
abstract = {The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), native to Japan, is a major invasive species in North America and Europe. Its colonization of Europe began on the Azores (1970s), followed by Italy (2014) and southern Switzerland (2017). In 2023, the presence of the pest was reported in three areas of Switzerland: Kloten (Canton of Zürich, north-eastern Switzerland), Basel (Canton of Basel-Landschaft, northern Switzerland), and in eastern Canton of Valais (South Switzerland) near the Italian border. In 2024, P. japonica individuals were discovered in several other Swiss Cantons. To trace P. japonica spread and origins in Switzerland, we investigated 42 individuals from infested areas, comprising scattered findings across Switzerland. Phylogenetic and population structure analyses using whole-genome resequencing, including data of previously sequenced samples from Japan, North America, the Azores, Italy, and Southern Switzerland, revealed distinct P. japonica migration patterns. Populations in Basel, Valais, and central Switzerland likely originated from Ticino/Northern Italy via road or rail transport. Conversely, the population near Zürich Airport was identified as an independent introduction from North America, likely through unintentional air transport. These findings offer insights into P. japonica spread across Switzerland, highlighting the need for enhanced monitoring and identification of invasion pathways.},
}
@article {pmid41678999,
year = {2026},
author = {Ramachandrannair, RS and Bella, K and Bhavan, SG and Raj, S and Kumar, AB},
title = {Bio-invasion and decadal changes in the trophic dynamics of a temporarily closed estuary: An Ecopath model from Veli-Akkulam Estuary, Kerala, India.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {216},
number = {},
pages = {107895},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107895},
pmid = {41678999},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {*Estuaries ; India ; *Introduced Species ; *Food Chain ; Animals ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; Biomass ; Fishes ; },
abstract = {Temporarily closed estuarine ecosystems (TCEs) are ecologically sensitive environments increasingly impacted by anthropogenic pressures and biological invasions. This study employs a mass-balanced trophic model using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) framework to evaluate long-term changes in the structure and function of the Veli-Akkulam Estuary, a small TCE on the southwest coast of India. Based on field data from 2022 to 2023, the model integrates 17 functional groups, including invasive alien species such as Oreochromis mossambicus, O. niloticus, and Pterygoplichthys pardalis. Model outputs were compared with historical assessments from 1993 to 2008-2010 to examine decadal-scale shifts in ecosystem properties and dynamics. Key ecological indicators such as mean trophic level of the catch (2.69), transfer efficiency (7.69 %), and Finn's Cycling Index (2.64 %) point to a simplified, detritus-dominated food web with reduced energy cycling and declining trophic maturity. Biomass is concentrated at lower trophic levels, while apex predators and native piscivores have markedly declined. Mixed Trophic Impact analysis revealed strong negative interactions between invasive species, particularly O. mossambicus, and native fish groups, suggesting competitive displacement and altered trophic relationships. High niche overlap further supports the hypothesis of dietary competition between invasive and native taxa, contributing to trophic reorganization. System-level metrics, including a relative ascendancy of 37.42% and system overhead of 62.58%, indicate reduced ecosystem organization and rising instability. These trends reflect a transition from a functionally complex system to one increasingly dominated by opportunistic and invasive species. The study underscores the utility of Ecopath with Ecosim-based modelling in diagnosing trophic degradation and informing adaptive management. This study provides the first decadal Ecopath model demonstrating invasion-driven trophic simplification in a temporarily closed tropical estuary, and offers a replicable framework for assessing cumulative ecological impacts in tropical estuarine systems impacted by invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41678491,
year = {2026},
author = {Farooq, Z and Ramzan, M and Bilal, M and Attique, M and Chung, TS and Naz, A},
title = {A multi-class framework for fish species classification using deep learning technique.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e0342901},
pmid = {41678491},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/classification ; *Deep Learning ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Fish species recognition is essential for ecological studies, fishery management, and marine biology. Accurate detection and categorization are critical for preserving biodiversity, allowing scientists to track species distribution, identify invasive species, and analyze the effects of environmental changes. The fish sector is essential to any country's food and agriculture. Identification of species by the morphology process is both inaccurate and costly. However, the manual process of measuring important details like species identification, length, and quantity is difficult to capture, which shows the need for automation. The merging of automated systems and artificial intelligence has revolutionized this industry. Recent advancements in image detection systems based on machine learning and deep learning have been explored across various domains. Yet, applying state-of-the-art deep model Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to identify the fish species' complexity of season and location, and limited public datasets pose a challenge for the detection. Machine learning and deep learning use artificial neural networks to simulate how humans think and learn, efficiently automating similar monitoring applications such as species identification on land and in water. You Only Look Once (YOLO) is a state-of-the-art method for object detection based on deep learning. The goal of this study is to develop a deep learning system for recognizing fish species using the YOLO paradigm. The Fish-Pak dataset, which includes information on tropical fish farming in Pakistan, consists of 915 images against 6 targeted classes, freely available at the Mendeley data source. To ensure the suggested YOLO architecture's improved performance on the Fish-Pak data collection, we will conduct an experimental comparison with other versions of YOLO v3 and V4. The total accuracy of fish species identification using the proposed methods is 99%, with an mAP of 99.65%, top performance results as compared to existing literature.},
}
@article {pmid41678408,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, F and Zheng, Y and Wu, Q and Zhong, S and Hu, X and Zheng, H and Chen, Y and Huang, D and Chen, X and Ding, M and Yu, Z and Zheng, Y and Yong, JWH and Huang, J and Zhu, H},
title = {The Cephaleuros spp. Causing Red Rust Disease in Oolong Tea (Camellia sinensis): Genetic Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Host Defense.},
journal = {Plant disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/PDIS-12-25-2495-RE},
pmid = {41678408},
issn = {0191-2917},
abstract = {Red rust disease, caused by the algal pathogen Cephaleuros spp., poses an increasingly significant threat to oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivation. Currently, however, effective management is hindered by a lack of species-specific diagnostic methods and limited analysis of host-response physiological changes. In this study, the region-wide survey was conducted, species-specific molecular diagnostics, multi-scale microscopy, and host biochemical analysis (pigments and antioxidants) were utilized to investigate Cephaleuros diversity, invasion biology, and host responses in oolong tea. Across 785 composite leaf samples, the overall Cephaleuros positivity rate was 30.19%, with incidence significantly higher detection rate in Chaozhou, Guangdong (46.59%) than in Fujian (7.58%). Genotyping via psaA-targeted qPCR revealed strikingly distinct regional distributions: C. parasiticus was predominantly detected in Chaozhou (95.3%), whereas C. virescens was the only identified species in Fujian, with no mixed infections identified. Histological analysis of Chaozhou samples revealed subepidermal thalli beneath both leaf surfaces, accompanied by palisade/spongy necrosis, which suggested deeper tissue invasion by C. parasiticus. To characterize host responses, we quantified photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in lesion centers and margins across representative cultivars. In green-leaf cultivars, infection was generally associated with decreases in chlorophyll a and b (with significance varying by cultivar), whereas carotenoid responses were modest and cultivar dependent. In contrast, two etiolated mutants exhibited significant increases in chlorophyll a (2.0-3.7-fold) and carotenoids (~1.5-1.6-fold), and anthocyanin increased by ~62% in the etiolated Juduozai mutant. Antioxidant enzyme activity was spatially structured, with peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) strongly induced at lesion margins (POD increase 39-248%), while lesion centers exhibited reduced activity (5-41%). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a modest increase at the lesion margins (increase 18-31%). A composite "reaction index" (POD+SOD at lesion margins) was used to classify cultivars into high and moderate response categories. These findings provide new insights into the ecological dynamics and host responses associated with Cephaleuros infection in oolong tea and highlight the potential for using these indicators in cultivar selection and disease management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41677190,
year = {2026},
author = {Wan, WJ and Jin, ZA and Du, SJ and Ye, FY and Guo, JY and Liu, WX},
title = {Population genetics and ecological niche modeling of Diglyphus albiscapus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in China.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toag021},
pmid = {41677190},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2024YFC2607600//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; XZ202401ZY0001//Key R&amp;D Project of Tibet Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {The effects of global climate change on the biocontrol of agricultural pests remain unclear. Understanding the geographical distribution and genetic differentiation of parasitoid wasps in past and current environments can help predict how the future environment will affect these wasps. Diglyphus albiscapus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a dominant parasitoid wasp of agromyzid leaf miners. Our study analyzed the intraspecific diversity, population structure, and historical population dynamics of D. albiscapus based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and internal transcribed spacer II genes. The current and future potential geographical distributions (PGD) of D. albiscapus in China were predicted using an ensemble model. Although the genetic diversity of D. albiscapus in China was relatively high, its genetic variation was relatively low. The fixation indices (FST) and gene flow (Nm) for the D. albiscapus population were 0.09823 and 2.29505, respectively, indicating that interpopulation gene exchange was adequate. The effective population size of D. albiscapus expanded approximately twofold during the early stadial of the last glacial period (MIS 4), and 3 populations expanded substantially. Currently, this species occurs mainly in northeast, northwest, and southern China. The PGD of D. albiscapus would be expected to spread outward from its current potential distribution range under global climate change. The predicted results of population genetics and PGD showed that anthropogenic activities may have promoted the spread of D. albiscapus, enhancing gene exchange within the species and reducing genetic differentiation. This study provided a reference for the conservation and application of D. albiscapus in the field.},
}
@article {pmid41675140,
year = {2026},
author = {Jia, J and Ye, J and Zeng, J},
title = {Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of Suitable Habitat for Invasive Coreopsis Species in China.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73073},
pmid = {41675140},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Climate change poses a serious threat to global species distributions and has significantly altered the distribution patterns of invasive species. Coreopsis spp. are widely distributed invasive plants with strong adaptability and reproductive capacity, whose invasion has become a major ecological concern in China. Using three climate change scenarios (SSP-126, SSP-245, SSP-585), combined with the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model and Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), this study delineated the potential distribution areas and distribution centroids of invasive Coreopsis plants in China. The results indicated that temperature (especially isothermality BIO3 and mean temperature of the warmest quarter BIO10) and moisture are the primary climatic factors influencing the distribution of Coreopsis spp., while human activity (HA) also plays a key role in shaping their distribution. Coreopsis drummondii exhibited the largest suitable habitat area (4.138 × 10[6] km[2]), whereas Coreopsis verticillata had the smallest (9.53 × 10[5] km[2]). Under current climatic conditions, the six Coreopsis species are mainly distributed in southern China. In future climate scenarios, their distributions are projected to shift northward and toward plateau regions. Moreover, high niche and range overlap was observed among Coreopsis grandiflora, Coreopsis lanceolata, and Coreopsis tinctoria, suggesting potential intensified interspecific competition. This study systematically reveals the invasion potential and spatial dynamics of Coreopsis spp. under climate change, providing a scientific basis for early warning, regional management, and ecological control. It also offers perspectives for future research on the interaction mechanisms between invasive and native species.},
}
@article {pmid41672993,
year = {2026},
author = {Stein, A and Bostock, K and Kizhuttil, R and Bak, M and Noble, R},
title = {Selective sweep probabilities in spatially expanding populations.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41672993},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {U54CA217376//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; 955708//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Mutation ; Probability ; *Models, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Computer Simulation ; Mutation Rate ; },
abstract = {Evolution during range expansions shapes biological systems from microbial communities and tumours to invasive species. A fundamental question is whether, when a beneficial mutation arises during a range expansion, it will evade clonal interference and sweep to fixation. However, most theoretical investigations of range expansions have considered regimes in which selective sweeps are effectively impossible, while studies of selective sweeps have assumed constant population size or ignored spatial structure. Here we use mathematical modelling and analysis to investigate selective sweep probabilities and timings in biologically relevant scenarios, including the case in which mutants can displace a slowly spreading wildtype. Assuming constant expansion speed, we find surprisingly simple approximate and exact expressions for sweep probabilities in one, two and three dimensions, which are independent of mutation rate. Agent-based simulations confirm that our predictions are accurate for the spatial Moran process and remain informative when mutation effects on fitness are random and multiplicative. We further compare and synthesise our results with those obtained for alternative growth laws. Parameterised for human tumours, our model predicts that selective sweeps are rare except during early solid tumour growth, thus providing a general, pan-cancer explanation for findings from recent sequencing studies.},
}
@article {pmid41671357,
year = {2026},
author = {Capdevila, P and O'Brien, D and Marconi, V and Johnson, TF and Freeman, R and McRae, L and Clements, CF},
title = {Halting predicted vertebrate declines requires tackling multiple drivers of biodiversity loss.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {eadx7973},
pmid = {41671357},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; Animals ; *Vertebrates/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Climate Change ; Population Dynamics ; Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Conservation policies aiming to halt biodiversity loss often focus on globally prevalent threats like habitat loss and exploitation, yet direct and interactive effects of multiple threats remain poorly quantified. Here, we go beyond prior meta-analyses or species-level studies by providing a global, population-level empirical analysis of threat interactions by examining 3129 vertebrate population time series worldwide with documented exposure to single and multiple threats. Populations affected solely by habitat loss or exploitation do not exhibit the steepest declines; instead, disease, invasive species, pollution, and climate change are associated with faster declines. Interactive threats contribute more to population declines than temporal or spatial variation. Counterfactual analyses reveal that mitigating multiple threats is essential to achieving nonnegative vertebrate population trends and halting biodiversity loss.},
}
@article {pmid41671256,
year = {2026},
author = {Cole, JM and Balaguera-Reina, SA and Miller, MA and Cardozo, G and Chiaraviglio, M and Fitzgerald, LA and Naretto, S and Mazzotti, FJ},
title = {Fat reserve and body condition variation in Argentine black and white tegus: native-invasive comparisons and environmental drivers in Florida.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e0342916},
pmid = {41671256},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Florida ; Argentina ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Adipose Tissue ; Environment ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {Invasive species impose major ecological and economic costs on ecosystems and countries where introduced. To effectively manage Argentine black and white tegus (Salvator merianae) within their invasive range, it is important that management actions are based on species' biology. We estimated tegu percentage fat and body condition in native (Cordoba, Argentina) and non-native (South Florida, United States) populations and identified biological, temporal, and environmental variables that influence tegu body condition in South Florida. Large adult tegus in Cordoba had larger fat reserves than tegus in South Florida. However, body condition values were highly similar between the native and non-native range throughout the year, showing a well-adapted tegu population to South Florida environmental conditions. Generalized additive mixed models (size estimate = 2.67) showed very strong (p-value < 0.001) to moderate (p-value <0.01) evidence of Julian day, minimum temperature, and percentage fat individually affecting tegu body condition in South Florida (deviance explained 37%). The direction and magnitude of univariate effects varied from positive linear relationship (minimum temperature) impacting body condition up to 18% to negative (Julian day) and positive (percentage fat) monomodal relationships impacting body condition up to 24% and 6%, respectively. Our results provide insights as to how adaptable tegus are physiologically to novel environments and their capability to maintain body condition that is similar to, or better than that of native individuals. These findings can inform management in Florida by identifying seasonal windows when tegus' activity and condition may make them more susceptible to targeted removal.},
}
@article {pmid41671177,
year = {2026},
author = {Park, SC and Oster, LDS and Golan, J and Myers, J and Pringle, A and Drott, MT and Keller, NP},
title = {Leaderless RiPPs expand the repertoire of fungal secondary metabolites.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {7},
pages = {e2529748123},
pmid = {41671177},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {GM156119-01//HHS | NIH (NIH)/ ; 5062-21220-024-000D//USDA | Agricultural Research Service (ARS)/ ; },
mesh = {*Fungal Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; *Secondary Metabolism ; *Amanita/metabolism/genetics ; *Peptides/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; *Ribosomes/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; },
abstract = {Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, plants, animals, and fungi. Canonical fungal RiPP precursors possess a leader sequence cleaved during maturation. The first RiPPs described in fungi were the MSDIN-derived peptides responsible for the toxicity of lethal Amanita mushrooms. In this study, we upend the conventional understanding of fungal RiPPs, discovering a subclass that has diversified and lacks a leader sequence, an empirical example of leaderless RiPPs in fungi. We use a combinatorial analysis of NMR and MS/MS with an updated bioinformatic pipeline to pair MSDIN genes to leaderless peptides in Amanita phalloides, a European species spreading in California. Leaderless MSDIN transcripts are expressed several orders of magnitude more than most canonical MSDINs, with significantly higher expression in invasive populations. Our results redefine the understanding of fungal RiPP architectures and suggest differential regulation of non-canonical RiPPs may contribute to the invasion biology of the world's deadliest mushroom.},
}
@article {pmid41671167,
year = {2026},
author = {Ligocki, IY and Woodley, SS and Burke, SR},
title = {Distinct Behavioral Patterns Across a Non-Native Population of Gambusia affinis.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icag007},
pmid = {41671167},
issn = {1557-7023},
support = {6012204094//Faculty Professional Development Council, Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education/ ; #6012204085//Faculty Professional Development Council, Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education/ ; },
mesh = {*Cyprinodontiformes/physiology ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior ; Exploratory Behavior ; },
abstract = {In many species experiencing range expansion resulting from human activity, individuals at the range boundary may be phenotypically distinct from individuals of that species living in longer-established parts of their range. Despite a handful of cases suggesting these differences occur, little is known about how widespread this variation is across diverse invasive species, or whether and how such variation might facilitate the success of introduced species. In the present study, we identified subpopulations of the western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, in the lower Susquehanna River watershed in the eastern United States. We collected fish from three sites believed to differ in the time since their establishment. We introduced these fish to a series of behavioral tests to investigate variation in exploratory behavior, boldness, activity level, and sociality to determine (1) whether these subpopulations differed in these behaviors, (2) whether variation in any of these behaviors correlated with one another, and (3) whether subpopulations may differ in variation in these correlated behaviors. We found that fish collected from the longest established subpopulation were more active than fish in more recently established subpopulations. We found that high boldness, activity levels, and sociality correlated across subpopulations, but did not differ between them. Collectively, our results indicate that while subpopulations do differ in one behavioral measure, we did not find evidence of variation in correlated behaviors depending on the estimated time since establishment.},
}
@article {pmid41671056,
year = {2026},
author = {Ji, S and MacIsaac, HJ and Ding, C and Li, Y and Wang, J and Vannaphon, A and Lyu, J and Tao, J},
title = {Functional Vulnerability Arises From Unsteady Trait-Based Networks Despite High Redundancy.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {e70336},
doi = {10.1111/ele.70336},
pmid = {41671056},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {2025YFE0121600//National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China-Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project/ ; 42271066//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42077447//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202401AS070147//Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects/ ; //NSERC Discovery/ ; //Canada Research Chair in Aquatic Invasive Species/ ; //Chinese Scholarship Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; Rivers ; *Models, Biological ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Asia, Southeastern ; *Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Theoretical models suggest that community functional redundancy buffers functional vulnerability because functions of lost species may be compensated by others, yet empirical evidence demonstrates this buffering effect to be weak. We hypothesised that this weak effect arises from differences in the structural arrangement of redundancy within communities. Therefore, we developed 'community functional structural steadiness', a network-based metric characterising structural arrangements by quantifying variability in the impacts of species loss on community functional structure. We calculated functional redundancy, vulnerability and structural steadiness for fish communities across the Lancang-Mekong River basin in Southeast Asia and analysed their interrelationships using linear regressions, mixed-effects models and piecewise structural equation modelling. Structural steadiness improved predictions of vulnerability beyond redundancy alone, and communities with unsteady structure exhibited high vulnerability despite high redundancy. Conservation efforts should seek to identify structurally unsteady communities and prioritise protection of functionally unique species, particularly in biodiversity-rich regions.},
}
@article {pmid41669773,
year = {2026},
author = {Erkinaro, J and Orell, P and Fossøy, F and Kytökorpi, M and Gjelland, K and Johansen, N and Domaas, S and Kuusela, J and Fagard, P and Frøiland, E and Falkegård, M},
title = {Rapid increase in abundance and distribution of invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) within a diverse, large Barents Sea catchment.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70348},
pmid = {41669773},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//Luonnonvarakeskus/ ; //Norsk institutt for naturforskning/ ; //Milj&#xf8;direktoratet/ ; //Maa- ja Mets&#xe4;talousministeri&#xd6;/ ; },
abstract = {Pink salmon originate from the North Pacific area but were introduced into northwest Russia from the late 1950s onwards. Since 2017, the alien species has increased dramatically in abundance and rapidly invaded adjacent areas of the North Atlantic region. In the large Teno River in northernmost Norway and Finland, running to the Barents Sea, various monitoring methods originally designed for assessment of Atlantic salmon populations have been used to observe the development in abundance and distribution of pink salmon in the main stem and in a number of tributaries. In addition, environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling has enabled monitoring of these trends across an even wider set of tributaries. The first observations of pink salmon were made in the 1960s, and variable but mostly low catches were recorded in the following decades. In recent years, the total number of pink salmon entering the Teno system increased rapidly from c. 5000 in 2017 to c. 180,000 in 2023. Initially, the invading pink salmon were occupying the main stem, large tributaries and headwater rivers of the catchment, even up to a distance of 250-350 km from the sea. However, in recent years, a greater number of smaller tributaries have been occupied as demonstrated by eDNA detections and other observations. The largest spawning aggregations of pink salmon have been observed in the main stem of the Teno River. Future development in the abundance and dispersal of pink salmon in the Teno system depends strongly on the extent and success of the mitigation efforts in intercepting and removing pink salmon by a weir and trap close to the estuary.},
}
@article {pmid41668993,
year = {2026},
author = {Satdichanh, M and Ostertag, R and Harrigan, W and Belcaid, M and Barton, KE},
title = {Plant Litter Trait Variation Between Native and Invasive Species Across Steep Climate Gradients in the Hawaiian Islands.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73030},
pmid = {41668993},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Oceanic islands have high biodiversity, which is severely threatened by invasive species. Functional traits serve as a framework to investigate invasive-native dynamics, but most studies investigating native-invasive plant functional trait differences on islands focus on live foliage traits, while litter traits remain understudied. It is hypothesized that invasive species produce higher quality litter (e.g., high nutrient content, low tannins and leaf mass per area) than native species, and furthermore, that this high-quality litter decomposes more rapidly, in turn providing a positive feedback that facilitates their expansion. To investigate native vs. invasive plant litter quality in a highly endemic island flora, we conducted a systematic review to synthesize litter trait data from Hawai'i. To account for the extensive heterogeneity that occurs across the Hawaiian Islands, litter trait variability was synthesized with respect to elevation and climate gradients. Litter quality varies extensively across the Hawaiian Islands in native and invasive species. Although invasive plants have higher quality litter than native species overall, species origin accounts for relatively little trait variance, and native and invasive species overlap considerably in litter multivariate trait space. Moreover, intraspecific variation exceeds interspecific variation, highlighting the important role of environmental heterogeneity for widespread species. Climate influences native and invasive litter quality in distinct ways, leading to a reversal in strategy across climate gradients. When controlling for the full direct effects of climate, native and invasive plant litter traits are not significantly different. Climate heterogeneity, more than plant species origin, plays a key role in shaping plant litter trait variation and resource-use strategies at the landscape or archipelago scale. Litter quality could be more commonly sampled as part of the functional syndrome of plants and for a better understanding of how traits differ between native and invasive plants.},
}
@article {pmid41668659,
year = {2026},
author = {Lesku, JA and Aulsebrook, AE},
title = {Challenges for wildlife seeking sleep in a disturbed world.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {229},
number = {Suppl_1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.250835},
pmid = {41668659},
issn = {1477-9145},
mesh = {Animals ; *Sleep/physiology ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; Noise/adverse effects ; Anthropogenic Effects ; },
abstract = {Sleep serves many functions that enable effective performance of the awake animal. Failure to obtain adequate sleep leads to lapses in motivation, attention and reaction times, coordination, and learning and memory. How do animals living in modified landscapes obtain their daily amount of sleep in the presence of pollution and anthropogenic disturbance? We review a subset of the studies examining if, and how, animals sleep in this disturbed world with a focus on artificial light at night, urban noise, psychoactive pollutants in waterways, agricultural practices, introduced species and a warming world. We highlight gaps in understanding and prescribe areas for future work. Notably, there is limited knowledge on truly wild animals, as well as the functional consequences of disrupted sleep for the efficacy of waking performance, fitness and survival. We close with ideas for mitigation, including tips that are achievable locally, by individuals. Such efforts will make it easier for wildlife to sleep soundly.},
}
@article {pmid41668361,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, G and Liu, M and Zheng, Z and Yang, Z and Liu, Y and Li, C and Smagghe, G},
title = {From plant to predator: glyphosate trophic transfer harms ladybird physiology and reproduction.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70656},
pmid = {41668361},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science) (QKHJC-ZK[2023]-019)/ ; //the Special Funding of Doctoral Research Startup Fund of Guiyang College [GYU-KY-(2026)]/ ; //the Guizhou Province Science and Technology Basic Project [QKHJC-ZK (2023) 018]/ ; //Guizhou Province High-level Talent Innovation Program (ZKH-GCC) [2023]021/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the increasing use of glyphosate, residues have been detected in many organisms, raising concerns about impacts on animal health and ecosystems. The present study addressed the biological question: How does glyphosate exposure, at environmentally relevant and higher concentrations, affect the survival, growth, reproduction, and carbohydrate metabolism of the ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), a key natural enemy of aphid pests? To simulate food chain contamination, aphids were fed glyphosate-sprayed broad bean seedlings and then fed to H. axyridis.<br><br>RESULTS: Glyphosate residues were found throughout the broad bean-aphid-ladybird system, with the highest levels in broad bean roots (85&#x2009;mg/L) and adult ladybirds (74&#x2009;mg/L). Exposure to glyphosate concentrations &#x2265;&#x2009;50&#x2009;mg/L affects the growth and development of H. axyridis, with higher concentrations having a considerable impact. Concentrations &#x2265;&#x2009;100&#x2009;mg/L significantly decreased oviposition and egg hatching rates. At the molecular level, glyphosate exposure caused down-regulation of the TRE1-1 gene during the fourth instar, pupa, and adult stages, along with decreased trehalase activity and increased trehalose content, indicating disrupted carbohydrate metabolism. Glucose and glycogen levels remained unaffected.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This combination of trophic transfer assays and molecular analyses clarifies glyphosate's detrimental effects on a key beneficial predator, emphasizing the importance of cautious herbicide management for preserving natural pest control services and maintaining ecological balance in agricultural ecosystems. This is a measure that can help mitigate the cascading risks of herbicide misuse to field-level biological pest suppression. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41666268,
year = {2026},
author = {Pardo-Araujo, M and Kotov, E and Alonso, D and Bartumeus, F},
title = {Understanding Mosquito Vector Invasion Pathways: Synergistic Effects of Human Mobility, Climate and Natural Dispersal.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {e70317},
pmid = {41666268},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {101086640//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; 874735//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; PID2021-127202NB-C21//Spanish Research Ministry (MICIU)/ ; HR19-00336//'la Caixa' Banking Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology ; Humans ; Spain ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Animal Distribution ; Climate Change ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Climate ; Dengue/transmission ; },
abstract = {Mosquito-borne diseases are rising globally, driven in part by the expanding range of invasive vector species. However, the mechanisms underlying their spread remain poorly understood, largely due to limited and inconsistent data. Here, we integrate high-resolution human mobility data with a thermo-biologically realistic metapopulation model to investigate the colonisation dynamics of the dengue vector, Aedes albopictus, using 20 years of invasion data from Spain. Our results reveal the dual role of humans: as architects of climate change, making local environments increasingly suitable, and as vehicles of dispersal, inadvertently transporting this vector across regions. The spread occurs through a fragmented human mobility network, while natural dispersal bridges gaps between connected areas, enabling faster and more continuous expansion. These findings underscore the importance of considering the synergistic effects of climate, human movement, and natural dispersal when forecasting future range expansions and designing coordinated, multi-scale vector control strategies in an era of rapid environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid41660055,
year = {2026},
author = {Brito, LDS and Thomaz, SM and Teixeira, H and Lillebø, AI},
title = {Ex-situ growth protocol for the invasive macrophyte Pontederia crassipes.},
journal = {MethodsX},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {103800},
pmid = {41660055},
issn = {2215-0161},
abstract = {Pontederia crassipes is known for its asexual reproduction and rapid growth. Outside its native range, it has been identified as an environmental threat, while it has also been widely used for ex-situ phytoremediation. To understand both its invasive potential and its phytoremediation capacity, it is necessary to examine the environmental factors that favor its growth beyond those already described in the literature, such as water temperature and nutrient availability. Previous studies also suggest that alkalinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, water depth and pH. These variables help define the species niche and highlight the importance of distinguishing between its fundamental niche, the full set of abiotic conditions that support growth and its realized niche, which reflects biotic interactions and local constraints. However, the scientific literature does not yet provide sufficient description of the ex-situ experimental conditions required for the successful cultivation of this aquatic plant in controlled settings. This protocol therefore reports the results and lessons learned from a series of mesocosm experiments. By standardizing procedures and documenting growth outcomes, the protocol enhances reproducibility, facilitates comparisons across studies and supports both basic and applied research on P. crassipes.},
}
@article {pmid41659964,
year = {2025},
author = {Gethöffer, F and Schöttes, FM and Reuschel, M and Wohlsein, P and Beineke, A and Siebert, U},
title = {Trap-related injuries in coypus (Myocastor coypus) and raccoons (Procyon lotor)-an approach to improve animal welfare in live trapping.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1752107},
pmid = {41659964},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {Live trapping is a common method in wildlife research and management, yet it poses inherent risks to animal welfare. This study systematically evaluated injury incidence and severity in coypus (Myocastor coypus) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) captured using three commercially available live trap types: a standard wooden box trap (WBT), a metallic, sheet metal trap (SMT), and a wire grid trap (WGT). A total of 55 coypus and 45 raccoons were examined following a trap confinement duration of a maximum of six hours. Injuries were assessed using standardized necropsy protocols and categorized by anatomical location, severity, and presumed cause. Results showed species-specific injury patterns, with raccoons exhibiting more frequent and severe injuries than coypus. Raccoons primarily sustained skin lesions and dental trauma, consistent with their manipulative, escape-oriented behavior, while coypu injuries were predominantly localized to the snout and incisors. Although not statistically significant, trap design influenced injury profiles: the WBT was associated with severe injuries in raccoons, particularly to the forelimbs and dentition, while the WGT prompted intense escape behaviors without a proportional increase in trauma. The SMT resulted in fewer external injuries but did present species-specific risks, such as claw-abrasion and tail entrapment. Approximately 93% of raccoons and 55% of coypus exhibited external injuries, including 14 severe cases and 5 confirmed fractures. These findings underscore the importance of species-specific trap assessment and design optimization to mitigate animal suffering. Given the limitations of traditional injury scoring systems and behavioral indicators when applied to wild animals, this study highlights the need for integrated, evidence-based welfare assessments in field settings. Future research should prioritize refinement of trapping methods and standardized welfare evaluation frameworks to support ethical and effective wildlife management.},
}
@article {pmid41659763,
year = {2026},
author = {Petrone, A and Borges, PAV and Pereira, F and Elias, RB},
title = {New spatial records of vascular plants in the Azores Archipelago: the PRIBES project and the Azorean Biodiversity Portal (ABP) initiatives - I. São Jorge Island (Azores).},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e167704},
pmid = {41659763},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Azores Archipelago is known for its important natural heritage, yet its ecosystems face a "green tsunami" in the form of numerous exotic and invasive species. This influx has wrought serious biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services, representing one of the greatest threats to conservation across the islands. Originating from accelerated global trade and travel, these invasions impact human activities, public health and economic sectors alike. The PRIBES project intends to contribute to "The Regional Strategy for the Management of Terrestrial and Freshwater Exotic and Invasive Species in the Azores" (PRIBES-LIFE-IP- Estratégia regional para o controlo e prevenção de espécies exóticas invasoras - no âmbito do projeto LIFE IP AZORES NATURA, LIFE17 IPE/PT/000010). Recently, a plan was delivered to the Azorean government that proposes as key strategy: an unified Azores Invasive Species Task Force, a central coordination unit and island-level focal points defined clear leadership roles for agencies and stakeholders (Axis 1), while stringent pre-export controls, quarantine measures and risk analyses blocked new arrivals (Axis 2); parallel early-detection teams and citizen-science networks screened ports, airports and nurseries and triggered rapid eradication protocols (Axis 3), guided by a tiered framework of eradication, containment, control and mitigation chosen on feasibility and cost-benefit grounds (Axis 4). Simultaneously, national and international partnerships with IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) ISSG (Invasive Species Specialist Group), CABI (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International) and other island regions fostered data exchange (Axis 5), targeted scientific research investigated invasion pathways and management efficacy (Axis 6) and a central observatory consolidated occurrence records and risk assessments (Axis 7). Meanwhile, outreach campaigns, industry training and school programmes rallied public awareness (Axis 8). The AZORES BIOPORTAL (ABP) is a regional e-infrastructure dedicated to the mobilisation, curation and dissemination of biodiversity data from the Azores. It provides centralised data repository for researchers, policy-makers and educators; validated species checklists, including endemic, native and introduced species; integration with national and international biodiversity networks, including PORBIOTA, GBIF and LifeWatch ERIC; and tools for data visualisation and access, supporting conservation, ecological research and environmental management. ABP follows the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and supports open science. Mapping the occurrence of both native (endemic and non endemic) and exotic species is of key importance for the PRIBES project and the ABP intiative.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: A total of 243 vascular plant taxa were recorded across S&#xe3;o Jorge Island, encompassing 89 families. These records correspond to 4,524 individual plant occurrences, including repeated observations of the same species across different sites. As each photographic observation is tied to unique geographic coordinates, all recorded specimens represent new spatial records for the Island's flora. Amongst the taxa, 53 are considered endemic to the Azores, 131 are introduced, 58 are native and one species (Dracaena draco (L.) L.) is of indeterminate status. These correspond to 1,773 individual occurrences of endemic taxa, 1779 introduced, 970 native and one with indeterminate status. At the family level, 31 families include endemic taxa, 63 include introduced taxa, 34 include native taxa and one family contains a taxon of indeterminate status.The inventory includes several noteworthy Azorean endemics, spanning both ferns and flowering plants. Amongst the ferns, notable records include Crisped Buckler Fern Dryopteris crispifolia Rasbach, Reichst. &amp; Vida, Azorean Buckler Fern Dryopteris azorica (Christ) Alston and Azorean Rockcap Fern Polypodium macaronesicum subsp. azoricum (Vasc.) Rumsey, Carine &amp; Robba. Iconic flowering species and woody endemics recorded during the survey comprise Azorean Cherry Prunus lusitanica subsp. azorica (Mouill.) Franco, Azorean Buckthorn Frangula azorica Grubov, Azorean Eyebright Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst. ex Seub., Azorean Greater-hawkbit Leontodon filii (Hochst. ex Seub.) Paiva &amp; Ormonde and Narrow-lipped Butterfly Orchid Platanthera micrantha (Hochst. ex Seub.) Schltr. Additional endemic taxa include Azorean Dock Rumex azoricus Rech.f., Azorean Holly Ilex azorica Gand., Azorean Umbrella Milkwort Tolpis azorica (Nutt.) P. Silva and the hemiparasitic Azorean Dwarf Mistletoe Arceuthobium azoricum Wiens &amp; Hawksw. Other significant native species recorded include the ferns Wilson's Filmy-fern Hymenophyllum wilsonii Hook., Killarney Fern Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G.Kunkel and Scaly Tongue-fern Elaphoglossum hirtum (Sw.) C.Chr., Cretan Thyme Thymus caespititius Brot., Many-stalked Spike-rush Eleocharis multicaulis (Sm.) Desv. and the more common native Firetree Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur.Amongst the most problematic surveyed exotic invasive plant species are the Ginger Lily Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker-Gawl., Knotweed Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross, Bigleaf Hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser., Crofton Weed Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King &amp; H.Rob., Australian Cheesewood Pittosporum undulatum Vent. and the Wandering Jew Tradescantia fluminensis Vell., as well as the American Pokeweed Phytolacca americana L.},
}
@article {pmid41656462,
year = {2026},
author = {Qi, S and Shu, Z and Naz, M and Li, Y and Zhang, R and Ren, G and Zhai, D and Wei, W and Fu, W and Dai, Z and Du, D},
title = {Chemical armed allies promote plant resistance to pathogen: The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to an invasive weed.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {5},
pmid = {41656462},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {32171509//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32401311//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32271587//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202510299026//National College Student Innovation Training Program/ ; PAPD//Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions/ ; SS2024006//Drug Efficacy and Health Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang/ ; 2024YFF1307500//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; BK20220030//Carbon peak and carbon neutrality technology innovation foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/drug effects ; *Plant Weeds/microbiology/drug effects ; *Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology ; Introduced Species ; Gibberellins/pharmacology ; *Glomeromycota/physiology ; Triazoles/pharmacology ; *Disease Resistance ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Invasive weeds often possess strong resistance to biotic stresses, which causes huge ecological problems. Both plant growth regulators (PGRs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi contribute to plant growth and resistance. However, their combined interactions in invasive plants' defense remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides was treated with gibberellins (GA) and paclobutrazol (PAC), inoculated with Clariodeoglous etunicatum to test its response to pathogenic fungi. We found that these two PGRs suppressed AM fungi colonization. Both GA and AM fungi significantly promoted aboveground plant growth, while the two PGRs and AM fungi reduced pathogen infection. Metabolite analysis revealed that AM fungi inoculation significantly elevated vanillic acid, gentisic acid, and pomiferin content. Moreover, flavone, organic acid, and amino acids were positively related with plant growth, while jasmonic acid and amino acids were correlated with plant resistance. Our findings provide direct evidence that, through PGRs and metabolites, AM fungi could be "chemical armed" and contribute to plant growth and resistance to pathogens. These findings offer new insights into how PGRs and AM fungi modulate metabolites to enhance invasive plants' resistance, which might contribute to understanding the mechanism of plant invasion and weed management in agro-ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid41655927,
year = {2026},
author = {Verardi, A and Lamanna, R and Sposato, C and Samperna, S and Mammolenti, D and Coppola, G and Mileti, O and Lopresto, CG and Palazzo, S and Sangiorgio, P},
title = {Impact of thermal pre-treatment on the extraction efficiency and physicochemical profile of chitin from blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) carapace.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {347},
number = {},
pages = {150802},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.150802},
pmid = {41655927},
issn = {1879-0003},
mesh = {*Chitin/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; Animals ; *Brachyura/chemistry ; *Animal Shells/chemistry ; *Chemical Phenomena ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Thermogravimetry ; *Temperature ; Cooking ; },
abstract = {The Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), an invasive species spreading in the Mediterranean, produces substantial shell by-products. This study examines the impact of thermal pre-treatment (cooking) on the extraction and physicochemical properties of chitin from crab carapaces. Fresh and cooked samples were subjected to a stepwise acid-alkali protocol under mild conditions. The resulting chitins were evaluated through gravimetric yield and multiparametric characterisation, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. In both samples, the results confirmed the α-chitin allomorph with a high degree of acetylation (≈ 97%), identical molecular features, and a 35% degree of crystallinity. Morphological analysis revealed similar fibrillar architectures with local porosity and a more compact organisation in chitin from cooked carapaces. Chitin in cooked samples had a lower ash content (1.2%) compared to fresh samples (13.4%), indicating higher purity. Chitin recovery was significantly higher for cooked carapace (~17%) than for fresh carapace (~14%) (p < 0.05). Overall, thermal pretreatment enhances demineralisation efficiency, enabling effective chitin recovery under diluted acid conditions. This study demonstrates that cooked blue crab carapaces provide a more efficient feedstock for industrial chitin production, supporting circular bioeconomy strategies to valorise invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41654735,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, Y and Jia, T and Zhu, W and Fan, L},
title = {Characteristics comparative of gut microbiota in four small mammal species co-occurring in the Hengduan Mountains: differences in environmental adaptation strategies between alien and endemic species.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12866-026-04820-3},
pmid = {41654735},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {32560262//National Natural Scientific Foundation of China/ ; 202401AS070039//Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects/ ; },
abstract = {The composition of gut microbiota is jointly determined by the host's food habit, ecological niche, and genetic background, serving as a direct reflection of the host's adaptation to its environment and evolutionary pressures. To investigate the distinct adaptation mechanisms of four sympatric small mammal species in the Hengduan Mountains region, this study compared the environmental adaptation strategies of endemic and alien species. This study collected ten wild specimens each of the Eothenomys miletus, Eothenomys oliter, Tupaia belangeri, and Apodemus chevrieri from Yunlong County, Yunnan Province. Using 16SrRNA gene sequencing technology, we analyzed the gut microbial composition, abundance, and community structure across species, investigating the distinct gut microbial community characteristics between the endemic species (E. miletus and E. oliter) and the alien species (T. belangeri and A. chevrieri.). Results indicate: E. miletus and E. oliter possess complex and diverse gut microbial communities with plant-degrading functions. These communities with sparse interactions are capable of utilizing multiple plant sources for nutrition and exhibit strong resilience against environmental disturbances. In contrast, T. belangeri and A.chevrieri exhibit simple, specialized, yet tightly cooperative omnivorous gut microbial communities. While capable of utilizing diverse food resources within specific adaptive environments, they demonstrate extreme specificity in adaptation to particular habitats or survival strategies and are relatively sensitive to external disturbances. Furthermore, the E. miletus, widely distributed across the Hengduan Mountains, its gut bacterial community is dominated by stochastic processes. In contrast, the T. belangeri shows a positive correlation with various gut bacteria associated with omnivorous characteristics. The distinction between these two distinct environmental adaptation strategies is particularly pronounced. In summary, Among these four sympatric small mammal species in the Hengduan Mountains, the gut microbiota of endemic and alien species showed high similarity respectively and exhibited convergence.},
}
@article {pmid41654641,
year = {2026},
author = {Mulatu, A and Edmealem, K and Tesema, HA and Alem, S and Eshete, A},
title = {Species diversity and grass cover change following the invasion of Lantana camara in a woodland ecosystem.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41654641},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The objective of this paper is to analyze the species diversity change following the invasion of L. camara and grass coverage in the woodland in the Somaline Region, Ethiopia. To achieve the objectives, two adjusted sites were selected (invaded and non-invaded); at each site, a five-transect line with a distance of 500 m was established. In this transect line, 30 plots with a size of 20 m * 20 m and a distance of 200 m were established for collecting tree and shrub data, while seedlings, saplings, and herbaceous data were collected in a 1 m * 1 m plot. Diversity indices were used for the data analysis. The study result indicates that 23 species with 12 families of herb, grass, shrub, and tree species were identified in the study area. The comparison of the Shannon diversity index and evenness showed that the non-invaded site demonstrated more diversity as compared to the invaded site. Additionally, the correlation result indicates that the rate of L. camara invasion negatively correlates with the Shannon diversity index and evenness, with a correlation coefficient of -0.78 (p = 0.00) and - 0.73 (p = 0.00), respectively. Furthermore, grass and herb coverage: the non-invaded area has high grass and herb coverage with 77.7 ± 12.3, while the invaded area has 29.9 ± 17. In addition, the correlation results indicated that the rate of L. camara invasion had an adverse effect on grass and herb coverage. The invasion of L. camara leads to a decline in species diversity, the number of seedlings and saplings, and grass and herb cover in the study area. Consequently, future research explores the specific interactions between L. camara and native species to better understand the impact of this invasion on local ecosystems, as well as its effects on soil nutrients, microbial communities, and overall composition.},
}
@article {pmid41653722,
year = {2026},
author = {Akasaka, M and Nakada, S},
title = {Enhancing the effectiveness of behavioral intervention through high-performing media and the RE-AIM framework: Randomized field experiments on reducing unintentional propagule introduction.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {401},
number = {},
pages = {128765},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128765},
pmid = {41653722},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Humans ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Limiting biological invasions is essential for conserving biodiversity and sustainable future. Preventing human-vectored introductions, especially into ecologically important areas, is recognized as critical; however, quantitative evidence on effective interventions, including those targeting behavioral change, is scarce. Moreover, beyond preventing biological invasion, the impact of the medium through which behavioral interventions are delivered on their effectiveness remains poorly understood in conservation. Here using the case of seed introduction into mountainous regions via footwear, we compared the effectiveness of behavioral interventions through cleaning stations equipped with five types of footwear-cleaning tools with overall participants. Specifically, we adopted the RE-AIM framework and evaluate effectiveness of the tools from three dimensions. While the same behavioral messages and intervention devices were used in all cases, the proportion of seeds removed using the cleaning station and the proportion of visitors who spontaneously used the cleaning station varied substantially across the tools used in the cleaning station. This resulted in significant differences in the proportion of seed interception by visitors' voluntary use of the cleaning station. Notably, cleaning stations equipped with a side-brushed scrubber showed the highest performance, intercepting an estimated 55% of seeds that would otherwise be introduced, even without enforcement. Moreover, the intention to use cleaning tools differed among tools, and was primarily constrained by perceived temporal and mental burdens. Our results highlighted the importance of medium in the conservation behavioral interventions. We also suggest utility of the framework in conservation for evaluating and reporting intervention effectiveness, and identifying priority areas for improvement.},
}
@article {pmid41652891,
year = {2026},
author = {Guo, K and Liu, X and Zhang, L and Liu, X and Su, X and Zhang, X and Zhou, X},
title = {Mycophagy-driven virulence attenuation in serially subcultured pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70645},
pmid = {41652891},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, an invasive species, drives pine wilt disease epidemics in coniferous ecosystems. During long-term in vitro subculture, the virulence of this nematode strongly attenuated. In this study, we investigated how sustained mycophagous subculture drives adaptive shifts that reduce B. xylophilus virulence.<br><br>RESULTS: In pathogenicity assays, the mortality of Pinus thunbergii seedlings reduced by 70% with 180-day subcultured nematodes compared to non-subcultured in vivo populations. Adult body size (25-49% decrease in length; female: from 1207 to 907&#x2009;&#x3bc;m; male: from 1348 to 688&#x2009;&#x3bc;m) and thrashing frequency (by 62.8%) decreased, but female-biased sex ratio increased (from 0.94:1 to 2.08:1). Integrated omics analyses identified 702 differentially expressed genes, with subcultured nematodes exhibiting up-regulation of spliceosome/ribosome biogenesis pathways and down-regulation of phytophagy-associated systems (e.g., G protein-coupled receptor activity and xenobiotic metabolism). Notably, 50 differentially expressed microRNAs target developmental and signal transduction genes, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of adaptive traits. Metabolomics revealed consumption of defense-linked tyrosine derivatives in vivo and accumulation of growth-promoting metabolites in vitro.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Mycophagy-driven adaptation attenuates phytophagous traits essential for host invasion, such as chemoreception and detoxification machinery, thereby offering promising targets for RNA interference to manage pine wilt disease. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41652665,
year = {2026},
author = {Stewart, PS and Barwell, LJ and Turvey, K and Barbrook, J and Green, S and Pérez-Sierra, A and Purse, BV and Chapman, D},
title = {Patterns and Drivers of Pest and Disease Occurrence in UK Treescapes.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {e70706},
pmid = {41652665},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {NE/V020005/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {United Kingdom ; *Trees/parasitology ; *Plant Diseases ; Forests ; Animals ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {Tree pests and diseases are a key threat to woodland biodiversity and commercial forestry worldwide. In the UK, the ongoing spread of pests and diseases is severely affecting a range of nationally important tree species, resulting in substantial ecological and economic impacts. As the risk posed by pests and diseases varies across the UK's treescapes, understanding the patterns of risk and the factors underlying these patterns is crucial for designing and implementing effective mitigation strategies. To address this challenge, we modelled the distribution of pests and diseases across mainland Great Britain, focusing on the total pest and disease burdens for nine host tree species of particular ecological, economic and cultural importance. Using integrated species distribution models, we combined two datasets-totalling 18,871 pest and disease records across 22 years-to model the spatial patterns of risk. To examine the factors underlying these distributions, we used graph-based causal inference approaches to inform our model design and to explore the robustness of our conclusions to variations in our modelling assumptions. We found that pest and disease burdens for broadleaved host trees exhibited hotspots in England, while burdens for conifer hosts tended to be high in Scotland. We identified urban area, human population density and local recreation as important drivers for several species, mainly native broadleaves. By contrast, woodland connectivity, afforestation and the level of conifer coverage were the most important drivers of pest and disease burdens for conifer hosts. Deforestation was also an important driver, with effects on pest and disease burdens for both conifers and broadleaves. Our findings have implications for the management of the UK's treescapes in the face of continuing threats from tree pests and diseases, including supporting targeted surveillance and the prioritisation of tree species for future planting.},
}
@article {pmid41652186,
year = {2026},
author = {Mittan-Moreau, CS and Trumbo, D and Zamudio, KR},
title = {Complex range expansion and selective regime in the introduced Florida cane toad.},
journal = {Heredity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41652186},
issn = {1365-2540},
support = {81023/A001//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; N/A//Sigma Xi (Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society)/ ; N/A//Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (AWMF)/ ; },
abstract = {Introduced species that successfully establish in new areas are a powerful system for investigating the genetic, ecological, and adaptive processes underlying range expansion. Rhinella marina is the focus of many studies of invasion dynamics, rapid evolution, and range limits. However, comparatively little is known about the nearly simultaneous establishment of closely related R. horribilis in Florida, USA. We sequenced 280 individuals using double-digest restriction-associated DNAseq (ddRAD) to investigate the role of introduction history, standing genetic diversity, and adaptation in R. horribilis' establishment in Florida. We test the hypothesis of a single introduction event versus the alternative of several cryptic introductions. Second, we characterize population structure and genetic diversity to elucidate the roles of genetic bottlenecks and subsequent gene flow. Third, we use redundancy analyses to identify climate-associated genetic variants that may play a role in adaptation in Florida, which is colder than the cane toad's native range. Lastly, we analyze a morphological trait, limb length, to investigate potential evolution of dispersal at the range edge. We find evidence for a single introduction of R. horribilis and complex range expansion characterized by range-wide gene flow, a lack of isolation by distance or environment, and no range edge dispersal phenotype. We also find evidence of selection related to range-wide gradients of precipitation, temperature, and urbanization. Together, our results indicate that range-wide gene flow maintains genetic diversity and adaptive capacity, likely supporting the neotropical species' success in adapting to and establishing in this temperate environment.},
}
@article {pmid41651916,
year = {2026},
author = {Baek, JW and Kim, JI and Mun, MH and Kim, CB},
title = {Hyperparameter optimization to enhance the performance of deep learning models for the early detection of invasive turtles in Korea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41651916},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {NIBRE202505//the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Turtles/physiology/classification ; *Deep Learning ; Republic of Korea ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Invasive freshwater turtles are major drivers of biodiversity loss, underscoring the importance of early detection and management. However, it is challenging for experts to manually monitor a broad geographic area, necessitating support tools. Deep learning-based object detection models have displayed high performance in automating wildlife monitoring tasks. Furthermore, hyperparameter optimization, including optimizer selection and hyperparameter tuning, might further enhance performance by optimizing training settings to the dataset. In this study, an optimized model was developed to apply hyperparameter optimization to detect and classify six invasive turtle species in Korea from images. The optimized model was compared to a default model trained using the default optimizer and hyperparameters. The optimized model outperformed the default model, as indicated by the evaluations of mean average precision using a fixed intersection over union threshold of 0.5 (0.973 vs. 0.959) and a range of thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 0.95 (0.841 vs. 0.815). The classification accuracy of the optimized model reached 92.7%, exceeding that of the default model (89.9%). These findings highlight the utility of hyperparameter optimization and suggest that the proposed approach can support the early detection of invasive turtles, thereby enhancing to invasive species management.},
}
@article {pmid41650624,
year = {2026},
author = {An, R and Zelang, X and Wang, D and Liu, S and Lu, N and Ma, C and Bian, H and Sheng, L and Guan, J},
title = {Effects of biomass feedstock and hydrothermal temperature on the molecular composition and bioavailability of invasive plant-based hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {294},
number = {},
pages = {125497},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2026.125497},
pmid = {41650624},
issn = {1879-2448},
mesh = {*Biomass ; Temperature ; Lignin ; Carbon ; Introduced Species ; Biological Availability ; Plants ; Bioelectric Energy Sources ; },
abstract = {Hydrothermal carbonization demonstrates a potential for converting invasive plants into multifunctional carbonaceous material. Invasive plant-based hydrochar derived dissolved organic matter (HDOM) becomes an important source of anthropogenic dissolved organic matter, however, the molecular composition and bioavailability of HDOM and the controlling factors were not sufficiently revealed. Thus, in this study, a variety of invasive plants were selected to fabricate hydrochar at different hydrothermal temperatures to investigate the molecular composition via FT-ICR-MS and bioavailability based on microbial fuel cell system. The results indicated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) yield peaked at 200°C and pH fluctuated within a range of 5.0 ‒ 6.0. Along with the increase in hydrothermal temperature, macromolecular humic-like substances promoted via depolymerization, dehydration, and condensation of lignocellulose, likewise unsaturated-reduced molecules as well as the diversity of CHO group in HDOMs. Van Krevelen diagrams demonstrated highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds as lignin-like/CRAMs were the dominant components. Biomass feedstocks did not greatly alter the molecular distribution pattern of HDOMs. HDOMs were introduced into the microbial fuel cell system as the substitute carbon source of sodium acetate, according to the output voltage, HDOMs demonstrated a superior bioavailability, and the effects of biomass feedstocks and hydrothermal temperature were in line with the percentage of labile compounds (MLBL%). HDOMs may serve as a carbon substrate that upregulated catabolic pathways to enhance the bioavailability, and act as metabolic driver to promote the nitrogen removal efficiency via enhancing denitrification and anammox. Environmental implications of HDOMs based on molecular composition and bioavailability were further discussed. This work provided theoretical foundation for optimizing the hydrothermal carbonization of invasive plants and reducing the ecological risks of invasive plant-based hydrochar.},
}
@article {pmid41645269,
year = {2026},
author = {Alemayehu, G and Awoke, A and Kassa, Z},
title = {Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Shabelle Zone, Eastern Ethiopia.},
journal = {Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13002-026-00860-1},
pmid = {41645269},
issn = {1746-4269},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wild edible plants (WEPs) are essential for sustaining food security, nutrition, and cultural heritage, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In Shabelle Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, Somali communities depend heavily on natural vegetation for their daily sustenance. Despite their importance, detailed ethnobotanical documentation of these plants remains limited. This study therefore aimed to explore the diversity of WEPs, examine their patterns of use, document traditional knowledge associated with them, and assess their conservation status.<br><br>METHODS: Ethnobotanical data were collected from 120 purposively selected informants across five districts using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and guided field observations. Quantitative indices, including the Botanical Ethnoknowledge Index (BEI), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and Jaccard Similarity Index (JSI), were employed to evaluate species importance and knowledge patterns. Preference ranking, direct matrix ranking and priority ranking were used to determine species preference, multifunctionality, and perceived threats. Data analysis was performed using R software, and species were cross-checked against the IUCN Red List.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 57 WEP species representing 22 families were documented, with shrubs and trees predominating. Fruits were the most commonly consumed plant parts, while roots, tubers, leaves, stems, and resins were mainly used during periods of food scarcity. Traditional knowledge varied significantly across informant groups, with older, male, and less formally educated individuals exhibiting greater familiarity with WEPs. Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell., and Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. emerged as highly preferred and multipurpose species. Key threats included overharvesting, habitat degradation, climate variability, intensive grazing, and invasive species. Notably, Boswellia ogadensis Vollesen (Critically Endangered), Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., and Commiphora cyclophylla Chiov. (Vulnerable) were identified as threatened species, highlighting the urgent need for targeted conservation interventions to safeguard their survival.<br><br>CONCLUSION: WEPs are integral to local diets, food security, and cultural heritage in Shabelle Zone. Promoting the sustainable use and cultivation of high-value species, while integrating indigenous knowledge with in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies, is essential to safeguard these resources for future generations.},
}
@article {pmid41643303,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, J and Wang, H and Gao, J and Lv, G and Yang, H and Liu, Y and Yang, H},
title = {Gut microbiota and metabolic adaptations in apple snails Pomacea canaliculata: Insights into cold tolerance.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {310},
number = {},
pages = {119822},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.119822},
pmid = {41643303},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {Animals ; *Snails/physiology/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Cold Temperature ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; Lipid Metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Acclimatization ; },
abstract = {Ample evidence highlights the pivotal role of gut microbiota in facilitating invasive species' adaptation to harsh environments. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated regulation of host metabolism and cold tolerance in snails remain elusive. Herein, we adopted a multidisciplinary approach to elucidate how gut microbiota contribute to cold tolerance in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. Under cold stress, high-latitude Group H snails had higher survival rate, energy level, and antioxidant enzyme activity than low-latitude Group G. After 60 h at 0 ℃, the survival rate of Group H increased by 5.53 times compared to that of Group G. Notably, 14 proteins related to fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism, such as fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit (PDHE1), and aldo-keto reductase (AKR), were significantly upregulated. Group H exhibited higher abundances of psychrotrophs (Frackibacter, Massilia), lipid metabolism-related microbes (Herbiconiux, Achromobacter), and lactic acid bacteria (Aerococcus, Vagocococcus), boosting lipid metabolism and energy supply. Metabolomics showed increased synthesis of 19 long-chain fatty acids. Correlation analysis identified significant correlations among snail proteins, gut microbiota, and metabolites. Gut microbial responses modulated host fatty acid synthesis-related proteins, promoting fatty acid metabolite accumulation, enhancing energy supply and cell membrane fluidity, and collectively improving apple snails' cold tolerance. This study highlights the critical role of gut microbiota in mediating cold tolerance in apple snails, providing novel insights into invasive species' adaptation to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41642451,
year = {2026},
author = {Mito, MD and Benti, NE and Green, L and Geleto, SD and Asfaw, SL},
title = {Impact of anthropogenic pollution on lake ecosystem: a review of Koka and Ziway lakes in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41642451},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Lakes Koka and Ziway in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia are essential socio-ecological systems that provide water for domestic use, irrigation, hydropower, and fisheries, while also sustaining diverse biological communities. However, these lakes are under severe ecological stress due to intensifying anthropogenic pollution from industrial, agricultural, and urban sources. This review synthesizes multidisciplinary evidence on pollution sources, types, and ecological consequences, focusing on impacts to water quality and ecosystem services. Physicochemical data reveal that concentrations of heavy metals, nutrients, and organic pollutants regularly exceed World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, with alarming levels of nitrate, phosphate, lead, chromium, and cadmium observed in both lakes. Agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, and untreated municipal wastewater emerge as primary pollution sources. These contaminants drive eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and the decline of fisheries, thereby undermining livelihoods and exacerbating water insecurity. Invasive species such as water hyacinth further degrade aquatic habitats, while sedimentation alters hydrological dynamics. The review highlights the flowing impacts of pollution on ecosystem services, including disruption of water supply, economic loss, and health risks. It also identifies knowledge gaps and emphasizes the need for integrated watershed governance, investment in wastewater treatment technologies, adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, and enhanced community participation. The review underscores the urgency of adopting a multisectoral response grounded in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), emphasizing collaborative governance, technological innovation, and community-led stewardship as pathways to restore and sustain the health and services of lake ecosystems in the CRV.},
}
@article {pmid41641645,
year = {2026},
author = {Beshai, RA and Bourdeau, PE and Ladah, LB and Lorda, J and Sorte, CJB},
title = {Applying invasion biology frameworks to predict the impacts of range-expanding predators.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {e70315},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70315},
pmid = {41641645},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {2124438//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; P200A210001//Office of Postsecondary Education/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; *Thoracica/physiology ; *Bivalvia/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Food Chain ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Global change is causing a widespread redistribution of species, and novel species are expected to impact populations in their recipient communities. Theory from invasion biology provides a framework to predict the impacts of range-shifting species. Specifically, the impacts of invasive predators are expected to be nonlinear (greatest per capita effects at low densities) and to be greater in their invaded ranges when compared to their historical ranges. For range-shifting species, we hypothesized that impacts would similarly be nonlinearly related to abundance and that impacts in the expanded range would be greater than those in the historical range (due to prey naivety and/or enemy release). Our alternative hypothesis was that impacts would be consistent between historical and expanded ranges (due to the potential for historical coevolutionary interactions with species in the expanded range). To test the applicability of this framework with range-shifting species, we conducted observational surveys and manipulative experiments in the historical and expanded ranges of two predators undergoing poleward expansions, the whelks Acanthinucella spirata and Mexacanthina lugubris. We assessed impacts on prey (acorn barnacles and mussels) abundance and community diversity and compared per capita impacts between regions. As with non-native invasive species, we found that both whelks reduced the abundance of prey species; however, our results supported a linear relationship and no decrease in per capita effect on prey with increasing density of the shifting predator, and we did not observe consistent impacts of range-shifting whelks on community diversity. Finally, impacts in whelks' expanded ranges were generally consistent with those in historical ranges, with some potential for increased impact in the expanded range. By adapting invasion frameworks, our work revealed that abundance and impacts in the historical range are indicators of range-shift impacts that could inform anticipatory management responses to range shifts.},
}
@article {pmid41640395,
year = {2026},
author = {Deane, DC and Hui, C and McGeoch, M},
title = {An Ecological Definition and Objective Threshold for Differentiating Small Fragments.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73054},
pmid = {41640395},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {In an increasingly fragmented natural world, understanding how different ecological phenomena vary with patch size has many motivations. Examples include the assembly of biodiversity, ecosystem service provision and the suitability of fragments for habitat specialist species. A common approach to such questions divides fragments into small and large size classes for separate analysis. However, lack of an objective definition and means to differentiate 'small' from 'large' patches limits our ability to compare findings across studies, arguably impeding progress toward any unified views. Because larger and smaller fragments tend, on average, to respectively over-represent narrow- and wide-range species, an 'area for unbiased species representation' (AUSR) can be defined at some intermediate fragment size predicted to contain species at incidence frequencies approximating that of the overall landscape. A central tendency for AUSR has previously been estimated for patchy habitats (islands, habitat islands and fragments), providing a benchmark to compare this threshold of small fragment size between studies. However, if AUSR can be readily determined within individual study systems, it would also provide an objective threshold to separate small and large fragments under the AUSR definition. Here we assess this potential for 138 published datasets from various fragmented landscapes using an index comparing species incidence frequencies in each fragment with that of the overall landscape. Regressing this index on fragment area yielded an estimate for AUSR in over 90% of cases, suggesting broad applicability as an objective way to separate fragments into two size classes. Regression slopes provide further information on the relative representation of narrow- vs. wide-range species, with ~80% being numerically consistent with the overall negative trend. Requiring only the same data as the island species-area relationship, AUSR can provide useful insights on the relative importance of narrow- vs. wide-ranging species for studies of patch-size dependence in ecological phenomena.},
}
@article {pmid41640391,
year = {2026},
author = {Namgung, H and Kim, H},
title = {Potential Distribution of Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South Korea: An Ensemble Species Distribution Modeling Approach.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e72976},
pmid = {41640391},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Linepithema humile is a well-known invasive alien species that was first detected in 2019 at the cargo handling area of Busan Station in South Korea and has since established a population near the discovery site. Despite sufficient time for potential spread, no additional occurrence records have been reported outside the initial detection site. To predict its potential distribution across South Korea, we constructed species distribution models (SDMs) using occurrence data from its native range in South America and invasive range in North America. Modeling was conducted with the BIOMOD2 platform using five algorithms (ANN, GBM, MARS, MAXENT, and RF) and six environmental variables (Bio03, Bio04, Bio13, Bio16, Bio18, and the mean annual cumulative soil temperature degree-days above 15.9°C). Model performance was evaluated with Kappa, ROC, and TSS, and only models meeting thresholds (Kappa ≥ 0.7, ROC ≥ 0.7, and TSS ≥ 0.5) were used for ensemble modeling via EMmean, EMwmean, and EMca methods. Projection accuracy was assessed using chi-square tests based on occurrence data not used in model training. The predicted potential distribution included southern and southwestern coastal areas, which was consistent with the record in Busan. This study demonstrates the utility of SDMs trained on occurrence data from outside Korea in predicting the potential distribution of L. humile with limited domestic records and highlights high-risk areas beyond Busan. Such approaches may support early detection and management strategies in the initial stages of biological invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41638151,
year = {2026},
author = {Noor, S and Despland, E and Montoro Girona, M and Work, T},
title = {Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) community composition around different boreal infrastructures.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {400},
number = {},
pages = {128791},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128791},
pmid = {41638151},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera ; Quebec ; Forests ; Biodiversity ; Introduced Species ; Trees ; Wood ; },
abstract = {Wood processing, mining, and recreational infrastructures facilitate the transport and establishment of woodboring insects. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are woodborers that typically develop in stressed or dead trees and are inadvertently transported in wood products, creating opportunities for exotic species to invade and expand their range around infrastructures. To understand how these infrastructures influence longhorn diversity, abundance, and potential invasions, we sampled longhorn beetles in 2021 and 2022 from 11 sawmills, 10 mines, 11 campgrounds, and 12 control (unmanaged) forest sites throughout northwestern Quebec (Canada) using broadly attractive blends of pheromone and host volatiles to assess infrastructure-related shifts in community composition compared to undisturbed forest stands. The most abundant species observed across all infrastructures was Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus Say, comprising over 60 % of the total individuals collected, followed by Monochamus mutator LeConte (17 %) and Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby (7 %). We did not record any exotic species; this absence may reflect community-level resistance from diverse native longhorn assemblages. Sawmill sites had the highest diversity and evenness and showed increased abundance of several common native species. However, longhorn communities varied more with forest composition than infrastructure type. NMDS distinguished longhorns linked to balsam fir from those associated with Jack pine, like M. mutator and Rhagium inquisitor Linnaeus, and separated beetles in white spruce and pine, such as Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby and T. schwarzianum Casey, from those in early-succession hardwoods. Increased abundance of longhorns near sawmills came from diverse forest types. We do not find evidence for increased invasion risk near infrastructures, but ongoing surveillance remains crucial.},
}
@article {pmid41637447,
year = {2026},
author = {Agarwal, A and Thomas, ML and Hitchen, Y and Doughty, P and McKirdy, SJ and Rodoni, BC and Blacket, MJ},
title = {A new molecular tool for detection of the highly invasive gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e0338377},
pmid = {41637447},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/genetics/classification ; *Introduced Species ; *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Western Australia ; Species Specificity ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; },
abstract = {The Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, also known as the Asian House Gecko (AHG), is the most significant invasive gecko globally. Detecting this species can be challenging because it closely resembles other geckos, and is often not directly observed, being cryptic and nocturnal. Traces such as scats, however, are more readily observed than the animal itself. Here, we developed and tested a new diagnostic mitochondrial ND2 LAMP (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification) assay to detect and distinguish AHG from other geckos. Testing DNA from twenty-five non-target gecko and skink species present in Western Australia demonstrated the species-specificity of the assay. This new molecular assay showed amplification in under 15 minutes from AHG DNA. Intraspecific variation did not adversely affect the LAMP assay, with all AHG tissue samples successfully amplifying. This included samples from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands territory of Australia which were >6% genetically divergent from mainland Australian samples, representing a genetic group that was previously unknown, referred to here as AHG "clade E". The assay was found to be highly sensitive, capable of amplifying AHG DNA at very low levels, down to 0.0001 ng/µL of AHG DNA, within 25 minutes. The new LAMP assay has been fully optimised for in-field use, including development and testing of a non-destructive DNA extraction method for in-field extractions from both AHG tissue and scat samples, as well as a gBlock gene fragment for use as a synthetic positive control. The in-field protocols were tested on 100 field collected scats, from multiple lizard species in Western Australia, demonstrating the AHG specificity of the assay, with amplification successful on 79% of AHG scats tested in-field. While the assay was highly effective, scat DNA degradation and inhibitors limited detection in 21% of AHG samples, highlighting preservation challenges. This new assay has already been applied operationally in the field, providing early detection of AHG, and preventing potential introduction of this species into new areas.},
}
@article {pmid41637140,
year = {2026},
author = {Su, T and Chang, JY and Gan, L and Zhang, Y},
title = {Unveiling the insights of controlling invasive Aedes mosquitoes in simulated urban catch basins by Sumilarv 0.5G Sachet containing pyriproxyfen.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjag015},
pmid = {41637140},
issn = {1938-2928},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes ; *Pyridines ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; *Insecticides ; Larva/growth &amp; development ; *Juvenile Hormones ; Introduced Species ; Cities ; },
abstract = {Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) are significant urban pests and disease vectors. In addition to small containers, the urban storm drains serve as an extensive production ground. Management of these species is notoriously challenging due to numerous reasons, such as lack of optimal larvicide products. A larvicide, Sumilarv 0.5G Sachet, containing 0.5% pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), was evaluated for its bioactivity and efficacy in simulated storm drain catch basins. In bioassays, high bioactivity in inhibition of emergence (IE) was observed with no significant differences between test materials or species. Against Ae. aegypti, the IE10, IE50 and IE90, respectively, measured 0.011, 0.028, and 0.122 ppb for the technical grade, and 0.016, 0.036, and 0.161 ppb for the formulated granules from the sachet. A similar bioactivity was observed in Ae. albopictus. The IE10, IE50, and IE90, respectively, amounted 0.013, 0.033, and 0.142 ppb for the technical grade, and 0.015, 0.038, and 0.151 ppb for the formulated product. In simulated storm drain catch basins, application of Sumilarv 0.5G Sachet at three sachets (25 g each) per 151.4 L of water provided sustained control of Ae. aegypti (91.1% to 100%) and Ae. albopictus (91.0% and 100%) for up to 22 wk, despite poor water quality and low detectable pyriproxyfen concentrations. These results demonstrate that Sumilarv 0.5G Sachet is a highly effective and reliable larvicide for long-term control of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in urban storm drain systems.},
}
@article {pmid41637059,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiong, S and Liu, Z and Xiao, N and Hua, Y and Wan, X and Zhao, J},
title = {Vallisneria invasion into Myriophyllum community: differential responses of complete ammonia oxidation (Comammox) community in changing rhizosphere environment.},
journal = {Journal of applied microbiology},
volume = {137},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jambio/lxag038},
pmid = {41637059},
issn = {1365-2672},
support = {32571891//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42177383//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023AFD199//Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province/ ; 2662023DKPY003//Central Universities in China/ ; },
mesh = {*Rhizosphere ; *Ammonia/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Soil Microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; *Bacteria/metabolism/classification/genetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Magnoliopsida/microbiology ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Species invasion is one of the key issues in global ecosystems. This study investigated the changes in the rhizosphere community structure of complete ammonia-oxidizing (Comammox) bacteria after the invasion of the long-rooted submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis L. into the community of the short-rooted submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: Different planting ratios simulated varying invasion intensities. Increasing invasion intensity significantly altered rhizosphere factors, reduced dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and lowered pH, thereby causing distinct alterations in the rhizosphere environment. Comammox Clade A remained dominant with stable abundance, indicating strong adaptability. In contrast, Clade B abundance increased under low-moderate invasion but declined sharply under high intensity, suggesting a preference for mixed roots or low-intensity invasion. Higher pH and DOC provided a stable niche for Clade A. High invasion intensities elevated NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations, which coupled with stronger oxidative conditions promoted AOB and certain Clade A subgroups, thereby suppressing the low-nitrogen-adapted Clade B.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that submerged macrophyte invasion reshapes the rhizosphere environment and drives Comammox community differentiation, offering new insights into plant invasion's ecological effects and nitrogen cycling regulation.},
}
@article {pmid41636788,
year = {2026},
author = {De Maio, FA and Soricetti, M and Solimano, PJ and Iglesias, NG and Barrio, DA and Bellusci, CP},
title = {Detection of a novel circo-like virus in common carp from Argentinian Patagonia.},
journal = {Acta veterinaria Hungarica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1556/004.2025.01244},
pmid = {41636788},
issn = {0236-6290},
abstract = {The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an invasive species in Argentinian Patagonia. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Circoviridae-related viruses associated with its population in the Negro River. Total DNA samples extracted from the organ pools of 50 individuals were evaluated using a broad-spectrum PCR, which led in a single case to the detection of a circo-like virus. Based on the partial rep sequence obtained, phylogenetic analysis showed a relation between the virus found and those that have been identified in other cyprinid fishes, such as gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The results propose the occurrence of a previously undescribed circo-like virus in Patagonian common carp.},
}
@article {pmid41633515,
year = {2026},
author = {Meng, F and Snead, AA and Zhang, AY and Munshi-South, J and Winchell, KM},
title = {Cities as evolutionary incubators for the global spread of the spotted lanternfly.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2064},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2292},
pmid = {41633515},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; China ; *Urbanization ; *Genetic Variation ; *Biological Evolution ; Cities ; Hemiptera ; },
abstract = {Habitat destruction and invasive species pose two of the greatest global threats to biodiversity. These factors do not operate in isolation, and nowhere is their interaction more apparent than in urban environments. Urban organisms rapidly evolve under novel ecological circumstances where they also encounter anthropogenic opportunities for range expansion. We examine the role of urbanization in the invasive success of the spotted lanternfly, an emerging global pest, during its colonization and expansion. We demonstrate that the invasive population in the United States has undergone three sequential bottlenecks, resulting in significantly reduced genetic diversity and elevated inbreeding. The success of this invasive population may be partly attributable to adaptation in the native range before the invasion. We detect divergence between urban and rural lanternflies in Shanghai, China (the invasion origin), in genes related to stress response, metabolism and detoxification pathways. Additionally, we detect genomic signatures of selection in the invasive population, suggesting adaptive refinement as the invasion progresses. This study provides evidence of adaptive evolution in response to urbanization despite substantial loss of genetic diversity and implicates adaptive responses to pesticide application, dietary shifts, and climate in the invasive success of the spotted lanternfly.},
}
@article {pmid41633512,
year = {2026},
author = {Norin, T and van Deurs, M and Behrens, JW},
title = {Individuals of the invasive round goby face physiological and behavioural trade-offs in their sensitivity to salinity.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2064},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2937},
pmid = {41633512},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//H2020 Societal Challenges/ ; //H2020 Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Actions/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Salinity ; *Introduced Species ; *Perciformes/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Behavior, Animal ; Seawater/chemistry ; Acclimatization ; },
abstract = {Invasive species often cause ecological damage, including competition with native species for space, food and survival. One of these invasive species is the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a fish introduced into fresh and brackish waters around the world. To understand how round gobies perform if they continue spreading into higher-salinity oceans, we investigated how individuals differ in physiological and behavioural (co)sensitivity to salinity changes. We measured growth, metabolic rates, activity, dispersal and exploration of 59 individuals in the lab after acclimation to salinities ranging from freshwater to seawater (0, 10, 19, 24 and 28 ppt), and quantified trait variation and sensitivity to salinity as reaction norm intercepts and slopes. The fastest-growing individuals at 10 ppt-the salinity the fish were caught at-were also the most active and explorative at this salinity and thus more likely to spread. However, above 15 ppt, these individuals lost their growth advantage and experienced the most severe reductions in aerobic capacity (maximum metabolic rate and aerobic scope). As growth and aerobic capacity are linked to survival and performance in nature, this cross-over at 15 ppt is likely to determine the phenotypic composition of round goby populations across salinities and their continued invasion success and ecological impact.},
}
@article {pmid41631857,
year = {2026},
author = {Johnson, EC and Brush, M and Lewis, MA},
title = {Modeling stratified dispersal in forest pests: A case study of the mountain pine beetle in Alberta.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {e70305},
pmid = {41631857},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {18202//Genome Canada/ ; U22004//fRI Research/ ; 568176//Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; L20TF//Genome Alberta/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Alberta ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; *Forests ; *Models, Biological ; Pinus ; },
abstract = {Forest pests pose critical threats to forest ecosystems worldwide, yet accurately predicting their spatial spread remains challenging due to complex dispersal behaviors, weather effects, and the inherent difficulty of tracking small organisms across large landscapes. These challenges have resulted in divergent estimates of typical dispersal distances across studies. Here, we use high-quality data from helicopter and field-crew surveys to parameterize dispersal kernels for the mountain pine beetle, a destructive pest that has recently expanded its range into Alberta, Canada. We find that fat-tailed kernels-those which allow for a small number of long-distance dispersal events-consistently provide the best fit to these data. Specifically, the radially symmetric Student's t-distribution with parameters ρ = 0.012 $$ \uprho =0.012 $$ km and ν = 1.45 $$ \upnu =1.45 $$ stands out as parsimonious and user-friendly; this model predicts a median dispersal distance of 60 m, with the 95 th $$ 95\mathrm{th}
$$ percentile of dispersers traveling nearly 5 km. The best-fitting mathematical models have biological interpretations. The Student's t-distribution, derivable as a mixture of diffusive processes with varying settling times, is consistent with observations that mountain pine beetle adults fly short distances while few travel far; early-emerging beetles fly farther; and larger beetles from larger trees exhibit greater variance in flight distance. This phenotypic variability is mirrored in other forest pests, resulting in a stratified dispersal pattern where most individuals disperse locally while rare long-distance "jumpers" drive range expansion. Our approach demonstrates how aerial survey data can be used to characterize dispersal patterns, as many insects create diagnostic signatures-combining foliage damage patterns and host-tree preferences-that are visible from above. Since aerial surveys of North American forests are widely available, our methodology can be broadly used to create parsimonious dispersal models for many forest insects.},
}
@article {pmid41631783,
year = {2026},
author = {Wei, H and Copp, GH and Lauridsen, RB and Bašić, T and Davison, PI and Murphy, JF and Pretty, JL and Skóra, ME and Zemelka, G and Jones, JI},
title = {Non-native pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha carcasses benefit native benthic macroinvertebrates.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70352},
pmid = {41631783},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {201903260010//China Scholarship Council/ ; 2020GH04//Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS/ ; //Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust/ ; //Interreg, DiadES/ ; 2018/02/X/NZ8/02252//National Science Centre of Poland/ ; //Queen Mary University of London/ ; },
abstract = {The invasion of the North Atlantic by pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha has raised concerns regarding their impact on coastal rivers. Although the influence of marine-derived nutrients from returning adult O. gorbuscha on rivers in their native range has received much attention, the ecological consequences of invasive O. gorbuscha for ecosystems outside the native range are largely unknown. To investigate the impact on the density and community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates, O. gorbuscha carcasses were added to 12 experimental channels for 60 days at three treatment levels (control, no carcass; low and high, loading rates). Stable isotopes of carbon (δ[13]C) and nitrogen (δ[15]N) were used to determine if nutrients from carcasses were incorporated into native biota. The density of macroinvertebrates increased close to the carcasses in the high-addition treatment, suggesting aggregation. Furthermore, macroinvertebrates had a higher δ[15]N near to the carcasses in the low- and high-addition treatments after 30 days, indicating uptake from the carcasses. The higher δ[15]N of willow moss Fontinalis antipyretica in carcass-addition treatments indicated that primary producers could also assimilate nutrients from the decomposition of carcasses. Whilst the addition of carcasses resulted in the increased density of small individuals of macroinvertebrates, this did not propagate to changes in community composition in this relatively short experiment. Overall, the results suggest that native biota might benefit from the marine-derived nutrients transported to streams by invasive O. gorbuscha, however, the long-term effects of such nutrient/energy subsidies on receiving ecosystems require further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid41630076,
year = {2026},
author = {Behm, JE and Ellers, J and Jesse, WAM and Tran, TJ and Helmus, MR},
title = {Estimating competition outcomes between native and invading species using trait and count data.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {e70304},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70304},
pmid = {41630076},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {858.14.041//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; //Temple University/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Lizards/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; *Competitive Behavior/physiology ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {A major challenge in invasion ecology is determining which introduced species pose a threat to resident species through competitive displacement. Since it is impossible to allocate management resources to preventing interactions among all resident and introduced species, methods for identifying instances of potential competitive displacement would greatly help focus precious management resources. Additionally, methods that use readily available data, such as species counts or functional traits, are especially advantageous under urgent invasion timelines compared to those requiring more time-intensive experimental data. Here, we provide a framework for estimating competition outcomes-including displacement-between resident and invading species using species count and functional trait data, two readily available data sources. Our framework provides methods for estimating displacement that is possibly in progress from species count data and estimating possible displacement from functional traits. We apply this framework to the native and introduced gecko species on the Caribbean island of Curaçao. Our work indicates a potential for the displacement of all three native species by introduced species and suggests that the displacement of one native species may already be underway. Given the urgency of the biodiversity crisis, our framework provides a usable tool for the early identification of potentially detrimental interactions from introduced species and provides insights to focus future studies and guide management efforts.},
}
@article {pmid41628202,
year = {2026},
author = {Almeida, T and Matos, MC and Velarde-Garcéz, DA and Mata, VA and Martins, M and Neves, C and Beja, P and Lopes, AM and Abrantes, J},
title = {Viral zoonoses assessment in invasive rodent species from São Tomé and Príncipe.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e0341657},
pmid = {41628202},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Rats/virology ; *Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; *Zoonoses/virology ; *Rodentia/virology ; },
abstract = {Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans, highlighting the inseparable link between animal and human health. They are responsible for approximately 2.4 billion cases of illness and 2.2 million deaths annually, posing a significant challenge to public health and food security. Transmission of infectious agents from animals to humans occurs through direct contact, ingestion, inhalation, or inoculation of the infectious agent. Finding practical ways to monitor the presence and/or abundance of zoonotic pathogens is important to estimate the risk of spillover to humans. Since rodents are present almost everywhere, live in proximity with humans and host several zoonotic viruses, we conducted a screening in different tissue samples of black rats (Rattus rattus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) collected in São Tomé and Príncipe in 2021 and 2022 for the presence of five zoonotic families of viruses, including Arenaviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, and Poxviridae. Although we found no evidence of the presence of these viral taxa among the rodent samples tested, our study does not exclude their presence in São Tomé and Príncipe. Continued monitoring of these and other zoonotic viruses is advisable to prevent or mitigate the emergence of viral diseases that are often fatal to humans.},
}
@article {pmid41628162,
year = {2026},
author = {Haouzi, M and Bastin, F and Perdereau, E and Humbert, C and Play, B and Beaugeard, L and Darrouzet, &#xc9;},
title = {Colonial signature of the alarm pheromone and chemical differences between hornet workers.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e0336261},
pmid = {41628162},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Pheromones/chemistry/metabolism ; *Wasps/physiology/chemistry ; Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior ; Animal Communication ; },
abstract = {The social organisation of eusocial insects is based on an effective communication system in which pheromones play a central role. Among these chemical compounds, the alarm pheromone is an essential component of colonial survival by inducing nestmates recruitment and defensive behaviours. In this study, we investigated the alarm pheromone composition produced in the venom gland of workers of the invasive Yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax, focusing on two aspects: first, variations between different colonies, and second, differences related to the activities of workers in the colony at a given time. Here, we examined four specific activities: animal foragers, builders, defenders and material foragers. Our results reveal significant chemical heterogeneity in the alarm pheromone among workers, highlighting a strong colony-specific chemical signature as well as a variability linked to workers' activities. Notably, animal foragers and builders exhibited distinct pheromone profiles with discriminant chemical compounds. This study therefore suggests that the alarm pheromone could be used as a recognition signal in Vespidae species, both at the inter and intra-colonial levels. Such findings provide valuable insights into the chemical ecology of invasive species and open new perspectives on the role of pheromones in colony coordination and defense mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid41627905,
year = {2026},
author = {Saldamando, CI and Candamil-Cortés, MS and Rodríguez-Cabal, HA and Montoya-Ruiz, C and Cano-Calle, D},
title = {Genomic and phylogenetic insights for three species of thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) associated with Colombian avocado.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41627905},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {45565//Universidad Nacional de Colombia to Clara In&#xe9;s Saldamando-Benjumea/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Persea ; *Thysanoptera/genetics/classification ; Phylogeny ; Colombia ; *Genome, Insect ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {Thrips are small, cosmopolitan pests that attack a wide variety of crops, including avocado (Persea americana Mill.), where they feed on the fruit surface, hindering export quality. In Colombia, 7 thrips species have been identified in avocado where Frankliniella gardeniae (Fg) (Moulton, 1948), F. panamensis (Fp) (Hood, 1925), and Scirtothrips hansoni (Sh) (Mound and Hoddle, 2016) are the most abundant. Despite their economic importance, limited genomic and transcriptomic data are available for these pests. Here, we present the first draft genomes of these species and compare them to the reference genome of Frankliniella occidentalis. The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of the 3 species differ in size and gene order, with F. gardeniae exhibiting the largest mitochondria. Phylogenetic analysis clustered F. gardeniae and F. panamensis together and S. hansoni with S. dorsalis. Genome assembly revealed differences in genome sizes: 397 Mbp (Fp), 454 Mbp (Sh), and 601 Mbp (Fg), with F. gardeniae having the largest genome. Coverage was 118× for S. hansoni and 35× for the other 2 species. S. hansoni showed the highest sequence count and N50 values. BUSCO analysis estimated genome completeness between 96% and 97.95%. Annotated genes shared among these species included insecticide resistance and metabolism, particularly P450 and CYP family genes, as well as chemosensory genes (Ir). They are promising targets for RNA interference-based studies to enhance pest management strategies thus further studies are required in this issue.},
}
@article {pmid41627902,
year = {2026},
author = {Huynh, MP and Ho, KV and Lahuatte, PF and Shelby, KS and Coudron, TA and Causton, CE and Finke, DL},
title = {Comparative metabolomics reveal developmental and ecological plasticity in the invasive parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) from the Galapagos Islands.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41627902},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {202302097-SL//International Atomic Energy Agency/ ; //Galapagos Invasive Species Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Muscidae/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Ecuador ; Introduced Species ; Metabolomics ; Larva/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Metabolome ; },
abstract = {Invasive species pose a critical threat to biodiversity, often endangering ecologically naive endemic fauna. The avian vampire fly, Philornis downsi Dodge &amp; Aitken, 1968 (Diptera: Muscidae), a semi-hematophagous ectoparasite introduced to the Galápagos Islands, has caused severe declines in endemic and native bird populations, including Darwin's finches. Yet, the physiological mechanisms enabling its ecological success remain largely unexplored. Here, we describe the first metabolome study of P. downsi, identifying 806 metabolites (78% confirmed by standards) across 2 developmental stages (larvae and adults) and from 2 ecological contexts (collected from natural habitats and reared under laboratory conditions). Global metabolomics analysis revealed pronounced stage- and sex-specific metabolic reprogramming in response to ecological context. Wild females showed enriched pathways linked to reproductive investment and environmental resilience, including α-linolenic acid, nicotinamide, and ascorbate metabolism. Wild males exhibited elevated lipid signaling, one-carbon metabolism, and phosphonate pathways, suggesting adaptations to reproductive demands and environmental variability. In contrast, lab-reared adults displayed more constrained metabolic profiles dominated by carbohydrate and vitamin metabolism, indicative of physiological canalization under nutrient-rich conditions. Larvae exhibited the most extensive metabolic divergence. Wild larvae were enriched in pathways related to amino acid turnover, antioxidant defenses, and membrane lipid remodeling, patterns reflecting developmental plasticity under fluctuating ecological pressures. Lab-reared larvae, conversely, exhibited upregulation in fructose and mannose metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism, likely reflecting metabolic optimization for growth efficiency. These findings provide molecular insight into the physiological plasticity and invasion success of P. downsi, informing refinements in mass rearing for control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41626662,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, W and Hu, X and Sun, G and Li, T and Huang, L and Tian, W and Cheng, H and Chen, T and Tang, F and Ye, J},
title = {Trunk injection of fluopyram and chlorfenapyr for efficient and long-lasting control of pine wilt disease.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70517},
pmid = {41626662},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chemical control is an important strategy for managing pine wilt disease (PWD). However, traditional trunk injection agents (TIAs) are constrained by limited variety and insufficient persistence. In addition, although some novel nematicides show strong activity, their large-scale forest use is restricted by high costs. Therefore, the development of cost-effective, highly efficient, and synergistic nematicidal formulations is urgently needed to advance sustainable PWD management.<br><br>RESULTS: This study compared the performance of combination TIAs with single-agent TIAs and a traditional TIA in terms of nematicidal activity, xylem translocation, residue dynamics, efficacy duration, and tree safety in Pinus massoniana. All six TIA formulations exhibited nematicidal activity, with fluopyram_chlorfenapyr-37 (FLU_CHL-37) TIA markedly suppressing nematode reproduction in detached branch experiments. Field trials demonstrated that all TIAs spread throughout P. massoniana within 3&#x2009;months; by 18&#x2009;months, residual concentrations of CHL-46, CHL-49, FLU_CHL-35, and FLU_CHL-37 were significantly higher than those of FLU-11, FLU-19, and a 20% emamectin benzoate soluble liquid (EB SL) positive control in branches 3&#x2009;m above the injection site and in apical branches. Notably, FLU_CHL-37 achieved 100% control efficacy at 360&#x2009;days post-inoculation, outperforming the other treatments. Safety assessments showed only slight, short-term changes in chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, and soluble protein content, all normalizing within 21&#x2009;days, while local damage around the injection site was significantly less pronounced than that caused by the 20% EB SL control.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that FLU_CHL-37 combines high activity, prolonged efficacy, strong translocation, and robust safety, providing theoretical and practical support for the development of novel PWD control agents. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41624446,
year = {2026},
author = {Trigueros, AC and Robertson, BQ and Parker, PG},
title = {Avian malaria and invasion success: Contrasting infection patterns in two introduced Eurasian sparrows in North America (Passer domesticus and Passer montanus).},
journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife},
volume = {29},
number = {},
pages = {101192},
pmid = {41624446},
issn = {2213-2244},
abstract = {Biological invasions present a unique context to investigate how parasites influence host establishment and spread. We compared whether the more invasive house sparrow (Passer domesticus, HOSP) showed lower haemosporidian (Plasmodium) infection probability, predicted relative parasitemia, and lineage diversity than the less invasive Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus, ETSP), based on previous research that showed species differences in immune responses and pathogen prevalence that may influence invasion success. We sampled 306 sparrows across eight sites in Missouri and Illinois (2019-2022), assessing Plasmodium prevalence, relative parasitemia (via qPCR), and lineage diversity. Contrary to expectations, the more invasive HOSPs had higher Plasmodium prevalence (24.1 %, 32/133; 95 % CI = 17.6 %-32.0 %) compared to the less invasive ETSP (11.6 %, 20/173; 95 % CI = 7.6 %-17.2 %). Model-averaged estimates for both the full dataset and sensitivity analysis restricted to sites with balanced sampling identified host species as the strongest predictor of infection probability with higher odds of infection in HOSPs. Relative parasitemia was also higher in HOSPs, with model-averaged estimates indicating nearly two-fold higher odds of greater relative parasitemia compared to ETSPs. Pathogen lineage richness was similar between species, with three shared lineages and one unique lineage per host. One lineage (PHPAT01) had not previously been reported in ETSPs. Comparison with previous studies suggests a decline in Plasmodium prevalence among ETSP over the past two decades. No infections were detected at the northern range edge of ETSPs, where they may experience reduced parasite pressure. These results challenge the expectation of increased susceptibility in the less invasive host and instead show shifting host-parasite dynamics in introduced populations. Our findings highlight the importance of paired studies of more and less invasive species and the need to examine how pathogen susceptibility changes across different stages of the invasion process and range expansion.},
}
@article {pmid41623708,
year = {2026},
author = {Rickowski, FS and Ruland, F and Bodin, &#xd6; and Evans, T and Fowler, MS and Kluger, LC and Latombe, G and Lenzner, B and Macêdo, RL and Adriaens, T and Arlinghaus, R and Castellanos-Galindo, GA and Dick, JTA and Dickey, JWE and Essl, F and Gallardo, B and Hilt, S and Itescu, Y and Jarić, I and Kimmig, S and Kumar, L and Novoa, A and Oficialdegui, FJ and Pérez-Granados, C and Pyšek, P and Rabitsch, W and Richardson, DM and Roura-Pascual, N and von Schmalensee, M and Yannelli, FA and Vilà, M and Vimercati, G and Jeschke, JM},
title = {A Systems Perspective: How Social-Ecological Networks Can Improve Our Understanding and Management of Biological Invasions.},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {76},
number = {2},
pages = {127-146},
pmid = {41623708},
issn = {0006-3568},
abstract = {Reversing biodiversity loss and the sustainability crisis requires approaches that explicitly consider human-nature interdependencies. Social-ecological networks, which incorporate social and ecological actors and entities, as well as their interactions, provide such an approach. Social-ecological networks have been applied to a range of complex issues, including sustainable resource use, management of ecosystem services and disservices, and collective action. However, the application of social-ecological networks to invasion science remains limited so far, despite their clear potential for studying human contributions to introduction pathways of nonnative species, invasion success, direct and indirect impacts, and their management. In the present article, we review past applications of social-ecological networks to biological invasions, provide guidance on how to construct and analyze such networks, with an illustrative example, and outline future opportunities of social-ecological networks in invasion science. We aim to inform and inspire the applications of social-ecological networks to improve our ability to meet the diverse challenges facing invasion science.},
}
@article {pmid41622111,
year = {2025},
author = {Lepak, JM and Hansen, AG and Martinez, TL and Stewart, EA and Pinkus, DJ and Pelletier, AM and Treble, AJ},
title = {Maximum age of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis exceeds 30 years: Implications for anticipating invasive species establishment and impacts.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {2135-2142},
pmid = {41622111},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//Colorado Parks and Wildlife/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Carps/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; Rivers ; Otolithic Membrane/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Aging ; },
abstract = {Invasive bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis have spread throughout the Mississippi River basin, negatively impacting ecosystems. We used a remnant population (32 years after stocking) to better understand H. nobilis. We observed high annual survival (>95%), but growth was relatively slow. Lapilli otolith sections were reliable aging structures but underestimated H. nobilis age by ~10%. Dorsal-fin rays and postcleithra also showed some promise for age interpretation. This study provides information about exceptionally old H. nobilis, with unique survival, growth and habitat conditions that could further inform invasion models.},
}
@article {pmid41620008,
year = {2026},
author = {Tripathi, SR and Gorule, PA and Šmejkal, M and Stejskal, V and Ložek, F and Cau, A},
title = {Chronic exposure to polyethylene and tire wear particles changes the associative behaviour in cyprinid fishes.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127744},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127744},
pmid = {41620008},
issn = {1873-6424},
mesh = {Animals ; *Polyethylene/toxicity ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; *Cyprinidae/physiology ; Carps/physiology ; },
abstract = {The pervasive presence of anthropogenic pollutants such as polyethylene (PE) and tire wear particles (TWPs) is increasingly impacting wildlife, including behavioural traits. However, their effects on species-specific associations remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of dietary exposure to PE and TWPs on the associative and social behaviours of native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and invasive gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) over a 60-day period. By comparing native and invasive species, we explore how these pollutants might differentially affect species with distinct adaptive strategies, potentially influencing local biodiversity and community dynamics. Fish were exposed to 0.1 % PE and TWPs through their diet and assessed using zone-derived behavioural metrics: distance travelled, cumulative duration, and turning frequency, whereas the parameter: proximity of time spent was calculated for the time spent by individual fish outside of the zones. While PE exposure had no significant effect, TWPs significantly altered multiple associative behavioural metrics including distance travelled, cumulative duration, turning frequency, and time spent in proximity. Crucian carp exhibited greater locomotor activity and turning frequency, reflecting increased exploration. In contrast, gibel carp showed reduced movement and turning, along with elevated proximity time, suggesting spatial withdrawal. PE had comparatively weaker behavioural effects. Contrary to expectations, the invasive gibel carp did not exhibit greater behavioural resilience but instead displayed a more conservative behavioural response under TWPs exposure. These species-specific disruptions in associative behaviour may have long-term ecological consequences, affecting competitive interactions and community structure in polluted freshwater environments. Our findings underscore the need for further research on how emerging contaminants influence species interactions and freshwater community dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid41618051,
year = {2026},
author = {Poudel, J and Chaudhary, T and Shrestha, UB and Shackleton, RT and Shrestha, BB},
title = {Despite High Local Knowledge, Limited Stakeholder Participation and Resource Mobilization Constrain the Effective Management of Invasive Plants in Nepal's Protected Areas.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {3},
pages = {74},
pmid = {41618051},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Tribhuvan University/ ; },
mesh = {Nepal ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Stakeholder Participation ; Biodiversity ; Humans ; Community Participation ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species are major driver of socio-ecological changes, and pose threats to protected areas (PAs) and native biodiversity globally. To reduce their impacts, management effort should be timely, and guided through stakeholder engagement. This study investigated the level of community awareness, and documented perceptions and stakeholder participation in management of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in ten of Nepal's twenty PAs (five from each Tarai-Siwalik and Mountain regions). It draws on focus group discussions (n = 60) and key informant interviews (n = 47). We found that people had substantial local knowledge of IAPS and had been substantially impacted by them without having knowledge of their exotic nature. Reported impacts included native species loss, increased weeding time, crop loss, reduced forage availability, and reduced forest regeneration. Lantana camara, Mikania micrantha, Ageratina adenophora and Ageratum houstonianum were the most problematic IAPS causing both ecological and socio-economic impacts. Management efforts were sporadic, inadequate and rarely guided by formal plans or programs. Regional analysis showed that the PAs located in the Tarai-Siwalik regions (southern lowland) experienced greater invasion impacts but received marginally more management than the mountain PAs. While efforts have been made to control IAPS both by local communities and PA authorities at few locations in the Tarai-Siwalik region, the lack of such efforts despite growing problems in the mountain PAs with unique biodiversity is a matter of great conservation concern. Overall, limited participation among stakeholders, along with very low resource mobilization are the key barriers to effective management of IAPS in Nepal's PAs.},
}
@article {pmid41615177,
year = {2026},
author = {Rajaonarivelo, JA and Kauffman, KM and Randriamoria, TM and Herrera, JP and Wickenkamp, N and Turpin, M and Baudino, F and Young, HS and Soarimalala, V and Goodman, SM and Nunn, CL and Tortosa, P},
title = {Leptospira prevalence and lineages vary across land-use types due to shifts in small mammal communities.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {92},
number = {2},
pages = {e0206125},
pmid = {41615177},
issn = {1098-5336},
support = {R01-TW011493/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; Transatlantic Research Partner//FACE Foundation/ ; BASS connection//Duke University/ ; Provost's Collaboratory//Duke University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Leptospira/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/physiology ; *Leptospirosis/epidemiology/veterinary/microbiology ; *Chiroptera/microbiology ; Prevalence ; Madagascar/epidemiology ; Rats ; Mice ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/microbiology ; Humans ; *Mammals/microbiology ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Human-induced land-use change can affect the composition of small mammal communities and the ecology of their zoonotic pathogens - yet questions remain on the direction and generality of these changes, which can have opposite effects on disease prevalence depending on the ecological context and pathogen involved. These contrasting patterns highlight the need to investigate how specific host-pathogen assemblages respond to local anthropogenic land-use mosaics. To address this need, we studied terrestrial and bat species composition, Leptospira infection prevalence, and Leptospira species composition across a mosaic of land-use types in northeastern Madagascar. We found differences in host communities between forested, agricultural, and village land-use types for both bat (n = 400) and terrestrial (n = 2,053) small mammal communities. Leptospira infection prevalence was higher in bats (37.7%) than in terrestrial small mammals (13.8%), and bats were infected with Leptospira strains that were molecularly distinct from those shed by terrestrial small mammals. Non-native mice and rats were almost exclusively infected with cosmopolitan L. kirschneri and L. interrogans, respectively, while some native terrestrial small mammals sheltered L. mayottensis, and bats hosted a more diverse set of Leptospira species. Leptospira prevalence across land-use types varied in terrestrial small mammals, but not in bats. Altogether, the highest prevalence occurred in mice in flooded rice fields. Our data show that land use predominantly impacts Leptospira infecting terrestrial mammals, likely due to habitat disturbance favoring replacement of endemic hosts and pathogens with Muridae rodents and their associated pathogens, many of which are zoonotic.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Leptospirosis, a globally distributed, environmentally transmitted zoonosis, causes 2.9 million disability-adjusted life years annually, primarily among rural farmers in tropical regions. Infected animals' urine contaminates soils and water with Leptospira bacteria, where other individuals are then exposed. Understanding the impact of land use on the transmission of this disease is of considerable importance. In Madagascar, infection dynamics are impacted by the combined effects of converting forests to agricultural fields and colonization of these areas by non-native mammal species, which carry molecularly distinct lineages of Leptospira. We show that land use corresponds to the replacement of native species and endemic Leptospira lineages with non-native species and their cosmopolitan L. interrogans and L. kirschneri. Together, this contributes to higher infection prevalence in more disturbed habitats like flooded rice fields, where >50% of mice captured were infected, highlighting the important effects of land use on Leptospira prevalence and presence, which together impact zoonotic risk.},
}
@article {pmid41612190,
year = {2026},
author = {Ontano, A and Sim, SB and Jenkins, J and Geib, SM and Childers, AK and Scheffler, B and Vaughn, J},
title = {Independent centromeric expansions define giant hornet genomes.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {228},
pmid = {41612190},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {8042-30500-002-000-D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; 6066-21310-006-000-D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; 8042-21000-291-046-I//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Vespa lineage of hornets demonstrate the potential to displace native species and cause significant damage to US apiculture through predation. In spite of introductions in recent years to North America, eradication efforts have prevented the Northern Giant Hornet, Vespa mandarinia, from establishing. Improved genomic resources could offer insight into the traits that define this lineage: large body size variance, adaptability to new environments, and high potential for invasiveness.<br><br>RESULTS: We sequenced and assembled genomes of two lineages of the northern giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia, and one of the European hornet, Vespa crabro, using HiFi long read sequencing technology. We found centromeric and pericentric satellite repeats account for nearly half the total DNA of the hornet genomes and their identities were largely unique across species, indicating active, independent expansion. The intraspecific northern giant hornet genomes exhibit asymmetrical expansion across homologous chromosomal regions localized with Hi-C scaffolding. We leveraged pangenomic alignments of the hornet genomes to identify derived mutations, particularly those that affect repeat content and transposable elements (TEs). We found that TEs do not contribute to the bulk repeat content and show no differential expansion in genic space.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Large tandemly repetitive DNA account for large structural variations across the Vespa and between V. mandarinia. Localization within the genomes necessitated a suite of tools to support the assembly and identification of those elements. Typical repercussions of long-term reductions in population size &#x2013; namely, reduced diversity and TE expansion &#x2013; are not present. The degree to which alternative explanations, such as cell and body size selection or centromeric drive, cause massive, localized repeat amplification will require more extensive sampling.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-025-12512-x.},
}
@article {pmid41610536,
year = {2026},
author = {Rizzo, L and Picciolo, A and Fraschetti, S},
title = {Vegetated habitats as natural macrolitter traps in an Apulian site along the Southeastern Adriatic Coast: Insights from the Ericaria crinita macroalgal canopy.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {119336},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119336},
pmid = {41610536},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Marine algal forests are highly productive and biodiverse ecosystems yet increasingly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. To mitigate these pressures, identifying the drivers of macroalgal canopy decline is essential. This study examines seasonal variations in abundance and size structure of Ericaria crinita (Phaeophyta) and assesses its role in retaining marine litter. Along the Apulian coastline (Italy, Adriatic Sea), litter abundance and composition were analyzed across four habitats: vegetated low-shore rocky habitats with and without macroalgal canopies, and vegetated and unvegetated emerged beaches. E. crinita abundance remained stable across seasons, while size structure showed significant seasonal variation, with spring as the main growth period and summer as a dormancy phase. The vegetated beach exhibited the highest litter abundance (9.54 ± 0.59 items m[-2]), mainly originating from land-based sources, whereas the rocky shore without canopy was the least affected habitat. Sea-based litter was significantly more abundant in the rocky shore with canopy and the vegetated beach (2.62 ± 0.32 and 2.50 ± 0.37 items m[-2], respectively), compared with the unvegetated beach (0.46 ± 0.14 items m[-2]) and the rocky shore without canopy (0.17 ± 0.08 items m[-2]). Recreational land-based activities are the primary source of litter on the beach, while fishing activities mainly impact macroalgal canopies. Dense canopies enhance the retention of larger litter items, as indicated by the positive correlation between large-size litter items and thallus length. The findings highlight the pervasive presence of marine litter and the need for targeted management strategies to mitigate its impacts on macroalgal forests.},
}
@article {pmid41609711,
year = {2026},
author = {Chakraborty, PP and Kassen, R},
title = {Accelerated evolution in networked metapopulations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41609711},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {RGPIN-2019-05622//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {Natural populations are often spatially structured, meaning they exist as metapopulations composed of subpopulations connected by migration. Little is known about the impact of spatial structure, in particular the topology of connections among subpopulations, on adaptive evolution. Typically, spatial structure slows adaptation, although some models suggest topologies that concentrate dispersing individuals through a central hub can accelerate adaptation above that of a well-mixed system. We provide evidence to support this claim and show acceleration is accompanied by high rates of parallel evolution. Our results suggest metapopulation topology can be a potent force driving evolutionary dynamics and patterns of genomic repeatability in structured landscapes such as those involving the spread of pathogens or invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41608779,
year = {2026},
author = {Baldan, D and Chauvier-Mendes, Y and Panzeri, D and Cossarini, G and Solidoro, C and Bandelj, V},
title = {The Geography of Mediterranean Benthic Communities Under Climate Change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {e70725},
pmid = {41608779},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {NECCTON 101081273//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; NextGeneration EU CN_00000033//European Commission/ ; Postdoc.Mobility grant P500PB_225432//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {Seafloors are crucial to marine ecosystems for the functions and services they provide. Benthic organisms, vital to these ecosystems, are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and shifting currents disrupt benthic species and communities, yet future related impact assessments remain limited. Here, we trained species distribution models with predictors from state of the art physical and biogeochemical marine models and a large database of species records (> 100,000 occurrences) to project the current and future distributions of ~350 benthic species (excluding cephalopods, invasive species, and commercially exploited species) and their related changes per site in diversity (α-) and community composition (β-diversity) over the Mediterranean Sea. We predicted most species to shift their distribution northwards for all future scenarios due to changes in water temperature and dissolved oxygen close to the seafloor, with up to 60% of species experiencing range contraction, 77% moving northwards, 20% experiencing range fragmentation (measured as range disjunctions in models' output), and 30% moving toward deeper waters over time. Cold-adapted species were more likely to face range contraction and shifts towards deeper waters, while warm-adapted species were more likely to face range expansions and shifts towards shallower waters. α-diversity increased in the Northern and decreased in the Southern Mediterranean, respectively. Changes in β-diversity within sites highlighted compositional changes (species turnover) in communities located in the Aegean and Tyrrhenian Seas, in deep parts of the Ionian Sea, and in coastal regions of the Adriatic Sea. Climate-smart, ecosystem-based Marine Spatial Planning can capitalize on the identified hotspots of species losses, gains, stability, and turnover. Prioritizing connectivity in regions of strong turnover and extending protected areas in regions with stable α-diversity and limited turnover is recommended for improved conservation actions.},
}
@article {pmid41606356,
year = {2026},
author = {Ankhi, SD and Rahman, MS},
title = {Impacts of global shipping operations on marine organisms: emerging contaminants, biodiversity monitoring, and management strategies-a 25-year review.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41606356},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Shipping operations are essential to global trade and economic growth; however, they pose significant risks to marine ecosystems. The goal of this review was to analyze various categories of shipping operations and their corresponding environmental impacts on marine organisms. The study employs a comprehensive approach that encompasses literature analysis and the synthesis of contemporary scientific findings. This study focused on peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2025 on Web of Science and PubMed. EndNote was used for reference management. The evaluation categorizes shipping operations by ship type and commercial shipping operation type and examines their diverse effects, including chemical and physical pollution. The literature search initially identified 2993 articles. After systematically removing duplicates and evaluating the relevance of each study, the final selection was reduced to 2094 articles. Principal stressors from ship discharges, namely, marine litter, oil spills, ballast water discharge, antifouling paints, sewage, and bilge water, are emphasized for their contributions to habitat degradation, toxicity, and the proliferation of invasive species. VOSviewer software facilitated the creation of visual relatedness maps and timelines for recurring keywords. Physical disruptions from shipbreaking, sinking, underwater acoustics, and artificial lighting further exacerbate the stress on marine animals, influencing their behavior, physiology, and survival. The report assesses the limitations of existing research and regulatory frameworks, highlighting significant knowledge gaps that impede effective mitigation. This review consolidates the knowledge from recent studies and serves as a helpful foundation for marine and environmental scientists and policymakers on shipping operations, biodiversity monitoring, and management techniques for future research.},
}
@article {pmid41606296,
year = {2026},
author = {Buyatti, RA and Hernández, CM and Aquino, DA and López, SN and Gonzalez, AM and Berretta, MF},
title = {First Record of the Gall-Inducing Insect Ophelimus mediterraneus Borowiec &amp; Burks (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) in Eucalyptus from America, Including the First Report of Male Specimens.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {6},
pmid = {41606296},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {PICT 2020-0117//Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog&#xed;a Agropecuaria/ ; project 2023-PD-L01-I074//Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog&#xed;a Agropecuaria/ ; },
mesh = {*Eucalyptus/parasitology ; Animals ; Male ; *Plant Tumors/parasitology ; Argentina ; *Wasps/anatomy &amp; histology/classification ; *Hymenoptera ; },
abstract = {The invasive eucalyptus gall wasp Ophelimus mediterraneus Borowiec &amp; Burks (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is reported for the first time in Argentina and the Americas, representing a new record on Eucalyptus benthamii, E. viminalis, and E. cinerea, thereby expanding its known host range. Species identification was supported by molecular analyses (mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S gene sequences), adult morphology, and morpho-anatomical examination of the induced galls. The galls are small, circular to slightly ellipsoid protrusions usually located on one side of the leaf blade. Mature galls measure approximately 0.8-1.2 mm in diameter and contain a single larval chamber. They are monothalamous, with a central chamber lined with nutritive tissue and surrounded by a sclerenchymatic layer. Additionally, this study provides the first description of the male O. mediterraneus, including detailed morphological traits, biological observations, and illustrative images. Males were consistently present in all samples collected, suggesting that O. mediterraneus may reproduce sexually under certain environmental or ecological conditions. These findings highlight the urgent need to monitor the potential spread and impact of this exotic gall-inducing pest on regional eucalyptus plantations and emphasize the importance of integrating both morphological and molecular tools for accurate detection and assessment.},
}
@article {pmid41606205,
year = {2026},
author = {Loziaková Peňazziová, K and Pivka, S and Barbušinová, E and Jalili, NA and Kiss, V and Kurucz, K and Csank, T},
title = {First molecular evidence and phylogenetic characterization of Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Slovakia.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {125},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {41606205},
issn = {1432-1955},
abstract = {The invasive mosquito Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Edwards, 1917), originally native to East Asia, has recently established populations across several European countries. This study provides the first molecular confirmation of Ae. koreicus in Slovakia. Adult females were collected during nationwide mosquito surveillance conducted between June and October 2024. Morphological identification was confirmed by sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Slovak Ae. koreicus sequences clustered with reference sequences from Italy, Hungary, Belgium, and Germany. BLAST analysis showed 98.4–100% nucleotide identity with European Ae. koreicus isolates. Two principal genetic clusters were detected—one related to Hungarian isolates and another to Italian isolates, suggesting multiple introduction pathways or regional spread from established populations in Central Europe. These findings confirm the ongoing expansion of Ae. koreicus in Central Europe.},
}
@article {pmid41606080,
year = {2026},
author = {Guo, WY and Serra-Diaz, JM and Guo, K and Boonman, CCF and Schrodt, F and Maitner, BS and Merow, C and Violle, C and Anand, M and Bruun, HHK and Byun, C and Catford, JA and Cerabolini, BEL and Chacón-Madrigal, E and Ciccarelli, D and Dang-Le, AT and Dias, AS and Giroldo, AB and Gutiérrez, AG and Jansen, S and Kattge, J and Kindt, R and Klein, T and Kramer, K and Lusk, CH and Martin, AR and Michaletz, ST and Minden, V and Mori, AS and Niinemets, &#xdc; and Onoda, Y and Peñuelas, J and Pisek, J and Robroek, BJM and Schamp, B and Soudzilovskaia, NA and Thiffault, N and van der Plas, F and Enquist, BJ and Svenning, JC},
title = {Global functional shifts in trees driven by alien naturalization and native extinction.},
journal = {Nature plants},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {308-318},
pmid = {41606080},
issn = {2055-0278},
support = {32171588, 32471676//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 2022R1A2C1003504//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; DNRF173//Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Danish National Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*Trees/physiology ; *Extinction, Biological ; Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; },
abstract = {Human activities are driving simultaneous native extinctions and alien naturalizations, reshaping global tree diversity with major implications for ecosystem structure and function. Here we analysed functional traits and environmental niches of 31,001 tree species worldwide, comparing naturalized, threatened and non-threatened species to assess current patterns and project future shifts under intensified extinction and naturalization. Future tree-rich ecosystems are projected to become increasingly dominated by fast-growing, high-resource-use species with acquisitive traits, while slow-growing, conservative species face greater extinction risk. Although group means along the main functional axes do not differ significantly, naturalized species occupy broader functional and environmental spaces and thrive in colder and more variable climates, whereas threatened species are more specialized to warm, stable and nutrient-rich environments, with non-threatened species intermediate. Projected naturalizations expand local functional diversity, but their acquisitive strategies could reduce long-term ecosystem stability, while extinctions cause pronounced contractions of functional and environmental trait space, especially in climatically variable regions. Overall, our findings reveal an accelerating global shift towards faster-growing tree communities, with likely consequences for carbon storage and biodiversity, underscoring the need to safeguard slow-growing species and limit the dominance of acquisitive trees.},
}
@article {pmid41602292,
year = {2025},
author = {Høeg, JT and Smurov, AO and Møller, OS and Chuikov, YS and Plotnikov, IS and Spremberg, US and Aladin, NV},
title = {History and Management of the Parasite Fauna of Aral Sea Fishes.},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {e71},
pmid = {41602292},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {The present study reviews the parasite fauna of fishes in the Aral Sea, before, during and after the recent regression and salinization crisis. The native fish fauna was much depleted compared to the nearby Caspian Sea, comprising only 20 spp., all having a freshwater origin. The parasite fauna was similarly poorer, both in total species number and when considering parasites infesting individual species. Some fish species and parasites were introduced during the 20[th] century. Species introduction of fish and progressive salinization in the latter half of the 20[th] century interacted in various ways, occasionally favouring the spread of parasites. During the salinization parasites with endoparasitic lifecycles endured longer than many ectoparasites, the latter being constantly exposed to the salty water. But all parasites eventually suffered when the salinity tolerance of their free-swimming larvae was exceeded. Predation on zooplankton by introduced fish also temporarily impacted the free larvae of crustacean parasites, causing a decline. Alternatively, introduced fish that were prey to larger species could act to transmit parasites. All the parasites in the southern Large Aral Sea ultimately disappeared, either because their hosts were gone or because of an inability to endure high salinity. Many of the original fish species have now naturally repopulated the reconstituted Small Aral Sea, forming the basis of a renewed commercial fishery. As a result, some parts of the original parasite fauna have also reappeared together with some newly introduced species. The present study highlights the complex, sometimes unexpected, manner in which hosts and parasites can interact during a progressive ecological crisis. We emphasize that they must be an integral part of any sustainable ecological management of lakes and reservoirs. In the framework of revived fisheries and emerging aquaculture, we suggest a system for sound monitoring and control of fish parasites in the Aral Sea system.},
}
@article {pmid41600109,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, W and Ni, A and Zhang, J and Sun, G and Xiang, F and Cheng, H and Chen, T and Ye, J},
title = {Residual Dynamics of Fluopyram and Its Compound Formulations in Pinus massoniana and Their Efficacy in Preventing Pine Wilt Disease.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41600109},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2021YFD14009//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Injecting chemical agents into tree trunks is a key method for preventing pine wilt disease (PWD). However, the long-term use of conventional trunk injection agents such as emamectin benzoate (EB) and avermectin (AVM) may lead to nematode resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the potential of new-generation nematicides, including fluopyram (FLU) and its compound formulations, as alternatives to EB and AVM in PWD prevention. In this study, four trunk injection agents, i.e., 5% FLU microemulsion (ME), 2% AVM + 6% FLU ME, 5% EB ME, and 5% AVM emulsifiable concentrate (EC), were injected into Pinus massoniana trunks, and their residual dynamics over time and preventive effects on PWD were compared. Results showed that all agents were transported to various parts of the trees within 90 days post-injection, with FLU showing significantly stronger translocation compared with EB and AVM. At 660 days post-injection, the active ingredient levels of 5% FLU ME in apical branches remained significantly higher than those of the other three agents at both tested doses (30 and 60 mL). Artificial inoculation with 10,000 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus nematodes per tree at 90 days post-injection showed that trees injected with 5% FLU ME and 2% AVM + 6% FLU ME had nearly 100% disease prevention rates at both doses, outperforming 5% EB ME and 5% AVM EC. A second nematode inoculation at 480 days post-injection showed that 2% AVM + 6% FLU ME showed 50% efficacy, outperforming 5% EB ME (25% efficacy). These findings offer a foundation for developing alternative trunk injection strategies for future PWD management in China.},
}
@article {pmid41600059,
year = {2026},
author = {Tian, J and Huang, J and Luo, Y and Ma, M and Wang, W},
title = {Global Distribution and Dispersal Pathways of Riparian Invasives: Perspectives Using Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) as a Model.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41600059},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {No. 5000002024CC20004//Geological Disaster Patterns and Mitigation Strategies Under River-Reservoir Hydrodynamics in the Three Gorges Reservoir Fluctuation Zone, Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Water Resources/ ; No. CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0077//Chongqing Municipality Key Project for Technological Innovation and Application Development/ ; },
abstract = {In struggling against invasive species ravaging riverscape ecosystems, gaps in dispersal pathway knowledge and fragmented approaches across scales have long stalled effective riparian management worldwide. To reduce these limitations and enhance invasion management strategies, selecting appropriate alien species as models for in-depth pathway analysis is essential. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (alligator weed) emerges as an exemplary model species, boasting an invasion record of around 120 years spanning five continents worldwide, supported by genetic evidence of repeated introductions. In addition, the clonal reproduction of A. philoxeroides supports swift establishment, while its amphibious versatility allows occupation of varied riparian environments, with spread driven by natural water-mediated dispersal (hydrochory) and human-related vectors at multiple scales. Thus, leveraging A. philoxeroides, this review proposes a comprehensive multi-scale framework, which integrates monitoring with remote sensing, environmental DNA, Internet of Things, and crowdsourcing for real-time detection. Also, the framework can further integrate, e.g., MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy Model) for climatic suitability and mechanistic simulations of hydrodynamics and human-mediated dispersal to forecast invasion risks. Furthermore, decision-support systems developed from the framework can optimize controls like herbicides and biocontrol, managing uncertainties adaptively. At the global scale, the dispersal paradigm can employ AI-driven knowledge graphs for genetic attribution, multilayer networks, and causal inference to trace pathways and identify disruptions. Based on the premise that our multi-scale framework can bridge invasion ecology with riverscape management using A. philoxeroides as a model, we contend that the implementation of the proposed framework tackles core challenges, such as sampling biases, shifting environmental dynamics, eco-evolutionary interactions using stratified sampling, and adaptive online algorithms. This methodology is purposed to offer scalable tools for other aquatic invasives, evolving management from reactive measures to proactive, network-based approaches that effectively interrupt dispersal routes.},
}
@article {pmid41599409,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, L and Yu, H and Qu, G and Jin, J and Wang, J and Xing, Y},
title = {BAM 15 Exerts Molluscicidal Effects on Pomacea canaliculata Through the Induction of Oxidative Stress, Impaired Energy Metabolism, and Tissue Damage.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41599409},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {No. ZDXYS202207//The Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science, Technology and Education/ ; No. wk023-009//The Open Project of National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention/ ; },
mesh = {*Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Animals ; *Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; *Molluscacides/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Snails/drug effects/metabolism ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; Metabolomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), an invasive species originating from South America, has inflicted considerable agricultural and ecological harm in non-native habitats. While the molluscicide niclosamide is currently effective against P. canaliculata, its prolonged use raises environmental concerns and the risk of resistance development.<br><br>RESULTS: BAM 15 possesses strong molluscicidal activity against P. canaliculata, with 72 h LC50 values of 0.4564 mg/L for adults (shell height: 20-25 mm), 0.3352 mg/L for subadults (10-15 mm), and 0.1142 mg/L for juveniles (2-3 mm). Metabolomic and proteomic profiling revealed that the altered metabolites and proteins both converged on energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Experimental validation revealed that BAM15 collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential, drove MDA and H2O2 upward while depleting NADPH, boosted CAT, SOD and GPX activities, yet suppressed GR, and ultimately inflicted overt damage in the head-foot tissue of P. canaliculata.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that BAM 15 operates via a three-stage mechanism: (1) it disrupts membrane potential (&#x394;&#x3a8;m) and impairs ATP production, severely disturbing energy metabolism; (2) energy deficits stimulate excessive electron transport chain activity, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiating oxidative stress; (3) persistent metabolic imbalance and oxidative damage culminate in extensive tissue injury. These results identify BAM 15 as a promising candidate for molluscicide development.},
}
@article {pmid41598980,
year = {2026},
author = {Gao, Q and Li, Z and Tang, J and Zhu, J and Wu, Y and Lyu, B and Hu, G},
title = {Integrating Morphological, Molecular, and Climatic Evidence to Distinguish Two Cryptic Rice Leaf Folder Species and Assess Their Potential Distributions.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41598980},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The larvae and damage symptoms of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Cnaphalocrocis patnalis exhibit a high degree of similarity, which often leads to confusion between the two species. This has posed challenges for research on their population dynamics and the development of effective control measures. To better understand their morphological and damage characteristics, population dynamics, species identification based on COI gene fragments, and potential future distribution, a searchlight trap monitoring program was conducted for C. medinalis and its closely related species C. patnalis across four sites in Longhua, Haitang, and Yazhou districts in Hainan Province from 2021 to 2023. The MaxEnt model was utilized to predict the potential global distribution of both species, incorporating known occurrence points and climate variables. The trapping results revealed that both species reached peak abundance between April and June, with a maximum of 1500 individuals captured in May at Beishan Village, Haitang District. Interannual population fluctuations of both species generally followed a unimodal pattern. Genetic analyses revealed distinct differences in the mitochondrial COI gene fragment, confirming that C. medinalis and C. patnalis are closely related yet distinct species. The population peak of C. patnalis occurred slightly earlier than that of C. medinalis, and its field damage was more severe. Infestations during the booting to heading stages of rice significantly reduced seed-setting rates and overall yield. Model predictions indicated that large areas of southern Eurasia are suitable for the survival of both species, with precipitation during the wettest month identified as the primary environmental factor shaping their potential distributions. At present, moderately and highly suitable habitats for C. medinalis account for 2.50% and 2.27% of the global land area, respectively, whereas those for C. patnalis account for 2.85% and 1.19%. These results highlight that climate change is likely to exacerbate the damage caused by both rice leaf-roller pests, particularly the emerging threat posed by C. patnalis. Overall, this study provides a scientific basis for invasion risk assessment and the development of integrated management strategies targeting the combined impacts of C. medinalis and C. patnalis.},
}
@article {pmid41598976,
year = {2026},
author = {Goglia, L and Formisano, G and Guastaferro, VM and Albano, L and Crispo, DG and Griffo, R and Di Prisco, G and Giorgini, M},
title = {The Invasive Nearctic Pest Platynota stultana Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Is Established in Southern Italy.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41598976},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {CUP B73C24001270005//Vesuvius National Park Institution/ ; CUP B29I22001290009//Government of the Campania Region of Italy/ ; },
abstract = {Platynota stultana is a Nearctic moth of economic importance for many crops in North America. It is a quarantine pest in Europe, where Mediterranean regions, with warm climates similar to those of the moth's native range, are at risk of invasion. To date, the species is established only in Spain. It has been reported sporadically in Italy, but it is unknown whether these were transient findings or the result of an establishment. In this study, the presence of P. stultana in the Campania region, Southern Italy, was recorded. Adults of both sexes were found in different locations and in two consecutive years, suggesting that the species is established. Sequencing the COI gene identified three haplotypes of P. stultana, suggesting possible multiple introductions. The two most numerous haplotypes were identical to haplotypes from Florida. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the P. stultana clade splits into two subclades. The Italian haplotypes are all grouped into the same subclade. Our data suggest that P. stultana is expanding its range of invasion into Southern Italy, where, due to global warming, it may find increasingly favorable conditions and become an economic pest. A monitoring plan is required to allow timely implementation of control measures.},
}
@article {pmid41598968,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, K and Wang, Y and Yan, S and Wan, F and Smagghe, G and Yang, W},
title = {Identification and Functional Characterization of Chitinase Genes During Larva-Pupa-Adult Transitions in Tuta absoluta.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41598968},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {QKHJC-ZK-2022-003//Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; GCC-2023-071//Program of Excellent Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ-2023-024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; },
abstract = {Chitinases are crucial in the molting process of insects and represent potential targets for the development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based insecticidal strategies. In this study, we identified and characterized 11 chitinase genes (TaChts) in T. absoluta, each harboring at least one GH18 catalytic domain. Phylogenetic analysis placed these proteins into 11 established groups (I-X and h), revealing conserved lineage-specific patterns. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed that most TaChts peak during key developmental transitions. TaCht1, TaCht2, TaCht3, TaCht5, TaCht6, TaCht7, TaCht10, TaCht-h, and TaIDGF were predominantly expressed in the integument, whereas TaCht8 and TaCht11 showed gut-enriched expression, indicating functional specialization. Stage-tailored RNAi assays demonstrated that silencing TaCht5, TaCht7, TaCht10, and TaIDGF caused pronounced mortality in both larvae and pupae. In larvae, delivery of dsRNA using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) disrupted molting: knockdown of TaCht7, TaCht10, and TaIDGF prevented shedding of the old cuticle, whereas TaCht5 silencing produced severe cuticular shrinkage and blackening. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed detachment of epidermal cells from the cuticle, providing cytological evidence of disrupted cuticle-epidermis remodeling. In pupae, microinjection of dsRNA induced cuticular collapse, melanization, and eclosion failure due to persistent adhesion of the pupal case, accompanied by marked reductions in chitinase activity. Together, our findings highlight the critical roles of four key chitinases in endocuticular turnover and metamorphic progression in T. absoluta, offering mechanistic insight into chitin-mediated developmental processes. The identified genes represent strong candidates for RNAi-based, species-specific pest management strategies against this globally significant insect.},
}
@article {pmid41598956,
year = {2026},
author = {Gullickson, MG and Averello, V and Rogers, MA and Hutchison, WD and Hegeman, A},
title = {Evaluating Real-Time PCR to Quantify Drosophila suzukii Infestation of Fruit Crops.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41598956},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {NA//Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota/ ; },
abstract = {Common methods for detecting Drosophila suzukii (spotted-wing drosophila, SWD) in fruit, such as microscopy, physical extraction, and incubation, are time-consuming and may underrepresent egg and first instar larvae counts, the smallest life stages of SWD. To address these limitations, we evaluated a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol to detect and quantify SWD eggs using a linear model of the log-transformed ratio of eggs to sample volume (µL) in Tris buffer and fruit tissue. Compared to traditional approaches, this method reduces identification time from several weeks to approximately five hours. We observed a negative linear correlation between qPCR cycle threshold and egg concentration in both standard and fruit tissue samples, with similar model fits (R[2] = 0.7215 for field fruit tissue; R[2] = 0.874 for standard samples). This DNA-based protocol improves infestation detection speed and accuracy by enabling rapid, species-specific identification of D. suzukii in fruit tissue, addressing limitations of morphological identification of eggs and larvae. Further refinement for fruit tissue could enhance real-world applicability. Rapid detection may enable timely assessment of varietal resistance to SWD and support safer control strategies targeting early life stages, helping to prevent pest development and fruit degradation.},
}
@article {pmid41598943,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, R and Hong, L and Gao, J and Wang, W and Wen, Q and Wang, G and Zhang, T and Xu, T},
title = {Characterization of Chemical Defensive Behavior and Associated Glands in the Destructive Invasive Longhorn Beetle Aromia bungii.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41598943},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2021kj90//the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry/ ; 2020kj002//the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry/ ; 32001322//the National Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {This study characterizes the chemical defense system of the invasive longhorn beetle Aromia bungii, a destructive pest of Prunus trees, addressing the limited understanding of chemical defensive mechanisms in Cerambycidae. High-speed cameras, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), dissection, and micro-CT imaging were used to investigate defensive behavior, and the structure of the defense system, in this beetle. Both sexes of A. bungii possess a pair of triangular, sac-like defensive glands symmetrically located in the metathorax, attached to the metasternum. Upon mechanical stimulation, white liquid defensive substances are rapidly ejected through a pair of slit-shaped openings (~200 µm) at the metasternum corners, without gland eversion, reaching over 50 cm. The average weight of substances ejected in first sprays was 7.95 ± 0.79 mg for females and 8.62 ± 2.13 mg for males (mean ± se), with no significant difference between sexes. However, the weight in second sprays after 10 days was significantly lower, at 2.93 ± 0.54 mg for females and 2.22 ± 0.40 mg for males (mean ± se), suggesting that the beetles cannot re-synthesize the substances soon after spray. The weight of ejected substances had no correlation with beetle body weight. Our findings represent the first detailed morphological and functional description of a chemical defense system in Cerambycidae, revealing a specialized metasternal gland and spray mechanism. The substantial but likely non-renewable defensive substances reflect an adaptive trade-off in energy allocation between reproduction and defense in this species that exhibits high fecundity but a short lifespan at the adult stage.},
}
@article {pmid41598935,
year = {2026},
author = {Fang, X and Wen, R and Yang, L and Guo, J and Shen, W and Yang, N and Wan, F and Lü, Z and Liu, W},
title = {Multi-Condition Cultivation Reveals the Host Plant-Dependent Gut Bacteria Diversity in Tomato Leafminer (Tuta absoluta) Larvae.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41598935},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2024YFC2607600 and 2025YFC2609100//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2022TSYCCX0084//Tian-Shan Talent Program/ ; XZ202401ZY0031//Xi-Zang Key Research and Development Program/ ; XBZX-04//Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program/ ; },
abstract = {Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) significantly affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) crops worldwide, with its feeding patterns being closely associated with its gut microbiota. We aimed to compare the cultivable gut bacteria of T. absoluta larvae fed on tomato and eggplant to investigate their role in host adaptation. Gut bacteria were cultivated on Luria-Bertani broth, nutrient agar, and Brain Heart Infusion media under different temperature conditions, followed by morphology- and 16S rRNA-based identification. Notably, both feeding groups revealed distinct gut bacterial community structures. Tomato-fed larvae harbored bacteria spanning eight species, five genera, four families, and two phyla. In contrast, eggplant-fed larvae exhibited greater microbial diversity, encompassing 15 species, 10 genera, 9 families, and 3 phyla, including unique genera such as Pseudomonas and Pectobacterium, which was attributed to the host plant contribution. Enterococcus mundtii was the most dominant bacterium, and species such as Bacillus wiedmannii and Micrococcus luteus were most thermotolerant. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of multi-condition culture approaches for thoroughly characterizing insect gut microbiota and underscore the role of host plants in pest adaptability by modulating gut microbial communities, providing new insights for developing sustainable control strategies utilizing "plant-insect-microorganism" interactions.},
}
@article {pmid41598925,
year = {2026},
author = {Kang, JY and Jeong, G and An, IJ and Kim, K and Son, SH and Park, S},
title = {Endosymbiont Infections in Korean Insects: Patterns Across Orders and Habitat Types.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41598925},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {NIE-B-2025-38//National Institute of Ecology/ ; },
abstract = {Endosymbiotic bacteria influence the ecology and evolution of insects through complex associations within host cells. To explore how these relationships vary among environments and taxa, we examined 1028 insect specimens from 14 orders across Korea for infections by three representative endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Spiroplasma). Overall, 33.8% of specimens were infected, with single infections predominating and co-infections remaining relatively less common. Weak-to-modest but statistically significant associations were detected between several symbiont pairs (Rickettsia-Spiroplasma, Wolbachia-Spiroplasma, and Wolbachia-Rickettsia). Infection rates exhibited no significant variation among host orders except for Spiroplasma, and Wolbachia infections were more frequently detected in terrestrial than in aquatic insects. These results indicate that endosymbiont infection patterns might be shaped by factors operating at multiple biological scales, including host taxonomy and habitat types. As this study relied on polymerase chain reaction detection, infection frequencies should be interpreted as comparative rather than absolute measures. This survey provides baseline data that might help characterize regional patterns of endosymbiont distributions and their variation across taxonomic and ecological contexts.},
}
@article {pmid41598867,
year = {2025},
author = {Mosore, MT and Mishra, S and Villa, M and Agbodzi, B and Estep, AS and Prasauskas, A and Qualls, WA and Killingsworth, D and Unlu, I and Tressler, M and Dinglasan, RR and Burgess, ER},
title = {A Tandem Metabarcoding and Taxonomic Forensics Approach to Surveillance of Mosquito-Plant Interactions for Culex quinquefasciatus in Florida.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41598867},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {31236//Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/ ; },
abstract = {Interactions with plants are an important aspect of mosquito vector biology and ecology because mosquitoes often use plants as nutritional resources. Plant DNA metabarcoding is a recent approach to address this topic. Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of several important pathogens in Florida and is subject to significant control efforts, but no studies to date have explored what plants they may feed on. We addressed this by conducting a statewide collection of Cx. quinquefasciatus from six Florida counties and subjected them to plant DNA metabarcoding and cross-referenced the identified plants to a Florida state plant voucher database for each sampled county. A total of 30 families and 47 genera were identified. Plants included many that are cultivated and non-cultivated in Florida, including backyard garden produce, grasses, and some invasive species. Concurrence of plant families and genera was generally high in the respective sampled counties based on available plant vouchers. These data provide the first statewide survey of plants associated with Cx. quinquefasciatus in Florida. This information serves as an important basis for confirming plant taxa that are important to Cx. quinquefasciatus, which could translate to the development of better control strategies and tools.},
}
@article {pmid41596928,
year = {2026},
author = {Kizilkoy, IC and Tekle, S and Bozkurt, F and Goktas, H and Ozcan, FS and Yilmaz, M and Sagdic, O},
title = {Valorization of the Invasive Fish Atherina boyeri (Risso, 1810) as a Source of Protein Hydrolysates with Functional and Bioactive Properties.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41596928},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {The invasive fish Atherina boyeri constitutes an ecologically disruptive yet underexploited biomass with strong potential for transformation into value-added biofunctional ingredients. This study investigates the functional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of protein hydrolysates that were produced from fish collected in the Hirfanlı and Yamula reservoirs using three commercial proteases (alcalase, bromelain, and flavourzyme). Bromelain produced the highest degree of hydrolysis, yielding higher proportions of low-molecular-weight peptides and greater radical-scavenging activity. Flavourzyme hydrolysates exhibited the most favorable emulsifying properties, Alcalase hydrolysates produced the highest foaming capacity and stability. All hydrolysates showed high absolute zeta-potential values across pH 3-9, demonstrating strong colloidal stability. Protein solubility remained above 80% across most pH levels, indicating extensive peptide release and improved compatibility with aqueous media. The Oil-binding capacity (2.78-3.75 mL/g) was consistent with reported values for marine hydrolysates. Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluations revealed clear enzyme-dependent patterns, with Bromelain exhibiting the strongest DPPH activity and Alcalase and Flavourzyme showing the most pronounced inhibition of major foodborne pathogens. Additionally, all hydrolysates exhibited measurable ACE-inhibitory activity, with flavourzyme-derived peptides showing the highest inhibitory activity, underscoring their potential relevance for antihypertensive applications. These findings highlight the strategic valorization of A. boyeri through enzymatic hydrolysis, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable, clean-label functional ingredient source.},
}
@article {pmid41594906,
year = {2026},
author = {Qiao, Q and Chen, Y and Chen, J and Chen, T and Feng, H and Salum, YM and Wang, H and Tang, L and Zhang, H and Chen, Z and Lin, T and Wei, H and He, W},
title = {A Species-Specific COI PCR Approach for Discriminating Co-Occurring Thrips Species Using Crude DNA Extracts.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41594906},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2024NZ029029//Major Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province/ ; },
abstract = {Thrips are cosmopolitan agricultural pests and important vectors of plant viruses, and the increasing coexistence of multiple morphologically similar species has intensified the demand for species-specific molecular identification. However, traditional morphological identification and PCR assays using universal primers are often inadequate for mixed-species samples and field-adaptable application. In this study, we developed a species-specific molecular identification framework targeting a polymorphism-rich region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, which is more time-efficient than sequencing-based COI DNA barcoding, for four economically important thrips species in southern China, including the globally invasive Frankliniella occidentalis. By aligning COI sequences, polymorphism-rich regions were identified and used to design four species-specific primer pairs, each containing a diagnostic 3'-terminal nucleotide. These primers were combined with a PBS-based DNA extraction workflow optimized for single-insect samples that minimizes dependence on column-based purification. The assay achieved a practical detection limit of 1 ng per reaction, demonstrated species-specific amplification, and maintained reproducible amplification at DNA inputs of ≥1 ng per reaction. Notably, PCR inhibition caused by crude extracts was effectively alleviated by fivefold dilution. Although the chemical identities of the inhibitors remain unknown, interspecific variation in inhibition strength was observed, with T. hawaiiensis exhibiting the strongest suppression, possibly due to differences in lysate composition. This integrated framework balances target specificity, operational simplicity, and dilution-mitigated inhibition, providing a field-adaptable tool for thrips species identification and invasive species monitoring. Moreover, it provides a species-specific molecular foundation for downstream integration with visual nucleic acid detection platforms, such as the CRISPR/Cas12a system, thereby facilitating the future development of portable molecular identification workflows for small agricultural pests.},
}
@article {pmid41594441,
year = {2026},
author = {Peng, Z and Tang, Q and Liang, H and Zhang, X and Wang, X and Li, Y and Ding, P and Mai, Y and Wang, X},
title = {High Dietary Supplementation of Procyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Powders Enhances the Growth Performance and Muscle Crispness of Crisped Grass Carp.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41594441},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {No. 42177263//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202201010740//Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project/ ; A1-2601-25-414-112Z64//Xinglin Scholar Project, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/ ; },
abstract = {A comprehensive analysis was conducted to explore whether feeding inclusion procyanidin-rich grape seed powders (GSPs) affected the faba bean-induced muscle crispness in the aquaculture of crisped grass carp. The procyanidin content in the prepared GSP was 10.40 g/100 g. Additionally, one thousand 1-year-old grass carp with an initial weight of 27 g and an initial length of 12 cm were divided into five groups, including the blank control (basal diet); the positive control (faba bean diet); and the low (faba bean diet supplemented 100 mg/kg GSP), middle (faba bean diet supplemented 500 mg/kg GSP), and high (faba bean diet supplemented 1000 mg/kg GSP) GSP-supplemented groups. After feeding for 60 days, the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor were elevated in the high-GSP-supplemented group in comparison with the blank control (p < 0.05), accompanied by a significant decrease in the feeding coefficient (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, a significant increase in muscle ROS content, shear force, gumminess, and chewiness was determined in the high-GSP-supplemented group when compared with the positive group, suggesting that a relatively high daily supplement of GSP facilitated muscle crispness. Moreover, the composition of intestine microbiota was significantly varied between groups with the daily addition of GSP (p < 0.05). Among them, Lactococcus chungangensis was identified as the key biomarker of the high-GSP-supplemented group, which was closely related to the increased muscle ROS content, the modifications in muscle nutritional metabolites (Met, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:4n6, and C22:4n6), and the alterations in muscle texture (gumminess, chewiness, shear force, hardness, and adhesiveness). Based on these results, we believe that a relatively high daily supplement of GSP (1000 mg/kg) facilitated muscle crispness in the aquaculture of crisped grass carp.},
}
@article {pmid41594413,
year = {2026},
author = {Thoma, CT and Makridou, KN and Bakaloudis, DE},
title = {Spatial and Temporal Trends in the Invasion Dynamics of the Ring-Necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) in the Urban Complex of Thessaloniki, Greece.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41594413},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Invasive alien species pose a major threat to global biodiversity, especially within Europe. Understanding their spatial and temporal dynamics is essential for effective management planning and implementation. The ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri, hereafter RNP) has been established in Greece for over four decades, yet its invasion dynamics remain unstudied despite pilling evidence of ecological impacts. During 2024 and 2025, we conducted repeated transect surveys across 99 1 km[2] grid squares within the urban complex of Thessaloniki to assess environmental factors influencing occupancy and abundance, and to estimate RNP population trends. Dynamic occupancy and N-mixture models revealed that both the presence and abundance of RNP were positively associated with the proportion of dense urban fabric and urban green areas. The proportion of occupied sites increased by more than 10% between survey years (2024-2025), while the estimated population growth rate for this interval was 1.64, signaling a substantial short-term increase. Our findings provide the first detailed evidence of an established and growing RNP population within the urban complex of Thessaloniki, Greece. Continued monitoring and research on ecological impacts are essential, while any management actions should be developed with public engagement to ensure social acceptance and long-term effectiveness.},
}
@article {pmid41593392,
year = {2026},
author = {Mkechera, R and Dahiya, S},
title = {Advancements in the detection of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): a critical review of monitoring techniques for aquatic ecosystem management.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {2},
pages = {179},
pmid = {41593392},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Eichhornia ; *Introduced Species ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is globally recognized as an invasive species that adversely threatens freshwater ecosystems, ecological health, and economic stability. Its rapid proliferation obstructs waterways, reduces oxygen levels, and disrupts native biodiversity. In response to these challenges, researchers have increasingly adopted advanced computation techniques such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), remote sensing (RS), and hybrid approaches for the detection and monitoring of this species. This systematic review critically examines research published between 2012 and 2025, focusing on three core dimensions: the detection and monitoring techniques employed, the datasets used, and the performance metrics used to evaluate model effectiveness. A total of 74 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed from leading scientific databases. The review identifies key trends, including the increasing use of deep learning models between 2023 and 2025 and the variation in evaluation metrics across primary studies. Additionally, this study highlights the current limitations in dataset availability and the standardization of evaluation metrics. The findings aim to inform future research directions, promote methodological consistency, and support the development of robust, scalable strategies for the environmental monitoring of aquatic invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41591679,
year = {2026},
author = {Xue, Y and Wang, W and Lu, Y and Chen, J and Zhang, G and Liu, W and Wan, F and He, Z and Zhang, Y},
title = {Genetic Diversity and Endosymbiont Infection Patterns of the Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, in China.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {3},
pmid = {41591679},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {110202401016(LS-06)//Major Special Projects for Green Pest Control, China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/microbiology/genetics ; China ; *Symbiosis ; *Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Haplotypes ; },
abstract = {The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a globally invasive pest that affects both horticultural and agricultural systems, causing substantial economic losses. However, comprehensive studies on its invasion genetics and associated symbiotic landscape in China are lacking. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and examined the infection patterns of six key secondary endosymbionts in 1702 individuals from 73 populations across 18 provinces in China. Phylogenetic analysis incorporating global sequences revealed that Chinese populations are comprised of ten haplotypes. Genetic diversity was extremely low, with haplotype H1 being overwhelmingly dominant (97.60% of individuals) and shared with global invasive lineages. Endosymbiont screening showed a high prevalence of Arsenophonus (78.56%) and Hamiltonella (44.98%), with frequent co-infections. These results suggest that the widespread invasion of T. vaporariorum in China likely originated from a limited number of founder individuals, resulting in a significant genetic bottleneck. The invasion success appears to be associated with a "genotype-symbiotype complex"-the dominant H1 maternal lineage combined with a beneficial symbiotic toolkit. These findings provide insights into the invasion dynamics of this pest and implications for targeted control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41589066,
year = {2026},
author = {Sessi, IR and Henderson, JB and Martin, JA and Skehel, A and Pozo, G and Guillén Alcides, JA and de Ferran, V and Dumbacher, JP and Chaves, JA},
title = {First whole-genome assembly of the Galápagos Petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) using Oxford Nanopore sequencing to advance conservation genomics in a critically endangered seabird.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41589066},
issn = {2160-1836},
support = {2233210//National Science Foundation/ ; //ORG.one/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Endangered Species ; *Nanopore Sequencing ; *Genomics/methods ; *Genome ; *Birds/genetics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; Ecuador ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; },
abstract = {The Galápagos Petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) is a critically endangered procellariiform seabird endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Once abundant, its populations have sharply declined due to invasive predators, habitat degradation, and destruction of nest burrows. Although the species is distributed across several islands, the demographics of each population and their genetic relationships are poorly understood. To facilitate future studies of population structure and connectivity, we present the first high-quality reference genome for the Galápagos Petrel. The genome was assembled solely from ultra-long Oxford Nanopore sequence data collected from an adult female sampled on San Cristóbal Island. Sequencing was performed at the Galapagos Science Center, building local capacity for the generation of genomic data in remote regions. The final nuclear genome assembly spans 1.35 Gb in length, with average coverage of 36.07×, scaffold N50 of 74.2 Mb, and a BUSCO completeness of 99.95%. The genome comprises 41 pseudo-chromosomes, with 23 spanning from telomere to telomere and 16, including W and Z chromosomes, containing a single telomere. Chromosomal-level scaffolding by reference was performed using the genome of Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris borealis), a closely related species. This reference genome provides a foundational tool for comparative genomics, conservation biology, and functional studies of island-endemic avifauna, and demonstrates that recent advances in basecalling and error correction now enable Oxford Nanopore Technologies-only datasets to achieve assemblies comparable in quality to those generated using short-read or PacBio HiFi data. It will also facilitate future efforts to characterize genetic diversity, structural variation, and adaptive responses in this critically endangered species.},
}
@article {pmid41588497,
year = {2026},
author = {Ji, W and Dong, Z and Luo, M and Fu, B and Sheng, Q and Han, J},
title = {Optimized fermentation of Myxococcus fulvus WCH05 enhances biocontrol of pear fire blight in the field.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {140},
pmid = {41588497},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {2021D01D12//Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; 2024B04030//Autonomous region Key R &amp; D Program of Xinjiang, China/ ; 2021YFD1400200//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Myxococcus fulvus WCH05, isolated from desert soil in Manas County, Xinjiang, China, exhibits strong predatory activity against Erwinia amylovora and has potential for biocontrol of pear fire blight. To further explore its biocontrol potential and evaluate its efficacy in pear orchards, this study optimized the fermentation conditions of strain WCH05, targeting increased cell dry weight. A combination of single factor experiments, and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the fermentation medium (carbon source, nitrogen source, and inorganic salt) and fermentation parameters (temperature, pH, shaking speed, working volume, and inoculum size). The biocontrol efficacy of strain WCH05 against pear fire blight was subsequently evaluated in potted Pyrus betulifolia seedlings under greenhouse conditions and in pear orchards over two consecutive years. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined as follows: soluble starch 8.0 g/L, yeast extract 4.0 g/L, MgSO4 1.2 g/L, initial pH 7.0, working volume 40% (100 mL/250 mL), agitation speed 200 r/min, incubation temperature 30 ℃, inoculum size 7%, and incubation time 72 h. Under these optimized conditions, the cell dry weight reached 3.25 g/L, a 2.5-fold increase compared to the unoptimized condition (1.30 g/L). In greenhouse trials, application of the WCH05 fermentation broth significantly reduced shoot blight incidence (P < 0.05), achieving protective efficacy of 86.2% (7 days post-inoculation, dpi) and 82.6% (14 dpi), which were superior to the efficacy achieved with the unoptimized broth. In field trials conducted in Korla City, Xinjiang, in 2023, the control efficacy against pear fire blight exceeded 81.5%. In 2024, field trials conducted in Korla City and Zhangye City, Gansu Province, showed control efficacies ranging from 81.0% to 90.9% and 82.5% to 89.7%, respectively. Notably, strain WCH05 consistently exhibited higher control efficacy than the antibiotic Kasugamycin in both years of field trials.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-026-04778-2.},
}
@article {pmid41587648,
year = {2026},
author = {Tejeda, C and Pérez, N and Escobar, F and Iturra, D and Aristizábal, B and Raffo, E and Moroni, M and Salgado, M and Hernández, FA},
title = {Molecular evidence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) shedding in the invasive American mink (Neogale vison) in southern Chile.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {275},
number = {},
pages = {107991},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.107991},
pmid = {41587648},
issn = {1873-6254},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Chile/epidemiology ; *Mink/microbiology ; *Paratuberculosis/microbiology/epidemiology/transmission ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Male ; *Bacterial Shedding ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Lymph Nodes/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), a chronic enteritis affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. While MAP transmission primarily occurs among livestock, increasing attention has been given to the role of wildlife in the maintenance and spread of this pathogen. Invasive species, such as the American mink (Neogale vison), may serve as unexpected source of infection or mechanical vectors for MAP, especially in regions where wildlife and domestic animals share habitats. In this study, we performed a specific MAP-IS900 real-time PCR assay to detect bacterial DNA in mesenteric lymph nodes (MesLN) (n = 401) and colonic/rectal fecal swabs (n = 346) from minks in Los Ríos region, Chile. We detected MAP DNA in 16 % and 10 % of minks in MesLN and fecal swabs, respectively, while 4 % of minks were MAP qPCR-positive in both MesLN and fecal swab samples. Considering specimens with known sex and age, we detected MAP DNA in 22 % of minks in either MesLN or fecal swabs, where 21 % of males and 22 % of females were MAP qPCR-positives, and 15 % of juveniles, 25 % of subadults, and 21 % of adults were MAP DNA-positive in at least one sample type. Our study is the first report on MAP detection in this non-ruminant carnivore in Chile, raising further questions about interspecies transmission dynamics and the potential environmental dissemination of this bacterial agent. These findings highlight the need for broader surveillance strategies that incorporate wildlife, particularly invasive species, into MAP control programs.},
}
@article {pmid41584083,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, H and Wang, Y and Chen, Y and Shan, C and Wang, J and Wang, R and Shao, Y and Xu, J and Yao, X and Chen, K},
title = {Climate-driven invasion of Pomacea canaliculata and Angiostrongylus cantonensis transmission risk: Ecological niche modeling forecasts and public-health governance recommendations.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101315},
pmid = {41584083},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {Global climate change is rapidly reshaping species distribution patterns worldwide. Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail), an important invasive species in many countries, has experienced accelerated range expansion driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities. Owing to its high phenotypic plasticity, broad environmental tolerance, and high fecundity, this species causes severe agricultural damage and biodiversity loss. Importantly, P. canaliculata is a highly competent intermediate host of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis, posing a growing public health threat. This article synthesizes the biological traits, invasion mechanisms, and ecological impacts of P. canaliculata, together with the transmission cycle and epidemiology of A. cantonensis. Using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model under two future climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), we projected the spatiotemporal dynamics of suitable habitat for P. canaliculata. Current distributions are primarily driven by hydrothermal factors, with annual precipitation (BIO12) and maximum temperature of the warmest month (BIO5) exerting dominant influences, resulting in high suitability across tropical and subtropical regions. Under future warming, habitat suitability is projected to decline in low-latitude regions while expanding poleward, with increased fragmentation under SSP5-8.5. High-stability resilience hotspots, including the lower Yangtze River Basin and the Mississippi River Basin, are identified as priority areas for management. Based on these projections, we propose a precision governance framework integrating niche-based risk stratification, low-toxicity biocontrol, habitat management, cross-border surveillance, and public education to support climate-adaptive prevention of invasive species and parasite transmission.},
}
@article {pmid41583883,
year = {2026},
author = {Salinas, H and Veneklaas, EJ and Trevenen, E and Renton, M},
title = {Plant Root Architectural Traits Mediate a Trade-Off Between Suppression and Tolerance of Competitors.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72977},
pmid = {41583883},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Plants' competitive ability involves both suppressing the growth of neighbours (competitive effect) and resisting or tolerating their suppression (competitive response). Competition for below-ground resources must be related to the ability of plants to acquire these resources, which is mediated by roots and their morphology. However, the role of root architecture in the competitive ability of plants, and in the possible trade-offs among growth potential, competitive suppression and competition tolerance involved, has not been extensively studied. We used a functional-structural root model coupled with an evolutionary algorithm to simulate the evolution of root architectures in five scenarios with different plant densities. We asked (1) does selection under different intraspecific competition scenarios result in different root architectures? and (2) do differences in these architectures result in differences in growth potential and competitive ability, that is, competitive effect and response? Our results indicate that as the number of neighbours increases, selection on traits such as branching angles, gravitropism and branching probability results in root architectures that are deeper and sparser, resulting in lower shoot biomass. We also found a difference in competitive ability among architectures, with a trade-off between resistance to competition on one hand, and competitive effect and maximum productivity (maximum shoot biomass) on the other: there is not a globally optimal strategy. Our findings have implications for management of invasive species, improvement of crop yield and the study of species co-existence.},
}
@article {pmid41580856,
year = {2026},
author = {Leite, L and Samake, JN and Tadesse, FG and Irish, SR and Dotson, EM and Zohdy, S},
title = {An evaluation of longitudinal Anopheles stephensi egg viability and resistance to desiccation at different thermal conditions over time.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13071-026-07245-z},
pmid = {41580856},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {HHSN272201600013C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Anopheles stephensi, a malaria vector in South Asia and parts of the Middle East, has been detected as an invasive species in numerous African countries in recent years. It threatens to increase malaria disease burden and reverse gains made in malaria control and elimination. To halt further expansion, it is critical to understand the biological characteristics that may have facilitated An. stephensi range expansion. In its invasive range, An. stephensi larvae have been found to colonizea rtificial containers, many of which are shared with Aedes aegypti. The success of Ae. aegypti as an invasive vector is often attributed to the use of artificial containers and the ability of Ae. aegypti eggs toremain viable in the absence of water for months. While An. stephensi is found in artificial containers, itis unclear whether the eggs can remain viable without water for extended periods.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we used two laboratory strains of An. stephensi (SDA500 and STE2)and one Ae. aegypti strain (LVP-IB12) to evaluate 1) whether An. stephensi eggs can remainviable like Ae. aegypti when egg substrates are completely dried and 2) assess egg viabilityduration at varying temperatures when eggs are held on a moistened substrate in a highhumidity environment.<br><br>RESULTS: An. stephensi egg viability and subsequent larval survival was observed consistently when moistened egg sheets were held at 15&#x2da;C in a high humidity environment forup to 14 days in both strains. An. stephensi eggs were not viable when completely dried, exceptwhen the protocol was amended to include a 15&#xb0;C storage temperature. Though egg viability and larval survival was observed in the amended protocol for SDA500 and STE2 (16% and 21% respectively), it was significantly less than that of LVP-IB12 (83%) and was only observed in the eggs stored for the shortest timepoint.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These fi ndings suggest that An. stephensi may remain viable if eggs are transported underideal conditions (15&#x2da;C and >75% RH) through trade routes. Thus, the persistence of An. stephensi eggs inthe absence of water should be considered in programs that engage in surveillance and control of An. stephensi in Africa.},
}
@article {pmid41580417,
year = {2026},
author = {Ramachandran, A and Manickavasagam, M and Hariharan, S and Kanmani, S and Mathan, M and Ahamed Ibrahim, SN and Pavithrapriya, S and Praveenkumar, P and Geetha, R and Sathyapriya, K and Kumar, DS and Yasar Arafath, KA and Vijaya Kumar, VS and Balaji, L and Joseph, K},
title = {Climate-induced shifts in habitat suitability of forest types and adaptation strategies in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {3481},
pmid = {41580417},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {India ; *Climate Change ; *Forests ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Climate change poses a critical threat to forest ecosystems, particularly in biodiversity hotspots such as the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. This study aims to assess the current and future habitat suitability of dominant tree species representing evergreen, deciduous, and thorn forests using the MaxEnt species distribution model under the SSP2-4.5 climate scenario. A total of 240 geo-referenced occurrence points, along with 19 bioclimatic and topographic variables, were used to predict species-specific habitat changes for the near future (2021-2050), based on downscaled EC-Earth3 CMIP6 climate data. The model projects a significant decline in habitat suitability for evergreen (- 248.72 sq. km) and deciduous (- 720.21 sq. km) forests, while thorn forests are expected to expand by + 968.93 sq. km. District-level analysis highlights hotspots of change, such as Coimbatore (- 50.41 sq. km in evergreen and + 74.46 sq. km in thorn forest) and Erode (- 182.83 sq. km in deciduous and + 184.45 sq. km in thorn forest). These shifts are primarily driven by rising temperatures, increased precipitation seasonality, and changing elevation-related microclimates. The projected expansion of xerophytic thorn forests and concurrent contraction of mesic forests underscores a potential biome-level transition that may reduce biodiversity, alter carbon dynamics, and increase ecological vulnerability. To address these risks, adaptive strategies such as invasive species control, fire management, soil and water conservation, and multi-layered afforestation using native species are recommended. The findings emphasize the need for climate-resilient forest management, community-based conservation, and long-term ecological monitoring. This study offers spatially explicit insights to inform policy and conservation planning under a changing climate.},
}
@article {pmid41580390,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Z and Chi, Y and Liu, Z and Zhang, X and Zhang, G},
title = {National coastal wetland mapping over the last four decades: An annual classification with high accuracy.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {250},
pmid = {41580390},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {tsqn202408293//Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; 42071116//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {As a critical component of global wetland ecosystems, coastal wetlands are facing dual pressures from climate change and human activities, highlighting the urgent need for a precise classification dataset with large spatial scale and high temporal resolution. The national coastal wetland mappings year by year over the last four decades are crucial for coastal integrated management. A robust and automated classification method was developed based on coastline delineation and integrations of multiple algorithms. By analyzing more than 60,000 Landsat images of China's coastal areas and incorporating field survey validation data, an annual coastal wetland spatial distribution dataset with 30-meter spatial resolution spanning from 1985 to 2024 was established. The dataset obtained an average Kappa coefficient of 0.957 and a range from 0.978 to 0.935, and the average overall accuracy was 97.6% with a range of 97.12% - 97.85%. The proposed method has achieved high-precision annual coastal wetland spatial datasets and effectively monitored the impacts of invasive species and ecological restoration projects on interannual changes in coastal wetlands.},
}
@article {pmid41580279,
year = {2026},
author = {Shabgard, N and Schaerf, TM and Du, Y},
title = {Propagation through a barrier: Numerical analysis of a reaction-diffusion model with free boundary.},
journal = {Mathematical biosciences},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {109624},
doi = {10.1016/j.mbs.2026.109624},
pmid = {41580279},
issn = {1879-3134},
mesh = {*Models, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematical Concepts ; Population Dynamics ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {We try to better understand how a spatial barrier may affect the spreading of an invading species via numerical analysis of some variations of a free boundary model in [1, 2] (where only homogeneous environment was considered). Here we incorporate a spatial barrier by replacing a bistable growth term f(u) in the model with f(x,u)=u(r(x)-u)(u-θ), where θ ∈ (0, 1/2) and r(x)=1 except in the barrier region [x0,x0+l], in which r(x) becomes negative away from its boundary, representing the biological assumption that the environment becomes hostile to the species inside the barrier. A parameter α > 0 in the expression of r(x) is used to characterize the severity of the environmental hostility. We find that when all the other parameters are fixed there exists a critical value l* of the barrier length l such that successful spreading is continued past the barrier region when l < l*, and the propagation is blocked when l > l*. Similarly we show numerically that when all the other parameters are fixed, there is a critical value α* of the barrier severity α such that propagation can be continued when α < α*, but it is blocked when α > α*. The dependence of l* (respectively α*) on the other parameters are also analysed. To include temporal fluctuations of the environment, we further replace r(x) by a(t)r(x) with a(t) a positive time-periodic function of average 1, to represent the periodic modulation of the environment. Our numerical simulations suggest that increasing the magnitude of temporal variation enhances the ability of species invasion, while increasing the frequency of such variation reduces this ability. To see how Allee effect may influence the invasion with a barrier, our results based on a bistable f discussed above are compared with that for a model obtained from a standard monostable function (no Allee effect), namely f=u[r(x)-u] with the same r(x). A parallel numerical analysis shows that qualitatively everything is the same in the monostable case, including the numerical results incorporating seasonal changes (with r(x) replaced by a(t)r(x)). However, these numerical simulations indicate that in the bistable case (Allee effect included) the invasion is more likely to cross the barrier than in the monostable case (no Allee effect), suggesting the counter intuitive conclusion that Allee effect may increase the chance of invading across a barrier. Dedicated to Professor Shigui Ruan for his 60th birthday.},
}
@article {pmid41580113,
year = {2026},
author = {Lammers, M and Gorkum, TAMV and Hoeijmans, S and Kraaijeveld, K and Harvey, JA and Ellers, J},
title = {Lipids as currency in parasitoid competition: Interactions between two lipid-scavenging species.},
journal = {Journal of insect physiology},
volume = {169},
number = {},
pages = {104942},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinsphys.2026.104942},
pmid = {41580113},
issn = {1879-1611},
abstract = {Lipid scavengers are organisms that rely on exogenous lipid acquisition as they lack the ability to synthesize fatty acids de novo or in sufficient quantity. Most parasitoid wasps are lipid scavengers and obtain required lipids by feeding on their hosts as larvae. Here, we studied the nutritional ecology of competitive interactions and the possibility of trophic flexibility between a native species, the pupal ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis and an exotic species, the larval-pupal endoparasitoid, Tachinaephagus zealandicus. While the former species has been shown to alter host lipid content to their own benefit, we show that T. zealandicus also relies on host lipids. Competitive interactions between the two species were studied using non-choice tests, in which oviposition of T. zealandicus on a host was followed by multiparasitism by N. vitripennis. The outcome of competition was determined by the duration of the time lag between oviposition events. N. vitripennis prevailed when arriving three days after oviposition by T. zealandicus. In contrast, nine days after oviposition by T. zealandicus, no N. vitripennis offspring survived. Only when N. vitripennis laid eggs fifteen days after T. zealandicus did both species emerge from the same host. This suggests that successful emergence of N. vitripennis in this treatment was achieved through hyperparasitism. Choice experiments with hosts at different time intervals after T. zealandicus oviposition revealed a partial mismatch in N. vitripennis females between competition avoidance and offspring performance, which may be linked to the limited co-evolutionary time interval between the native and introduced species. We discuss the role of lipids in the context of interspecific competition in parasitoids.},
}
@article {pmid41578451,
year = {2026},
author = {Chouvenc, T},
title = {Ongoing monitoring of the spread of 2 invasive subterranean termite species (Coptotermes Wasmann) in Florida (1990 to 2025).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf370},
pmid = {41578451},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//USDA-NIFA Hatch/ ; #32742//Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/ ; },
abstract = {Within the past 4 decades, the 2 invasive and destructive subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann), have established in and spread throughout Florida. Monitoring efforts, initiated in the early 1990s, have substantially expanded in the past decade, providing improved resolution of where the 2 species have increased their distribution, allowing for the determination of which communities are most at risk of infestation by either species. This study provides insights on the outcome of the "Florida Termite ID Services" program, which has involved a growing number of participating pest control companies across the state over the years. Thanks to this enhanced monitoring effort, there is now concrete evidence that the Formosan subterranean termite (C. formosanus) has established in most Florida coastal counties and within most large urban areas across the state. Contrary to initial expectations, the Asian subterranean termite (C. gestroi) has established in new localities beyond South Florida, where it was initially restricted, now impacts a growing number of communities. In South Florida specifically, the initial projection that 50% of the metropolitan area will likely be at risk of infestation by either termite species by ∼2040, remains valid. This study highlights the importance of monitoring the spread of these 2 invasive species in partnership with pest control providers, so as to continue to bring awareness of the growing termite risks to exposed communities.},
}
@article {pmid41575584,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, Y and Xu, Q and Sun, F and Wang, X and Zhou, W and Yue, M and Gao, L and Li, W},
title = {Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria Mediate Light-Potassium Synergy to Enable Native Pueraria lobata to Outcompete Invasive Mikania micrantha.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {89},
number = {1},
pages = {47},
pmid = {41575584},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {2022A1515011169//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund/ ; 2023S017084//Guangdong Province Science and Technology Innovation Strategic Special Project/ ; 2022s037//the Maoming City Science and Technology Plan Project/ ; 32172430//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Pueraria/microbiology/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Soil Microbiology ; *Potassium/metabolism ; Rhizosphere ; *Bacteria/metabolism/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Mikania/growth &amp; development/microbiology/metabolism/physiology ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The invasive vine Mikania micrantha H. B. K. poses severe threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability in tropical and subtropical regions, calling for sustainable ecological approaches. This study explores how the native legume Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii Benth displaces M. micrantha in the field, with a focus on the synergistic roles of light capture advantage and rhizosphere potassium (K) dynamics driven by specialized bacteria. In competitive ecotones, P. lobata demonstrated superior growth and photosynthetic performance relative to M. micrantha. Its main stem length was 1.31 times greater, while net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were 80%, 110.7%, and 21.4% higher, respectively. Soils associated with P. lobata contained significantly higher available K, correlated with enhanced enzyme activities, indicating a "microbe-enzyme-K" activation cascade. P. lobata specifically enriched efficient potassium‑solubilizing bacteria (KSB), such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Isolated KSB strains exhibited K‑solubilizing and plant‑growth‑promoting capacities and increased the competitive balance index of P. lobata in inoculation assays. Partial least‑squares discriminant analysis confirmed that KSB‑mediated K mobilization boosted stem elongation primarily by improving photosynthetic potassium use efficiency (PKUE), forming a reinforcing "light-K-microbe" loop that drives competitive displacement. This work establishes a "microbe‑mediated invasion suppression" framework, demonstrating how a native plant can couple superior light‑use efficiency with a specialized rhizosphere microbiome to outcompete an invasive species. We propose that managing potassium‑solubilizing microbiomes offers a sustainable strategy for ecological restoration in K‑limited ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41575557,
year = {2026},
author = {Shah, SMR and Hadayat, N and Shafqat, J and Hameed, M and Ahmad, MSA and Ahmad, F and Zia, M and Abbas, Z and Parveen, Z and Ashraf, M and Iqbal, U and Asghar, A and Fatima, S and Basharat, S},
title = {Root microstructural traits regulate ion homeostasis in bush morning glory (Ipomoea carnea Jacq.) for invasiveness success in saline environments.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {113},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
pmid = {41575557},
issn = {1432-1904},
}
@article {pmid41568693,
year = {2026},
author = {Bonebrake, TC},
title = {Extinction threats from anthropogenic climate change and overexploitation interactions.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0429},
pmid = {41568693},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Biodiversity ; *Anthropogenic Effects ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Animals ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Over the past century and into the present, rates of overexploitation of species globally have increased significantly (for large species and small) coupled with human-caused global warming. Here, I document the primary mechanisms of extinction caused by combinations of overexploitation and climate change. Species affected in the past by one or the other (e.g. leading to distribution reduction) are often those most vulnerable to one or both (e.g. exploitation of remnant populations). There are also important trait and genetic consequences of both climate change and overexploitation that can render species vulnerable to on-going biodiversity threats. Together, changes in distributions, population sizes and traits caused by both climate change and overexploitation can lead to complex outcomes for species. Particularly in the face of habitat loss, invasive species, pollution and other escalating biodiversity threats in the Anthropocene, the combined effects of overexploitation and climate change are certain to have widespread consequences for ecosystems and the future of biodiversity. Advancement in our understanding of how these threats drive extinction and biodiversity change will provide support for improved management decisions to mitigate these consequences for human health and well-being. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene'.},
}
@article {pmid41568689,
year = {2026},
author = {Carlton, JT and Schwindt, E},
title = {The concept of biological invasions in the Anthropocene: introductions and range expansions.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0420},
pmid = {41568689},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biological Evolution ; Animals ; *Animal Distribution ; Humans ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {In the warming world of the Anthropocene, as well as classically, biological invasions include introductions (introduced species) and range expansions, both of which describe the arrival of species into regions where they did not occur historically (but where they may have existed prehistorically). Such species may then become important actors on the ecological stage and may also impact many axes of human society, including the economy and health. Here we offer a detailed clarification on why range expansions are fully accommodated within the framework of biological invasions, based upon fundamental biogeographic and ecological-evolutionary principles. Critically, range expansions may occur owing to both dispersal by ocean currents, winds or birds, and by anthropogenic vectors transporting species into regions previously too cold for colonization. Thus, many range expansions may in fact be human-mediated introductions. We emphasize that invasion (as opposed to invasive) is a biogeographic concept and does not imply any particular type or level of impact. An invasion is an invasion, regardless of the source, vector, rates of movement, presumed evolutionary familiarity of arriving species with resident taxa in the sink region, geological history (prehistoric occurrences), genetics, ecology, biology or predicted consequences of a species' arrival, including predicted intensity of impacts. All of these attributes are fundamental aspects of understanding a species' past, present and future history, but do not remove a species from the category of being a new arrival in historical time in a community. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene'.},
}
@article {pmid41568688,
year = {2026},
author = {Weerachai, L and Yasuhara, M and Wei, CL and Zhang, J and Hong, Y and Chiu, WR and Albano, PG and Hyams-Kaphzan, O},
title = {Ostracod introductions show how the Lessepsian invasion is undermining the unique evolutionary history of the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2025.0192},
pmid = {41568688},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China/ ; //The University of Hong Kong's Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research/ ; //SKLMP Seed Collaborative Research Fund/ ; //The Austrian Science Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Crustacea/physiology ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Biological Evolution ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Fossils ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {The Lessepsian invasion, the largest marine biological invasion from the Indo-Pacific to the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal, can be regarded as a partial human-induced reversal of the main direction of geological-time-scale biodiversity shifts from the Tethys Sea (present Mediterranean) to the Coral Triangle (southeast Asia and Melanesia) over tens of million years. To fully understand this macroevolutionary 'round trip', we need to investigate marine taxonomic groups with high fossilization potential and excellent fossil records. One such group is ostracods (Crustacea). While ostracods are well studied in regard to their Cenozoic biodiversity shifts, almost nothing is known about their role in the Lessepsian invasion. Here, we investigate present-day shallow-marine assemblages from surface sediment samples of the Israeli shelf (eastern Mediterranean) to investigate the occurrence of non-indigenous ostracods, identifying potentially eight such species. Based on our assessment of their geographical distribution, many of them belong to lineages that moved from Tethys to the central Indo-Pacific during the Cenozoic, before the counter migration to the Mediterranean. This is the first comprehensive assessment of ostracods during the Lessepsian invasion and an important step forward to a fuller understanding of this unique 'round trip' that undermines the biogeographical and evolutionary uniqueness of the Mediterranean ecosystem. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene'.},
}
@article {pmid41568687,
year = {2026},
author = {Cohen, AN},
title = {Signals of coastal marine bioinvasions in the geological record.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0437},
pmid = {41568687},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {*Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Fossils ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Changes resulting from anthropogenic biological invasions in coastal marine and estuarine waters may be preserved as signals in the fossil record. Three types of signals-species appearances, species reductions or disappearances and morphological changes in fossil remains-are discussed. Biological invasions recognized in the geological record have often been characterized by multiple species moving along a new physical connection between two previously isolated regions; however, the signal from anthropogenic marine invasions (with the possible exception of invasions through major canals) will be more diffuse, owing to the multiplicity of invasion routes and frequent changes in the dominant invasion vectors over geologically short periods of time. Governing authorities could limit the anthropogenic marine invasion signal by adequately regulating the transport and release of marine species from one part of the world to another. Unfortunately, even for what is arguably the most important and easiest to manage of modern marine invasion vectors-organisms carried in ships' ballast water tanks-the world's governments have so far failed to take the most obvious regulatory actions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene'.},
}
@article {pmid41568686,
year = {2026},
author = {Dudgeon, D and Liew, JH},
title = {Welcome to the Homogenocene? Trajectories of change in global freshwater fish biodiversity during the Anthropocene: evidence from tropical East Asia.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0424},
pmid = {41568686},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Climate Change ; Fresh Water ; Asia, Eastern ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Interactions between climate change and anthropogenic stressors such as poor water quality and habitat degradation have had deleterious consequences for freshwater biodiversity, enhancing the spread of non-native species tolerant of a range of conditions, while reducing the resilience of native species. Analysis of freshwater fishes (Actinopterygii) reveals a gradual rise in the proportion of non-native species, and the homogenization of biotas since the start of the Anthropocene has accelerated in recent years. This process has been more apparent in some regions, but after a slight lag, less impacted regions, such as East Asia, are catching up, and the greater prevalence of non-native species has increased assemblage homogeneity. Using examples from human-dominated landscapes in tropical East Asia, especially China, we describe the increasing dominance of non-native fishes (NNF) in degraded or novel habitats. In highly urbanized Hong Kong and Singapore, their richness has grown to exceed the number of native species. They include fishes introduced for aquaculture and a growing variety imported for tropical aquaria. Species that have life-history adaptations with no analogues among their East Asian counterparts have become particularly successful. As climate-change 'winners', NNF will become more prevalent in a warmer world, leaving a distinctive Anthropocene fingerprint upon freshwater ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene.'},
}
@article {pmid41568019,
year = {2026},
author = {Gould, J and Beranek, C},
title = {Gene Flooding: Proposal to Flood Invasive Populations With Inbred Individuals as a Form of Low-Tech Genetic Control.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72913},
pmid = {41568019},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Genetic controls are at the cutting edge of invasive species management whereby modified individuals are released into target populations to induce declines by disrupting their reproductive potential. Yet, such methods are not always feasible without considerable costs and expertise. We propose an alternative, low-tech genetic approach that reduces the genetic diversity of invasive wild populations by flooding them with related individuals from an inbred colony that have been derived from a single ancestral line. We refer to this process as 'gene flooding' and explore its potential use to control invasive mosquitofish, Gambusia spp. Using this hypothetical approach, the repeated release of inbred individuals across multiple generations inflicts sustained genetic bottlenecking on a target population as the frequency of gene variants from the wild population are diluted in the gene pool, causing saturation with a small subset of gene variants derived from the inbred colony. Our simulation of gene flooding demonstrates evidence of its capacity to cause the loss of wild type genetics and to keep a wild population in a suspended genetic state thereafter, because it is being pumped with a static allele pool and continuously over many generations. These processes suppress the population's ability to adapt to evolutionary pressures it experiences in the habitat it has invaded. It may be possible to disrupt the genetic integrity of small and isolated invasive populations using low-tech genetic controls such as gene flooding, which requires real-world testing.},
}
@article {pmid41568016,
year = {2026},
author = {Mu, C and Wang, J},
title = {Predicting the Potential Spread of Invasive Reptiles From Hong Kong and Taiwan to Other Regions of China.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72947},
pmid = {41568016},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Biological invasions pose significant threats to global ecosystems, with invasive reptiles causing particular concern due to their increasing spread through international trade and potential range expansion under climate change. This study investigated the potential spread of five invasive reptile species that have established breeding populations in Hong Kong and Taiwan but have not yet invaded mainland China. Using the Maximum Entropy algorithm in Species Distribution Models, we integrated global occurrence records with current and future environmental variables to predict suitable habitats and potential distribution changes under different climate scenarios. We assess invasion risk based on the current and future distribution ranges of suitable habitats for invasive species. Our study results indicate the brown anole (Anolis sagrei) has the widest predicted distribution range, with suitable habitats across most regions of China, thus posing the highest invasion risk. The veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus), Brook's house gecko (Hemidactylus brookii), and the green iguana (Iguana iguana) also present elevated invasion risks, as their suitable habitats are primarily located in southern China. In contrast, the monarch gecko (Gekko monarchus) has extremely low invasion potential, with only a small number of suitable habitats found along the southern coastal regions of China. Temperature and precipitation emerged as the primary factors influencing species distribution. Future climate projections indicate that the suitable habitats for all species will significantly expand, with distribution centers notably shifting northward and inland, particularly under high greenhouse gas emission scenarios. This study underscores the importance of species-specific management strategies and enhanced biosecurity measures, especially in regions identified as high-risk areas. It provides valuable evidence for developing proactive measures to prevent the spread of these high-risk invasive reptiles from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China.},
}
@article {pmid41567863,
year = {2025},
author = {Castro, JP and Degrandi, TM and Leal, AO and Ferreira Júnior, AL and de Almeida, MC and Artoni, RF},
title = {A diverse satellite DNA repertoire in Limnoperna fortunei: insights into genome structure and chromosomal organization.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1733652},
pmid = {41567863},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Golden Mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, represents one of the most successful aquatic invaders in South America, causing significant ecological and economic impacts. Repetitive DNA sequences, particularly satellite DNAs (satDNAs), play crucial roles in genome architecture and evolution, yet the satDNA landscape of this invasive species remains largely uncharacterized. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the satellitome of L. fortunei using integrated computational and cytogenetic approaches.<br><br>METHODS: We employed a read-clustering approach (RepeatExplorer2) to identify satDNA families from short-read genomic data. The identified families were then mapped onto the chromosome-level reference genome in silico to determine their chromosomal distribution. The physical localization of two representative satDNA families with contrasting distribution patterns was validated through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on meiotic chromosomes.<br><br>RESULTS: Our analysis identified 129 distinct satDNA families, which were estimated to comprise approximately 9.1% of the genome based on read clustering. Subsequent in silico mapping successfully localized 126 of these families to the reference genome, where they collectively represented approximately 5.3% of the assembled chromosomes. Most families showed low divergence levels (0%-5% Kimura substitutions), suggesting recent amplification events. While most satDNAs were distributed across all 15 chromosomes, FISH analysis of two distinct families revealed contrasting distribution patterns: LfoSat025 showed preferential localization to pericentromeric regions, while LfoSat004 exhibited localized enrichment in specific chromosomal regions, demonstrating diverse organizational strategies within the satellitome. Meiotic analysis revealed normal chromosome pairing (15 bivalents), with no evidence of differentiated sex chromosomes, consistent with the species' predominantly gonochoristic reproductive mode.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the L. fortunei satellitome, revealing a diverse and recently amplified repetitive landscape. The discrepancy between the genome-wide abundance (9.1%) and the mapped abundance (5.3%) highlights the challenges of assembling repetitive regions and underscores the value of using complementary methodologies. The identification of chromosome-specific satDNA markers establishes a foundation for developing molecular tools for invasion monitoring, including population genetic analyses to trace invasion routes and identify source populations. These findings contribute to understanding the role of repetitive DNA in genome evolution and the adaptive success of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41567794,
year = {2026},
author = {Eisenring, M and Roe, AD and Queloz, V and St Amour, J and Li, Z and Perret-Gentil, A and Schertler, E and Glauser, G and Sahli, M and Gossner, MM},
title = {A recent ash dieback infection neither affects emerald ash borer performance nor triggers a substantial systemic phytochemical defense response in European ash.},
journal = {Journal of pest science},
volume = {99},
number = {2},
pages = {44},
pmid = {41567794},
issn = {1612-4758},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The number of non-native invasive species has increased markedly in recent decades, raising the likelihood of co-occurrence and interactions among invaders. Such interactions may exacerbate impacts on native ecosystems, making it essential to understand co-invasion dynamics for effective pest management and conservation. European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is simultaneously threatened by two invasive species: The fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which causes ash dieback (ADB), and the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, a phloem-feeding beetle. Although their invaded ranges overlap in parts of eastern Europe, it remains unclear how these species interact within the same host. We investigated whether recent ADB stem infections affect EAB performance, and whether such effects are mediated by changes in ash phytochemistry. Our findings indicate that neither larval nor adult EAB performance was affected when feeding on ADB-infected trees. Phloem chemistry showed localized changes near the ADB infection front but remained unaltered 18-20 cm away. Also leaf chemistry was only minimally affected by an ADB stem infection. These limited systemic responses suggest that F. excelsior relies primarily on constitutive phytochemical defenses against ADB. Therefore, ADB-induced phytochemical changes in recently infected trees do not affect EAB performance. We conclude that freshly ADB-infected trees neither promote nor inhibit EAB development. From a pest management standpoint, immediate sanitary removal of ADB-infected trees may not be necessary in stands only recently affected by the pathogen, as potential beneficial ADB infection effects on EAB are unlikely. However, the long-term impact of chronic ADB stress on EAB dynamics remains uncertain and warrants further investigation.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-025-01981-4.},
}
@article {pmid41567777,
year = {2025},
author = {Mascarello, G and Pinto, A and Crovato, S and Zago, M and Gradoni, F and Montarsi, F},
title = {Mosquito-borne infectious diseases in northeastern Italy: analysis of social factors influencing risk perception among the population.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1741038},
pmid = {41567777},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Middle Aged ; Animals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Vector Borne Diseases/epidemiology ; *Culicidae ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Mosquito Control ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Northeastern Italy has the highest reported circulation of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) in Europe, due to the considerable diversity of species and the abundance of mosquitoes in the area. This study aims to investigate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) indicators related to mosquitoes and MBDs and to identify the key determinants influencing risk perception among the population of northeastern Italy, including the role of social norms and media exposure.<br><br>METHODS: Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered using a mixed-mode approach, combining online and telephone interviews. The target population of the survey consisted of people aged 18&#x202f;years and older, living in the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia Regions.<br><br>RESULTS: Respondents showed strong awareness of mosquito breeding sites and were conscious of the existence of invasive species. However, there were some misconceptions about mosquito biology and limited knowledge of locally present MBDs. The population reported engaging in a wide range of protective behaviors, including the use of repellents and physical barriers such as mosquito nets. Respondents with higher risk perception were more likely to adopt protective behaviors, but were less knowledgeable about mosquito biology and ecology. In addition, sociodemographic variables, descriptive social norms, and exposure to media reports proved to significantly influence perceived risk.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Understanding public perceptions and attitudes toward mosquitoes is an essential part in the design of risk communication strategies and in planning citizen engagement in prevention measures to protect public health. To reduce the health risks associated with mosquito bites, an interdisciplinary, multi-stakeholder approach is recommended, combining epidemiological surveillance, education, communication, and community mobilization. Based on the findings, several recommendations are advanced to improve mosquito control efforts and public health communication strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41567531,
year = {2026},
author = {Oyarzabal, G and Rigal, F and Cardoso, P and Amorim, IR and Costa, R and Lhoumeau, S and Wallon, S and Macías-Hernández, N and Terzopoulou, S and Triantis, KA and Borges, PAV},
title = {A comprehensive trait dataset for Terrestrial Arthropods of the Azores: insights for conservation, island ecology and species invasion.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e173221},
pmid = {41567531},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Species functional traits provide critical insights into how organisms interact with and respond to their environment. Key characteristics, such as body size, dispersal ability and trophic specialisation influence species' survival, reproduction and adaptability. Island ecosystems, particularly oceanic archipelagos like the Azores, serve as ideal natural laboratories for studying these traits due to their unique biogeographic history and high endemism. Arthropods, as dominant colonisers and ecosystem engineers, exhibit rapid adaptation and trait diversification in these isolated settings. However, island arthropods face escalating threats from habitat loss, climate change and invasive species, which disrupt ecological functions and increase extinction risks. Under the scope of BALA (Biodiversity of Arthropods from the Laurisilva of Azores) project (1999-2021) and SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) project (2012-2025), we obtained a comprehensive and standardised dataset of arthropods functional traits currently known to occur in the Azores Archipelago.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: We present a standardised functional trait database for Azorean arthropods, building on 25 years of research on 602 species and subspecies across seven classes and 27 orders. The dataset includes endemic, native non-endemic and exotic species, with traits selected for their relevance to disturbance responses (e.g. body size, dispersal, verticality) and ecological interactions (e.g. trophic level, feeding behaviour). By synthesising these data, we aim to support predictive modelling of biodiversity responses to environmental change and provide information for conservation strategies. This resource provides a foundation for global comparisons and advances in trait-based ecology in island systems.},
}
@article {pmid41567086,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, ZH and Wang, P and Ma, DF and Yang, NW and Wan, FH and Guo, JY and Lü, ZC and Liu, WX},
title = {Chitin Deacetylase 8 Affects Epidermal and Peritrophic Membrane Metabolism in Tuta absoluta and dsRNA Accelerates Larval Death with Bacillus thuringiensis.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {74},
number = {4},
pages = {3464-3473},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5c13503},
pmid = {41567086},
issn = {1520-5118},
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/genetics/growth &amp; development/enzymology/microbiology/metabolism/drug effects ; *Moths/genetics/enzymology/growth &amp; development/microbiology/metabolism/drug effects ; *Bacillus thuringiensis/physiology/genetics ; *RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/metabolism ; *Amidohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Epidermis/metabolism ; Chitin/metabolism ; Pest Control, Biological ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Tuta absoluta is highly resistant to many common insecticides. Chitin deacetylase (CDA), an important enzyme in chitin synthesis and metabolism, may serve as a target for the management of T. absoluta. We cloned and identified TaCDA8 using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bioinformatics analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression level of TaCDA8 in the fourth instar larvae was significantly higher than in other developmental stages. Feeding ds TaCDA8 significantly reduced larval survival and pupation rates, causing failed molting, impaired pupation, and peritrophic membrane (PM) damage. Combining dsRNA with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) biopesticide agent increased mortality. These results confirm that TaCDA8 regulates chitin metabolism in the PM and is key for epidermal development. TaCDA8 is essential for larval growth, development, and resistance to pathogens. TaCDA8 can be effectively targeted by the RNAi-Bt combination to enhance pest mortality. Therefore, TaCDA8 represents a promising target for the development of highly efficient pesticides and green control strategies for integrated pest management.},
}
@article {pmid41565744,
year = {2026},
author = {Gastineau, R and Coulis, M and Otis, C and Boyle, B and Lemieux, C and Turmel, M and Mohammadi, S and Lévesque, RC and Herbert, DG and Páll-Gergely, B and Richling, I and Winsor, L and Justine, JL},
title = {Molecular characterisation of the invasive terrestrial nemertean Geonemertes pelaensis: long and complex mitogenome and presence of NUMTs.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {3312},
pmid = {41565744},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027 (RID/SP/0045/2024/01)//Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki/ ; Programme d'appui aux plateformes technologiques strat&#xe9;giques//Minist&#xe8;re de l'&#xc9;conomie, de l'Innovation et de l'&#xc9;nergie Qu&#xe9;bec/ ; RGPIN-2017-04506//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Phylogeny ; *Introduced Species ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; },
abstract = {The complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive terrestrial nemertean Geonemertes pelaensis Semper, 1863 (Nemertea: Prosorhochmidae) was sequenced from two specimens collected in geographically distant French overseas territories-Martinique in the Caribbean and New Caledonia in the South-West Pacific. In both specimens, the mitogenome contained 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and 21 tRNA genes, and was unusually large, approaching 32 kb. The two genomes differed by only four single nucleotide polymorphisms and one indel. A comparison with 22 cox1 sequences available in GenBank confirmed this high level of genetic conservation, suggesting a recent introduction from related source populations. The extraordinary length of the mitogenome was largely attributable to two extended regions comprising only tRNA genes and long intergenic sequences. These results were contrasted with data from an unpublished SRA sequencing project (SRS20559370) of an unlocalized specimen identified as G. pelaensis; its reconstructed mitogenome was only 18 kb in length (14 kb shorter) and showed extensive sequence divergence. Phylogenetic analyses placed this specimen as the sister lineage to G. pelaensis, highlighting the need for further investigation of this taxon. In the Martinique specimen, several NUMTs (nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes) were also detected, which could complicate future studies relying solely on Sanger sequencing. Sequencing additionally revealed prey DNA from the gut contents of both worms: the New Caledonian specimen had consumed an unidentified noctuid moth, while the Martinique specimen had likely fed on the invasive cockroach Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius, 1775), itself an introduced species.},
}
@article {pmid41565741,
year = {2026},
author = {Rewicz, A and Polit, J and Monzalvo, R and Myśliwy, M and Studzian, M and Pułaski, &#x141; and Ruchisansakun, S and Sanek, K and Najberek, K},
title = {Seed micromorphology and calcium oxalate crystal characterization as taxonomic traits in selected species of the genus Impatiens L.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {5884},
pmid = {41565741},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RID/SP/0045/2024/01//The Minister of Science under the "Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027 and statutory funds of the Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Poland/ ; 2018/02/X/NZ9/00165//The Institute of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Krak&#xf3;w, Poland) through statutory funding, and by the National Science Centre, Poland/ ; },
mesh = {*Calcium Oxalate/chemistry/metabolism ; *Seeds/ultrastructure/anatomy &amp; histology/chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Crystallization ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {The study analyzed seeds of 12 Impatiens species from Europe, America, and Asia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and confocal microscopy were used to analyze the micromorphology of the seed coat and the morphology of calcium oxalate crystals. A literature review revealed a lack of detailed carpological data for the studied species and a lack of information on the morphology of calcium oxalate crystals in seeds. The results revealed significant interspecific variation in seed surface characteristics, including seed shape, testal cell arrangement, and anticlinal and periclinal wall patterns. A wide variety of surface sculpture types was observed among the analyzed species. Furthermore, calcium oxalate crystals in the form of raphides were observed in all the studied species. The presence of raphides in species from three continents suggests that this may be a characteristic feature of the Impatiens genus, although it is insufficient to distinguish individual species.},
}
@article {pmid41564486,
year = {2026},
author = {Lanta, V and Kozel, P and Helclová, M and Chlumská, Z and Hauck, D and Drag, L and Littera, P and Rom, J and Bérces, S and Stejskal, R and Vadász, C and Doležal, J and Čížek, L},
title = {Recovery after extirpation of an invasive tree? Effect of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) removal on soil, vegetation and saproxylic beetles.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {399},
number = {},
pages = {128705},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128705},
pmid = {41564486},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Robinia ; *Coleoptera ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Trees ; Quercus ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Alien invasions are a major driver of global biodiversity loss, with invasive trees posing particular threats due to their ability to dominate native ecosystems. Despite increased extirpation efforts, recovery pathways of native plants and saproxylic beetles afterward remain poorly understood. Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) is one of the most widespread invasive trees, disrupting native habitats and altering soil chemistry through eutrophication. We studied the effects of R. pseudoacacia extirpation on soil properties, understory vegetation and saproxylic beetles in Central-Eastern Europe, using data from native sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands and three R. pseudoacacia stand types: live, dead standing (1-2 years after herbicide application) and after removal of dead R. pseudoacacia trees (3 years after the herbicide application). Soils in live Robinia stands had higher nitrate and lower phosphate levels than native stands. After trunk removal, phosphates increased, but nitrates remained high across all Robinia stand types, indicating ongoing eutrophication. Plant species richness was low in Robinia stands and dominated by nutrient-demanding species. Soil nutrients explained large portion of variation in plant communities, reflecting the persistent legacy of Robinia-induced eutrophication. In contrast, saproxylic beetles, especially xylophagous species, responded more quickly. Their richness was lowest in live Robinia stands but improved after removal. These results show that while R. pseudoacacia extirpation is essential, long-term nutrient imbalances can hinder full recovery of native vegetation. Additional restoration measures, such as topsoil removal, prescribed burning, or native species sowing, may be needed to fully restore ecosystem function.},
}
@article {pmid41562765,
year = {2026},
author = {Osipova, ES and Gladkov, EA and Tereshonok, DV},
title = {Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. in the Context of Sustainable Development: An Aggressive Invasive Species with Potential for Utilisation in the Extraction of Furanocoumarins and Essential Oils.},
journal = {Journal of xenobiotics},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41562765},
issn = {2039-4713},
support = {The research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme No. 122042700045-3) using equipment of unique scientificinstallation: "The IPPRAS Cryobank" at Timiryazev Institute o//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation/ ; },
abstract = {Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., or H. sosnowskyi, of the Apiaceae was first cultivated in the USSR in 1947 as a potential fodder plant. Due to the development of cold-resistant cultivars and the characteristics of H. sosnowskyi, it quickly became feral. As a result, H. sosnowskyi began to spread as an aggressive invasive species in the 1970s and 1980s. By the 90s it had become an ecological disaster. As well as forming monocultures and displacing native species, H. sosnowskyi contains furanocoumarins, photosensitizing compounds that increase skin sensitivity to ultraviolet rays and cause severe burns. In addition, furanocoumarins have cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and estrogenic effects. H. sosnowskyi also contains essential oils, which are particularly active during flowering and can irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, as well as cause allergic reactions in the form of bronchospasm in people with asthma and hypersensitivity. When released in high concentrations, these biologically active compounds have an allelopathic effect on native plant species, displacing them and reducing biodiversity. As H. sosnowskyi is not native; the biologically active compounds it secretes have a xenobiotic effect, causing serious damage to the ecosystems it occupies. However, in parallel with these negative properties, furanocoumarins have been found to be effective in the treatment of cancer and skin diseases. Furanocoumarins possess antimicrobial antioxidant osteo- and neuroprotective properties. Essential oils containing octyl acetate, carboxylic acid esters, and terpenes can be used in the pharmaceutical industry as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, essential oils can be used as biofumigants and natural herbicides. A comprehensive approach allows H. sosnowskyi to be viewed in two ways. On the one hand, it is an aggressive alien species that causes significant damage to ecosystems and poses a threat to human health. On the other hand, it is a potentially valuable natural resource whose biomass can be used within the principles of the circular economy. It is hoped that the use of H. sosnowskyi for economic interests can be a partial compensation for the problem of its aggressive invasion, which is of anthropogenic origin.},
}
@article {pmid41561878,
year = {2025},
author = {Cai, Y and Shih, HT},
title = {Reply to Fuke (2024): Clarifying the Taxonomic and Biogeographic Interpretations of Neocaridina in Japan.},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {e66},
pmid = {41561878},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {The taxonomy and biogeography of Neocaridina species in Japan remain complex and contested. In a recent commentary, Fuke (2024) criticized the conclusions of Shih et al. (2024), challenging their species delineations and argues that such taxonomy directly conditions interpretations of native versus introduced lineages. As the first two authors of Shih et al. (2024), we agree that accurate identification is essential for conservation of native taxa, but we contend that several of Fuke's inferences reflect misreadings of both morphological and genetic data. In this reply, we address these misinterpretations, clarify our taxonomic conclusions, and reassess phylogenetic and population genetic evidence. Our findings suggest that N. denticulata and N. davidi can be consistently distinguished using integrated molecular and morphological criteria, in contrast to Fuke's claim of conspecificity. We also emphasize the limitations of relying solely on mitochondrial DNA or SNP admixture patterns for species delimitation, particularly in hybridizing lineages. Finally, we advocate for integrative, evidence-based taxonomy as the best approach to resolving species boundaries and supporting conservation of cryptic native species of Neocaridina.},
}
@article {pmid41560758,
year = {2025},
author = {McMillan, IA and Golon, SJ and Norris, MH and Franckowiak, GA and Grinolds, JM and Bowen, RA and Brown, VR and Borlee, BR},
title = {Exposure of feral swine to Coxiella burnetii overlaps with human Q fever incidence in California.},
journal = {Frontiers in epidemiology},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1692664},
pmid = {41560758},
issn = {2674-1199},
abstract = {Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever in humans. There are many known reservoirs of C. burnetii, including cattle, sheep, and goats with an expanding list of potential reservoirs including birds, reptiles, ticks and additional mammalian species, such as swine. Feral swine are a highly invasive species in the United States with significant populations and a broad geographic distribution. The role of feral swine in the transmission and spread of C. burnetii is poorly understood, although a recent report identified overlap between feral swine seroprevalence and human Q fever incidence in Texas. California accounts for a large proportion of human Q fever cases in the United States and in this study we characterized the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in feral swine populations in the state. Feral swine showed seropositivity rates up to 1.64% indicating some level of exposure and the possibility that they may serve as a reservoir for disease transmission and spread. Overlap with human Q fever incidence was identified in the central region of California. Although this study does not directly link feral swine to human infection, it identified spatial overlap between feral swine seroprevalence and human Q fever incidence in the state of California, possibly due to the presence of ruminants as the principal reservoirs of C. burnetii. The environmental stability and low infectious dose of C. burnetii, coupled with the geographic overlap between feral swine seroprevalence and human Q fever incidence suggests that feral swine may contribute to zoonotic disease transmission and spread.},
}
@article {pmid41559262,
year = {2026},
author = {Akuamoah-Boateng, Y and Machani, MG and Boadu, EN and Mensah, SKE and Eyeson, NAS and Abdulai, A and Afrane, YA},
title = {Immature development time and survivorship of the dengue vectors Aedes aegypti, Aedes vittatus, and the invasive Aedes albopictus in Ghana.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {5811},
pmid = {41559262},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {R03 AI186018/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; RO3 AI186018/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/growth &amp; development/virology ; Ghana/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/growth &amp; development/virology ; *Dengue/transmission/epidemiology ; Larva/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Invasion of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in the West African sub-region has coincided with multiple outbreaks of dengue fever. Unfortunately, little is known about the biology and ecology of the invasive Aedes albopictus and native vectors Aedes aegypti, Aedes vittatus. This study investigated the immature development time and survivorship of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes vittatus mosquitoes in Ghana. Larval life-tables were conducted under semi-field conditions. Larval development time, pupation rate, and survivorship were recorded daily. Larval development time from L1→L4 was not significantly different among species. The pupation rate (Ae. aegypti: 88.7 ± 6.5, Ae. albopictus: 88 ± 9.6, Ae. vittatus: 82.7 ± 5.5) did not differ significantly. Survivorship of Ae. aegypti (0.83 ± 0.06), Ae. albopictus (0.80 ± 0.05) and Ae. vittatus (0.74 ± 0.04) was not statistically different. In combined microcosms, where all three species were raised together, survivorship of Ae. vittatus was lower (0.76 ± 0.18) compared to Ae. aegypti (0.84 ± 0.21) and Ae. albopictus (0.82 ± 0.18). This study shows that the invasive dengue vector Ae. albopictus exhibits developmental time and survival rates that are close to those of the native Ae. aegypti, indicating successful adaptation to local environments. These findings suggest that, Ae. albopictus could establish, proliferate, and compete with native dengue vectors in Ghana.},
}
@article {pmid41558445,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, Y and Lagerström, M and Ytreberg, E and Granhag, L},
title = {Biofouling intensity in European waters: A compiled dataset and spatial assessment with focus on the Baltic Sea and Northeast Atlantic.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {225},
number = {},
pages = {119290},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119290},
pmid = {41558445},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Biofouling on ship hulls increases fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and invasive species spread. For effective management, understanding the expected fouling pressure in the waters of interest is crucial. This study illustrates biofouling intensity by integrating published (2014-2024) and recent field data (2023-2024) from 35 locations across the Baltic Sea, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea. The weighted mean fouling ratings for these sites were assessed together with environmental parameters to identify factors explaining the observed results across different sea basins. Key findings indicate that the Mediterranean Sea sites (n=3) exhibit the highest indicative fouling intensity. A comparative analysis of the data-rich regions revealed that the Northeast Atlantic (n=14) exhibits significantly higher fouling intensity than the Baltic Sea (n=17) when sites with strong estuarine influence are excluded. Salinity was identified as the dominant factor influencing fouling pressure (R[2]=0.39-0.40), while dissolved oxygen, phosphate level and temperature showed weaker correlations (R[2]≤0.2). The presented spatial assessment can be used to manage ship hulls and maritime structures in port or marina areas and provides the first management baseline from existing European data. However, it highlights that the data-poor status of certain regions, alongside other knowledge deficiencies, remains a significant obstacle to unified pan-European management. Addressing these gaps is crucial for establishing a scientific basis for sustainable biofouling practices, in accordance with global initiatives such as the IMO Biofouling Guidelines and the EU Invasive Alien Species Regulation.},
}
@article {pmid41558306,
year = {2026},
author = {Rabaey, JS and Huser, BJ and Downing, JA},
title = {Invasion of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reduces the quality of bottom sediments in shallow lakes.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {292},
number = {},
pages = {125316},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.125316},
pmid = {41558306},
issn = {1879-2448},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lakes ; *Carps ; *Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; Phosphorus ; Ecosystem ; Water Quality ; },
abstract = {Species invasions are one of the main anthropogenic forces reshaping ecological structure and function in lakes during the 21st century. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are among the most globally widespread and damaging aquatic invasive species, with the capacity to significantly alter lake ecosystems. While it is well documented that carp feeding activity can disturb sediments, decrease water quality, and reduce macrophyte and fish diversity, less is known about how carp influence sediment chemistry and nutrient cycling. Here, we examined the effect of carp invasion on sediment phosphorus (P) dynamics and organic matter quality in shallow lakes. We compared P fractions in sediments of lakes with established carp populations and those from carp-free reference lakes. We found that lakes with carp had depleted surficial sediments, with significantly lower organic P (0.16 vs. 0.41 mg g[-1]) and higher C/P ratios (972 vs. 639) than lakes without carp. Carp lakes had higher concentrations of water-column total P (370 vs. 160 μg L[-1]), though a mass balance between sediment labile P and water-column P was similar for lakes with and without carp, indicating sediment P loss due to carp is largely kept in the water column. Sediments are a crucial component of lake ecosystems, and a reduction in sediment organic matter quality by invasive carp can alter food web dynamics and geochemical processes in invaded lakes.},
}
@article {pmid41555706,
year = {2026},
author = {Hua, J and Li, Y and Li, Z and Ma, D and He, S and Li, C and Zalucki, MP and Gao, Y},
title = {Advancing towards a sustainable green management system (SGMS) for the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius: a synthesis of traditional knowledge and modern innovations.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70556},
pmid = {41555706},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SZD-2025-01)/ ; },
abstract = {Cylas formicarius, the sweet potato weevil (SPW), is an important invasive pest of sweet potato crops, causing great economic losses to the production of sweet potatoes worldwide. Despite extensive reviews on C. formicarius, a critical synthesis integrating modern ecological insights (notably genomic adaptation and climate-driven range expansion) into a practical, sustainable management framework remains notably absent. This review addresses this gap by introducing the sustainable green management system (SGMS) as a unifying framework for research and implementation. We first synthesize advances in C. formicarius invasion biology, chemical ecology, and molecular foundations that explain its escalating global pest status. We subsequently critique current management strategies, demonstrating that persistent over-reliance on chemical insecticides is untenable, while biological and ecological approaches remain underexploited. Central to our work is the SGMS framework, which prioritizes biological control and ecological regulation, augmented by real-time monitoring and targeted interventions, reserving chemical methods for emergencies. By transcending tactical listings toward an integrated system, this review provides a definitive roadmap for sustainable, green management of this formidable pest. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41555665,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiang, Y and Utsumi, Y and Koga, S and Kume, T and Nagai, S and Yang, M},
title = {Age-Dependent Plasticity in Hydraulics and Allocation of K, Si, and Starch in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens).},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {178},
number = {1},
pages = {e70745},
pmid = {41555665},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {18K05765//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 23K26971//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
mesh = {*Starch/metabolism ; *Poaceae/physiology/metabolism ; *Potassium/metabolism ; *Silicon/metabolism ; *Water/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), a fast-growing and potentially invasive species, exhibits culm-age heterogeneity in structure and physiology; however, its water-use strategies in relation to aging remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to examine age-related variations in hydraulic performance, vessel integrity, and nutrient allocation in bamboo culms aged 1-5 years. Sap flux density peaked in 2-year-old culms, possibly reflecting the maturation of conductive tissues. However, daily sap flow rates showed no significant age-dependent differences. Dye tracing and cryo-scanning electron microscopy revealed consistent axial and radial vessel continuity and low embolism frequency across all age groups, with a relative loss of potential conductivity of approximately 10%. Elemental analysis showed reduced K concentration and delayed Si accumulation in the vessel sap with age, suggesting a physiological shift from osmotic regulation to structural reinforcement. Starch began accumulating in the third year and peaked at age four, indicating a physiological transition from resource consumption to energy storage. These coordinated transitions support sustained water transport across ages and may enhance resilience under drought and interspecific competition. Our findings revealed functional plasticity in water use and resource allocation during culm development, highlighting the physiological mechanisms that may underlie the ecological success and invasive potential of Moso bamboo.},
}
@article {pmid41552420,
year = {2026},
author = {Monguilod, P and Gallardo, B},
title = {Invasive alien mammals pose zoonotic risks to human health in Europe.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101307},
pmid = {41552420},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {The rise in zoonotic diseases is accelerating, with climate change expected to further intensify this trend. Invasive Alien Species (IAS) play an important role in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases by introducing both existing and novel pathogens to the regions they invade. Despite this, research on the role of IAS in spreading zoonotic diseases remains limited. Our study investigated the zoonotic risks posed by eight invasive mammal species prioritized for management in Europe. On average, each species was found to transmit 16 pathogens capable of causing severe diseases in humans, including Echinococcosis, Leptospirosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and Encephalitis. We identified central and western Europe as significant disease hotspots. Climate change is facilitating the expansion of IAS into new areas, as warmer temperatures make previously inhospitable regions suitable. Future projections indicate a northeastward shift in their suitability by 2050. These changes vary by species, with the Siberian chipmunk losing up to 45 % of its suitability, while the gray squirrel could see a 26 % increase under a high-emissions scenario. Finally, we found that 71 % of the human population lives in areas highly suitable for IAS establishment. Our findings underscore the health risks associated with IAS and highlight the need for further research into their role in disease dynamics. Addressing this issue is essential for developing effective public health strategies and mitigating future zoonotic disease outbreaks.},
}
@article {pmid41552418,
year = {2026},
author = {Albajes, R and López, MM and Jiménez Díaz, RM},
title = {A claim for plant health as a key component of the one health concept.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101304},
pmid = {41552418},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {The concept of health has historically been more closely linked to the well-being of humans than to that of animals, plants or the environment. In contrast, the One Health concept, which emerged in recent decades, generally recognizes the interdependence of only three of its four components: humans, wild and domestic animals, and the environment, but plants have often been overlooked in this analysis. Because plant health has been undervalued within the One Health framework, we emphasize in this review its importance in ensuring food security and safety, two key issues in human and animal health, as highlighted in several of the United Nations SDG. Food production, marketing and consumption use a significant portion of the environment's natural resources, and plant health technology must ensure their sustainable use while safeguarding environmental health. We summarize the relationships between the four components of One Health, highlighting the development of antimicrobial resistance in human, animal and plant pathogens, and the resistance to plant protection products among plant pests, diseases and weeds. Three external drivers significantly influence plant health and One Health in the last decades: climate change, invasive alien species, and the international armed conflicts. The main reported effects of climate change on plant health include the shifts in distribution area, biology and life cycles of harmful organisms as well as plant-pest interactions. Another major factor compromising the sustainability of current plant health technology is the introduction and establishment of alien organisms affecting vegetables resulting from the increasing globalization of food trade, human labour and tourism.These challenges underscore the need to approach One Health at broader scales, beyond individual organisms or populations, as well as intensifying studies on plant health, to effectively address holistically the complex, interconnected risks affecting global health.},
}
@article {pmid41548055,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, T and Li, D and Liu, L and Zeng, G and Yue, W and Cao, Y and Zhi, J},
title = {Digestive enzyme-encoding genes regulate the adaptability of Frankliniella occidentalis to the defense responses of kidney bean plants.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf345},
pmid = {41548055},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {31660516//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32460665//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZK[2022]001//Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; 043230030//Doctoral Foundation Project of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; },
abstract = {Frankliniella occidentalis (Western flower thrips; WFT) is an important pest of vegetable and flower crops. The development and application of plant-induced resistance and RNA interference (RNAi) technology are environmentally sustainable and promising approaches in pest control research. This study verified the regulatory role of digestive enzyme genes in the adaptation of WFT to jasmonic acid (JA)-induced defense responses in Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) plants. First, 4 digestive enzyme-encoding genes were cloned and identified. Subsequently, their expression patterns during different developmental stages were analyzed. Second, the mRNA levels of these genes were analyzed in the F0 and F1 generation female adult WFT that fed on leaves from JA-induced bean plants. The results showed that the expression of FoαAmy1 (α-amylase gene) and FoEG1 (endoglucanase gene) was significantly upregulated during the adaptation of WFT to the JA-induced defense response in kidney bean plants. RNAi and bioassay results indicated that silencing FoαAmy1 and FoEG1 significantly reduced the survival rate and feeding damage caused by adult WFT that fed on JA-induced kidney bean plants. Overall, FoαAmy1 and FoEG1 may be involved in regulating the adaptability of WFT to JA-induced defense responses in kidney bean plants.},
}
@article {pmid41546504,
year = {2026},
author = {O'Hara, KE and Zozaya, SM and Hahn, EE and Holleley, CE and Moritz, C},
title = {Repeated Independent Formation of Triploid Lineages Contributes to Clonal Diversity in Heteronotia binoei Parthenogens.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {e70240},
pmid = {41546504},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {HSF22062//Hermon Slade Foundation/ ; DP230102094//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Parthenogenesis/genetics ; *Triploidy ; Animals ; Australia ; *Genetic Variation ; *Lizards/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genetics, Population ; Female ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; },
abstract = {Parthenogenesis, or all-female clonal reproduction, is rare among vertebrates. This is often attributed to the selective disadvantages of assumed reduction of genetic diversity in the absence of sex. However, parthenogenetic vertebrates have highly complex evolutionary histories, with most arising through hybridisation and many being polyploid. Here, we show that geographically widespread triploid parthenogenetic forms of the Australian gekkonid Heteronotia binoei are considerably diverse despite their clonal reproductive mode, with patterns of variation consistent with two previously identified reciprocal hybrid origins and numerous backcrossing events. We also confirm a two-fold increase in genome-wide heterozygosity among parthenogens (10.6%) compared with the sexual progenitors (4.63%). Our SNP-based diversity estimates exceed prior predictions for clonal H. binoei lineages based on karyotype and allozyme data. We also find evidence of repeated and geographically widespread backcrossing in both western and central Australia. This supports the long-standing hypothesis that parthenogens are able to partially recover parental niches by 'freezing' genotypic diversity present within the sexual forms. Understanding how asexual clones attain ecological success has implications for managing both invasive species, many of which are clonal, and threatened species, which often face similar challenges associated with reduced genetic diversity. Overall, our findings demonstrate that sex, historical or ongoing, is instrumental in the persistence of asexual lineages, contributing to a broader understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of parthenogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid41544950,
year = {2026},
author = {Tapfuma, DTA and Chakona, A and Naik, Y},
title = {Synergistic effects of metal pollution and habitat degradation from artisanal gold mining drive species-specific oxidative stress and biodiversity loss in a semi-arid river catchment.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {393},
number = {},
pages = {127683},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127683},
pmid = {41544950},
issn = {1873-6424},
mesh = {Oxidative Stress ; *Mining ; Animals ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/metabolism/toxicity ; *Biodiversity ; Gold ; Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; Rivers/chemistry ; *Metals, Heavy/analysis/metabolism/toxicity ; Fishes/metabolism ; *Metals/analysis ; },
abstract = {Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a critical economic activity in developing nations but poses a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems through the release of heavy metals and habitat destruction. This study provides an integrated ecotoxicological and ecological assessment of ASGM impacts in the Upper uMzingwane catchment, Zimbabwe. We combined analysis of metal bioaccumulation (Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg species) and oxidative stress biomarkers in 12 fish species with a historical comparison of biodiversity changes using museum records (1947-1994). Sediment and fish tissue metal concentrations were significantly elevated at ASGM sites. We identified two key bioaccumulation patterns: benthic Mochokidae catfish (Chiloglanis spp.) as hyper-accumulators of sediment-bound Cr and Pb (Bioaccumulation Factor >10,000), and the pelagic zooplanktivore Mesobola brevianalis as a high accumulator of Cd and Hg. Linear regression revealed strong, species-specific oxidative stress responses. The summation of metal concentrations (ΣMetals) had a significant additive effect on glutathione (GSH) induction, particularly in Labeobarbus mariequensis (p < 0.01, r[2] = 0.54), Enteromius spp., and M. brevianalis (p < 0.01, r[2] = 0.42). Contemporary surveys recorded only 17 species compared to 21 historically, confirming the local extinction of the Gobiidae family and several Enteromius species. Our results demonstrate that ASGM drives biodiversity loss through synergistic mechanisms: direct metal toxicity-mediated by oxidative stress-and indirect habitat degradation, which exacerbates predation by invasive species. This study underscores the necessity of regulating ASGM operations and advocates for the use of specific fish species as bioindicators in monitoring programs. The synergistic mechanisms of toxicity and habitat degradation identified here are representative of ASGM impacts worldwide. Our findings provide a globally relevant framework for using multi-species bioindicator approaches to diagnose and monitor the ecological consequences of mixed-pollution in river systems.},
}
@article {pmid41543292,
year = {2026},
author = {Love, JW and Newhard, JJ and Amato, SJ and Walker, M and Hanlon, J},
title = {Harvest of Northern Snakehead with Bowfishing in Maryland.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icag002},
pmid = {41543292},
issn = {1557-7023},
support = {//U.S. Congress via the Snakehead Control Act/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fisheries ; Maryland ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Perciformes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Rivers ; *Fishes ; },
abstract = {Illegal introductions in North America have helped establish populations of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus), an invasive freshwater fish from Asia. Once targeted for eradication, widespread establishment of populations in the Chesapeake Bay watershed has now led management to prioritize mitigation. One method of mitigation has been harvesting via bowfishing. We measured the influence of bowfishing in the snakehead fishery between 2022 and 2024. Ten charter boat captains who operated bowfishing trips across 17 rivers in 2024 provided 556 trip reports for snakehead trips (March to November) that represented an average of four bowfishing clients (range = 1 client to 12 clients) who fished an average of 4.8 hours (standard error = 0.05) per evening trip (high ebb to slightly beyond low tide). Harvest ranged between 0 fish and 32 fish per river-trip, with an average median of 10 fish (standard error = 2.7). Harvest was greatest in spring and fall (3.5°C < air temperature < 17°C) and full or new moons. Bowfishing and gigging accounted for the majority of annual fishing mortality, which was 19.1% in 2023 and 20.0% in 2024. This was lower than the target of 25% to achieve population declines. Our results highlight both the value of bowfishing and the need to encourage bowfishing as means of harvesting snakeheads in ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41542928,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, C and Delgado-Baquerizo, M and Zhou, G and Rillig, MC and Li, B and Fang, C and Li, J and Nie, M},
title = {Multiple Global Change Stressors Boost Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Worldwide.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {e70633},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70633},
pmid = {41542928},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2023FY100100//Science &amp; Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 32522064//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32430065//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32471831//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32301453//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 23DZ1202700//Science and Technology Plan Project of Shanghai/ ; //State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Function and Construction (VegLab)/ ; //Ministry of Education/ ; JYB2025XDXM911//Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China No./ ; },
mesh = {*Greenhouse Gases/analysis ; *Climate Change ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Methane/analysis ; *Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Soil carbon greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are integral to climate security worldwide. Global change is known to impact soil GHG emissions; yet, the contribution of an increasing number of global change factors (GCFs) to the rates of carbon GHG emissions remains virtually unknown, challenging our capacity to forecast the trajectory of climate change. Here, we synthesize 1803 observations on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes across 21 types of GCFs spanning a wide range of ecosystems (i.e., forests, grasslands, farmland, wetlands, tundras, and deserts) and found that an increasing number of GCFs will result in significant increases in CO2 and CH4 emissions. The impacts of GCFs on GHG emissions were largely explained by climate, biome types, and GCF-induced changes in soil moisture, providing potential tools for managing global change. Our work provides critical insights, emphasizing that the number of global change stressors needs to be immediately reduced to help minimize the negative impacts of carbon greenhouse gas emissions on climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41542390,
year = {2026},
author = {Flores, IS and Nguyen, VT and Bae, JS and Urlaub, A and Gellner, R and Kading, RC and Romero-Weaver, AL and Simubali, L and Saili, K and Simulundu, E and Reeves, LE and Lee, Y},
title = {Mosquitoes of Macha - new mosquito species records from Macha and surrounding locations in southern Zambia with photographs.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.64898/2026.01.09.698444},
pmid = {41542390},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The biodiversity of mosquito taxa beyond Anopheles malaria vectors has been understudied in many parts of Africa. Here, we provide a new species record of mosquitoes from Macha and its surrounding locations in southern Zambia, as well as an updated list of species from the region. With the addition of 19 new species records in this region, the total list of mosquito species reported in Macha is now 46. We present high-resolution focus-stacked photographs of some of these species, many of which were only previously available as text or drawing descriptions in mosquito identification books and articles. We also include 34 COI sequences from Zambian mosquito species, five of which had no prior genetic information on Genbank. This visual guide as well as additional COI sequences provide essential tools for accurate mosquito surveillance in southern Zambia and establishes a baseline data for future invasive species monitoring.},
}
@article {pmid41540326,
year = {2026},
author = {Kadam, SK and Youn, JS and Kim, JH},
title = {Refined chloroplast annotations, repeat profiles, and phylogenomic evidence reveal maternal lineage shifts and independent evolution in the Triticum-Aegilops complex.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {239},
pmid = {41540326},
issn = {1471-2229},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Triticum-Aegilops complex has a complex reticulate evolutionary history shaped by multiple hybridization and polyploidization events. While nuclear genome relationships have been extensively explored, the maternal inheritance patterns embedded in chloroplast genomes remain unresolved. This study aims to elucidate the maternal lineage dynamics using comparative chloroplast genomics across key Triticum and Aegilops species.<br><br>RESULTS: We assembled complete chloroplast genomes of three Triticum aestivum cultivars (Keumkang, Saekeumkang, and Olgeuru) and curated a dataset of 20 chloroplast genomes from 15 Triticum and Aegilops species. Annotation refinement revealed conserved gene content and structural stability, with lineage-specific SSR motifs AAAAT/ATTTT and AATAG/ATTCT supporting a maternal contribution of Aegilops speltoides to polyploid wheats. Phylogenetic and SNP-PCA analyses consistently clustered B and G genome-bearing taxa, reinforcing A. speltoides as the maternal donor in these lineages. In contrast, Aegilops tauschii formed a distinct clade and clustered near other Aegilops, suggesting an independent chloroplast origin of the D genome, potentially involving A. mutica as a maternal ancestor. Repeat profiles, codon usage patterns, and selective pressure analyses further underscored the evolutionary conservation and lineage specificity of chloroplast genomes within the complex. Comparative genomics and mVISTA alignments identified several hypervariable regions, such as trnK-rps16 and rpl32-trnL, as potential markers. Codon usage analysis showed strong bias toward A/U-ending codons, and neutrality and ENc-GC3 plots indicated natural selection as the dominant force shaping codon usage.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings provide strong evidence for maternal lineage continuity in B/G genome lineages via A. speltoides, while supporting a distinct chloroplast origin for the D genome lineage. This highlights the role of chloroplast genomics in resolving wheat evolutionary history and supports alternative models involving A. mutica in D genome evolution.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-025-08093-2.},
}
@article {pmid41540088,
year = {2026},
author = {El Jamaai, J and Taheri, A and Ballesteros-Mejia, L and Ahmed, DA and Bang, A and Diagne, C and Courchamp, F and Angulo, E},
title = {Biological invasions and their potential economic costs in Morocco.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2011},
pmid = {41540088},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Morocco ; *Introduced Species/economics ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions pose substantial economic threats globally, yet detailed cost assessments for many Global South nations, especially in Africa, remain scarce. This study presents the first comprehensive breakdown of the potential economic costs of biological invasions in Morocco. We identified 343 invasive alien species, comprising approximately 1.11% of the country's biodiversity. Using the InvaCost database, we retrieved cost estimates for 137 species with available records. We calculated the mean annual cost per species, adjusted these values both socio-economically (using World Bank Purchasing Power Parity) and climatically (via Köppen climatic regions), and extrapolated them based on species prevalence in Morocco. This yielded an estimated annual economic impact ranging from US$1.14 billion (conservative adjusted value) to US$5.13 billion (maximum scenario). Across all estimations, damage costs consistently exceeded management costs by one or two orders of magnitude. Plant feeding insects such as Phenacoccus madeirensi, Bemisia tabacci, and Cydia pomonella emerged among the costliest species, threatening agriculture and food security. High-impact animals included the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), both affecting public health and social welfare. In freshwater systems the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) imposed substantial fisheries losses. Invasive plants, particularly Euphorbia and Cenchrus species, were also widespread and contributed heavily to projected costs. Despite challenges in extrapolating cost data from other regions, this study underscores the urgent need for more research and for targeted management and policy interventions to minimize the spread of invasive species and reduce their economic toll. Proactive measures in Morocco, coupled with international collaboration, will be critical to mitigating this socio-ecological crisis and ensuring long-term sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid41540046,
year = {2026},
author = {Skinner, GLV and Cooke, R and Roy, HE and Isaac, NJB and Outhwaite, CL and Rodger, J and Millard, J},
title = {Meta-analysis reveals negative but highly variable impacts of invasive alien species across terrestrial insect orders.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {296},
pmid = {41540046},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Insecta/physiology/classification ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Coleoptera ; },
abstract = {Insects are crucial to ecosystem functioning but face numerous threats, with invasive alien species likely among the most severe. As insect declines continue, there is a growing need to synthesise evidence on how invasive alien species affect insects, as research has historically focused more on insects as invaders than as victims. Here we conduct a global meta-analysis encompassing 318 effect sizes across 52 studies, assessing invasive alien species impact on terrestrial insect orders (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera), and examining factors influencing these effects. We show that invasive alien species reduce the abundance of insects included in our study by 31%, and species richness by 26%, though these impacts are highly variable across taxa. Stronger negative impacts are found for invasive alien animals compared to invasive alien plants, and for Hemiptera (true bugs) and Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants) compared to Coleoptera (beetles). These findings provide quantitative estimates for the relative vulnerability of insects to invasive alien species, which is an important step towards halting declines.},
}
@article {pmid41539586,
year = {2026},
author = {Lorang, C and Galon, C and Plantard, O and Augot, D},
title = {Application of non-destructive DNA extraction for the molecular and morphological identification of tick species and their pathogens.},
journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
volume = {138},
number = {},
pages = {105880},
doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2026.105880},
pmid = {41539586},
issn = {1567-7257},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Ixodes/genetics/microbiology/classification ; Rickettsia/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Phylogeny ; Tick-Borne Diseases/microbiology ; *Ticks/genetics/microbiology/classification ; },
abstract = {Tick-borne diseases remain a major concern in both human and animal health in most biogeographical regions. Since certain tick-borne pathogens are transmitted by specific tick species, tick identification through morphological and biomolecular examination of the species is highly recommended for investigation of tick-borne diseases. In this study, we assessed a non-destructive DNA protocol for identifying tick species and screening of pathogens and evaluate the effects of this protocol on the tick body, using geometric morphometric (based on coxa 1). Overall, 80 Ixodes spp. specimens (I. ricinus, I. hexagonus, and I. acuminatus) conserved in alcohol for more than 15 years were tested here, including all stages (male, female, nymph and larva). Molecular investigation using 16S rRNA enabled 92% of ticks to be assigned to a species. The microfluidic chip demonstrates the presence of Bartonella sp. (13%), Rickettsia helvetica (63%) and Hepatozoon sp. (13%) in tested engorged females. Comparison of the coxa 1 shape before and after extraction showed no changes in morphology. We demonstrated that DNA can be extracted from old specimens of hard ticks using non-destructive methods, allowing for molecular identification of ticks and pathogens without altering their morphology. As a result, this technique makes it possible to preserve specimens from laboratory or museum collections. Additionally, non-destructive DNA extraction could be useful in medical entomology for monitoring arrivals of alien species and emergence of associated tick-borne diseases affecting humans, domestic animals, or wildlife.},
}
@article {pmid41538079,
year = {2026},
author = {De Elías-Escribano, A and Artigas, P and Salas-Coronas, J and Luzon-Garcia, MP and Soriano-Pérez, MJ and Castillo-Fernández, N and Fantozzi, MC and Martínez-Ortí, A and Boissier, J and Mas-Coma, S and Valero, MA and Bargues, MD},
title = {Multidisciplinary challenges by 'pure' and hybrid Schistosoma species introduced into southwestern Europe.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1941},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2025.0087},
pmid = {41538079},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Fellowship of the Programa de Ayudas de la Generalitat Valenciana y Fondo Social Europeo, 2019/ ; //PROMETEO Program, Programa de Ayudas para Grupos de Investigaci&#xf3;n de Excelencia, Generalitat Valenciana (GVA) Valencia, Spain/ ; //Consejer&#xed;a de Salud y Familias de la Junta de Andaluc&#xed;a, co-financed with FEDER funds (European Regional Development Fund), Sevilla, Spain/ ; //CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministry of Science and Innovation, and European Union - NextGenerationEU, Madrid, Spain/ ; //Red de Investigaci&#xf3;n de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales - RICET, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdirecci&#xf3;n General de Redes y Centros de Investigaci&#xf3;n Cooperativa RETICS, Ministry of Health and Consumption, Madrid, Spain/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Schistosoma/genetics/physiology/classification ; *Schistosomiasis/parasitology/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Humans ; Spain/epidemiology ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Introduced Species ; Europe ; },
abstract = {In Europe, imported schistosomiasis affects a diverse range of patients, including migrants, travellers, visiting friends and relatives, and expatriates who have lived in endemic areas. The variety of regions linked to these patients' origins or destinations increases the likelihood of infections from different Schistosoma species and hybrids. This work aims to address the multidisciplinary challenges posed by 'pure' and hybrid Schistosoma species in southwestern Europe. It explores (i) the role of molecular analysis in identifying species and hybrids, (ii) the importance of morphogenetic studies of Schistosoma eggs, (iii) the potential risk of hybrid Schistosoma infections emerging in Europe and (iv) the clinical management, diagnostis and treatment of schistosomiasis in non-endemic European countries. The study includes examples of 'pure' and hybrid species detected in a tropical medicine unit in Almería, Spain. In this context, the complexity of managing not only the clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of this disease, but also the need and readiness to quantify the risks and prevent future outbreaks of schistosomiasis in Europe are evident. Schistosoma hybrids potentially able to adapt to new European habitats are a challenge, which highlights the need for appropriate surveillance and preventive measures to avoid the introduction of schistosomiasis into Europe. This article is part of the Royal Society Science+ meeting issue 'Parasite evolution and impact in action: exploring the importance and control of hybrid schistosomes in Africa and beyond'.},
}
@article {pmid41537976,
year = {2026},
author = {Blanchard, RC and Perkin, JS},
title = {Assessing movement patterns of the highly invasive western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2062},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.1954},
pmid = {41537976},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A and M University/ ; //U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Cyprinodontiformes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {The western mosquitofish is among the top 100 invaders in the world, yet it continues to be introduced globally for mosquito control. This study investigates the movement patterns of the western mosquitofish and develops movement predictions for their continued invasion. We combined mark-recapture experiments, meta-analysis of previous movement studies and application of an existing fish movement model involving fish morphology, stream order and time to advance knowledge of western mosquitofish secondary spread. Our results reveal that small-scale and short-term movements by invasive western mosquitofish are predictable using existing statistical models. However, movement over larger scales and longer timelines was consistently underpredicted by existing models, suggesting our current understanding of invasion capacity by western mosquitofish is limited. We used sensitivity and optimization methods to identify parameter adjustments that make existing statistical models relevant for broader-scale invasions, and we illustrate the improved inference gained from this approach by modelling future spread of a recently invaded region. Our results provide quantitative estimates of western mosquitofish invasion across a range of contexts and can direct conservation and management actions aimed at improving invasion monitoring, predicting risk of secondary spread and understanding invasion dynamics at multiple spatiotemporal scales.},
}
@article {pmid41537814,
year = {2025},
author = {Viliani, L and Nordell, G and Nielsen, S},
title = {Composite effects of fire and seismic lines reduce non-native plant infiltration along roads in a western North American boreal forest.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {21},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2025.0369},
pmid = {41537814},
issn = {1744-957X},
support = {//Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance/ ; //Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Alberta ; *Introduced Species ; *Wildfires ; Taiga ; *Fires ; *Forests ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Invasion by non-native species threatens biodiversity, disrupts population dynamics and alters community composition. Roads are major contributors to the infiltration of non-native plants into adjacent native habitats. Less is known about whether these effects are magnified by the composite effects of other adjacent or overlapping disturbances. Here, we assessed how the spatial co-occurrence of wildfires and seismic lines associated with oil exploration influences the abundance of non-native plants along roads in Alberta, Canada's boreal forest. Specifically, we tested differences in the ratio of non-native to native plant cover between burned and unburned mesic upland boreal forests and on/off seismic lines, at increasing distances from roads. For unburned forest sites, non-native plant cover was highest adjacent to the road, decreasing threefold at the farthest distances. Wildfire and seismic line disturbances facilitated the infiltration of non-native species from roadsides into forests, but when combined, they produced an antagonistic effect that mitigated these effects, depending on the distance from roadsides. We found an equal ratio of non-native to native plant cover 7 m from road verges and declining thereafter. As natural and anthropogenic disturbances increase, understanding their combined influence on non-native plant invasion is essential for understanding threats and guiding effective conservation and management.},
}
@article {pmid41537145,
year = {2026},
author = {de Campos, LLF and Pinho, LC and Neckel-Oliveira, S and Bernal, XE},
title = {Amphibian Strategies Against Attacks by Flies: Host-Specificity and Threats.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72737},
pmid = {41537145},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Species interactions are fundamental to ecological and evolutionary processes, shaping ecosystem dynamics and driving biodiversity. Among those, interactions between flies and amphibians are common in tropical areas, yet most aspects of their ecology and evolution are understudied. Using the PRISMA method, we systematically review the literature to examine the direct and indirect threats imposed by Diptera flies attacking amphibians and the behavioral, physiological, and acoustic defenses they elicit. We delve, for instance, into the eavesdropping behavior of some dipteran species, which use anuran calls as cues for host-seeking, and the potential impacts on frog communication systems. As flies can be disease vectors, we investigate pathogen transmission to amphibians as an indirect cost imposed by flies attacking them and examine the role of species specificity in these dynamics. Finally, we address how human activities are currently impacting these long-established interactions between dipterans and amphibians. We focus on potential disruptions caused by habitat alteration, the presence of invasive species, and climate change. By synthesizing existing knowledge of the threats imposed by flies on amphibians, we shed light on these groups of growing conservation concern given their current escalating extinction rates. Ultimately, our findings provide valuable insights into the intricacies of species interactions and underscore the urgent need for comprehensive studies mitigating the adverse effects of anthropogenic disturbances on these clades.},
}
@article {pmid41535912,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, Y and Huang, H and Zhou, MY and Zhou, YF and Shen, HM and Chen, JH and Lv, ZY},
title = {Invasive patterns of Biomphalaria straminea revealed by genetic mapping in the Greater Bay Area, China.},
journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {41535912},
issn = {2049-9957},
support = {2021YFC2300800//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2021YFC2300801//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2016YFC1202003//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 82072303//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; TDRC-2019-194-30//National Sharing Service Platform for Parasite Resources/ ; 22qntd4804//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University/ ; 2022NHCTDCKFKT11003//Open Foundation of NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University/ ; YSPTZX202133//Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ ; ZDYF2020120//Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province/ ; ZDKJ202003//Major Science and Technology Program of Hainan Province/ ; ZDKJ2021035//Major Science and Technology Program of Hainan Province/ ; 2020TTM007//Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University/ ; },
mesh = {China ; *Biomphalaria/genetics/parasitology ; Animals ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genetic Variation ; Chromosome Mapping ; Genotype ; Introduced Species ; Schistosoma mansoni/physiology ; Bays ; Humans ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Biomphalaria straminea, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, is originally native to Brazil but has invaded southern China since 1974. Nowadays, increasing human mobility raises the risk of S. mansoni dissemination. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the genetic variation and structure of B. straminea in China and develop molecular tools for tracing its geographic origins, which could aid in schistosomiasis prevention and control.<br><br>METHODS: We collected 290 B. straminea individuals from Shenzhen City (GDSZ, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;171), Dongguan City (GDDG, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;65), and Hong Kong (HK, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;54). Double digest restriction associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing was applied to genotype the samples. A subset of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was validated by the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX assay. The MaxEnt model was employed to predict suitable habitats for B. straminea in China under current and future climate conditions.<br><br>RESULTS: Analysis of ddRAD sequencing data led to the identification of 80 high-confidence SNPs. B. straminea from GDSZ exhibited higher genetic diversity than those from other locations. The total observed heterozygosity (Ho&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.35) was higher than the total expected heterozygosity (He&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.26), resulting in a&#xa0;negative inbreeding coefficient (Fis&#x2009;=&#x2009;-&#xa0;0.35), indicating that outbreeding has dominated the recent genetic history of B. straminea. Pairwise genetic distance (Fst&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05) and number of effective migrants (Nm&#x2009;>&#x2009;4) indicated low genetic differentiation. The populations in GDSZ, GDDG and HK were genetically similar, with the first two being more closely related. Three high-quality SNPs displayed distinct geographical population specificity and could serve as geographically specific SNP markers. The MaxEnt model predicted an expansion of suitable habitats for B. straminea in China under future climate conditions. High invasion risk in Hainan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Taiwan Province warrants attention.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first genome-wide insights into the population structure and genetic diversity of B. straminea in China. The populations are genetically similar, suggesting a common invasion source. Applying the geographically specific SNPs could enable rapid prediction of the geographic origin of B. straminea in future invasion events. Future climate conditions are likely to facilitate the spread of B. straminea, increasing the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in China.},
}
@article {pmid41533035,
year = {2026},
author = {Clake, DJ and Demiralp, V and Albert, CH and Coulon, A},
title = {Isolation and characterization of 16 new microsatellite loci markers for the European red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris).},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {289},
pmid = {41533035},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {Animals ; *Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; *Sciuridae/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Alleles ; Genetic Loci/genetics ; France ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genetics, Population/methods ; Europe ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are common in Europe and Asia, but are declining in many regions across their range. As continental European populations are now facing current and future threats from invasive species in addition to existing anthropogenic pressures it will be important to carefully monitor these populations. Non-invasive genetic sampling methods are a useful tool in conservation assessments, but often require techniques such as microsatellite markers that can be used with lower quality DNA. It remains helpful to increase the resolution of these assessments by identifying additional genetic markers. We describe new microsatellite markers developed from European red squirrels from France and use them to assess genetic diversity in populations in southern France.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: We used Illumina sequencing to characterize microsatellites from tissue samples of S. vulgaris. Using 7 tissue samples we assessed amplification and polymorphism in 48 microsatellite inserts and further evaluated 16 of these microsatellite loci in hair samples from 120 individuals from four populations. In the 104 samples for which those loci amplified, there was an average of 6.1 alleles amplified per locus, with mean observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.44 and 0.59, respectively. Only one locus showed significant deviation from HWE across all populations. The same locus exhibited a likely presence of null alleles.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We describe 16 new microsatellite loci, with caution required for one locus in analyses sensitive to null alleles. These new loci can help provide increased resolution in population genetic assessments of red squirrels in continental Europe.},
}
@article {pmid41531821,
year = {2026},
author = {Eberle, CM and Wiley, DLF and McDaniels, CX and Giermakowski, JT and Barrow, LN},
title = {Elucidating the invasion history of introduced bullfrogs in New Mexico using population genetic approaches.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e20491},
pmid = {41531821},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Genetic Variation ; New Mexico ; Haplotypes ; *Rana catesbeiana/genetics ; *Genetics, Population ; Cytochromes b/genetics ; },
abstract = {The American Bullfrog, Rana (Aquarana) catesbeiana, is an extremely successful invader that has spread globally in the last century, impacting vulnerable ecosystems. In the western U.S., bullfrogs were intentionally introduced in the early 1900s, but little is known about their subsequent colonization into the state of New Mexico. We evaluated a single mitochondrial gene region, cytochrome b, using population genetic approaches to investigate the invasion history of bullfrogs across their introduced range. Specifically, our objectives were to (1) assess the level of genetic diversity and identify haplotypes within bullfrog populations in New Mexico, (2) compare the genetic diversity of native and invasive bullfrog populations, (3) infer the number of introductions into New Mexico, and (4) identify potential native source populations. Using haplotype and nucleotide diversity estimates, we found moderate genetic variation within New Mexico (H d = 0.648, π = 0.0036) with higher diversity at sites with increased human activity. However, there was significantly lower genetic diversity in introduced populations compared to native populations, consistent with expectations of recent colonization. Based on haplotype diversity estimates and BLAST results, we found a total of eight haplotypes across New Mexico, of which six haplotypes were found across the native and other introduced ranges. Pairwise ΦST revealed minimal differentiation between New Mexico sites, consistent with introduction from a single source population. Lastly, the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) conveyed that bullfrogs from the Northwest (Northwest: 0%, P = 0.6411) and Southwest (Southwest: 0%, P = 0.5124) invasive regions showed no significant differences compared to New Mexico populations, suggesting either recent connectivity or similar origins. This study reinforces the importance of managing the movement of invasive species and demonstrates how evaluating the genetic composition of an invasive species can reveal key points of its invasion history.},
}
@article {pmid41531369,
year = {2026},
author = {Arkilanian, A and Coté, D and Wiersma, YF and Pither, R},
title = {An integrated approach to balance freshwater connectivity restoration and invasion risk.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70215},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70215},
pmid = {41531369},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {//Environment and Climate Change Canada/ ; Discovery Grant//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
abstract = {Habitat fragmentation negatively affects many native migratory fish populations. However, this fragmentation can also prevent the spread and establishment of invasive species. We modified the dendritic connectivity index (DCI), a commonly used freshwater connectivity metric, to account for multiple invasive dispersal pathways in estimates of invasive species connectivity. We considered dispersal from source populations in the outlet by limiting the diadromous form of the DCI to consider dispersal paths from the outlet to uninvaded segments. We additionally considered dispersal from already established populations by modifying the potamodromous DCI to consider dispersal paths from invaded segments to uninvaded ones. We applied this method to the case of the Grand River watershed in Ontario, Canada. We focused on the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a pervasive invasive species in the region with established populations in our studied watershed. We found that invasive connectivity was closely linked to native species' connectivity. In single barrier removal simulations, gains in native connectivity were in most cases nearly completely matched by gains in invasive connectivity. When multiple barrier removals were considered, invasive connectivity further constrained restorative actions. Specifically, connectivity restoration through barrier removals that did not consider invasive dispersal increased the risk of these populations spreading at all levels of barrier removal. Even when both native and invasive priorities were considered, increases in invasive connectivity could not be avoided because round goby populations are established in mainstem regions. We found that accounting for this dispersal risk from established populations, in addition to dispersal from the outlet, was essential to fully consider the risk of further spread to the watershed's tributaries. In addition, we identified areas where native connectivity was high relative to invasive connectivity, which could inform selective habitat restoration. Taken together, we demonstrated the importance of considering invasive connectivity from multiple sources when undertaking connectivity restoration.},
}
@article {pmid41531307,
year = {2026},
author = {Zeng, K and Schembri, J and Slavich, E and Moles, AT},
title = {How strong is enemy release? A systematic compilation across taxa and approaches.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {1},
pages = {e70276},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70276},
pmid = {41531307},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {DP190100243//Australian Research Council Discovery Projects/ ; //Australian Government Research Training Program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants/classification ; *Ecosystem ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; },
abstract = {The enemy release hypothesis posits that introduced species escape some of their predators, pathogens, and parasites when they move to a new range. We used a systematic review to compile data from 691 contrasts of enemy release spanning plants, animals, and algae in aquatic and terrestrial systems worldwide. Data from 311 biogeographic contrasts (between home and new range) revealed that on average, a species experiences only 43% as much enemy pressure in their introduced range as they experience in their native range. Data from 380 community contrasts (between native and introduced species) revealed that introduced species experience on average 70% of the enemy pressure that their native congeners endure. Interestingly, one third (36%) of contrasts showed higher, rather than lower, enemy pressure on the introduced population. Enemy release was well supported in contrasts of the diversity of enemies and enemy damage but not significant in contrasts of host fitness, suggesting that while introduced populations are attacked by fewer enemies, this does not always result in higher fitness. We also found that biogeographic enemy release was higher in mollusks and fish but lower in insects and algae, indicating that certain taxa may be favored by enemy release. We hope that an improved understanding of the extent to which introduced species are released from enemy pressures will help managers to identify good opportunities for biocontrol and to understand the factors likely to be affecting the success of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41531186,
year = {2026},
author = {Briggs, MA and Webb, MAH and Guy, CS and Koel, TM},
title = {Plasticity in the reproductive biology of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake following lake trout Salvelinus namaycush invasion.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70281},
pmid = {41531186},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//National Park Service/ ; },
abstract = {Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake are the focus of intensive conservation efforts due to the threat of predation by invasive lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Suppression gillnetting has reduced the abundance of predatory lake trout, and the Yellowstone cutthroat trout population is recovering. Long-term monitoring indicates the size structure of the population shifted following lake trout invasion, suggesting that reproductive demographic rates of Yellowstone cutthroat trout may have changed. Length at 50% probability of maturity, as assessed using histological analysis of gonadal tissue, was 479 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 467-490 mm) for females and 406 mm (95% CI 386-430 mm) for males, compared to 330 mm for males and females historically. Currently, age at 50% probability of maturity is 6.6 for females and 5.4 for males. The rate of skipped spawning was 3% for females and 38% for males. Mean absolute fecundity was 2897 ovarian follicles/individual at present compared to 1141 ovarian follicles/individual before lake trout invasion. Mean relative fecundity was 2157 ovarian follicles/kg. This research illustrates the plasticity in the reproductive strategies of fishes as a result of an invasive species. Understanding the reproductive biology of fish populations is vital for effective fisheries management, and these results are integral to a population model that can be used to develop new conservation benchmarks for Yellowstone cutthroat trout.},
}
@article {pmid41530863,
year = {2026},
author = {Khorramnejad, A and Alfaro, C and Quaranta, S and Lozada-Chávez, AN and Gasmi, L and Perdomo, HD and Chiarelli, LR and Bonizzoni, M},
title = {Population differences in reproductive resource allocation and heterosis in the invasive vector Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {77},
pmid = {41530863},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {PE00000007//EU funding within the NextGeneration EU-MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology/genetics ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/genetics ; Reproduction ; Female ; *Introduced Species ; *Hybrid Vigor ; Oviposition ; Male ; Fertility ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: An understanding of the traits that favour biological invasions has been considered to be an essential step in predicting which species would become successful invaders. Classical approaches test for differences between invasive versus non-invasive species and emphasize reproduction as a critical phenotype for successful establishment of an invasive species. However, cross-species comparisons underestimate intra-species differences, which may be relevant in species with complex invasion histories.<br><br>METHODS: We capitalize on the well-characterized invasion history of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus, which has resulted in genetically distinct native, old and invasive populations, and compared the reproductive capacity (fertility and fecundity), development (timing of egg hatching, oviposition patterns and egg hatching) and physiology (blood digestion and nutrient movement during oogenesis) across populations.<br><br>RESULTS: The results show that invasive populations are larger in size compared to the Ae. albopictus reference Foshan population and have a higher reproductive output than both an old population and the reference Foshan population. The higher reproductive capacity of invasive mosquitoes has both a physiological and genetic basis, and is accompanied by hybrid vigour, albeit at varying degrees across populations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight population-level differences in reproductive traits of Ae. albopictus populations that may be associated with their invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid41529444,
year = {2026},
author = {Ibrahim, E and Nasser, R and Zhang, J and Ayoade, SO and Chen, L and Yu, H and Sang, L and Hafeez, R and Luo, J and Lu, J and Li, B},
title = {Gut microbiota communities and their multifaceted roles in immune defense and social behavior of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta).},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {306},
number = {},
pages = {128438},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2026.128438},
pmid = {41529444},
issn = {1618-0623},
mesh = {*Ants/microbiology/immunology/physiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Animals ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Social Behavior ; Behavior, Animal ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is an invasive species recognized for its aggressive behavior, posing significant risks to human health and local ecosystems. Pathogenic microbes, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses, play a critical role in the population of this pest and limiting its damage. Recent studies highlight the essential functions of gut microbiota, particularly bacteria, in enhancing S. invicta's immune responses to these pathogens. This review examines the diversity of gut microbiota in S. invicta, elucidating their contributions to immunity against pathogenic infections and their impact on the ant's overall activity and behavior. Previous studies indicate that the gut microbiota of S. invicta comprises various bacterial genera, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinobacteria, Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, Ralstonia, Achromobacter, and Lansdales, which play vital roles, particularly in digestion, nutrient synthesis, and immune function against pathogens. Furthermore, the composition of gut microbiota significantly influences foraging efficiency and social interactions within S. invicta colonies. Therefore, understanding the role of gut microbiota in the behavior and activity of S. invicta provides valuable insights for developing effective management strategies to control their populations. This review summarizes previous research on gut microbiota in S. invicta, focusing on its ecological significance and implications for future pest management studies.},
}
@article {pmid41527857,
year = {2026},
author = {Shen, C and Tao, Z and Zhang, K and Qin, W and Wu, H and Xu, X and Chen, X and Siemann, E and Huang, W},
title = {Co-Invasion by Distantly Related Invasive Plants Drives Invasional Meltdown via Synergistic Increases in Putative Soil Fungal Pathogens.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {e70710},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70710},
pmid = {41527857},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2024YFF1307500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 32401465//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; GZC20232937//Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Solidago/microbiology/physiology ; *Fungi/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Biological invasion is a major component of global change, and co-invasion of multiple invasive species is becoming increasingly common under accelerating globalization, climate warming, and land-use change. Such co-invasions can generate non-additive impacts on ecosystems, either exacerbating or mitigating invasion outcomes, yet their ecological consequences and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We conducted a two-phase greenhouse experiment using Solidago canadensis as a focal invader and 16 co-occurring invaders to condition soils in monocultures and mixtures, and then tested effects of these soils on a native plant community. We found that non-additive effects of co-invasions on native community biomass were generally negative, with phylogenetically distant co-invaders exerting stronger negative effects. These patterns were largely driven by synergistic increases in the richness of putative soil fungal pathogens induced by distantly related co-invaders. A complementary field survey confirmed these patterns in natural communities, showing that greater phylogenetic distance among co-invaders was associated with higher richness of putative soil fungal pathogens and stronger reductions in native plant abundance. Our study provides the first empirical evidence that evolutionary relatedness among co-invaders predicts the direction and magnitude of their combined impacts via soil microbial pathways. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating evolutionary and belowground mechanisms into invasion theory, and underscore the urgent need to recognize co-invasion as a key process for predicting and managing invasion impacts under global change.},
}
@article {pmid41527561,
year = {2026},
author = {Tso, N and Norbu, N and Li, W and Tan, X and Zeng, Z and Qiong, L and Wang, J},
title = {Species diversity patterns in Tagetes minuta-invaded plant communities along an elevational gradient in Southeastern Xizang.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e20573},
pmid = {41527561},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; *Tagetes ; Ecosystem ; China ; *Altitude ; },
abstract = {Tagetes minuta, a herbaceous plant native to South America, has shown a significant trend of invasion along the section from Nyingchi to Shannan, situated along the Yarlung Zangbo River in southeastern Xizang in recent years. In this study, we conducted field surveys of T. minuta plant communities at elevations ranging from 2,925 to 3,553 m. By establishing 31 quadrats, we systematically analyzed the species composition, diversity characteristics of the invaded communities of T. minuta, and their relationships with elevation gradients and habitat types. The study results revealed that a total of 78 plant species, belonging to 28 families and 69 genera, were recorded in the T. minuta-invaded plant communities. Among them, the families Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Rosaceae were dominant, with herbaceous plants being in an absolute majority. The diversity analysis showed that the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou's evenness index of were significantly higher in the community group mainly composed of Eragrotis pilosa and Plantago depressa (Cluster Group II) compared to the groups dominated by Poa annua plus Plantago depressa (Cluster Group I) and Poa annua and Digitaria cruciata (Cluster group III) (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were found in species richness. This suggests that the invasion of T. minuta primarily affects the evenness of species distribution rather than species richness. In addition, the species diversity indices of the T. minuta-invaded plant communities showed no significant correlation with elevation, indicating that elevation is not a major factor influencing species diversity in the invaded communities. The height of T. minuta was significantly positively correlated with elevation (P < 0.01), while its cover showed no significant correlation with elevation. Under different habitat types, the height and cover of T. minuta showed significant differences, with stronger invasion ability in habitats with greater human disturbance. This study highlights the invasion characteristics of T. minuta and its relationship with elevation in southeastern Xizang, offering valuable data for the ecological management of invasive plant species in plateau regions.},
}
@article {pmid41527536,
year = {2026},
author = {Harrison, B and Beston, J},
title = {Relationship Between Endemic and Invasive Frogs on Grenada.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72889},
pmid = {41527536},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species, loss of habitat, and climate change are just some of the many threats accelerating biodiversity loss, and understanding their impacts on endangered species is key to implementing effective conservation. The endemic Grenada frog (Pristimantis euphronides) is found only in high elevation cloud forests, habitat that is being invaded by the introduced Lesser Antillean frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei) and threatened by climate change. Between 2004 and 2020, our field team surveyed three key sites in the central highlands of Grenada to monitor populations of both frogs. We used generalized linear models and Spearman's rank analysis to evaluate the effects of site and invasive frog relative abundance on the endemic frog. Although the relative abundances of the two species were negatively correlated overall (ρ = -0.501, 95% CI: (-0.660, -0.300)), the relationship between them was weakly positive in the model that included site as a covariate. The two species appear to respond similarly to environmental fluctuations at local scales, but the negative overall correlation implies that competition with the Lesser Antillean frog may have affected the distribution of the Grenada frog across the island. Grenada frogs were much more abundant than Lesser Antillean frogs at the highest elevation site, while the reverse was true at the lower sites. If higher elevation sites are indeed acting as refugia for the Grenada frog from its invasive competitor, the effects of climate change at those high elevation sites will likely be critical to the future of the species.},
}
@article {pmid41527193,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, GY and Lee, WH},
title = {Regional predictions of subterranean ant Pheidole megacephala distribution based on a global ensemble species distribution model incorporating climate and soil temperature.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70538},
pmid = {41527193},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pheidole megacephala, a globally invasive ant species, poses a substantial threat to native invertebrate biodiversity and agricultural productivity. Predicting its potential spread is critical for managing future invasions. Although species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to forecast invasive species ranges, improved accuracy for subterranean species such as P. megacephala requires integrating habitat-specific variables, such as soil temperature, and employing multi-model approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the global and regional invasion potential of P. megacephala using an ensemble modeling framework that combines mechanistic (CLIMEX) and correlative (MaxEnt) models, enhanced with soil microclimate data.<br><br>RESULTS: Both CLIMEX and MaxEnt models predicted high habitat suitability for P.&#x2009;megacephala across tropical and subtropical regions, including the southeastern United States, parts of South America, central and southern Africa, Southeast Asia, and portions of East Asia and temperate zones. In South Korea, inclusion of soil temperature data in CLIMEX significantly expanded the predicted suitable area from 65% (climate-only model) to 95% (soil-integrated model), especially in southern and coastal regions. Seasonal phenology analysis indicated that the period from April to October poses the highest risk of establishment and spread in international port cities.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that incorporating soil temperature into SDMs greatly improves the accuracy of predicting suitable habitats for subterranean invasive ants. The combined CLIMEX-MaxEnt ensemble approach provides a robust framework for assessing invasion risk and identifying high-risk regions, offering guidance for early detection, surveillance and quarantine strategies, particularly near global trade hubs vulnerable to biological invasions. &#xa9; 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41526446,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Z and Zhao, L and Meng, F and Zhu, Z and Lu, Y},
title = {Secure multi-party test case data generation through generative adversarial networks.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {5085},
pmid = {41526446},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2024-dchrcpyzz-9//Excellent Talent Training Funding Project in Dongcheng District/ ; 9874//GEF project:Strengthening coordinated approaches to reduce invasive alien species (IAS) threats to globally significant agrobiodiversity and agroecosystems in China/ ; },
abstract = {In the current landscape of software testing, challenges persist in test case data generation, including variability in data quality and the inherent difficulty of data synthesis. These challenges are further exacerbated in scenarios where data are widely distributed across heterogeneous organizational environments. Privacy regulations and security concerns impose strict constraints on data sharing, preventing centralized data aggregation and highlighting the necessity of a federated environment as a more practical solution. To address the privacy protection and data sharing challenges in federated test case data generation, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based method specifically designed for federated settings. By leveraging the strong data generation capabilities of GANs, the proposed approach is able to generate high-quality and diverse test case data while preserving data privacy. Specifically, through a protocol grammar-based deep learning framework combined with test case encoder-decoder encoding mechanisms and a GAN-driven sample character generator, the proposed method can predict and generate variant test case samples. In the federated environment, each participant trains the generator and discriminator locally, while model parameters are securely aggregated to achieve global model optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated test case data outperforms traditional methods in terms of coverage and effectiveness, significantly enhancing the efficiency and quality of software testing. Ultimately, the proposed framework provides a scalable solution for identifying latent vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure while strictly adhering to data sovereignty requirements in cross-organizational environments.},
}
@article {pmid41523668,
year = {2026},
author = {Hannay, D and Chorak, GM and Harkess, A and Clevenger, J and Cuperus, JT and Hale, H and Aközbek, L and Meharg, Z and Carey, SB and Myers, Z and Queitsch, C and Stamatoyannopoulos, A and Thum, RA},
title = {Trait Mapping Utilizing a Newly Constructed Genome for Allohexaploid Invasive Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) Reveals a Non-Target Site QTL Associated With Fluridone Resistance.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {e70193},
pmid = {41523668},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Herbicides are a valuable tool in agricultural ecosystems to manage nuisance species. Due to the reliance on herbicides for weed control, herbicide resistance is a growing concern. Herbicides are also used extensively in aquatic and natural systems, but the genetics and evolutionary dynamics of resistance are not as frequently incorporated into management plans in these systems. In Eurasian watermilfoil, a widespread and heavily managed invasive aquatic weed in the United States, clonal lineages have been characterized as resistant to fluridone, a commonly used phytoene desaturase (PDS)-inhibitor herbicide. In order to locate genomic loci associated with herbicide resistance, we created an F2 mapping population segregating for fluridone resistance. Using this population, we examined the pds gene for amino acid alterations in resistant individuals and performed bulk segregant analysis between the highly resistant and susceptible F2 individuals. Additionally, we compared pds gene expression between resistant and susceptible strains in control and treated environments using RT-qPCR. We found no evidence of amino acid alterations to the pds gene in fluridone resistant individuals or increased pds expression in the resistant strain, either in the presence or absence of fluridone. Our QTL mapping identified a putative QTL on chromosome seven, while the gene encoding fluridone's target molecule, phytoene desaturase (PDS) is located on chromosomes 10-12. Our results indicate that fluridone resistance in the Eurasian watermilfoil strain isolated from Lake Lansing, MI, is due to at least one non-target site mechanism. Characterizing mechanisms of herbicide resistance within invasive plants enables effective and thoughtful herbicide usage, as well as the development of diagnostic biomarkers for resistance in unknown populations.},
}
@article {pmid41523609,
year = {2025},
author = {Khanal, S and Adhikari, HS and Chettri, MK},
title = {Impact of Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) Invasion on Floral Composition and Soil Microbiota.},
journal = {Scientifica},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {7359416},
pmid = {41523609},
issn = {2090-908X},
abstract = {Plant invasion modifies the aboveground and belowground biota directly or indirectly via allelopathic effect. This study aimed to ascertain if the invasive species Alternanthera philoxeroides impacts plant diversity, plant composition, and soil microbes or not. The soil microbial activity (CO2 release) and soil pH were also recorded. The plant communities invaded and uninvaded with Alternanthera philoxeroides were examined using the quadrat method. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm depth, and the culture method was used for soil microbial analysis. The plant species richness and soil fungi were found to be reduced at A. philoxeroides invaded plots than at uninvaded plots. The IVI of all common species such as Cynodon dactylon, Bidens pilosa, and Trifolium repens was highly suppressed in the invaded zone. The parameters like plant diversity indices, colony count of soil microbes, soil microbial activity (CO2 release), and soil pH were found to be reduced at invaded sites than at uninvaded sites. The results indicated that the invasive A. philoxeroides modifies the plant community composition, and the underlying mechanism for the change is possibly by altering the soil microbiota, microbial respiration, and soil pH with their successful invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41522225,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, S and Wang, Y and Qin, H and Zhang, Z and Liu, S and Ruan, Y and Chen, G and Yuan, X and Zhang, H},
title = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) Technology in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health Research: Advances and Prospects.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72891},
pmid = {41522225},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology, as a minimally invasive or noninvasive monitoring approach, has been increasingly applied in biodiversity surveys and ecosystem health assessment by detecting genetic material in environmental samples. This approach exhibits high sensitivity for identifying rare, endangered, and invasive species, with broad applicability across aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric ecosystems. Moreover, eDNA metabarcoding enables large-scale detection of microbial community structure and function. By systematically synthesizing multi-environment case studies, this review evaluates optimized eDNA workflows, including sampling (0.22-0.45 μm filtration for aquatic systems, PCI/DNeasy methods for soils, and MD8 samplers for air), DNA extraction, and bioinformatic analysis, integrating standardized guidelines to enhance research reproducibility and comparability. Despite advantages such as reduced field labor and cost efficiency, eDNA applications still face critical challenges, such as reference database gaps, full-process quality control risks, methodological inconsistencies, and limitations in abundance quantification. Future advancements in sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and interdisciplinary integration (machine learning, remote sensing) are expected to expand eDNA's role in tackling global change issues such as climate adaptation, pollution tracking, and ecological restoration.},
}
@article {pmid41521310,
year = {2026},
author = {Rodriguez, J and Jones, S and Taylor, L and DeMarco, J and Baker, K and Myers, M},
title = {Efficacy of sarolaner in Simparica[®] (sarolaner) chewables and Simparica Trio[®] (sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel chewable tablets) against two US strains of Haemaphysalis longicornis.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {75},
pmid = {41521310},
issn = {1756-3305},
mesh = {Animals ; Dogs ; *Tick Infestations/drug therapy/veterinary/parasitology ; *Ixodidae/drug effects ; *Dog Diseases/drug therapy/parasitology ; *Pyrantel/administration &amp; dosage ; *Azetidines/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; *Spiro Compounds/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; Macrolides/administration &amp; dosage ; *Acaricides/administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Treatment Outcome ; Drug Combinations ; Male ; Tablets ; United States ; *Isoxazoles/administration &amp; dosage ; Haemaphysalis longicornis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian longhorned tick) is an invasive species now established in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic USA. It feeds on mammalian wildlife, livestock, birds, cats, dogs, and humans. Simparica[®] and Simparica Trio[®] contain sarolaner, a drug in the isoxazoline class, with activity against fleas, ticks, and mites.<br><br>METHODS: Two laboratory studies were conducted using 30 dogs each, randomized into three groups (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;10/group): placebo (Pet Tabs[&#xae;]), Simparica Trio (minimum dose: 1.2&#xa0;mg/kg sarolaner, 24&#xa0;&#xb5;g/kg moxidectin, 5&#xa0;mg/kg pyrantel, as pamoate salt), and Simparica (minimum dose: 2.0&#xa0;mg/kg sarolaner). Treatments were administered once orally on Day 0 according to the approved commercial dosing directions. Each dog was infested with 50 (&#xb1;&#x2009;5) unfed viable adult female H. longicornis on Days -2, 7, 14, 21, 30, 37, 49, and 63, and ticks were counted with removal and categorization at 48&#xa0;h after treatment and each subsequent infestation. Ectoparasitic efficacy was calculated on the basis of the reduction in arithmetic mean of live and dead tick counts in each of the treated groups versus the untreated control group for every time point post infestation.<br><br>RESULTS: Adequate challenge was demonstrated in both studies on the basis of live tick counts at each time point. For all sarolaner-treated groups, mean live counts were significantly (P&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;0.0005) lower than those for the placebo at all time points. For Simparica, in Study 1, the percentage reductions were 100% for all time points up to Day 39. On Days 51 and 65, the percentage reductions were 98.9% and 82.4%, respectively. In Study 2, reductions were 99.7-100% up to Day 65. For Simparica Trio, in Study 1, percentage reductions were 100% up to Day 51. On Day 65, the percentage reduction was 78.4%. In Study 2, reductions were 99.6-100% up to Day 39 and 97.6% and 94.1% on Days 51 and 65, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Results from these controlled studies demonstrated high efficacy (78.4-100%) of Simparica and Simparica Trio in reducing existing and subsequent infestations of H. longicornis within 48&#xa0;h for up to 65&#xa0;days post treatment.},
}
@article {pmid41518960,
year = {2026},
author = {Rodríguez-Ruiz, &#xc1; and González-Ortegón, E and de Carvalho-Souza, GF and Moreno-Andrés, J and Nebot, E and Romero-Martínez, L},
title = {Effects of UV-LED irradiation on decapod crustacean larval mortality, motility, and respiration: Implications for ballast water treatments and invasive species management.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {225},
number = {},
pages = {119238},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119238},
pmid = {41518960},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Ballast water is a major vector for the transport of aquatic non-indigenous species among ecosystems worldwide. To comply with the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, vessels on international voyages commonly rely on Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS) to meet the D-2 performance standard, often using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as a key disinfection step. UV-light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) offer a mercury-free UV source with long lifespan and flexibility in wavelength selection; compared to conventional lamps, they are smaller in size and require no warm-up time. Yet, their effects on larger planktonic organisms (≥50 μm) remain poorly understood. Here, we tested the effect of UV-C-LED (λ = 265 nm) on larvae of the invasive European green crab Carcinus maenas, assessing mortality, immobility, and respiration under three UV-C doses (40, 120, and 200 mJ·cm[-2]). All UV-C treatments significantly reduced larval motility and respiration relative to controls, leading to increased mortality over time. Larvae required comparatively high doses (120-200 mJ·cm[-2]) to reach substantial inactivation, relative to doses reported for bacterial and phytoplanktonic fractions. These results provide species- and life stage-specific UV-C thresholds for the ≥50 μm size class and demonstrate the value of combining behavioural, lethal and physiological endpoints when validating UV-LED-based BWMS.},
}
@article {pmid41518549,
year = {2026},
author = {Manoharan, MA and Erinjery, JJ and Veerankutty, S},
title = {The impact of climate change on the invasiveness of Ageratum conyzoides (goat weed) in India: implications for biodiversity conservation.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {2},
pages = {115},
pmid = {41518549},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {Grant number: 08/675(0003)/2018-EMR-I//CSIR/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; India ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ageratum/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Plant Weeds/growth &amp; development ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Climate change and biological invasions are major drivers of global biodiversity loss. Ageratum conyzoides L. is a highly aggressive invader, yet its ecological risks and potential range dynamics in India remain insufficiently quantified. To assess its future invasion potential, we applied an ensemble species distribution modelling approach (BIOMOD2 in R), integrating random forest, artificial neural networks, and generalized linear models. Bioclimatic predictors were obtained from CMIP6-based climate projections across four SSP pathways (WorldClim v2.1). Model performance was evaluated using multiple evaluation metrics including TSS, ROC, and Kappa to ensure robustness. Precipitation-related predictors, including precipitation of the wettest month (BIO13; 500-1000 mm), and precipitation seasonality (BIO15; 40-60%) were identified as dominant drivers of distribution. High-suitability areas (≥ 70% probability), the potential invasion-risk zones, are projected to concentrate in the Western Ghats and the Himalayan foothills, with marked upslope expansion, and to extend into the Eastern Ghats and Central Highlands. Least-suitable habitats (climate refugial zones, ~ 2.40 million km[2] during 1970-2000) are projected to shrink substantially by 2100, to ~ 1.82 million km[2] (SSP1-2.6), ~ 1.45 million km[2] (SSP2-4.5), ~ 1.23 million km[2] (SSP3-7.0), and ~ 1.04 million km[2] (SSP5-8.5). These contractions indicate a broad climatic shift toward conditions favorable for the spread of the species. Overall, climate change is projected to markedly enhance the potential spread of A. conyzoides across India. The findings underscore the need for proactive, region-specific management in biodiversity hotspots such as the Western Ghats and Himalayas, the protection of climatically stable refugia, and the integration of predictive modeling into national invasive-species management policies.},
}
@article {pmid41516256,
year = {2025},
author = {Brai, A and Tiberio, L and Chiti, M and Poggialini, F and Vagaggini, C and Consales, G and Marsili, L and Dreassi, E},
title = {From Ecological Threat to Bioactive Resource: The Nutraceutical Components of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus).},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41516256},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {Giovani e Ricerca Scientifica//Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Pistoia e Pescia/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/chemistry/metabolism ; *Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Antioxidants/analysis ; Polyphenols/analysis ; Male ; Xanthophylls/analysis ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis ; Female ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; },
abstract = {Native to the western Atlantic, the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus (CS) has spread to the Mediterranean, affecting local ecosystems and mussel aquaculture and leading to severe ecological and financial losses in Italy and other areas. Given its rapid spread and socio-economic impacts, several countries have begun to exploit CS commercially, but the consumers' interest is still limited. In this study, we analysed both nutrient and nutraceutical profiles of CS meats, evaluating potential differences related to sex and meat typology. We found that CS meats are rich in high quality proteins and contain all the essential amino acids required for a correct diet. The fat of CS is not only rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) but also displays remarkably low atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, highlighting its strong potential in promoting cardiovascular health. In addition, CS is rich in nutraceutical compounds, in particular polyphenols and astaxanthin, revealing a good antioxidant activity maintained after simulated gastrointestinal hydrolysis. Last but not least, CS has remarkable α-glucosidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity, highlighting potential benefits in controlling glycaemic peaks and hypertension.},
}
@article {pmid41515423,
year = {2025},
author = {Gębarowska, E and Łyczko, J and Kmieć, A and Bączek, P and Twardowska, K and Stępień, B},
title = {Invasive Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Aiton) as a Source of Natural Bioactive Antimicrobial, Insecticidal, and Allelopathic Compounds.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41515423},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Insecticides/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Solidago/chemistry ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Animals ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; Allelopathy ; },
abstract = {Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Aiton) is a highly invasive species in Europe (e.g., Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic) whose secondary metabolites can serve as potential sources of bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile of S. gigantea extracts and evaluated their antibacterial, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities. The extracts were found to be rich in flavonoids (TFC = 101 mg QE/g) and phenolics (TPC = 175 mg GAE/g), with chlorogenic acid and rutin as dominant constituents. Strong antibacterial activity was observed against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus spp. (MIC90 = 2.3 mg/mL; MBC = 5 mg/mL), while Gram-negative bacteria were less sensitive, with moderate susceptibility in Rhizobium radiobacter and Pseudomonas syringae. The extract exhibited fungistatic activity against all tested filamentous fungi, with Fusarium species being the most sensitive (49-56% growth inhibition at 10 mg/mL). Insecticidal assays demonstrated significant mortality of Tribolium confusum adults at 2.5-7.0 mg/mL and feeding inhibition at concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/mL. Seedling growth tests showed dose-dependent effects-from mild suppression to moderate stimulation, varying by plant species. Foliar application revealed both stimulatory and inhibitory effects, with the strongest biomass reduction in cress at 10 mg/mL (-45%). These findings indicate that S. gigantea extracts possess potent antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and allelopathic activities. Their concentration-dependent effects on pathogens and plants highlight potential applications in sustainable agriculture, including natural crop protection and integrated pest management.},
}
@article {pmid41514939,
year = {2026},
author = {Wickramasingha, B and West, J and Bellanthudawa, BKA and Graziano, MP and Surasinghe, TD},
title = {The Multifaceted Importance of Amphibians: Ecological, Biomedical, and Socio-Economic Perspectives.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41514939},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrate groups globally, with over 40% of species at risk of extinction. However, a gap remains in understanding how to effectively develop and implement amphibian conservation strategies at local and global scales to minimize extinction risk. This review synthesizes multidisciplinary evidence to frame amphibian conservation as a priority not only for species preservation but for safeguarding ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Drawing on ecological, physiological, biomedical, and technological literature, we highlight the foundational roles amphibians play in various biomes: regulating invertebrate populations, mediating nutrient and energy flows, modifying physical habitats, and supporting biodiversity through trophic interactions. Their dual aquatic-terrestrial life cycles and highly permeable skin make them highly sensitive to environmental change, positioning them as bioindicators for ecosystem health. We further explore emerging tools and concepts such as environmental metabolomics, remote sensing, and citizen science for monitoring population trends and environmental stressors. Additionally, we discuss conservation challenges in relation to land-use change, climate disruption, invasive species, emerging diseases, and institutional underinvestment. We argue for the recognition of amphibians as ecological allies and the increased integration of amphibian conservation into broader frameworks such as ecosystem service valuation, climate resilience planning, and public health policy improvement. Finally, we identify key research gaps and suggest future directions to remedy these oversights, including the incorporation of traditional knowledge, socio-cultural engagement, and technological innovations for sustainable amphibian conservation. Realizing this vision will require globally coordinated, locally grounded strategies that fuse scientific insight, inclusive governance, and long-term investment-ensuring that amphibian conservation advances ecosystem stability and benefits both nature and society.},
}
@article {pmid41513669,
year = {2026},
author = {Rönnfeldt, A and Holle, V and Schifferle, K and Gallien, L and Knight, T and Weigelt, P and Craven, D and Sarmento Cabral, J and Zurell, D},
title = {Climatic niche conservatism in non-native plants depends on introduction history and biogeographic context.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {416},
pmid = {41513669},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {ZU 361/3-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Climate ; *Plants/classification ; Geography ; Plant Dispersal ; },
abstract = {Niche conservatism is a fundamental assumption in predictive models for managing non-native species, but its generality remains debated due to mixed empirical evidence. We argue that this reflects underexplored context dependencies, as few studies have compared the niche dynamics of species introduced to multiple regions. Here, we quantify climatic niche changes in 1566 introductions of 316 non-native plant species across eight regions, including continents and archipelagos. While niche expansion into previously unoccupied conditions was low, niche conservatism and unfilling varied strongly across regions. Species with small native range sizes exhibited greater niche expansion. Longer residence times reduced niche unfilling, suggesting that a lack of niche conservatism observed in many regions might be transient and potentially linked to dispersal limitations. Our results highlight the necessity to consider region-specific contexts when assessing the potential for niche changes and provide a critical foundation for improving predictive models informing the management of non-native species.},
}
@article {pmid41512338,
year = {2026},
author = {Frederico, RG and de Souza, CP and Salvador, GN and Magalhães, ALB and Orsi, M and Leitão, RP},
title = {Effects of climate change on invasive fish species and the vulnerability of tropical freshwater ecoregions.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1014},
number = {},
pages = {181359},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181359},
pmid = {41512338},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Fishes/physiology ; Brazil ; Fresh Water ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Tropical Climate ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions and climate change are major drivers of biodiversity loss, yet their combined effects on freshwater ecosystems in tropical regions remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the current and future climatic suitability of Brazil's freshwater ecoregions for non-native fish species and identify regions most vulnerable to biological invasions under climate change. We compiled a comprehensive database of non-native freshwater fishes in Brazil and modeled the potential distributions of 138 species using ecological niche models (ENMs). Occurrence records from native and non-native ranges, bioclimatic variables, and three climatic scenarios (current, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5). We overlaid model projections with Brazil's freshwater ecoregions to quantify changes in suitable areas and identify invasion hotspots. Model performance was good, AUC values ranging from 0.80 ± 0.06 to 1.00 ± 0.01 and TSS values from 0.61 ± 0.08 to 1.00 ± 0.02. Most non-native species (65-66 %) are projected to lose climatically suitable areas under future conditions, particularly in northern ecoregions such as the Amazon Basin. In contrast, several ecoregions in southern and southeastern Brazil are expected to remain or become increasingly suitable for non-native species, despite an overall reduction in suitability at large scale. These regions are also those most affected by urbanization, habitat fragmentation, aquaculture, and hydropower development, which may amplify invasion risks. Our findings demonstrate that climate change will shift invasion risk toward southern Brazil, reinforcing the need for targeted prevention, improved aquaculture management, and awareness programs to reduce the establishment and spread of non-native freshwater fishes.},
}
@article {pmid41510614,
year = {2026},
author = {Destierdt, W and Deconninck, G and Crespo, JE and Moyer, E and Foray, V and Chabrerie, O and Pincebourde, S},
title = {Temperature overrides nutritional cues for optimal oviposition decision in a polyphagous invasive insect.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {229},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.251743},
pmid = {41510614},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {ANR-20-CE02-0011//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //Lund University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Oviposition ; Female ; *Temperature ; Cues ; Wolbachia/physiology ; *Drosophila/physiology/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; Fruit ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Polyphagous insects rely on multiple cues to choose oviposition sites, including substrate temperature and nutritional quality, which often do not coincide. We examined how females of the invasive fly Drosophila suzukii make oviposition decisions when temperature and nutrition mismatch, and whether infection with the symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia influences these choices. We first quantified female performance (egg number, offspring development time, survival and mass) on four fruit purees at three ambient temperatures. We then assessed oviposition preferences when either substrate temperature or fruit quality varied independently. Finally, we conducted multi-choice experiments combining thermal and nutritional cues to test which most strongly drives oviposition. Both temperature and fruit quality affected offspring performance. Although females did not always choose the most favourable fruit, they consistently prioritised thermally optimal sites, even when these were nutritionally suboptimal. This behaviour gave partial support to the preference-performance hypothesis, which mainly held for temperature - the factor with the strongest effect on offspring development and survival in no-choice tests. Wolbachia infection enhanced offspring survival and reduced development time. It also altered oviposition patterns, leading to a more even distribution of eggs across fruit, though females maintained their preference for thermally favourable sites. Our findings suggest that the invasive success of D. suzukii could partly result from its capacity to select oviposition sites that maximise offspring performance under variable conditions. More broadly, they highlight the need to study behavioural decisions under conflicting environmental constraints to understand how behavioural flexibility contributes to individual fitness and population persistence in changing environments.},
}
@article {pmid41509819,
year = {2026},
author = {Nandini, S and Sarma, SSS and Dumont, HJ},
title = {Effect of salinity on the feeding behavior of Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771) (Hydrozoa).},
journal = {Journal of plankton research},
volume = {48},
number = {1},
pages = {fbaf065},
pmid = {41509819},
issn = {0142-7873},
abstract = {Cordylophora caspia, is considered an invasive species in America. We isolated this hydrozoan from the brackish water section of the River Tuxpan (State of Veracruz, Mexico) and cultured it in the laboratory on mixed prey of copepods and rotifers at a salinity of 20 g L[-1]. C. caspia is tolerant of a wide range of salinities. Most studies on C. caspia report its feeding and population growth on Artemia nauplii. Here we tested the effect of salinity on functional response and prey preference on Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera), Apocyclops panamensis (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) and Nitokra lacustris (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Experiments were conducted at 25°C. The hydrozoan killed several prey during functional response studies, which we assumed that it would eventually consume. On all prey test species, C. caspia showed a Type II functional response. Prey consumption, in terms of biomass, and preferences was higher on copepods than on rotifers. Prey consumption was higher at salinities of 10 and 20 g L[-1] than of 30 g L[-1].},
}
@article {pmid41508026,
year = {2026},
author = {Biró, M and Öllerer, K and Molnár, K and Türke, IJ and Horváth, D and Juhász-Kocsis, M and Babai, D and Molnár, Z},
title = {Delayed effects of indirect drivers behind changing habitat management in Central Europe.},
journal = {Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {18},
pmid = {41508026},
issn = {1746-4269},
support = {NKFIH K 146526//Nemzeti Kutat&#xe1;si Fejleszt&#xe9;si &#xe9;s Innov&#xe1;ci&#xf3;s Hivatal/ ; NKFIH K 131837//Nemzeti Kutat&#xe1;si Fejleszt&#xe9;si &#xe9;s Innov&#xe1;ci&#xf3;s Hivatal/ ; PPD7/2019//MTA Premium Postdoctoral Research Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences/ ; RO1567-IBB03//Romanian Academy/ ; Lend&#xfc;let_2020-56//Momentum Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Grassland ; Humans ; *Ecosystem ; Romania ; Hungary ; Biodiversity ; Europe ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traditional management practices are essential for maintaining the biodiversity of many semi-natural grassland habitats. Abandonment of these practices is leading to shrub encroachment and a decline in biodiversity in many European regions. For this reason, understanding the social processes behind transforming traditional management practices and the subsequent habitat changes is currently a major focus of ecological research. We aimed to identify ecologically relevant indirect drivers (economic, demographic, institutional, cultural, and technological) impacting Natura 2000 grassland habitats since the mid-twentieth century in two neighbouring Central European post-communist countries, Hungary and Romania.<br><br>METHODS: Ecological memory on 21 semi-natural grassland localities was collected through 60 oral history interviews from knowledgeable locals. The studied localities were covered by semi-natural grasslands listed in the Habitats Directive, Annex I: 1.) Semi-natural dry grasslands (6210); 2.) Alluvial meadows of river valleys (6440); and 3.) Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes (1530*). We asked about three time periods (before: 1950-1961, during: 1962-1989, and after socialist collective farming: 1990-2007).<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 211 mentions of indirect drivers and categorised them into five main indirect driver categories. Economic drivers were the most often mentioned indirect driver categories for alluvial and saline habitats. Demographic drivers, such as ageing, labour shortage, and rural-urban migration, were highly intertwined and most pronounced for dry semi-natural grasslands. We found that the impacts of ecologically relevant social processes beginning in the 1960s-1970s became visible only decades later, reflected by delayed changes in grassland management and vegetation (e.g. shrub encroachment, spread of weeds and invasive species). Migration to cities was amplified by changing lifestyles and values, leading to a decrease in the village labour force and a consequent ageing of inhabitants, ultimately resulting in a major decline in livestock numbers and in traditional management practices. We argue that the decline of grassland management in the 1990s and 2000s was driven by long-term social processes that began in the 1960s.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We argue, that appropriate subsidy schemes and governance models are essential to support surviving traditional farming practices, integrate biodiversity conservation with cultural heritage, and sustain innovative rural communities transitioning within Europe's marginalised agricultural landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid41506158,
year = {2026},
author = {Ding, Y and Liu, M and Zhang, N and Zhang, F and Yang, X and Yuan, J},
title = {Stellera chamaejasme L. expansion-induced dynamic reorganization of soil microbial co-occurrence networks and their topological properties in subalpine meadows.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {398},
number = {},
pages = {128538},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128538},
pmid = {41506158},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Grassland ; Soil/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; *Thymelaeaceae ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Stellera chamaejasme L. is a widely invasive, toxic species in subalpine meadow ecosystems, and its expansion poses a serious threat to the ecological functions of grasslands. The interaction networks of soil microbial communities are crucial for ecosystem stability, but how S. chamaejasme expansion affects microbial co-occurrence networks and their linkages with environmental factors remains unclear, hindering our understanding of soil multifunctionality (SMF) degradation under toxic weed invasion. This study employed a space-for-time substitution approach. We selected sample plots representing different invasion ages of S. chamaejasme (defined by branching order, expansion extent, and expansion time): Age III (slight expansion, approximately 6 years), Age IV (moderate expansion, approximately 7 years), and Age V (severe expansion, approximately 8 years), with control check (CK) as the baseline. We analyzed soil environmental factors, microbial community structure, and co-occurrence network characteristics across these degradation age classes. The results demonstrated that: (1) The expansion of S. chamaejasme reduced community coverage in the invaded grassland by 30-50 %, while increasing the aboveground biomass by 45-55 %. Concurrently, soil microbial α-diversity was significantly affected, manifested by a highly significant decrease in the fungal Shannon index (P < 0.001, partial η[2] = 0.677) and a declining trend in the bacterial Shannon index (P < 0.05). (2) Soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), Urease, and pH promoted microbial diversity (P < 0.01), while soil available phosphorus (SAP), soil total phosphorus (STN) and microbial biomass phosphorus (STP) significantly inhibited it (P < 0.01). Soil available nutrients played a regulatory role in the changes of soil microbial communities. (3) With increasing S. chamaejasme age class, the complexity of the soil bacterial-fungal co-occurrence network exhibited a U-shaped trend, initially decreasing then increasing (Bacteria: ranging from 0.682 to 0.712; Fungi: ranging from 0.644 to 0.676). Key topological parameters - average degree (AD) and average clustering coefficient (ACC) - significantly decreased from CK to Age IV (P < 0.05), demonstrating higher fungal sensitivity. By Age V, bacterial network complexity began to increase, and this non-linear shift was correlated with changes in network stability metrics (robustness and vulnerability). This study reveals significant differences in the responses of fungal and bacterial communities to the expansion of S. chamaejasme. The dynamic reorganization of topological properties within their interaction networks constitutes a key mechanism driving changes in SMF. These findings provide novel insights into the microbial regulatory pathways underlying grassland degradation induced by noxious weed expansion and inform ecological restoration strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41503950,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, X and Unger, A and Shenkar, N and Zhan, A},
title = {Evolving Gene Expression Plasticity Under Climate Change: A Case Study of Thermal Adaptation in the Invasive Tunicate Herdmania momus.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {e70236},
doi = {10.1111/mec.70236},
pmid = {41503950},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {32101352//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32561143021//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32471740//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Urochordata/genetics/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Acclimatization/genetics ; *Gene Expression ; Temperature ; Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Phenotypic plasticity provides organisms with immediate resilience to environmental variability, yet its evolutionary trajectories and long-term role in adaptation under climate change remain unresolved. The invasive ascidian Herdmania momus, originating from the Red Sea and expanding into the rapidly warming and environmentally variable Mediterranean Sea, provides an ideal natural model for examining how gene expression plasticity evolves under accelerating climate change. By comparing gene expression plasticity of H. momus derived from native and invasive populations under temperature stress, we investigated the evolutionary trajectories of gene expression plasticity during the early stages of biological invasion. Our results reveal widespread transcriptional shifts and pronounced regional differences in plastic responses, indicating that gene expression plasticity can evolve rapidly following recent colonisation. Invasive Mediterranean populations exhibited reduced plasticity under both heat and cold stress. Genes associated with energy metabolism displayed consistent upregulation in both native and invasive ranges, underscoring their conserved role in thermal adaptation. Reaction norm analyses revealed that front-loading, characterised by elevated baseline expression but reduced plasticity, was the predominant pattern in Mediterranean populations, followed by high plasticity, dampening and amplifying responses. Notably, front-loading was enriched in genes involved in cellular stress responses, Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP) signalling and protein ubiquitination, suggesting that the evolution of plasticity should be function-dependent during rapid colonisation of changing climates. These findings shed light on the role of phenotypic plasticity in shaping adaptive evolution during biological invasions and in the broader context of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41503583,
year = {2025},
author = {Kofler, B and Mauchamp-Fessl, M and Poveda-Pazmiño, C and Causton, CE and Tebbich, S and Fessl, B},
title = {Innovations in invasive parasite control: enhancing nest treatment techniques to combat the threat of the avian vampire fly Philornis downsi in Galapagos.},
journal = {Frontiers in conservation science},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41503583},
issn = {2673-611X},
support = {W 1262/FWF_/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria ; },
abstract = {The invasive parasitic nest fly Philornis downsi poses a severe threat to the conservation of Galapagos' endemic landbirds, including Darwin's finches. Therefore, the development of effective stop-gap methods is required to mitigate its harmful impact until long-term solutions are found. This study aims to enhance the usability of two insecticide-based control methods designed to reduce fly infestation: 1) Self-fumigation during which birds incorporate insecticide-treated nesting material into their nests, and 2) the Spritz technique, which involves spraying insecticide around the nest entrance to prevent female flies from entering nests to lay eggs. To improve the efficacy and broaden the applicability of self-fumigation across species, we tested the effects of two insecticides using this method (Cyromazine and Permacap CS®) on per-nest P. downsi abundance and fledging success in three Darwin's finch species, Small Ground-finch (Geospiza fuliginosa), Small Tree-finch (Camarhynchus parvulus), and Green Warbler-finch (Certhidea olivacea). We employed a stepwise approach to optimize method efficacy through variation in the insecticide used and its dosage, dispenser setup, and the type of material offered to birds. Cyromazine was effective in reducing P. downsi abundance, but did not result in increased fledging success. Permacap-treated materials at 0.5% and 1% concentrations significantly increased fledging success. Four nesting materials offered in dispensers placed 4 m high were widely accepted by Darwin's finches. For the Spritz technique, we also tested the effects of the two Permacap concentrations on P. downsi abundance and fledging success over two consecutive breeding seasons. Using a novel, lightweight, and pole-compatible spraying device with 0.5% Permacap, fledging success improved significantly across all tested finch species, while minimizing nest abandonment risk. These methods offer immediate, effective solutions for P. downsi control, and for improving fledging success in Darwin's finches, potentially reducing extinction risks for some of the Galapagos' most threatened species, and marking a critical step in preserving the archipelago's unique avian diversity.},
}
@article {pmid41503405,
year = {2026},
author = {Brock, KC and Bernard, J},
title = {The cumulative consequences of multispecies invasions and the great shuffle of biodiversity.},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {45-56},
pmid = {41503405},
issn = {0006-3568},
abstract = {A global shuffling of biodiversity is underway, propelled by human transport across natural dispersal barriers. We review the dissolution of biogeographic isolation, showing that modern biotic mixing is global, accelerating, and characterized by a diversity of nonnative species. Strategies to curb introductions now exist, but understanding how impacts accumulate with additional invasions remains critical. To characterize the consequences of this Great Shuffle, we first synthesize evidence that multiple invaders, including those with modest effects, can collectively inflict substantial ecological harm. Second, we review paleontological studies of prehistoric biotic exchanges showing how the number of species exchanged and the spatial extent of mixing correlate with long-term consequences. Because modern invasions are occurring more frequently and over broader scales than ancient events, their consequences may be more severe. By integrating contemporary and prehistoric insights, we highlight research needs and offer a framework for understanding the cumulative and long-term impacts of multispecies invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41497224,
year = {2026},
author = {Bajgai, RC and Bajgai, Y and Johnson, SB and Wong, CYS},
title = {Participatory Ecological Assessment of Farmer Perspectives on Management of Invasive Ageratina adenophora in Eastern Bhutan.},
journal = {Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {e70110},
pmid = {41497224},
issn = {2575-6265},
abstract = {Ageratina adenophora, a native plant to Mexico, has rapidly invaded Bhutan's landscapes from subtropical foothills to subalpine zones. This has resulted in suppressed native plant biodiversity, impacts on economically important plants, altered soil properties, and crop yield losses. Although impacted farmers managing this weed possess deep, experiential knowledge, their insights remain under-quantified and under-utilized. We aimed to assess farmers' perspectives on the impacts and management of A. adenophora in eastern Bhutan. A focus group discussion with village leaders was held in Kanglung to refine nine literature-derived themes into five farmer-relevant priority areas: (1) weedy characteristics, (2) growth habit, (3) competitive effects, (4) control methods, and (5) awareness. A structured questionnaire was administered to 91 randomly selected farmers to rank five sub-themes under each priority area on a five-point scale. Responses were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis rank tests and weighted-average calculations. Farmers assigned the greatest weight to characterizing A. adenophora as a weed (weedy characteristics) (28%), followed by control methods (24%), competition (20%), growth habit (16%), and awareness (12%). Sub-theme rankings differed significantly within each priority area (χ [2] ≥ 78.95, p < 0.001). Farmers identified the species abundance, prolific seed production, and rapid seedling growth as key drivers of its aggressive spread. They perceived A. adenophora as both ecologically damaging and economically harmful, prioritizing management via uprooting, burning, and burying over slashing or herbicide application. By bridging the gap in quantified farmer-perspective data through focus group discussion, structured ranking questionnaires, and non-parametric analysis, this study uses a participatory approach for integrated invasive-weed management. It is replicable to similar agroecological landscapes, aligning scientific strategies with local knowledge to enhance sustainable control of A. adenophora to protect productivity of the farming lands.},
}
@article {pmid41496251,
year = {2026},
author = {Phillips, PM and Behm, JE},
title = {Invasive wineberry influences tick-borne disease dynamics across spatial scales.},
journal = {Ticks and tick-borne diseases},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {102598},
doi = {10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102598},
pmid = {41496251},
issn = {1877-9603},
mesh = {Animals ; Deer/parasitology ; *Peromyscus/parasitology ; *Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology/veterinary/microbiology ; *Ixodes/physiology/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Pennsylvania/epidemiology ; *Introduced Species ; Lyme Disease/epidemiology/microbiology ; Babesiosis/epidemiology/parasitology ; Borrelia burgdorferi/physiology ; Babesia microti/physiology ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum/physiology ; Anaplasmosis/epidemiology/microbiology ; Nymph/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Urbanization ; },
abstract = {In recent decades, increased incidences of tick-borne diseases, including Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), and Babesiosis (Babesia microti) have occurred in urban areas. The prevalence of the pathogens causing these diseases relies on a complex set of interactions between the tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) and its prominent hosts, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Additionally, predators of small mammal hosts, such as red fox (vulpes) may influence host-tick interactions. While urbanization alters these interactions at the landscape scale, localized factors such as invasive vegetation may have additional impacts within forest plots and at the microhabitat scale. In this study, we sought to understand the impacts of urbanization and the presence and structure of the invasive understory shrub, wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius), on tick-borne disease dynamics in southeastern Pennsylvania. We employed a hierarchical field study at three scales to understand the scale at which urbanization and wineberry presence, or the dense vegetation structure it creates, impacts hosts, ticks, and pathogens. At the microhabitat scale, we found increased small mammal activity, which likely played an indirect role in increasing B. microti and A. phagocytophilum prevalence at the same scale. However, tick abundance and general pathogen prevalence were not concentrated at the micro-habitat scale, but instead were higher in invaded plots as a whole. Our results suggest that invasive shrubs aggregate ticks and tick hosts, leading to increased pathogen prevalence, but that pathogen risk may vary across scales. These findings have important implications for invasive vegetation and tick-borne disease management.},
}
@article {pmid41495562,
year = {2026},
author = {Banerjee, S and Sati, VP},
title = {Spatiotemporal pattern and climate change impact on current and future invasion of Lantana camara in the Central Himalayas.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {2},
pages = {93},
pmid = {41495562},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Lantana/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Plant Weeds/growth &amp; development ; Biodiversity ; Altitude ; India ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Himalayas ; },
abstract = {Global climate change presents numerous changes to terrestrial ecosystems, including warming, species extinction, habitat shrinkage and shift, invasion of weed species, and biodiversity loss. Mountain regions such as the Himalayas are witnessing species alterations and habitat shifts. Invasive species, such as Lantana camara, are among the species most affected by climate change-induced warming. Multiple studies focused on the negative impact of this weed, its physiology, medicinal properties, and growth in the tropics under climate change. A gap remained in understanding how this weed interacts and grows in different ecosystems across the altitudinal gradient of mountainous landscapes under climate change. The Central Himalayas provide a platform for studying climate-induced altitudinal habitat change, with a decadal rate of warming ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 °C and high variations in elevation (213 to 7500 m). The distribution of Lantana camara in 2000, 2024, and 2050 has been estimated in response to changing climatic setups using a random forest algorithm. Findings revealed a strong correlation between habitat shifts of Lantana camara and changes in thermal zones, resulting in a 173% expansion of its habitat between 2000 and 2050. Lantana camara is climbing to middle altitudes from the lowlands, invading present-day temperate ecosystems. Without immediate intervention, it can disrupt the availability of medicinal herbs and species composition in middle and high altitudes. Thus, management of this weed using a combination of manual, mechanical, chemical, and biological methods needs to be implemented.},
}
@article {pmid41495321,
year = {2026},
author = {Sato, Y and Sato, Y and Deki, O and Tsuji, K and Tsurui-Sato, K},
title = {Estimated predator composition using environmental DNA analyses and color patterns of male guppies in introduced rivers.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {4066},
pmid = {41495321},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {17K19298//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 26249024//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 19K12419//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Poecilia/genetics/physiology ; Male ; *Predatory Behavior ; Rivers ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Japan ; *Pigmentation ; Ecosystem ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Color ; },
abstract = {Understanding the mechanisms underlying the successful invasion of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, a globally invasive species, is important in the field of invasion biology. The body color pattern of male guppies is known to influence predation risk; however, the relationship between body color pattern and local predator guilds has been addressed in only a few studies. To investigate this relationship, we analyzed 32 water samples and 305 male guppies from eight introduced populations on the main island of Okinawa, Japan. The environmental DNA metabarcoding analysis of teleosts from the waters identified six potential guppy predator families, Anguillidae, Eleotridae, Gobiidae, Cichlidae, Mugilidae, and Cyprinidae; however, there was no detection of Characiformes, which are one of the major predators of guppies in their original habitat. Using imaging analysis of color spot areas of male guppies, we found that 16 of 18 potential predator × color combinations exhibited a statistically significant association between body color and the presence of predator families. For example, a negative association between orange spots and Anguillidae, and a positive association between blue-green spots and Cichlidae. These results suggest that the guppy in Okinawa was ecologically released from a major predator in its native habitat and adapted to the new environment through color pattern changes.},
}
@article {pmid41494517,
year = {2026},
author = {Hibbett, DS and Prabhu, P and Tabima, JF},
title = {Invasion biology: The golden oyster mushroom in North America.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {R12-R14},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.11.039},
pmid = {41494517},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Pleurotus/genetics/physiology ; North America ; *Introduced Species ; *Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {The golden oyster mushroom, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, is native to Asia and is rapidly expanding across North America. Two recent studies describe the genetic diversity of naturalized populations of P. citrinopileatus and their impact on indigenous fungal communities.},
}
@article {pmid41490405,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, Y and Li, Y and Chen, Z and Yang, X and Zuo, Q and Hu, M and Li, S and Teng, X and Cheng, C and Cheng, Q},
title = {Impacts of key environmental variables on suitable cultivation and flavonoid accumulation in Pueraria montana var. lobata under climate change in China.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {e0339508},
pmid = {41490405},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Pueraria/chemistry ; *Crop Production ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry ; *Climate Change ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Introduced Species ; Plant Dispersal ; China ; },
abstract = {Pueraria montana var. lobata (P. lobata) is both a medicinal herb with significant pharmacological values and a food ingredient that can replace grains, but it still faces challenges in quality consistency and suitable cultivation. This study aims to systematically analyze its potential suitable habitats across China and evaluate the effect of environment on its growth and quality. By integrating distribution data from 926 sample points and 33 environmental variables, MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software were employed to predict the potential suitable habitats of P. lobata, and investigate distribution change at the provincial level. Chemical and correlation analysis were used to determine the total flavonoid content and explore the relationship with environmental variables. Key influencing variables were Bio12 (annual precipitation, 35.4%), Bio14 (driest month precipitation, 24%), and Bio06 (coldest month minimum temperature, 18.2%). P. lobata from Hubei and Jiangxi provinces exhibited higher flavonoid content than that in other high-suitable provinces, which showed a strong positive correlation with latitude and a significant negative correlation with January mean temperature. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitats of P. lobata showed northward expansion due to global warming. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for sustainable development and high-quality demand under changing climatic conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41489743,
year = {2026},
author = {Escobar-Alba, MR and Lara, D and Carvajal-Cogollo, JE and González-Trujillo, JD},
title = {People's Perceptions and Knowledge Gaps Might Facilitate the Spread of Invasive Plants in the Colombian High Mountains.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {2},
pages = {57},
pmid = {41489743},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {SGI 3603//Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog&#xed;a e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; SGI 3603//Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog&#xed;a e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; SGI 3603//Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog&#xed;a e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; SGI 3603//Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog&#xed;a e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Colombia ; Humans ; *Knowledge ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Plants ; Perception ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are driven by both direct and indirect factors. However, the effects of indirect drivers, such as social and cultural factors, remain underexplored in many regions worldwide, including the Neotropics. Here, we characterize the knowledge and perceptions that local communities have regarding invasive plant species, aiming to explore how sociocultural factors might influence, either positively or negatively, the biological invasions in the high-mountain ecosystems of central Colombia. We conducted a semi-structured survey, which included an open-ended question analyzed using sentiment analysis, and implemented a board game to assess both perceptions and knowledge of invasive plants already established in the Colombian high mountains. The results revealed that although half of the respondents viewed biological invasions negatively, their perceptions of 18 invasive plant species already established in the region were generally neutral or positive. This shift in perception may be linked to their knowledge level, as the results showed an accuracy rate of approximately 60% for identifying native and invasive high-mountain plant species. The average correct identification rate for invasive plants (22%) was nearly three times lower than that for native plants (70%). Notably, invasive plants with cultural or economic value are generally classified as native. Collectively, these findings suggest that neutral perceptions, alongside a lack of awareness of invasive species and the value placed on a large portion of them, may significantly contribute to the transportation, introduction, and establishment of invasive plants in the Colombian high mountain regions. Thus, incorporating the effects of sociocultural drivers into invasion management strategies may be crucial for effectively preventing their establishment and spread at both the local and regional levels.},
}
@article {pmid41489478,
year = {2026},
author = {Premachandra, T and Gvoždík, V and Anele, EU and Kučka, M and Chan, YF and Horb, ME and Chifundera, ZK and Badjedjea, G and Measey, J and Evans, BJ},
title = {Persistence of an unusual triple sex chromosome system through allopolyploidization in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, subgenus Silurana).},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {80},
number = {3},
pages = {584-599},
doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpaf246},
pmid = {41489478},
issn = {1558-5646},
support = {RGPIN-2017-05770//Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2024-05290//Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //Compute Canada/ ; //Museum of Comparative Zoology/ ; 23-07331S//Czech Science Foundation/ ; 2024-2028/6.I.c//Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic/ ; 00023272//National Museum of the Czech Republic/ ; R24OD030008/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; P40OD010997/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; 87759//NRF/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; *Polyploidy ; Male ; Female ; *Xenopus/genetics ; Sex Determination Processes ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {African clawed frogs (Xenopus) have a high rate of genome duplication, which may catalyze evolution-including of sex chromosomes. To explore this, for each of four species in the subgenus Silurana, we analyzed sex-associated genetic variation, and in the diploid species X. tropicalis, we explored population structure. We found that the sex-linked regions in all four species are homologous, and we infer that X. calcaratus has an unusual sex determination system with three sex chromosomes, which was previously known only in X. tropicalis. Our results evidence two independent allotetraploidization in Silurana, admixture across ploidy levels, and demonstrate that the most recent allotetraploidization that generated the X. calcaratus lineage occurred after population subdivision arose in X. tropicalis. Thus, this unusual triple sex chromosome system has been maintained independently in two different species for a protracted period and through an allotetraploidization event. Simulations indicate that genetic drift should eliminate one of the sex chromosomes, suggesting that there may be unidentified benefits to maintaining this complex system.},
}
@article {pmid41489383,
year = {2026},
author = {Camak, DT and Osborne, MJ and Turner, TF},
title = {Retention of ancestral polymorphism, not recent introgression, best explains elevated levels of genetic variation in Gila Trout Oncorhynchus gilae.},
journal = {The Journal of heredity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jhered/esaf110},
pmid = {41489383},
issn = {1465-7333},
abstract = {Introgressive hybridization is widespread in nature, often between native and introduced species. Closely related species also share ancestral genetic variation that mimics introgressive hybridization. In this study, we employed reduced-representation genome sequencing to test whether elevated levels of genetic variation in a protected fish species were best explained by hybridization or shared ancestry with an introduced nonnative fish. Gila Trout Oncorhynchus gilae is endemic to remote headwaters of the Gila River in the southwestern US. Its close relative, Rainbow Trout O. mykiss, was stocked into the Gila River from the late 1890s to the late 1960s. Shortly thereafter, Gila Trout was protected under the US Endangered Species Act. An isozyme study conducted in the late 1990s identified introgressed individuals in Iron Creek, a genetically distinct Gila Trout lineage. This finding was important for conservation because Iron Creek harbors unique genetic variants and is the 'wildest' Gila Trout lineage with no hatchery influence. We reassessed genetic variation in the Iron Creek lineage using nextRAD and contemporary samples and found little evidence of recent introgression with Rainbow Trout. We simulated Wright-Fisher evolution under different scenarios assuming that Iron Creek was previously hybridized to explore potential mechanisms responsible for loss of nonnative alleles. Though not fully conclusive, the preponderance of evidence indicates genetic variation shared with Rainbow Trout arises from retention of ancestral polymorphism in Iron Creek Gila Trout. Recent common ancestry of potentially hybridizing species poses an important challenge to wholesale application of structured decision frameworks to manage putatively introgressed populations.},
}
@article {pmid41487363,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Fan, H and Qin, Y and Wu, C and Zhao, Y and Justice, N and Xiao, M and Li, S and Miao, W and Liu, W},
title = {Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of three Artocarpus species in Hainan Province.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1733932},
pmid = {41487363},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The Artocarpus genus, belonging to the Moraceae family, exhibits various pharmacological and biological functions. However, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Artocarpus species remains largely unexplored, which hampers our understanding of its phylogenetic classification as well as population identification. In this study, we completely sequenced and assembled the mtDNA of three Artocarpus species, including Artocarpus heterophyllus, A. heterophyllus(R), and A. integer. Three Artocarpus species exhibited highly similar mtDNA features, with mtDNA sizes of approximately 438,620 bp, consisting of six contigs, and included 32 different protein-coding genes (PCGs). The codon usage analysis demonstrated that Leucine and Serine were the most preferred amino acids in three Artocarpus species. Furthermore, in three Artocarpus species mt genomes, 9 homologous fragments were found to transfer from the cp genome, which contain complete psaB, psaA, ndhB and rps7 genes. Phylogenetic trees further reveal that three Artocarpus species are most closely related to Ficus carica and Morus notabilis. In summary, this study fills the gap in mitochondrial genome data within the Artocarpus genus and provides a theoretical foundation for further understanding the taxonomic classification within Artocarpus species.},
}
@article {pmid41485162,
year = {2026},
author = {Barquero, JI and Higueras, P and Esbrí, JM and Jaeger, JL and García-Ordiales, E},
title = {Evaluation of the new role of the invasive species (Procambarus clarkii) as an environmental indicator in polluted watersheds.},
journal = {Environmental geochemistry and health},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {82},
pmid = {41485162},
issn = {1573-2983},
support = {2021-GRIN-31127//UCLM Research Group on Environmental Biogeochemistry/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Astacoidea/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/metabolism ; Rivers/chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry/analysis ; Spain ; *Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Hepatopancreas/chemistry/metabolism ; Mining ; },
abstract = {Procambarus clarkii represents an invasive species of crayfish common in the rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, which replaced a previous invasive species of crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) and is now being replaced by a new invasive species (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in northern rivers. Leaving aside the ecological problems that these invasive species can cause, these organisms can be excellent candidates to act as environmental indicators in pollution processes that involves the interface water-sediment. In this work, the potential role of Procambarus clarkii as a bioindicator of pollution processes of mining origin is evaluated. Unlike previous research, which often focuses on snapshot assessments of contamination levels, our approach integrates historical data and continuous monitoring to provide a dynamic perspective on the impact of Hg and other metals on biotic and abiotic media over an extended period. A total of 330 crayfish were collected from 10 sites in Valdeazogues river, grouped by size, and analyzed for Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, As, and Sb in abdominal muscle and hepatopancreas, with a complete characterization of sediment and water media. Crayfish data have shown that hepatopancreas and muscle present the highest average content of Zn (1,325 and 377 mg kg[-1], respectively) and Cu (1,297 and 179 mg kg[-1] respectively). Levels of Hg were higher in muscle (1.6 mg kg[-1]) than hepatopancreas (1.0 mg kg[-1]), with all muscle samples exceeding the EU maximum permissible level of 0.5 mg kg[-1] for food. The sensitivity of P. clarkii has been sufficient to identify different sources of Hg, Pb and Zn contamination in the drainage system, and even agricultural sources of Cd downstream of the mining district. This versatile capability can be of application to large mining areas in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, especially throughout the Iberian Pyrite Belt.},
}
@article {pmid41482748,
year = {2026},
author = {Mantoani, MC and Osborne, BA},
title = {Another Wake-Up Call for Brazil's 'Splendid Cradle': The Overlooked Impacts of Invasive Plants on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Stocks.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {e70669},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70669},
pmid = {41482748},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {350-2025/01//Universidade de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; },
mesh = {Brazil ; *Greenhouse Gases/analysis ; *Introduced Species ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Carbon/analysis ; *Climate Change ; *Plants ; },
abstract = {Brazil is globally known as a megadiverse country that holds within its six biomes a high level of biodiversity and a large number of endemic species, often with important and distinct roles for the provision of ecosystem services and global climate regulation. Whilst the natural beauty, abundant life and natural resources of the country have inspired the national anthem, encompassing the term 'splendid cradle', Brazil is being adversely affected by biological invasions, particularly by invasive plants. Historically, Brazilian research on alien plant species has focused on management interventions and population-derived aspects, such as the negative effects on native communities associated with plant invaders and removal protocols. In contrast, assessments on the contribution of invasive plants to climate modifications, through their impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil carbon stocks, have been overlooked and remain largely unstudied. According to our estimates, up to 150,424,000 Mg CO2-eq year[-1] or ca. 7% of the country's national inventory might be emitted by invasions associated with the top 10 most problematic plants, with an annual loss of nearly US$ 2 billion in carbon credits. Here, we analyse the potential impact that invasive plants have on climate change based on the most problematic invasive plants in Brazil, and recommend a list of actions, including, but not limited to: (i) accurate mapping of the extent of plant invasions; (ii) dedicated studies on soil GHG emissions in invaded areas; (iii) quantification of plant-mediated emissions and their contribution to ecosystem budgets; (iv) more detailed research on soil carbon stocks and pools and how plant invaders might affect them; and (v) assessments of the most appropriate restoration protocols that would minimise any climate-related impacts. With this information, Brazil can become closer to the 'splendid cradle' ideal and lead the development of more accurate national GHG inventory reporting.},
}
@article {pmid41482734,
year = {2026},
author = {Nowell Nicolle, L and Fournier-Level, A and Robin, C and Phillips, BL},
title = {Genetic Allee Effects for Controlling Invasive Populations.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {e70228},
pmid = {41482734},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {Premier's Science Fellowship Program to BLP//Government of Western Australia/ ; DP230101111//Australian Research Council/ ; //University of Melbourne/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Genetics, Population ; *Models, Genetic ; Animals ; Alleles ; *Genetic Load ; Mutation ; Founder Effect ; },
abstract = {Invasive pests threaten food security and devastate ecosystems. A universal problem in their management is that small populations can easily evade detection. This makes identifying new incursions challenging and complicates efforts to eradicate or contain established populations. If newly founded populations exhibited a strong Allee effect, small populations would tend towards extinction and most new incursions would go extinct without the need for detection or intervention. Of course, invasive species rarely exhibit strong Allee effects, but new genetic technologies make it conceivable to impose one. Here we consider how introduction of genetic load can cause a genetic Allee effect that reduces the establishment probability of small founder populations. Using numerical and individual-based modelling, we examine the fate of populations sampled from a larger invasive source population carrying deleterious recessive alleles. Our analysis reveals that the genetic load unmasked by founding can dramatically reduce the establishment probability of small populations across a wide range of parameter space. A sterile mutation effect is more effective than a lethal mutation effect, but X-linkage offers minimal benefit over autosomal inheritance. Although extinction of newly founded populations is a common outcome, it may be challenging to achieve in species with very high reproductive outputs. Distributing deleterious recessive alleles across a large number of loci at low frequencies was more effective than distributing them across fewer loci at higher frequencies. Our findings suggest that driving deleterious recessives into a source population may render it less prone to establish in new areas.},
}
@article {pmid41478016,
year = {2026},
author = {Perry, F and Shaw, JD and Cassey, P and Coutts, A and Lewis, PN and MacDonald, AJ and Polanowski, AM and Stark, JS and Suter, L},
title = {Passive environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is effective for monitoring vessel biofouling in the Southern Ocean.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1013},
number = {},
pages = {181230},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181230},
pmid = {41478016},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Biofouling ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; *Ships ; Animals ; Tasmania ; Oceans and Seas ; Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; Antarctic Regions ; },
abstract = {Invasive species present a significant threat to marine ecosystems, with vessel biofouling responsible for the majority of marine invasions worldwide. The Antarctic and sub-Antarctic are some of the last regions free from known established populations of non-native marine species. Diverse biofouling communities can be transported on vessels operating in the Southern Ocean, with vessel biofouling identified as the primary vector for marine invasions in the Southern Ocean. Monitoring for non-native species in this region is challenging due to the extreme conditions and a lack of baseline biodiversity information available. We investigated the potential of passive eDNA sampling as a monitoring tool for biofouling on the icebreaking vessel MPOV Aiviq. eDNA samples were collected in the Port of Hobart, Tasmania (Australia) before, during and following in-water hull cleaning, accompanied by visual diver surveys. eDNA samples were also collected at the sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. All eDNA samples were amplified with universal COI and 18S markers, as well as arthropod and mollusc specific markers, to gain a wide overview of taxa present. Comparison of the eDNA samples and visual surveys in Hobart provided proof of concept for the eDNA method, with known hull associated species reliably detected using eDNA. At Macquarie Island, eDNA detected 27 known hull associated taxa, including highly invasive species whose thermal range encompasses the sub-Antarctic, which could have significant impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem function. Biofouling management for vessels operating in the Southern Ocean, with ongoing monitoring, is essential for effective biosecurity practices and to identify invasive species before they can establish.},
}
@article {pmid41478012,
year = {2026},
author = {You, L and Zhang, P and Cheng, H and Deng, Y and Xiong, H and Zhang, J and Ye, Z and Zhang, Z and Li, C and Martinez Espinosa, VM and Zhou, C and Zheng, L and Li, T and Zhang, Y},
title = {Global lysine crotonylation profiling reveals metabolic and stress-responsive mechanisms in Reynoutria japonica.},
journal = {Journal of plant physiology},
volume = {317},
number = {},
pages = {154686},
doi = {10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154686},
pmid = {41478012},
issn = {1618-1328},
mesh = {*Lysine/metabolism ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Proteome/metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; *Stress, Physiological ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; },
abstract = {Reynoutria japonica (Huzhang), also known as Japanese knotweed, is a traditionally valued medicinal herb in Asian medicine. Historically introduced to Europe and England for ornamental purposes, it has since become widely regarded as an invasive species due to its aggressive growth and adaptability. Understanding the mechanisms underlying its robust growth and environmental adaptability is therefore of both horticultural and ecological interest. Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly discovered post-translational modification implicated in diverse biological processes, but its roles in non-histone proteins, especially within medicinal plant R. japonica, remain poorly understood. Here, we present the first comprehensive proteome-wide profiling of Kcr in R. japonica. Using high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with immunoaffinity enrichment, we identified 18,914 Kcr sites across 5842 proteins and characterized six conserved sequence motifs, constituting the largest plant crotonylome described to date. Functional enrichment revealed that Kcr-modified proteins are primarily associated with critical metabolic pathways, including carbon fixation, photosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and protein translation. Notably, abundant Kcr modifications were found on enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as resveratrol and anthraquinones. Additionally, stress-responsive changes in global Kcr modification were observed, with H2B carrying the highest number of Kcr sites and showing a marked reduction under stress. These findings provide novel insights into the functional significance of Kcr in plant metabolic regulation and stress adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid41477890,
year = {2026},
author = {Stanton, DWG and Manin, A and Evin, A and Tabbada, K and Linderholm, A and Drinkwater, R and Thalmann, O and Ng'ang'a, SI and Amano, N and Anderson, A and Barnett, R and Barrière, P and Bedford, S and Bellwood, P and Brumm, A and Tien, TC and Clark, G and Crooijmans, R and Cucchi, T and Eusebio, MS and Girdland-Flink, L and Galbusera, P and Groenen, M and Hakim, B and Hawkins, S and Heiniger, H and Helgen, KM and Herrera, MJ and Bolunia, MJLA and Dizon, EZ and Hung, HC and Greig, K and Hunt, T and Kitchener, AC and Lee, C and Macdonald, AA and Megens, HJ and Meijaard, E and Mitchell, KJ and Moran, C and Mudar, K and Nidup, K and Oxenham, M and Pem, R and Piper, PJ and Scarsbrook, L and Schachtschneider, K and Schook, L and Silva, P and Spriggs, M and Turvey, ST and Viðarsdóttir, US and Cox, MP and Denham, T and Gongora, J and Dobney, K and Larson, G and Frantz, L},
title = {Genomic and morphometric evidence for Austronesian-mediated pig translocation in the Pacific.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {391},
number = {6780},
pages = {eadv4963},
doi = {10.1126/science.adv4963},
pmid = {41477890},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Gene Flow ; Genome ; Genomics ; *Introduced Species ; Philippines ; *Sus scrofa/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Tooth/anatomy &amp; histology ; },
abstract = {Several millennia of human-mediated translocation of non-native pig species (genus Sus) to the islands of Wallacea and Oceania have considerably altered local ecosystems. To investigate the timing and trajectory of these introductions, we conducted both genomic analyses of 576 pig nuclear genomes and a geometric morphometric analysis of 708 modern and ancient dental remains. Our analyses demonstrate that free-living and domestic pigs in Wallacea and Oceania have diverse ancestries resulting from the introduction of multiple sequential pig populations followed by gene flow. Despite the variability in their genomic ancestry, these pigs all have a distinct tooth morphology as well as a genetic link to the Chinese domestic pig populations that accompanied the dispersal of Austronesian language speakers ~4000 to 3000 years ago via Taiwan and the Philippines.},
}
@article {pmid41472618,
year = {2026},
author = {Aliaga-Samanez, G and Gestich, C and Ayala-Burbano, PA and Javarotti, NB and McVay, K and Kierulff, MCM and Farro, APC and Moreira, SB and Pissinatti, A and Goldberg, A and Galetti, PM and de Freitas, PD},
title = {To be or Not to be Hybrids? A Case-Study in an Allochthonous Population Involving Illegal Introductions of the Endangered Golden-Headed and Golden Lion Tamarins.},
journal = {American journal of primatology},
volume = {88},
number = {1},
pages = {e70112},
doi = {10.1002/ajp.70112},
pmid = {41472618},
issn = {1098-2345},
support = {//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; //Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; //Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; //Programa de P&#xf3;s-Gradua&#xe7;&#xe3;o em Biodiversidade Tropical/ ; /NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Endangered Species ; Brazil ; Genetic Variation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Introduced Species ; *Leontopithecus/genetics ; Female ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {Allochthonous species can negatively impact biodiversity by introducing new pathogens, intensifying competition for resources, promoting habitat changes, and causing ecosystem disruption. Introduced species can also spread into areas designated for the conservation of native species. This colonization and, eventually, contact between historically isolated lineages can cause hybridization, resulting in decreased offspring fitness or, conversely, promoting hybrid vigor, threatening the integrity of native populations and increasing their risk of extinction. Here, we analyzed an allochthonous population from a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where both endangered Golden-headed lion tamarins and Golden lion tamarins were illegally introduced into the natural range of the Golden lion tamarin in the 1990s. We performed Genotyping by Sequencing and complementary mitochondrial analysis to investigate hybridization and to assess the genetic diversity and structure of the invasive population. Our results were able to rule out the existence of hybrids among the samples analyzed, providing relevant information about the genetic diversity of the alien population and effectively contributing to conservation programs and management actions for both species. Conservation actions and effective surveillance policies to prevent new illegal introductions should be mandatory to ensure the protection of these threatened charismatic species which are targets of illegal trade and trafficking.},
}
@article {pmid41471152,
year = {2025},
author = {Czyżewska-Dors, E and Nowak, A and Zębek, S and Dors, A},
title = {Molecular Survey of Selected Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens in Polish Wild Boars.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41471152},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {506.513.05.00//Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland, financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education/ ; //Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education as part of the Strategy of the Poznan University of Life Sciences for 2024-2026 in the field of improving scientific research and development work in priority research areas/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Poland/epidemiology ; *Sus scrofa/microbiology ; Swine ; *Swine Diseases/microbiology/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology/veterinary/epidemiology ; Lung/microbiology ; Coinfection/microbiology/veterinary/epidemiology ; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Haemophilus parasuis/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a widespread invasive species in Poland and may act as a reservoir for various pathogens, including those associated with the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). As data on bacterial respiratory pathogens in wild boar populations, particularly co-infections, in Poland and other European countries remain limited, the main goal of our study was to examine the frequency of selected bacterial respiratory agents and their co-occurrence in lung samples collected from culled wild boars during hunting. Two hundred and fifty-three lung samples were analysed for the presence of genetic material of A. pleuropneumoniae, M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, and G. parasuis. In total, 159 out of the 253 (62.8%; 95% CI: 56.6-68.8) wild boars were infected with at least one pathogen. In general, 73 (28.9%; 95% CI: 23.3-34.9) of wild boar lung samples tested positive for G. parasuis, 106 (41.9%; 95% CI: 35.7-48.2) were positive for M. hyopneumoniae, and 10 (4%; 95% CI: 1.9-7.1) were positive for M. hyorhinis. No evidence of A. pleuropneumoniae infection was detected in any of the examined lung samples. Infection with a single pathogen was detected in 129 (51%; 95% CI: 44.6-57.3) of sampled wild boars, whereas co-occurrence of two infectious bacterial agents was revealed in 30 animals (11.9%; 95% CI: 8.1-16.5). Among single-pathogen infections, the highest positivity rate was observed for M. hyopneumoniae (31.6%; 95% CI: 25.9-37.7), whereas the most frequent co-infection involved M. hyopneumoniae and G. parasuis (9.1%; 95% CI: 5.8-13.3). This investigation indicated that wild boar in the study area are potential hosts for bacterial agents associated with PRDC. It is worth highlighting that wild boars can contribute to the maintenance and/or dissemination of bacterial pathogens to humans (especially hunters) and domestic animals, and it is essential to maintain active surveillance of these infectious agents.},
}
@article {pmid41470752,
year = {2025},
author = {Uribe, SV and Valladares-Moreno, &#xc1; and Escobar, MAH and Villaseñor, NR},
title = {Socioeconomic Disparities in the Diversity, Abundance, Structure and Composition of Woody Plants in Residential Streetscapes: Insights for Transitioning to a More Environmentally Just City.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41470752},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {11201045//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; },
abstract = {Vegetation in residential areas plays a crucial role in biodiverse and sustainable cities as it enhances biological diversity, environmental quality, and the human well-being of city residents. However, the distribution of vegetation among these areas is often unequal, leading to disparities in access to its benefits. To promote a more biodiverse and environmentally just city, we investigated how woody plants (trees, shrubs and vines) vary with socioeconomic level in residential streetscapes of Santiago de Chile. Across the city, we sampled woody plants in 120 plots (11 m radius) located in residential streetscapes of three socioeconomic levels: low, medium, and high. A total of 557 woody plants were identified and measured. Of these, only 9.7% corresponded to native species, whereas 90.3% were introduced species. Wealthier residential areas had higher species richness and abundance of woody plants, as well as plants with greater structural size (revealed by height and crown area). In addition, we found that the composition of woody plants differed among socioeconomic levels: Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus x hispanica, and Pittosporum tobira were more abundant in high socioeconomic areas; Prunus cerasifera, Citrus limon, and Ailanthus altissima were more abundant in medium socioeconomic areas; Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer negundo, and Schinus areira were more abundant in low socioeconomic areas. Our research highlights that woody plant diversity, abundance, structure, and composition vary with socioeconomic level in residential streetscapes. Key insights for reducing these inequalities and achieve a more environmentally just city include: (a) governance and equity-based investment; (b) prioritizing local native species; (c) promoting the use of non-tree woody plants; and (d) empowering communities through capacity building and stewardship.},
}
@article {pmid41470689,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, EH and Kim, KR and Hwang, Y and Jeong, JH and Goh, J and Yu, JN and Lee, MH},
title = {Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Rumex crispus in South Korea Based on Genome-Derived Microsatellite Markers.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41470689},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2021003420003//Korea Environment Industry &amp; Technology Institute/ ; },
abstract = {Rumex crispus L. is a globally distributed invasive species that has naturalized in South Korea, where its use as a medicinal, edible, and ecological restoration resource continues to expand. However, its genetic background remains insufficiently understood, underscoring the need for species-specific molecular markers to enable accurate assessments of intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure. Using 19 newly developed microsatellite markers, we analyzed 120 plants from 6 populations in the riparian zone. A total of 166 alleles were detected, with a mean polymorphism information content of 0.637. Across the six populations, genetic diversity analysis showed mean observed (Ho = 0.304) and expected (He = 0.588) heterozygosity values indicative of heterozygote deficiency (inbreeding coefficient FIS = 0.456-0.559). Genetic differentiation was low in AMOVA (10%) and FST (0.048-0.120) but higher in Jost's D (0.096-0.342). STRUCTURE analysis identified two major genetic clusters (ΔK = 2), and spatial Bayesian clustering revealed six distinct genetic units (K = 6), suggesting that partial barriers to gene flow may have influenced population structure. These findings provide essential genetic insights that can support the effective control of R. crispus spread and its potential use as a valuable plant resource.},
}
@article {pmid41465848,
year = {2025},
author = {Xia, X},
title = {The Branching Process: A General Conceptual Framework for Addressing Current Ecological and Evolutionary Questions.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41465848},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {RGPIN-2024-05641//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
abstract = {Classical branching-process theory, developed by Galton and Watson in the nineteenth century and later refined by Fisher and Haldane, provides the formal framework for quantifying the fate of new mutants, new viral and bacterial pathogens, new colonization of invasive species, etc. It is a powerful tool to quantify and predict the effect of differential reproductive success on the speciation potential of evolutionary lineages. Here, I revisit the conceptual framework of the branching process, detail its mathematical development over time, tie up a few historical loose strings, illustrate the calculation of the exact extinction probability for the Poisson-distributed reproductive success with the Lambert function (which is often missing in the ecological and evolutionary literature), and highlight the potential applications of the branching process in modern ecology and evolutionary biology, especially in deriving the extinction probability and extinction time. I also highlight a few misconceptions about human demography in the US that can be readily dismissed by applying probability tools such as branching processes.},
}
@article {pmid41465696,
year = {2025},
author = {Jin, JX and Wang, Y and Zhang, GF and Ye, ZC and Liu, B and Yao, DD and Jiang, ZC and He, YF},
title = {Diversity and Functional Analysis of Gut Microbiota in the Adult of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Metagenome Sequencing.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41465696},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The gut microbiota of insects plays a fundamental role in modulating host physiology, including nutrition, development, and adaptability to environmental challenges. The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major invasive pest of rice worldwide, yet the composition and functional profile of its gut microbial community remain poorly characterized. Here, we employed metagenome sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform to explore the gut microbial diversity and predicted functions in adults of L. oryzophilus. Our results revealed a rich microbial community, comprising 26 phyla, 42 classes, 72 orders, 111 families, and 191 genera. The bacterial microbiota was overwhelmingly dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria (85.13% of total abundance). At the genus level, Pantoea (48.86%) was the most predominant taxon, followed by Wolbachia (14.57%) and Rickettsia (11.81%). KEGG analysis suggested that the gut microbiota is primarily associated with metabolic pathways such as membrane transport, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, energy metabolism, and signal transduction. eggNOG annotation further highlighted significant gene representation in amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism, while CAZy annotation revealed glycosyl transferases (GTs) and glycoside hydrolases (GHs) as the dominant carbohydrate-active enzymes. This study provides the first comprehensive insight into the gut microbiome of L. oryzophilus adults, highlighting its potential role in the ecological success of this invasive pest. Our findings lay groundwork for future research aimed at developing novel microbial-based strategies for the sustainable management of L. oryzophilus.},
}
@article {pmid41465669,
year = {2025},
author = {Lv, L and Du, J and Wei, G and Tian, Y and Li, S},
title = {Biological Characteristics and Rearing Techniques for Vespid Wasps with Emphasis on Vespa mandarinia.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41465669},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {202307//Qiandongnan Science and Technology Plan Project/ ; },
abstract = {Vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) represent ecologically and economically significant insect resources, possessing extremely high nutritional and medicinal value. In response to escalating market demand and declining wild populations, artificial indoor rearing of vespid wasps has emerged as a sustainable strategy. This approach not only helps conserve and utilize this valuable resource, supporting traditional medicine and local cuisine, but also contributes to invasive species control in affected regions. The large-scale rearing of wasps must integrate their biological characteristics with advanced rearing technologies to achieve rational rearing practices, while continuously optimizing management models. This article systematically reviews the biological characteristics of wasps, traditional rearing methods, and the current status of wasp rearing. It focuses on the methods and key technologies for the outdoor rearing of Vespa mandarinia and year-round indoor rearing. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of artificial indoor rearing, identifies critical technical challenges, and provides a summary and outlook on the future development trends, aiming to provide theoretical support for the large-scale and industrialized development of indoor wasp rearing.},
}
@article {pmid41465656,
year = {2025},
author = {Izdebska, JN and Rolbiecki, L and Faleńczyk-Koziróg, K and Gwiazdowicz, DJ},
title = {A New Demodecidae Mite (Acariformes: Prostigmata) Parasitizing the Raccoon Procyon lotor (Carnivora: Procyonidae), an Invasive Species in Europe.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41465656},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The raccoon, Procyon lotor, is an alien species in Europe, where it is considered invasive and poses significant environmental and sanitary risks: it can increase the host reservoir by both introducing new parasites to the region and acquiring native ones. One permanent component of the mammalian parasitofauna is the Demodecidae, highly specific skin mites that often accompany their hosts in various regions of their range. To date, unidentified Demodex species have been found in raccoons within their native range. It has now become important to determine whether raccoons from invasive populations retain their specific parasites during range expansion and potentially spread them or whether they become colonized by other demodecid mites acquired from European mammals. The present analyses of three raccoons identified Demodex procyonis sp. nov. in the skin. This species is distinct from demodecid mites known from other mammals (including European species) but shows similarities in structure and location to mites found on raccoons in the United States. It is therefore likely to be a raccoon-specific species of Demodecidae and the first representative of this mite family described from the family Procyonidae.},
}
@article {pmid41464883,
year = {2025},
author = {Fu, Y and Li, A and Gao, P and Li, Y and Liu, L and Du, X and Dong, X and He, C},
title = {Effects of Spartina alterniflora Extract on Growth Performance and Flavor Quality in Mud Crab (Scylla paramamosain).},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41464883},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {2022Z059//the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo/ ; 2023ZDJH30//the Dongying Science and Technology Innovation Major Project/ ; },
abstract = {The steady rise in living standards has created a growing market demand for aquatic products with superior flavor profiles and enhanced nutritional value. To address this need, the present study investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with Spartina alterniflora (SA) extract on growth performance and muscle quality parameters in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain). In a 63-day feeding trial, 150 juvenile crabs received experimental diets containing 0% (control), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, or 0.2% SA extract. The results showed that optimal growth enhancement was achieved with 0.15% supplementation. Flavor analysis revealed dose-dependent improvements in umami characteristics. Supplementation at ≥0.1% significantly increased the concentrations of key umami compounds; their taste activity values; and equivalent umami concentrations. Fatty acid analysis showed that extract supplementation modulated lipid composition, increasing eicosapentaenoic acid while decreasing docosahexaenoic acid content, with the n-3/n-6 ratio remaining stable across all treatments, except in the 0.2% group. Volatile compound analysis demonstrated that ≥0.1% supplementation enhanced aldehyde production, improving flavor profiles. Interestingly, while 0.1-0.15% supplementation produced predictable flavor modifications, the 0.2% group showed atypical responses in flavor profiles. Supplementation with 0.15% SA extract optimally enhanced both growth performance and muscle quality while maintaining nutritional value, supporting the potential utility of this invasive species as a sustainable aquafeed additive. This study provides novel foundations for the regulation of flavor quality in aquatic food animals.},
}
@article {pmid41463850,
year = {2025},
author = {Falco, S and Rodilla, M and Crespo-Picazo, JL and García-Párraga, D and Gairin, I and Prado, P},
title = {Predation by Native Mediterranean Species on the Invasive Blue Crab: Experimental Evidence from the Common Octopus and the Loggerhead Sea Turtle.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41463850},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {PID 2020-118476RR-C21//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; },
abstract = {The rapid spread of the invasive blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in Mediterranean coastal ecosystems poses ecological and socio-economic challenges, highlighting the need to explore natural control mechanisms. We conducted controlled aquarium experiments to assess the functional size preference and feeding rates of two native Mediterranean predators: the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) and the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Two sets of trials were performed: (1) size preference experiments, in which individual predators were simultaneously offered crabs of varying sizes; and (2) ad libitum feeding experiments to estimate daily consumption rates. Octopuses consumed only the soft tissues biomass (STB, ~54% of total crab biomass), reaching maximum intake rates of 454 ± 71 gWW·d[-1] in adult individuals. Sea turtles ingested whole crabs, including the exoskeleton, with total consumption rates up to 815 ± 592 gWW·d[-1] of total biomass (TB) in adults. Subadult octopuses exhibited shorter handling times for small crabs, although neither predator showed a statistically significant size preference. Our findings indicate that both predators can consume substantial amounts of blue crab biomass, but O. vulgaris-due to its higher feeding efficiency and ecological abundance-might play a more prominent role as a natural biocontrol agent. These results provide valuable insights for integrated management strategies aimed at mitigating the ecological impact of C. sapidus in the Mediterranean.},
}
@article {pmid41463839,
year = {2025},
author = {Brundu, G and Graham, P and Corrias, M and Frongia, C and Carboni, S},
title = {The Invasive Alien Species Callinectes sapidus Threatens the Restoration of Ostrea edulis and Paracentrotus lividus in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41463839},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {CN_00000033//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; },
abstract = {The European flat oyster Ostrea edulis and the stony sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus play key ecological roles in Mediterranean coastal ecosystems, supporting biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The decline of their natural populations has prompted several restoration initiatives; however, the rapid spread of the invasive blue crab Callinectes sapidus raises concern about its potential impact on native species and the success of these efforts. This study investigated predation by male and female C. sapidus on different size classes of O. edulis and P. lividus under controlled laboratory conditions. Crabs were offered single or mixed prey species, and consumption was monitored over 24 h. Small (~33 mm shell length) oysters were heavily preyed upon (>62%), whereas medium (~60 mm) and large (~82 mm) individuals were not consumed, although attempted predation on medium individuals was observed. In contrast, P. lividus was only occasionally consumed (<32%) at the smallest size (~13.5 mm diameter). Predation differed slightly between sexes at shorter exposure times but converged after 24 h. These results indicate that C. sapidus poses a serious threat to O. edulis restoration, particularly for small individuals, while its impact on P. lividus appears limited. Incorporating predator assessment and mitigation strategies into restoration planning should become standard practice to strengthen the resilience and effectiveness of Mediterranean restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid41463809,
year = {2025},
author = {Bócsi, B and Biró, Z and Katona, K},
title = {The Reproductive and Anatomical Characteristics of the Invasive Nutria (Myocastor coypus M.) in a Central European Population.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41463809},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006//National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary/ ; },
abstract = {The nutria or coypu (Myocastor coypus M.) is endemic to South America. However, this species invaded Central Europe in the 19th century. The rapid spread of the invasive nutria across Central Europe triggered countless ecological conflicts with the local species. In the current research, we surveyed two populations in Slovakia and compared the reproductive performance of this species to its reproductive performance in other countries, where it is native. A total of 69 nutria were harvested from the wild in 2022-2024. The result of the postmortem analysis reveals no intersexual differences in the body weight and length. A visual inspection of the uterus among 25 female specimens confirmed that 16 (64%) were pregnant, including 3 individuals with the body size characteristics of young nutrias. The pregnancy rate was estimated at 90% (9 out of 10) in spring and 47% (7 out of 15) in autumn. The average number of embryos per individual was 6.94 ± 2.22 for all females, and it was 6.27 ± 2.05 in spring and 8.8 ± 1.64 in autumn, with no significant difference between seasons (p > 0.05). No clear relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the fertility of females, i.e., the number of embryos, was observed. Our results highlight the crucial need to raise public awareness about the invasive characteristics of the species and contribute to the establishment of an effective intervention techniques, including the establishment of the necessary legal framework for eradicating emerging populations across Central European habitats.},
}
@article {pmid41463526,
year = {2025},
author = {Pino-Vera, R and Abreu-Acosta, N and Afonso, O and Foronda, P},
title = {Potentially Zoonotic Bacteria in Exotic Freshwater Turtles from the Canary Islands (Spain).},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41463526},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {Estudio de pat&#xf3;genos en aves migratorias y en especies ex&#xf3;ticas en un escenario de cambio clim&#xe1;tico//Consejer&#xed;a de Transici&#xf3;n Ecol&#xf3;gica, Lucha contra el Cambio Clim&#xe1;tico y Planificaci&#xf3;n Territorial (Gobierno de Canarias)/ ; predoctoral scholarship//Department of Economy, Knowledge, and Employment of the Canary Government/ ; predoctoral scholarship//European Social Fund (ESF) with a co-financing rate of 85% within the framework of the Canary Islands ESF Operational Program 2014-2020, priority axis 3, investment priority 10.2, specific object 10.2.1/ ; },
abstract = {The pond slider (Trachemys scripta) is native to the southeastern United States but has been introduced all around the world, including to the Canary Islands (Spain), along with other less-common exotic freshwater turtles such as Graptemys pseudogeographica, Mauremys spp., and Pseudemys peninsularis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in these animals and to evaluate the associated health risks for humans and local fauna. For this purpose, cloacal samples from 42 specimens collected on the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) were analyzed for potentially zoonotic bacteria using selective culture media and PCR. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria were the most isolated pathogen (57.9%), followed by Yersinia enterocolitica (42.1%) and Escherichia coli carrying stx and/or eae genes (33.3%). Salmonella spp. was detected in 31.0% of the chelonians, identifying Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium serotypes. Staphylococcus spp. showed a prevalence of 21%, mainly Staphylococcus aureus along with one antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus hominis isolate. Pseudomonas spp. were found in 10.1% of samples, although only one isolate corresponded to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Campylobacter spp. and Vibrio spp. were detected at low frequencies (<10%), and Listeria monocytogenes was not identified. Overall, the results indicate that aquatic turtle populations in the Canary Islands pose notable health risks, especially for animal handlers and people with compromised immune systems.},
}
@article {pmid41463454,
year = {2025},
author = {Mauro, M and Longo, F and Vizzini, A and Lo Valvo, M and Radovic, S and Orecchio, G and De Luca, R and Luparello, C and Mauro, AM and Cuttitta, A and Vazzana, M},
title = {Environmental DNA as a Tool for the Preliminary Assessment of Vertebrate Biodiversity: A Case Study from Sicilian Freshwater Ecosystems.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41463454},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2014-2020-DM 1062/202.//European Union-FESR o FSE, PON Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-2020-DM 1062/202./ ; },
abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems are rapidly losing biodiversity due to anthropogenic and environmental pressures. Considering that many species remain unknown, these systems represent an invaluable reservoir of biodiversity. For this reason, a prompt biodiversity census becomes essential. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has the potential to provide a faster and non-invasive alternative to traditional methods for biodiversity monitoring, conservation, and management. This study used eDNA to provide a preliminary snapshot of vertebrates in two Sicilian lakes: Lake Rosamarina and Lake Garcia. eDNA analyses identified four classes of vertebrates, 14 orders, and 16 families, with notable taxonomic differences between the two lakes. The analysis revealed the presence of several non-native and potentially invasive species, including fish (Cyprinus carpio, Micropterus salmoides, Perca fluviatilis, Carassius auratus, and Ameiurus melas), as well as the amphibian Xenopus laevis and the terrestrial mammal Myocastor coypus. The presence of these species, known for their ecological impact on native communities, highlights the potential of eDNA analysis as a powerful tool for the early detection and preventive biomonitoring of biological invasions. These results provide an initial assessment of vertebrate biodiversity in these sites, demonstrating how eDNA can serve as an effective method for biodiversity evaluation and monitoring.},
}
@article {pmid41463434,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, Y and Song, T and Zhang, Y and Zi, F and Huang, Y and Fang, L and Liu, Y and Zhou, H and Chang, J},
title = {Analysis of Multitrophic Biodiversity Patterns in the Irtysh River Basin Based on eDNA Metabarcoding.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41463434},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2024YFF1307200//the State Key Development Programs of Basic Research of China/ ; 2021xjkk0600//the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program/ ; cstc2022jxjl20003//Performance Incentive Specialized Project for Scientific Research Institutions of Chongqing/ ; },
abstract = {In freshwater ecosystems, cross-trophic interactions among biological communities underpin ecosystem stability and functionality. In arid and semi-arid rivers, however, hydrological fluctuations, invasive species, and other perturbations exacerbate the complexity of biological processes. To systematically assess the community structure of fish, eukaryotic plankton, and prokaryotic microorganism in the Irtysh River basin, this study employed environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for monitoring. High-throughput sequencing of taxa within the study area was conducted via eDNA metabarcoding, coupled with random forest and linear mixed models to dissect the effects of community structure. The eDNA approach effectively unraveled spatial patterns of biodiversity and identified taxon-specific diversity hotspots: invasive fish exerted a facilitative effect on algae and suppressed the richness of protozoa, fungi, and heterotrophic microorganisms, yet had minimal impact on the dominant structure of autotrophic microorganisms. These findings provide a scientific basis for basin-scale ecological management, emphasizing the necessity of balancing habitat preservation and invasive-species control to safeguard ecosystem functionality.},
}
@article {pmid41462269,
year = {2025},
author = {Dong, S and Qin, T and Chen, H and Wang, H},
title = {Mutual perception among conspecific seeds enhances germination synchrony.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {364},
pmid = {41462269},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {2023A02006//the Major Science and Technology Public Relations Project Fund of the Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; },
mesh = {*Germination/physiology ; *Seeds/physiology/growth &amp; development/chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cooperation among conspecific seeds, which influences germination timing and quantity, can enhance the interspecific competitive ability and environmental adaptability of invasive plants. However, the specific underlying mechanisms require further investigation. This study investigates whether a chemical mechanism of mutual perception exists among seeds of the invasive plant Ambrosia trifida L. and its potential impact on seed germination.<br><br>RESULTS: We found that increased seed density and higher concentrations of seed extracts significantly promoted germination rates and reduced germination time in Ambrosia trifida L. seeds. Aggregated seeds germinated earlier and more synchronously than isolated seeds, indicating the presence of seed-to-seed communication mediated by chemical signals. Widely targeted metabolomic analysis identified 527 chemical compounds in the seed extracts, with 150 involved in key metabolic pathways. Notably, secondary metabolites in the shikimates and phenylpropanoids class were enriched, particularly angelicin. Quantitative analysis confirmed that angelicin significantly enhanced germination synchronicity when applied at various concentrations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our research findings indicate that Ambrosia trifida seeds communicate through secondary metabolites, with angelicin playing a key role in promoting synchronized germination. This chemical communication among conspecific seeds facilitates the rapid and uniform establishment of populations. Understanding this mechanism provides new insights into plant ecology and offers potential strategies for managing invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41461801,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiong, W and Bowler, PA and Xu, K and Wang, J and Wang, YY and Xu, M and Mu, XD and Wang, BQ},
title = {Ecological impacts and management challenges of non-native molluscs in China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {44940},
pmid = {41461801},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2019QZKK0402//Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program/ ; 2023B03J1306//Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China/ ; 2022KJ134//Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Team/ ; FGRC18537//National Freshwater Genetic Resource Center/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Mollusca/physiology/classification ; China ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Rapid development in China over the past decades has been accompanied by an ongoing influx of non-native species. Many non-native mollusc species have been introduced both intentionally and unintentionally, leading to the establishment of feral populations through escapees. However, there is limited information regarding the status, threats to native biodiversity, and the contributions of these non-native molluscs to commercial breeding, the aquarium trade, and other sectors. In this study, we reviewed the impacts of introduced non-native molluscs to address these gaps. Additionally, we identified areas for future research and management recommendations. Our findings show that a total of 61 non-native mollusc species, spanning 15 orders, 23 families, and 41 genera, have been introduced into China. The primary pathway of introduction is through commercial breeding (34 species), followed by unintentional imports (20 species) and the aquarium trade (seven species). While many of these non-native molluscs are valuable as commercial breeding products and provide high nutritional value, some have caused significant negative impacts on environmental health, economic development, human health, and various aspects of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Increased research on the monitoring, control, and management of non-native molluscs in China is urgently needed.},
}
@article {pmid41461799,
year = {2025},
author = {Bączek, P and Halarewicz, A and Pruchniewicz, D and Podlaska, M},
title = {Flora and vegetation of fallow lands invaded by the black Cherry Padus serotina (Ehrh.) Borkh. in Lower Silesia (SW Poland).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {44841},
pmid = {41461799},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Poland ; *Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; *Prunus/growth &amp; development/physiology ; },
abstract = {Secondary succession of abandoned agricultural land is a long-term process, shaped by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. One stage in this process is the encroachment of pioneer tree species, among which the black cherry Padus serotina is increasingly common. This invasive species is widespread in temperate forests in Europe and is beginning to colonize open habitats, including fallow lands. In this study, we evaluated the effects of P. serotina on floristic composition, vegetation, and species diversity. Ten fallows in Lower Silesia (SW Poland) were selected. Within each field, five study plots invaded by P. serotina and five without this species were established. Botanical composition and area covered by individual plant species were determined in total of 100 plots. Our results indicate that the P. serotina seedlings and saplings have the strongest impact on species composition. The increase in P. serotina cover in the herb layer is accompanied by a reduction in the spread of expansive species such as Calamagrostis epigejos and Solidago gigantea. The low thickets formed by P. serotina provide perching sites for birds and facilitate seed dispersal, which promotes the development of multispecies shrub communities and enhances species diversity in study fallows at the current stage of succession.},
}
@article {pmid41461787,
year = {2025},
author = {Gutierrez, AP and Ponti, L and Neuenschwander, P and Yaninek, JS and Herren, HR},
title = {Predicting natural enemy efficacy in biological control using ex-ante analyses.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {44886},
pmid = {41461787},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Animals ; Manihot/parasitology ; *Hemiptera ; Introduced Species ; Africa ; *Tetranychidae ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Massive losses in agricultural and natural systems accrue globally due to invasive species, and yet the success rate of natural enemy introductions to control them is low. The high failure rate is due to the unknown efficacy of the introduced natural enemies. Furthermore, reviews of prior biological control efforts have not led to the development of assessment methods to predict their pre-release efficacy. To demonstrate a potential solution, we deconstructed the biological control of the invasive cassava mealybug (CM) and cassava green mite (CGM) in Africa using weather-driven metapopulation tri-trophic physiologically based demographic models (PBDMs). Bioeconomic analysis of the simulation results enabled parsing the contributions of the introduced natural enemies and endemic fungal pathogens to the control of CM and CGM and to the recovery of cassava yield across the vast ecological zones of Africa. The analysis shows that ex-ante pre-release analyses of natural enemy efficacy would have correctly predicted the biological control of the two pests. PBDM analyses of other biological control programs explained their success and/or failure. The results suggest well-parameterized mechanistic models can predict pre-release the efficacy of natural enemies and become an important instrument in increasing global food security.},
}
@article {pmid41460982,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, M and Zhang, Q and Sui, C and Zhao, W and Fan, C and Zhang, Y and Sun, Z and Zhao, Y and Liu, Y},
title = {Environmental Release of Zoonotic Pathogens by Pomacea canaliculata Drives Competitive Dominance by Infecting Native Snails.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {60},
number = {1},
pages = {324-337},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5c14251},
pmid = {41460982},
issn = {1520-5851},
mesh = {Animals ; *Snails/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Zoonoses ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Pomacea canaliculata is an invasive species distributed globally, yet the mechanisms behind its rapid ecosystem dominance and lethal effects on native species remain unclear. This study analyzed the dissemination pattern of pathogens from the gut of P. canaliculata to the aquatic environment. Combined with field surveys and mesocosm experiments, the impact of pathogens released by P. canaliculata on the native snail Cipangopaludina chinensis was evaluated. The direct lethal effects of the core bacterium on native snails were further demonstrated through in vivo and in vitro infection. Results show that 168 species of zoonotic pathogens existed in the gut of P. canaliculata, carrying 82 virulence factors and half of the high-risk antibiotic-resistant genes known to cause diseases. These pathogens released by P. canaliculata in the aquatic environment ultimately caused gut microbiota dysbiosis, mortality, and population decline in native snails, while it can be alleviated in the pathogen-limited P. canaliculata model. Aeromonas strains, the primary pathogen isolated from P. canaliculata, induced intestinal necrosis and death in native snails. Therefore, the release of pathogens is considered a previously overlooked invasion strategy of P. canaliculata, which poses a substantial public health threat within the One Health framework.},
}
@article {pmid41459204,
year = {2025},
author = {Ríos-Henríquez, C and Weithoff, G},
title = {Akinete formation under nitrogen limitation in an invasive cyanobacterium.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1677844},
pmid = {41459204},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Invasive species are a global problem threatening the function of ecosystems. Besides prominent species, microbial invaders are considered as "invisible" and have spread over almost all continents. For such invisible, invasive cyanobacteria, akinete formation plays a key role in species dispersal, establishment and persistence in new ecosystems. Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Nostocales) is a successful invader of temperate ecosystems originating from the tropics that forms akinetes in their new habitats to overcome unfavorable winter conditions. In this study, we investigated akinete formation in R. raciborskii as a response to nitrogen limitation by exposing four genetically distinct strains to nitrogen-free medium. Cultures were maintained for 30 days at two temperature regimes, 20 °C (representing typical culture conditions) and 28 °C (mimicking hot summer conditions). All four strains started akinete formation within 3 days. However, we observed significant intraspecific variation in response to temperature, including differences in akinete abundance, maturation and size. Notably, vegetative cells continued to grow while akinetes were being formed, indicating the ability of R. raciborskii to simultaneously maintain growth and investment into dormancy. The pronounced strain-specific variation may provide adaptive advantages, enhancing the capacity of R. raciborskii to colonize diverse environments. Our results extend the concept of high intraspecific variability from the planktonic to the benthic phase. Understanding strain-specific dormancy strategies is crucial for predicting the ecological success and persistence of cyanobacteria under changing environmental conditions. These findings have important implications for bloom frequency, invasion dynamics, and the long-term establishment of these often-overlooked microbial invaders.},
}
@article {pmid41459195,
year = {2025},
author = {Dlamini, P and Downs, CT and Burnett, M and O'Brien, G},
title = {Assessment of the ecological integrity and fish community structures of the uMngeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.},
journal = {African journal of aquatic science},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {245-265},
pmid = {41459195},
issn = {1608-5914},
support = {227749/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {The uMngeni River is economically important as it provides water to two of the largest cities in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. As such, protecting the river and the life within it is also of great importance. In this study, we used fish community structure as an indicator of ecosystem health by assessing how fish communities responded to changes in habitat composition and water quality as a consequence of anthropogenic activities, using the Fish Response Assessment Index (FRAI). We used multivariate statistical analyses to determine differences in fish communities and drivers of change in these communities. We found that the ecological integrity of the uMngeni River (and its tributaries) tended to degrade from upper to lower reaches in response to various anthropogenic activities. Examples of degradation included flow modification and migration barriers from instream structures, the introduction of invasive fish species, and water quality alterations from rural and urban settlements. Multivariate analyses showed that variation among the sites selected in this study was significantly driven by changes in velocity-depth classes, substrate type, and water quality, all of which can be influenced by flow modifications. The FRAI ecological scores and multivariate analyses presented in the study provide a baseline for managing the uMngeni River's fish communities, highlighting that flow regime, river fragmentation, and alien invasive species negatively impact these.},
}
@article {pmid41459101,
year = {2025},
author = {Coughlan, A and Canning, AD and Death, RG},
title = {Development of a Trait-Based Risk Assessment to Minimise the Impacts of Trout on New Zealand Native Fishes.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {e72480},
pmid = {41459101},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The management of introduced species to protect native fauna in the face of their rapid decline often presents a costly, technically complex, and sometimes socially controversial challenge. Prioritising when and where conservation efforts are best applied for the greatest efficacy is difficult. Using a systematic risk assessment framework effectively prioritises options among the range of management alternatives. Tensions exist between managing trout in New Zealand as a highly valued sport fishery and conserving native freshwater fish populations. We developed a trait-based risk assessment matrix to identify the native fish most vulnerable to trout pressures and prioritise river reaches where those species are abundant for conservation focus. The trait-based assessment indicated that all species identified as highly vulnerable to trout pressures were either non-migratory galaxiids or mudfish. Trout overlapped in occurrence with approximately 10% of the entire extent of species deemed high risk to trout pressures, equating to 1626 km of river length, largely in central Otago and Hawkes Bay. While 1626 km of river is small compared to the entire riverine network (0.4%), it is still a substantial area for resource conservation interventions. Improving habitat quality to bolster native fish resilience to trout pressures, removing or reducing trout abundance are, however, potentially effective options. The approach adopted here will allow conservation managers to direct these actions to areas where they result in the greatest likelihood of positive outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid41457394,
year = {2026},
author = {Song, Y and Chen, J and Guo, W and Qin, H and Ding, J and Li, X},
title = {Dual-Strategy Resource Allocation in an Invasive Clonal Plant to Counter Foliar Herbivory for Rapid Recovery.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {178},
number = {1},
pages = {e70698},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.70698},
pmid = {41457394},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {2024GXNSFAA010457//Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province/ ; AD25069066//Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project/ ; 32360391//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; YCSW2023017//Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education/ ; YCSW2025113//Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory/physiology ; Animals ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Amaranthaceae/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Biomass ; Plant Roots/physiology ; Plant Shoots/physiology ; },
abstract = {Clonal integration (i.e., sharing resources via interconnected ramets) is recognized as a key mechanism enabling clonal plants to mitigate herbivory. However, how the magnitude and direction of this response vary between invasive and native clonal plants under spatially heterogeneous herbivory remains unresolved. In this study, we subjected the invasive alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and its native congener, sessile joyweed A. sessilis, to varying feeding position treatments by the flea beetle Agasicles hygrophila (damage to apical ramets, basal ramets, or both ramets) and herbivore-free controls. We then examined the growth, biomass allocation, nitrogen (N) and [15]N partitioning in both plant species. Compared with the herbivore-free controls, apical or basal herbivory reduced the fine-root: tap-root ratio of A. philoxeroides while increasing its root-to-shoot ratio and N concentrations in aboveground tissues. In contrast, A. sessilis exhibited significantly more fine roots and higher belowground N content compared to non-herbivore conditions. Although over 80% of [15]N was directed to aboveground tissues in both species, A. philoxeroides preferentially allocated more [15]N to herbivore-damaged tissues, whereas A. sessilis tended to direct [15]N away from herbivore-damaged tissues. These results indicate that, compared to native clonal plants, clonal invaders like A. philoxeroides exhibit a more sophisticated dual resource-allocation strategy in response to foliar herbivory, by allocating more resources belowground while partitioning more N aboveground to facilitate rapid recovery after herbivore attack. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both the direct effects of herbivory and the physiological mechanisms of clonal integration when developing management strategies against clonal invaders.},
}
@article {pmid41457390,
year = {2026},
author = {Guerrero, LSC and Buscardo, E and Inomoto, MM and Nagy, L},
title = {Low abundance of phytophagous nematodes under invasive exotic Pinus elliottii - enemy release and plant-soil feedbacks.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {249},
number = {6},
pages = {3060-3071},
pmid = {41457390},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {441561/2016-0//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 133934/2018-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 445347/2020-1//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 102266/2024-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 88887.423529/2019-00//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; 2016/50481-3//S&#xe3;o Paulo State Research Foundation/ ; 2021/08710-3//S&#xe3;o Paulo State Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pinus/parasitology/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Nematoda/physiology ; *Soil/parasitology ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {According to the enemy release hypothesis (ERH), the fitness of exotic plants and their capacity to become invasive in their area of introduction may partly be attributable to the loss of their natural enemies. Invasive species may also benefit from modifying soil attributes and thereby creating a positive soil-plant feedback. We assessed the relationship between time since the establishment of the invasive Pinus elliottii and enemy release in a montane pine-nematode-specific context within the Atlantic Forest domain, by comparing soil nematode communities/functional diversity along a virtual chronosequence of invasion. Our findings confirmed the premises of the ERH and suggest that invasion may be facilitated by a lesser nematode load on pine compared to that on native species. The impact of P. elliottii on nematode communities over time was mainly driven by changes in the trophic structure with a major depletion of phytophagous species and overall nematode richness. The findings suggest that P. elliottii after experiencing an initial reduction in natural enemy pressure in its exotic range, further changes the composition of soil organisms in its rhizosphere. This has implications for plant-soil feedbacks which, in turn, affect the dynamics of pine invasion in neotropical montane ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41453526,
year = {2026},
author = {Yan, H and Zhou, YS and Xiao, LG and Ni, W and Geng, Y and Liu, HY},
title = {Terpenoids from the whole plants of Chloranthus holostegius.},
journal = {Fitoterapia},
volume = {189},
number = {},
pages = {107065},
doi = {10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107065},
pmid = {41453526},
issn = {1873-6971},
mesh = {Mice ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Molecular Structure ; Animals ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation &amp; purification/pharmacology ; Phytochemicals/isolation &amp; purification/pharmacology ; Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Sesquiterpenes/isolation &amp; purification/pharmacology ; China ; *Terpenes/isolation &amp; purification/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The phytochemical reinvestigation on the whole plants of Chloranthus holostegius led to the isolation of five undescribed sesquiterpenes (named chloranholosins U-Y, 1-5), including two lindenane-type sesquiterpenes, two acorane-type sesquiterpenes, and one elemane-type sesquiterpene, together with 30 known compounds. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by a comprehensive method including the spectroscopic data, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Chloranholosin U (1) was elucidated as a rare lindenane-dinormonotepenoid hybrid with an oxa-difuranofurone moiety. Furthermore, all new isolates and 18 known compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, while their cytotoxic activities were also assessed against five human tumor cell lines. Though these compounds did not show inhibitory activity for NO production, compounds 16, 34, and 35 displayed moderate cytotoxicity. Compound 16 showed cytotoxicity against HL-60, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and SW480 (IC50 10.98-36.48 μM), compounds 34 and 35 were active on HL-60 (IC50 18.98 and 14.89 μM), and 34 also inhibited A549 (IC50 24.32 μM).},
}
@article {pmid41449502,
year = {2025},
author = {He, P and Khan, J and Jiang, K and Peng, P and Huang, W and Sanogo, B and Gao, D and Wu, ZD and Liang, S and Sun, X and Lin, D},
title = {Dynamics of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in invasive snails Biomphalaria straminea and Physa acuta from Guangdong, southern China.},
journal = {Parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1017/S0031182025101455},
pmid = {41449502},
issn = {1469-8161},
abstract = {Biomphalaria straminea (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) and Physa acuta (Gastropoda: Physidae), both invasive species in southern China, are important vectors for zoonotic diseases. However, the lack of information on the infection dynamics of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in these snails leaves gaps in understanding the compatibility mechanisms between the snails and the parasite. This study aims to reveal differences in A. cantonensis infection between B. straminea and P. acuta from Guangdong, southern China, and to investigate the potential interaction mechanisms between A. cantonensis and P. acuta. We found that both phenotypic color variants of B. straminea snails were highly susceptible to A. cantonensis (100%). The load of the L3 larvae ranged from 243 to 765 per snail, and it was positively correlated with the infection dosage. Based on the comparison of third-stage larvae quantities, B. straminea is more suitable than P. acuta for establishing the life cycle of A. cantonensis in the laboratory. In contrast, geographic isolates of P. acuta exhibited variable susceptibility (13-91%) and markedly lower parasite loads, with 6-32 third-stage larvae per snail. Diverse strains of P. acuta exhibit distinct immune responses to A. cantonensis, characterized by varied expression patterns of immune-related genes such as TEP1, HSP70, FREP2, Cu-Zn_SOD1, Fe-Mn_SOD2, MIF and Galectin. Our findings establish B. straminea as both a high-risk vector and a laboratory model for studying the life cycle of A. cantonensis, while highlighting P. acuta as a model for investigating parasite-snail interactions, thereby enhancing our understanding of snail-parasite dynamics in southern China.},
}
@article {pmid41447936,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, C and Yao, J and Xiong, J and Luo, X and Haubrock, PJ and Soto, I and Yang, J and Zhang, Z and Xie, Z and Li, Z and Zhang, J},
title = {Human activities and climate change facilitate the expansion of a notorious invasive snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in a subtropical biodiversity hotspot.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {398},
number = {},
pages = {128353},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128353},
pmid = {41447936},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Snails ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; China ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Human Activities ; Rivers ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {The apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is one of the most destructive invasive species globally. Understanding its current and future distributions under global environmental change is therefore essential for developing effective management strategies. However, existing research has primarily focused on broad spatial scales while paying limited attention to finer-scale patterns, and has typically examined isolated environmental drivers while neglecting the interactive effects of multiple co-occurring factors. Using species distribution models, we filled this gap by predicting and explaining the distribution of P. canaliculata in the Guijiang River Basin, China. The ensemble model integrated five algorithms and was validated with cross-validation (AUC/TSS), with future projections generated under CMIP6 SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0 scenarios. It demonstrated high predictive performance and identified climate change as the dominant driver, accounting for 93.43 % of variable importance (primarily mean diurnal range, and mean temperature of wettest quarter), followed by anthropogenic activities at 6.57 % (primarily represented by population density). Current suitable habitats encompass 51.70 % of the study area, with future projections indicating substantial range expansion to 92.87 % and 96.42 % by 2070 under low-emission (SSP1-2.6) and high-emission (SSP3-7.0) scenarios, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that both climate change and anthropogenic activities synergistically promote the invasion of P. canaliculata in the subtropical Guijiang River Basin. This underscores the importance of incorporating both determinants when designing monitoring and proactive prevention measures at the watershed scale to effectively manage this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41444338,
year = {2025},
author = {Courtaillac, KL and van Wilgen, NJ and Robinson, TB},
title = {Identifying South African marine protected areas at risk from marine heatwaves and cold-spells.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2814},
pmid = {41444338},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {South Africa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Cold Temperature ; *Hot Temperature ; Ecosystem ; *Extreme Heat ; },
abstract = {Marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold-spells (MCSs) can negatively impact biodiversity as species distributions are largely governed by temperature linked to physiological tolerances. These extremes have not been considered in South Africa's Marine Protected Area (MPA) network design, so understanding frequency and severity of extreme thermal events will be important for assessing their impact. This study characterises MHWs and MCSs in MPAs across the six South African marine ecoregions, using a novel index to compare thermal event severity. Thermal events declined in duration and intensity from west to east, with the least severe events recorded in the Delagoa ecoregion. Walker Bay MPA was identified as most at risk due to the combined impact of MHWs and MCSs. These thermal events may threaten the ability of the MPA to meet its conservation objective as a cetacean sanctuary. If past trends in MHW frequency and cumulative intensity persist, the majority of South African MPAs could experience more severe heatwaves in the future. Our approach will help prioritise sites for in situ monitoring of water temperature and studies of the impact of extreme thermal events, as well as identifying areas for expanding refugia and conservation corridors, supporting adaptive management into the future.},
}
@article {pmid41443165,
year = {2026},
author = {O'Brien, P and Schweizer, M and Morin, F and Hylén, A and Robertson, EK and Hall, POJ and Quinchard, S and Polovodova Asteman, I},
title = {Meiofaunal diversity across a sharp gradient of fjord oxygenation: Insights from metabarcoding and morphology approaches in foraminifera.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {224},
number = {},
pages = {119145},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119145},
pmid = {41443165},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Foraminifera/classification ; *Biodiversity ; *Environmental Monitoring ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; *Oxygen/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Sweden ; },
abstract = {Fjords are important global carbon sinks, yet their ecosystems are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic eutrophication and oxygen depletion. Understanding how benthic meiofaunal communities respond to environmental parameters is essential for environmental impact assessment and biomonitoring. Here, we examine how benthic foraminiferal communities respond to contrasting bottom-water oxygen conditions in three Swedish west coast fjords (long-term anoxic By Fjord, seasonally hypoxic Gullmar Fjord, and permanently oxic Hake Fjord) using parallel morphological identification and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding methods. Multidimensional scaling revealed site-specific structuring in both datasets. By Fjord showed the lowest diversity in both datasets, dominated by monothalamids and opportunistic, stress-tolerant taxa adapted to anoxic conditions. Gullmar Fjord supported more diverse assemblages, indicated by abundant Globothalamea, notably Bulimina marginata and Stainforthia fusiformis, reflecting moderate oxygenation conditions. Shallow Hake Fjord supported a slightly lower diversity benthic community and less molecular signal preservation. Both Hake- and Gullmar fjords exhibited occurrence of Nonionella sp. T1, a recently established putatively invasive species, indicating ecological competitiveness across variable oxygenation conditions. Complementary use of molecular and morphological analyses highlighted methodological biases: eDNA captured broader taxonomic diversity, particularly elusive monothalamids, but was influenced by variable DNA preservation under different redox conditions and was limited by sequence database resolution. The morphological approach targeted mineralised foraminifera of a certain size (> 63 μm), providing clearer ecological associations related to immediate oxygen conditions and salinity, while metabarcoding of bulk sediment more effectively traced potential bidirectional responses of a wider range of cryptic and soft-bodied foraminifera. We conclude that used together, these two approaches provide critical insights into species ecology necessary for interpreting palaeoecological archives and assessing contemporary environmental status in oxygen-stressed coastal ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41440912,
year = {2025},
author = {Pereira Pinto, E and González-Ballesteros, N and Rodríguez-Argüelles, MC},
title = {Exploiting the Invasive Alga Rugulopteryx okamurae for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and an Investigation of Their Antioxidant Properties.},
journal = {Marine drugs},
volume = {23},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41440912},
issn = {1660-3397},
support = {101099423//Horizon Europe/ ; GRC-ED431C 2022/26//Xunta de Galicia/ ; },
mesh = {*Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; *Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology ; Silver/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; *Phaeophyceae/chemistry ; Gold/chemistry ; Green Chemistry Technology/methods ; Platinum/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction ; },
abstract = {The rapid spread of the invasive brown macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae has caused severe ecological and economic damage along the European coasts. Efforts to mitigate its impact have been largely ineffective, highlighting the need for alternative strategies to valorise this invasive species. This study explores the use of R. okamurae aqueous extract (RO extract) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent for the green synthesis of gold (Au@RO), silver (Ag@RO), and platinum (Pt@RO) nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were extensively characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results confirmed the successful formation of spherical and stable nanoparticles. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the RO extract was determined before and after the synthesis of the nanoparticles by the determination of the reducing power, total phenolic content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Notably, Pt@RO showed the highest enhancement in antioxidant activity among the nanoparticles synthesized. The findings demonstrate that R. okamurae can be repurposed as a valuable bioresource for the environmentally friendly production of metal nanoparticles with promising applications.},
}
@article {pmid41440695,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiang, Y and Mehnaz, N and Song, B and Sun, M and Yang, L and Li, X and Li, Y and Wang, L and Wang, Z and Dong, Y and Ma, L},
title = {Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Chaetomium sp. Strain V3 from Ambrosia and Its Effects on Tomato Plant Growth.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41440695},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {LJ202410166008//the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Undergraduate Universities in Liaoning Province/ ; LJ232510166006//the Fundamental Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province/ ; LJ232510166004//the Fundamental Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province/ ; BS202318//the PhD Initiation Fund of Shenyang Normal University/ ; },
abstract = {Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), an invasive species, is well-known for its rapid growth, strong reproductive potential, and high stress tolerance. The evolutionary distinctiveness and strong ecological adaptability of Ambrosia have enabled the endophytic fungi that coevolved with it to become valuable microbial resources. In this study, one of the endophytic fungi isolated from ragweed was named strain V3. Strain V3 was identified as Chaetomium sp. (Ascomycota) based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. The strain V3 promotes tomato growth by significantly increasing plant height, root length, the number of lateral roots, and chlorophyll content, effectively enhancing photosynthesis and consequently improving fruit yield. Meanwhile, compared to the control, tomato fruits inoculated with strain V3 exhibited significantly higher levels of vitamin C (VC) and lycopene, indicating a notable enhancement in fruit quality. Additionally, strain V3 is capable of producing phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin, and of regulating the expression of tomato auxin response factor (ARF) genes. This study demonstrates that strain V3 has the potential to promote tomato plant growth.},
}
@article {pmid41440660,
year = {2025},
author = {Tennakoon, DS and de Silva, NI and Xie, N and Hongsanan, S},
title = {Global Diversity, Host Associations, and New Insights into Aigialaceae, Astrosphaeriellaceae, and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41440660},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {Grant No. 2024C006//Shenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research/ ; Grant No. 32400012//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021YFA0910800//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; },
abstract = {During a survey of plant litter-associated microfungi in Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces, China, several specimens that have carbonaceous ascomata were collected. Morphological characteristics combined with multi-gene (LSU, SSU, and tef1-α) phylogeny revealed that they belong to the Aigialaceae, Astrosphaeriellaceae, and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae families. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) approaches. Caryospora pruni and Pseudoastrosphaeriella zingiberacearum are introduced as new species, and Astrosphaeriella bambusae, C. quercus, Fissuroma caryotae, and Neoastrosphaeriella aquatica are introduced as new host records. In addition, Caryospora minima is synonymized under C. aquatica based on close morphological and phylogenetic relationships. All the newly introduced species fit well with their respective generic concepts and can be distinguished from closely related species in their morphology and DNA molecular data. The new host records also provide similar morphological characteristics to their respective type species, and multi-gene phylogeny analyses also offer evidence for their placements. In addition, we compiled the geographical distribution and host associations of species in Aigialaceae, Astrosphaeriellaceae, and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae. This provides a database for future studies to understand the ecological interactions and geographical variations.},
}
@article {pmid41438954,
year = {2025},
author = {Neupane, A and Jnawali, B and Ghimire, SK},
title = {Anthropogenic Disturbances and Invasion of Mikania micrantha Threaten Rauvolfia serpentina Populations in Nepal.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {e72731},
pmid = {41438954},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz (family: Apocynaceae), a threatened medicinal plant in Tropical Asia, faces rapid depletion due to unsustainable harvesting, human-mediated habitat alteration, and invasion of alien species. Lack of knowledge regarding its population status, ecology, and performance hinders effective species-specific conservation management plans. Therefore, we studied the population density and structure of R. serpentina and assessed the variation in its life history traits (e.g., adult plant height, adult stem diameter, adult canopy diameter, number of branches, fruit circumference, dry fruit mass, and reproductive output), and regeneration status among populations at four sites differentially disturbed from human pressure and invasion of Mikania micrantha Kunth (family: Asteraceae)-highly disturbed, moderately disturbed, undisturbed, and previously disturbed-in the Jalthal forest in eastern Nepal. We conducted seed germination tests in a polyhouse to determine the seed germination potential and seedling growth performance on four different canopy types based on presence or absence of Mikania micrantha e.g., open without-mikania, semi-close without-mikania, close with-mikania and close without-mikania. The highest density (2.53 ± 0.22 individuals 25 m[2]) was recorded in the undisturbed site. R. serpentina density greatly reduced with increasing disturbance. Compared to disturbed sites, undisturbed site showed high seedling recruitment and had adults with better growth performance and reproductive output. Habitat destruction and alteration, invasion of alien species, over-harvesting, and poor seed viability are the probable reasons behind the reduced regeneration and low population density of R. serpentina in Jalthal forest. The results showed that R. serpentina was very sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances and the invasion of alien species, which contributed to the variation in density, life-history traits, and regeneration potential in differentially disturbed sites. Furthermore, this species struggles to sustain and compete with others in disturbed habitats due to its low seed germination.},
}
@article {pmid41438116,
year = {2025},
author = {Baguette, FMMP and Baider, C and Florens, FBV},
title = {Harungana madagascariensis (Hypericaceae) is a key phorophyte for native epiphytes and lianas during ecological restoration: case study on an oceanic island.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e20520},
pmid = {41438116},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Islands ; *Ecosystem ; Mauritius ; Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Trees ; Forests ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; },
abstract = {Human activities generate multiple pressures on ecosystems, driving rapid biodiversity loss globally. Oceanic islands and tropical forests are most affected by this situation and within them, epiphytes and lianas are among the most threatened floristic components. Yet, they are often understudied and neglected particularly in restoration projects which instead typically favour planting trees and often overlook ecosystem dynamics and functional interactions. We compared native epiphytes and lianas growing on native pioneer trees (Harungana madagascariensis (Hypericaceae)) with those growing on other native trees of (1) similar trunk diameter; and (2) similar age, in wet native forests undergoing restoration after invasive alien plant control, on the volcanic oceanic island of Mauritius. We also investigated whether the different phorophytes had any differential influence on the reproductive status of epiphytes and their size. We studied H. madagascariensis because it is the dominant native pioneer tree of the island's wet native vegetation and also because, since decades, it is often controlled by conservation managers. Harungana madagascariensis hosted more native epiphyte and liana species than native trees of similar age, but no difference was found with trees of similar diameter. Similarly, there was a higher abundance of epiphyte and liana on H. madagascariensis compared to other trees of similar age, but no difference with other trees of similar diameter. Twice more epiphyte/liana species were closely associated with H. madagascariensis (multipatt analysis, IndVal 0.31-0.92; p < 0.05) compared to other phorophytes of similar diameter, and none were closely associated with other phorophytes of similar age. Finally, Harungana madagascariensis hosted more reproductive orchids than phorophytes of similar age and size, but the sizes of epiphytes and lianas did not differ significantly across phorophytes. Harungana madagascariensis therefore benefits native epiphytes and lianas, promoting their colonisation after invasive alien plants are controlled, in contrast with other native phorophytes. This contrast is in fact even larger because the cut H. madagascariensis are often many meters tall, often already hosting epiphytes, in contrast to seedlings that are planted in their place. On an oceanic island where native biodiversity is acutely threatened and where the benefits of cutting native pioneer trees like H. madagascariensis in biodiversity conservation projects remain unproven, our study provides new evidence that the detrimental effects of this management extend beyond the destruction of the native pioneer trees, to also severely hinder the restoration of native epiphyte and liana species. Furthermore, our study underscores how native pioneer trees can help foster the conservation of typically neglected native plant guilds, and the improbable need for stressing that evidence, and not hypotheses, should drive conservation policy.},
}
@article {pmid41438032,
year = {2025},
author = {Dujon, AM and Courtalon, J and Miltiadous, A and Blake, M and Ujvari, B and Biro, PA and Thomas, F},
title = {Oncogenic stress alters predator-prey interactions between a globally invasive and a native planaria species.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {28},
number = {12},
pages = {114126},
pmid = {41438032},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Oncogenic pressures, factors that increase tumor risk, are intensifying with human-driven environmental change, yet their ecological effects remain mainly unquantified. We examined how UVB-induced oncogenic stress affects interactions between two Australian freshwater planaria: the globally invasive predator Girardia tigrina and the native prey Cura pinguis. We hypothesized that DNA damage could either heighten prey vulnerability or impair predator performance. Native planaria showed less UVB-induced DNA damage, likely due to darker pigmentation, while damage in G. tigrina reduced predation rates, suggesting energetic costs of DNA repair. UVB also reduced movement in both species, with partial recovery in the invasive species but prolonged immobility in the native. Additionally, UVB strongly suppressed asexual reproduction in G. tigrina, indicating trade-offs between DNA repair and proliferation. These results reveal that oncogenic stress can reshape species interactions and invasion dynamics, underscoring the need to integrate cancer ecology into conservation and invasion biology.},
}
@article {pmid41437262,
year = {2025},
author = {Haubrock, PJ and Tarkan, AS and Martín-Forés, I and Katsanevakis, S and Sousa, R and Soto, I and Green, AJ and Kouba, A and Everts, T and Dominguez Almela, V and Belouard, N and Hui, C and Bojko, J and Deklerck, V and Boeraeve, M and Essl, F and Britton, JR},
title = {The spread of non-native species.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/brv.70121},
pmid = {41437262},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {PTDC/CTA-AMB/0510/2021//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia/ ; 1S01822N//Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee/ ; 1273125N//Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee/ ; PID2020-112774GB-I00//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; },
abstract = {The global redistribution of species through human agency is one of the defining ecological signatures of the Anthropocene, with biological invasions reshaping biodiversity patterns, ecosystem processes and services, and species interactions globally. Here, we review the facets underlying the spread of non-native species - the key process by which introductions translate into large-scale invasions. In particular, we synthesise the ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic mechanisms underpinning the spread of non-native species, highlighting how dispersal, recruitment, and establishment interact across spatial and temporal scales. We examine the dynamics of non-native species spread in animals, plants, fungi, and pathogens, as well as across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine realms, with particular attention to the dynamics and processes modulating spread. We further evaluate essential phenomena of non-native species spread, such as the role of invasion fronts, Allee effects, propagule pressure, interactions with environmental change, landscape properties, and biotic interactions. We then outline how spread can be measured, modelled, and predicted using tools ranging from classical diffusion models to cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence and individual-based simulations. By offering a cross-system and cross-scale synthesis, this review advances the theoretical and practical understanding of non-native species spread for supporting policy and management.},
}
@article {pmid41436899,
year = {2025},
author = {Hussain, M and Gao, X and Ijaz, M and Zhou, Y and Zhang, Z and Haider, K and Hussain, S and Qureshi, J and Wu, G and Qin, D and Galian, J},
title = {The Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972): A Persistent Global Invader and the Search for Effective Control.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {135},
pmid = {41436899},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {202105AC160037//Reserve Talents Project for Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders/ ; 202205AC160077//Reserve Talents Project for Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders/ ; 19908-GERM-15//Fundaci&#xf3;n S&#xe9;neca/ ; },
mesh = {*Ants ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Insect Control/methods ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (1972), commonly known as RIFA, is considered one of the world's 100 most invasive and threatening pest species. It is particularly notorious for its rapid expansion into new territories and its severe impacts on agriculture, nurseries, public infrastructure, and urban green areas. Due to its aggressive nature and broad ecological adaptability, RIFA poses significant challenges to human activities and ecosystems. Consequently, substantial research efforts have been directed toward both eradication in infested areas and the prevention of its spread into new regions. Core management strategies include quarantine measures and chemical, biological, and physical control methods, each with specific advantages and limitations. This article aims to underscore the global importance of RIFA, provide a comprehensive review of current control approaches, and analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation. The findings reported in the literature reviewed are intended to support the development and application of sustainable, site-specific Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and adaptive strategies for long-term control. Future efforts should prioritize predictive modeling of invasion pathways, genomic tools for resistance management, and enhanced biocontrol integration to address climate-mediated range expansions.},
}
@article {pmid41436694,
year = {2025},
author = {Werenkraut, V and Lescano, MN and Elizalde, L and Pirk, GI},
title = {Citizen Science Quickly Reveals the Argentine Ant Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) Distribution in an Invaded Urban Area and Provides Unexpected Findings.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {133},
pmid = {41436694},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {04/B259//Universidad Nacional del Comahue/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants ; *Introduced Species ; *Citizen Science ; Cities ; Argentina ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions pose significant threats to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human well-being. Urban areas are particularly prone to biological invasions as high levels of human activity and connectivity enhance the arrival of alien species, and some characteristics of these areas (e.g. disturbance levels and reduced thermal variability) facilitate their establishment. Here, we study the establishment and distribution of the highly invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868), in Bariloche, a Patagonian city ~1000 km away from its native range, using a citizen science approach, complemented by outdoor ant sampling. Our findings confirm its establishment as an urban pest within a small downtown area and suggest it has not spread into surrounding urban or semi-natural habitats. However, ongoing urban development and climate change might facilitate its spread in the future. Through citizen science records, we also found other ants (including the invasive Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758), reported for the first time in the region) behaving as indoor pests in parts of the city where L. humile was not detected. This study highlights the value of citizen science in detecting invasive alien species and its added benefit of monitoring indoor pests that might otherwise go unnoticed using outdoor surveys and emphasize the need for coordinated management strategies from different stakeholders to address these invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41436672,
year = {2025},
author = {KimDung, N and Dong Nguyen, TA and Long, NLH and Bao, DQ},
title = {Protected Wetland Governance in Vietnam's Mekong Delta: Invasive Aquatic Species and Climate Challenges.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {2},
pages = {46},
pmid = {41436672},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {SH-CNSH 2023-06//The University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM)/ ; SH-CNSH 2023-06//The University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM)/ ; SH-CNSH 2023-06//The University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM)/ ; },
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation &amp; jurisprudence/methods ; *Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; Vietnam ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Effective governance is essential for the success of conservation efforts in protected areas, as it coordinates resources, fosters collaboration, and facilitates adaptability. The Mekong Delta, a globally significant wetland ecosystem, is facing increasing threats from invasive alien species (IAS) and climate change, challenging the governance capacity of its wetland-protected areas. This study examines three wetland protected areas: Lang Sen Wetland Reserve, U Minh Thuong National Park, and Phu My Species-Habitat Conservation Area. We employed semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews, field surveys, and spatial analysis for our research. Governance was assessed using Lockwood's principles and the attributes defined by McGeoch et al. Our findings revealed a government-led model (IUCN Type A) characterized by strong legal frameworks, yet there were notable gaps in coordination, resource allocation, and community involvement. Unlike previous studies that focused on isolated threats, we integrated the dynamics of invasive alien species and climate change into a localized adaptive governance framework. We propose policies that promote synergy, advocate for shared governance with an emphasis on community roles, and leverage technology to enhance resilience. These findings address specific gaps in the governance of invasive alien species and climate change within the Mekong Delta's protected areas. They offer actionable strategies that align with the Kunming-Montreal Framework (Convention on Biological Diversity 2022), thereby advancing conservation tools for tropical wetlands on a global scale.},
}
@article {pmid41436659,
year = {2025},
author = {Borbhuyan, S and Das, N and Chakraborty, K and Bhattacharyya, D and Das, T},
title = {The Paradox of Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Wetlands: High Contributions from Invasive Species Demand Control and Native Plant Promotion.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {2},
pages = {37},
pmid = {41436659},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {Grant No. DS-2B-13012(2)/16/2021-Sec.2 Date: 08-10-2021//Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Department of Space, Government of India./ ; },
mesh = {*Carbon Sequestration ; *Wetlands ; *Introduced Species ; Tropical Climate ; *Plants ; India ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Tropical wetlands provide critical services, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. This study assesses the community composition, species diversity, and carbon stock potential of aquatic vegetation across three distinct wetland types in Barak Valley, Assam, Northeast India, namely an oxbow lake (OL), a floodplain wetland (FPW), and a perennial wetland (PW). Field surveys were conducted during the wet and dry seasons, with vegetation sampled across both aquatic and riparian zones using a randomized quadrat approach. Data on species composition, density, and biomass were collected, and phytosociological analyses was done to evaluate community structure and diversity of the wetland vegetation. Carbon stock was estimated from dry biomass, using a conversion factor to quantify carbon content. The study identified 53 plant species across the wetlands, with PW exhibiting the highest species richness (42 species) and OL the highest carbon stock (2.76 Mg ha[-1]). Invasive plants contributed approximately 50-60% to the total carbon stock, suggesting a significant but ecologically complex role in carbon sequestration. A moderately strong positive association (R[2] = 0.65) was observed between plant diversity and carbon stocks although invasive dominance weakened evenness and possibly the community resilience. While invasive species significantly enhance carbon storage, their ecological impacts on native biodiversity and resource allocation raise concerns about ecosystem health and resilience. These findings highlight the need for adaptive wetland management strategies that balance carbon sequestration with biodiversity conservation, particularly through the control of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41432424,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Z and Fu, B and Ren, J and Li, S and Ji, H and Wu, Y and Fang, X and Wang, Z and Shang, M and Wang, Y and Liang, Y and Liu, X and Lu, L},
title = {Global Perspective on the Migration History and Current and Future Potential Distribution of Rattus tanezumi.},
journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
volume = {1556},
number = {1},
pages = {e70163},
doi = {10.1111/nyas.70163},
pmid = {41432424},
issn = {1749-6632},
support = {//Ying Liang/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Animal Migration/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Rats ; Temperature ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Rattus tanezumi is a highly invasive rodent that has spread rapidly worldwide in recent decades, yet its historical dispersal routes and potential suitable habitats remain insufficiently systematically assessed. This study reconstructed the migration history and projected the future distribution of the species by integrating MaxEnt and Biomod2 models. It aimed to reveal the dynamics of its invasion process in relation to climatic drivers, compare model differences, and evaluate the reliability of the predictions. We found that R. tanezumi spread primarily through shipping and transportation networks, often initially establishing in climatically suitable ports, with expansion limited by climatic boundaries. Current highly suitable areas occur in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Analysis identified key climatic thresholds, with survival probability significantly increasing where the mean annual temperature is >10°C and the warmest quarter precipitation is >900 mm. While temperature seasonality had no significant effect, diurnal temperature range exhibited a negative impact, though its strength varied regionally. Contrary to traditional understanding, reliability-tested model projections suggest potential expansion into colder and higher-altitude regions under climate change. This study elucidates the species' invasion dynamics and provides a scientific basis for forecasting range shifts and guiding targeted control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41431400,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, H and Zhang, Y and Hu, H and Zhou, X and Lu, X and Zhao, Z},
title = {Integrated control techniques for golden apple snails: from traditional strategies to exploring ultrasonic methods.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70463},
pmid = {41431400},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {2022YFC2601303//National Key Research and Development Program of China ()/ ; GWVI-11.1-13//sixth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai/ ; 2022YFC2601304//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC2601305//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {The golden apple snail (GAS) is among the world's 100 worst invasive alien species, severely damaging agricultural production and aquatic ecosystems wherever it invades. Existing publications have outlined the fundamental control techniques for GASs, but systematically reviewing the latest advancements in control technologies is crucial for addressing the rapidly evolving invasion patterns of GASs and formulating flexible control strategies. This study reviewed 96 relevant publications from the past decade, with sources primarily including China (44 publications), Vietnam (eight publications), the United States (eight publications), Malaysia (seven publications) and Spain (five publications). The types of control methods involved biological control (71%), chemical control (20%), agricultural control (5%) and physical control (4%). Currently, chemical control is shifting toward targeted research. Biological control, as an environmentally friendly approach, has emerged as a research hotspot. Agricultural control methods demonstrate good efficacy but lack flexibility. Physical control methods involve high labour costs, low timeliness and are the subject of limited research. In contrast, ultrasonic control, as a physical method, offers advantages such as simple operation, rapid response, and no secondary pollution. This review systematically examined the current state of existing control technologies. By analysing the shortcomings and research gaps in physical control methods, this study proposes novel approaches to address deficiencies in this field, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and flexibility of integrated management strategies for GASs. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41429833,
year = {2025},
author = {Malaquias Souto, P and Santos, SS and Sarmento, A and de Liz Ronsani, A and Tomaz, AL and Azevedo-Pereira, HMVS and Leston, S and Ramos, F and Sousa, JP and Capela, N},
title = {Assessing the oral toxicity of acetamiprid, spinosad, cypermethrin, and pyrethrins in the invasive hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {45112},
pmid = {41429833},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Drug Combinations ; *Neonicotinoids/toxicity ; *Macrolides/toxicity ; *Insecticides/toxicity ; *Pyrethrins/toxicity ; *Wasps/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; Administration, Oral ; },
abstract = {The yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina subs. nigrithorax Buysson, 1905, is an invasive species in Europe, posing substantial ecological and economic threats. Its biology and behavior, marked by rapid reproduction and aggressive predation, endanger native insects. This has negative impacts on agriculture, biodiversity, and human safety. Effective control is therefore essential to prevent and minimize its spread and ecological impact. This study assessed the acute oral toxicity of four commercial insecticide formulations containing acetamiprid, spinosad, cypermethrin, and a mixture of natural pyrethrins as active ingredients on V. v. nigrithorax workers. Our findings indicate that acetamiprid and spinosad are the most promising compounds, with acetamiprid inducing rapid mortality at low doses, and spinosad causing both lethal and sublethal effects, potentially disrupting hornet behavior and colony viability. Given that oral exposure generally resulted in higher toxicity than contact exposure, pest control strategies should incorporate multiple exposure pathways. Further investigations are necessary to confirm efficacy under field conditions and to evaluate potential ecological risks to non-target species. Overall, this study provides critical data to improve V. v. nigrithorax control and supports the development of more effective and environmentally sustainable control strategies against this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41429727,
year = {2025},
author = {Falk, M and Garriga, J and Eritja, R and Sanpera-Calbet, I and Pou, E and Richter-Boix, A and Palmer, JRB and Bartumeus, F},
title = {Augmenting community-driven vector surveillance with automated image classification: Lessons from the Artificial Intelligence Mosquito Alert (AIMA) system.},
journal = {Epidemics},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {100863},
doi = {10.1016/j.epidem.2025.100863},
pmid = {41429727},
issn = {1878-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mosquito Vectors/classification ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Aedes/classification ; Humans ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Culex ; Machine Learning ; Culicidae/classification ; Mobile Applications ; },
abstract = {The Mosquito Alert (MA) platform leverages artificial intelligence to enhance community-driven mosquito surveillance by automatically identifying mosquito species from geolocated images submitted via a mobile app. This empowers the public to report both native and invasive mosquitoes of public health relevance, contributing to early detection and monitoring efforts. The Artificial Intelligence Mosquito Alert (AIMA) system integrates machine learning image classification within an automated backend pipeline to enable real-time triaging of submissions: critical reports are flagged for expert review, routine cases are classified automatically, and contributors receive immediate feedback fostering participant engagement. By automating routine identifications, the system reduces the burden on experts, allowing them to focus on complex or ambiguous cases that require taxonomic expertise. This study focuses on two AIMA operational periods in 2023 and 2024. We evaluate model updates and performance across these years, highlighting both progress achieved and remaining limitations under real-world citizen science conditions. The most reliably classified species across both models were Aedes albopictus and Culex sp., whereas Aedes aegypti remained difficult to identify. Despite its limitations, AIMA remains central to enabling scalable, responsive, and intelligent mosquito vector surveillance, substantially reducing the time experts must devote to routine identifications. Functioning as an Early Warning System (EWS), MA produces real-time distribution maps of invasive species and rapidly delivers actionable information to public health authorities, facilitating timely responses and intervention.},
}
@article {pmid41428237,
year = {2026},
author = {Heide Andreasen, M and Gardella, G and Rist, S and González, CR and Nielsen, TG},
title = {Combined Effects of Hypoxia and Crude Oil on the Invasive Comb Jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {60},
number = {1},
pages = {157-166},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5c08481},
pmid = {41428237},
issn = {1520-5851},
mesh = {Animals ; *Petroleum/toxicity ; Oxygen ; Introduced Species ; Reproduction ; Larva ; },
abstract = {Coastal ecosystems are subject to multiple anthropogenic stressors, including hypoxia and crude oil pollution. This study examines the individual and combined effects of varying oxygen levels (1%, 10%, and 100% O2 sat.) and crude oil (1 μL L[-1]) on the invasive comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi, focusing on key life history traits (e.g., reproduction and survival) and functional traits such as prey ingestion. We experimentally found that M. leidyi exhibits remarkable tolerance to both hypoxia and crude oil. Feeding rates remained mostly unaffected across all treatments, while egg production rate increased under both low oxygen and oil exposure, suggesting a stress-induced reproductive response. Hatching success was significantly reduced only under severe hypoxia (<1% O2 sat.) and in combination with oil exposure, illustrating detrimental effects on embryonic development. Larval survival was reduced by 67% when exposed to both severe hypoxia and crude oil for 4 days, highlighting a synergistic negative impact under extreme conditions. M. leidyi's high tolerance to multiple stressors enhances its invasive potential, exacerbating the species' adverse impact on ecological dynamics in coastal regions experiencing escalating environmental degradation.},
}
@article {pmid41426614,
year = {2025},
author = {Anderson, DP and Gillingham, S and Latham, MC and Latham, ADM},
title = {Can a Mate-Finding Allee Effect Be Elicited to Help Eradicate Invasive Mammals?.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {e72711},
pmid = {41426614},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The Allee effect is an important ecological process that has implications for extinction of endangered species and for assisting the management of invasive species. Few instances of Allee effects have been quantified in nature due to the adaptive resilience of species and the difficulty in empirically linking ecological mechanisms to population change. While Allee effects could theoretically assist with invasive species eradications, the mechanism by which a management intervention could achieve both component and demographic Allee effects has not been tested. We developed an individual-based simulation model to explore whether the intentional disruption of animal behaviour could elicit a mate-finding Allee effect to facilitate the eradication of an invasive mammal. We used stoats (Mustela erminea) as a test species and generalised the results by examining the sensitivity of Allee effects to a range of biological attributes and management scenarios. The ecological challenge was to turn the colonising adaptations (high mobility, olfactory communication and delayed placental implantation) into vulnerabilities for Allee effects. Following an initial population reduction through trapping, reproductive pheromone decoys were deployed to disrupt mate finding. When key ecological, management and technological conditions were met during the deployment of decoys, an increase in the probability of eradication demonstrated a demographic Allee effect. The mate-finding Allee threshold occurred only at very low densities, indicating the importance of population control. The Allee effect increased with increasing number of deployed decoys and attractiveness to divert movement direction away from potential mates. Increasing the bias in random walk behaviour towards nearby decoys reduced mate finding, whereas low-biased random walk induced by detection of multiple scents increased reproduction. Increasing survival rates increased longevity and the time for individuals to find mates, which decreased the probability of an Allee effect. The modest increased probability of eradication under optimal biological and management conditions demonstrated the resilience of species to mate-finding Allee effects.},
}
@article {pmid41424305,
year = {2026},
author = {Gergonne, D and Veldtman, R and Bekker, G and Hui, C and van Asch, B},
title = {Genomic Evidence for Dual Introductions, Limited Gene Flow and Niche Preferences in the Invasive Wasp Vespula germanica in South Africa.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {e70217},
pmid = {41424305},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {89967//National Research Foundation (NRF SARChI)/ ; //Stellenbosch University/ ; //National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS)/ ; },
mesh = {*Wasps/genetics ; South Africa ; Animals ; *Gene Flow ; *Introduced Species ; Haplotypes ; *Genetics, Population ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are major drivers of recent biodiversity changes, yet the genetic structure and ecological mechanisms underlying invasion dynamics remain poorly resolved in invasive social insects. In South Africa, the European wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), introduced in the 1970s, has spread remarkably more slowly than in other regions and its geographical distribution in the country remains limited. Although two mitochondrial haplotypes have been reported in South Africa, the species' range expansion and fine-scale population structure remain poorly understood. Using 2b-RAD sequencing of 47 colonies across its entire range in South Africa, we identified two main genetic clusters that correspond to previously identified mitochondrial haplotypes, strongly supporting the double introduction scenario. This well-defined genetic structure is sustained by limited gene flow and possibly by niche preferences. Spatial patterns reveal a dispersal system of short-range natural movements and human-mediated jumps, with Stellenbosch acting as a secondary introduction point. Ecological niche preferences appear to maintain a genetic structure through isolation by environment: one group occupies warmer, drier sites, while the other is confined to cooler, wetter microclimates near Cape Town. This pattern reflects ecological adaptation that is likely tied to distinct population origins. As the first genome-wide study of V. germanica, this work illuminates how introduction history and ecological constraints shape invasion dynamics, laying a foundation for understanding the genetic structure and invasion dynamics of the species and for developing predictive management frameworks.},
}
@article {pmid41421156,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, L and Liu, Y},
title = {Disentangling the invasion landscape: Spatially-explicit explainable machine learning reveals the heterogeneous drivers of Solenopsis invicta distribution in China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {397},
number = {},
pages = {128366},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128366},
pmid = {41421156},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Machine Learning ; China ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Ants ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant, is a globally significant invasive species causing severe ecological and economic damage. Its recent rapid expansion in China necessitates accurate risk assessment tools to guide management. While machine learning models are powerful predictors, their "black box" nature often limits their utility for developing targeted control strategies.<br><br>METHODS: We compiled 1,791 verified occurrence records of S. invicta in China and a suite of 12 environmental variables. We evaluated six machine learning models using a rigorous 5-fold spatial cross-validation to account for spatial autocorrelation. The optimal model (CatBoost) was interpreted using post-hoc explainability techniques, including SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and the novel GeoShapley method, to identify key drivers and analyze their complex, spatially-varying effects.<br><br>RESULTS: The optimal model accurately predicted high habitat suitability in the subtropical and tropical regions of southern and southeastern China (AUC&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.90&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;0.06). The three most influential drivers were precipitation of the driest month (PDM), gross primary productivity (GPP), and population density (PD). SHAP-based analyses revealed critical non-linear relationships and ecological tipping points, such as a sharp decline in suitability when PDM exceeds 19.5&#xa0;mm. Critically, the GeoShapley analysis demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity in driver importance; for example, the negative impact of high PDM was most pronounced in the humid southeastern coast, while the importance of anthropogenic factors was highest along major transportation corridors extending into central China.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our study provides a high-resolution, robustly validated habitat suitability map for S. invicta in China. The novel application of spatially-explicit explainable machine learning moves beyond traditional risk mapping by identifying where specific environmental and anthropogenic drivers are most influential. This provides a powerful, nuanced framework for developing targeted, evidence-based, and spatially-differentiated management strategies to combat the ongoing invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41420956,
year = {2026},
author = {Gavioli, A and Mancinelli, G and Eggleston, DB and Christian, RR and Turolla, E and Lanzoni, M and Soana, E and Rossetti, E and Gottardo, A and Vidal, L and Zentilin, A and Castaldelli, G},
title = {A potential bottom-up cascade on the abundance of invasive Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus in northwestern Adriatic lagoons.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {215},
number = {},
pages = {107801},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107801},
pmid = {41420956},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Mediterranean Sea ; Fisheries ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; Salinity ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {The introduction of the Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the Mediterranean Sea dates back to the 1900s; however, the species has recently spread in the region resulting in negative impacts on the structure and functions of invaded ecosystems and local fisheries. This study investigated the covariation between spatiotemporal dynamics of the Atlantic blue crab fishery landings (catch-per-unit-area; CPUE) and environmental explanatory variables (i.e., salinity, water temperature, nitrate and chlorophyll-a used as a proxy of primary productivity) over a four-year period (2020-2023) in four key lagoonal ecosystems of the North Adriatic Sea. Our results showed that the marked increase in Atlantic blue crab CPUE in all studied lagoons since 2020 was strongly related with local primary productivity which likely supports a greater abundance of food resources for the suspension feeding Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), a key prey for blue crabs and one of the most important fisheries in the region. Conversely, salinity and water temperature, two key parameters regulating blue crab biology, i.e., mating and subsequent larval spawning, did not significantly influence CPUE in the studied lagoons. These results suggest that primary production in the lagoons, which directly influences food availability (e.g., Manila clams) for the Atlantic blue crab, is the primary factor driving its apparent invasion success in the study area. Our results provide new insights into understanding the environmental factors that promote its invasion and spread, allowing for targeted control measures such as managed fisheries and water quality.},
}
@article {pmid41420655,
year = {2025},
author = {Xirocostas, ZA and Slavich, E and Everingham, SE and Salminen, JP and Booth, L and Gleadow, R and Ollerton, J and Tamme, R and Peco, B and Lesieur, V and Raghu, S and Junker, RR and Pärtel, M and Uesugi, A and Bonser, SP and Hovenden, MJ and Moles, AT},
title = {In poor taste: leaf palatability traits are not correlated with aboveground enemy release.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {208},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
pmid = {41420655},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {DP190100243//Australian Research Council/ ; Student Award//Ecological Society of Australia/ ; TK200//Estonian Ministry of Education and Research/ ; PRG1065//Eesti Teadusagentuur/ ; PRG2142//Eesti Teadusagentuur/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Leaves/chemistry/physiology ; *Herbivory ; *Taste ; Introduced Species ; Animals ; Australia ; },
abstract = {Many species experience less pressure from herbivores, predators, or pathogens in their introduced range than in their native range. This phenomenon, known as enemy release, is one explanation for the success of introduced plant species worldwide. However, species experience enemy release to different extents, or not at all. Surprisingly, we have little understanding of what types of species or circumstances are associated with strong enemy release. We aimed to test whether ten defensive leaf traits that contribute to plants' palatability to aboveground herbivores can predict the level of enemy release they experience. Our study expands upon previous work, which found enemy release occurring across 16 plant species studied at 12 sites within their native (5 sites; European) and introduced (7 sites; Australian) ranges. Contrary to all predictions, we found no evidence that enemy release was related to ash content, C:N ratio, hair density, leaf dry matter content, leaf mass per area, cyanogen presence, lipid content, phenolic compounds, oxidative activity, or combined chemical, physical, and total defences. This result demonstrates the need to further assess other traits, or environmental variables that may contribute to enemy release, so that we may more accurately predict when and where it is most likely to occur. Finding that these defensive traits do not predict enemy release in our study system brings us a step closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying successful invasion, which is increasingly important in our rapidly changing world.},
}
@article {pmid41419523,
year = {2025},
author = {Matilde, B and Camilla, R and Rosita, T and Torcuato, PM and Di Camillo, CG},
title = {Short- and long-term effects of culling invasive corallivorous gastropods.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {3003},
pmid = {41419523},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastropoda/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Coral Reefs ; Thailand ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Eradicating invasive species and maintaining their populations at acceptable densities is both costly and challenging in marine environments, primarily due to the open water connectivity between culled and non-culled areas. This research aims to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of culling invasive species, considering the invasive gastropod Drupella rugosa (Born, 1778) from the coral reefs of Koh Tao (Gulf of Thailand) as a case study. Ecological, logistical, and behavioural factors that influenced the removal efforts were identified, highlighting key components that can inform future strategies aimed at managing outbreak events. Specific objectives included: (1) estimating gastropod densities and to study the behaviour of D. rugosa on Acropora-dominated reefs; (2) assessing short-term effects of D. rugosa removal by monitoring the fate of grazed corals; (3) examining the long-term impact of culling by analysing data from a removal campaign spanning over a decade, including an evaluation of the effort in terms of time and diver involvement. The relationship between damselfish and the feeding activity of corallivorous gastropods was also investigated. A key finding of this study is that poorly planned culling is ineffective in controlling outbreaks of invasive species such as those belonging to the genus Drupella. Long-term data from culling campaigns conducted between 2010 and 2024 revealed that the number of removed specimens remained relatively constant, despite significant differences in effort. This disparity underscores the lack of strategic coordination in the implementation of removal activities. Following a critical comparison with cases reported in the literature, common issues and transferable strategies were identified and thoroughly analyzed. Directions for management were provided, with the understanding that future actions should be grounded in a thorough knowledge of the species' ecological traits, the biotic and abiotic drivers of outbreak events, a quantitative assessment of its impact on Acropora reefs, and integration into with well-established international removal and prevention programs.},
}
@article {pmid41418498,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, J and Xu, A and Liu, T and Huang, K and Zhu, W and Yu, J and Yang, Y and Li, F and Zhu, D and Gong, L and Liu, L and Lü, Z},
title = {Comparative transcriptome analysis provides novel insights into the evolution of enhanced cold tolerance in the northward invasion of the eel goby, Taenioides sp.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics &amp; proteomics},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {101709},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101709},
pmid = {41418498},
issn = {1878-0407},
abstract = {Invasive species serve as an ideal model for investigating adaptation, since they are typically introduced to unfamiliar environments where adaptation is essential for survival. Taenioides sp. is a typical invasive eel goby that originally inhabited the tropical and subtropical coasts of Southeast China but has recently expanded into the temperate regions of North China due to the implementation of ESNT Project. However, the molecular basis underlying how the invasive population adapted to the climate of northern China during the invasion remains largely unknown. Here, we compared the cold tolerance and transcriptomic changes to cold stress in source (Yangtze River estuary) and northernmost invasive (Zhaoyang Lake) populations to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying this climate adaptation. Our results revealed significantly enhanced cold tolerance in the invasive compared to the source population (CTmin: 7.11 °C vs 10.66 °C). Transcriptome analysis revealed 56 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with similar expression patterns across all tissues and populations, suggesting their core roles in the cold response of Taenioides sp. Meanwhile, multiple DEGs exhibit population-specific expression profiles, indicating their involvement in divergent cold tolerance. Further WGCNA analyses revealed a subset of cold-response hub genes associated with muscle structure and thermogenesis (e.g., MYO18B) exhibiting a distinct expression profile in the invasive population under cold stress, highlighting their roles in the evolution of enhanced cold tolerance. Our findings provided novel insights into the molecular basis of thermal adaptation underpinning the northward invasion of Taenioides sp. in a hydraulic-project-facilitating context, thus had important implications for predicting their invasive potential and developing management strategies for their effective control. Further analyses regarding how genetic and epigenetic forces have driven population-distinct gene expression regulation and, hence, divergent thermal adaptation will be necessary in the future.},
}
@article {pmid41416836,
year = {2026},
author = {French, RK and Pichlmueller, F and Waller, SJ and Dubrulle, J and Tuxford, J and Veale, A and Geoghegan, JL},
title = {Viral surveillance of invasive mammals in New Zealand reveals unique viral lineages reflecting their introduction history.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {100},
number = {1},
pages = {e0144025},
pmid = {41416836},
issn = {1098-5514},
support = {RDF-20-UOO-007//New Zealand Royal Society Rutherford Discovery Fellowship/ ; APSF24008//The Australia &amp; Pacific Science Foundation/ ; 3723891//New Zealand Predator Free 2050/ ; //University of Otago Research Grant/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Ferrets/virology ; *Viruses/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; *Introduced Species ; *Mammals/virology ; *Virus Diseases/virology/veterinary/epidemiology ; Hedgehogs/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Introduced mammalian species in Aotearoa New Zealand pose significant ecological risks and may serve as reservoirs for novel or emerging infectious diseases. In this study, we present the first metatranscriptomic survey of viruses in five introduced mammals: ferrets (Mustela furo), stoats (Mustela erminea), weasels (Mustela nivalis), brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), and European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus), sampled across both the North and South Islands. Through total RNA sequencing, we identified 11 mammalian-infecting viruses spanning eight viral families, including four novel virus species: Ferret mastadenovirus, Possum astrovirus, Ferret pestivirus, and Weasel jeilongvirus. Whole genomes were recovered for six of these viruses, enabling detailed phylogenetic analysis. Notably, we observed strong global geographic clustering in both Wobbly possum disease virus and Ferret hepatitis E virus, suggesting localized viral evolution following the introduction of their hosts into New Zealand. In addition, the detection of Human rotavirus A in hedgehogs highlights the possibility of reverse zoonotic transmission. Together, these findings broaden our understanding of the viral diversity harbored by New Zealand's introduced mammals and provide a critical foundation for future biocontrol and disease surveillance efforts.IMPORTANCEIntroduced mammals in Aotearoa New Zealand not only threaten native biodiversity through predation and competition, but also represent a largely overlooked source of infectious disease risk. Viruses circulating in these species may spill over into native wildlife, livestock, or even humans, while human viruses can also establish in introduced animals and create new reservoirs. Understanding which viruses are present, and how they evolve in isolated host populations, is critical for anticipating future disease outbreaks, improving biosecurity, and guiding wildlife management strategies. This work provides foundational knowledge that links ecology, conservation, and health, highlighting the need to consider pathogens as part of the broader impact of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41415003,
year = {2025},
author = {Lai, LC and Hsu, CB},
title = {Behavioral Variation in Individual and Group Exploration of the Tropical Fire ant Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {e35},
pmid = {41415003},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {In social insects, variations in worker behavior at both individual and group levels allow for rapid responses to environmental changes. The individual and group exploration behaviors of the tropical fire ant Solenopsis geminata were investigated in this study. Here we examined the time individual workers spent exploring four different food items, the types of food they discovered, and the dwell time (the duration spent on each food item). We also examined whether individual variations in exploratory behavior influence group-level exploratory behavior. In the individual exploration assay, there were significant effects of nest and food on the dwell time. The average exploratory time taken by workers in the group exploration assay showed no significant difference between experienced and inexperienced workers in Nest 1. However, a significant difference was found between the groups in Nest 2. Here, observations showed that S. geminata workers in the group could find the food more quickly than individual workers. Our work suggested that varying degrees of exploratory behavior exist among individual workers and groups, which may potentially impact foraging efficiency and resource utilization. The tropical fire ant, S. geminata, is a globally invasive species that has been introduced to Taiwan for over 40 years. Incorporating an analysis of exploratory behavior into the study of invasive species allows us to better understand the mechanisms driving their progression.},
}
@article {pmid41414962,
year = {2025},
author = {D'Auria, EM and Dietschler, NJ and Bittner, TD and Caetano, IAL and Whitmore, MC},
title = {Methods for collecting and rearing three sympatric biocontrol agents of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in eastern North America.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {41414962},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {CM04068//New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/ ; 23-DG-11094200-496//USDA Forest Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Coleoptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Hemiptera ; North America ; Tsuga ; Biological Control Agents ; },
abstract = {A decline in global forest health, due in part to the spread of insect pests, has prompted research into effective, sustainable, and economically feasible solutions to manage forest pests, including the use of classical biological control. Among the top 5 imperiled tree species in North America, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) is impacted by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, accidentally introduced from southern Japan. Three specialist natural enemies of A. tsugae found on western hemlock woolly adelgid in western North America have been deemed promising biological control agents and approved for release-2 species of silver fly, Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and Leucotaraxis piniperda (Malloch), and a beetle, Laricobius nigrinus Fender. Supplying quantities of these predators needed for research and release has special challenges given their dietary and habitat needs. We have developed novel collection and rearing methods for producing these 3 predators simultaneously in large numbers as part of a rearing and release strategy in eastern North America.},
}
@article {pmid41414888,
year = {2026},
author = {Cao, G and Liu, Y and Wang, L and Song, C and Meng, S and Xu, D and Ma, J},
title = {Potassium Ferrate as a Novel Anti-Biofouling Agent for Invasive Freshwater Mussels: Multi-Omics Insights and Pilot-Scale Validation.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {60},
number = {3},
pages = {2703-2716},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5c07218},
pmid = {41414888},
issn = {1520-5851},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biofouling/prevention &amp; control ; *Bivalvia ; *Potassium Compounds ; Fresh Water ; *Iron Compounds ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Invasive species like freshwater mussels extensively colonize water distribution systems, posing a significant threat to the safety and performance of hydraulic infrastructure. The demand for innovative technologies that balance efficacy, environmental safety, and sustainability for biofouling control is growing. This study explores the potential of potassium ferrate [Fe(VI)], a green oxidant, as an effective antifouling agent. Using Limnoperna fortunei as a model organism, we demonstrated that Fe(VI) exerts dose-dependent control over biofouling. Larval viability decreased by 62.48% (p < 0.05) after 1 h of exposure to 0.1 mg·L[-1], while adult mussels exposed to concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.7 mg·L[- 1] for 7 days exhibited up to a 78.79% loss in byssal tensile strength. Further analyses suggested that Fe(VI) induced oxidative stress, microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic disruption, and downregulation of protein synthesis, collectively impairing mussel viability. Moreover, Fe(VI) directly oxidizes structural proteins in the byssus and enhances iron complexation with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) residues at the plaque interface, leading to impaired adhesive capacity. The effectiveness, safety, and environmental compatibility of Fe(VI) were further validated in pilot-scale trials at an operational water treatment facility. This study underscores the promise of Fe(VI) as a sustainable and efficient green strategy for mitigating mussel biofouling in hydraulic systems─especially in water treatment facilities with stringent water quality requirements.},
}
@article {pmid41414652,
year = {2025},
author = {Winkowski, JJ and Crosson, LM and Olden, JD},
title = {Unraveling multipredator impacts in salmon-bearing rivers using quantitative DNA metabarcoding.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {8},
pages = {e70158},
pmid = {41414652},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Washington State Department of Ecology/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Rivers ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; *Salmon/physiology ; *Food Chain ; *Introduced Species ; Predatory Behavior ; Bass/physiology ; Northwestern United States ; },
abstract = {Ecological impacts of invasive species are mounting as their numbers and geographic extent continue to increase. Across extensive parts of their range, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) smolts face an expanding gauntlet of nonnative predators during their seaward migration. Adopting multispecies, spatiotemporal perspectives is essential for understanding direct and indirect predation risks and prioritizing management actions seeking to reduce impacts. Using quantitative DNA metabarcoding, we investigated trophic interactions of commonly co-occurring nonnative and native fish predators of Pacific Northwest, USA, salmon-bearing rivers, addressing challenges for salmon recovery and questions related to single-species management. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were frequently consumed by nonnative smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), and native northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis). Among the focal predators, Chinook salmon were the largest contributors to smallmouth bass diets, ranking as their second most important prey. Chinook salmon consumption peaked during a year of relatively high smolt abundance, low discharge, and warm stream temperatures. The following year, under opposite conditions, Chinook salmon consumption declined, though predation remained disproportionately high in certain mainstem and tributary regions. Native species of conservation concern were frequently consumed by nonnative predators, including imperiled native lamprey (family Petromyzontidae). Across space and time, native prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) and largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) were generally the highest contributing prey for nonnative predators. Intraguild predation was prevalent, most notably with smallmouth bass as the top prey for northern pikeminnow. Intraguild predation highlights potential risks of compensatory effects when predators are managed in isolation. Our study provides crucial insights into restoring food webs for native species while minimizing the likelihood of compensatory effects and demonstrates the value of quantitative DNA metabarcoding for understanding novel predator assemblages. As ecosystems worldwide face increasing pressures from co-occurring invasive species, integrating multispecies approaches into management strategies is essential for mitigating impacts and conserving biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41414642,
year = {2025},
author = {Themba, NN and Themba, ST and Cuthbert, RN and Moyo, S and Mofu, L and Munyai, LF and Wu, N and Dalu, T},
title = {Microplastic assessment approaches for African freshwater biota: a review.},
journal = {Integrated environmental assessment and management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/inteam/vjaf195},
pmid = {41414642},
issn = {1551-3793},
abstract = {Microplastic pollution is a growing global concern with direct and indirect environmental health impacts. Africa hosts some of the most heavily polluted water bodies, exacerbated by limited management resources and research capacities. To evaluate the state-of-the-art in African freshwater microplastics approaches, we review studies that assessed pollution in freshwater organisms and appraise the field sampling and laboratory techniques used. Thirty-seven studies were included that analysed the status of microplastic concentration, ingestion, and abundance in African freshwater organisms. Of these, 11 studies conducted experimental work in laboratory settings, whereas the remainder were field-based. Studies were biased taxonomically and geographically, with 24 on fish, 10 on macroinvertebrates, and one each on birds and amphibians, and with studies predominantly in a few countries, mainly South Africa. Most of the studies were thus conducted in southern Africa, followed by east Africa, finding fibres to be the most dominant microplastic type, followed by fragments. Laboratory studies predominantly used pellets, polystyrene microbeads, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon 66, and polyethylene terephthalate to determine their impact on organisms such as Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia sparrmanii, Daphnia magna, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Tetrahymena thermophila. Microplastic extraction and separation from fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates are mostly done using potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric acid (HNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Furthermore, instrumental analytical techniques for microplastics included the use of microscopes and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) or attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for polymer verification. Although Africa ranks highly in unmanaged plastic waste, studies on the prevalence of freshwater microplastics and their interactions with freshwater organisms in natural ecosystems remain scarce. Therefore, it is recommended that more studies are conducted to address the substantial gap, given the importance of freshwater biota in biomonitoring, especially in countries with a complete absence of studies on freshwater microplastic pollution.},
}
@article {pmid41413444,
year = {2025},
author = {Hookabe, N and Hiruta, SF and Yabuki, A and Yoshino, H and Hisasue, Y and Sawada, N and Ueshima, R and Kajihara, H},
title = {Unrecognized species-level diversity of terrestrial nemerteans in the UNESCO world heritage Ogasawara Islands revealed by mitogenomics.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {135},
pmid = {41413444},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {23KJ2222//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 25K09751//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Japan ; Islands ; *Invertebrates/genetics/classification/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Biodiversity ; Phylogeny ; *Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The terrestrial ribbon worm Geonemertes pelaensis Semper, 1863 (phylum Nemertea) is widely reported from tropical regions worldwide. In Japan, this species has been recorded from subtropical islands including the Ogasawara Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site south of Tokyo recognized for its unique biodiversity, where it has been implicated in the decline of native soil invertebrates. Here, we demonstrate that the nemerteans in the Ogasawara Islands are genetically and morphologically distinct from those found on Yonaguni Island (Okinawa, Japan), indicating the presence of at least two separate species in Japan.<br><br>RESULTS: We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of both populations (18,755&#xa0;bp for Ogasawara; 31,745&#xa0;bp for Yonaguni), revealing substantial differences in genome size and gene arrangement. The mitochondrial genome of the Yonaguni population is unusually large, exceeding typical sizes reported for metazoans. Uncorrected p-distances in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) sequences between the two populations ranged from 6.75 to 8.59%, which is above the widely used threshold for intraspecific variation in nemerteans. Morphological comparisons also support species-level distinction: live specimens from Yonaguni have a pale body with a prominent mid-dorsal stripe (body width-to-stripe ratio: 1:0.078-0.110), whereas individuals from Ogasawara are pale to light brown with a narrower and fading stripe (ratio: 1:0.042-0.050). Moreover, accessory-stylet pouches differ between populations: Yonaguni specimens possess four to five pouches, each containing 3-5 stylets, while Ogasawara specimens have two pouches, each with two stylets. Examination of museum specimens collected in the 1980s from Chichijima showed the extremely similar external morphology as our recent Ogasawara specimens, indicating that this form has been the only Geonemertes species in the Ogasawara Islands for nearly half a century.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the presence of species-level diversity in Japanese terrestrial nemerteans and demonstrate that accurate species identification using molecular barcodes is essential in insular ecosystems. Recognizing cryptic or pseudocryptic lineages is critical for effective biodiversity monitoring and for preventing mismanagement in ecologically sensitive regions such as the Ogasawara Islands.},
}
@article {pmid41413441,
year = {2025},
author = {Campos, M and Lee, Y and Brisco, K and Crepeau, M and Cornel, AJ and Lanzaro, GC},
title = {Genetics of range expansion and admixture of Aedes aegypti populations in California.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {1135},
pmid = {41413441},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {2022-70006-38002//Southern IPM Center working group grant as part of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Crop Protection and Pest Management Regional Coordination Program/ ; 7007941//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture multi-state Hatch Project/ ; 1U01CK000516//Pacific Southwest Regional Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ ; R35 GM156217/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R35GM156217/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CK000516/CK/NCEZID CDC HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Aedes/genetics/virology ; Animals ; California ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Insect ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The mosquito Aedes aegypti, a key vector for arboviruses including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, was first detected in California in 2013 and has since expanded northward. This study examines the genetic structure of California populations and, based on that structure, proposes potential mechanisms driving their invasion across the state.<br><br>RESULTS: A whole-genome analysis of 181 individuals, including 49 newly sequenced from recently established populations in Northern California, corroborates previously described genetic structure and reveals the origins of these populations. Many northern populations shared ancestry with Southern California populations, suggesting passive dispersal. Additionally, we observed significant genetic admixture between divergent clusters in the Central Valley, associated with increased nucleotide diversity, which may enhance adaptive potential. We describe the effects of range expansion and genetic admixture on divergent ancestral lineages and discuss the importance of human-mediated dispersal in the spread of this invasive species.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results illustrate the utility of genomic tools in surveillance programs for tracking dispersal patterns. Such strategies can contribute to mitigating the growing public health threat posed by Ae. aegypti's continued expansion in California, particularly as locally acquired arbovirus cases increase.},
}
@article {pmid41411015,
year = {2025},
author = {Singh, P and MacQuarrie, CJK and Smith, SM},
title = {A novel bioassay to assess the non-target impacts of insecticide exposure on a larval endoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf341},
pmid = {41411015},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//Natural Resources Canada/ ; //University of Toronto/ ; //NSERC Discovery/ ; },
abstract = {Pest management strategies for invasive species like the emerald ash borer (EAB) must combine chemical control with biological control agents to protect vulnerable hosts. When used in tandem with biological control agents, however, systemic insecticides may impact the fitness of biological control agents, thus reducing their effectiveness. Systemic insecticides are used for EAB management in urban forests across North America, while classical biocontrol with introduced natural enemies has been an important tactic for managing EAB in natural forests in North America. We tested the non-target effects of azadirachtin on Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang, a larval parasitoid of EAB introduced to North America. A novel bioassay protocol was developed whereby EAB larvae were initially reared on host material in the laboratory and then temporarily transferred to an artificial EAB diet containing azadirachtin followed by exposure to parasitism by T. planipennisi. Exposure to azadirachtin at concentrations causing 30% and 50% mortality in EAB larvae reduced EAB larval parasitism by T. planipennisi. Exposure to azadirachtin also reduced T. planipennisi's sex ratio, adult emergence, female body size, potential fecundity, and adult longevity. These results suggest there are negative interactions between systemic insecticides and EAB biological control agents, which present challenges for the integration of tactics for long-term EAB management.},
}
@article {pmid41410824,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, B and Kong, D and Zhang, G and Huang, C and Zhang, G and Wan, F},
title = {Genome-wide Characterization of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) Genes in Tuta (Phthorimaea) Absoluta: Insights into Thermal Stress Response.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {125},
pmid = {41410824},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {2022YFC2601000//the National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; 2021YFD1400200//the National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; No. S2025XM32//Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ ; KFG202421//the Project of the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; *Heat-Shock Response/genetics ; *Moths/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; *Genome, Insect ; *Insect Proteins/genetics ; },
abstract = {The tomato leafminer Tuta (Phthorimaea) absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a highly destructive invasive pest of tomato. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are key molecular chaperones that mediate insect responses to environmental stress. Despite their central role, a comprehensive characterization of HSP genes in T. absoluta has been lacking. This study presents the first genome-wide identification of HSP genes in T. absoluta. Here, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of T. absoluta HSP genes. In total, 58 HSP genes were identified, including 23 sHSPs, 10 HSP60s, 20 HSP70s, and five HSP90s. Coding sequence lengths ranged from 405 to 3,741 base pairs, encoding proteins of 103-475 amino acids. Gene structure analysis showed that 58% of these HSPs lacked introns. Chromosomal mapping revealed multiple tandem duplications, particularly within the sHSP and HSP70 families. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that T. absoluta HSPs clustered by subfamily with strong conservation. RT-qPCR revealed significant upregulation of several HSP70 genes (TaHSP70-8, TaHSP70-9, TaHSP70-11, TaHSP70-12, TaHSP70-13, TaHSP70-14, TaHSP70-17, and TaHSP70-18) under high-temperature stress. These findings provide the first comprehensive catalog of HSPs in T. absoluta, establishing a molecular framework for future studies on stress adaptation and offering insights for pest management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41409089,
year = {2025},
author = {Scavo Lord, K and Bennett-Smith, M and Novak, AB},
title = {Extensive Fouling of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Reproductive Shoots by Invasive Tunicates-A Potential Threat to Meadow Reproductive Output?.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {e72663},
pmid = {41409089},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Over the past few decades, several invasive tunicate species have become pervasive pests in many of New England's coastal habitats. Their aggressive fouling can have detrimental effects on photosynthesis and growth of eelgrass, Zostera marina L. particularly during their peak growing season. Here, we document through field observations and photographs the extensive fouling of seed-bearing Z. marina reproductive shoots by invasive tunicates in a Cape Cod meadow during late spring/early summer 2025. Such fouling may block seed release and/or inhibit dispersal, which may reduce meadow reproductive success. The level of fouling observed has not been previously observed at this site. To our knowledge, in New England, colonization of eelgrass reproductive shoots by tunicates has not been previously documented. We conducted preliminary surveys to assess the level of coverage and provide a baseline for future work. Whether or not shifts in the peak abundance of tunicates are occurring merits further study, but could be driven by increasing water temperatures due to climate change. Long-term temperature data in Little Pleasant Bay indicate that water temperatures have increased by approximately 0.084°C since 2006. If aggressive fouling of reproductive shoots negatively affects reproductive output, then earlier peaks in tunicate abundance may significantly reduce meadow reproductive success and threaten long-term persistence.},
}
@article {pmid41407183,
year = {2026},
author = {Gomes-Silva, G and Cyubahiro, E and Liu, K and Chen, B and Santana Vieira Santos, V and Wronski, T and Barbosa Pereira, B and Oliveira Júnior, RJ and Inés Segura-Muñoz, S and Riesch, R and Plath, M},
title = {Male nuptial ornamentation of invasive guppies (Poecilia reticulata) responds to water pollution via phenotypic plasticity and microevolutionary change.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {390},
number = {},
pages = {127541},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127541},
pmid = {41407183},
issn = {1873-6424},
mesh = {Animals ; *Poecilia/physiology ; Male ; Brazil ; Phenotype ; Introduced Species ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity/analysis ; Biological Evolution ; *Water Pollution ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species are increasingly replacing native species, with human habitat alterations often favoring invasive taxa. The Brazilian Rio Uberabinha, for instance, was found to harbor more invasive guppies (Poecilia reticulata) at polluted than non-polluted sites. Studies in other regions reported numeric frequencies of certain nuptial color ornaments of guppy males to either in- or decrease along pollution gradients, which has been interpreted to largely reflect population differences of (heritable) male ornamentation patterns. But could plasticity play an additional, or possibly even greater role in creating phenotypic variation of nuptial ornaments? Here, we examined male guppies along a gradient of diffuse water pollution of domestic and industrial origins in the Rio Uberabinha and quantified not only the number of ornaments (and percentage body cover), but also population differences in color intensity (total coloration, ΔE). The latter metric likely reflects plasticity during ornament development, e.g., through general challenges to physiological homeostasis or suppression of male ornamentation following xenestrogen exposure. We found numbers and % body cover of violet ornaments to increase as water pollution intensified. Black, orange, blue and violet ornaments responded to additional components of environmental variation that were not the focus of our present study (e.g., stream velocity, dissolved oxygen). Moreover, we found systematic variation of ΔE along the examined pollution gradient in the case of white/iridescent ornaments, with fish becoming more brightly colored at more polluted sites, possibly related to an alteration of uric acid and guanine biosynthesis and/or accumulation. White/iridescent and green ornaments also responded to additional components of environmental variation. Hence, it appears that both, plasticity and evolutionary changes, jointly create phenotypic diversification of different ornament types. Our study provides novel insights into the manifold ways by which man-made habitat alterations can alter evolutionary trajectories (here: components of sexual selection) of the populations exposed to them.},
}
@article {pmid41405920,
year = {2025},
author = {Munhoz, RR and Athayde, ACS and Pimentel, CR and Rolim, FA and Pereira-Filho, GH and Dos Santos Motta, F},
title = {Establishment and population expansion of the non-native Azores chromis (Chromis limbata) in the subtropical southwestern Atlantic.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {5},
pages = {1788-1793},
pmid = {41405920},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {2019/19423-5//FAPESP/ ; 2023/11845-3//FAPESP/ ; #23089102938/2019-54//Instituto Linha D'&#xe1;gua and Petrobras/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; Atlantic Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {This study documents new records and the spatial-temporal progression of the non-native Azores chromis (Chromis limbata) in southeastern Brazil, particularly on the coast of São Paulo state. We report the first confirmed occurrence of C. limbata in the Alcatrazes Archipelago and document that, in recent years, its abundance has exceeded that of the native brown chromis (Azurina multilineata). These findings indicate potential shifts in the taxonomic composition of reef fish communities and highlights the importance of further research to understand the processes driving these patterns and their ecological implications.},
}
@article {pmid41401610,
year = {2026},
author = {Medina-Lorenzo, E and Hernández-Cordero, AI and Sanromualdo-Collado, A and García-Romero, L},
title = {Ecological and human-induced factors driving the invasion of Neurada procumbens in a protected coastal dune ecosystem: insights from chorological analysis within an environmental management framework.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {397},
number = {},
pages = {128339},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128339},
pmid = {41401610},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; Spain ; },
abstract = {The management of invasive alien species represents a major challenge for the administration of protected natural areas. Understanding the factors that influence the spread of such taxa is essential for designing effective control and eradication strategies. This study investigates the interplay between abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic factors and the increasing distribution and abundance of Neurada procumbens, an invasive psammophilous plant species, within a protected arid aeolian sedimentary system subject to intensive tourist activity. Based on the comparative results of two chorological inventories conducted 16 years apart, we analysed the colonization dynamics of the taxon and contrasted these with the environmental factors considered to influence the colonization success of N. procumbens. Chorological cartography was applied to 417 UTM grid cells, and abundance increases were categorized to support statistical analysis. Eco-anthropic variables were derived from GIS-based zonal statistics, including aeolian sediment transport, vegetation density, and trail density. Correlation analyses revealed that aeolian sedimentary dynamics are the primary limiting factor for the expansion of the species in the Maspalomas dune field (Canary Islands, Spain). Vegetation density also showed a biotic resistance effect, while trail density indicates a propagule dispersal factor, particularly in newly colonized areas near urban access points. Given its dominance in stabilized dune areas and its expansion over 16 years, the inclusion of N. procumbens in the Spanish Catalogue of Invasive Alien Species is recommended. These insights are currently informing management actions for the monitoring and control of this invasive alien species in the Maspalomas Dunes Special Nature Reserve.},
}
@article {pmid41399495,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, YJ and Qin, S and Ji, ML and Hu, J and Wang, J and Shi, XD and Gong, ZY and Ma, FZ},
title = {A niche-based framework for assessing invasion risks in related pest species with a case study.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {28},
number = {12},
pages = {114016},
pmid = {41399495},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Invasive pests threaten agriculture, yet risks from related non-invasive species are understudied. We constructed a framework integrating species distribution models (biomod2), niche analysis, and multivariate environmental similarity surface (MESS) to assess the invasion risk of Carpomya incompleta into habitats of its congeneric quarantine pest, C. vesuviana. We identified C. incompleta's environmentally host-coupled zones (EHCZs), dispersal simulation zones (DSZs), and synergistic hazard zones (SHZs) with C. vesuviana, and quantified niche overlaps between C. incompleta's DSZs and its potential habitats, plus between DSZs and C. vesuviana's habitats under future climate scenarios. Results confirmed significant niche consistency between C. incompleta's DSZs and its potential distribution (Schoener's D = 0.66). High niche overlap existed between both species (D = 0.62), persisting under SSP585 (D = 0.663). The framework effectively captures C. incompleta's ecological requirements, confirming its high, climate-persistent invasion risk into C. vesuviana's habitats, providing a predictive tool for early warning and biosecurity planning.},
}
@article {pmid41398181,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, D and Lv, T and Li, Y and Yu, H and Yu, D and Liu, C},
title = {Functional trait variations of the invasive plant Alternanthera Philoxeroides and the native plant Ludwigia peploides under nitrogen addition.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {43799},
pmid = {41398181},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2042020kf1025//The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities./ ; 2042020kf1025//The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities./ ; 2042020kf1025//The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities./ ; 2042020kf1025//The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities./ ; 2042020kf1025//The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities./ ; 2042020kf1025//The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities./ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Amaranthaceae/growth &amp; development/physiology/drug effects ; *Introduced Species ; Plant Roots/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Plant Leaves/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Biomass ; Seedlings/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Quantifying the variation and coordination patterns of plant functional traits across different organs under environmental changes is crucial for understanding plant invasion and adaptation mechanisms. This study employed a space-for-time substitution experiment to compare the differential responses of root and leaf functional traits and their coordination in the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and the native plant Ludwigia peploides to nitrogen addition during different invasion degree. The results showed that: (1) nitrogen addition promoted the growth of both species, with A. philoxeroides exhibited greater biomass sensitivity. Compared to the positive effects of nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen addition facilitated A. philoxeroides in displacing L. peploides in communities with 50% (2 A. philoxeroides seedlings) and 75% (3 A. philoxeroides seedlings) invasion degree. (2) invasion degree, nitrogen addition, and their interaction significantly influenced most root and leaf traits of both species. But the two species differed markedly in their response of root and leaf traits to environmental factors. (3) The correlations between root traits, leaf traits, and total biomass were stronger in A. philoxeroides than in L. peploides, as were the linkages between root and leaf traits. Under environmental changes, the two species exhibited distinct adaptive strategies in root and leaf traits, with A. philoxeroides's trait advantages likely contributing to its invasion success. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that nitrogen deposition facilitates alien plant invasion, particularly in mixed communities experiencing moderate to severe invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41395996,
year = {2025},
author = {Martynova, AA and Wu, J and Sun, SC and Chernyshev, AV},
title = {Nemerteans Emplectonema ex gr. gracile (Johnston 1837) (Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera) from the Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, and Yellow Sea.},
journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1080/24701394.2025.2602435},
pmid = {41395996},
issn = {2470-1408},
abstract = {An analysis of partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 39 specimens of Emplectonema ex gr. gracile from the Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, and Yellow Sea has shown that almost all the studied specimens from the first two seas belong to Emplectonema viride, which is also distributed along the Pacific coast of North America. In the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan, only three haplotypes for this species have been identified, all differing from the haplotypes sampled from off the North American coast. One specimen from the Sea of Japan (Spokoinaya Bay, southern Primorsky Krai, Russia) and all the specimens from the Yellow Sea belong to E. gracile. Of the six haplotypes of Pacific E. gracile, four are also found in the Atlantic Ocean. It has been suggested that E. gracile is an invasive species to the Pacific Ocean.},
}
@article {pmid41392522,
year = {2026},
author = {Lo Parrino, E and Cantera, I and Guerrieri, A and Barzaghi, B and Falaschi, M and Muraro, M and Pozzi, S and Manenti, R and Ficetola, GF},
title = {Quantitative Metabarcoding Reveals the Effects of Ecological Factors and Invasive Species on Functional Diversity of Freshwater Insects.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {e70209},
doi = {10.1111/mec.70209},
pmid = {41392522},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {101052342//Biodiversa+/ ; G43C22001370007//NextGenerationEU/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; *Insecta/genetics/classification ; Fresh Water ; Italy ; Biomass ; Astacoidea ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Aquatic insects are the most biodiverse freshwater animals. DNA metabarcoding data are increasingly used to assess variation in insect communities, but they are rarely integrated with information on the abundance or biomass of different taxa that can provide key insights into their functional responses. Here, we combined organismal metabarcoding and biomass estimates of different clades of aquatic insects to assess how different facets of their biodiversity (taxonomic and functional diversity; species traits) are affected by multiple stressors, including invasive species, drought and variation in vegetation. In 44 waterbodies in Northern Italy, we measured environmental features (e.g., pond surface, hydroperiod, and the presence of the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii) and collected insect specimens. Specimens were weighed and then used for DNA metabarcoding. The relationship between biomass of seven insect orders and their relative abundance in metabarcoding data was used to obtain quantitative estimates of taxa biomasses across communities and to extract multiple diversity measures. Different facets of biodiversity showed distinct responses to the environmental stressors. The taxonomic diversity of insect communities strongly responded to aquatic vegetation, while functional diversity was more sensitive to the invasive crayfish. Total insect biomass was negatively related to fish presence, but insects with different functional traits showed specific responses to environmental features. Our results show that integrating metabarcoding data with biomass estimates can improve our understanding of community responses to multiple stressors and highlight the importance of considering multiple measures of diversity to get a comprehensive assessment of aquatic insects' responses to environmental variation.},
}
@article {pmid41391788,
year = {2026},
author = {Kingsbury, JM and Laroche, O and Pochon, X and Zaiko, A and Lear, G and Weaver, L and Gaw, S and Masterton, H and Doake, F and Audrézet, F and Wallbank, J and Maday, SDM and Bridson, JH and Abbel, R and Donaldson, L and Risani, R and Theobald, B and Dunlop, R and Northcott, GL and Pantos, O},
title = {Plastic physico-chemical properties shape the early marine plastisphere.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {390},
number = {},
pages = {127532},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127532},
pmid = {41391788},
issn = {1873-6424},
mesh = {*Plastics/chemistry/analysis ; *Seawater/microbiology/chemistry ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/toxicity/chemistry ; New Zealand ; Diatoms ; Bacteria/classification ; Environmental Monitoring ; Biofilms ; Ecosystem ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Oceanic plastic pollution provides surfaces for microbial biofilm development, which may potentiate ecosystem dysbiosis by releasing toxins, providing carbon for microbial growth, and transporting pathogens and invasive species. This study investigated how plastic type, physico-chemical characteristics, ultraviolet-ageing, water temperature, depth and submersion duration (up to twelve weeks) influence marine plastisphere communities across Aotearoa New Zealand. Initial colonisation was dominated by diatoms, with network analyses identifying keystone diatom taxa such as Bacillariaceae during the first week, followed by bacterial taxa such as Sulfurovum by week two. Early-stage community composition differed between seawater and hard surfaces (plastic and glass), and between plastics. Bacterial alpha-diversity was reduced on more hydrophobic plastics, while beta-diversity was influenced by manganese and zinc content (for bacteria), and crystallinity (for diatoms and bacteria). Random Block-Forest modelling revealed distinct microbial associations with polyamide and polyolefins (LLDPE and oxo-LLDPE), whereas PET exhibited lower taxonomic specificity and was frequently misclassified as PLA, its fellow polyester. Considering risk species, the pathogen Balamuthia was present on plastics but not from seawater, and the non-indigenous tunicates Ciona savigny and Ascidiella aspersa, and plant pathogen Puccinia graminis, were important plastic-specific indicator species. Our findings contribute to a holistic understanding of how plastic physico-chemical properties shape marine plastisphere dynamics and succession. They also highlight how plastics act as selective substrates for harmful and invasive species, posing risks to biodiversity, ecosystems, and marine industries.},
}
@article {pmid41390599,
year = {2025},
author = {Šumbera, R and Kraus, A and Mikula, O and Okrouhlík, J and Measey, J and Begall, S and Bennett, NC and Zöttl, M and Herrel, A and Lövy, M},
title = {Breeding male mole-rats (Fukomys) use strong bites to defend reproductive monopoly.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {66},
pmid = {41390599},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {20-10222S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky (Grant Agency of the Czech Republic)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; Female ; *Mole Rats/physiology ; *Bite Force ; *Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Breeding ; },
abstract = {Bite force is a simple trait indicating an animal's performance related to foraging, social dominance, and defence, all of which influence individual reproductive success. We examine the effect of breeding status on bite force in four social species of Fukomys, a genus of subterranean African rodents (Bathyergidae). These species are cooperative breeders, where reproduction is limited typically to a breeding pair. We collected in vivo bite force data, head width, and upper incisors width from 404 individuals from 75 families and tested whether breeders exhibit stronger bite force. We reveal that breeding males of all four species outperform non-breeders, with bite force in non-breeding males and females being 12% and 22% lower, respectively. In contrast, breeding females underperform relative to other categories, with bite force approximately 31% lower than in breeding males, and many are reluctant to bite. Head width and upper incisors width corroborate these findings. We propose that breeding males require a stronger bite force because of repeated competition with non-related males that may try to enter the family. In contrast, there is much less competition for the breeding position among females, as females rarely intrude into established families.},
}
@article {pmid41390596,
year = {2025},
author = {Wrońska-Pilarek, D and Lechowicz, K and Banaś, K and Myśliwy, M and Tokarska-Guzik, B and Krzysztofiak, L and Wiatrowska, B},
title = {Pollen morphology of three invasive Impatiens species in Europe under varying habitat conditions-a case study from Poland.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2729},
pmid = {41390596},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Pollen/anatomy &amp; histology ; Poland ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Impatiens/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; Europe ; },
abstract = {The effect of the habitat conditions on the pollen features of invasive species has not been studied so far, and may affect the quality of their generative reproduction and contribute to the development of more effective methods of their control. Three species invasive in Europe and Poland were selected for the study - Impatiens parviflora DC., Impatiens glandulifera Royle and Impatiens capensis Meerb. The morphology and intraspecific variability of pollen grains in three Impatiens species growing under different habitat conditions were examined. Specimens were sampled from 198 sites throughout Poland, covering 10 ecologically distinct habitat types. In total, 5940 pollen grains were analysed in respect to the length of the polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), exine thickness (Exp), P/E, Exp/P ratios, and exine ornamentation and ectocolpi arrangement. Our research showed that the three studied species can be distinguished based on their palynomorphology. The most important traits were: exine ornamentation and ectocolpi arrangement, pollen size (P, E) and exine thickness (Exp). A relationship between the habitat conditions prevailing in the analysed habitats and the pollen grain characteristics was found, especially in I. glandulifera. In this species pollen size (P, E) increases in the optimal habitat conditions such as edges of reservoirs and watercourses, and decreases in the suboptimal habitat conditions such as anthropogenic habitats. A similar pattern is observed in I. parviflora, where optimal habitats such as mesic mixed coniferous forest favour larger pollen grains, whereas suboptimal habitats like swamp forest are associated with reduced pollen size. In I. capensis, optimal conditions also correspond to edges of watercourses, while suboptimal conditions include swamp forest. Additionally, exine thickness (Exp) may represent an adaptive trait, reflecting plant response to growth and development in unfavorable environments.},
}
@article {pmid41387894,
year = {2025},
author = {Osman, T and Chiuya, T and Fèvre, EM and Junglen, S and Borgemeister, C},
title = {Impact of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) on mosquito abundance and plant-feeding behavior in an arboviral endemic region in Kenya.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {35},
pmid = {41387894},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {TRR 228//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Kenya/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/virology ; *Introduced Species ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Culicidae/physiology ; *Asteraceae/physiology ; *Plant Weeds ; Male ; Ecosystem ; Arboviruses ; Parthenium hysterophorus ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive alien species (IAS) are rapidly altering ecosystems, undermining biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and interspecies interactions. Although IAS ecological and economic effects are well recognised, their impact on mosquito populations and the dynamics of infectious diseases is poorly understood. Plant-derived sugars are crucial for mosquito biology, supporting nectarivorous male survival and enhancing female blood feeding.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we investigated how Parthenium hysterophorus, a rapidly proliferating invasive weed, shapes the population structure and nectar-feeding behaviour of the mosquito vector in the Rift Valley area of Kenya. Across six villages, three heavily infested with P. hysterophorus and three uninfested controls, we collected 48,489 mosquitoes representing 35 species from two subfamilies (Anophelinae and Culicinae) and nine genera, including Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, Mansonia, and Coquillettidia. Mosquito plant feeding was confirmed using the anthrone test, and the ingested flora were identified via DNA barcoding of chloroplast markers, specifically matK, rbcL, and ITS2.<br><br>RESULT: Mosquito abundance was significantly higher in Parthenium-infested villages, particularly during the dry season (p < 0.001), despite similar species diversity across sites. Medically important vectors, including Mansonia africana, Coquillettidia metallicus, Culex pipiens, and Anopheles funestus, were notably more common in invaded habitats. Overall fructose positivity was significantly high in mosquitoes from Parthenium sites (p = 0.046), with females showing especially higher rates (28.1% vs 18.0%; p = 0.0038). DNA barcoding indicated a clear feeding preference for P. hysterophorus among Coq. metallicus, Mn. africana, and An. funestus, alongside other plants such as Lantana camara.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that P. hysterophorus has a notable impact on mosquito population composition and stimulates sugar-feeding behavior among important vector species. This IAS acts as a sustainable nutritional source, potentially enhancing mosquito survival, extending vector activity in dry seasons, and heightening the risk of arboviral disease transmission. The findings highlight the critical need to integrate invasive plant management within comprehensive mosquito control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41387711,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Zhu, F and Lei, C and Yang, H and Li, Y and Li, J and Liu, M and Chen, W},
title = {Near complete T2T genome assembly of the banded goonch (Bagarius rutilus).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {91},
pmid = {41387711},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome ; *Catfishes/genetics ; *Telomere ; },
abstract = {The order Siluriformes, a hyperdiverse teleost clade with over 3,000 species, exemplifies adaptive radiation through significant phenotypic innovations such as aerial respiration. However, the limited availability of high-quality genomes, particularly in underrepresented families such as Sisoridae, has hindered phylogenomic and mechanistic studies of their ecological diversification. Here, we present a nearly complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly of Bagarius rutilus (Banded Goonch) generated by a hybrid sequencing approach integrating PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore ultra-long and Hi-C technologies. The 618.3 Mb genome (contig N50 = 21.06 Mb, scaffold N50 = 25.46 Mb) was resolved into 26 chromosomes, achieving a genome coverage of 98.17%. The quality of the assembly was validated by a BUSCO score of 97.5% (Actinopterygii_odb10) and high conservation of synteny with other catfish species. Based on RNA sequencing, homology-based and de novo annotation, we identified 29,106 protein-coding genes. This chromosome-level genome represents one of the highest quality Siluriformes assemblies to date and provides a critical resource for reconstructing adaptive landscapes and exploring the genetic basis of phenotypic innovation in catfish.},
}
@article {pmid41385925,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, J and Chen, X and Shi, J and Xu, J and She, S and Lu, J},
title = {Multi-data fusion and machine learning for predicting ballast water discharge in ports.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {224},
number = {},
pages = {119095},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119095},
pmid = {41385925},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Machine Learning ; *Ships ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Introduced Species ; Bayes Theorem ; },
abstract = {Although ballast water is essential for vessel stability, its discharge is a major vector for invasive species spread. With stricter regulations, accurate port-level discharge prediction has become critical for governance. This study develops a machine learning framework integrating AIS trajectories, ship attributes, port characteristics, and NBIC records (2021-2023), yielding 4137 samples with 23 features. Five regression models-RF, SVM, LGBM, XGBoost, and EN-were trained with Bayesian hyperparameter tuning via Optuna, under weighted and unweighted schemes. Results show RF achieves the most stable overall performance, while XGBoost improves high-discharge fitting, LGBM captures overall trends but is weight-sensitive, SVM attains high correlation yet struggles with extremes, and EN underfits. Quartile analysis and SHAP interpretation highlight next-voyage distance, vessel-type proportions, and vessel scale (DWT, Draft) as key drivers. Despite limited vessel coverage and ecological variables, the framework demonstrates robust generalizability and supports applications in invasion risk assessment and pollutant migration.},
}
@article {pmid41380357,
year = {2026},
author = {Su, M and Gu, D and Liang, L and Zhou, Z and Zhu, C and Qi, J and Wu, P and Xu, T and Jiang, Z},
title = {Size-dependent and tissue specific accumulation of polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics in zebrafish.},
journal = {Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {291},
number = {},
pages = {107678},
doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107678},
pmid = {41380357},
issn = {1879-1514},
mesh = {Animals ; *Microplastics/toxicity/metabolism/pharmacokinetics ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity/metabolism/pharmacokinetics ; *Polystyrenes/toxicity/metabolism ; *Zebrafish/metabolism ; Particle Size ; Gills/metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; *Nanoparticles/toxicity ; Brain/metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; },
abstract = {As emerging pollutants, micro-nanoplastics (MNPs), have been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems. When engaging with fish species, MNPs can be initially accumulated in fish gills and intestinal tract, followed by subsequent transportation to other tissues and organs through the circulatory system. However, the tissue-specific accumulation of MNPs in relation to size differences remains uncertain. In this study, continuous exposure experiments with MNPs of different particle sizes were conducted to evaluate tissue-specific accumulation and to examine associated biochemical responses. Generally, fish intestine and gills accumulated MNPs of all size, whereas fish muscle and brain only accumulated nano-sized MNPs. Specifically, fish muscle and brain showed significantly higher MNPs enrichment of 25 nm (vs. 250 nm), since they can easily pass through the intercellular spaces or be endocytosed within cells. In terms of time-dependent accumulations, fish intestines and gills exhibited rapid initial uptake followed by fluctuating variations of MNPs as exposing lasted, since these organs possess both a high capacity for MNP accessibility and elimination. However, fish liver and brain showed a monotonic increase in MNPs accumulation with continuous exposure, which can be ascribed to the difficulty in draining the metabolic waste of these organs. When examining toxic effects, both AChE and CYP450 enzyme activities in all exposure groups were significantly higher than the control group, indicating that MNPs triggered neurotoxicity and metabolic detoxification. Our study highlights considering size and tissue-specific accumulations of MNPs when planning MNPs control for fish health and fishery products safety.},
}
@article {pmid41379233,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, AG and Levy, JG and Acevedo, FE and Tamborindeguy, C},
title = {LdEP01, the first characterized Lycorma delicatula salivary effector protein modulates plant defenses.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {191},
pmid = {41379233},
issn = {1573-4978},
support = {McIntire Stennis project 8102-0 under the Accession # 7005263//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula, is a polyphagous invasive species in the United States known for causing significant damage to grapevines. This phloem-feeding insect secretes saliva containing effector proteins at the time of feeding, allowing for the ingestion of the phloem’s nutrients. The mechanisms that SLF uses to modulate plant defenses and feed efficiently remain unknown and understudied. Methods and Results: We identified LdEP01, an SLF predicted secreted effector protein with a FK506 binding protein (FKBP)-type domain and two EF-hand Ca[2+] binding domains. LdEP01 is highly expressed in the salivary glands compared to the SLF’s full body. LdEP01 modulates plant defenses by suppressing cytosolic calcium accumulation and suppressing hypersensitive response (HR). Functional analysis confirmed that LdEP01 binds to calcium but does not undergo conformational change when bound to calcium. Conclusions: These findings suggest that LdEP01 plays a crucial role in modulating plant defenses, allowing SLF to feed efficiently on plants.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-025-11288-3.},
}
@article {pmid41379018,
year = {2026},
author = {Andrews, O and Roycroft, R and Whitmore, M and Salom, S},
title = {Feeding and oviposition studies of Leucotaraxis spp. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), predators of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in relation to increasing prey densities.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf132},
pmid = {41379018},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {21-DG11083150-010//USDA Forest Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Oviposition ; *Diptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Tsuga/growth &amp; development ; Female ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Population Density ; *Food Chain ; Feeding Behavior ; },
abstract = {Two species of Leucotaraxis Gaimari &amp; Havill (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), predators of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (HWA, Hemiptera: Adelgidae) on western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. (Pinales: Pinaceae), in western North America, are currently being investigated as potential biological control agents for HWA in eastern North America. To evaluate their potential for biological control of HWA on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière (Pinales: Pinaceae), we conducted laboratory studies to assess their feeding and oviposition responses to different HWA densities. Leucotaraxis argenticollis Zetterstedt was only assessed on the first of 2 generations of HWA, while Leucotaraxis piniperda Malloch was assessed on both generations of HWA, as their phenology in the eastern United States is unknown. Increasing prey densities of HWA ovisacs were used to assess the oviposition of both species of silver flies. Leucotaraxis argenticollis significantly increased their oviposition in response to an increase in HWA densities on the sistens ovisacs containing progrediens eggs, while Le. piniperda showed no significant response for either generation of HWA. Overall, there was no difference in oviposition rates between species; however, Le. argenticollis laid their eggs more frequently on or under the ovisac than Le. piniperda. Increasing prey densities of HWA ovisacs were utilized to assess the feeding response of Le. argenticollis larval feeding. Leucotaraxis argenticollis significantly increased their feeding in response to increased prey densities. These laboratory studies suggest Le. argenticollis has potential as a biological control agent, and both species warrant further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid41377735,
year = {2025},
author = {Adams, NE and Homola, JJ and Sard, NM and Nathan, LR and Roth, BM and Robinson, JD and Scribner, KT},
title = {Genomic Data Reveal Multiple Introduction Sources and Limited Post-Colonization Gene Flow in Southeast Michigan Invasive Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {e72550},
pmid = {41377735},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Understanding the colonization history and factors associated with changes in distribution and abundance of invasive species is paramount to inform control measures that prevent further spread and facilitate eradication. We investigated spatial patterns in genetic diversity and differentiation of the globally invasive species, the Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) at a recent invasion front in the Detroit metropolitan area of southeast (SE) Michigan, USA. Genomic data based on collections of 763 individuals from 20 waterbodies and 2675 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were used to estimate genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure and to test the hypotheses of gene flow and secondary spread. We identified strong genetic structure, and demographic (coalescent) analysis supported models consistent with multiple introductions from separate genetic lineages. Across the study area, seven genetically distinct clusters were identified. We found evidence of limited dispersal consistent with an isolation-by-distance pattern of gene flow among waterbodies. We also detected evidence of secondary dispersal from early invasive populations consistent with a bridgehead effect. Local landscape features including hydrological features, major land use types, and roads were not predictive of spatial genetic relationships among waterbodies within geographic clusters. Results suggest that the P. clarkii invasion of SE Michigan has proceeded through a combination of repeated introductions and secondary spread at fine spatial scales. The highly developed landscape of the metropolitan Detroit area did not appear to deter the movements of P. clarkii, suggesting further spread is likely.},
}
@article {pmid41377734,
year = {2025},
author = {Melese, D and Aligaz, MA and Ahmed, AS},
title = {Invasion Potential of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton and Xanthium strumarium L. in the Anthropocene of Ethiopia: Implications for Management.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {e72577},
pmid = {41377734},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The spread of invasive species presents a significant global challenge that threatens natural habitats, agricultural productivity, and biodiversity. In Ethiopia, Calotropis procera and Xanthium strumarium are aggressively invasive noxious weeds whose expansion is intensified by human activities and climate change. This study aimed to model the current and future distribution and habitat suitability of these species across Ethiopia to support effective management strategies. An ensemble modelling approach was employed, combining seven algorithms that include both machine learning and regression-based methods, under various settings with ten replications. Predictions were made for current environmental conditions as well as future climate scenarios projected for the 2050s and 2070s. The results showed that human footprint and bioclimatic variables were the most influential predictors of habitat suitability for both species. Under current conditions, approximately 47,652 and 45,901 km[2] were found suitable for Calotropis procera and Xanthium strumarium, respectively, showing a 40% overlap between their ranges. Under future climate projections, suitable habitats are expected to increase significantly, reaching up to 96,629 km[2] by the 2070s for Calotropis procera and 57,121 km[2] by the 2050s for Xanthium strumarium. These suitable areas are primarily located in the central, northern, southern, and eastern lowlands of Ethiopia and substantially overlap with biodiversity-rich zones and major agricultural regions. The findings highlight that the expansion of both species is mainly driven by human influence, affecting large portions of Ethiopia's lowlands, midlands, and grasslands. To reduce further spread, it is important to implement targeted control efforts along roadsides, highways, and riverbanks, together with community-based weeding campaigns that address various land use systems.},
}
@article {pmid41375530,
year = {2025},
author = {Lo Valvo, M and Orecchio, G and Barone, MC and Virgilio, V and Faraone, FP},
title = {Environmental Suitability of the Sicilian Pond Turtle (Emys trinacris): An Approach Based on Bioclimatic and Environmental Variables for the Conservation of Sicilian Endemism.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {41375530},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Emys trinacris, the Sicilian pond turtle, is a species endemic to the island of Sicily. Despite its global and Italian distribution aligning, E. trinacris is classified as "Data Deficient" by the IUCN Red List, but "Endangered" on the Italian Red List, due to threats from habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species, and the illegal pet trade. To aid conservation efforts, understanding the suitability of the species' habitat is essential. This study aims to create a habitat suitability map by incorporating bioclimatic variables but also environmental factors related to the species' preference for wetland habitats. We employed the Maximum Entropy model (MaxEnt), based on 264 georeferenced presence points and 33 climatic, topographic, and habitat-related variables. Our model, with an Area Under the Curve of 0.947 and True Skill Statistic of 0.853, identified key predictors such as winter temperature and summer precipitation, with a notable dependence on wetland vegetation. The resulting suitability map highlights the central-southern regions of Sicily as critical areas for the species, with moderate to high suitability also present in the western coastal areas. However, the map shows a discrepancy between the wide distribution of presence records and the limited high-suitability area. This study also assessed the overlap of suitable habitats with existing Natura 2000 sites, showing satisfactory protection levels, though agricultural reservoirs remain unprotected. Active conservation strategies, including expanding protected areas and improving habitat connectivity, are crucial to ensuring the long-term survival of E. trinacris in Sicily.},
}
@article {pmid41375403,
year = {2025},
author = {Xie, C and Chen, Z and Yu, M and Jim, CY},
title = {Impact of Climate Change on the Invasion of Mikania micrantha Kunth in China: Predicting Future Distribution Using MaxEnt Modeling.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {41375403},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {32360417//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 725RC789//Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CB301//Research Matching Grant of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species pose escalating threats to global biodiversity and ecosystems, which may be exacerbated by climate change, potentially leading to range expansions and intensified impacts. In China, Mikania micrantha Kunth, a fast-growing tropical vine listed among the world's 100 worst invasive species, has proliferated since its introduction in the mid-20th century, causing severe ecological damage through the smothering of vegetation, suppression of allelopathy, and economic losses in agriculture and forestry. This study aimed to predict its current and future distributions to guide management. Using 205 stringently filtered occurrence records from databases, surveys, and literature, combined with bioclimatic variables from WorldClim and MaxEnt modeling-optimized via ENMeval and evaluated by AUC (>0.97)-projected habitats under current (1970-2000) conditions and future SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP3-7.0 scenarios for the 2050s and 2070s via the BCC-CSM2-HR model. Temperature factors dominated predictions, with current excellent suitability (3.6 × 10[4] km[2]) concentrated in Hainan and southern Guangdong, expanding to good and moderate zones in Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan. Future averages showed expansions in excellent (21.3%), good (10.0%), and moderate (14.0%) habitats, with some northward shifts into Jiangxi and Hunan under higher emissions. In situ augmentation of habitat suitability and spatial containment overshadows the northward range expansion. The high-emission scenario is projected to lead to temperature overshoots, which will dampen habitat suitability. The findings underscore M. micrantha's resilience to warming, necessitating integrated strategies such as guarding critical biodiversity sites, early detection, biocontrol, and habitat restoration to mitigate risks in both core and emerging zones.},
}
@article {pmid41375395,
year = {2025},
author = {Nogales, L and Chaves, N and Blanco-Salas, J and Mateos, L and Rubio, LV and Alías, JC},
title = {Allelopathic Effect of the Invasive Species Acacia dealbata Link and Hakea decurrens R.Br., subsp. physocarpa on Native Mediterranean Scrub Species.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {41375395},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {LIA4//co-financed by the Ministry of Economy, Science and Digital Agenda of the Government of Ex-tremadura and by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive species can profoundly alter ecosystems through mechanisms such as allelopathy. This study evaluates the allelopathic effects of Acacia dealbata and Hakea decurrens subsp. physocarpa on two dominant Mediterranean native species, Cistus ladanifer and Lavandula stoechas. Germination bioassays using aqueous extracts (1:10 w/v) at concentrations of 1, 1/2, and 1/4 of leaves collected in March and September were used to evaluate germination, hypocotyl emergence, and root development compared to control values (water) and between treatments. The phenolic composition of the solutions used was also analyzed. Significant inhibitory effects were observed across all parameters, especially at high concentrations, with responses modulated by the invasive species, the native target, and seasonal variation. A. dealbata showed stronger phytotoxicity in March, while H. decurrens subsp. physocarpa was more active in September. Phytochemical analysis revealed a higher load of phenolic compounds in A. dealbata, which may be related to the greater allelopathic activity of this species. These findings confirm the allelopathic potential of both invasive species and their ability to interfere with the establishment of native plants while facilitating their own, potentially impacting the colonization success of invasive species and altering vegetation succession in Mediterranean ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41375330,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramadan, MM and Tuda, M},
title = {Host Range Expansion and Dual Ecological Roles of an Invasive African Seed Predator on Native and Introduced Plants in Hawai'i.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {41375330},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {19K06840//JSPS/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive seed predators can severely affect the reproduction of long-lived trees, especially when host range expansion occurs. The beetle Specularius impressithorax (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), native to Africa, has become established in Hawai'i where it attacks the endemic coral tree (Erythrina sandwicensis; Wiliwili). Here, we report the infestation of an African coral tree (E. livingstoniana) by this beetle and assess its performance and oviposition patterns on native and non-native hosts. Field surveys showed that eggs were aggregated on both hosts but more abundant on E. sandwicensis than on E. livingstoniana. Laboratory assays revealed no difference in larva-to-adult survival between the two hosts, although adults emerging from E. sandwicensis were larger. Choice tests indicated no oviposition preference between the two Erythrina species, despite the larger seed size of E. sandwicensis. To explore potential host range expansion, trials were run on economic legumes with varying phylogenetic distance from Erythrina, which showed oviposition on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with low but successful survival (10.3%), while no development occurred on broad bean or pigeon pea. More E. sandwicensis seeds germinated when infested by a single early-stage larva (70% germination) than when uninfested (20%), suggesting that minimal seed predation may facilitate germination because previously reported greater damage induced by infestation through adulthood reduces germination. Our findings highlight the ecological flexibility of an invasive bruchine, its potential to exploit other Faboideae plants, and the dual role of seed predators as both threats and facilitators of seed germination. These results have implications for conservation of endemic coral trees and for understanding invasion dynamics of shared seed predators. Additionally, we examined non-botanical substrate filled with seed powder for oviposition and compiled global host records of S. impressithorax to contextualize its host range expansion.},
}
@article {pmid41375319,
year = {2025},
author = {Qi, FZ and Lu, XR and Wu, DP and Zhang, XJ and Gao, Y and Geng, L and Liu, MC and Feng, YL},
title = {The Relative Growth of Invasive Solanum rostratum Dunal Decreases with Increasing Competitive Species Richness Regardless of Resource Conditions.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {41375319},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2021YFD1400300//National Key R &amp; D Program of China/ ; 32171662//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32171666//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The biotic resistance hypothesis proposes that species-rich communities are more resistant to biological invasions due to the less available resources for invaders. The variation in available soil resources may affect the invasion resistance of community, but there is little evidence. Using invasive Solanum rostratum Dunal, a noxious invader in infertile habitats, and six co-occurring non-invasive species, we conducted a field experiment by testing the relationship between relative growth performance of invasives and richness of resident non-invasives, and the effects of available soil water and nutrients on the relationship. We found that relative aboveground biomass (hereafter relative biomass), relative coverage, community-weighted means (CWM) of specific leaf area (SLA), and photosynthetic rate (Pmass) of S. rostratum decreased with increasing resident non-invasive species richness. In contrast, for the non-invasive species, the CWM of SLA and Pmass significantly increased with increasing resident species richness. However, the available soil water and nutrients exerted limited effects on the relative biomass and coverage of S. rostratum. The piecewise structural equation model showed that non-invasive species richness has not only direct negative effects, but also indirect negative effects through promoting non-invasive biomass on the relative biomass of S. rostratum. Our findings indicate that the higher resident species richness is fundamental to resist invasion of alien S. rostratum, which operates through increasing biomass and resource acquisitive traits of a non-invasive community. Additionally, soil available resources exert limited effects on the invasion resistance. This study suggests the importance of conservation of biodiversity in preventing biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41373038,
year = {2025},
author = {Common, LK and Kleindorfer, S and Katsis, AC and Morales, KA and Quirola, DME and Fessl, B},
title = {From dispenser to nest: collection of fumigated material repels parasites across behavioural traits in Darwin's finches.},
journal = {BMC zoology},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
pmid = {41373038},
issn = {2056-3132},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: In the midst of a biodiversity crisis, it is important to conserve diversity at all levels, including species, genetic, and behavioural diversity. Animals with different behavioural traits can interact with their environment in distinct ways; hence, the distribution of behavioural traits within a population can influence the efficacy and outcome of conservation interventions. On the Galápagos Islands, Darwin’s finches are threatened by an invasive parasite, the avian vampire fly, Philornis downsi. Avian vampire fly larvae develop in the base of the nest, where they feed on the blood and tissue of developing nestlings, causing high mortality. In this study on Floreana Island, we deployed dispensers filled with insecticide-treated nesting material, a conservation method that has been found to decrease parasite load and increase fledging success. We then assessed whether individual differences in Darwin’s finch neophilia (response to a novel object) and aggressiveness (response to a simulated territory intrusion) affected their use of treated material. We found that ~57% of nests contained treated nesting material and that increasing volumes of treated material were associated with decreased parasite load. We found no effect of neophilia or aggressiveness on the probability of using treated material or amount of treated material used. Our results support nesting material dispensers as an effective conservation measure that conserves the full range of behavioural responses. To increase the efficacy of this method, future research should consider species- and individual-level preferences for material type and dispenser location.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40850-025-00250-2.},
}
@article {pmid41371540,
year = {2026},
author = {Siegfried, EY and Bayliss, A and Volpert, VA},
title = {Invasions in a four-species fractured cyclic ecological system.},
journal = {Mathematical biosciences},
volume = {392},
number = {},
pages = {109590},
doi = {10.1016/j.mbs.2025.109590},
pmid = {41371540},
issn = {1879-3134},
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; Animals ; Population Dynamics ; *Introduced Species ; Competitive Behavior ; },
abstract = {We consider the invasion problem for a four-species cyclic ecological community. When the cyclic interspecies competition is stronger than the intraspecies competition (crowding), the system is dominated by two two-species alliances which are the competing entities. We assume that one of the alliances is fractured due to internal competition and predation. The invasion problem can then be reduced to a traveling wave problem and the two alliances will be equally matched under standstill conditions, i.e., when the speed of the traveling wave is zero. We determine the standstill condition and the role of fracturing on standstill in two regimes: (i) balanced competition, when the interspecies competition is comparable to the intraspecies competition, so that there is a significant region where the four species can live together and (ii) strong competition, where species from the two alliances cannot coexist except in a very narrow band. We employ a suitable coordinate transformation for the regime of balanced competition and a suitable linearization for the case of strong competition. In both cases we determine the role of fracturing on standstill conditions. We validate our results with numerical computations.},
}
@article {pmid41366608,
year = {2025},
author = {Sharnappa, MH and Mallayya, SA},
title = {Multivariate assessment of water quality, fish diversity, tilapia invasion, productivity, and yield relationships in a tropical reservoir.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {1},
pages = {31},
pmid = {41366608},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Tilapia/growth &amp; development ; *Water Quality ; *Biodiversity ; *Environmental Monitoring ; India ; *Fishes/classification/growth &amp; development ; Fisheries/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to conduct the first integrated ecological assessment of the tropical Kullursandai Reservoir, India, by evaluating the interrelationships between water quality, fish diversity, invasive species, and fishery productivity. Over a 24-month period, we monitored key physico-chemical parameters, conducted comprehensive fish sampling, and analyzed historical catch data. Multivariate statistics, including principal component analysis (PCA), were used to identify dominant environmental drivers. Results revealed distinct seasonal patterns in water quality, with the reservoir maintaining a mesotrophic status. The fish assemblage was dominated by invasive Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), which collectively constituted nearly half of the total catch, indicating a significant shift in community structure and potential ecological risks. Despite this, fish diversity indices indicated a moderately diverse and structured community. A notable finding was the substantial discrepancy between the theoretical maximum sustainable yield (8.33-12.82 kg/ha/yr) and the actual fishery yield (mean 153 kg/ha/yr), highlighting the role of adaptive management and favorable hydrology. PCA identified three key environmental gradients regulating the ecosystem: mineral-alkalinity, transparency-oxygen, and nutrient enrichment, with phosphorus levels strongly linked to tilapia dominance. Collectively, these results demonstrate that this study provides critical thresholds for guiding nutrient monitoring, invasive species control, and sustainable harvest strategies in tropical reservoirs, underscoring the delicate trade-off between high fishery production and biodiversity conservation.},
}
@article {pmid41366522,
year = {2025},
author = {Arregui-Almeida, D and Cevallos-Vallejo, A and Yauri, MF},
title = {Reimagining invasive weeds through a preliminary antibacterial and phytochemical evaluation of Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth floral and seed ethereal extracts.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1072},
pmid = {41366522},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {QINV0340-IINV502000000//Pontificia Universidad Cat&#xf3;lica del Ecuador/ ; },
mesh = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Seeds/chemistry ; *Ipomoea/chemistry ; *Flowers/chemistry ; *Phytochemicals/pharmacology/chemistry ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; *Plant Weeds/chemistry ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; },
abstract = {Plant specialized metabolites have emerged as key targets in natural products research for their broad bioactivities and potential in novel drug discovery, such as antibiotics. Regrettably, the reliance on vegetal sources often raises ecological concerns, prompting a shift toward alternative species with no conservation constraints-among them, the invasive weed Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. With limited studies on I. purpurea non-polar metabolites and easy access to its floral and seed material, this study preliminarily explored the antibacterial activity of its ethereal extracts using agar diffusion and microdilution assays, complemented by phytochemically screening their metabolites through conventional methods (i.e., qualitative tests, TLC) and GC-MS molecular networking. Flower and seed extracts showed distinct antibacterial activity against model Gram-negative (E. coli ATCC 25922) and Gram-positive (S. aureus ATCC 25923) reference strains, with the seed extract notably inhibiting S. aureus (MIC = 193 mg/mL). Both shared key phytochemicals, namely coumarins, phytosterols, and terpenoids. Molecular networking showed alkanes, fatty acids and derivatives, and ethers as dominant metabolites in both extracts, with the seed extract exhibiting a higher haloalkanes, phytosterols, and terpenoid count. Six and eight known antibacterial specialized metabolites were identified in the flower and seed extract, respectively. These findings highlight the phytochemical potential of invasive species like I. purpurea as alternative sources of bioactive compounds.},
}
@article {pmid41366274,
year = {2025},
author = {Espinoza-Maticurena, A and Vargas, A and Rodas-Valero, G and Calderon-Llosa, O and Cherrez-Ojeda, I},
title = {Distribution and status of ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) in northwestern South America and its potential health and environmental impacts.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1225},
pmid = {41366274},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Ambrosia/classification/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Humans ; South America ; Ecuador ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Pollen ; Colombia ; Peru ; Biodiversity ; Allergens ; Environment ; },
abstract = {Ambrosia species, commonly known as ragweed, are among the most problematic invasive weeds worldwide due to their aggressive spread and highly allergenic pollen. While extensively studied in North America, Europe, and Asia, there is limited research on their presence in tropical South America. This article focuses on the distribution, status, and potential impacts of Ambrosia in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Seven species were identified and categorized as either Andean shrubs native to high-altitude regions or opportunistic ragweeds, such as A. cumanensis and A. artemisiifolia, which thrive in disturbed environments. In urban areas like Guayaquil and Lima, pollen levels from these opportunistic species often exceed thresholds that trigger allergic reactions, posing a growing public health issue. Human-driven environmental changes, particularly deforestation and urban expansion, are facilitating the spread of ragweed, especially in lowland coastal areas. This not only increases allergy risks but also threatens local biodiversity, including sensitive ecosystems like the Galapagos Islands. The continued spread of Ambrosia in northwestern South America demands urgent attention. Long-term control requires an integrated strategy that includes continuous monitoring, focused research, and targeted management actions. Addressing this issue is critical to safeguarding both human health and the integrity of native ecosystems in the region.},
}
@article {pmid41366068,
year = {2025},
author = {Steinhoff, A and Stutz, R and Schantz, AV and Peter, N and Dörge, DD and Klimpel, S},
title = {Baylisascaris procyonis on the rise in Europe: a comprehensive review and analysis of occurrence data.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {124},
number = {12},
pages = {157},
pmid = {41366068},
issn = {1432-1955},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ascaridoidea/isolation &amp; purification ; *Raccoons/parasitology ; *Ascaridida Infections/epidemiology/veterinary/parasitology ; Europe/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {The raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) was introduced to Europe by its final host, the North American raccoon (Procyon lotor), which has been spreading uncontrollably there since the early 20th century. The raccoon is gaining importance due to the spread of the raccoon roundworm, which is pathogenic to humans and can cause severe disease through oral ingestion of infectious egg stages. Totally, 146 raccoons from central and western Germany were examined for B. procyonis via necropsy. In addition, an extensive literature search was conducted on the occurrence of B. procyonis in Europe. Of the 146 raccoons examined in this study, 66.4% were infected with B. procyonis: 77.4% in Hesse (n = 84), 51.1% in Thuringia (n = 45), and 52.9% in North Rhine-Westphalia (n = 17). The literature review revealed the presence of B. procyonis in wild raccoons in nine European countries. In three additional countries, infections were detected in raccoons or other animal species in captivity. The studies show a steady expansion of the distribution area, which is probably underestimated due to insufficient or absent data collection. Five animal species have been identified as paratenic/accidental hosts in Europe, with all infections documented in zoos/animal husbandry. There is a lack of data on paratenic hosts in the wild in Europe. There are three documented cases of Baylisascariasis in Europe. The results of the present study highlight the need for further research into B. procyonis in Europe, particularly in relation to ongoing urbanization and growing raccoon populations.},
}
@article {pmid41366013,
year = {2025},
author = {Clauzon, S and Sutter, C and Bardy-Renard, T and Lefèvre, T and Lacour, G and Marti, R and Cornille, H and Delachavonnery, F and Lutrat, C and Mignotte, A and Simard, F},
title = {Exploring the resting habits of invasive Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Southern France.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1178},
pmid = {41366013},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RESTALBOC//RIVOC/ ; RESTALBOC//Centre M&#xe9;diterran&#xe9;en de l'Environnement et de la Biodiversit&#xe9;/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology/virology ; France ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/virology ; Female ; Male ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Oviposition ; },
abstract = {Aedes albopictus, an invasive mosquito and vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, has rapidly expanded across mainland France. While its breeding and host-seeking behaviors are well studied, little is known about its adult resting habits in temperate urban environments. We conducted a field study in Murviel-lès-Montpellier, Southern France, using oviposition traps and aspiration from sentinel resting sites to assess adult mosquito dynamics. Between July and October 2023, 1293 capture sessions yielded 2237 adults and 172,014 eggs. We analyzed mosquito physiological status, vegetation structure (Plant Area Index), and microclimatic conditions. Resting site type, vegetation density, temperature, and humidity significantly influenced mosquito abundance and sex ratio. Underground cable chambers hosted mainly sexually immature adults, while sexually mature mosquitoes were more abundant in dense vegetation, especially cane of Provence thickets. Our results highlight how intrinsic (sex, physiological status) and extrinsic (microhabitat, weather) factors shape resting site selection, informing targeted vector surveillance and control in urban settings.},
}
@article {pmid41365220,
year = {2026},
author = {Luo, Q and Yi, Y},
title = {Evolution of aquatic food web structures under cascade hydropower development in the upper yellow river.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {397},
number = {},
pages = {128241},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128241},
pmid = {41365220},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Food Chain ; *Rivers ; Animals ; Fishes ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; China ; },
abstract = {Cascade hydropower development has profoundly altered river hydrology and habitat configurations, driving fish community assembly and reshaping food web structure and function, with critical implications for ecosystem stability. We investigate temporal changes in fish food webs in the upper Yellow River, focusing on the Longyangxia-Liujiaxia cascade system, by integrating historical records with contemporary field surveys. Phase-specific food web models to quantify network complexity (species richness S, number of links L, link density LD, and connectance C) and stability (mean trophic level TL, omnivory O, modularity M, and quasi-stationary state QSS) across three hydropower development phases: pre-development, cascade development, and optimized operation. Cascade development expanded lentic and expanded increased habitat heterogeneity, shifting fish assemblages from migratory and rheophilic species toward resident and generalist species, while concurrently elevating the risk of non-native species invasions. Through predation, resource competition, and ecological niche displacement, non-native species restructured trophic interactions, lengthened food chains, and redirected energy flows, resulting in greater species richness and enhanced interspecific connectivity, and thereby increasing topological complexity. However, despite increases in link numbers, link density, trophic levels, omnivory, and modularity, the overall quasi-stationary state declined, indicating reduced local stability. These results reveal stage-specific complexity-stability trade-offs under intensive hydropower regulation and biological invasions, highlighting the need for integrated management strategies to balance engineering impacts, invasive species control, and ecological resilience in regulated river ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41364997,
year = {2026},
author = {Seguel, M and Moeggenberg, F and Arakawa, N and Pavés, H and Balaji, S and Maboni, G and Müller, A and Gottdenker, NL},
title = {Anthropogenic disturbance on island ecosystems promotes inflammation and zoonotic pathogens among invasive rats.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1010},
number = {},
pages = {181089},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181089},
pmid = {41364997},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Rats ; *Inflammation/epidemiology/veterinary ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/microbiology ; Islands ; *Ecosystem ; *Anthropogenic Effects ; Chile ; *Rodent Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Invasive species and landscape disturbance are major drivers of emerging infectious diseases, particularly in island ecosystems where native wildlife evolved in ecological isolation. However, the mechanisms linking anthropogenic disturbance, host immune function, and pathogen transmission on island systems remain poorly understood. We investigated how small-scale anthropogenic disturbance influences host diet, body condition, immunity, and zoonotic pathogen carriage among invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) on Guafo Island, a remote island in the northern Chilean Patagonia. Using a spatial mosaic of undisturbed and disturbed habitats, we combined field ecology, immunopathology, and molecular diagnostics to assess inflammation and infection risk. Rats from human-altered habitats had access to human food sources and exhibited higher population densities and improved body condition. Although body condition was higher, rats in these human-intervened habitats had increased systemic inflammation and more marked Th2-type inflammation compared to rats in more pristine areas of the island. These immunopathological changes were associated with increased prevalence of Leptospira interrogans and Calodium hepaticum infection. These effects were independent of rat abundance and body condition, suggesting that Th2 immune skewing in rats in disturbed island habitats may independently enhance pathogen shedding. Our findings indicate that even minimal landscape disturbance in an otherwise pristine ecosystem can alter invasive species' immunity and amplify zoonotic risk, highlighting the importance of early intervention and ecological monitoring in remote island systems undergoing human encroachment.},
}
@article {pmid41364721,
year = {2025},
author = {Musili, FM and Mutisya, J and Langat, S and Chelangat, B and Anyango, V and Chepkorir, E and Konongoi, S and Sang, R and Bastos, A and Lutomiah, J},
title = {Role of invasive Aedes (Aedimorphus) vittatus in chikungunya virus transmission in the newly-invaded coastal island city of Mombasa, Kenya.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0013738},
pmid = {41364721},
issn = {1935-2735},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/virology/physiology/classification ; Kenya/epidemiology ; *Chikungunya virus/isolation &amp; purification/physiology/genetics ; *Chikungunya Fever/transmission/epidemiology/virology ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology/physiology ; Humans ; Female ; Introduced Species ; Male ; Islands ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Countrywide routine entomological surveillance studies in Kenya from 2006 first identified Aedes vittatus, in small numbers (4 specimens), in Mombasa city in 2014 during a dengue outbreak investigation. Significant numbers (1,648 specimens) were collected in January 2018 during a chikungunya outbreak investigation. The presence of Ae. vittatus, and a competent vector of chikungunya virus, complicates disease epidemiology and control efforts in Mombasa underscoring the need to determine its bionomic factors.<br><br>METHODS: In June 2021 and December 2021, we conducted mosquito sampling at multiple sites in Mombasa, an island city county, using CO&#x2082;-baited Biogent sentinel (BGS) traps and human landing collection (HLC) methods. The collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically, and Ae. vittatus species were confirmed further by molecular characterization based on the cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1). Virus isolation from mosquitoes pools was performed in Vero ccl-81 cell cultures. Cultures showing cytopathic effects were harvested and genome-sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform to identify the infecting virus.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 11,435 mosquitoes were collected; 7,250 by BGS traps and 4,185 by HLC. Overall, Ae. aegypti was the dominant species, accounting for 32.6% (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3,725), followed by Culex quinquefasciatus which accounted for 31.8% (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3,638) and Ae. vittatus at 24.4% (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;2,789). Aedes aegypti (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;2,216; 43%) predominated in HLC collections, followed by Ae. vittatus (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1,598; 31%). Although mosquito biting rates per person per hour (b/p/h) were higher for Ae. aegypti (3.2 b/p/h) than Ae. vittatus (2.4 b/p/h), the difference was not statistically significant (t&#x2009;=&#x2009;6.0081, df&#x2009;=&#x2009;1, p-value&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.105). Chikungunya virus isolate belonging to the East Central South African genotype was isolated from a pool of female Ae. vittatus.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Aedes vittatus was found widely distributed across the island city in significant numbers, suggesting that the species, which is predominant to most rural areas in Kenya, has invaded the city and successfully established. The presence of this species in the city, a confirmed vector of CHIKV, and along with Ae. aegypti which is the principle vector of CHIKV, potentially magnifies the risk of chikungunya outbreaks. This highlights the significance and need for integrated vector control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41359070,
year = {2025},
author = {Casanova-Hernández, D and Pinacho-Pinacho, CD and Calixto-Rojas, M and Rubio-Godoy, M and García-Saldaña, EA and Velázquez-Velázquez, E and Zamora-Briseño, JA},
title = {New tools to uncover old tricks: an update on the knowledge on the most successful invasive freshwater helminth, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {124},
number = {12},
pages = {153},
pmid = {41359070},
issn = {1432-1955},
mesh = {Animals ; Fresh Water/parasitology ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology/epidemiology ; *Introduced Species ; Fishes/parasitology ; *Cestoda/physiology/genetics ; Mexico ; Genetic Variation ; *Cestode Infections/veterinary/parasitology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The Asian fish tapeworm (AFT), Schyzocotyle acheilognathi, is a highly invasive and pathogenic parasite of freshwater fishes, present on all continents except Antarctica. Globally, 310 + definitive fish host species have been recorded, with Mexico showing the highest number of reports. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology, distribution, and ecological determinants of this parasite, highlighting key knowledge gaps that could guide future research. Considering Mexico has quite comprehensive records of this parasite (both in host and geographical terms), we propose that this country can be considered as a large-scale ecological laboratory to investigate the environmental variables associated with the parasite's dispersion capabilities in different geographic areas, potentially providing clues on the (unexplored) paths followed by this extremely successful invasive parasite. Using published parasitological data, we implemented exploratory analyses of ecological and environmental parameters to identify factors associated with the occurrence of S. acheilognathi. Temperature, precipitation, and elevation emerged as potential drivers of its distribution, providing a basis for ecological niche modeling and for predicting future range expansions under climate change scenarios. Despite its extensive host range, S. acheilognathi exhibits low genetic diversity-an intriguing feature that may underlie its ecological plasticity and invasive success. We also discuss the growing potential of omics and environmental DNA tools to advance non-destructive detection, clarify host-parasite dynamics, and uncover molecular mechanisms underlying host adaptation and invasion. Integrating these ecological and genomic perspectives will be essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of S. acheilognathi and to anticipate its impacts on freshwater biodiversity in an era of global change.},
}
@article {pmid41358765,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Q and Liu, J and Zhang, J and Xiong, T and Shi, Y and Yu, X},
title = {Dominance of specific lung bacteria over microbiota diversity in COVID-19 clinical trajectories.},
journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries},
volume = {19},
number = {11},
pages = {1598-1605},
doi = {10.3855/jidc.21099},
pmid = {41358765},
issn = {1972-2680},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/microbiology/mortality ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Lung/microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Microbiota ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology ; Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Adult ; Severity of Illness Index ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the impact of lung microbiota on COVID-19 outcomes.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: Clinical data and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) data and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were retrospectively collected from 40 COVID-19 patients for Targeted Next-generation Sequencing (TNGS). Microbial diversity was then analyzed across different clinical severity groups. Additionally, biomarkers were identified using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) and evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) - Area Under the Curve (AUC).<br><br>RESULTS: The patients were classified by severity as mild (n = 3), moderate (n = 13), severe (n = 16), or critical (n = 8) symptoms. The &#x3b1;-diversity of respiratory flora showed no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). While &#x3b2;-diversity analysis revealed significant compositional distinctions (p < 0.05). Critically ill patients had higher levels of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to other groups, ROC-plot AUC value of 0.856. Patients were then categorized into two outcome-based groups: Non-survivors (n = 5) and Survivors (n = 35). No significant differences in &#x3b1;-diversity of respiratory flora were observed between the two groups (p > 0.05), while &#x3b2;-diversity revealed distinct compositional differences (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ROC curve for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AUC = 0.846) indicated its predictive value for mortality.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study has elucidated the characteristics of pulmonary microbiota across different COVID-19 severities, identifying bacteria associated with severe illness, mortality, and relevant clinical markers. The lung microbiota exhibits low diversity, making the pulmonary microecology more vulnerable to disruption. Therefore, invasive species may influence clinical outcomes in affected patients.},
}
@article {pmid41358520,
year = {2025},
author = {Lucero, JE and Lortie, CJ and Filazzola, A and Callaway, RM},
title = {Shrub-facilitated invasion accelerates desertification.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {8},
pages = {e70162},
pmid = {41358520},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//NSERC/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Poaceae/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Rain ; },
abstract = {In theory, increasing sensitivity of primary productivity to precipitation variability is a biophysical symptom of dryland degradation, or "desertification," but empirical tests of this in the context of biological invasions are scant. To test the potential for exotic grass invasion to exacerbate biophysical symptoms of desertification, we measured the biomass and biodiversity of herbaceous plant assemblages along a 41-248 mm/year precipitation gradient across the Mojave and San Joaquin Deserts within communities at high versus low levels of exotic grass invasion and under shrub canopies versus interstitial space, over 5 years. Exotic grass invasion doubled the conversion rate of precipitation into biomass, and native shrubs increased ecosystem sensitivity to precipitation through strong facilitation of exotic grasses. Invasion-driven increases in biomass production corresponded to significant decreases in native biodiversity. We propose that shrub facilitation of exotic grasses accelerated desertification by promoting a non-native flora that is highly sensitive to precipitation variability and strongly linked to biodiversity degradation. Suppressing exotic grasses and managing facilitated invasion will help mitigate desertification.},
}
@article {pmid41357542,
year = {2025},
author = {Itsukushima, R and Otsu, K and Matsushima, S and Miyahara, H},
title = {Ichthyofauna in a highly urbanised area (Kitakyushu metropolitan area, Fukuoka, Japan).},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e155035},
pmid = {41357542},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Urbanisation has caused significant changes in material cycles, alterations in river flow rates and depths and modifications to habitats for aquatic organisms. These changes have led to disruptions in the movement and dispersal of aquatic species, as well as shifts in biodiversity. The loss of habitats due to urbanisation has resulted in a decline in species diversity across a variety of taxonomic groups. Aquatic organisms, in particular, are adversely affected by habitat loss caused by river channel modifications and the invasion of non-native species. It is generally reported that, in regions where invasive species have established and native species have declined, fish fauna tend to homogenise, leading to a substantial reduction in diversity. However, the impact of urbanisation on fish fauna varies depending on local ecosystems, the degree of urbanisation and the time elapsed since urban development. Therefore, it is crucial to gather region-specific information on how fish fauna have been altered by urbanisation. The study area in this research, the Kitakyushu metropolitan area, is one of Japan's oldest heavy industrial zones and many of its rivers have been affected by channel straightening and concrete lining.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: A fish survey was conducted at 100 locations within the Kitakyushu metropolitan area during the summer period (from 16 July to 4 October 2024), focusing on river sections modified by channel straightening and concrete lining due to urbanisation. The survey resulted in collecting 30 genera and 32 species from nine orders and 19 families, for a total of 9,253 individuals. Amongst the species collected, rare species, such as the Bitterling, Liobagrus reini and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, were also found (The Japanese Red List). Although the number of individuals was limited, these native rare species were found in inhabited rivers significantly altered by human activity. Additionally, invasive species including Lepomis macrochirus, Micropterus salmoides (Lacep&#xe8;de, 1802) and Channa argus (Cantor, 1842) were recorded. Despite accounting for only 0.5% of the total fish population, the highly predatory nature of these invasive species warrants proactive management, including the enhancement of impounded water environments through structures such as weirs, to mitigate their potential ecological impact.},
}
@article {pmid41356208,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, X and Huang, Y and Xing, Y and Kang, T and Yang, Y and Xu, L},
title = {Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genome of Conium maculatum L. 1753 (Apiaceae).},
journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {6-10},
pmid = {41356208},
issn = {2380-2359},
abstract = {Conium maculatum L. (1753) is a toxic biennial plant in the Apiaceae family. It is native to Europe and North Africa and is listed as an invasive species in China. Its 153,090 bp chloroplast genome has 132 genes (37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 87 protein-coding genes), structured into 2 IRs (25,087 bp), one LSC (85,716 bp) and one SSC(17,200 bp), with 37.52% GC content. Phylogenetically, it is closest to Angelica sinensis, Trachydium subnudum, Glehnia littoralis, Heracleum hemsleyanum, Peucedanum praeruptorum, and Saposhnikovia divaricata. These findings support genetic preservation of the species and Coniumphylogenetic study.},
}
@article {pmid41354753,
year = {2025},
author = {Mancuso, M and Tiralongo, F and Calogero, GS and Manganaro, G and Nota, A and Ferrito, V and Pappalardo, AM},
title = {Evidence of positive selection in the COI mitochondrial gene in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda: Portunidae).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1155},
pmid = {41354753},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Phylogeny ; *Brachyura/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Introduced Species ; *Genes, Mitochondrial ; Ecosystem ; Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {The Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) is a decapod crustacean native to the Western Atlantic coast that has become a highly invasive presence in Mediterranean waters since the 1950s. This species incarnates multiple characteristics that render it a successful invader: large size, high reproductive output, a generalist diet, euryhalinity, and eurythermal physiology. This study aims to investigate the evolutionary implications of the colonization of Mediterranean ecosystems by looking at the evolution of the mitochondrial gene COI in invasive C. sapidus. After assessing phylogenetic relationships of native and invasive populations, signs of selection analyses were carried out, revealing a multitude of sites under positive selection in invasive populations. Our results might point toward an ongoing trend of adaptive evolution triggered by the selective pressure that a new environment exerts upon this invasive species in Mediterranean ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41353960,
year = {2026},
author = {Henny, C and Julzarika, A and Sulastri, and Prasetyo, S and Retno Utami, R and Setiadewi, N and Hakim, AMY},
title = {Recurring struggle in managing water hyacinth invasion and water quality in a tropical lake: Case study of Lake Rawa Pening, Indonesia.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {397},
number = {},
pages = {128210},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128210},
pmid = {41353960},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Lakes ; Indonesia ; *Eichhornia ; *Water Quality ; Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Lake Rawa Pening in Central Java, Indonesia, has long been threatened by recurring water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) invasion and declining water quality, both driven by intensive anthropogenic pressures in the catchment. Excessive nutrient loading from agriculture, aquaculture, domestic sewage, and land-use change accelerates sedimentation and eutrophication, creating favorable conditions for the rapid spread of water hyacinth that now covers over 70 % of the lake's surface. Using a geospatial forensic approach, this review reconstructs environmental changes from 1845 to 2025 and links them to the persistence of ecological stressors. The findings show that water hyacinth invasion has disrupted hydrological balance, reduced biodiversity, hindered fisheries, and undermined ecosystem services, while efforts to manage the weed since 2011 have remained largely ineffective. Weak governance, limited coordination among stakeholders, and insufficient funding have hampered the implementation of restoration programs and long-term management strategies. Despite these challenges, water hyacinth also provides potential benefits, including nutrient uptake for phytoremediation and utilization as raw material for compost, bioenergy, handicrafts, and livestock feed. This dual role highlights the need for integrated management that balances ecological control with socioeconomic opportunities. To secure the sustainability of its socioecological functions, Lake Rawa Pening requires a unified management authority, reduction of external nutrient inputs, adaptive use of eco-technologies, and active community participation. Strengthening preventive measures and valorizing water hyacinth biomass are key strategies for shifting from costly eradication toward sustainable restoration.},
}
@article {pmid41353850,
year = {2026},
author = {Stehouwer, P and Drillet, G and Gianoli, C and Gang, L and Zacharopoulou, A and Bonamin, V and Drake, L},
title = {A decade of ballast water data submitted to the U.S. EPA: A trend toward improved compliance.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {224},
number = {},
pages = {119078},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119078},
pmid = {41353850},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States ; *Ships ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Disinfectants/analysis ; },
abstract = {To manage the environmental impacts from ballast water and other discharges from ships sailing in waters of the United States, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) put in place the Vessel General Permit (VGP) in 2008. For ships that will install and use a ballast water treatment system (BWTS) to comply with the VGP's requirements for ballast water management, annual reports must be submitted that include the results of sampling and analysis of two types of parameters: bacteria and biocides. From all BWTS, the concentrations of three bacteria must be reported. If a BWTS uses biocides as part of the treatment process, the concentration of relevant biocides and derivatives must also be measured and reported. To date, the United States is the only country to require routine sampling and analysis from ships discharging ballast water into federal waters. We analyzed data submitted to the EPA for a decade (from 2014 to 2023), representing nearly 18,000 reports. First, data were "cleaned", e.g., to remove duplicate reports. Surprisingly, nearly one quarter (23 %) of the reports did not include the required bacteria data. Evaluating the data showed that non-compliance with the parameters' limits was relatively low, <3 % for either of the bacteria (Escherichia coli and enterococci; total heterotrophic bacteria results are only reported, as no limit is stipulated for them). Non-compliance for biocides was <10 %. Evaluating non-compliance of both bacteria and biocides showed more consistency: <2 % of reports were non-compliant for both parameters. Encouragingly, compliance has improved over time, with the best (lowest) non-compliance rates in recent years (2020-2023).},
}
@article {pmid41353476,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Z and Sugiura, D and Yamori, W and Tang, Y},
title = {Morphological plasticity and reproductive strategies of Kalanchoe species in invasive spread.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {139},
number = {1},
pages = {75-87},
pmid = {41353476},
issn = {1618-0860},
support = {2022YFF0801802//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Kalanchoe/physiology/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology/radiation effects ; Reproduction ; Light ; China ; },
abstract = {Kalanchoe species, originally introduced worldwide as ornamentals, are now reported to be globally spreading in many regions, including China. It is hypothesized that the morphological plasticity and asexual plantlet production of these species contribute to their rapid invasive spread. To address this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted using four Kalanchoe species: Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. &amp; Zeyh., Kalanchoe × houghtonii D. B. Ward, Kalanchoe laetivirens Desc. and Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet &amp; H. Perrier. The reproductive and vegetative traits of these four species were evaluated under contrasting light and water conditions. The plants subjected to high light tended to prioritize plantlet production, accompanied by a reduction in vegetative growth. Two distinct reproductive strategies were observed. K. delagoensis and K. × houghtonii significantly increased plantlet production under high light conditions. In contrast, K. daigremontiana and K. laetivirens enhanced the fresh weight of individual plantlets without altering the total number produced. These results demonstrate the high plasticity of vegetative and reproductive growth in response to light and water availability. The increased production of plantlets may contribute to the invasive spread of Kalanchoe species in open fields.},
}
@article {pmid41352117,
year = {2026},
author = {Jesus, F and Pascoal, &#xc9; and Sousa, &#xc9;ML and Mantas, D and Sousa, M and Vaz, BMC and Gonçalves, FJM and Coutinho, JAP and Ventura, SPM and Calisto, V and Pereira, JL},
title = {Removal of contaminants from wastewater using the bivalve Corbicula fluminea - Comparative assessment of biofiltration and biosorption.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {397},
number = {},
pages = {128039},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128039},
pmid = {41352117},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wastewater/chemistry ; *Corbicula/metabolism ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Filtration ; *Bivalvia/metabolism ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; },
abstract = {Bivalves, such as Corbicula fluminea, and their milled shells have been shown to efficiently remove some compounds from the water, but their ability to remove contaminants of emerging concern, namely pharmaceuticals and stimulants, remains largely unknown. Hence, this study aimed to compare the efficiency of C. fluminea and the corresponding milled shells for removal of 9 common wastewater contaminants at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg.L[-1], further appraising the entailed ecotoxicity variation. After 24 h, clams removed mainly fluoxetine (≥91 %) and, to a moderate extent, paracetamol (≥26 %). Milled shells removed mainly caffeine (≥49 %), fluoxetine (≥42 %) and naproxen (≥35 % at 0.5 mg.L[-1]), after 24 h of contact. Clams were more effective than shells in removing fluoxetine, paracetamol, carbamazepine, metformin and diclofenac whereas the opposite was observed for caffeine and naproxen. Despite this effectiveness, clams and shells had minor effects on ecotoxicity abatement to the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and the bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri, except for fluoxetine. Indeed, the remarkable toxicity reduction to the microalgae exposed to the biofiltered fluoxetine sample matches the pronounced removal %, confirming the beneficial effect of C. fluminea on the quality of water contaminated with this compound. Although biofiltration outperformed biosorption in general, the requirements for clams' maintenance and the risk of spreading this invasive species might constitute a drawback for the use of this species for bioremediation of contaminated wastewaters, highlighting the importance of analyzing the pros and cons of these approaches for each specific application.},
}
@article {pmid41351137,
year = {2025},
author = {Alemayehu, G and Awoke, A and Kassa, Z},
title = {Wild edible plant species and their role in nutrition and health in Korahe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia.},
journal = {Tropical medicine and health},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {182},
pmid = {41351137},
issn = {1348-8945},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wild edible plants (WEPs) are vital for food security, nutrition, and cultural identity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In Korahe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, Somali communities rely heavily on natural vegetation, yet ethnobotanical documentation of WEPs remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the diversity, utilization, knowledge patterns, and conservation status of WEPs, with implications for food security and health.<br><br>METHODS: Ethnobotanical data were collected from 120 purposively selected informants across five study sites using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and guided field walks. Species were also screened against the IUCN Red List to identify threatened and vulnerable wild edible plants, providing insights into their conservation status and informing sustainable management strategies. Quantitative indices, including the Botanical Ethnoknowledge Index (BEI), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and Jaccard Similarity Index (JSI), were applied. Preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, and priority ranking were used to assess species use, multifunctionality, and perceived threats. Statistical analyses (t tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation) were conducted to examine variations in ethnobotanical knowledge across gender, age, literacy, and experience.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 57 WEP species across 22 families were documented, with shrubs and trees dominating. Fruits were the most commonly consumed part, while roots, tubers, leaves, stems, and resins were used during food scarcity. Knowledge varied significantly by age, gender, literacy, and experience, with older, male, and key informants exhibiting greater familiarity. Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell., and Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. were highly preferred and multipurpose. Overharvesting, habitat loss, climate variability, grazing, and invasive species were major threats. Three species were identified as threatened either critically endangered or vulnerable, highlighting the urgent need for their conservation and sustainable management.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: WEPs are crucial for local nutrition, food security, and cultural heritage. Integrating indigenous knowledge with in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies and promoting sustainable use and cultivation of high-value species is essential to safeguard these resources for future generations.},
}
@article {pmid41351054,
year = {2025},
author = {Seok, S and McCollum, MT and Jacobsen, CM and Akbari, OS and Mathias, DK and Lee, Y},
title = {Pyrethroid insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) across the Hawaiian Islands.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
pmid = {41351054},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {R35 GM156217/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R35GM156217/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; 84020401//U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/ ; 1025565//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/drug effects/genetics ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; Hawaii ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; *Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics/drug effects ; Permethrin/pharmacology ; Genotype ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels/genetics ; Mutation ; Female ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) are invasive species in the Hawaiian Islands as well as other islands of the Pacific and serve as the primary vectors of arboviruses such as dengue virus. Despite its significance to public health, data on their insecticide resistance remains limited. Knowledge of the level of insecticide resistance is critical in developing effective mosquito control strategies, especially when an arboviral disease outbreak occurs.<br><br>METHODS: This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of Hawaiian Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti to permethrin, one of the commonly used pyrethroids. Genomic sequences of 93 Ae. albopictus samples from four Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i, O'ahu, Maui, and the Island of Hawai'i) were screened for non-synonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene (chromosome 3: 345,142,499-345,663,668). Phenotypic resistance to permethrin was assessed using a modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay on Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti collected from two socio-environmentally distinct sites on the Island of Hawai'i.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 4101 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the VGSC region of Ae. albopictus genomes from four Hawaiian Islands, 44 were classified as synonymous in the coding DNA sequence (CDS) region. No non-synonymous mutations were found in the CDS region, suggesting an absence of genotypic resistance to pyrethroids in these populations. In phenotypic assays, all individuals from the two Ae. aegypti populations and the Ae. albopictus population from Miloli'i were completely knocked down within 10&#xa0;min of permethrin exposure, indicating that both species remain phenotypically susceptible to permethrin. However, knockdown rates of less than 97% observed in the Ae. albopictus population from Kawaihae suggest early signs of the development of phenotypic resistance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report the phenotypic insecticide resistance profile of Hawaiian Aedes mosquitoes. Hawaiian populations of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti remain susceptible or are in the stage of developing resistance to pyrethroids, as demonstrated by the absence of VGSC mutations and high knockdown rates in permethrin bioassays. While no genotypic and phenotypic resistance was detected in these two Aedes species, monitoring for resistance in other mosquito species and through alternative mechanisms is needed.},
}
@article {pmid41350947,
year = {2025},
author = {Braverman, E and Lawson, J},
title = {Trimming to coexistence: how dispersal strategies should be accounted for in resource management.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {92},
number = {1},
pages = {8},
pmid = {41350947},
issn = {1432-1416},
support = {RGPIN-2020-03934//NSERC/ ; },
mesh = {*Models, Biological ; Ecosystem ; Animals ; Population Dynamics/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Mathematical Concepts ; Computer Simulation ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {For two resource-sharing species we explore the interplay of harvesting and dispersal strategies, as well as their influence on competition outcomes. Although the extinction of either species can be achieved by excessive culling, choosing a harvesting strategy such that the biodiversity of the populations is preserved is much more complicated. We propose a type of heterogeneous harvesting policy, dependent on dispersal strategy, where the two managed populations become an ideal free pair, and show that this strategy guarantees the coexistence of the species. We also show that if the harvesting of one of the populations is perturbed in some way, then it is possible for the coexistence to be preserved. Further, we show that if the dispersal of two species formed an ideal free pair, then a slight change in the dispersal strategy for one of them does not affect their ability to coexist. Finally, in the model, directed movement is represented by the term Δ (u / P) , where P is the dispersal strategy and target distribution. We justify that once an invading species, which has an advantage in carrying capacity, chooses a dispersal strategy that mimics the resident species distribution, then successful invasion is guaranteed. However, numerical simulations show that invasion may be successful even without an advantage in carrying capacity. More work is needed to understand the conditions, in addition to targeted culling, under which the host species would be able to persist through an invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41350001,
year = {2026},
author = {Hattenrath, TK and Klar, E and Callaghan, KC and Caldwell, M and Tucker, C and McGlynn, CA and Wilde, SB},
title = {RT-PCR assay development of ITS and toxin gene regions of, Aetokthonos hydrillicola, a known epiphyte of the invasive species Hydrilla verticillata.},
journal = {Harmful algae},
volume = {151},
number = {},
pages = {103029},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2025.103029},
pmid = {41350001},
issn = {1878-1470},
mesh = {Introduced Species ; *Cyanobacteria/genetics ; *Hydrocharitaceae/microbiology ; *Bacterial Toxins/genetics ; *Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; *DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; New York ; },
abstract = {Aetokthonos hydrillicola is a toxic epiphytic cyanobacterium often associated with invasive water thyme (Hydrilla), Hydrilla verticillata. A. hydrillicola can produce a potent brominated neurotoxin, aetokthonotoxin (AETX), and a cytotoxic dolastatin analog, aetokthonostatin (AEST). The continued expansion of invasive Hydrilla across the United States, including New York State (NYS) waters, has highlighted the need for an accurate method to detect A. hydrillicola and its toxins due to the potential public health implications. A fast and accurate method for detecting A. hydrillicola and its toxins in aquatic plant materials was developed by targeting the rRNA ITS region (ITS1, ITS2) and biosynthetic gene clusters of AETX (aetxE, aetxA) and AEST (aestF, aestK). Samples from Southeastern United States and Southeastern NYS lakes and ponds were analyzed using the developed RT-PCR assays. Hydrilla from Lake Sebago tested positive for AEST genes, but was negative for both ITS and AETX genes, despite A. hydrillicola being confirmed via light microscopy. This is consistent with toxin analysis via LCMS finding no measurable AETX. The lack of AETX genes and the inability to amplify the Lake Sebago A. hydrillicola using current ITS primers/probes suggests that this is likely a different genetic variant. This data also suggests that AEST genes are likely conserved across genetic variants of A. hydrillicola. These RT-PCR assays will allow for an increased throughput of lakes surveyed for the presence of A. hydrillicola and its toxins, enabling environmental managers to make swift decisions regarding the prevention or reduction of impacts on wildlife and public health.},
}
@article {pmid41349914,
year = {2026},
author = {Abell, IR and Le, TP and Flegg, JA and Baker, CM},
title = {Modelling the spread and management of Varroa destructor in naive european honeybee populations.},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
volume = {622},
number = {},
pages = {112329},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112329},
pmid = {41349914},
issn = {1095-8541},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/parasitology ; *Varroidae/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Europe ; Australia ; },
abstract = {Varroa destructor is a significant European honeybee pest, impacting agricultural industries globally. Since arriving in 2022, Australia faces the possibility that Varroa will become established in European honeybee colonies nationally. Australia initially pursued a strategy of testing and subsequently eliminating hives infested with Varroa. These management efforts raise interesting questions about the interplay between hive testing and elimination, and the spread of Varroa between hives. This study uses mathematical modelling to investigate how combined hive testing and elimination strategies impact the spread of Varroa through a network of European honeybee hives. We develop a model of both within-hive reproduction of Varroa and hive testing, and between-hive movement of Varroa on a network of hives. This model is used to assess the impact of various testing and hive elimination strategies on the total number of hives eliminated on the network of hives. Each model simulation starts with a single infested hive, and from this we observed one of two dynamics: either the infestation is caught before spreading, or Varroa spreads extensively through the network before being caught by testing. Within our model we implement two common hive testing methods - sugar shake and alcohol testing. A shared limitation of these testing methods is that they can only detect mites in a specific stage of their lifecycle. As such, testing is not only dependent on how many Varroa mites are in a hive, but also on what lifecycle stage the mites are in at the time of testing. By varying testing and movement parameters, we see that this testing limitation greatly impacts the number of hives eliminated in various scenarios. Furthermore, testing earlier, or testing more frequently, does not guarantee a smaller invasion. Our model results suggest irregular testing schedules, e.g. testing multiple times in close succession rather than just once in a given timeframe, may help overcome the limitations of common hive testing strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41349533,
year = {2026},
author = {Tu, W and Li, Y and Du, Y and Ding, J and Zhang, Q and Xi, Y and Wang, Y and Han, L and Qi, T and Zhao, Z and Dai, Y and Shi, M and Gu, S and Guo, B and Liu, X},
title = {Invasive predator reshapes island trophic network and biogeography.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {38-48.e4},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.11.017},
pmid = {41349533},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Food Chain ; Islands ; China ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Rana catesbeiana/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Invasive predators are causing rapid declines in global biodiversity, especially on islands, which may further cause irreversible ecological disruption and loss of ecosystem functions because of relatively simplified food webs. However, the cascade effects of invasive predators on the trophic network structure of islands and their relationships with island isolation and area remain poorly understood. Here, using intensive field surveys and fecal DNA metabarcoding data, we explore the effects of the invasion of a global frog predator, the American bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeiana), on native anuran-prey trophic networks across 64 invaded and control ponds spanning 21 islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. We show that invasive bullfrogs destabilize the native anuran-prey network by replacing the central network positions originally occupied by native anurans, driving the generalization of natives' diets, increasing the native network connectance, decreasing the native network modularity, and diluting the effects of island isolation on the network structure metrics. These impacts are most significant on islands with long bullfrog invasion histories and those close to the mainland. Our results demonstrate how one invasive predator can reshape the native trophic network and its changes with island characteristics, potentially further homogenizing the unique functions and services of island ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41348770,
year = {2025},
author = {Ng'eno, E and Nuñez-Penichet, C and Ruiz-Utrilla, ZP and Martins, PI and Argudo, V and Trindade, WCF and Barve, N and Alkishe, A and Peterson, AT},
title = {Potential distribution of Aedes vittatus as an invasive species in North America.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {e0335534},
pmid = {41348770},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Aedes/physiology/virology ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; North America ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The recent detection of populations of the mosquito Aedes vittatus in the Dominican Republic and Cuba has raised concerns over its potential for broader invasion in the Western Hemisphere, and particularly on the North American mainland. This species has been associated with the maintenance and transfer of yellow fever, Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses on its native distributional area. A previous study identified parts of North America with environments apparently suitable for the species, but different modeling approaches can give different results. Using models calibrated across the region historically accessible to the species, we re-examined the distributional potential of this species. Our models identified areas with year-round environmental suitability for this species along the southern coasts of the US, Mexico, Caribbean islands, and Central America. These environmentally suitable areas coincide with those for other Aedes species and overlap with urban settings, potentially placing large human populations at increased risk in case of successful establishment and invasion by this species. Targeting entomological surveillance in these and nearby areas is important for early detection to avoid establishment of populations of this species.},
}
@article {pmid41347204,
year = {2025},
author = {Rocha, SB and Rouco, C and Louback-Franco, N and Grou, CEV and Takemoto, RM},
title = {Leech Infestation Patterns between Native and Invasive Freshwater Turtles: Implications for Invasion Success.},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {e32},
pmid = {41347204},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {The increasing global introduction of alien species in recent decades underscores the need to understand the factors driving their establishment and spread in order to mitigate their ecological impacts. As alien species often thrive due to the absence of natural enemies (e.g., parasites), we investigated leech parasitism in freshwater turtles, focusing on an assemblage with over 10 years of co-occurrence between native species (Phrynops geoffroanus, Hydromedusa tectifera) and invasive sliders (Trachemys dorbigni, Trachemys scripta elegans). We used traps to capture 62 turtles to assess host characteristics (species, sex, body size, and body region) that influence leech prevalence and infestation intensity in southern Brazil. Our findings revealed that native turtles exhibited an 18-fold higher prevalence of hematophagous leech than invasive species, with T. dorbigni being the only species in which no leech infestation was observed. Infestation intensity also varied among species, with native turtles harboring more leeches. Probability of leech infestation increased with body size, and the hind limbs were significantly more infested. The diminished presence of ectoparasites on invasive Trachemys throughout this coexistence period supports the enemy release hypothesis, suggesting that the lack of natural enemies may be a potential driver facilitating their invasion success. These results provide baseline data for future studies exploring key factors in the success of the slider invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41345410,
year = {2025},
author = {Gómez-Suárez, M and Laeseke, P and Seebens, H},
title = {A global dataset of native and alien distributions of alien species.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1914},
pmid = {41345410},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {521530235//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 521530235//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 521529463//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions have been identified as a major threat to nature with far-reaching consequences also for human-wellbeing. Mitigating and preventing further impacts requires knowledge about the origins of alien species and their spread dynamics. While several new datasets have been published recently about alien species distributions, information about their native ranges is scarce and scattered. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset of the regions of origin and introduction of alien species worldwide. We accessed multiple global datasets of species distributions to compile, harmonize and integrate data of alien species distributions and their native ranges. Building on previous efforts, we advanced an existing workflow to allow full reproducibility and transparency in creating the dataset. The final dataset contains 427,956 records including alien distributions of 39,700 species and native distributions of 21,345 alien species in 289 regions worldwide. This dataset provides a solid foundation for analyses of alien species flows, the identification of new emerging alien species and the management of biological invasions through prioritizing major routes of spread.},
}
@article {pmid41345170,
year = {2025},
author = {McCartney, MA and Mallez, S and Anderson, S and Garbe, J and Hernández-Elizárraga, VH and Gohl, DM},
title = {Population genomics traces zebra mussel invasions along the expanding western North American front in Minnesota, USA to their source waters.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {43137},
pmid = {41345170},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Minnesota ; *Dreissena/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Lakes ; Genomics ; Genetics, Population ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Zebra mussels (ZMs) continue to transform aquatic ecosystems, threaten native species, and accrue high economic costs in the Northern Hemisphere. In 2024, Minnesota (MN) in the western Great Lakes became the state with the most ZM-infested lakes in the USA. We used population genomics to examine recent ancestry and infer the source water bodies from which ZMs colonized > 1/3 of MN lakes infested from 2003 to 2018 (when spread accelerated), then compared results to traffic between lakes of boaters and anglers, the suspect invasion vectors. Lake Superior, the Upper Mississippi River, Lake Erie, and several inland lakes were our top-ranked inferred sources. We traced ZMs in 51 of 58 infested lakes to source water bodies in-state, but most were not from alleged "superspreaders" (sensu epidemiology). Mille Lacs Lake, a popular angling destination and boater network hub, was a notable exception as the inferred source for three lakes. In three MN lake-rich regions in which spread continues to be concentrated, invasions from nearby were common, and sources were most often not high boat-traffic lakes, suggesting that vectors other than trailered boats need further evaluation. Geographic expansion of our population genomic dataset could provide genomic surveillance and guide prevention of the continuing spread of ZMs.},
}
@article {pmid41345163,
year = {2025},
author = {Janáč, M and Bojková, J and Hnilička, M and Jurajda, P and Palupová, E and Šlapanský, L and Sychra, J},
title = {Factors affecting colonization and assemblage structure of fish in newly created ponds.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {43146},
pmid = {41345163},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {SS06010189//Technology Agency of the Czech Republic/ ; SS06010189//Technology Agency of the Czech Republic/ ; SS06010189//Technology Agency of the Czech Republic/ ; SS06010189//Technology Agency of the Czech Republic/ ; SS06010189//Technology Agency of the Czech Republic/ ; SS06010189//Technology Agency of the Czech Republic/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ponds ; Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; *Fishes/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Wetlands ; },
abstract = {The construction of new ponds is a widely used mitigation measure in wetland restoration. While fish colonization can compromise their ecological function, knowledge of how frequently, how rapidly, and by which mechanisms fish colonize these habitats is severely limited. In our study of 123 newly created, originally fishless ponds in the Central European agricultural landscape, 58.5% were found to host fish. Fish were already present in 40% of one-year-old ponds and the proportion of non-colonized ponds did not depend on their age. The most common species were the invasive topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) and Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), along with the native rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus). The likelihood of fish colonisation increased with pond area and depth but decreased with the width of littoral vegetation and distance from the nearest settlement, the latter suggesting a strong effect of anthropogenic dispersal. Ponds hosting invasive or stocked fish assemblages exhibited significantly reduced water transparency and submerged macrophyte cover, indicating potential negative impact on their biodiversity. Overall, the study highlights that without effective control of fish dispersal, newly created ponds in agricultural landscape risk losing much of their conservation value and, in some cases, may even facilitate the persistence and spread of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41342335,
year = {2025},
author = {Camus, L and Rode, NO and Serga, S and Loiseau, A and Chen, X and Iampietro, C and Kenis, M and Marande, W and Mensch, J and Parinello, H and Savić Veselinović, M and Valière, S and Zhang, J and Estoup, A and Boitard, S and Gautier, M},
title = {Adaptive Challenges of Past and Future Invasion of Drosophila suzukii: Insights From Novel Genomic Resources and Statistical Methods Combining Individual and Pool Sequencing Data.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {24},
pages = {e70192},
doi = {10.1111/mec.70192},
pmid = {41342335},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {ANR-10-INBS-09//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; ANR-23-EXMA-0002//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; PAUSE-ANR Ukraine Program//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Drosophila/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; *Genomics/methods ; *Genetics, Population ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Genome, Insect ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {Global change is accelerating biological invasions, making it crucial to understand how species adapt in new environments to improve management strategies. Genomic data provide valuable insights into adaptation through genotype-environment association (GEA) studies, which identify genes and biological processes tied to invasion success, and through geometric genomic offset (gGO) statistics, which estimate genetic (mal)adaptation to new environments. Here, we investigate genetic adaptation in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii using novel genomic resources and statistical methods. We use a new chromosome-level genome assembly and data from 37 populations, combining publicly available and newly generated pooled and individual sequencing data, analysed with an enhanced version of BayPass software, tailored for such hybrid datasets. First, we identify genomic regions showing genetic differentiation between native and invasive populations. Then, using a GEA with 29 environmental covariates, we estimate the gGO between the source environments and the invaded areas, shedding light on the potential adaptive challenges D. suzukii faced during previous invasions. In addition, we estimate gGO for geographical areas not yet invaded to predict future invasion risks, and identify regions from which preadapted populations may originate. Our results reveal numerous genomic regions associated with the invasive status from genome scans. However, when considering broader patterns of adaptation to specific environmental variables through gGO analyses, we find that D. suzukii populations likely faced only limited adaptive challenges across their major invasion range, while certain uninvaded regions still remain at high risk of future invasion. Our study offers significant insights into D. suzukii adaptation and provides a practical population genomics framework to predict biological invasions, applicable to various species.},
}
@article {pmid41342334,
year = {2025},
author = {Haydar Ali Tajuddin, A and Isa, NF and Mohd Nasir, MH},
title = {Biomarkers Driving Precision Medicine in Non-functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgaf650},
pmid = {41342334},
issn = {1945-7197},
abstract = {Nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PitNETs) display considerable biological heterogeneity, posing challenges for accurate prognostication and personalised management. This systematic review, conducted in Scopus and Web of Science in accordance with PRISMA 2020, identified 29 primary studies and categorised all molecular findings into three core themes: (1) invasion biology and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); (2) non-coding RNAs and liquid biopsy markers; and (3) multi-omics, epigenetic, and prognostic signatures. Within the invasion/EMT theme, gonadotroph tumours consistently demonstrated the strongest EMT-linked activity, including SNAI-mediated transitions, Vimentin upregulation, and β-catenin alterations. Corticotroph tumours showed intermediate EMT involvement, while null-cell tumours exhibited invasion patterns driven mainly by hypoxia-related protease dysregulation rather than EMT. In the non-coding RNA and circulating biomarker theme, several candidates, including exosomal miR-486-5p, miR-151a-5p, and exosomal MMP1, have shown diagnostic or prognostic value, although subtype specificity remains limited. The multi-omics and epigenetic theme revealed subtype-dependent molecular programmes: gonadotroph tumours were associated with PI3K-AKT pathway enrichment and SF-1 labelling heterogeneity; recurrent lesions showed elevated nuclear pEGFR T693 and MCM7; while DNA methylation mapping identified subtype-relevant loci such as NUP93, LGALS1, and GABRA1. Phosphoproteomic and acetylomic profiling further highlighted alterations in metabolic, kinase-driven, and cell-adhesion pathways linked to invasion and recurrence. Overall, the lineage-aligned synthesis indicates that NF-PitNETs progress through diverse molecular pathways, with each subtype dominated by distinct regulatory networks. Although many biomarkers show promise, most remain exploratory, highlighting the need for harmonised methods and multicentre validation to support precision diagnostics and prognostic modelling.},
}
@article {pmid41339962,
year = {2025},
author = {Rosas-Guerrero, J and Carmona, R and Altamirano, M},
title = {Seasonal Photosynthetic Acclimation as a Key Invasiveness Character in Rugulopteryx okamurae (Dictyotales, Ochrophyta).},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {177},
number = {6},
pages = {e70666},
pmid = {41339962},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {0809202010//Fundaci&#xf3;n Biodiversidad/ ; UMA20-FEDERJA-006//European Regional Development Fund/ ; CBUA//Universidad de M&#xe1;laga/ ; },
mesh = {*Photosynthesis/physiology ; Seasons ; *Acclimatization/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Alismatales/physiology ; },
abstract = {The high variability of natural environments poses significant challenges to photosynthetic organisms, which must adapt to constant fluctuations. Mechanisms such as acclimation and adaptation are essential for mitigating stress and ensuring survival. Rugulopteryx okamurae, an invasive alien seaweed recently introduced into Mediterranean and Atlantic waters, displays a remarkable ecological success, forming dense monospecific populations throughout diverse environments. This persistence suggests highly efficient acclimation mechanisms, possibly driven by seasonal physiological performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seasonal physiological response of R. okamurae to seasonal environmental fluctuations within a Posidonia oceanica meadow in the Alboran Sea, to better understand the photosynthetic acclimation strategies underlying its invasiveness. Photosynthesis-irradiance curves, pigment concentrations and elemental composition were analysed in individuals sampled bimonthly from July 2021 to July 2022 at a -10 m depth. Results showed significant seasonal variation in physiological parameters, highlighting a consistent acclimation capacity and robust photosynthetic performance. Fluctuations in pigment content and photosynthetic variables reflected the species' ability to optimise metabolic activity in response to environmental changes. Light compensation and saturation parameters further indicated strong photoadaptive capacity, enabling the species to thrive under both low and high light conditions. Its tolerance to a broad range of environmental factors, combined with mechanisms that prevent photoinhibition, may explain its persistence across seasons and wide depth ranges in the Alboran Sea. Although further research along depth gradients is needed, these findings underscore the role of physiological plasticity in the ecological success of R. okamurae and highlight the value of field-based studies in understanding invasion processes of marine macrophytes.},
}
@article {pmid41339553,
year = {2026},
author = {Clements, HS and Biggs, R and De Vos, A and Do Linh San, E and Hempson, GP and Linden, B and Maritz, B and Monadjem, A and Reynolds, C and Siebert, F and Stevens, N and Child, M and Di Minin, E and Esler, KJ and Hamann, M and Loft, T and Reyers, B and Selomane, O and Singh, G and Skowno, AL},
title = {A place-based assessment of biodiversity intactness in sub-Saharan Africa.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {649},
number = {8095},
pages = {113-121},
pmid = {41339553},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Forests ; Grassland ; Sustainable Development ; Agriculture ; },
abstract = {Maintaining biodiversity is central to the sustainable development agenda[1]. However, a lack of context-specific biodiversity information at policy-relevant scales has posed major limitations to decision-makers[2,3]. To address this challenge, we undertook a comprehensive assessment of the biodiversity intactness of sub-Saharan Africa[4] using place-based knowledge of 200 African biodiversity experts[5]. We estimate that the region has on average lost 24% of its pre-colonial and pre-industrial faunal and floral population abundances, ranging from losses of <20% for disturbance-adapted herbaceous plants to 80% for some large mammals. Rwanda and Nigeria are the least intact (<55%), whereas Namibia and Botswana are the most intact (>85%). Notably, most remaining organisms occur in unprotected, relatively untransformed rangelands and natural forests. Losses in biodiversity intactness in the worst-affected biomes are driven by land transformation into cropland in grasslands and fynbos (Mediterranean-type ecosystems), by non-agricultural degradation in forests and by a combination of the two drivers in savannas. This assessment provides decision-makers with multifaceted, contextually appropriate and policy-relevant information on the state of biodiversity in an understudied region of the world. Our approach could be used in other regions, including better-studied localities, to integrate contextual, place-based knowledge into multiscale assessments of biodiversity status and impacts.},
}
@article {pmid41339447,
year = {2025},
author = {Eymar-Dauphin, P and Renault, D and Bounous, M and Le Falher, K and Pillard, C and Bittebiere, AK},
title = {Living together in a context of plant invasion: the example of the plant communities at the Iles Kerguelen.},
journal = {npj biodiversity},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
pmid = {41339447},
issn = {2731-4243},
support = {ANR-20-EBI5-0004//Biodiversa+/ ; ANR-20-EBI5-0004//Biodiversa+/ ; ANR-20-EBI5-0004//Biodiversa+/ ; },
abstract = {With invasions, functionally differing plant species meet. The traits of native and alien species should then be modified, affecting coexistence. We studied trait variation in four native and five alien plant species on the Iles Kerguelen along gradients of alien abundance. We measured traits related to competition and stress tolerance, and compared them along the gradients, their mean, variability, and range, at the species and the community levels, through univariate (analyses of variance) and multi-traits (hypervolume) approaches. Native and alien species occupied overlapping trait spaces, mostly because aliens are more variable than natives. Along the gradients, native and alien species showed similar mean strategies, with no variation in their trait range or variance. At the community level, a shift from convergence to divergence along the gradients was observed in most traits. Our results highlight that not only the response of aliens but also of native species should be studied under invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41338088,
year = {2025},
author = {Moore, EM and Pimentel, IM and Schäfer, RB and Svendsen, C and Orton, F},
title = {Long-term individual and population effects of multiple stressors, using a model freshwater mollusc (Lymnaea stagnalis).},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {308},
number = {},
pages = {119505},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119505},
pmid = {41338088},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lymnaea/drug effects/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; *Stress, Physiological ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Climate Change ; Temperature ; Introduced Species ; Fresh Water ; },
abstract = {Human activities are driving biodiversity loss by increasing the exposure to multiple environmental stressors with pollution, climate change and invasive species being amongst the most important contributors. Here, we used the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, as a model organism to investigate the combined effects of an environmentally relevant pollutant mixture, temperature increase and an invasive predator cue on physiological endpoints and behaviour. Dose-response data from single stressor exposures gathered over the partial life-cycle exposure period were used to calculate effect concentrations (EC10 and EC30) and responses to their combinations were investigated. At the EC30 for temperature (20 °C vs. 22 °C), effects were widely observed. While growth and reproduction were stimulated, this modest temperature increase negatively impacted survival (20 % reduction). Neither the pollutant mixture nor the predator cue severely impacted the examined responses and did not exacerbate the temperature effects. By contrast, the application of all three stressors at the EC30 level tended to ameliorate stress, compared to the temperature EC30 alone. Exploratory analyses also revealed that snails that avoided the predator cue by moving above the water line exhibited higher growth than those that remained in the water. Our results indicate that a number of organismal trade-offs may be occurring, such as between survival and reproduction, highlighting the complexities of predicting the impact of multiple stressors. Finally, the pronounced effects observed in response to this temperature increase (+2°C) is concerning, as this is within currently observed planetary warming, with organisms inhabiting small water bodies particularly susceptible due to their small water volumes.},
}
@article {pmid41335619,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoshimura, M and Suwabe, M and Tsuji, K and Baba, Y and Kakazu, H and Miyagi, T and Ogasawara, M and Uematsu, J and Economo, EP and Ono, K},
title = {Maximum effect with minimum impact: A new selective control strategy for the Browsing ant Lepisiota frauenfeldi (Formicidae: Formicinae) minimize the impact on non-target species.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {e0337230},
pmid = {41335619},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Japan ; *Insect Control/methods ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Early-stage control of invasive ants provides an opportunity to suppress establishment while conserving existing biodiversity. We developed and tested a selective control strategy targeting the Browsing ant Lepisiota frauenfeldi, an emerging omnivorous, polygynous, and polydomous invader, during its initial establishment in an urban area of Okinawa Island, Japan. Because the local ant community was still present when the invasion was detected, the trial aimed at reducing the competitive advantage of the target species while preserving biotic resistance from resident species. We hypothesized that weakening L. frauenfeldi through selective chemical treatment would allow existing species to occupy its vacant niches, thereby accelerating eradication. Species-specific baits were formulated using a growth regulator with protein- and carbohydrate-based substrates. Baits were placed near nest entrances identified through monthly surveys over an area of approximately 1.6 hectares. Ant community dynamics were monitored for 44 months using hand-collection and sticky-trap surveys. The invasive ant showed a strong negative response to treatment, with an estimated 92% reduction in occurrence probability, ultimately disappearing from the treated area. Several non-target ant species increased in frequency, consistent with expectation of the niche reoccupation, while most other species remained stable, indicating minimal impact on the broader community. Compared to conventional methods, this approach used drastically less chemical while achieving high efficacy. Implementation through cross-organizational collaboration enabled parallel treatment in adjacent restricted areas and contributed to the program's success. These results highlight the practical and ecological value of nest-targeted, community-collaborative selective baiting as a strategy for managing omnivorous invasive ants during early establishment.},
}
@article {pmid41332643,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, IK and Messer, PW},
title = {Predicting the invasiveness of threshold-dependent gene drives.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41332643},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R35 GM152242/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Gene drives hold great promise for controlling disease vectors or invasive species due to their capacity to rapidly spread through a population from a small initial release. This same property also raises serious concerns about unintended spillover into non-target populations. Threshold-dependent gene drive systems, which can spread only when introduced above a critical population frequency, have been proposed as a more controllable alternative, yet their invasion dynamics in spatially structured populations remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze invasion criteria for threshold-dependent gene drives in continuous-space populations using deterministic reaction-diffusion models and individual-based simulations that better capture the stochasticity of real-world populations. We find substantial variability in invasion outcomes in the individual-based models. Low-threshold modification drives with small fitness costs frequently spread across a wide range of release sizes, including introductions far below those required to succeed in diffusion models. In contrast, threshold-dependent suppression drives exhibit qualitatively different behavior: stochastic effects at low density can often disrupt wavefronts or produce persistent chasing cycles, generally reducing invasion success relative to diffusion-model expectations. Overall, our results show that the spatial containment of threshold-dependent gene drives is more complex than predicted by non-spatial or purely deterministic models, highlighting the importance of spatially explicit analyses when evaluating their real-world performance.},
}
@article {pmid41332169,
year = {2025},
author = {Micheletti, T and Mello, TJ and Verona, C and Gasparotto, VPO and Krul, R and Araujo, R and Sampaio, T and Mangini, PR},
title = {Lessons from an eradication under multiple constraints of an island rat population of record density.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70186},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70186},
pmid = {41332169},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {CIMP220//NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program/ ; 529743012//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; CPT 00969-2017//WWF Brasil/ ; //Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/ ; GEF-Mar 1//Instituto Chico Mendes de Conserva&#xe7;&#xe3;o da Biodiversidade/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive rats threaten island biodiversity, disrupting ecosystems and endangering native species. Although rat eradication has succeeded on many islands, tropical islands present unique management challenges. Strict regulations and financial constraints on some tropical islands further limit proven eradication methods, complicating rodent management. We applied a real-time active adaptive management approach that provided a cautious, cost-efficient, and scientifically grounded pathway to rat eradication, while adhering to strict environmental regulations, on Ilha do Meio, Brazil. The cost was US$3300 per hectare, and the management actions were grounded in close interdisciplinary collaboration. We applied rodenticide (brodifacoum), monitored the rat population, and made iterative management adjustments. The rat overpopulation was eradicated within 5 months, and population increases were observed early on in the threatened masked booby (Sula dactylatra), and the endemic Noronha elaenia (Elaenia ridleyana) and Noronha skink (Trachylepis atlantica). Despite logistical constraints, our approach proved effective and cost-efficient, marking its first application in a biological system. Our findings highlight the value of innovation, close interdisciplinary collaboration, and adaptive decision-making when the application of best-practice methods is constrained.},
}
@article {pmid41331854,
year = {2025},
author = {Yıldız, T and Demirel, N and Ulman, A and Çanak, &#xd6; and Kesiktaş, M and Buyuran, H and Şahinoğlu, U and Cömert, N and Eryılmaz, L and Yemişken, E},
title = {Growth and reproductive dynamics of the devil firefish, Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828), in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70296},
pmid = {41331854},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {FUA-2020-34578.//Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University/ ; },
abstract = {The devil firefish, Pterois miles, an invasive alien species, presents a growing threat to marine biodiversity due to its rapid population expansion and significant ecological impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. This study, conducted between February 2020 and April 2021, aimed to assess the growth patterns and reproductive behaviour to better understand its invasion dynamics in Turkey. Monthly sampling revealed its length-weight relationship, with positive allometric growth. The reproductive dynamics showed a prolonged spawning season from June to November, with females displaying high fecundity, averaging 20,743 oocytes per batch. Females reached first maturity at 20.1 cm total length, and its natural mortality rate was estimated at 0.8 per year. Understanding life-history characteristics of lionfish is important for understanding its invasion success and may help develop effective measures to control its invasion to protect regional marine native biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41331668,
year = {2025},
author = {Blöcker, AM and Auch, D and Gutte, HM and Biederbick, J and Asselot, R and Färber, L and Börner, G and Kamberi, E and Madiraca, F and Ofelio, C and Steidle, L and Moullec, F},
title = {Identifying and addressing the anthropogenic drivers of global change in the North Sea: a systematic map.},
journal = {Environmental evidence},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {24},
pmid = {41331668},
issn = {2047-2382},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Marine ecosystems worldwide face extreme stress from human activities, with the North Sea being particularly affected and experiencing altered processes. To assess anthropogenic drivers for sustainable management, the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) distinguished five main anthropogenic drivers: direct exploitation of fish and seafood, sea use change, human-driven climate change, pollution, and invasive alien species. However, evidence of the drivers' relevance and their potential effects on species and the environment over time remains scarce. This systematic map provides knowledge on the five main anthropogenic drivers in the North Sea from 1945 to 2020 and identifies potential knowledge gaps in terms of management implications.<br><br>METHODS: To identify relevant articles we used our published systematic map protocol. We conducted systematic searches of academic and grey literature in English, German, and French in online databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, AquaDocs). The search followed a Population-Exposure-Comparison-Outcome framework and included the period January 1945 to December 2020. A total of 22,511 articles were deduplicated and screened by title and abstract, the remaining 5795 were screened full-text to provide a widely integrated evidence base. A set of 3356 articles were retained following eligibility criteria and were included in the final database. We extracted information on drivers in detail and their effects on study populations within different areas in the North Sea. Knowledge clusters and gaps were identified from the scientific effort and are synthesized narratively.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of the 3356 articles, the majority focused on pollution throughout the entire period of 75&#xa0;years. Research interest has increased in climate change and biological invasion only in the most recent decades. We identified knowledge clusters in the southern North Sea, especially in ICES standard species areas 6 and 7, which has the most articles overall, mainly emphasizing pollution. Northern areas were in contrast studied the least. The effects of pollution were mainly linked to changes in chemical water properties and to contamination levels for benthos and fish. The other drivers were rather associated with changes in biomass or abundance, with a strong focus on fish and benthos populations. A key knowledge gap was on the effects of global change, herein defined as simultaneous assessment of all five drivers, at different organizational levels and therein on different populations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This systematic map reveals substantial peer-reviewed evidence on the five main anthropogenic drivers in the North Sea. The map uncovers a strong increase in research interest regarding these drivers over the years, with a strong focus towards pollution and southern North Sea areas. Despite the increasing importance of climate change effects, this map highlights limited research effort on it. As ecosystem management nowadays strives for sustainable use of marine systems, it is more important than ever to understand linkages between drivers, potential cumulative effects and possible repercussions. The map revealed a strong knowledge gap regarding these linkages due to global change. On this basis, further systematic reviews can acknowledge these gaps, identifying the drivers' impacts and their quick evolvement to support management decision-making at various governance levels.},
}
@article {pmid41331512,
year = {2025},
author = {Izquierdo-Palma, J and Hernández-Brito, D and Hiraldo, F and García-Callejas, D and Tella, JL and Carrete, M},
title = {Multi-layer networks reveal changes in plant-bird interactions driven by invasive species.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1735},
pmid = {41331512},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Parrots/physiology ; *Birds/physiology ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions can strongly disrupt ecosystems, reshaping their structure and functioning. We investigate how two widespread invasive parrots -the rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri and the monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus- affect plant-bird interaction networks using a multilayer framework. Field data were collected over a full annual cycle in an area with both species, accumulating 288 h of observations and tracking 24,561 fruits from 576 plants. Parakeets modified networks by introducing novel interactions, increasing species turnover and altering modularity and nestedness. Acting as both seed predators and dispersers, they became central connectors, enabling native birds to access previously unavailable resources and increasing rare dispersal mechanisms. Their activities increased antagonisms and generated new interspecific interactions with numerous plant species. By exploiting plants not previously used by local birds, parakeets heightened the risk of secondary invasions and the spread of exotic plants. These findings underscore their dual roles in disrupting and restructuring ecological networks and stress the need to reassess their contributions in native and invaded ecosystems. Understanding their potential to facilitate exotic plant expansion is critical, as their ecological impacts will likely intensify with population growth and geographic spread. Comprehensive assessments are essential to predict and mitigate these far-reaching consequences.},
}
@article {pmid41327533,
year = {2025},
author = {Simian, D and Funes, G and Tecco, PA and Ferreras, AE and Venier, MP and Marcora, PI and Vercellino, BR and Zeballos, SR},
title = {Behind coexistence: The role of regenerative niche divergence in the invasion of multiple confamilial woody species.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {112},
number = {12},
pages = {e70134},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70134},
pmid = {41327533},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {Germination ; *Introduced Species ; Seedlings/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Seeds/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; Argentina ; Temperature ; Plant Dormancy ; Light ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Multispecies invasions raise questions about the mechanisms enabling coexistence. Differences in regenerative niche requirements may reduce competition and facilitate coinvasion in related species with similar life forms, phenology, and habitat ranges. We expected closely related woody invaders to differ in germination phenology and seedling stress tolerance during early life stages.<br><br>METHODS: We compared the regenerative niche requirements of four confamilial non-native shrubs (Pyracantha angustifolia, Pyracantha atalantoides, Cotoneaster franchetii, and Cotoneaster glaucophyllus), using seeds from a single invaded site where they co-occur in the C&#xf3;rdoba Mountains, Argentina. We evaluated germination and seedling establishment using germination chambers and greenhouse conditions. We assessed germination responses to alternating temperatures, light sensitivity, seed mass, and dormancy, and seedling performance under varying light and water levels.<br><br>RESULTS: While all species shared the same optimal germination temperature under an alternating regime of 25&#xb0;C during the day and 15&#xb0;C at night, they differed in seed mass, final germination percentage, germination temperature range and speed, and dormancy-breaking treatments. High germination of P. angustifolia contrasted with seed dormancy of the other species. Seedlings varied in performance and functional traits related to resource acquisition and use. In stressful conditions, Cotoneaster species outperformed Pyracantha, especially under low light.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Differences in germination phenology and seedling tolerance to water stress and low light suggest potential niche differentiation across irradiance and water gradients. These interspecific differences among coinvasive species may influence establishment sites, leading to spatial segregation and facilitating coexistence in multispecies-invaded ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41326755,
year = {2025},
author = {Tamang, S and Khanal, S and Chaudhary, T and Poudel, J and Rawal, B and Paneru, C and Poudel, YB and Lamichhane, N and Shrestha, UB and Sharma, HP and Devkota, A and Shrestha, BB},
title = {Invasive Weeds Reduce Plant Diversity and Alter Species Composition in Rangelands of Tropical Protected Areas in Nepal.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {24},
pmid = {41326755},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Office of Rector, Tribhuvan University/ ; },
mesh = {Nepal ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; *Plant Weeds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Soil/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Lantana ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in protected areas (PAs) worldwide. This study examines ecological impacts of invasive weeds Lantana camara and Mesosphaerum suaveolens on plant species diversity, community composition and soil chemical properties in Parsa and Shuklaphanta National Parks (NPs), Nepal. In total, we sampled 180 pairs of 5 m × 5 m plots, comprising 45 pairs (3 sites × 15 pairs) for each invasive species in each NP. Across all sampling sites, these weeds consistently reduced species diversity (Shannon, Simpson indices), despite the species- and site-specific variations in species richness and soil characteristics. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and Canonical correspondence analysis revealed substantial modifications in plant species composition, along with shifts in indicator species and an increase in the relative cover of established alien plants in invaded plots. While the effects of invasions on soil properties were inconsistent, L. camara significantly increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in Parsa, whereas M. suaveolens had no measurable impact on soil parameters except soil pH in either PA. These results suggest that species diversity indices and changes in species composition serve as reliable ecological indicators for assessing impacts of invasive weeds and monitoring ecological restorations. The decline in species diversity and alterations in plant community composition can have cascading effects on ecosystem processes and livelihoods of local communities. Given the increasing threats of plant invasions in Nepal's PAs, urgent and effective management interventions are needed to prevent further spread, mitigate ecological and socio-economic impacts, and restore invaded habitats.},
}
@article {pmid41326480,
year = {2025},
author = {Poonia, P and Gaur, L and Parihar, S and Jadhav, R and Solanki, VS and Annu, and Zairov, R and Fulekar, MH and Yadav, VK},
title = {Biochar from invasive weeds for enhanced removal of organic pollutants and pathogens from municipal wastewater.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {44562},
pmid = {41326480},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Charcoal/chemistry ; *Wastewater/microbiology/chemistry ; *Plant Weeds/chemistry ; *Water Purification/methods ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation &amp; purification/chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Introduced Species ; India ; },
abstract = {Agro-waste management and waste water treatment is one of the major global issues. The present study investigated biochars derived from invasive weeds Calotropis gigantea, Crotalaria burhia, and Tephrosia purpurea for municipal wastewater treatment in Jodhpur, India. Biochars produced at 450 °C yielded 31% (C. gigantea), 33.23% (C. burhia), and 30.18% (T. purpurea). Untreated wastewater showed high pollutant loads, including COD (369 mg/L), BOD (58 mg/L), turbidity (66 NTU), color (175 Hazen), SAR (13.07), and coliform count (177.5 ± 4.86 MPN/100 mL). Treatment with biochar improved water quality within 4 h of residence time. C. burhia exhibited the highest efficiency which reduced COD and BOD by 89% and 88.27%, respectively, followed by C. gigantea (65.85%, 63.41%) and T. purpurea (66.39%, 60.34%). Dissolved oxygen increased by 51.35% with C. burhia, 37.83% with C. gigantea, and 32.43% with T. purpurea. Turbidity and color removal efficiencies were highest for C. gigantea (77.71%) and C. burhia (75.43%), while SAR declined by 38.79%, 29.84%, and 25.78%, respectively, enhancing irrigation suitability. Total coliform counts decreased by up to 73.33% with C. burhia. Overall, invasive weed-derived biochars with high fixed carbon (64-81%) proved sustainable, low-cost alternatives for wastewater remediation while addressing invasive species management.},
}
@article {pmid41326119,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhou, Y and Liu, J and Zhao, XY and Yang, WJ and Adang, MJ and Shen, GM},
title = {The DMPA secreted by the pitcher of Nepenthes × ventrata demonstrates insecticidal activity against a range of insect pests.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {216},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {106782},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106782},
pmid = {41326119},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; Volatile Organic Compounds/pharmacology/metabolism ; Moths/drug effects ; Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects ; *Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/chemistry/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The prolonged use of traditional chemical pesticides has led to the emergence of resistance in pest populations, and the discovery of bioactive compounds with novel insecticidal mechanisms offers a promising strategy to broaden the current repertoire of pest management approaches. Natural compounds derived from plants constitute a vast resource for the development of novel pesticides. As a carnivorous plant, Nepenthes × ventrata is capable of secreting a diverse array of compounds that serve to attract and digest insects. In this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by N. × ventrata were identified. Compared with leaves, 28 VOCs were highly enriched in the pitchers of N. × ventrata. Y-tube behavior assays demonstrated sporadic attractant activity of 2,2-dimethyl-4-pentenoic acid (DMPA) on Bactrocera dorsalis, whereas no significant attractive effects on Tuta absoluta and Drosophila melanogaster were observed. When administered via both fumigation and contact exposure, DMPA exhibited significant lethality against these three pests. Limited proteolytic mass spectrometry (Lip-MS) analysis revealed that two ferritins, Tafer1 and Tafer2, from T. absoluta interacted with DMPA. In conclusion, the DMPA secreted by N. × ventrata is characterized as a bioactive compound exhibiting insecticidal activity, and thus represents a promising candidate for development as a novel insecticidal agent.},
}
@article {pmid41326094,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, D and Yu, M and Huang, L and Ye, J and Wu, X},
title = {Engineered bacterium Pseudomonas abietaniphila BHJ04-BLG4 controls pine wilt disease via nematocidal activity and induction of host systemic resistance.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {216},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {106729},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106729},
pmid = {41326094},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Plant Diseases/parasitology/prevention &amp; control ; *Pinus/microbiology/parasitology ; Disease Resistance ; *Pseudomonas/genetics/physiology ; *Antinematodal Agents/pharmacology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; },
abstract = {Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a destructive global forest disease for which microbial control offers promising potential. Pseudomonas abietaniphila BHJ04, an endophytic bacterium from Pinus massoniana, has been shown to induce host resistance. To enhance its biocontrol efficacy against PWD, we engineered this strain to improve nematicidal activity while maintaining resistance induction. An exogenous nematicidal gene encoding the extracellular alkaline serine protease BLG4 was introduced into BHJ04 by conjugation transfer, generating strain BHJ04-BLG4. Colonization in P. massoniana stems peaked 15 days post-inoculation (2.06 × 10[4] copies/μL). In vitro assays demonstrated that purified BLG4 degraded nematode cuticles and killed nematodes (IC50 = 35.98 μg/mL), while crude lysate supernatant from 48 h cultures achieved 100 % nematicidal activity. In greenhouse trials, BHJ04-BLG4 reduced PWD incidence to 40 % (control efficacy: 86.66 %). RT-qPCR showed significant induction of host defense genes: dehydration-responsive protein (315.06-fold at 48 h), and chitinase, PR-2 (β-1,3-glucanase), and PR-5 (thaumatin-like protein) genes (7.43-34.26-fold within 24-48 h). Preliminary ecological safety tests indicated that BHJ04-BLG4 caused no disease symptoms in tobacco, alfalfa, or P. thunbergii. These findings suggest that BHJ04-BLG4 confers enhanced resistance to PWD through synergistic mechanisms of direct nematicidal activity and host systemic resistance induction. This engineered strain represents a novel and sustainable biocontrol strategy for PWD management.},
}
@article {pmid41326086,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, J and Tang, X and Long, K and Zhou, S and Pan, L and Yang, W and Shen, G},
title = {Recombinant defense protease inhibitors from Vigna unguiculata show bioactivity against non-host related pests.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {216},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {106716},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106716},
pmid = {41326086},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Vigna/genetics/chemistry/metabolism ; Moths/drug effects ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; *Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Larva/drug effects ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; Tetranychidae/drug effects ; *Plant Proteins/pharmacology/genetics ; },
abstract = {The long-term use of chemical pesticides has caused resistance, environmental pollution and other problems, in contrast, biological pesticides are safer and more environmentally friendly. Plant defense substances are important sources of biopesticides for pest control. Although pests have developed adaptations to the host plant, the defense substances derived from plants still have activities against non-host related pests. The defense pathways and substances of Vigna unguiculata were identified by transcriptome sequencing under the treatments of mechanical damage and mite feeding. MAPK pathway related genes were identified as important regulators during the activation of plant defense. Among substances with potential direct activity, a total of 15 serine protease inhibitors and 8 cysteine protease inhibitors were screened out. Since the gene expression levels of VuCPI649 and VuSPI680 were significantly up-regulated in mite feeding group, the soluble proteins of VuCPI649 and VuSPI680 were obtained through heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Biological activity assays showed that recombinant VuCPI649 and VuSPI680 could significantly inhibit the hatching of the eggs of Tetranychus urticae, and recombinant VuCPI649 had insecticidal effect on the larvae of Tuta absoluta through feeding. Subsequently, the protease genes with specific expression patterns in T. urticae and T. absoluta were screened out as potential targets, and the interaction and binding sites between protease inhibitors and proteases were predicted. In conclusion, recombinant VuCPI649 and VuSPI680 are expected to become new types of insecticidal and acaricidal active substances.},
}
@article {pmid41325520,
year = {2025},
author = {Feng, Z and Blumenthal, E and Mehta, P and Goyal, A},
title = {A theory of ecological invasions and its implications for eco-evolutionary dynamics.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {49},
pages = {e2505850122},
pmid = {41325520},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {R35 GM119461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Predicting the outcomes of species invasions is a central goal of ecology, a task made especially challenging due to ecological feedbacks. To address this, we develop a general theory of ecological invasions applicable to a wide variety of ecological models: including Lotka-Volterra models, consumer resource models, and models with cross feeding. Importantly, our framework remains valid even when invading evolved (nonrandom) communities and accounts for invasion-driven species extinctions. We derive analytical expressions relating invasion fitness to invader abundance, shifts in the community, and extinction conditions. These results can be understood through a quantity we term "dressed invasion fitness," which augments the traditional notion of invasion fitness by incorporating ecological feedbacks. We apply our theory to analyze short-term evolutionary dynamics through a series of invasions by mutants whose traits are correlated with an existing parent. We demonstrate that, generically, mutants and parents can coexist, often by driving the extinction of low-abundance species. We validate theoretical predictions against experimental datasets spanning ecosystems from plants to microbial protists. Our work highlights the central role of ecological feedbacks in shaping community responses to invasions and mutations, suggesting that parent-mutant coexistence is widespread in eco-evolutionary dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid41323325,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, GQ and He, J and Hu, RN and Li, D and Liu, G},
title = {Object detection algorithm for eggs of Pomacea canaliculata in a paddy field environment.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1683763},
pmid = {41323325},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {As an invasive species in China, Pomacea canaliculata severely impacts crop quality and yield, necessitating effective monitoring for food security. To address the challenges in detecting its eggs in paddy fields-including feature contamination, stem and leaf occlusion, and dense targets-we propose an enhanced YOLOv8n-based algorithm. The method introduces omni-dimensional dynamic convolution (ODConv) in the backbone network to improve target feature extraction, constructs a Slim-neck structure to optimize feature processing efficiency, and designs a receptive-field attention head (RFAHead) for detection refinement. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved model achieves 3.3% and 4.2% higher mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 than the original YOLOv8. It outperforms Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3-tiny, YOLOv5, YOLOv6, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv9-t, YOLOv10n, and YOLOv11n by 18.2%, 12.4%, 5.2%, 10.8%, 11.6% 5.0%, 3.8%, and 3.4% in mAP@0.5 and 20.6%, 17.5%, 8.1%, 15.6%, 16.1%, 7.0%, 7.7%, and 6.5% in mAP@0.5:0.95, respectively. Visual analysis confirms enhanced recognition of small and occluded targets through improved feature learning. This model enables accurate and rapid detection of Pomacea eggs in rice fields, offering technical support for invasive species control.},
}
@article {pmid41321586,
year = {2025},
author = {Santibañez, A and Coccia, C and Barría, EM and Huenchuguala, S and Barros, M and Calvo-Mac, C and Medina-Vogel, G},
title = {Tag, you're it!: viral diseases in native otters of south-central Chile due to coexistence with invasive American mink and domestic dogs.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1634282},
pmid = {41321586},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Biological invasions represent a significant epidemiological route for the introduction and dispersion of pathogens, facilitating disease emergence and transmission among native biodiversity. In the temperate rainforest ecoregion of south-central Chile, the native semiaquatic mustelid Lontra felina (marine otter) and L. provocax (southern river otter) coexist both sympatrically and syntopically with two invasive species-American mink (Neogale vison) and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), that act as carriers and hosts of canine parvovirus and distemper.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: To assess the occurrence of both diseases, we: (1) collected serum and mucous membrane samples from four species across three sectors of this ecoregion; and (2) employed serological immunoassays (IgG) and genetic analyses (qPCR-HRM) to detect both active and past infections, and to genotypically characterize the two viral agents.<br><br>RESULTS: 75% of L. felina individuals tested positive for parvovirus. The melting temperature (Tm) of the analyzed DNA fragment revealed two diverging groups, suggesting the presence of two genotypic variants of the virus within this mammalian assemblage. L. felina individuals carried the variant with the higher Tm, which was also detected in N. vison from the same locality. In contrast, L. provocax individuals carried the variant with the lower Tm, while dogs and minks hosted both viral variants. Canine distemper virus was detected only in dogs that also tested positive for parvovirus.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Our results present the first report of parvovirus in L. felina and support the hypothesis that N. vison and dogs acts as metareservoir and mink also as a bridge host for its transmission. In the study area, the synanthropic behavior of N. vison and its interactions with domestic and native species may facilitate the diversification of emergent pathogens within Chilean native fauna.},
}
@article {pmid41321153,
year = {2025},
author = {Fernández-Delgado, C and Herrera, M},
title = {Past trends and future scenarios in the distribution of European catfish Silurus glanis in Spain.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70303},
pmid = {41321153},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {no. 0005764//Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge/ ; },
abstract = {The European catfish (Silurus glanis) is a giant Eurasian freshwater fish that has become a high-impact invasive species in Western Europe. In Spain, it was first introduced in 1974 in the Ebro River for sport fishing, and has since spread to multiple river basins, despite bans. We compiled all known occurrence records in Spain (1974-2024) from scientific surveys, government databases and citizen science, standardizing them on a 10 × 10 km grid. Using first-detection data per waterbody, we reconstructed the invasion timeline and calculated decadal expansion rates. We then applied nonlinear models to project future spread up to 2030. S. glanis now occupies seven major Iberian basins, expanding from one grid cell in the 1970s to 129 cells by 2024. The invasion was initially slow (1970s-1990s), followed by a rapid expansion from 2000 to 2009, when the area occupied increased six-fold. Since 2010 its expansion has moderated, although new introductions in the Duero, Guadalquivir and Andalusian Mediterranean basins have driven localized explosive growth. Logistic and Gompertz models suggest the invasion may be approaching saturation in long-invaded basins (e.g. Ebro), projecting only a slight increase in total area occupied by 2030. However, model confidence intervals remain broad, reflecting uncertainty due to potential illegal translocations and climate-driven habitat changes in the future. Our findings underscore the urgent need for proactive management: preventing human-mediated jump dispersal, enhancing monitoring for early detection and enforcing regulations. Continued data updates and risk modelling are vital to inform policy and targeted control against this high-risk invader.},
}
@article {pmid41319935,
year = {2026},
author = {Burie, JB and Ducrot, A and Seydi, O},
title = {Early-stage invasion and spreading speed in a resource-dependent dispersal model.},
journal = {Mathematical biosciences},
volume = {392},
number = {},
pages = {109585},
doi = {10.1016/j.mbs.2025.109585},
pmid = {41319935},
issn = {1879-3134},
mesh = {*Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; Mathematical Concepts ; Extinction, Biological ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {In this paper, we study the dynamics of biological invasion through complementary modeling frameworks in the context of nonlocal resource-driven dispersal. During the very early stage of invasion, when only a few individuals are present, demographic variability is crucial: extinction may occur even under favorable average conditions. To capture this, we use a branching-process approximation that provides explicit formulas for extinction probabilities, survival conditions, and mean extinction times. At larger scales and higher densities, invasion is described by a deterministic system of nonlinear integro-differential equations. For this system, we establish well-posedness and derive lower and upper bounds on the asymptotic spreading speed. A unifying threshold parameter T0, defined as the spectral radius of a next-generation operator, characterizes invasion outcomes: if T0≤1, extinction occurs; if T0>1, the invader persists and spreads. Importantly, the threshold derived from the early-stage approximation coincides with that of the deterministic model, thus providing a consistent criterion for invasion success. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the transition between extinction and persistence and highlight how resource-driven dispersal shapes invasion speed.},
}
@article {pmid41319531,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodríguez-Caballero, G and Torres, P and Díaz, G and Roldán, A and Caravaca, F},
title = {Lower specificity of mycorrhizal associations in the invader Nicotiana glauca could mediate adaptive advantages over the native plant species during the drought season.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1009},
number = {},
pages = {181053},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181053},
pmid = {41319531},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Droughts ; *Nicotiana/physiology/microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Soil Microbiology ; Seasons ; Rhizosphere ; },
abstract = {Mycorrhizal associations involving arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can play a critical role in the success of plant invasion processes, particularly under environmental stress conditions such as drought. This study investigated the effects of plant invasiveness, seasonal soil moisture (wet vs. dry seasons), and characteristics of invaded sites on AMF communities associated with the roots of the invasive species Nicotiana glauca and co-occurring native plants in Mediterranean semiarid ecosystems. High-throughput MiSeq sequencing identified 546 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of AMF, with members of the family Glomeraceae predominating in all samples. Native plants exhibited significantly greater AMF richness (the Chao1 richness estimator ranged from 21.8 under wet conditions to 40.4 under dry conditions) and diversity (the Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranged from 2.4 under wet conditions to 2.9 under dry conditions), whereas the AMF communities associated with N. glauca were less diverse and characterized by generalist taxa independently soil moisture (the Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranged from 2.0 under wet conditions to 2.1 under dry conditions). The rhizosphere of invasive plants exhibited higher enzymatic activities-including dehydrogenase, urease, and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (approximately 70 %, 33 %, and 26 % higher, respectively, than those in the rhizosphere of native plants)-with enzyme values remaining more stable across seasons. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that the AMF community composition was influenced by soil biochemical parameters, particularly the alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity related to phosphorus cycling. Moreover, rhizospheric soils of N. glauca displayed greater structural stability, especially during the dry season. These findings indicate that N. glauca supports resilient and functionally efficient AMF associations under varying water availability, which may enhance its ecological success in drought-affected environments.},
}
@article {pmid41318359,
year = {2026},
author = {Bufford, JL and Brandt, AJ and Chong, KY and Hooper, A and Kamelamela, KL and Martin, C and Parker, IM and Pauchard, A and Suding, KN and Peltzer, DA},
title = {Overcoming barriers to build partnerships for managing plant invasions under global change.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {e70180},
pmid = {41318359},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {//New Zealand's Biological Heritage National Science Challenge Ng&#x101; Koiora Tuku Iho/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Non-native plant invasions are a cross-boundary conservation challenge, requiring coordinated management and policy responses underpinned by science. Global change is expected to exacerbate this challenge by changing abiotic and biotic drivers of invasive plant distribution, abundance, and impact. Current approaches may no longer be effective, and management must adapt to new threats and conditions. Collaborative personal and institutional partnerships are crucial to link research to practice and policy in order to better manage the complex drivers of invasions and mitigate their impacts under ongoing global change. We used examples from local to global scales to demonstrate how reciprocal knowledge exchange and project codesign among researchers, practitioners, and policy makers can improve conservation outcomes and benefits from invasive species management. Researchers provide expertise needed to apply concepts to new contexts, practitioners hold essential local knowledge, and policy makers balance competing priorities. Combining these strengths leads to more effective and resilient management of plant invasions. This highlights the central importance of collaboration among people, including Indigenous peoples and other local communities, in decision-making and management. Best practices for developing partnerships between individual researchers and local and Indigenous communities, practitioners, and policy makers include engaging respectfully across knowledge and value systems, testing assumptions with data, considering ecological significance, and connecting across spatial scales. Structural solutions to overcome institutional and implementation barriers and develop effective partnerships include funding knowledge brokers and liaisons, collaboratively reviewing policies and practices, incentivizing long-term relationships and goals, and codeveloping data collection and storage. The resulting intentional, long-term partnerships will enable direct application of ecological knowledge to plant invasions and their management, support sustainable and locally backed solutions, and overcome lags in applying science to practice.},
}
@article {pmid41317645,
year = {2026},
author = {Chai, Z and Tao, Z and Yue, C and Li, R and Liu, Y and Shi, S and Yang, W and Sun, K and Tang, YZ},
title = {Shifts of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages over the past 100 years indicate the history of harmful algal blooms, eutrophication, and possible alien genotype invasion around the Shandong Peninsula, China.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {119064},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119064},
pmid = {41317645},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Dinoflagellida/genetics ; China ; *Harmful Algal Bloom ; *Eutrophication ; Genotype ; Biodiversity ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Introduced Species ; Geologic Sediments ; },
abstract = {Resting cysts play pivotal roles in dinoflagellate ecology (e.g. seeding harmful algal blooms, HABs) and may serve as indicators of ecological processes at different tempo-spatial scales. We investigated the species diversity, and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of dinoflagellate cysts assemblages contained in surface and core sediments around Shandong Peninsula via metabarcoding, and further explored their ecological implications. Metabarcoding sequencing of the cyst assemblages in 79 sediment samples (21 surface samples, and two cores cut into 26 and 32 2 cm-thick layers, respectively) revealed four major ecological inferences: 1) The northwestern Shandong Peninsula exhibited distinct composition, diversity, and community structure of cyst assemblages primarily driven by higher turbidity and lower chlorophyll a, indicating the unique Yellow River discharge-induced hydrological and physicochemical conditions have shaped the distinct phytoplankton community; 2) The area with extremely high abundance of Alexandrium catenella (toxic and HABs-causing species) cysts coincided with multiple documented blooming events in the past two decades, indicating this area may potentially serve as a seedbank of the species blooms; 3) Heterotrophic dinoflagellates exhibited significantly higher species richness and relative abundance since 1980, significantly paralleling to an eutrophication progression in the southern peninsula; 4) The ribotype B of Alexandrium leei and ribotype A of Azadinium dalianense appeared to be native to the region, whereas the other two ribotypes of both species may be recently invaded populations. Our findings exemplified the indicator roles of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in tracking past HAB events, eutrophication, cryptic bioinvasion, and other natural/anthropogenic activities and in assessing the risk of future HABs.},
}
@article {pmid41316998,
year = {2026},
author = {de Alcântara, BM and Santana, PHC and Santos, FRD and Almeida-Bezerra, JW and Costa, JGMD and Silva, DDC and Furlan, CM and Silva, MAPD},
title = {Allelopathy as a Strategy for Biological Invasion: Calotropis procera and Its Impact on Plant Succession.},
journal = {Chemistry &amp; biodiversity},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {e01711},
pmid = {41316998},
issn = {1612-1880},
mesh = {*Calotropis/chemistry/metabolism ; *Allelopathy ; Germination/drug effects ; Plant Leaves/chemistry/metabolism ; Seedlings/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; },
abstract = {This article reports on the allelopathic potential of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton foliage on Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos. Predominant species in semiarid environments, especially in the Caatinga of the Northeast, where it acts as an invasive species. The leaves of C. procera were mixed with soil from the Caatinga and left to decompose for 90 days. The control group consisted only of soil from the Caatinga, Northeast, Brazil. The germination test was conducted in quadruplicate (30 seeds/treatment). For growth, 30 replicates per treatment were used, each with one seedling of the recipient species. The identification of the chemical constituents of C. procera was assessed by GC-MS. The data was submitted to the one-way ANOVA test. Residues from the decomposition of C. procera litter negatively affected seedling germination, with a reduction of up to 80% in the treatments evaluated. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of 18 compounds, grouped into six main classes. Among the main compounds identified were: α-amyrin (C30H50O) with 2.69% and O-acetyl-β-amyrin (C32H52O2) with 6.19% concentration. Significant variation was observed in the thickness of the tissues and regions of the radicle, hypocotyl and leaves of H. impetiginosus. C. procera litter has a negative allelopathic potential on the recipient species, which could lead to their reduction in the natural environment.},
}
@article {pmid41316492,
year = {2025},
author = {Abbasi, M and Yousefi, S and Khayatzadeh, S and Azarmi, S and Normandipour, F},
title = {Detection of invasive Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): a crucial alert for public health in Northwest of Iran.},
journal = {Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique},
volume = {83},
number = {1},
pages = {288},
pmid = {41316492},
issn = {0778-7367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study investigates the efficiency of entomological surveillance programs in East Azerbaijan Province, focusing on Points of Entry (PoEs) along the Aras River, for the early detection of invasive Aedes. Given the increasing risk of dengue fever due to the presence of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in neighboring regions, the research aims to assess the distribution of these mosquitoes and other potential vectors.<br><br>METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted from April 2021 to August 2024 in high-risk regions of East Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran. Data collection involved biweekly surveillance at PoEs using ovitraps, larval surveys, and human-baited traps, with evaluations were expanded in July and August 2024 to address increased transportation activity at strategic locations outside the established surveillance program. Data were analyzed to identify population patterns and enhance understanding of mosquito dynamics in the region.<br><br>RESULTS: During a four-year entomological surveillance study, 22,553 mosquito specimens (Family: Culicidae) were collected, with 79% (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;17,803) from PoEs and the remaining (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;4,750) belonged to other areas. In PoEs, five species were identified and Culex pipiens was the predominant species (89%). Mosquito populations showed significant variation in abundance, peaking in July and August. In non-PoE locations, 14 species were collected during the study period, including the first detection of Ae. albopictus in East Azerbaijan Province.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study highlights the critical role of mosquito surveillance in detecting and managing invasive species. The dominance of Cx. pipiens and the presence of Ae. albopictus raise concerns about the transmission of arboviruses in the region. Therefore, effective measures for monitoring and controlling mosquito populations are crucial for preventing disease outbreaks in the region.},
}
@article {pmid41315389,
year = {2025},
author = {Demetriou, J and Martinou, AF and Bowler, D and Peyton, J and Pescott, OL and Michailidis, N and Mountford, O and Onete, M and Stoumboudi, M and Rathod, B and van Breda, J and Roy, HE and Zenetos, A},
title = {The Cyprus Database of Alien Species (CyDAS).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1881},
pmid = {41315389},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Cyprus ; *Introduced Species ; *Databases, Factual ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species (IAS) are a direct driver of global biodiversity loss, and can also affect societies, economies and human health. Maintaining up-to-date alien species inventories is important for informing policy and management decisions. Here we present the Cyprus Database of Alien Species (CyDAS), an openly accessible, online dataset providing informational resources on alien species on the island of Cyprus. The dataset (up to end of December 2023) includes information on 1,293 terrestrial, freshwater and marine introduced taxa, with species profiles being constantly updated to keep track of new arrivals. The CyDAS aims to catalogue and supplement our knowledge on the alien species of Cyprus; to help develop and enhance early warning and rapid response systems; to raise public awareness of the risks posed by the IAS subset; to strengthen and enhance engagement and public participation in surveys in the field of biological invasions; and to inform IAS policy. CyDAS is a free, online database and we would like to encourage other researchers and decision-makers to provide information on IAS.},
}
@article {pmid41314508,
year = {2026},
author = {Mallett, MC and Thiem, JD and Butler, GL and Carpenter-Bundhoo, L and Champion, C and Kennard, MJ},
title = {Evaluating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a tool for assessing freshwater fish condition.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular &amp; integrative physiology},
volume = {311},
number = {},
pages = {111958},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111958},
pmid = {41314508},
issn = {1531-4332},
mesh = {Animals ; *Electric Impedance ; Fresh Water ; *Fishes/physiology ; Body Composition ; },
abstract = {The nutritional status, or condition, of fish is a key health proxy influencing vital life history processes including migration, reproduction, and recruitment. Numerous morphological, biochemical, and electronic metrics are used to assess fish condition, yet it remains unclear if these metrics are congruent with each other and across species. This study evaluates bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a tool for assessing fish condition by comparing it with morphological (e.g. condition index, hepatosomatic index) and biochemical (e.g. percentage and total-body mass compositions of lipid, mineral, protein and water content and bulk C:N ratios in muscle tissue) condition metrics in three native Australian fish species (Macquaria ambigua, Nematalosa erebi, and Percalates novemaculeata) and one invasive species (Cyprinus carpio). Using simple least-squares linear regressions and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we uncovered that BIA parameters correlated strongly with total-body masses of biochemical components that covary with body size, but showed weaker correlations with percentage compositions of the same components. However, phase angle, a common BIA measure, showed some significant correlations with morphological condition and lipid content, although these relationships were generally weak and species dependent. These findings suggest that BIA can effectively estimate certain physiological parameters, but caution should be applied when interpreting BIA metrics, as their relationship with established indicators of condition may vary. The current study underscores the importance of combining multiple methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of fish condition in freshwater ecosystems, which can be used to provide mechanistic linkages with anthropogenic impacts.},
}
@article {pmid41314335,
year = {2026},
author = {Nguyen, JA and Tolley-Jordan, L and Slayton, AP and Richardson, BM and Rosser, TG},
title = {First report of a trematode infection in an invasive population of Pomacea maculata: Evidence of a phaneropsolid (Trematoda: Microphalloidea) and recommended methods for surveillance.},
journal = {Parasitology international},
volume = {112},
number = {},
pages = {103203},
doi = {10.1016/j.parint.2025.103203},
pmid = {41314335},
issn = {1873-0329},
mesh = {Animals ; *Trematoda/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; *Snails/parasitology ; Male ; Female ; Alabama/epidemiology ; Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/analysis/genetics ; Trematode Infections/epidemiology/parasitology ; Larva ; },
abstract = {Giant apple snails, Pomacea maculata (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae), are native to South America but are now invasively established in subtropical freshwater habitats worldwide. In May 2017, P. maculata from an urban pond in Mobile, Alabama, USA were found infected with a larval trematode, prompting further collections to determine prevalence and investigate effects of infection by snail sex and size. In total, 284 snails (n = 184 female, n = 100 male) were collected in May, August, and October of 2017 and 2018. Of these, 60 females and 23 males were infected with prevalence per sampling event ranging from 4 to 67 % in females and 0 to 47 % in males. Across all collections, average prevalence was 29.1 %, exceeding values previously reported for Pomacea spp. in their native or invasive ranges. Infection prevalence was positively associated with snail mass, especially in males, suggesting larger individuals are more likely to serve as hosts. Phylogenetic analyses of partial 28S ribosomal DNA sequences identified the trematode as a member of Phaneropsolidae (Microphalloidea), a family that infects ampullariid snails in their native range and includes Phaneropsolus spp., some of which are zoonotic. Comparisons of cercarial morphology against published descriptions complement the molecular results. This is the first report of a trematode infecting an invasive population of P. maculata. These methods and findings demonstrate the utility of simple tissue screening and 28S rDNA sequence data in the rapid detection and molecular identification of larval trematodes collected from invasive populations of snails, facilitated by a newly designed broad-range digenean primer.},
}
@article {pmid41312291,
year = {2025},
author = {Cooke, SJ and Baker, CL and Hinderer, JLM and Siefkes, M and Barber, JM and Steeves, TB and Docker, MF and Li, W and Wilkie, MP and Jones, ML and Robinson, KF and Dunlop, ES and Brant, CO and Johnson, NS and Mattes, WP and Gaden, M and Muir, AM},
title = {Ten lessons for controlling invasive species: Wisdom from the long-standing sea lamprey control program on the Laurentian Great Lakes.},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {75},
number = {11},
pages = {985-996},
pmid = {41312291},
issn = {0006-3568},
abstract = {Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America is among the largest and most successful control programs of an invasive species anywhere on the planet. The effort began more than 75 years ago; it unites multiple nations, states, and provinces with the common goal of controlling this invasive species and protecting a valuable fishery. The science-based control program is administered by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC), a body arising from a treaty signed by the United States and Canada. In the present article, we share 10 lessons learned from decades of successful sea lamprey control with the hopes of informing ongoing and future control programs targeting biological invasions. The 10 lessons we identified are to act boldly in times of crisis, to maintain the social license, to invest in capacity building, to break down the silos, to support fundamental science, to diversify your portfolio of control measures, to strive for continuous improvement, to confront the trade-off between information and action, to keep your foot on the gas, and to keep your eyes on the prize. The GLFC has long fostered a framework that uses some military strategy and verbiage that extends across the lessons (e.g., know your enemy). Other lessons are more nascent as the GLFC reenvisions its relationship with Indigenous peoples and governments in a path to reconciliation where two-eyed seeing is being embraced. Through adaptive management, horizon scanning methods, and embracing implementation science, the lessons learned about sea lamprey control will continue to evolve, which is itself a lesson. We submit that the lessons shared in the present article will help guide invasive species control programs spanning taxa, ecosystems, and regions.},
}
@article {pmid41310773,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, L and Liu, Y and Fan, X and Hu, R and Qi, S and Liu, H and Liu, Y},
title = {Ethnomedicinal value of karst paddy weeds: insights from Zhuang communities in Jingxi, China.},
journal = {Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {86},
pmid = {41310773},
issn = {1746-4269},
support = {9461//GEF-Building Sustainability into PA Reforms to Conserve Globally Significant Biodiversity in China/ ; KYXJ202006//the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China/ ; 31600254//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; HYJG22103//Agricultural Research Funding from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China (Survey on Occurrence, Damage and Spread Risk of Alien Invasive Species in Agriculture)/ ; 804012//the Start-Up Fund of Nanjing Agricultural University/ ; },
mesh = {China ; *Plant Weeds ; Humans ; Ethnobotany ; *Oryza ; *Plants, Medicinal ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Knowledge ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In rice paddy ecosystems, weeds have long been regarded as harmful organisms that restrict crop yields. Traditional management models rely heavily on chemical herbicides, which have triggered issues such as soil pollution, biodiversity decline, and disruption of ecological chains, becoming prominent challenges to the sustainable development of modern agriculture. This study is conducted in the Zhuang ethnic settlement area of Jingxi, Guangxi, China. As a typical distribution area of karst landforms and a biodiversity hotspot, this region is rich in ethnic traditional knowledge. It aims to break through the cognitive dichotomy between weeds and resources. The research focuses on the traditional utilization practices of paddy field weeds by local Zhuang people, with an emphasis on exploring their ethnic medicinal value. The aim of this study is to supplement the deficiencies of existing pharmacopoeias in the inclusion of ethnic medicinal plants, while providing a scientific basis and practical reference for exploring resource utilization-based sustainable management strategies for paddy field weeds.<br><br>METHODS: Ethnobotanical survey methods (snowball sampling, semi-structured interviews, and participatory rural appraisal) were adopted to interview 160 local herbalists and villagers who provided informed consent. Simultaneously, plant specimens from field ridges were collected and identified, and the reliability of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) was ensured through cross-validation. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices, including Relative Importance (RI), Informant Consensus Factor (FIC), Fidelity Level (FL), and Economic Value Index (EV), were applied to validate TEK.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 154 weed species with ethnic medicinal value in Jingxi's paddy field ecosystem were recorded, belonging to 60 families, with Asteraceae and Poaceae as the dominant families. One hundred and twenty-eight species (83.1%) were not included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and 19 already included species showed significant differences in traditional efficacy compared with pharmacopoeia records. High-consensus uses (FIC&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;0.94) included tonsillitis, pancreatitis, and hair darkening. The significant medicinal properties presented by invasive species such as Bidens pilosa and Ageratum houstonianum provide pivotal empirical evidence for the resource-oriented management of invasive species. TEK was highly concentrated in the elderly group (43.13% aged 61-70), while cognitive gaps among the younger generation and excessive herbicide use posed dual threats to knowledge inheritance.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study is the first to systematically reveal that paddy field weeds in Jingxi are an underdeveloped treasure trove of ethnic medicinal resources. The strategy of "utilization-based prevention, control, and conservation" not only provides a scientific basis for the sustainable management of weeds but also offers crucial support for supplementing medicinal resources, protecting biocultural diversity, and preserving traditional ecological knowledge.},
}
@article {pmid41310092,
year = {2025},
author = {Martínez-González, C and Mateus, L and Sobral-Souza, T and Súarez, YR and Penha, J},
title = {Climate change may increase the suitable habitats for invasive freshwater cichlids in a Neotropical basin.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {45541},
pmid = {41310092},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cichlids/physiology ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Brazil ; Biodiversity ; Fresh Water ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Rivers ; Wetlands ; },
abstract = {Although climate change may facilitate the spread of invasive alien species (IAS), research assessing this link remains limited. Recognizing suitable habitats where IAS have been introduced is crucial for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Here, we integrated online, museum, and laboratory occurrence databases with local ecological knowledge (LEK) on IAS fishes from semi-structured interviews and georeferenced social network posts from traditional and recreational fishers to model the habitat-suitability of three voracious IAS Cichlids introduced in the Brazilian part of the Upper Paraguay River Basin (the Pantanal wetland and its tributaries). Our goal was to locate areas (regions, sub-basins, and reservoirs) most at risk from the spread of these IAS fishes in the basin. The findings reveal extensive suitable habitats for these IAS fishes throughout the study basin, currently covering half of the Pantanal wetland and up to 90% of the upstream sub-basins. Under future climate scenarios, these suitable habitats are projected to expand further, encompassing almost the entire Pantanal floodplain. These results highlight a potential IAS Cichlid range expansion in the Pantanal floodplains in the upcoming decades, correlating with common climate change forecasts. We also emphasize the value of integrating ecological niche models (ENMs) along with Citizen Science data to identify high-risk areas during early invasion stages, inform preventive strategies, and support conservation efforts to mitigate the impacts of IAS on native biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41309671,
year = {2025},
author = {Snow, NP and Koriakin, KJ and Lavelle, MJ and Glow, MP and Fischer, JW and Foster, JA and VerCauteren, KC},
title = {Visually estimating body mass of wild pigs.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {42292},
pmid = {41309671},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; *Body Weight ; *Sus scrofa/physiology ; Male ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; Swine ; Reproduction ; },
abstract = {Body mass of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) can provide useful information regarding reproductive capacity of a population, and population health and resilience for this highly-destructive invasive species. Body mass of females is an indicator of whether they reproduce before 1 year of age, which could have substantial impacts on reproductive capacity of a population. Measuring body mass can be difficult because large wild pigs may require > 1 person to weigh, are often located in remote areas making equipment difficult to transport, or are often culled without access to the carcass (e.g., shooting from aircraft). We evaluated our ability to accurately estimate the body mass of wild pigs by visual inspection, and identified which factors (i.e., morphometrics and demographics) influenced the accuracy of our estimates. We visually estimated the body mass of wild pigs and then collected actual weights of 1,210 wild pigs across 5 regions (Alabama, Texas, Hawaii, Guam, Queensland). We also collected morphometric measurements and age to evaluate how these factors impacted our estimates. On average we found our estimates were accurate, averaging only -0.14 kg underestimated weights across all wild pigs weighed. However, our estimates were most severely underestimated (e.g., up to -20 kg) for younger wild pigs (i.e., < 1-3 years) that were heavier (i.e., > 30 kg). We also confirmed that although growth rates slowed after 1 year of age, wild pigs continued to grow in body length, head length, height, and girth as they aged, which explained why the age of an animal influenced our ability to generate accurate estimates. We surmised that young-yet-heavy wild pigs were disproportionally stouter than older animals, thus were underestimated due to their shortened appearance. Underestimating the body mass for young-yet-heavy females could misinform management plans, because these animals may have substantial influence on the reproductive capacity of a population. For visually estimating body mass of wild pigs, we recommend considering indicators of age (e.g., morphological proportions) to avoid underestimating young-yet-heavy animals with stout appearances. We also recommend calibrating observers regularly using known weights and morphometrics.},
}
@article {pmid41309573,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao, Y and Feng, X and Lin, LH and Wei, N and Tan, J},
title = {Revisiting competitive outcomes through a trait lens: a global meta-analysis across species provenance.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {10639},
pmid = {41309573},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {2300057//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; *Plants ; Ecosystem ; *Competitive Behavior ; Biological Evolution ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions change the landscape of competition within communities and can have major consequences for biodiversity by driving competitive exclusion. However, the effects of competition on trait distributions are less understood, especially in how it depends on the native or nonnative provenance of the species involved. Here, we synthesize global data across plants and animals to investigate how competition alters trait distributions within species. We find that competition consistently reduces trait means and increases trait variation, following a directional-disruptive pattern. These effects depend on species provenance. Native competitors have limited influence on trait distributions within nonnatives, while nonnatives exert stronger impacts on natives. Morphological and life-history traits are especially responsive, whereas chemical and physiological traits show weak overall effects. However, nonnatives disproportionately affect the distribution of chemical and physiological traits. Intraspecific competition exerts a greater influence on trait distribution than interspecific competition, particularly in nonnatives. We discuss how these patterns align with key hypotheses on the evolution and ecology of species invasions. Our work provides insight into how competition shapes trait distributions and provides a trait-based null model for future tests of species interactions in the Anthropocene.},
}
@article {pmid41309387,
year = {2025},
author = {Wright, CJ and Wahlberg, N and Vila, R and Mutanen, M and Matos-Maraví, P and Lucek, K and Kleckova, I and Dapporto, L and Dincă, V and Bruschini, C and Wheat, CW and Vila, M and Torrado-Blanco, L and Todisco, V and Rindos, M and Nguyen, P and Mulhair, PO and Kamenova, S and Hicks, M and Espeland, M and Drinnenberg, IA and Doblas-Bajo, M and Bailey, RI and , and Blaxter, M and Meier, JI},
title = {Project Psyche: reference genomes for all Lepidoptera in Europe.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {12},
pages = {1234-1250},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.10.007},
pmid = {41309387},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {Animals ; Europe ; *Genome, Insect ; *Lepidoptera/genetics ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {Project Psyche is a transnational initiative to generate and study chromosome-level reference genomes of all ~11 000 species of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) found in Europe. Here, we describe the decentralised network of collection and sequencing hubs that has enabled rapid progress, the standardised protocols for sampling and sequencing, and the collaborative framework for data analysis. With over 1000 species already sequenced, Lepidoptera are at the forefront of biodiversity genomics with the most reference genomes of any eukaryotic order. The completed pan-European catalogue of openly accessible lepidopteran genomes will transform our understanding of evolution and ecology, inform conservation, and foster advances in management of pests and invasive species. We highlight research areas that will benefit from this large-scale genome dataset.},
}
@article {pmid41307756,
year = {2025},
author = {Ming, Q and Hetherington, M and Kessler-Mathieu, M and Mattioni, B and Tilley, M and Wang, D and Morrison, WR and Campbell, JF and Zhu, KY and Scully, ED},
title = {Odor Preference, Feeding, Survival, and Reproductive Fitness of the Invasive Larger Grain Borer Prostephanus Truncatus on Acorns of Three Native North America Oak Species.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {51},
number = {6},
pages = {114},
pmid = {41307756},
issn = {1573-1561},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis/metabolism ; *Quercus/chemistry/parasitology ; *Odorants/analysis ; Introduced Species ; Feeding Behavior ; Reproduction ; North America ; Female ; Zea mays/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), is a major invasive pest of stored grains with the potential to expand its range across North America. While primarily associated with stored grains, this species could exploit non-grain hosts that facilitate survival and dispersal across broader geographic ranges. Previous research has shown that acorns can be a suitable food for a related stored product bostrichid. Here, we assessed the odor preference of P. truncatus for acorns from black oak (Quercus velutina), red oak (Quercus rubra), and bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) compared to maize and wheat, and analyzed their volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles. Further, we measured P. truncatus feeding and reproduction on these acorns. Results demonstrated that P. truncatus responded to volatiles of each acorn species but responded most positively to bur oak acorns. Interestingly, bur oak acorns were also more attractive than maize, its main host grain. VOC profiles showed that 3-hepten-2-one and 2-(5-methyl-furan-2-yl)-propionaldehyde were detected only in bur oak acorns, which may contribute to odor preference. Prostephanus truncatus also preferred to feed on bur oak acorns over other oak species. Among the oak species tested, F1 progeny were detected only in bur oak acorns. These results suggest that P. truncatus exhibits host-use flexibility that enables it to utilize acorns in the absence of grains, highlighting the potential risk of landscape-level invasion by this pest in North America.},
}
@article {pmid41307640,
year = {2025},
author = {Lantschner, V and Villacide, J},
title = {Invasion Potential of the Recently Established Woodwasp Sirex obesus (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) Across South American Pine Plantations.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {117},
pmid = {41307640},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {PIP 11220200100764CO//CONICET/ ; PD-I074-2023//Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog&#xed;a Agropecuaria/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pinus ; *Introduced Species ; South America ; *Hymenoptera ; Brazil ; *Animal Distribution ; Forests ; },
abstract = {Invasive forest pests are among the greatest threats to global forestry, causing substantial economic losses and disrupting ecosystem dynamics worldwide. The recent detection of the North American woodwasp Sirex obesus (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Brazilian pine plantations poses a serious risk to South America's 4.6 million hectares of commercial pine forests. Here, we present the first comprehensive assessment of its invasion potential across the continent, combining species distribution modeling with a multi-factor invasion risk index. Using occurrence records from the species' native range, we modeled climatic suitability across South America and addressed invasion risk by integrating bioclimatic suitability, host distribution, proximity to invaded areas, and wood trade volumes with Brazil. Our model predicts suitable climatic conditions in 48% of South American pine plantation areas, particularly in montane and high-altitude regions along the Andean corridor and central-eastern Brazil. The mean temperature of the driest quarter was the most influential predictor of suitability. The invasion risk index identified southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, Argentine Patagonia, and central Chile as the regions most vulnerable to the establishment, due to the convergence of extensive pine plantations, favorable climate, and either proximity to infested areas or intense trade connections with Brazil. These findings provide a foundation for targeted surveillance and phytosanitary measures aimed at preventing further spread. Early monitoring in high-risk regions, combined with stricter inspections of wood products, will be critical to avoiding widespread establishment and severe economic impacts across South American forestry.},
}
@article {pmid41305537,
year = {2025},
author = {Niemiec, P and Niczyporuk, JS and Kozdruń, W and Stolarek, A and Mielczarek, &#x141; and Słomczyński, K and Barszcz, K and Kuziora, P and Jarosiewicz, G and Jarosz, A and Woźnica, AJ and Zaleśny, G and Gwardjan, M and Ochała-Gierek, G and Gierek, M},
title = {West Nile Virus Pilot Screening in Field-Collected Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901): An Update of Species Distribution in Poland, 2025.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41305537},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Animals ; Poland/epidemiology ; *Aedes/virology ; *West Nile virus/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology ; *West Nile Fever/transmission/virology ; Pilot Projects ; },
abstract = {(1) Background: The Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus is an invasive species in Europe, including Poland. Given its laboratory-confirmed competence for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission and its detection as a WNV vector in field-collected mosquitoes, this study investigated whether Polish Aedes japonicus harbor WNV and aimed to update knowledge on its distribution in Poland. (2) Methods: In September 2024, 137 adult Aedes japonicus were collected from three suburban sites in Poland (Kielce, Mikołów, Kraków). Specimens were screened for WNV using RT-PCR and rRT-PCR. Additionally, unpublished records of Aedes japonicus were compiled to update the species' distribution. (3) Results: No WNV genetic material was detected in field-collected mosquitoes in Poland. By 2025, Aedes japonicus had been recorded in half of Polish voivodeships, with most observations in Małopolskie, Śląskie, and Łódzkie. The largest adult populations occurred in Kielce. Ecological traits in Poland matched European and US data, including larval development in artificial containers, preference for suburban and forested habitats, and peak adult activity in late summer. (4) Conclusions: Although WNV was not detected, the rapid spread of Aedes japonicus in Poland underlines the need for continued monitoring of its distribution, population dynamics, and potential role in WNV transmission.},
}
@article {pmid41305087,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, F and Zhang, P and Qin, Y and Gong, X and Lu, H},
title = {Secure Multi-Directional Independent Transmission Based on Directional Modulated 2D Conformal Phased Array.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {25},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {41305087},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {HTKJ2023KL504010//HTKL/ ; },
abstract = {Directional Antenna Modulation (DAM) utilizing 2D conformal phased arrays has been demonstrated to enable secure Multi-directional Independent Transmission (MIT) over a broad angular range. This paper proposes an unbalanced DAM technique that dynamically allocates power according to transmission distance, thereby significantly enhancing transmission efficiency in practical scenarios where receivers are located at varying distances. In particular, a high-efficiency Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm integrated with an "alien species invasion" mechanism is developed to accelerate convergence and optimize the phase delays of each array element. Bit Error Rate (BER) analysis for MIT reveals superior directional security compared to traditional methods, with conformal arrays providing wider angular coverage and spherical sparse arrays overcoming the half-wavelength spacing limitation. The simulation results validate that the proposed system achieves simultaneous secure transmissions in multiple directions while maintaining a BER below -40 dB.},
}
@article {pmid41304263,
year = {2025},
author = {Wei, W and Qi, T and Lu, J and Wei, X and Wu, P and Norvienyeku, J and Miao, W and Liu, W},
title = {Evaluation of Biocontrol Efficacy of Bacillus velezensis HAB-2 Combined with Pseudomonas hunanensis and Enterobacter soli Against Cowpea Fusarium Wilt.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41304263},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {SCKJ-JYRC-2023-44//Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City/ ; 2024YFD1400104//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; ZDYF2024HXGG002//Key research and development projects of Hainan Province/ ; KJRC2023B14//Hainan Province Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project/ ; },
abstract = {Cowpea Fusarium wilt (CFW) is a soilborne fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot), leading to substantial yield losses globally. This study evaluates the biocontrol potential of Bacillus velezensis HAB-2 and develops a microbial combination for effective disease management. B. velezensis HAB-2 suppressed F. oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum AIQBFO93 growth by 69.8% in vitro and exhibited multiple plant growth-promoting traits. Pot experiments demonstrated that HAB-2 alone achieved a 47.62% control rate against CFW. Furthermore, two compatible plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Pseudomonas hunanensis HD33 and Enterobacter soli HD42, were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of cowpea previously treated with HAB-2. These two strains were combined with HAB-2 at different concentrations in 15 microbial combinations. The combined application of the three strains provided more consistent disease control, with the optimal combination demonstrating a 15.15% higher control rate than HAB-2 alone. Compared to the untreated control, this combination significantly increased cowpea fresh weight, leaf area, and plant height by 10.60%, 8.04%, and 7.81%, respectively, and upregulated the expression of defense-related genes, indicating enhanced resistance. These results confirm that B. velezensis HAB-2 is an effective biocontrol agent against wilt disease, and its synergistic application with functionally complementary PGPR strains provides a viable strategy for sustainable crop disease management.},
}
@article {pmid41302882,
year = {2025},
author = {Tang, S and Li, Z and Huang, G and Han, Y and Hao, D},
title = {Life History and the Relation Between Population Dynamics and Meteorological Factors of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiidae) in Shanghai, China.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41302882},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2021YFD1400300//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; G221207//Research on the Occurrence Regularity and Integrated Control Techniques of Hyphantria cunea in Shanghai/ ; },
abstract = {The fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is a globally invasive species that causes serious damage to agriculture and forestry. Since the first invasion reported in Liaoning Province, China, it has spread extensively southward and was found in Shanghai in 2019. Owing to the climatic and environmental differences between these regions, the biology and population dynamics of H. cunea may have undergone changes in its newly invaded areas. In this study, we investigated the biology of H. cunea in Shanghai and monitored the population dynamics using sex-pheromone-baited traps. We analyzed the relationships between population dynamics and local meteorological factors, including temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration. Our result indicates high temperatures and large diurnal temperature ranges have significant effects (R[2] = 0.723, p < 0.001) on the survival and development of H. cunea. Consequently, they play an important role in shaping its population dynamics. These findings enhance our understanding of how H. cunea responds to Shanghai's environmental conditions, provide a scientific basis for local pest management, and contribute to predicting its population trends.},
}
@article {pmid41300418,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, Y and Zeng, Z and La, Q and Wang, J},
title = {Invasion Mechanisms of the Alien Plant Datura stramonium in Xizang: Insights from Genetic Differentiation, Allelopathy, and Ecological Niche Analysis.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41300418},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {No. XZ202402ZD0005, XZ202401ZR0028, XZ202402ZY0023,XZ202402JX0003//Department of Science and Technology of the Tibet Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {Datura stramonium, which is originally native to Mexico, has been recognized as an invasive species following its introduction to China, where it has proliferated extensively. Despite its widespread impact, the mechanisms driving the invasion of D. stramonium remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, gaining insight into these mechanisms is essential for the development of effective strategies to prevent and control its further invasion. This study aims to elucidate the factors contributing to the successful invasion of D. stramonium in Tibet by examining genetic differentiation, allelopathic potential, and niche characteristics of its populations. Our findings reveal the following: (1) The genetic variation within 15 populations of D. stramonium is predominantly intra-populational, lacking distinct genealogical phylogeographic structure, and is indicative of recent population expansion. This suggests that human-mediated dispersal has played a significant role in the invasion of D. stramonium in Tibet. (2) Allelopathic assays demonstrate that extracts from various parts of D. stramonium exhibit significant inhibitory effects on the germination of Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste and Pisum sativum seeds. (3) D. stramonium exhibits the highest niche breadth within the plant community, coupled with a pronounced competitive ability for environmental resources. The invasion of D. stramonium poses a substantial threat to the diversity of local plant species. Consequently, the formulation of scientific management measures is of critical importance to prevent and control the invasion of D. stramonium and preserve biodiversity in the invaded area.},
}
@article {pmid41300397,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Liu, Q and Shen, J and Ding, J and Zeng, Y and Zhou, Z and Yan, X and Zhang, J and Ma, X and Yu, Q and Xiong, Y and Xiong, Y},
title = {Modeling the Future Distribution of Trifolium repens L. in China: A MaxEnt Approach Under Climate Change Scenarios.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41300397},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {32071885//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024YFHZ0300//the Sichuan Science and Technology Program/ ; 2023YFN0087//Key R &amp; D project of Sichuan Province/ ; CXTD202500503//Sichuan Provincial Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Innovation Team/ ; 2024JDKY0032//Basic Research 2024/ ; },
abstract = {Trifolium repens L. is a protein-rich, versatile Leguminous lawn plant that is widely distributed across global temperate and subtropical regions. As an invasive species originating in Europe, its distribution in China extends from Xinjiang in the West to Taiwan and the Yangtze River Delta in the East, and is widespread throughout Northeast and Central China. However, in recent years, the distribution pattern of T. repens has become increasingly patchy and irregular. Therefore, unraveling the potential distribution and key environmental drivers of T. repens is critical for understanding its ecological role. This study utilized current species distribution data of T. repens and employed the MaxEnt model to simulate its potentially suitable niches across present and future climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) in China. This study identified Bio2 (mean diurnal temperature range) and Bio14 (precipitation of driest month) as the key drivers shaping the distribution of T. repens. Its current suitable habitats are primarily concentrated in the coastal, central, and Taiwan regions of China. Under future climates, these areas are projected to contract overall and shift toward lower latitudes and higher longitudes, with substantial suitable areas remaining only in the Eastern, Southern, and Taiwan regions. This study quantitatively assessed the ecological niche breadth of T. repens and its future spatial distribution under climate change, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for describing the ecological characteristics of this invasive species, conducting monitoring, and implementing further invasion risk management.},
}
@article {pmid41300328,
year = {2025},
author = {Darrigran, G and Agudo-Padrón, I and Báez, P and Belz, CE and Cardoso, F and Carranza, A and Collado, GA and Correoso, M and Cuezzo, MG and Fabres, AA and Fernandez, MA and Gomes, SR and Gutierrez Gregoric, DE and Letelier, S and Lodeiros, C and Ludwig, S and Mansur, MC and Oliveira Arruda, J and Pastorino, G and Penchaszadeh, P and Salvador, RB and Santos, S and Spotorno, P and Thiengo, S and Vidigal, T and Damborenea, C},
title = {Molluscs from South America to the World: Who and Where Are They?.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41300328},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Ecosystems and biodiversity around the globe face multiple threats, including climate change and invasive species. Non-native species are known for their resilience to disturbances and their ability to thrive more successfully than native species in urbanized or otherwise disturbed areas, and some of them can become invasive. It is a complex challenge to detect, manage, and control such species, which require coordinated efforts from society, government, and the academic community. In this study, the eMIAS (South American Invasive Mollusks Specialists) research group (27 experts from seven South American countries) aim to provide foundational knowledge for management of these species. We compiled and synthesized information on the mollusc species that are native to South America and that have been introduced to other regions of the world. A total of 29 species were detected, including 10 marine, 10 freshwater, and 9 terrestrial. For each species, the area of origin, date and place of introduction, and current distribution were determined. We could determine that (1) most of these introductions have occurred in connection with globalization processes, such as an increase in trade. (2) The potential source regions of those 29 species are also areas that received non-native species from elsewhere (e.g., Europe, Asia). (3) Regions where species introductions have taken place are subject to the impacts of climate change and/or urbanization.},
}
@article {pmid41299722,
year = {2025},
author = {Da Re, D and Deblauwe, I and Kern, EI and Hermy, M and Romero, JR and Tersago, K and Versteirt, V and Dumez, B and Houtsaeger, C and Rouffaer, L and Beck, O and Van Bortel, W},
title = {A warming welcome? Belgium's increasing suitability for Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {491},
pmid = {41299722},
issn = {1756-3305},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology/virology ; Belgium/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; Seasons ; Humans ; Zika Virus Infection/transmission ; *Animal Distribution ; Chikungunya Fever/transmission/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Aedes albopictus, commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is an invasive species of significant public health concern due to its ability to transmit dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Since arriving in Europe in the late 1970s, this mosquito species has progressively expanded its range, with Belgium marking an important step in its northward spread. The increasing frequency of its introduction raises the urgent question of whether Ae. albopictus could become permanently present in the country. This study investigates the potential for the establishment of Ae. albopictus populations in Belgium using a mechanistic model and assessing the likelihood of successful establishment based on simulated introduction events. Our results indicate that the probability of establishment is highest in Flanders, particularly under scenarios of early and multiple introductions during the summer months, even though the interannual climatic variability still plays a major role in establishment success. The establishment of Ae. albopictus in Belgium would introduce new epidemiological risks, as the species could facilitate the transmission of non-native viruses during particularly warm summers. While the transmission windows may remain limited compared to Mediterranean regions, continued introductions and climate change could expand these periods, increasing the likelihood of local outbreaks.},
}
@article {pmid41297496,
year = {2025},
author = {Dubos, N and Calesse, S and Webster, KC and Bernet, C and Deso, G and Fieldsend, TW and Maoulida, S and Mounir, S and Porcel, X and Probst, JM and Saidou, H and Souchet, J and Thani Ibouroi, M and Roesch, MA},
title = {Diverging effects of global change on future invasion risks of Agama picticauda between invaded regions: Same problem, different solutions.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1008},
number = {},
pages = {180957},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180957},
pmid = {41297496},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Florida ; },
abstract = {Predicting biological invasions is challenging because multiple factors can act in contrasting directions and exert heterogeneous effects across space. Nevertheless, modelling approaches provide valuable tools to anticipate the potential spread of invasive alien species and to support mitigation strategies. With an Ecological Niche Modelling approach, we predicted the invasion risks of Peters's Rock Agama Agama picticauda, a species that is spreading globally in non-forested areas through freight transport and un-/intentional releases from the pet trade. The potential establishment of the species in new areas is of concern for multiple endemic species throughout the world. We quantified the effects of climate, anthropogenic activity and forest cover on invasion risk. We used verified records from the native and non-native range and accounted for the latest methodological recommendations. We predicted how invasion risk will vary in the future (2070) using projections from two scenarios (SSP2 and SSP5). We predict that invasion risks will vary in diverging directions, depending on the region. The risk will increase in human-populated regions and on small islands but will decrease in Florida. We recommend increasing surveillance in vehicular transportation of material especially within the Comoros and the Mascarenes archipelagos. Since many introductions are related to the pet trade in Florida, we recommend stronger legal regulations and the promotion of public awareness. Promoting tree cover may be locally beneficial to prevent establishment of A. picticauda. The effect of climate change, land use change and human activities may differ between and within both, the native and the invaded regions.},
}
@article {pmid41297495,
year = {2025},
author = {Žafran, M and Žiberna, L and Martelanc, M and Albreht, A},
title = {Impatiens glandulifera Royle: From ecological threat to biotechnological opportunity - A narrative review.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1008},
number = {},
pages = {181044},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181044},
pmid = {41297495},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Biotechnology ; *Introduced Species ; Phytochemicals ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Impatiens glandulifera Royle is an invasive alien plant species which poses substantial threat to biodiversity, ecosystems, and socio-economic stability globally. It has successfully colonised a wide range of habitats across Europe, North America, and other temperate regions of the world, facilitated by its aggressive seed dispersal mechanism, high adaptability, and competitive resource acquisition. Despite its ecological threats, I. glandulifera contains a wide variety of bioactive chemical constituents, presenting opportunities for novel biotechnological and therapeutic applications. This narrative review synthesises the existing scientific literature on the phytochemical composition, biological activities, ecological impacts, and management strategies associated with I. glandulifera. The plant is particularly rich in bioactive compounds, including naphthoquinones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, essential oils, terpenoids, and steroids, which demonstrate significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and allelopathic properties in preclinical studies. Management approaches have traditionally focused on mechanical eradication, use of chemical herbicides, and experimental biological control measures; however, sustainable solutions involving the valorisation of harvested biomass could substantially mitigate environmental concerns. Based on the available evidence, this review introduces a novel concept positioning I. glandulifera as a sustainable source of valuable bioactive compounds with potential applications in the medicinal, cosmetic, food, feed, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors. Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps persist, particularly concerning comprehensive toxicity assessments, clinical validation of bioactivities, optimized and scalable valorisation strategies, and detailed chemical characterisation across different plant tissues. Addressing these gaps through targeted interdisciplinary research will be essential for realising the commercial potential of I. glandulifera and converting its ecological burden into a valuable resource.},
}
@article {pmid41296044,
year = {2025},
author = {Hindsley, P and Huxster, JK and Morgan, A and Flower, H},
title = {Concern for and perceived impacts to the Everglades: The role of environmental knowledge and cultural worldviews.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {16},
doi = {10.1007/s00267-025-02305-z},
pmid = {41296044},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {Humans ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Politics ; Knowledge ; Culture ; },
abstract = {Public support for restoration in sensitive ecosystems like the Everglades depends in part on individual-level concern and perceptions of impact from environmental threats. This study examines how environmental knowledge and ideological and political factors (IPFs)- cultural worldview (CWV), political ideology, and voting behavior - influence Floridians' concern for the Everglades and their perceptions of impact for six different threats to the Everglades. Two of these threats, sea level rise and changes in precipitation, relate directly to climate change and thus are more likely to evoke ideological or political responses from participants. Analysis of our sample of 1437 Floridians reveals that: (1) Of the IPFs, CWV had the largest influence on environmental concern and perceptions of impact, except for in the case of sea level rise, for which voting behavior superseded CWV, (2) environmental knowledge had a larger influence on perceptions of impact for environmental threats that are not ideologically entangled (e.g. water quality), (3) IPFs had a larger influence on perceptions of impact from threats that are ideologically entangled (i.e. sea level rise and changes in precipitation), and (4) those with Communitarian-Egalitarian worldviews held higher levels of concern and perceived greater risk impacts on all but one of the threats (invasive species), although some differences vary across the distribution of environmental knowledge. These findings improve our understanding of how environmental knowledge and IPFs shape public concern for and perceptions of threats to the Greater Everglades ecosystem. These insights can help in developing communication strategies that generate public support for restoration.},
}
@article {pmid41293310,
year = {2025},
author = {Martignoni, MM and Garnier, J and Tyson, RC and Harris, KD and Kolodny, O},
title = {Towards a theory of microbially-mediated invasion encompassing parasitism and mutualism.},
journal = {Biological invasions},
volume = {27},
number = {12},
pages = {253},
pmid = {41293310},
issn = {1387-3547},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Biological invasions pose major ecological and economic threats, and extensive research has been dedicated to understanding and predicting their dynamics. Most studies focus on the biological invasion of single species, and only in recent years has it been realized that multi-species interactions that involve native and invasive host species and their microbial symbionts can play important roles in determining invasion outputs. A theoretical framework that treats these interactions and their impact is lacking. Here we offer such a framework and use it to explore possible dynamics that may emerge from the sharing of native and non-native symbionts among native and non-native host species. Thus, for example, invasive plants might benefit from native microbial communities in the soil, or might be particularly successful if they carry with them parasites to which competing native hosts are susceptible. On the other hand, invasion might be hindered by native parasites that spread from native to invasive individuals. The mathematical framework that we present in this study provides a new mechanistic, cohesive, and intuition-enhancing tool for theoretically exploring the ways by which the subtleties of host-microbe relationships can influence invasion dynamics. We identify multiple pathways through which microbes can facilitate (or prevent) host invasion, microbial invasion, and the invasion of both hosts and their co-introduced microbes. We disentangle invasion outcomes and suggest possible ecological dynamics that may be underexplored in current invasion biology literature. Our work sets the foundations for invasion theory that includes a community-level view of invasive and native hosts as well as their microbial symbionts.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10530-025-03711-4.},
}
@article {pmid41292613,
year = {2025},
author = {Christina, AL and Claire, VM},
title = {A general population KAP survey: supporting the design of interventions and tiger mosquito control efforts in response to arbovirus emergence in non-endemic areas.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {101247},
pmid = {41292613},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, a highly invasive species and vector of diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, has rapidly spread across mainland France, including urban areas like Lyon. Local transmission of these diseases has been reported with increasing frequency, and the mosquito represents not only a major source of nuisance but also a growing public health concern. To better understand public engagement and improve vector control strategies, a large-scale Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey was conducted in the Lyon metropolitan area between September 2023 and February 2024. The survey collected 3990 responses through both field interviews and online forms. It addressed various themes, including mosquito biology, disease awareness, prevention measures and the willingness to engage in collective or scientific initiatives. Results revealed that 86 % of respondents experienced significant annoyance due to mosquitoes, affecting their quality of life. However, only 17 % expressed strong concern about disease transmission. Most participants were aware of basic mosquito behavior, such as daytime activity and common breeding sites. However, knowledge about the mosquito's physical characteristics and the full range of diseases it transmits was limited. Despite this, 78 % reported engaging in preventive measures, mainly removing stagnant water and using repellents, though many doubted the effectiveness of these actions. Statistical analysis revealed that factors such as age, education level, housing type, knowledge of mosquito biology, and perceived health risk were significantly associated with proactive behavior. These findings highlight a gap between perceived nuisance and public understanding of health risks and effective mosquito control strategies. They point to the limitations of individual action and underscore the importance of fostering collective, neighborhood-level engagement. Public awareness campaigns should shift from passive messaging to participatory, locally adapted approaches.},
}
@article {pmid41291878,
year = {2025},
author = {Shattuck, AV and Hollingsworth, BD and Skrotzki, J and Campbell, SR and Romano, CL and Murdock, CC},
title = {Field validation of multiple species distribution models shows variation in performance for predicting Aedes albopictus distributions at the invasion edge.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {488},
pmid = {41291878},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {T32 AI145821/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; AI145821//National Institutes for Health/ ; 7003469//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/United States Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; Models, Biological ; Climate ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate and land use changes have resulted in range expansion of many species. In this shifting disease landscape, it is important to leverage tools that can predict the distributions of invading vectors to target surveillance and control efforts and identify at-risk populations. Species distribution models (SDMs) are used to predict ranges of invasive species; however, invasive species often violate assumptions of equilibrium and niche conservatism. Moreover, these studies are rarely validated using independent data.<br><br>METHODS: We use long-term surveillance data for Aedes albopictus, a highly invasive mosquito capable of transmitting several arboviruses, at its range edge to evaluate a variety of SDMs (MaxEnt, GAM, Random Forest, Boosted Regression Tree) in predicting the Ae. albopictus range. We identify key environmental drivers of distributions and areas where models tended to disagree in predicting occurrence. At sites where models disagree, we sampled for Ae. albopictus to generate an independent dataset for field validation of models in addition to the common practice of cross-validation. Finally, we determine whether models based on early invasion data can predict later stage invasion ranges.<br><br>RESULTS: We found that landscape and climatic variables are important drivers of population distributions. SDM methods varied in predictive accuracy between models and across validation methods (i.e. cross vs. field validation). GAM and MaxEnt best predicted later-stage invasion distributions, requiring fewer years of training data.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that SDMs can be useful tools to predict the ranges of invasive species and highlights the importance of comparing predictions of invasive species' range.},
}
@article {pmid41290871,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, G and Choi, EH and Hwang, UW},
title = {Three distinct genetic lineages of Trichonephila clavata based on mitochondrial COI and genome-wide SNPs on the Korean Peninsula.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {41911},
pmid = {41290871},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {NIBR202104202//National Institute of Biological Resources/ ; RS-2025-00561309//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {*Spiders/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; *Genetics, Population ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Mitochondria/enzymology/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; United States ; Animals ; *Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; },
abstract = {Trichonephila clavata L. Koch, 1878, an East Asian species renowned for its long-distance ballooning dispersal, has recently drawn attention as an invasive species following its introduction into the southeastern United States. However, few population genetic studies have been undertaken to investigate population genetic diversity and structure which will be helpful for its management. Here, we examined ten populations of T. clavata on the Korean Peninsula using mitochondrial COI and genome-wide SNP data to broadens the understanding of genetic and demographic processes of the species. Our results revealed: (1) high genetic diversity in COI but relatively low diversity in SNPs; (2) the presence of three genetic lineages detected by both markers; (4) population expansion in each COI genetic lineage and constant population size in each SNP genetic lineage; and (5) stepwise lineage divergence estimated based on COI and lineage divergence with admixture event based on SNPs. These findings suggest that multiple factors, which are ballooning dispersal, demographic dynamics and geological event, may play a pivotal role in shaping population genetic patterns with geographic co-occurrence among the lineages. Consequently, this study provides insights into the genetic architecture of natural populations and offers a valuable baseline for understanding the population genetic pools of invasive populations of this species.},
}
@article {pmid41290662,
year = {2025},
author = {Fan, SY and Fristoe, TS and Li, SP and Weigelt, P and Kreft, H and Dawson, W and Winter, M and Pyšek, P and Pergl, J and Essl, F and Davis, AJS and van Kleunen, M},
title = {Ecological similarities and dissimilarities between donor and recipient regions shape global plant naturalizations.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {10485},
pmid = {41290662},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Plants/classification ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; Climate ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {A central question in ecology is why alien species naturalize successfully in some regions but not in others. While some hypotheses suggest aliens are more likely to naturalize in environments similar to donor regions, others suggest they thrive in regions where certain characteristics are different. Using the native (i.e., donor) and recipient distributions of 11,604 naturalized alien plant species across 650 regions globally, we assess whether plants are more likely to naturalize in regions that are ecologically similar or dissimilar to their donor regions. Our results show that species are more likely to naturalize in recipient regions where climates are similar and native floras are phylogenetically similar to those of their donor regions, indicating that pre-adaptation to familiar biotic and abiotic conditions facilitates naturalization. However, naturalization is also more likely in regions with lower native flora diversity and more intense human modification than in the species' native range. Among all predictors, climate similarity and difference in native flora diversity emerge as the strongest predictors of naturalization success. In conclusion, ecological similarity in some factors but dissimilarity in others between donor and recipient regions promote the naturalization of alien plants and contribute to their uneven global distribution patterns.},
}
@article {pmid41290559,
year = {2025},
author = {Guedes, LM and Ortiz, J and Moreira, ASFP and Oliveira, DC and Rodríguez-Cerda, L and Montero, F and Gavilán, E and Aguilera, N},
title = {Allelochemical Stress Induced by the Invasive Species Teline monspessulana Disrupts Antioxidant Defenses and Morphoanatomy in Quillaja saponaria.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {177},
number = {6},
pages = {e70643},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.70643},
pmid = {41290559},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {303691/2022-0//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 309044/2021-9//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 403159/2023-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 11200360//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; //Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; },
mesh = {*Antioxidants/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; *Pheromones/pharmacology/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Phenols/metabolism ; Chile ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Sclerophyllous forests face significant challenges from invasive species, such as Teline monspessulana, which negatively affect native species, such as Quillaja saponaria, in Chile. The allelopathic effects of T. monspessulana, including the release of phenolic compounds and alkaloids, contribute to oxidative stress in Q. saponaria; yet, the specific mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the morphoanatomical features, dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and functions of antioxidant defense mechanisms in Q. saponaria in response to allelochemical stress induced by the substrate (IS) and aqueous extracts (TE) of T. monspessulana. Using anatomical and histochemical techniques, ROS and phenol quantification, and enzyme activity measurements, this research aims to provide insights into improving the resilience of Q. saponaria in reforestation programs within the sclerophyllous forests of Chile invaded by T. monspessulana. The present results revealed that both IS and TE treatments significantly retarded initial growth and decreased dry mass by approximately 45%, accompanied by mesophyll disorganization, epidermis suberization, and cell wall lignification. Additionally, both treatments induced significant overproduction of ROS that could not be dampened by enzymatic antioxidant systems or phenolic compounds, indicating a disrupted redox balance under allelochemical stress. For Q. saponaria, this effect appears to be related to the abundance of phenolic acids and alkaloids in the aerial organs of T. monspessulana. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing invasive T. monspessulana and protecting native Q. saponaria in its unique ecosystem. These findings emphasize the importance of strategies mitigating the impacts of allelopathic invaders as part of forest restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid41290180,
year = {2025},
author = {Agneray, AC and Parchman, TL and Forister, ML and Leger, EA},
title = {Unexpected productivity and invasion resistance in plant communities assembled from allopatric populations.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2059},
pages = {20252026},
pmid = {41290180},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; //Bureau of Land Management/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Sympatry ; },
abstract = {Species with shared geographic history may show coevolution that reduces niche overlap and improves resource capture. Thus, plant communities assembled from sympatric source populations (shared locations) are predicted to be more productive and invasion resistant than those from allopatric sources (different locations), even with identical species composition. Using four native plant species from 15 environmentally similar locations across a broad region, we compared ecosystem function among communities assembled from allopatric or sympatric sources. Consistent with predictions of niche differentiation in co-occurring native plants, we observed more negative native plant-plant interactions in allopatric-sourced communities, and more positive interactions in sympatric-sourced communities. However, this did not translate into the predicted community-level outcomes. Unexpectedly, allopatric-sourced communities outperformed sympatric ones in all responses, with 34-42% more inflorescences, 17% higher survival, 21% longer growing season, 29-72% greater size, and after invasion, 70% less invader biomass. Two impactful native species grew larger and reproduced more when grown with allopatric neighbours, leading to greater invasion suppression, though the mechanism for this response is unknown. These findings challenge assumptions about the universal advantages of maintaining shared origins for community function and have broad implications for understanding plant competition and community assembly, as well as restoration of invaded ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41290173,
year = {2025},
author = {Kinney, MH and Blain, S and Schluter, D},
title = {Experimental test of hybrid fitness change as a cause of species collapse following species invasion.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2059},
pages = {20251457},
pmid = {41290173},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Astacoidea/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Genetic Fitness ; *Smegmamorpha/genetics/physiology ; Lakes ; British Columbia ; Sympatry ; },
abstract = {Recent years have seen increased incidences of hybridization between previously stable sympatric species, sometimes leading to collapse. The causes, and particularly the role of improved hybrid fitness in a changing environment, are poorly known. A recent example is the sympatric stickleback species pair of Enos Lake, Vancouver Island, which collapsed into a hybrid swarm following the invasion of the lake by American signal crayfish. Environmental changes can increase hybridization through increased inter-species mating or enhanced hybrid fitness, though few mechanisms have been experimentally tested. Using mesocosms, we tested whether crayfish addition alters the prey community and changes F1 hybrid fitness relative to pure limnetic and benthic threespine stickleback. Crayfish addition depleted benthic invertebrate biomass and negatively impacted survival of all three stickleback cross types. Crayfish had little effect on relative survival but led to a higher growth rate of hybrids relative to pure species. This improvement in hybrid fitness is unlikely to be the sole reason for the Enos Lake collapse, as breakdowns in premating isolation might have also been crucial. Nevertheless, this work provides a rare experimental demonstration of a causal link to changes in hybrid fitness, providing evidence that reduced selection against hybrids has contributed to the collapse.},
}
@article {pmid41289498,
year = {2026},
author = {Chalkowski, K and Miller, RS and Chandler, JC and Campos, A and Arruda, B and Baker, AL and Anderson, TK and Klemm, J and Brown, VR and Verauteren, KC and Snow, NP and Pepin, KM},
title = {Elevated Exposure to Influenza A Viruses in Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa), Texas, USA.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {62},
number = {1},
pages = {185-191},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-25-00031},
pmid = {41289498},
issn = {1943-3700},
mesh = {Animals ; Texas/epidemiology ; *Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary/epidemiology/virology ; *Influenza A virus/isolation &amp; purification ; *Swine Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; Female ; Swine ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Animals, Wild/virology ; *Sus scrofa ; Male ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; },
abstract = {Detections of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mammals have increased globally, underscoring the need to assess influenza A virus (IAV) exposure in species that bridge wildlife, livestock, and human interfaces. We collected serum from 396 wild pigs (Sus scrofa, hybrids of wild boar and domestic swine) between October 2022 and May 2023 on a cattle ranch in north central Texas, USA, to estimate IAV seroprevalence and identify ecologic correlates of exposure. Using commercial blocking ELISAs and hemagglutination inhibition assays, we report high recent exposure of wild pigs to IAVs (seroprevalence 40%, n=396). Seropositivity was highest in individuals that were female, >2 yr old, sampled during spring (compared with fall or winter), and/or sampled <1.5 km from surface water. Almost half (46.3%, 57/123) of the samples were positive for at least two hemagglutinin clade representatives, and 13.8% (17/123) had titers against both an H1 and an H3 strain. These results indicate a hotspot of IAV circulation in wild pigs in north central Texas and highlight elevated exposure near water bodies, where wild pigs may contact wild waterfowl. Enhanced surveillance of wild pigs at the wildlife-livestock-waterbird interface is warranted to better understand ecologic and epidemiologic pathways for IAV transmission and reassortment.},
}
@article {pmid41287191,
year = {2026},
author = {Tamura, S and Hirooka, T and Yamamoto, Y and Shirotsuka, K and Mukai, H and Tokoro, M and Konishi, T and Uemori, K and Taki, H and Matsumoto, T and Shoda-Kagaya, E and Sunamura, E},
title = {Development of an insecticidal bait for combined use with netting to control the invasive red-necked longhorn beetle, Aromia bungii, emerging from tree trunks.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {3},
pages = {2468-2479},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70383},
pmid = {41287191},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//environmental research and technology development fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecticides ; *Coleoptera ; *Insect Control/instrumentation/methods ; *Neonicotinoids ; Introduced Species ; Trees ; *Pheromones ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive wood-boring pests cause significant damage to trees worldwide. Here we designed an insecticidal bait device to attract and kill adult red-necked longhorn beetles (Aromia bungii; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) that emerge from tree trunks and are captured in netting installed around the trunks.<br><br>RESULTS: Insecticides were screened in laboratory dietary toxicity tests and attractants were evaluated in net-cage choice tests. Acetamiprid was selected as the active insecticide and sugar-vinegar solution as the attractant. Bottle-based bait devices were constructed to deliver the liquid bait via an exposed wick from which the adult beetles could feed. In a quasi-field trial, the bait devices achieved 100% mortality of adult A. bungii within several days of their emergence from netted peach branches. In field trials targeting adults emerging from cherry tree trunks, mortality rates were lower and varied from 22% to 81%. Increasing the size of the bait device improved its killing efficacy.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Insecticidal baits have the potential to effectively control adult A. bungii emerging from netted trees. However, for practical application, further improvements in efficacy are needed, particularly through the identification of more potent attractants and the optimization of bait formulations. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41285066,
year = {2025},
author = {Evans, T and Cuthbert, RN},
title = {Management of alien bird impacts does not reflect their severity.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {396},
number = {},
pages = {128053},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128053},
pmid = {41285066},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Birds ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions can harm biodiversity - indeed, they are a principal cause of native species extinctions (Bellard et al. 2016. Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions. Biol. Lett. 12:20150623). Biological invasions occur worldwide - whilst some of their impacts are managed, others are not. Identifying drivers of management actions may reveal why some impacts remain unmanaged, informing strategies to improve management consistency. We identified factors that influence actions to protect native animals from the biodiversity impacts of alien birds. We reviewed literature to identify impacts, categorising them as unmanaged or managed (irrespective of management success). For each impact, we collected data on variables hypothesised to influence management, including characteristics of affected native species (e.g., endemism) and alien species (e.g., years resident as an alien); characteristics of impacts (e.g., their severity - how harmful they are to native species, as measured using a published framework); and characteristics of the environment (e.g., human population density). We used binomial mixed effects models to identify associations between variables and management. Intuitively, actions to manage alien bird impacts tend to focus on the protection of endemic species. However, they do not focus on the most severe impacts, nor the most threatened native species. Indeed, feasibility influences actions, whereby long-established alien bird populations with damaging biodiversity impacts remain unmanaged, most likely because these long-established populations tend to be large and widespread and hence are considered too difficult or costly to manage. Timely interventions are crucial to prevent the damaging biodiversity impacts of biological invasions from becoming unmanageable.},
}
@article {pmid41284473,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, T and Song, Z and Zhang, C and Guo, X and Ma, J and Zhang, C and He, Y},
title = {Deciphering the Distinct Vascular Liver Injury Induced by Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: From the Invasive Species to Health Hazard.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {73},
number = {49},
pages = {31543-31558},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5c09270},
pmid = {41284473},
issn = {1520-5118},
mesh = {*Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/toxicity/metabolism/chemistry ; Animals ; Humans ; *Liver/drug effects/injuries/blood supply ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Erythrocytes/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; },
abstract = {Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are the most common plant-derived toxins present in numerous herbal and food products, but their environmental transfer pathways and toxicological mechanisms remain unclear. This study establishes a complete contamination pathway from environmental source to molecular target. We identified the invasive plant Bidens alba as a novel PA producer and provided the first evidence of transfer to honey by detecting corresponding PAs and characteristic Bidens alba pollens in local samples. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PA toxicity fundamentally differs from classic hepatotoxins like acetaminophen. Instead of directly damaging liver cells, PAs first induce red blood cell rupture (hemolysis) by selectively inhibiting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This hemolytic event precedes observable liver sinusoidal endothelial damage and initiates characteristic vascular liver injury. Our findings establish a new route of food contamination and redefine PA toxicity by identifying blood cells as the primary target, with significant implications for food safety and public health.},
}
@article {pmid41280400,
year = {2025},
author = {Ensing, DJ and Nelson, TD and Moffat, CE and Joslin, L and Eckert, L and Kraml, MM and Eckert, CG},
title = {Together again: the invasive mustard Hesperis matronalis suffers devastating seed predation by a recently adventive specialist weevil.},
journal = {BioControl (Dordrecht, Netherlands)},
volume = {70},
number = {6},
pages = {835-847},
pmid = {41280400},
issn = {1386-6141},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The enemy release hypothesis underpins classical (or importation) biocontrol as a management technique for invasive species. Classical biocontrol has had resounding success when prospective control agents have been subject to appropriate screening before release. Occasionally, however, natural enemies have been reunited with their hosts accidentally. Such adventive agents may provide effective control but have also avoided the careful screening characteristic of modern importation biocontrol programmes. We were studying the invasive mustard, Hesperis matronalis L. (Dame's rocket; Brassicaceae: Hesperidae), when we discovered rampant seed predation by an unknown seed predator. Using DNA barcoding, we identified this seed predator as Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a recently (2018) detected species in North America. Comparing potential and realised seed production, we found that seed predation by C. inaffectatus strongly reduces H. matronalis fecundity, and that this effect was not moderated by infection with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a commercially important pathogen hosted by H. matronalis and transmitted by polyphagous aphid species. C. inaffectatus is expected to be highly host-specific, and the absence of native Hesperidae species in North America suggests the potential for C. inaffectatus as a classical, but adventive, biocontrol agent of H. matronalis. We suggest population genetic research to identify the origin of C. inaffectatus, and host specificity testing before any intentional redistribution of this species for H. matronalis biocontrol. More generally, this system acts as a model for biocontrol prospects with adventive insect herbivore species.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10526-025-10338-w.},
}
@article {pmid41277264,
year = {2025},
author = {Royer, P and Catubis, KM and Dumont, F and Lucas, E},
title = {From the predator to the prey: a case study of the vulnerability of Harmonia axyridis to aggressive competitors.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70195},
pmid = {41277264},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {RGPIN-2015-04995//Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
abstract = {Harmonia axyridis was originally considered and used as a biocontrol agent throughout the world. But its effectiveness has turned into a serious detriment to ecosystems, as it has become an invasive and harmful species, gradually displacing native coccinellid populations. Its invasive success mostly relies on its voracity, aggressiveness, and dominance in intraguild predation (IGP) interactions. Aggressiveness is a major behavioral characteristic known to influence IGP occurrence and outcome. So, what if H. axyridis were confronted with more aggressive competitors? To understand the vulnerability of H. axyridis to aggressive competitors, we confronted it with an IGP interaction involving two artificially selected lines of the generalist predator Nabis americoferus (one aggressive and one docile) in the presence of extraguild prey (Myzus persicae). Two hypotheses were formulated: (1) the IGP intensity toward H. axyridis is positively correlated with the intraguild predator's aggressiveness, and (2) the IGP intensity decreases in the presence of extraguild prey for both the aggressive and docile lines. Results showed that, as expected, the aggressive line displayed a higher IGP rate on H. axyridis than the docile line, supporting the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis was also supported, since extraguild prey availability led to a decrease in IGP for both lines. Apart from providing insights into the relationship between aggressiveness and IGP occurrence, the discussion focuses on the consequences for H. axyridis in the field as an invasive species and as a biological control agent.},
}
@article {pmid41277034,
year = {2026},
author = {Mameno, K and Suzuki, T and Yamaguchi, S and Ueno, M and Kubo, T},
title = {Economic incentives contribute little to reducing agricultural damage from invasive non-native species: evidence from raccoon management in Hokkaido, Japan.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {3},
pages = {2588-2594},
pmid = {41277034},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {22K18063//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 24K03147//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Japan ; *Introduced Species ; *Raccoons ; *Agriculture/economics ; *Motivation ; *Pest Control/economics/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: An economic incentive scheme is utilized to enhance citizens' support for managing invasive non-native species. However, the effectiveness of the incentive scheme in the outcomes of the management remains unclear. This study investigates the effectiveness of economic incentives in managing invasive non-native species, focusing on their impact on reducing crop damage. Using data from raccoon management in Hokkaido, Japan, and the Japanese agricultural census, our analysis applies an inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment to evaluate the outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings reveal that economic incentives for capturing raccoons do not significantly reduce crop damage. Additionally, although these incentives increase the number of captured raccoons, the additional captures do not result in measurable reductions in agricultural damage.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The absence of positive results underscores the need to develop and evaluate evidence-based management strategies for invasive non-native species. This study recommends implementing outcome-based incentive schemes that align rewards with measurable management goals. Additionally, testing and refining the design of incentive schemes based on their actual effects on management outcomes remain critical. Despite the null results, this study provides valuable insights into designing incentive schemes that garner citizen support while avoiding redundancy. These findings contribute to advancing effective management strategies for invasive species. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41276003,
year = {2026},
author = {Dong, Y and Jin, Q and Yin, J and Xu, Y and Liu, G},
title = {Sustainable antifouling of marine biofilms using charge-modulated TiO2-Cu nanointerfaces: Mechanistic insights and environmental implications.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {123369},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.123369},
pmid = {41276003},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {*Biofilms/drug effects ; *Titanium/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Copper/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Biofouling/prevention &amp; control ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects/physiology ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Nanotubes/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Marine biofouling represents a critical environmental issue, as it accelerates fuel consumption, increases carbon emissions, and facilitates the spread of invasive species, thereby threatening marine ecosystem sustainability. Titanium alloys are extensively employed in marine applications due to their mechanical robustness and corrosion resistance, yet their intrinsic biocompatibility significantly facilitates microbial colonization and persistent biofilm development. Conventional antifouling strategies have predominantly focused on chemical modifications, while neglecting interfacial electrostatic interactions essential for combating electroactive biofilm-forming bacteria. In this study, an environmentally benign "electricity-against-electricity" antifouling platform was developed by exploiting charge-responsive interfaces to disrupt bacterial electroactivity. Capacitive titania nanotube (TNT) composites with controllable Cu content were fabricated on Ti substrates and subjected to direct current charging. The optimized TNTs-0.75Cu exhibited markedly enhanced capacitance and achieved an antibacterial efficiency exceeding 98 % against electroactive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mechanistic investigations revealed that surface potential fluctuations generated during galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles, together with sustained Cu[2+] release, synergistically downregulated key genes in P. aeruginosa associated with phenazine biosynthesis (phzS) and quorum sensing (lasI, lasR). This dual mode of action effectively disrupted bacterial virulence pathways, compromised membrane integrity, and suppressed sessile biofilm formation. Importantly, the TNTs-Cu platform retained structural integrity and stability under simulated marine conditions, highlighting its environmental compatibility. These findings underscore a sustainable and non-toxic alternative to conventional antifouling coatings, offering significant potential for mitigating ecological risks while extending the service life of titanium-based marine structures.},
}
@article {pmid41275686,
year = {2026},
author = {Scott, AM and Tamrakar, S and Li, W},
title = {Quantification of a sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) pheromone antagonist in river water using ion pairing solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.},
journal = {Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences},
volume = {1269},
number = {},
pages = {124866},
doi = {10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124866},
pmid = {41275686},
issn = {1873-376X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; *Petromyzon/metabolism ; *Solid Phase Extraction/methods ; *Rivers/chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Limit of Detection ; Male ; Linear Models ; Female ; *Sex Attractants/analysis/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; *Pheromones/analysis/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Cholic Acids ; },
abstract = {Pheromones mediate species-wide communication for many aquatic organisms, and the measurement of pheromones in natural waters is essential to understanding the environmental context of their function. However, chemical measurement of environmental pheromones and their antagonists is technically demanding and remains underdeveloped relative to assays for characterizing biological functions and application efficacy. In this study, we developed and validated an accurate and sensitive method to quantify a sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) pheromone and its antagonists. In this species, males release a multi-component sex pheromone containing 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) that attracts females, while related compounds petromyzonol sulfate (PZS) and petromyzonol tetrasulfate (3sPZS) antagonize and disrupt female attraction. Developing methods to quantify 3sPZS in river water that contains pheromone is essential for understanding concentration-dependent effects of antagonists on invasive sea lamprey spawning. The target compound 3sPZS was extracted using triethylamine as an ion-pairing reagent during solid phase extraction followed by quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method showed a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL and limit of quantification of 0.5 ng/mL with linearity in the range of 10-1000 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy, precision, recovery, and matrix effect of this method were evaluated. The method was applied to quantify 3sPZS, PZS, and 3kPZS in water sampled during field application in a river with sea lamprey and further evaluated for robustness by quantifying 3sPZS in 16 rivers across diverse environmental matrices. Our approach may be adapted to inform management strategies for detecting and mitigating invasive or imperiled aquatic species.},
}
@article {pmid41275130,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, N and Chu, S and Wei, Q and Ma, Y and Abramov, AV and Wen, Z and Ge, D},
title = {Genomic insights into adaptive evolution of Island brown rats (Rattus norvegicus): evidence from Iturup Island in the Russian Far East.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {142},
pmid = {41275130},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {2023IOZ0104//the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 32170426 and 32270551//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2025PVA0024//the CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative/ ; 125012800908-0//ZIN program/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The global spread of Rattus norvegicus has been shaped by human activity and climate change, with island isolation driving unique evolutionary paths. Understanding population differentiation and adaptive evolution in invasive rodents informs island biodiversity conservation and invasive species management. Through whole-genome analysis of 38 R. norvegicus individuals from Iturup Island and adjacent mainland, we revealed their demographic history and genetic signatures of island adaptation. High-quality SNPs were obtained by mapping to the reference genome, followed by quality filtering for population genomic analyses. We initially investigated population structure and inferred demographic history. Subsequently, genetic diversity and load were compared across populations using sliding window. Divergent selection between mainland and island populations was detected, with identified candidate genes subjected to functional annotation.<br><br>RESULTS: This study revealed that the island rat population formed a monophyletic, homozygous lineage diverging from Northeast Asian mainland population&#x2009;~&#x2009;50,000 years ago, likely via glacial-era colonization over land bridges. Demographic reconstructions showed post-colonization expansion followed by a bottleneck, in contrast to mainland declines during glaciation. Island rats displayed reduced diversity, elevated linkage disequilibrium, and moderate inbreeding, suggesting they were undergoing a selective sweep. Despite high genetic load, genomic scans identified adaptive sweeps in genes related to olfaction, neural function, immunity, and metabolism, reflecting adaptations to ecological stressors.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The R. norvegicus population on Iturup island illustrated evolution shaped by long-term geographic isolation. Insular conditions have led to inbreeding bottlenecks and increased genetic load, while driving unique local adaptations. Positive selection on genes related to olfaction, neural development, immunity, and metabolism might contribute to adaptation to the local environment. These results highlight pronounced genomic divergence and adaptive evolution in invasive island rodents, offering insights into evolutionary resilience in isolated ecosystems.<br><br>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text]<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-025-02480-x.},
}
@article {pmid41274408,
year = {2026},
author = {Olsson, SB},
title = {From apathy to advocacy: insect stewardship for our modern world.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {74},
number = {},
pages = {101463},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2025.101463},
pmid = {41274408},
issn = {2214-5753},
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecta ; Humans ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Insect Control ; },
abstract = {As human-driven urbanization, environmental change, agricultural intensification, pesticides, pollution, and invasive species expand across the globe, our insect populations face precipitous decline. Meanwhile, the connection of our modern societies with nature mirrors this decline. As academics, we must become active advocates for insect stewardship worldwide. Insect stewardship requires us to move beyond promoting respect for insects and their survival to citizen-led protection and management of insects through habitat protection, ethical considerations, and sustainable practices. This perspective offers a discussion on modern culture's increasing disconnection with insects as well as current interventions to increase insect stewardship based on the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation to Behavior) model of behavioral change.},
}
@article {pmid41274272,
year = {2025},
author = {Neary, N and Acosta, J and Nelson, SC and Taunton, MA and Brooks, N and Iglay, RB and Street, GM and Strickland, BK},
title = {The influence of the landscape and removal efforts on the economic damage of the invasive wild pig.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {396},
number = {},
pages = {128017},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128017},
pmid = {41274272},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; Swine ; *Introduced Species ; Animals, Wild ; Sus scrofa ; Agriculture/economics ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; },
abstract = {Non-native, invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) continue to inflict both ecological and economic damage throughout North America. Municipalities, agricultural producers, and landowners are seeking solutions for the most economical processes to remove wild pigs from the landscape and evaluate if removal costs provide positive financial returns. Using reports of wild pig damage provided by landowners in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, we calculated financial costs across the landscape and assess the relationship with crops planted and local pig removal events. We found that pig removal conducted a year prior to damage reports has a significant effect on reducing damage among nearby properties, and that closer removal events are associated with less damage, suggesting farmers and landowners should seek out pig removal options. Using detailed removal data, we estimated the cost of land trapping wild pigs to be $200 per pig, which is substantially less than the cost of pig damage without trapping, indicating that investing in pig removal is well worth the cost. Using data from both land trapping and aerial gunning, we approximated each pig removal within 1 km of a property to be associated with a large reduction (around 40%-60%) of damages, per pig removed, again showing removal to be worthwhile. Furthermore, we found that high-value crops and agronomic fields for wildlife serve as attractive food sources for wild pigs and consumption of crops is responsible for the greatest financial damage in local areas, implying that there is a necessity to understand landscape structure and its role in pig attraction.},
}
@article {pmid41273833,
year = {2025},
author = {Jin, J and Zhao, M and Wan, F and Guo, J},
title = {Cumulative generational effects of periodic heat events on two geographic populations of Agasicles hygrophila (Chrysomelidae), a classical biocontrol agent of invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {307},
number = {},
pages = {119449},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119449},
pmid = {41273833},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Amaranthaceae ; *Hot Temperature/adverse effects ; Female ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Fertility ; *Weed Control/methods ; Male ; Introduced Species ; Biological Control Agents ; Plant Weeds ; Larva/growth &amp; development ; China ; },
abstract = {Agasicles hygrophila (Chrysomelidae) is a specialized biological control agent for the invasive alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides. In mid-summer in Changsha City, Hunan Province, rising temperatures caused a substantial decline in the local A. hygrophila population, resulting in ineffective weed control. However, the beetle continued to feed on A. philoxeroides during the same period in Wanning City, Hainan Province. We hypothesized that heat events are the key factors driving the differing fluctuations between the two geographic populations. In this study, we investigated the development, survival, and fecundity of these two geographic populations across multiple consecutive generations under periodic heat exposure. There were no significant differences in fecundity, developmental duration, or survival across three consecutive generations for both populations under periodic heatwave 33 °C (4 h) compared with the control 30 °C (4 h). Population development has remained robust in both cases. However, periodic heat stress at 36 °C (4 h) significantly impacted the development and fecundity of the Changsha population, including reduced female fecundity, prolonged developmental periods across all stages, and decreased survival rates, all adversely affecting population development. The Wanning population experienced a slight decline in female fecundity during the treatment. At 39 °C (4 h), all the F2 generation eggs of the Changsha population failed to hatch. The sex ratio was significantly skewed toward females. While the Wanning population produced F2 generation larvae, none of them developed to the pupal stage. Neither population completed F2 generation development. These findings elucidate the effect of heat stress on cumulative generational effects in both populations of A. hygrophila. They also suggested that the Wanning population might possess greater heat tolerance than the Changsha population, providing valuable insights into the adaptive strategies for insects and other organisms facing climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41272968,
year = {2025},
author = {D'Andrea, R and Barabás, G and Dalrymple, SE and Foden, W and Genovesi, P and Krishnadas, M and Leibold, MA and McPeek, MA and Moehrenschlager, A and Rodriguez, JP and Akçakaya, HR},
title = {Ecological Risk-Benefit Analysis for Assisted Colonization.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {11},
pages = {e70613},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70613},
pmid = {41272968},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {Risk Assessment ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Biodiversity ; Extinction, Biological ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Assisted colonization (AC), translocating a species outside its indigenous range to avoid its extinction, is one of the few conservation options for some species. It is also controversial because of the history of ecological impacts of invasive species, including the extinction of native species as a result of novel ecological interactions resulting from the introduction. Although several national and international organizations have issued guidelines related to AC, none allow case-specific decision-making based on risks and benefits to biodiversity. We propose a two-pronged approach to fill this gap. The first step aims to separate clear-cut cases of AC from those that require an in-depth risk analysis. We propose a set of seven qualitative criteria to identify AC projects that are clearly low-risk and high-benefit, and therefore should not be controversial, and those that are clearly high-risk or low-benefit and therefore should not be attempted. This identifies only the most obvious cases, leaving out many cases to be determined through a quantitative analysis to estimate the probabilities of extirpation of the resident species because of AC, which is the second step of our approach. We propose a roadmap for developing such a system based on community ecology theory, and a framework for considering the estimated probabilities in a global context. Our framework recommends an AC project only if it would result in a larger number of globally extant species than a scenario of no action. We propose large-scale testing of the clear-cut approach, further development of the quantitative approach, and wide consultation for adopting international guidelines for risk assessment of AC projects.},
}
@article {pmid41272314,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, X and Yang, T and Zhang, Z and Zhang, Y and Mei, X and Gao, Y and Wang, N and Jiang, G and Xu, Y and Shen, Q and Medema, MH and Jousset, A and Wei, Z},
title = {Substrate utilization and cross-feeding synergistically determine microbiome resistance to pathogen invasion.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {211-220},
pmid = {41272314},
issn = {2397-334X},
mesh = {*Microbiota ; Introduced Species ; *Plants/microbiology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Understanding how plant-associated microbiomes resist phytopathogen invasion remains a key challenge in natural ecosystems. Here we combined genome-scale metabolic models with synthetic community experiments, both in vitro and in planta, to unravel the mechanisms driving pathogen suppression. We developed curated genome-scale models for each strain, incorporating 48 common resource utilization profiles to fully capture their metabolic capacities. Trophic interactions inferred from models effectively predicted pathogen invasion outcomes across diverse microbial communities and nutrient environments. Importantly, considering both substrate and metabolite features provided a more holistic understanding of pathogen suppression. In particular, cross-feeding metabolites within the native community emerged as crucial yet often overlooked predictors of community resistance, disproportionally favouring native species over invaders. This study lays the foundation for designing disease-resistant microbiomes, with broad implications for mitigating pathogen exposure in diverse environments.},
}
@article {pmid41271727,
year = {2025},
author = {Du, Z and Wirtz, J and Zhou, YJ and Jenstead, A and Opgenorth, T and Puls, A and Meyer, C and Gelembiuk, GW and Lee, CE},
title = {Genome architecture evolution in an invasive copepod species complex.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {10312},
pmid = {41271727},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {OCE-1658517//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; DEB-2055356//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; ANR-19-MPGA-0004//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Copepoda/genetics/classification ; *Genome/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Chromosomes/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Centromere/genetics ; Telomere/genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Chromosomal fusions are hypothesized to facilitate evolutionary adaptation, but empirical evidence has been scarce. Here, we analyze chromosome-level genome sequences of three sibling species within the copepod Eurytemora affinis species complex, known for its remarkable ability to rapidly colonize new habitats. Genomes of this species complex show expansions of ion transport-related gene families, likely related to adaptation to various environmental salinities. Among three genetically distinct sibling species, we discover notable patterns of chromosomal evolution, with chromosomal fusions observed in two different sibling species. As a result of these chromosomal fusions, functionally linked ion transport-related genes located near the telomeres become joined near the newly formed centromeres, where recombination is low. Notably, for the highly invasive E. carolleeae and to a lesser extent for E. gulfia, the ancient chromosomal fusion sites, especially the centromeres, are significantly enriched with contemporary signatures of selection between saline and freshwater populations. This study uncovers intriguing patterns of genome architecture evolution with potentially important implications for mechanisms of adaptive evolution in response to rapid environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid41267180,
year = {2025},
author = {Wiens, JD and Lesmeister, DB and Jenkins, JMA and Dugger, KM},
title = {Forest owl community response following the removal of an intraguild invader.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {11},
pages = {e70241},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70241},
pmid = {41267180},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {L20PG00057//U.S. Bureau of Land Management/ ; 4500095999//U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/ ; //USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Strigiformes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Forests ; Predatory Behavior ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Invasive predators can reshape native predator assemblages, triggering cascading changes in broader wildlife communities. In western North America, the barred owl (Strix varia) is an invasive apex predator with well-documented negative impacts on congeneric northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), but impacts on other native forest owls are poorly understood. We coupled a large-scale removal experiment with a passive acoustic monitoring network to quantify species-specific and community-level responses of a five-species assemblage of native forest owls to the lethal removal of invasive barred owls. Our results supported predictions of intraguild predation theory, where smaller bodied, nocturnal species most susceptible to predation and resource competition from larger barred owls benefitted from removal, whereas a diurnally active owl species and a larger bodied species showed little to no response. We conclude that focused management actions limiting the occurrence of barred owls can provide spatial refugia for spotted owls and other sympatric native owl species, thereby promoting forest biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41266323,
year = {2025},
author = {Gamba, D and Vahsen, ML and Maxwell, TM and Pirtel, N and Romero, S and Van Ee, JJ and Penn, A and Das, A and Ben-Zeev, R and Baughman, O and Blaney, CS and Bodkins, R and Budha-Magar, S and Copeland, SM and Davis-Foust, SL and Diamond, A and Donnelly, RC and Dunwiddie, PW and Ensing, DJ and Everest, TA and Hoitink, H and Holdrege, MC and Hufbauer, RA and Juzėnas, S and Kalwij, JM and Kashirina, E and Kim, S and Klisz, M and Klyueva, A and Langeveld, M and Lutfy, S and Martin, D and Merkord, CL and Morgan, JW and Nagy, DU and Ott, JP and Puchalka, R and Pyle, LA and Rasran, L and Rector, BG and Rosche, C and Sadykova, M and Shriver, RK and Stanislavschi, A and Starzomski, BM and Stone, RL and Turner, KG and Urza, AK and VanWallendael, A and Wegenschimmel, CA and Zweck, J and Brown, CS and Leger, EA and Blumenthal, DM and Germino, MJ and Porensky, LM and Hooten, MB and Adler, PB and Lasky, JR},
title = {Local adaptation to climate has facilitated the global invasion of cheatgrass.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {10203},
pmid = {41266323},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {R35GM138300//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; DEB-1927177//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; DEB-1927282//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; R35 GM138300/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; DEB-1927009//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Genotype ; *Bromus/genetics/physiology ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Gene Flow ; North America ; *Climate ; Gene Frequency ; },
abstract = {Local adaptation may facilitate range expansion during invasions, but the mechanisms underlying successful invasions remain unclear. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), native to Eurasia and Africa, has invaded globally, with severe impacts in western North America. We aim to identify mechanisms and consequences of local adaptation in the North American cheatgrass invasion. We sequence 307 range-wide genotypes and conduct controlled experiments. We find that diverse lineages invaded North America, where long-distance gene flow is common. Nearly half of North American cheatgrass comprises a mosaic of ~19 locally adapted, near-clonal genotypes, each seemingly very successful in a different part of North America. Additionally, ancestry, phenotype, and allele frequency-environment clines in the native range predict those in the invaded range, indicating pre-adapted genotypes colonized different regions. Common gardens show directional selection on flowering time that reverse between warm and cold sites, potentially maintaining clines. In the USA Great Basin, genomic predictions of strong local adaptation identify sites where cheatgrass is most dominant. Our results indicate that multiple introductions and migration within the invaded range fuel local adaptation and success of cheatgrass in western North America. Understanding how environment and gene flow shape adaptation and invasion is critical for managing ongoing invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41265351,
year = {2026},
author = {Bhuiyan, MKA and Godoy, O and González-Ortegón, E and Rodil, IF},
title = {Invasion dynamics and management of the Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in a European salt marsh: Evidence from the Bay of Cádiz, Spain.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {118972},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118972},
pmid = {41265351},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Spain ; *Wetlands ; Environmental Monitoring ; Bays ; Ecosystem ; Aquaculture ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are reshaping coastal ecosystems, yet invader performance in aquaculture-influenced salt marsh habitats remains poorly resolved. We conducted an 18-month survey (January 2023-July 2024) at two contrasting salt marsh sites in the Bay of Cádiz, Spain, to compare the invasive Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) with the native European green crab (Carcinus maenas). Monthly fyke-net sampling was paired with concurrent prey assessments and water-column measurements. We captured 168 C. sapidus and 1086 C. maenas individuals. Mean abundance (individuals net[-1] 24 h[-1]) was higher for C. sapidus at the Fish site (1.83 ± 0.36) and for C. maenas at the Oyster site (16.28 ± 1.91). Biomass (ash free dry mass, g) was higher for C. sapidus at the Fish site (11.63 ± 2.08 vs 4.58 ± 1.15 at the Oyster site) and for C. maenas at the Oyster site (10.53 ± 1.22 vs 1.12 ± 0.43 at the Fish site). Body sizes mirrored these patterns (C. sapidus at Fish site: +14.5 mm carapace width, +5.9 mm carapace length relative to Oyster site; C. maenas at the Oyster site: +2.7 mm carapace width, +2.3 mm carapace length versus the Fish site; p < 0.05). Seasonal peaks differed (C. sapidus: late spring-early summer; C. maenas: winter-spring), with a winter non detection of C. sapidus. Linear mixed-effects models showed that C. sapidus abundance increased under warmer, macroinfauna-rich conditions, whereas C. maenas was more abundant in cooler, more turbid waters with higher availability of fish and hyperbenthic prey. These patterns suggest thermal-prey pathways in aquaculture-modified salt marshes and provide cues for targeted monitoring, removal, and future management.},
}
@article {pmid41263070,
year = {2026},
author = {Krushelnycky, PD and Melzer, MJ and Tay, JW},
title = {Evaluation of non-target bait attraction by pollinating insects when using water-storing granules for invasive ant management.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {3},
pages = {2513-2521},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70387},
pmid = {41263070},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//U.S. Department of Defense/ ; //Hawaii Invasive Species Council/ ; //State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology ; *Pollination ; Introduced Species ; *Insect Control/methods ; *Insecta/physiology ; Water ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Water-storing granules (WSGs) such as hydrogels are a promising management tool for invasive pest ants because they present attractive sugar-water bait in easily dispersible granular form. However, the attraction of pollinators and other non-target insects to such granules is a concern. We evaluated this non-target risk through staged video observations of baits and field broadcast of protein immunomarked baits using three types of WSG.<br><br>RESULTS: Granules staged on the ground attracted few insects from common pollinating groups, which together comprised <&#x2009;8% of non-ant visitors. However, baits placed near flowers elicited 3.8 times higher visitation rates with >&#x2009;90% being common pollinators. Broadcast plots that tested small-scale bait application scenarios revealed low rates of insect interaction with WSGs, likely because most granules fell to the ground. Less than 10% of pollinators and&#x2009;approximately&#x2009;10% of all flying insects captured were marked, although several taxa had substantially higher rates of marking.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Ant management using hydrogels or other WSG baits should pose relatively low risk to pollinating insects in the shrubland ecosystems studied. However, higher mortality among some non-target species from direct bait consumption may occur, species-specific effects may be challenging to predict, and indirect risks from pesticide residues should also be considered. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41260057,
year = {2025},
author = {Vattiato, M and Landro, SM and Spaccesi, FG and Arrighetti, F and Lavarías, SML},
title = {Tolerance of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata to individual and combined exposures of the pyrethroid cypermethrin and the tetramic acid spirotetramat.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {393},
number = {},
pages = {144766},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144766},
pmid = {41260057},
issn = {1879-1298},
mesh = {Animals ; *Pyrethrins/toxicity ; *Spiro Compounds/toxicity ; *Insecticides/toxicity ; *Snails/drug effects/physiology ; *Aza Compounds/toxicity ; Male ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; *Pyrrolidinones/toxicity ; },
abstract = {This study evaluated the sensitivity of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata to the insecticides cypermethrin (CYP), a type II pyrethroid, and spirotetramat (STM), a new-generation tetramic acid. Initially, the LC50 values were determined for adult male and female snails, revealing a high tolerance to both compounds, with values of 65.6 mg/L for CYP and 12.8 mg/L for STM. Subsequently, female snails were exposed to sublethal concentrations of both pesticides individually and in combination for ten days. Several biomarkers, including biochemical parameters and histopathological changes, were studied in the digestive gland. The two-factor ANOVA analysis showed that of all the biochemical parameters evaluated, only total protein, uric acid, glutathione S-transferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activity were affected by individual CYP treatment (0.1 mg/L) compared to the control. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase activity was affected by individual and combined STM treatments, showing a hormesis pattern. Triacylglycerol content showed no differences between the control and the different treatments. However, the 0.1 mg/L CYP +0.1 mg/L STM treatment resulted in the highest triacylglycerol accumulation. Semi-quantitative analysis of the histopathological index (HI) revealed that the exposure of both CYP and STM led to a significantly higher HI than in controls. However, no dose-dependent pattern was observed, suggesting a high sensitivity of the digestive gland. The integrated biomarker index (IBRv2) analysis showed that CYP caused greater damage than STM. The combined treatment exhibited an antagonistic interaction between CYP and STM. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the high tolerance of P. canaliculata to pesticides from different chemical groups. This remarkable adaptability may explain its success in adverse environmental conditions, establishing it as one of the world's most damaging invasive species. The study also reinforces the value of histopathological changes as the most appropriate and sensitive biomarker for assessing pesticide contamination in this organism.},
}
@article {pmid41259517,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, Y and Zhang, S and Zang, W and Ericson, PGP and Claramunt, S and Joseph, L and Christidis, L and Zhai, W and Lei, F and Qu, Y},
title = {Balancing selection of climate adaptive loci underlies the success of introduction of Eurasian Tree Sparrows.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {47},
pages = {eadw3797},
pmid = {41259517},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Animals ; *Sparrows/genetics/physiology ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Climate ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; *Introduced Species ; Genetics, Population ; *Genetic Loci ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {Human-mediated introductions have enabled species to colonize beyond their native ranges, yet the mechanisms underlying successful establishment remain unclear. We combined genomic and ecological analyses to investigate parallel introductions of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow across continents. Our analyses of genetic structure and demography revealed that introduced populations in North America (European origin) and Australia (Chinese origin) experienced founder effects, with resulting bottlenecks, reduced genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding. Despite the genome-wide loss of diversity, we identified conserved regions of high genetic variation in the introduced populations, potentially maintained through balancing selection of ancestral polymorphisms. Genotype-climate association and genetic offset modeling demonstrated that climate-adaptive genetic variants retained similar frequencies across the native and introduced ranges, likely maintaining similar interactions of genetic components with climate niches. Our findings highlight how retention of adaptive polymorphism facilitates establishment success in the introduced populations, providing a framework for predicting invasion potential through genomic signatures of adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid41258944,
year = {2025},
author = {Warren, RJ},
title = {Environmental resistance mediates propagule pressure in a novel plant community.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {12},
pages = {192},
pmid = {41258944},
issn = {1432-1939},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Soil ; Poaceae ; },
abstract = {Invasive species success in novel habitats is shaped by the interplay between propagule pressure and environmental resistance. Although high propagule pressure often drives invasion, establishment can fail when strong resistance limits new recruits. Disturbance may reduce resistance by disrupting resident communities and increasing resource availability especially for fast-growing species. To test the generality of these dynamics, Oxalis stricta L. was used as a model invader and turfgrass assemblages as generalized low-diversity systems common in anthropogenic landscapes. In a controlled glasshouse experiment, O. stricta and manipulated environmental resistance were introduced through variation in plant cover, soil moisture, and nutrients. Despite producing more than 400,000 seeds in 17 weeks, O. stricta was almost entirely excluded from vegetated trays (< 2% cover, no reproduction), whereas cover in bare soil often approached 100%. After colonization, seedpod production plateaued at ~ 75% cover, consistent with negative density dependence. Supplemental watering increased O. stricta growth in bare soil, whereas fertilization had little direct effect but shifted turfgrass competition which further suppressed invasion. These results suggest that even extreme propagule pressure is insufficient to overcome strong environmental resistance. At the same time, the ability of O. stricta to self-pollinate and persist in disturbed microsites indicated that minimal founder populations may still establish under fluctuating conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41258452,
year = {2025},
author = {Abba, A and Sankarannair, S and Ibrahim, Y and Kaparaju, P},
title = {A participatory approach to water hyacinth management: Enhancing livelihoods and ecosystem sustainability.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {3},
pmid = {41258452},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {*Eichhornia ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Animals ; Agriculture ; India ; Water Quality ; Introduced Species ; Humans ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a highly invasive aquatic species that significantly impacts ecosystems and livelihoods, particularly in rural communities reliant on fisheries and agriculture. The study investigates the impact of water hyacinth proliferation on the livelihoods of communities in coastal Kerala, India, by utilizing the potential of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) for developing sustainable management strategies. Employing qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and PRA tools such as resource mapping and seasonal calendars, the research gathered data from farmers, fishermen, and community leaders to explore community-led intervention strategies for sustainable water hyacinth management. The findings reveal that water hyacinth proliferation disrupts water transportation, depletes fish stocks, increases agricultural labor costs, and degrades water quality, leading to biodiversity loss and hindering economic activities, particularly in agriculture and fishing. The study found that 85% of community members identified the impact on fisheries (reduced catch and income) as a primary concern, while 70% reported water transportation disruption due to dense hyacinth mats. Water quality degradation, including increased turbidity and reduced dissolved oxygen levels, was reported by 65% of respondents. The study demonstrates that the utilization of water hyacinth as biofertilizer resulted in a 20% increase in crop yield over a four-month trial period. These findings align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 8, 11, and 15 by promoting sustainable water management, economic growth, and ecosystem restoration.},
}
@article {pmid41255885,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, L and Qiu, J and Zhu, X and Ren, C and Wang, K and Yimingniyazi, A},
title = {Ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Solanum rostratum organs in different habitats.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1673588},
pmid = {41255885},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {AIMS: Plant ecological stoichiometry focuses on the elemental content (such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)) in plant organs and its relationship with environmental factors and ecosystem functions. Alien invasive species ensure their rapid and efficient propagation by regulating their nutrient distribution, and they also influence soil physical and chemical properties by modifying the nutrient cycle and releasing allelochemicals, thus forming an environment conducive to their growth, reproduction, and diffusion. However, evidence on the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of the invasive plant Solanum rostratum and its invaded soils across different habitats in China, particularly the species' nutrient utilization strategies in varying environments, is lacking.<br><br>METHODS: This study investigated S. rostratum in Xinjiang Province of China and analyzed the organ allocation of C, N, and P and stoichiometric characteristics across four distinct habitats (irrigation ditches, riparian zones, desert steppes, farmlands) through field surveys and controlled laboratory experiments. In addition, a conceptual framework elucidating S. rostratum's invasion mechanisms, nutrient-use adaptations, and plant-soil feedback was established.<br><br>RESULTS: The results demonstrated that S. rostratum exhibits significant stoichiometric adaptation strategies in different habitats, thus providing a scientific foundation for understanding its invasion mechanisms and formulating effective control measures. The results indicated that significant differences in C, N, and P content occurred among the organs of S. rostratum, with a peak in reproductive tissues (flowers, fruits).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This priority allocation to reproduction underscores an evolved strategy for optimizing fitness. Moreover, with changes in the invasion degree of S. rostratum, the soil nutrient cycle changed, with obvious differences in the responses of different habitats. This indicates that S. rostratum invasion not only affects its own growth but also affects the nutrient cycle of the whole ecosystem by changing the soil nutrient status. In addition, habitat type had a significant impact on the element accumulation of S. rostratum, and the quantitative relationship between plant and soil elements showed obvious habitat specificity. This phenomenon reflects the driving roles of environmental stress and resource availability on plant growth. S. rostratum adjusts its element absorption and distribution strategies under the environmental and resource conditions of different habitats as an adaptation to environmental changes. Therefore, S. rostratum adapts to heterogeneous environment or heterogeneous condition. Accordingly, differentiated control strategies tailored to its invasion characteristics in distinct habitats should be formulated to enhance its control efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid41255204,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Chen, Z and Li, T and Zhou, X and Cai, W and Liu, J and Guo, L and Wang, Y},
title = {Mitigating biofouling in hydraulic infrastructure: a review of Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) control technologies.},
journal = {Biofouling},
volume = {41},
number = {10},
pages = {999-1022},
doi = {10.1080/08927014.2025.2583174},
pmid = {41255204},
issn = {1029-2454},
mesh = {*Biofouling/prevention &amp; control ; Animals ; Introduced Species ; *Hydrozoa/physiology ; },
abstract = {Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857 in GBIF Secretariat (2023)), an invasive species known for its high filtration rate, dense populations, and rapid dispersion, poses a significant threat to freshwater ecosystems in various regions worldwide. In hydraulic infrastructure, L. fortunei biofouling reduces operational efficiency, accelerates infrastructure degradation, shortens equipment lifespan, and poses safety risks and water contamination threats, incurring significant economic costs. Consequently, effective control measures for L. fortunei are urgently needed. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding and managing L. fortunei, with various strategies proposed-such as physical removal, chemical eradication, and biological control - few have been shown to provide long-term, widely applicable solutions in hydraulic engineering. This paper reviews the mechanisms of fouling by L. fortunei and the current prevention strategies, offering a scientific basis and guidance for developing more effective prevention and control technologies.},
}
@article {pmid41254873,
year = {2025},
author = {Winkler, DE and Chapin, KJ and Amer, WM and Augé, M and Bon, MC and Cristofaro, M and François, O and Garmon, JD and Gaut, BS and Kashefi, J and Marini, F and Sforza, R and Smith, L and Huxman, TE},
title = {Human-Mediated Dispersal Routes Structure Sahara Mustard Genomics.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {24},
pages = {e70176},
pmid = {41254873},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {//Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center/ ; //University of California, Irvine/ ; //Tubb Canyon Desert Conservancy/ ; //Anza-Borrego Foundation/ ; //Victor and Virginia Voth Family Trust/ ; //Joshua Tree National Park Association/ ; //Natural Reserve System, University of California/ ; //Ecological Society of America/ ; //U.S. Department of Education/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Mustard Plant/genetics ; *Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; *Introduced Species ; Australia ; Africa, Northern ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; *Plant Dispersal ; Genomics ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {Humans have facilitated the spread and evolution of invasive species, a pattern that has accelerated with the globalisation of trade and societal development. Consequently, the invasiveness of a species may be determined not only by how many propagules and which genotypes are introduced, but also by its evolutionary history and how humans have interacted with it. Here, we document the population structure and movement of Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) within its native range and its invaded U.S. and Australian ranges. We evaluated 312 individuals spanning 31 sites. We found that Sahara mustard has likely undergone substantial mixing within its native range, with genotypes from Egypt potentially representing a human-created connection between North African, European and West Asian genotypes. Our results suggest Egypt-and perhaps closely related populations in Morocco and France-as the likely origin of invasive U.S. populations. Australian accessions appear most closely related to those from Qatar and may have acted as a bridgehead and potential source of the most-recently introduced U.S. population. Further, agricultural varieties from Pakistan and India represent a mix of genotypes from the western part of the species' native range and the eastern site in Qatar. We also identified evidence of mixing of some accessions of crop wild relatives. Nearly all populations sampled display excess heterozygosity and negative inbreeding coefficients, likely indicative of selection and potential admixture with other cultivated Brassica species. Overall, we reconstructed the probable invasion history of Sahara mustard, inferring significant human-mediated movement of the species within and beyond its native distribution.},
}
@article {pmid41254714,
year = {2025},
author = {Noble, SAA and Ali, RLMN and Wilson-Clarke, CF and Khouri, NK and Norris, DE and Sandiford, SL},
title = {Detection of invasive Aedes vittatus mosquitoes in Jamaica: molecular identification and surveillance implications.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {469},
pmid = {41254714},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {D43 TW010919/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001412/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Jamaica ; *Aedes/genetics/classification ; *Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics/classification ; Phylogeny ; Larva/genetics/classification ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Female ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aedes vittatus, an emerging invasive mosquito of significant public health concern has slowly made its way onto the global radar. With a known geographical range in Africa and Asia, where it is a competent vector for several arboviruses, this mosquito has now been reported in the Americas. As the spread of this mosquito has been partly linked to transcontinental trade and travel, Jamaica, the largest English-speaking country in the Caribbean, which serves as a central hub for trade and transport throughout the region, has been on alert since its identification in neighboring Dominican Republic and Cuba.<br><br>METHOD: BG sentinel traps baited with dry ice and a Prokopack aspirator were used to collect adult mosquitoes whereas disposable plastic pipettes were utilized for the collection of immature stages. Larvae were reared to adults, and all mosquitoes were identified using taxonomic keys. Using a genome skimming approach, the mitochondrial genome from two specimens was sequenced and a section of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was extracted from each mitochondrial genome and used for phylogenetic analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Through ongoing surveillance efforts from January 2023 to October 2024, we report the detection of Ae. vittatus across six locations in four parishes in Jamaica. Both larvae and adults were collected from rural and urban areas in the country. Additionally, we present the first complete annotated mitochondrial genomes from two specimens of this invasive mosquito species. Phylogenetic analysis using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene extracted from the derived mitochondrial genomes of Jamaican Ae. vittatus and available sequences from the GenBank database revealed clustering with specimens from Cuba, Nepal, and India.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first confirmed report of Ae. vittatus in Jamaica. Furthermore, it highlights the benefits of routine surveillance and the power of molecular approaches to identify invasive species and their potential origins.},
}
@article {pmid41254123,
year = {2025},
author = {Galià-Camps, C and Schell, T and Pegueroles, C and Baranski, D and Ben Hamadou, A and Horaud, M and Antich, A and Turon, X and Pascual, M and Greve, C and Carreras, C},
title = {De novo genome assembly, inversion detection, and worldwide adaptation on the invasive species Styela plicata.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {40328},
pmid = {41254123},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {PRE-2018-085227//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Chromosome Inversion ; *Urochordata/genetics ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; *Genome ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Genomics/methods ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity. However, genomic resources of invasive species are scarce, compromising the study of their invasive success and our ability to mitigate their effects. Here, we assemble and annotate the reference chromosome-level genome of the invasive ascidian Styela plicata, and complement it with whole genome sequencing data from 24 individuals worldwide. We developed and validated the novel method "individual Detection of linkage by Genotyping" (iDlG), that allowed identifying four large chromosomal inversions and assigning karyotypes at the individual level. The four inversions are polymorphic throughout the species' distribution range and are enriched with genes that potentially influence fitness in estuarine and harbor environments, where Styela plicata thrives. It was only after we removed the inversions that we could detect clear population structuring, both between and within oceans, driven by several candidate adaptive genes involved in osmoregulation and other functions. Moreover, we recovered three major mitogenomic lineages, two of them globally sympatric and one specific to a single population. Interestingly, mitochondrial lineages show associations with nuclear genes likely involved in correct mitochondrion distribution during cell division. Our study highlights the importance of generating annotated reference genomes and combining them with whole genome sequencing data across whole distribution ranges to identify species' structural and sequence variation for understanding complex evolutionary processes.},
}
@article {pmid41253137,
year = {2025},
author = {Chan-Chable, RJ and Rodríguez-Luna, CR and Espinal-Palomino, R and Ibarra-Cerdeña, CN},
title = {Detection of Aedes (Fredwardsius) vittatus Mosquitoes, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, 2025.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {31},
number = {11},
pages = {2177-2179},
pmid = {41253137},
issn = {1080-6059},
mesh = {*Aedes/classification/genetics/virology ; Mexico ; Phylogeny ; *Introduced Species ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring ; Arbovirus Infections/prevention &amp; control/transmission/virology ; *Mosquito Vectors/classification/genetics/virology ; Humans ; Animals ; },
abstract = {We report detection of Aedes (Fredwardsius) vittatus mosquitoes in continental North America, in Yucatán, Mexico. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the sequence from mosquitoes collected in Mexico with Caribbean mosquito lineages, suggesting species introduction via the Caribbean. Given its arbovirus competence, urgent inclusion of the Ae. vittatus mosquito in surveillance programs is warranted.},
}
@article {pmid41251808,
year = {2025},
author = {Gonhi, P and Mahakata, I},
title = {An assessment of human and natural processes related direct threats to terrestrial protected areas in the Eastern Highlands Region, Zimbabwe.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {12},
pages = {1348},
pmid = {41251808},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {Zimbabwe ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Humans ; *Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Animals ; Hunting/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {Protected areas (PAs) are subjected to threats that make biodiversity conservation programs fragile if not understood and addressed properly. This study identified type, scope, severity, timing, and frequency of direct threats affecting eight PAs (i.e., Nyanga, Chimanimani, Vumba, Bunga, Haroni, Rusitu, Osborne, and Eland Sanctuary) located in Eastern Highlands region of Zimbabwe. Data on local direct threats from published and unpublished literature, questionnaires, and field surveys were assembled. Forty participants from eight PAs were interviewed and asked to rank existing threats in their respective PAs. Threats were coded using the IUCN-Conservation Measures Partnership Unified Classification of direct threats. Common threats recorded across all eight PAs were fires, siltation, hunting and collecting terrestrial animals/plants, trespassing, flooding and shallow landslides, invasive plant species, droughts, and habitat shifting and alteration. There were significant differences in the scope and number of threats between Vumba and Nyanga (p = 0.001), Osborne and Rusitu (p = 0.025), Vumba and Osborne (p = 0.0002), Vumba and Haroni (p = 0.010), Chimanimani and Vumba (p = 0.018), Vumba and Eland Sanctuary (p = 0.010), and Rusitu and Vumba (p = 0.025) at p-critical = 0.05. Participants' views on threat severity showed no significant difference across the landscape (p = 0.835). PA managers should prioritize reducing direct threats of very high scopes and severity before losing biodiversity integrity.},
}
@article {pmid41249739,
year = {2026},
author = {Hamati, S and Medeiros, JS and Ward, D},
title = {Site conditions but not intraspecific competition impact Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) sapling growth and physiology along a stress and latitude gradient.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {139},
number = {1},
pages = {49-61},
pmid = {41249739},
issn = {1618-0860},
support = {402109//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Juniperus/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Stress, Physiological ; Ecosystem ; Biomass ; Introduced Species ; Soil/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Water ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {The Stress Gradient Hypothesis (SGH) predicts that the net effects of competition and facilitation among plants are determined by the interactions with environmental stressors. Juniperus virginiana is a stress-tolerant species that is native to the eastern United States but expanding into novel habitats, which may interact with changes in plant density as invasion proceeds to shape the course of species establishment. We tested this hypothesis by examining three sites along a complex latitudinal gradient shaped by historical glaciation and varying in snowfall, temperature, precipitation, and soil nutrients. We examined the impact of intraspecific competition (zero, one, two, and four competitors) on J. virginiana sapling growth metrics (relative growth rate, total biomass, and nitrogen concentration), physiological traits (midday water potential, assimilation rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), and water status. We found that abiotic conditions impacted plants in a non-linear fashion along a complex stress gradient, with the highest performance at high and low latitude sites. Intraspecific competition had limited effects overall, though some evidence suggests that negative impacts would develop over time at the highest density. Our study testing the expectations of SGH using this stress-tolerant species demonstrates how the theory can be applied to inform invasion management plans by showing that (1) intraspecific competition alone is unlikely to impact J. virginiana performance except at high plant densities, (2) environmental complexity, including the combined effect of temperature, precipitation, soil nutrient content, and competition, is a more likely driver of productivity and establishment, however (3) warmer, drier sites with higher soil nitrogen are expected to support higher growth rates, making them more vulnerable to J. virginiana invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41249268,
year = {2025},
author = {Aduldejcharas, R},
title = {Integration of Pomacea canaliculata shell waste for low-carbon sustainable creative material design.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {40142},
pmid = {41249268},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {In this study we investigated the properties of compressed earth bricks (CEBs) with a cement-to-soil ratio of 1:5 by weight and incorporating 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% Pomacea canaliculata shell waste as a replacement for the cement. These materials were tested in interlocking double-walled structures.The best mechanical performance was obtained at the 25% cement replacement level and showed a compressive strength of 104.90 kN, which is greater than the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 602/2547) for non-load-bearing bricks. The peak density was 2434.5 kg/m3 and occurred at 50% cement replacement and the water absorption was between 16.05% and 17.43%. Calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite and calcite was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). These two minerals form calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel on reaction with soil silica and alumina, resulting in greater strength.A double-walled system constructed from 64 bricks was confirmed as structurally stable and with efficient stress distribution (maximum stress = 83.91 MPa) through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS software.The approach we describe supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 11, 12, and 13) by reducing the demand for cement and the CO2 emissions from its production. It also supports these SDGs by valorising what would otherwise be only agricultural waste, and directly addresses the problems associated with invasive species. To conclude, the approach we put forward provides a feasible method for utilising local agricultural waste to produce a product that has structural reliability is environmentally sustainable.},
}
@article {pmid41249239,
year = {2025},
author = {Gomontean, B and Pingal, AC and Khamthong, K},
title = {Modeling invasion risk of Mimosa pigra L. in Northeastern Thailand using Bayesian count models.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {40156},
pmid = {41249239},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Bayes Theorem ; *Introduced Species ; *Mimosa/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Soil/chemistry ; Thailand ; Wetlands ; },
abstract = {Mimosa pigra L. is a globally significant invasive species that threatens wetland and agricultural ecosystems across the tropics. This study models its population density (plants per square meter) in northeastern Thailand using Bayesian Poisson and negative binomial regression, incorporating soil physicochemical properties as predictors. Data were collected from 50 plots across three districts in Maha Sarakham Province, with analyses of soil pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, and electrical conductivity. Model performance was assessed via the Leave-One-Out Information Criterion (LOOIC) and posterior predictive checks. The negative binomial model provided a superior fit by capturing overdispersion, identifying potassium concentration, soil texture classes (e.g., clay loam, sandy clay), stem diameter, and soil structure as key determinants of M. pigra density. This work represents the first Bayesian quantification of edaphic drivers of M. pigra in Southeast Asia, demonstrating the utility of Bayesian count models for invasion ecology and offering practical guidance for habitat prioritization, early detection, and targeted management in high-risk floodplain ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41248293,
year = {2025},
author = {Kolbe, JJ and Giery, ST and Petherick, AS and Losos, JB and Bock, DG},
title = {Morphological and genomic responses to hurricanes arise and persist during a biological invasion.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {47},
pages = {e2517322122},
pmid = {41248293},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {DEB-1927194//NSF (NSF)/ ; DEB-1354897//NSF (NSF)/ ; Postdoctoral Fellowship//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)/ ; Postdoctoral Fellowship//Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship/ ; N/A//University of Rhode Island (URI)/ ; Barbour//Harvard | Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Cyclonic Storms ; *Lizards/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Introduced Species ; Genomics ; Southeastern United States ; Genome ; },
abstract = {Hurricanes can be a source of strong, episodic natural selection, especially for coastal and island populations. In Anolis lizards, selection favors morphological traits that enhance clinging performance under hurricane-force winds. However, we know little about the longer-term persistence of morphological and genomic responses to these pulse-like events. To address this limitation, we capitalized on the well-documented history of hurricanes and spread of the invasive brown anole lizard, Anolis sagrei, over the past 130 y in the southeastern United States. We used 30 sites with estimates of the number of hurricanes experienced since population establishment. We found that hurricane frequency is consistently related to morphological trait values that increase clinging performance-longer limbs and larger toepads. In contrast, traits with no known connection to clinging ability were not related to hurricane frequency. Our genomic results show that despite a complex genetic architecture for most traits, populations retain a signature of hurricane-mediated selection, with several loci being strongly associated with both hurricane frequency and longer limbs. Further, we found that hurricanes are a more persistent driver of among-population genomic differentiation than other environmental variables. These results solidify hurricanes as a major force shaping morphological and genomic variation in Anolis lizards. They also highlight how the evolutionary trajectories of populations will likely be altered as climate change modifies historical patterns of natural selection, such as those involving extreme weather events.},
}
@article {pmid41248239,
year = {2025},
author = {Cannon, SL and Helmus, MR},
title = {Honeydew and feeding-wound exudate from invasive spotted lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on invasive tree-of-heaven (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) subsidize North American pollinators, parasitoids, and other invertebrates.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1216-1230},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf110},
pmid = {41248239},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {2019-51181-30014//United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative Coordinated Agricultural/ ; 2022-68013-37139//United States Department of Agriculture Tactical Sciences for Agricultural Biosecurity/ ; C940000835//the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture under agreements/ ; C940001671//the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture under agreements/ ; //Department of Agriculture/ ; 2019-51181-30014//National Institute of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative Coordinated Agricultural/ ; 2022-68013-37139//Department of Agriculture Tactical Sciences for Agricultural Biosecurity/ ; C940000835//Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture/ ; C940001671//Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; Pennsylvania ; *Pollination ; Ailanthus ; *Food Chain ; Feeding Behavior ; },
abstract = {When sap-feeding insects invade ecosystems, they create novel resource subsidies by exposing previously unavailable resources to resident consumers. Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), is an invasive phloem-feeding planthopper native to Asia that has spread across multiple US states since its 2014 detection in Pennsylvania. It heavily feeds on tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, an invasive tree naturalized across the United States that previously lacked sap-feeders. During feeding, L. delicatula excretes honeydew and creates sap-exuding wounds, providing carbohydrate resources. Here, we document invertebrates consuming these subsidies in southeastern Pennsylvania from June to October 2021. At 43 sites sampled 3 times, we measured L. delicatula biomass via circle trunk traps and recorded 1,576 feeding observations through visual surveys. These observations were made up predominantly of Hymenoptera (78.0%) and Diptera (19.5%), with smaller proportions of Coleoptera (0.76%), Lepidoptera (0.44%), Hemiptera (0.44%), Orthoptera (0.38%), Opiliones (0.38%), and Stylommatophora (0.06%). Among Hymenoptera, we identified 33 species (29 native, 4 introduced) from 13 families, including key pollinators and parasitoids. The invasive wasp, Vespa crabro, was abundant and exhibited aggressive behaviors toward native consumers, including pollinators. Using redundancy analysis, we tested whether spatiotemporal variation in L. delicatula biomass explained the composition of honeydew-feeding Hymenoptera compared to other environmental factors. Lycorma delicatula biomass was the strongest predictor of Hymenoptera community composition, with temperature, landscape-scale impervious surface, and site-scale vegetation structure also contributing. The L. delicatula invasion has created novel resource subsidies for many invertebrates and altered temporal dynamics of Hymenoptera, with potential cascading effects on pollination and biocontrol ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid41248235,
year = {2025},
author = {Hoddle, MS and Hoddle, CD and Lewis, M and Mafra-Neto, A and Milosavljević, I},
title = {Phenology of Rhynchophorus palmarum and associated Phoenix canariensis mortality in Southern California.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1468-1479},
pmid = {41248235},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//California Department of Food and Agriculture's (CDFA)/ ; 17-0275-044-SC//South American palm weevil/ ; 17-0275-044-SC//California Department of Food and Agriculture's/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Weevils/physiology ; California ; Seasons ; *Phoeniceae/physiology ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {Rhynchophorus palmarum, an invasive palm pest in San Diego County California, has killed thousands of Phoenix canariensis. Over July 2016 to December 2022, this study tracked the population phenology of R. palmarum. Trapping data, derived from the capture of 8,262 weevils, of which 65% were female, indicated strong and predictable seasonal patterns in adult weevil activity, with trap captures increasing after March, peaking in July, before declining steadily towards December. Approximately 80% of weevils were trapped between April and October. This finding has important implications for the timing of management practices. Frond pruning should be done over November to March when weevil flight activity is low, and prophylactic insecticide applications should be made in March and June prior to increased weevil flight activity in April and July. Temperature and day length were strongly correlated with weevil capture rates, while precipitation, wind speed, and relative humidity were not. In urban areas over a 7-year survey period, August 2016 to August 2023, palm mortality rates, based on observations of 521 palms, indicated that 68% were killed. Drone surveys of 637 wilding P. canariensis in the Sweetwater Reserve exhibited a 73% rate of mortality over August 2016 to August 2023. Strong cardinal effects were observed for palm mortality in urban areas with west and east quadrants exhibiting higher rates of mortality in comparison to palms in north and south quadrants. In urban areas, weevil killed palms were removed on average, after 400 days, at an estimated average cost of $2,861 per palm.},
}
@article {pmid41245427,
year = {2025},
author = {Hedensjö, A and Strand, &#xc5; and Laugen, AT},
title = {Habitat Preferences at the Leading Edge of a Marine Bioinvasion.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {e72475},
pmid = {41245427},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {To enable the early detection and eradication of invasive species, it is crucial to predict habitats with an elevated risk of invasion. Despite the fact that invaders may display initial habitat preferences and niche shifts during range expansion, studies identifying habitat associations at invasion fronts are lacking, especially those considering abundance distributions. We developed a targeted Habitat Suitability Modeling approach to predict invasion risk, focusing on the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) invasion front on the Swedish southwest coast. We show that marinas act as environmental "hotspots" for pioneering non-native populations across broad spatial scales. The abundance observed in marinas (10.4 ind. m[-2]) was higher than that in both piers (3.3 ind. m[-2]) and natural rocky habitats (2.8 ind. m[-2]). In terms of invasion risk, marinas were predicted to promote seven times higher oyster abundance and 20 times higher oyster biomass per unit area than natural rocky habitats. While the availability of stable hard substrate influenced presence, shelter from waves influenced abundance, demonstrating the ecological distinction between species occurrence and abundance distributions with important management implications. Moreover, supporting recent genetic findings, our model reveals an unexpected low-salinity tolerance at the invasion front, suggesting that range expansion may rather be limited by a lack of stable substrate. Our study provides novel insights into the dynamics of marine bioinvasions at leading range edges and offers a practical tool to inform early detection and proactive management of marine invasions, especially in commonly invaded anthropogenically structured habitats such as marinas.},
}
@article {pmid41242943,
year = {2025},
author = {Beatty, MA and Brack, IV and Holt, RD and Valle, D and Fletcher, RJ},
title = {An invasive prey alters local and landscape contributions of sources and sinks for an endangered predator.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {11},
pages = {e70242},
pmid = {41242943},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {W912HZ-20-2-0033//U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/ ; 9500008729//South Florida Water Management District/ ; 13416//Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission/ ; 34941//St Johns River Water Management District/ ; //University of Florida Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Snails/physiology ; *Endangered Species ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; *Falconiformes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Time Factors ; Population Dynamics ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Source-sink dynamics are a cornerstone of theory for spatially structured populations. Despite long-standing interest, understanding temporal variation in source-sink dynamics in wild populations remains rare. Biological invasions have the potential to alter source-sink dynamics for native species, which may change over time as invasions proceed. We used 28 years of data on reproduction, movement, and survival to estimate annual source-sink dynamics across the entire range of the endangered Everglade snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) during the invasion of a novel prey species, the island apple snail (Pomacea maculata). Snail kite populations underwent striking changes in source-sink dynamics with time since invasion, and no population was consistently a source or sink over time. Some initial benefits of increased prey availability on snail kite demography were diminished in the long term. Populations invaded by P. maculata impacted uninvaded populations via changes in snail kite retention (i.e., lack of movement) and emigration across the metapopulation. Our findings illustrate how effects of biological invasions can change over time and may take decades to fully emerge, and they emphasize how an invasive species can have distant impacts on uninvaded populations via fluctuations in native species' local retention and emigration. In addition, our results demonstrate how fluctuating emigration and retention alter long-term interpretations of source-sink dynamics through variation in local versus landscape contributions of populations to the metapopulation, highlighting that the status of "source" or "sink" can be highly variable through time.},
}
@article {pmid41242883,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, D and Cai, AM and Wang, YJ and van Kleunen, M},
title = {Competitive superiority of aliens over natives under abiotic and biotic stresses in legume and nonlegume woody species.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {11},
pages = {e70252},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70252},
pmid = {41242883},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {32571778//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32171510//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31770449//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Fabaceae/physiology ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Resource utilization is considered a crucial determinant of alien plant species in terrestrial ecosystems under abiotic and biotic conditions of global change. Alien plants are often favored over natives in stress-free or resource-rich ecosystems. However, certain resource-poor ecosystems have also been heavily invaded, particularly by legume woody species. How alien and native woody species compete in various abiotic and biotic stress environments and whether the functional traits associated with resource utilization promote their performance remain unknown. To test this, we grew six naturalized alien and six native woody species, grouped into three pairs of legumes and three pairs of nonlegumes, individually or in competition, under benign and two abiotic stress (drought, limited nutrients) and two biotic stress (aboveground enemies, belowground enemies) conditions. Overall, the four stress conditions had more negative effects on native plants than on alien ones, especially for nonlegumes under abiotic stresses. Moreover, when grown in competition, the presence of stress increased the growth asymmetry between alien and native plants in favor of the alien plants, but this was less pronounced in the legume group than in the non-legume group. Our study suggests that alien woody plants may have a competitive advantage over native ones under diverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions, but that this depends on their nitrogen-fixing ability. This is likely to affect the coexistence of alien and native woody species and may facilitate the spread of alien plants into stressful habitats.},
}
@article {pmid41242209,
year = {2025},
author = {Gaglio, M and Gavioli, A and Turolla, E and Lanzoni, M and Castaldelli, G},
title = {The costs of an invasion: How the blue crab impaired ecosystem services in the most productive lagoon of northwestern Adriatic.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1007},
number = {},
pages = {180952},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180952},
pmid = {41242209},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species/economics ; *Brachyura/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Italy ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Fisheries/economics ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {The introduction of non-native species can disrupt ecological processes and impair ecosystem services, particularly in intensively exploited systems such as coastal lagoons. The Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) has recently expanded rapidly in the northern Adriatic, raising ecological and economic concerns. This study documents and evaluates its impact on provisioning services in the Sacca di Goro lagoon (Po Delta, Northern Italy), the most productive site for Manila clam in Europe. Net revenues from the emerging blue crab supply chain were also assessed by accounting for sales and disposal costs. Crab abundance showed no association with environmental variables. By contrast, a statistically significant negative relationship was detected with Manila clam production, which declined by 71.8 %, corresponding to annual losses of about €65 million. Small-scale fisheries also recorded reduced catches of native and commercially valuable species, with estimated losses of €0.18 million yr[-1]. Revenues from the blue crab supply chain were positive in 2023 (+€0.41 million yr[-1]) but turned negative in 2024 (-€0.71 million yr[-1]) due to disposal costs and falling market prices. Thus, to date, not only are the revenues from blue crab sales negligible, but they are also outweighed by the high costs of disposal. This case shows how invasive species can simultaneously erode biodiversity and ecosystem services while failing to provide viable alternatives. It provides quantitative evidence of aquatic invasion costs and highlights the importance of integrating such assessments into ecosystem-based management and policy.},
}
@article {pmid41240974,
year = {2026},
author = {Mandák, B and Habibi, F and Čortan, D and Belyayev, A and Jarvis, DE and Jellen, EN and Maughan, PJ and Mosyakin, SL and Uotila, P and Krak, K},
title = {Multiple origins, singular success: genomic evidence for past recurrent hybridization in Chenopodium album s. str. (Amaranthaceae).},
journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
volume = {215},
number = {},
pages = {108500},
doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108500},
pmid = {41240974},
issn = {1095-9513},
mesh = {*Hybridization, Genetic ; Polyploidy ; *Genome, Plant ; Phylogeny ; *Chenopodium album/genetics/classification ; Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {Polyploidy, particularly allopolyploidy resulting from interspecific hybridization followed by chromosome duplication, plays a key role in plant diversification and ecological success. Chenopodium album s. str. is one of the world's most widespread and morphologically variable weeds, yet the timing and mechanism of its origin as an allohexaploid (2n = 6x = 54) remained unresolved. Using RADseq data, this study investigated the origin of 'BBCCDD' allohexaploid C. album s. str. and closely related hexaploid taxa by analyzing their relationship to putative diploid progenitors with the 'BB' genome (C. ficifolium, C. suecicum, C. ucrainicum) and tetraploid species with the 'CCDD' subgenomic combination (C. betaceum, C. glaucophyllum, C. novopokrovskyanum, C. striatiforme). The genomic sequences were mapped to the chromosome-scale reference genome of C. formosanum, a closely related allohexaploid. Results reveal that C. album s. str. does not genetically align with contemporary diploid or tetraploid taxa, suggesting its origin from extinct ancestors rather than ongoing hybridization. Both its 'BB' and 'CCDD' subgenomes show higher or comparable number of genetic lineages, respectively, than its extant di- and tetraploid relatives, implying conservation of ancestral variation in the allohexaploid. Furthermore, 16 distinct subgenomic combinations were identified within C. album s. str., confirming its polytopic and repeated origin across geographic regions. This explains the remarkable morphological and ecological plasticity observed across its range. This research underscores C. album s. str. as an ancient, stabilized, and globally invasive polyploid, shaped by multiple hybridization events and fixed heterozygosity, offering parallels with other polyploid species such as Triticum/Aegilops complex.},
}
@article {pmid41240768,
year = {2026},
author = {Batista, D and Mizrahi, D and Calado, L and Vallim, B and Calazans, S and Batista, MA and Araújo, F and Domingos, R and Coutinho, R},
title = {Record of orange cup coral Tubastraea coccinea Lesson, 1830 and other non-indigenous species transported by an offshore supply vessel in Brazil (SW Atlantic).},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {118970},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118970},
pmid = {41240768},
issn = {1879-3363},
}
@article {pmid41240635,
year = {2025},
author = {Meng, C and Lei, C and Li, X and Sheng, H and Wu, G and Liu, J and Zhou, SY},
title = {Soil organic carbon decline under bamboo invasion: The role of microbial carbon cycling.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {395},
number = {},
pages = {127999},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127999},
pmid = {41240635},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Soil/chemistry ; *Carbon Cycle ; *Carbon ; *Soil Microbiology ; Poaceae ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Bacteria ; },
abstract = {Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) invasion has increasingly threatened forest ecosystem stability by altering soil carbon cycling processes. However, the microbial mechanisms underlying the changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) during bamboo invasion remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of bamboo invasion on microbial diversity, functions, and SOC content by collecting soil samples across a gradient of 0 %, 50 %, and 100 % bamboo invasion. The results showed that complete bamboo invasion significantly reduced bacterial α-diversity (P < 0.05) and promoted stochastic processes in shaping microbial communities, whereas fungal communities were more influenced by deterministic processes. Furthermore, bamboo invasion decreased the stability of bacterial interaction networks and significantly reduced SOC content (P < 0.05). To further validate this trend, we conducted a meta-analysis of 37 studies and 105 observations, which consistently indicated that bamboo invasion significantly reduced SOC. Our findings provide new insights, showing that the reduction in SOC is closely associated with a decrease in the abundance of microbial carbon cycling genes, suggesting that changes in these functional genes may be a key driver of SOC decline. These findings underscore the profound impact of bamboo invasion, which not only alters soil properties but also impedes microbial metabolism and carbon storage. The study highlights the urgent need to address plant invasions to preserve microbial ecosystem functions, which are crucial for maintaining global carbon cycles and ecosystem resilience.},
}
@article {pmid41240348,
year = {2026},
author = {Gil-Vives, L and Compa, M and Sureda, A and Pinya, S},
title = {Impacts of the Invasive Moth Cydalima perspectalis on the Native Shrub Buxus balearica in Mallorca (Spain).},
journal = {Chemistry &amp; biodiversity},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {e02516},
doi = {10.1002/cbdv.202502516},
pmid = {41240348},
issn = {1612-1880},
mesh = {Animals ; *Moths/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Spain ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Glutathione/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) is an invasive lepidopteran that has rapidly spread across Europe, causing severe defoliation of the Buxus species. In the Balearic Islands, the endemic Buxus balearica is vulnerable due to its restricted distribution and protected status. This study assessed the physiological response of B. balearica to C. perspectalis herbivory by measuring oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defenses. Leaf samples were collected in Mallorca from unaffected plants, mildly defoliated individuals (<25% leaf area loss), and severely defoliated individuals (>70%). Biochemical assays revealed that mildly affected plants exhibited an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and total glutathione (tGSH), indicating a compensatory antioxidant response. Conversely, severely defoliated plants showed marked declines in SOD, GPx, and tGSH, accompanied by elevated malondialdehyde concentrations and reduced polyphenol content, reflecting lipid peroxidation and metabolic exhaustion. A field survey conducted in May 2025 confirmed that all adult B. balearica specimens were dead, with only juvenile shoots under 1 m surviving. These findings demonstrate that while B. balearica can initially mount biochemical defenses against C. perspectalis, but continuous herbivory overwhelms its capacity. Urgent monitoring and control strategies are necessary to protect this species, especially in vulnerable habitats.},
}
@article {pmid41240069,
year = {2025},
author = {Cambronero-Heinrichs, JC and Pepori, AL and Pecori, F and Santoiemma, G and Cavaletto, G and Santini, A and Rassati, D},
title = {Microbial Interactions Support the Role of Ambrosia Beetles as Potential Vectors of Dutch Elm Disease.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {88},
number = {1},
pages = {124},
pmid = {41240069},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, project: "Ulmus glabra protection in Italian peninsula - MONTANA", CUP:C53D23003510006//European Union - NextGenerationEU/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Ulmus/microbiology/parasitology ; Symbiosis ; *Coleoptera/microbiology ; *Microbial Interactions ; Female ; *Insect Vectors/microbiology ; Ophiostoma/physiology ; *Weevils/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Dutch elm disease (DED) has caused devastating pandemics in natural elm populations across Europe, North America, and Asia. The primary vectors of DED are native elm-associated bark beetles of the genus Scolytus. However, there is evidence suggesting that ambrosia beetles may also carry Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and potentially transmit it to elm trees. In this study, we explored microbial interactions and host selection mechanisms that could support the role of ambrosia beetles as vectors of O. novo-ulmi. Our study showed that females of Anisandrus dispar, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus emerging from both DED-infected and healthy elm logs carried O. novo-ulmi DNA. Furthermore, we showed that none of the tested ambrosia beetle fungal symbionts was adversely affected by O. novo-ulmi, while Dryadomyces spp. and the bacterial symbiont Erwinia sp. 1C4 partially restricted or inhibited O. novo-ulmi growth without fully suppressing it. Overall, these findings provide additional evidence supporting the potential role of ambrosia beetles as vectors of DED and emphasize the need for further research on this understudied insect-pathogen relationship.},
}
@article {pmid41239093,
year = {2025},
author = {Fong, PP and Nieman, MP},
title = {Warmer temperatures increase egg laying and egg hatching frequency in the invasive freshwater snail Physa gyrina from Pennsylvania, USA.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {32},
number = {46},
pages = {26230-26239},
pmid = {41239093},
issn = {1614-7499},
mesh = {Animals ; *Snails/physiology ; Climate Change ; Introduced Species ; Temperature ; Pennsylvania ; Fresh Water ; Oviposition ; Reproduction ; Female ; Fluoxetine ; Ovum ; },
abstract = {Climate change continues to impact populations of organisms and to affect physiological adaptations to their environments. Freshwater snails have been so impacted globally, not only by climate change, but by the concomitant exposure to environmental pollutants like human antidepressants released from wastewater treatment plants. To test the effect of climate change and antidepressants, we exposed the freshwater snail, Physa gyrina to three temperatures (12 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C) and to a concentration of the antidepressant fluoxetine, known to modulate snail behavior, and measured time to egg laying and egg hatching. Snails exposed to 20 °C and 25 °C laid significantly more egg masses sooner than snails at 12 °C. Embryos hatched from egg masses significantly sooner at the two warmer temperatures than those at 12 °C. Exposure to fluoxetine had only a minor effect on the timing of egg laying and no effect on the timing of egg hatching. Our findings suggest that warmer temperatures may be more important in modulating reproduction in P. gyrina than fluoxdetine fluoxetine. Since this species is invasive in Europe, we discuss our results in terms of the possible consequences of climate change on the potential geographical spread of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41237621,
year = {2025},
author = {Gallitelli, L and Marcellucci, C and Iberite, M and Scalici, M},
title = {Spatiotemporal patterns of plastic entrapment by the invasive water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes Mart.) in temperate South European Rivers.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1006},
number = {},
pages = {180945},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180945},
pmid = {41237621},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Rivers/chemistry ; *Plastics/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Italy ; Animals ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; },
abstract = {The water hyacinth Pontederia crassipes Mart., native to Brazilian watercourses, has become among the most widespread and risky alien species globally. Introduced in Europe and Italy as an ornamental species, it has many detrimental effects on native biota and ecosystem functioning. However, it can filter water from contaminants, organic pollution and plastics. In central Italy, P. crassipes was first recorded in the Lazio region's Pontine plains in 1983. Given the neglect of the dispersal path, we (1) investigated the distribution along rivers in central Italy and (2) assessed plastic entrapment in small temperate rivers. Specifically, we compared recent field observations with historical records to evaluate trends in both species presence and associated macrolitter accumulation. Our findings reveal that P. crassipes spread in the Amaseno, Sisto, and Ufente rivers in agricultural land use, with historical invasions of P. crassipes in the Pontine area covering up to 20,000 m[2]. Recent surveys identified two new records totaling 67.2 m[2] in small canal. Plastic entrapment ranged between 0.0 items/m[2] and 2.2 items/m[2]. Precisely, the maximum plastic entrapment was found in "The small canal" (max: 2.2 items/m[2]) and in a canal in the Ufente river (max: 1.7 items/m[2]). Among polymers, PET was the dominant polymer (55.1 %), followed by EPS/PS and PO soft items (21.3 % and 16.9 %, respectively). Over the years, macrolitter density was highest in 2005 and 2024 (i.e., 1.7 and 2.2 items/m[2], respectively). These results might be pivotal to understanding future actions on species eradication as well as on clean-up activities using this alien species.},
}
@article {pmid41237451,
year = {2026},
author = {El Madany, M and Florido, M and Hassoun, M and El Aamri, F and El Mtili, N},
title = {Massive strandings and local perception highlight the extent of Rugulopteryx okamurae invasion on the Moroccan coast.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {107690},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107690},
pmid = {41237451},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Morocco ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Since its arrival on the Moroccan coast in 2017, no formal risk assessment has addressed the ecological and socio-economic impacts of the invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae, despite clear evidence of its threat to coastal habitats in the Strait of Gibraltar. This study provides updated insights of the invasion in northern Morocco, contributing to a better understanding of its expansion in the southern Mediterranean. Field surveys conducted between 2019 and 2022 documented widespread strandings of R. okamurae from Al Hoceima to Larache, with peak accumulations in M'diq (358 t FW, 2019) and Asilah (242 t FW, 2021). Interviews with local fishers revealed tangible socio-economic impacts, particularly in M'diq, where 91 % reported income losses related to the presence of the alga. Environmental data suggest that sustained sea surface temperatures, rarely below 15 °C and peaking at 26.9 °C, may have facilitated its proliferation. By highlighting both the ecological footprint and economic consequences of the invasion, this study provides essential baseline data to support future monitoring, risk assessments, and targeted management strategies in the region.},
}
@article {pmid41237115,
year = {2026},
author = {Saberi, H and Yousefi, AR and Pouryousef, M and Tokasi, S and Birbaneh, JA and Iriti, M},
title = {Chemical Characterization and Allelopathic Effects of Ambrosia psilostachya (Asteraceae).},
journal = {Chemistry &amp; biodiversity},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {e02443},
pmid = {41237115},
issn = {1612-1880},
mesh = {*Oils, Volatile/chemistry/pharmacology/isolation &amp; purification ; *Allelopathy ; *Ambrosia/chemistry ; Phaseolus/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Arachis/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; },
abstract = {Ambrosia spp. have been introduced and distributed across different continents as an invasive alien plant species. The present study aimed to identify the chemical components of essential oil isolated from different parts of Ambrosia psilostachya and evaluate the phytotoxic effect of its aqueous extracts on the growth parameters of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean) and Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) under greenhouse conditions. The chemical components of the essential oil of A. psilostachya were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total 44 compounds, including isoaromadendrene epoxide (17.38 %), citral (15.13 %), caryophyllene (7.23 %), borneol (8.76%), (+)-2-bornanone (6.45 %), eucalyptol (4.61 %), and 22 compounds including endo-borneol (22.76%), (+)-2-bornanone (8.08%), caryophyllene oxide (7.77%), citral (14.65%), cis-verbenol (4.43%), and eucalyptol (4.72%) as the major components were identified and isolated in the shoots and roots, respectively. To evaluate the allelopathic effect of A. psilostachya on bean and peanut seedlings, the aqueous extracts were prepared at four concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The extracts at the concentrations of 50% or higher had a significant inhibitory effect on yield, dry weight, height, and LAI in both species. The inhibitory activity of A. psilostachya may be attributed to its high content of isoaromadendrene epoxide, citral, caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide. This study highlights that the allelopathy effects of A. psilostachya are due to the action of its compounds, which should be analyzed in future studies, and an accurate evaluation of the allelopathy effects of this invasive plant requires comprehensive, long-term studies in the environment.},
}
@article {pmid41234787,
year = {2025},
author = {Shine, R and Ward-Fear, G and Jolly, CJ and Shine, T and Païta, A and Funk, A},
title = {Arid habitats intensify sexual conflict in invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina).},
journal = {Royal Society open science},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {251341},
pmid = {41234787},
issn = {2054-5703},
abstract = {Amplexus by male cane toads (Rhinella marina) impairs a female's mobility and may impose a risk of drowning. Near the arid-zone edge of the toads' Australian invasion, artificial ponds provide the only permanent open water. Cane toads must access water to hydrate every few nights, creating a potential for sexual conflict. Our field-based experiments show that a female toad that approaches one of these steep-sided dams encounters numerous reproductively active males, most of which are facing the shore. When amplexed by these males, she may find herself in deep water even close to the shore and is vulnerable to drowning. In trials with tethered females, toads amplexed in deep water could not hold their heads above the water's surface. Demographic effects of this sexual conflict are evident from population surveys: toad populations around dams are strongly male-biased whereas females are concentrated at mesic refuges around buildings that provide less dangerous conditions. Even around the same dam, female toads are often found on land whereas most males are found in the water. If sexual conflict around scarce waterbodies is lethal for female toads, we might reduce recruitment by allowing dense populations of male toads to persist.},
}
@article {pmid41230595,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, K and Kachiprath, B and Yeo, IC and Shim, KY and Kwak, IS and Jeong, CB},
title = {Environmental DNA-based RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for on-site detection of chironomid larvae in aquatic environments.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {3},
pages = {2458-2467},
pmid = {41230595},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Incheon National University Research Grant in 2021 (No. 2021-0447)/ ; },
mesh = {*Chironomidae/growth &amp; development/genetics ; Animals ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; Larva/growth &amp; development/genetics ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Freshwater chironomid midges pose a significant threat to drinking water quality and freshwater ecosystems in South Korea by disrupting ecological balance and causing biofouling in drinking water treatment systems. To enable rapid detection and provide early warnings of chironomid presence, we developed a highly sensitive and accurate diagnostic assay based on environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. This method integrates recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated cleavage, and visualization through either fluorescence-based detection or a lateral flow assay (LFA).<br><br>RESULTS: The RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assays demonstrated remarkable specificity for chironomid eDNA, as confirmed through field surveys and microscopic observations. Although both fluorescence-based and LFA-based RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assays exhibited comparable detection limits of 10 copies/&#x3bc;L, the LFA method proved more convenient for on-site applications due to its ease of deployment in the field.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our eDNA-based RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay addresses the limitations of traditional biomonitoring by requiring only a small sampling volume, thereby minimizing habitat disturbance, while offering much higher sensitivity. This assay represents a valuable tool for on-site detection of invasive species and for monitoring environmental and public health threats (e.g., chironomids). &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41229699,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Wu, Q and Li, S and Jin, H and Zhang, Z and Lu, W and Liu, F and Wang, G and Li, L},
title = {Environmental DNA Based Assessment of Fish Diversity in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibetan Plateau.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {e72496},
pmid = {41229699},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Biodiversity is under unprecedented threat globally, with ecosystems vulnerable to climate change and detrimental anthropogenic impacts. Accurate assessments of biodiversity are essential to the development of effective conservation strategies. We investigated the fish diversity of the Yarlung Zangbo River of the Tibetan Plateau using environmental DNA (eDNA) technology. Water samples collected from 18 sampling sites revealed 18 fish species, including six unique to Tibet and one on China's list of State Key Protected Wild Animals, Oxygymnocypris stewartii. Schizopygopsis younghusbandi is widely distributed, with stable populations in all sampling sites. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses showed fish community composition to vary with elevation, although the data did not reach significance. Spearman correlation analyses revealed significant associations of fish species with environmental factors including flow velocity, water temperature, conductivity, and total dissolved solids. Eight exotic fish species were detected, highlighting the potential threat posed by non-native species to the river fish diversity. This study confirms the efficacy of eDNA technology in assessing aquatic biodiversity and its broad applicability as a versatile tool for fish conservation and management, across diverse aquatic ecosystems. In contrast to traditional methods, eDNA offers a non-invasive, simpler, and more efficient approach for detecting a broad range of species, including those that are rare or difficult to capture. The findings emphasize the need for future research to integrate traditional survey methods and eDNA technology to comprehensively assess ecosystem biodiversity and develop targeted conservation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41229236,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, KK and Eyer, PA and Helms, AM and Puckett, RT and Vargo, EL},
title = {Colony and population genetic structure of the newly invasive white-footed ant (Technomyrmex difficilis) in the United States.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {1954-1968},
pmid = {41229236},
issn = {1744-7917},
mesh = {*Ants/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Florida ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Texas ; Phylogeny ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {The invasive white-footed ant Technomyrmex difficilis has emerged as a rising pest in several regions, yet its invasion dynamics remain underexplored. This species outcompetes native ants and causes agricultural losses by tending pest insects, including aphids and mealybugs. This study provides the first integrated analysis of the species' behavioral, chemical, and genetic variation across Texas and Florida populations. Observations suggest that the recently discovered Texas population of white-footed ants originated from Florida. Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed low genetic diversity in both populations, with a shared haplotype consistent with the Texas population originating from Florida. STRUCTURE analysis further supported genetic clustering between the two regions. Despite similar within-colony coefficients of relatedness for workers, the populations differed in reproductive strategy: Florida colonies showed signs of inbreeding and high inter-colony aggression, whereas Texas colonies exhibited potential localized outbreeding, low aggression, and more uniform cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Aggression was positively correlated with chemical divergence but not with genetic differentiation. This study establishes a foundational understanding and highlights the importance of integrating multiple types of data to understand the invasion biology of Technomyrmex difficilis.},
}
@article {pmid41227512,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, H and Zhou, J and Wu, W and Xu, C and Ji, Y},
title = {EyeInvaS: Lowering Barriers to Public Participation in Invasive Alien Species Monitoring Through Deep Learning.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {21},
pages = {},
pmid = {41227512},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {32470441//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species (IASs) pose escalating threats to global ecosystems, biodiversity, and human well-being. Public participation in IAS monitoring is often limited by taxonomic expertise gaps. To address this, we established a multi-taxa image dataset covering 54 key IAS in China, benchmarked nine deep learning models, and quantified impacts of varying scenarios and target scales. EfficientNetV2 achieved superior accuracy, with F1-scores of 83.66% (original dataset) and 93.32% (hybrid dataset). Recognition accuracy peaked when targets occupied 60% of the frame against simple backgrounds. Leveraging these findings, we developed EyeInvaS, an AI-powered system integrating image acquisition, recognition, geotagging, and data sharing to democratize IAS surveillance. Crucially, in a large-scale public deployment in Huai'an, China, 1683 user submissions via EyeInvaS enabled mapping of Solidago canadensis, revealing strong associations with riverbanks and roads. Our results validate the feasibility of deep learning in empowering citizens in IAS surveillance and biodiversity governance.},
}
@article {pmid41225856,
year = {2025},
author = {Di Gristina, E and Pardi, R and Cirlincione, F and Venturella, G and Gargano, ML},
title = {Ornamental Vascular Plant Diversity in Basilicata (Southern Italy).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {21},
pages = {},
pmid = {41225856},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {B73C22000790001//l Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.4-Call for tender Number 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree n. 3175 of 18 December 2021 of the Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union-/ ; },
abstract = {This investigation focuses on urban ornamental greenery, a field of research that is still relatively unexplored in Italy but is becoming increasingly important both from a botanical point of view and in relation to sustainable land management and planning. A checklist of the ornamental vascular flora of Basilicata (Southern Italy) is reported here. A total of 281 taxa were recorded, including trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and succulents cultivated in parks, gardens, and street trees. Such taxa (including 265 species s. str., 6 varieties, 5 subspecies, and 11 forms) belong to 201 genera, included in 94 families, among which the most represented are Rosaceae, Oleaceae, Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, and Fabaceae. Phanerophytes represent the dominant growth form, and the chorological spectrum is composed mainly of Asian and American taxa. Taxa from subtropical and tropical biomes also showed a significant presence. This study highlighted the clear prevalence in the Basilicata ornamental flora of alien taxa (approximately 80%, of which 21% are naturalized aliens) compared to native ones, which is a phenomenon that is unfortunately widespread and observed worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid41225223,
year = {2025},
author = {You, K and Liu, E and Cheng, D},
title = {Health assessment of river ecosystem in the lower Jinsha River Basin using an improved comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {12},
pages = {1330},
pmid = {41225223},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Rivers/chemistry ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Fuzzy Logic ; China ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {To comprehensively evaluate the ecosystem health of eight major tributaries in the lower Jinsha River, an evaluation framework was established, incorporating five sub-criteria-morphological structural integrity, hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, biological integrity, and regional service sustainability-encompassing 16 indicators. A multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the entropy weight method, and the maximum membership principle, was employed in the Yibin section of the lower Jinsha River. This approach accommodates the inherent fuzziness and uncertainty in indicator classification, thereby avoiding biases introduced by rigid classification thresholds. The basin's overall health was classified as healthy, with a mean River Health Index of 80.73 (SD = 2.91). However, significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity was observed: morphological structural integrity scored relatively low (mean = 69.98, SD = 9.27), whereas chemical integrity was notably high (mean = 91.50, SD = 5.32). Uncertainty analysis supported the robustness of the overall assessment (95% CI: 78.28-83.18), though considerable variability was detected among certain sub-criteria, reflecting spatial disparities in anthropogenic pressures and biodiversity. Further analysis identified impaired river connectivity, agricultural non-point source pollution, and invasive species as the principal drivers of ecosystem health. In response, the following management strategies are proposed: implementation of sewage diversion and interception projects to mitigate point and non-point source pollution, development of a dynamic water-quality monitoring and early-warning system, and application of bioremediation technologies to enhance channel self-purification capacity and ecological functioning.},
}
@article {pmid41225081,
year = {2025},
author = {Shaltout, SK and Hatab, EE and El-Khalafy, MM and Al-Sodany, YM and Keshta, AE},
title = {Assessment taxonomy and pathways of alien plant species in Egyptian protected areas.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {39577},
pmid = {41225081},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Egypt ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity ; *Plants/classification ; Ecosystem ; Wetlands ; },
abstract = {Invasive species are a real threat to biodiversity worldwide, and Egypt is no exception for that threat. In Egypt, there is thirty protected areas, representing most of the ecological important areas in Egypt, is declared and managed by the Nature Conservation Sector Agency, Egypt, with an approximate area of 142,664 km[2] (representing 14.3 % of Egypt's country area). Until 2012, the declared protectorates include the following four groups: 7 marines, 7 wetlands, 10 deserts and 6 geological protectorates. The goals of the present study were: 1) creating an inventory of alien species in the Egyptian protected areas, 2) assessing the protection effect on the spread of invasive species in different protected areas, and 3) assessing the pathway of alien species into the protected areas and how to control them. This study was conducted by reviewing current and available literature, field trips, and herbaria consultation. Our results indicated that Lake Burullus has the highest number of alien species (27= 13.7%), while Abu-Galum has the lowest (2= 1.2%). On the other hand, some protected areas (e.g. Nabq, Wadi Degla, White Desert, El-Gilf El-Kebir) have no alien species. This indicates that some protected areas are experiencing high levels of protection, and their locations are less affected by human activities. Three non-native invasive species (Azolla filiculoides, Bassia indica, and Eichhornia crassipes) are threating the ecosystem of Ashtum El-Gamil, Wadi El-Rayan and Lake Burullus Qaroun. On the other hand, however, Ziziphus spina-christi was recorded in seven protected areas as sand controllers and has medicinal and grazing benefits. Among the three different categories of the alien species, the naturalized species group has the highes According to the national strategy for biodiversity in Egypt - For a sustainable Future 2030 (CBD 2020) this study provides a comprehensive assessment of alien species dynamics in the ecosystem of Egyptian protected area.},
}
@article {pmid41224889,
year = {2025},
author = {Aktar, MS and Yue, Y and Bani-Yaghoub, M and Ou, C and Ali, MA},
title = {Understanding the impacts of extreme weather on biological control through traveling wave analysis of a prey-predator model.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {39606},
pmid = {41224889},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2325267//national science foundation/ ; 2325267//national science foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Predatory Behavior ; Introduced Species ; *Extreme Weather ; *Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Food Chain ; Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; Weather ; },
abstract = {This study investigates the effects of extreme weather events on the efficacy of biological control of invasive species using a prey-predator reaction-diffusion model with the Allee effect. The model incorporates weather and environmental factors that affect species mortality, growth, and interaction rates. We first derive exact traveling wave solutions of the reduced model using the generalized exponential rational function method. The stability of the wave solutions is then numerically confirmed by demonstrating that the model solutions, perturbed by various levels of noise in the initial condition, converge to the traveling wave solutions. This suggests that extreme weather events that only impact the initial population sizes have only transient effects and do not change the fate of the species. Nevertheless, asymptotic analysis of the full model reveals conditions for the existence of bistable traveling wave solutions. This implies that extreme weather events may lead to predator extinction and the subsequent establishment of prey in a spatial domain. Hence, extreme weather events may lead to failure of biological control efforts and the persistence of invasive species. In addition, we establish conditions under which extreme weather events drive both prey and predator populations to extinction, which would be an ideal outcome for biological control of invasive species. This study highlights the importance of refining widely accepted ecological models to enhance the forecasting of ecological outcomes under extreme weather events.},
}
@article {pmid41223844,
year = {2025},
author = {Hlina, BL and Robinson, RL and Bloomfield, EJ and Metcalfe, BW and Johnson, TB},
title = {Monthly differences in the movement ecology of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in eastern Lake Ontario.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70269},
pmid = {41223844},
issn = {1095-8649},
abstract = {Lake whitefish are a cold-water species that holds cultural and economic importance throughout the Great Lakes region. Anthropogenic stressors over the last 60 years (e.g., invasive species, habitat degradation, and pollution) have caused significant declines in their populations. Furthermore, there is limited knowledge on the spatial ecology and habitat use of the species in Lake Ontario. Therefore, we used acoustic telemetry to quantify horizontal and vertical habitat use by lake whitefish over a 3-year period (2021-2024) in Lake Ontario. We also evaluated seasonal changes in bottom-oriented versus suspended behaviours. Lake whitefish were heavily concentrated along the central Duck-Galloo Ridge and in 20-30 m during periods of stratification (June to September), while their distribution shifted to the south shore of Prince Edward County and 10-25 m during isothermal conditions (non-stratified; October to May) and for spawning. During the isothermal period, lake whitefish exhibited a predominantly bottom-oriented behaviour; during stratification, they exhibited both suspended and bottom-oriented behaviours. These differences in vertical and horizontal distribution may be driven by changes in thermal habitats and/or prey; however, further exploration is needed. Ongoing ecological change may influence lake whitefish distribution and behaviours, necessitating changes to monitoring and/or management that accounts for observed behaviours.},
}
@article {pmid41223718,
year = {2025},
author = {Foley, J and Rubino, F and Kam, D and Lozano, K},
title = {Assessing the potential risk of lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, establishment in California.},
journal = {Ticks and tick-borne diseases},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {102566},
doi = {10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102566},
pmid = {41223718},
issn = {1877-9603},
mesh = {Animals ; California/epidemiology ; *Amblyomma/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Female ; Male ; *Tick Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary/parasitology ; Nymph/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Animal Distribution ; Risk Assessment ; Larva/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Ixodidae/physiology ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The lone star tick (LST), Amblyomma americanum, is an aggressive human biter and important vector of the causative agents of tick-borne diseases. As geographic ranges of multiple Amblyomma species rapidly expand due to habitat changes and human and other animal movement patterns, there are concerns for establishment of LST in US states with suitable climates, such as California, especially given a dearth in gaps in tick surveillance. Importantly, previous niche modeling confirmed habitat in California along the length of the coast and coast range mountains. We sought data on LSTs and LST risk from 30 different entities including companies that identify and test ticks, natural history and entomology museums and collections, experts, and large databases. These queries and published records yielded records of 76 LSTs from California as well as two Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato, one Amblyomma sabanerae, one Amblyomma maculatum, and five Amblyomma dissimile. Among LSTs, there were 18 adult females, ten males, 13 adults for which sex was not recorded, 22 nymphs, two larvae, and 11 with no stage data. LSTs were recorded only during late spring through late summer, with all three feeding stages superimposed temporally. Active surveillance was conducted at nine sites considered high-risk due to earlier records of LSTs or high probability of establishment on niche modeling, using tick flagging, monitoring ovine and cervid hosts, and circulating a flier; no LSTs were recovered in this activity. We assessed risk for establishment of LSTs in California using invasion theory, prior niche modeling, literature review of ecological constraints on LSTs within their current range, data acquired in retrospective and prospective segments of this study, and expert consultation. Elevated risk is expected particularly along coastal California. Although some of these ticks likely were transported from out of state endemic regions, the findings of 76 LSTs, including all three feeding stages, in multiple counties raises concern that establishment in the future could occur in California.},
}
@article {pmid41221250,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, J and Kim, S and Kwon, S and Lee, J and Shin, S},
title = {Development and Application of a Species-Specific eDNA-Based qPCR Assay for Early Detection of the Invasive Ascidian Ascidiella aspersa.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {e72453},
pmid = {41221250},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The solitary ascidian Ascidiella aspersa is an emerging invasive species in coastal ecosystems worldwide, including Korean waters. We developed and validated a species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting the mitochondrial COI gene, showing high specificity against 128 non-target taxa and robust performance (Efficiency = 110.1%, R [2] = 0.9962, LOD = 12 copies/reaction, LOQ = 598 copies/reaction). The assay was applied to over 300 environmental DNA (eDNA) samples collected across 18 harbors between 2019 and 2021, and to an additional survey in 2022 that targeted four representative harbors (Bieung, Tongyeong, Yangpo, and Jeju) selected from the East, West, South, and Jeju Seas. Seasonal detection patterns showed peak DNA concentrations during summer, coinciding with the reproductive season of A. aspersa. Geographic analysis revealed a broader distribution than previously recorded, including new detections in Jeju Island and eastern ports. These findings highlight the assay's utility for early detection, risk assessment, and surveillance of A. aspersa, supporting its integration into national biosecurity frameworks. This study demonstrates the power of eDNA-based diagnostics for managing marine invasive species through scalable and non-invasive monitoring strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41220021,
year = {2025},
author = {Garrido, M and Parra, P and Veiga, J and Garrigós, M and Panisse, G and Martínez-de la Puente, J},
title = {Mosquitoes and the city: effects of urbanization on Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens captures in southern Spain.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {456},
pmid = {41220021},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {PREP2023-001571//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; PRE2021-098544I//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; CNS2022-135993//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; FJC2021-048057-I//Ministerio de Universidades/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/parasitology/physiology ; *Culex/parasitology/physiology ; *Urbanization ; Spain ; Seasons ; *Mosquito Vectors/parasitology/physiology ; Cities ; Female ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Urbanization and land-use changes profoundly affect mosquito ecology, potentially altering species' abundance, seasonal dynamics, and pathogen transmission risk. The invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus has rapidly expanded from Southeast Asia to temperate regions worldwide, including Europe, where it now coexists with native species such as Culex pipiens. Both are competent vectors of zoonotic pathogens and may respond differently to urban environmental gradients.<br><br>METHODS: We assessed the impact of urbanization on mosquito populations by comparing the abundance and seasonality of Ae.&#xa0;albopictus and Cx.&#xa0;pipiens in urban and periurban areas of Granada, southern Spain, over two consecutive years (2023-2024). A total of 19 mosquito trapping sessions were conducted using BG-Sentinel traps baited with CO2 and BG-Lure, covering the main seasonal activity period. Additionally, 260 mosquito pools were screened for Dirofilaria spp. DNA using PCR.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 450 Ae.&#xa0;albopictus and 641 Cx.&#xa0;pipiens females were captured. Ae.&#xa0;albopictus showed a unimodal seasonal pattern, peaking from late July to late August, with a more pronounced increase in urban sites. Cx.&#xa0;pipiens was more abundant in periurban areas, especially during its late July peak. Generalized linear mixed models revealed significant interactions between habitat and year for Cx.&#xa0;pipiens: abundance declined in periurban habitats from 2023 to 2024 but remained stable in urban areas. Seasonal peaks were also more extended in periurban sites. All mosquito pools tested negative for Dirofilaria spp.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight species-specific responses to urbanization, with Ae.&#xa0;albopictus favoring urban environments and Cx.&#xa0;pipiens thriving in periurban zones. These patterns underscore the need for habitat- and species-specific vector surveillance and control strategies. Urban control efforts should target early summer Ae.&#xa0;albopictus peaks, particularly around artificial breeding sites, while periurban interventions should focus on Cx.&#xa0;pipiens populations that persist later in the season. The absence of Dirofilaria DNA suggests low current transmission, but continued molecular surveillance is warranted, particularly in periurban areas where high densities of Cx.&#xa0;pipiens vectors and animal reservoirs may overlap under changing environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41219987,
year = {2025},
author = {Deshpande, P and Toivonen, P and Selonen, V},
title = {Northern populations of Finnish raccoon dogs are active at the range edge and unhindered by movement boundaries.},
journal = {Movement ecology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {81},
pmid = {41219987},
issn = {2051-3933},
support = {357199//Research Council of Finland/ ; Sotka-project//Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Studying movements of invasive species is important for controlling their spread into new areas and understanding how their populations can be controlled in the regions where they have already spread. Additionally, animals at the range edge are known to behave differently from those at the range core. Such differences in movement behaviour can further affect the spread of a species into new areas. Here, we use data from GPS tracking of 103 individuals of the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Finland to examine the movement of the species. First, we determine whether movement distances differ in the range edge and range core. Next, focusing on dispersing individuals, we explore whether their movements are directional. Finally, we investigate whether the dispersal by raccoon dogs is affected by movement boundaries, such as waterbodies and roads. We show that raccoon dogs at the range edge move larger distances than those in the range core. The dispersing individuals do not show a preference to moving in any particular direction. Finally, we do not find evidence for waterbodies and roads acting as movement boundaries for raccoon dogs. Our results indicate that raccoon dogs are very active at the range edge and highlight how the movement distances of a species might be underestimated if individuals from the invasion front are not studied. The raccoon dog’s spread is likely to continue into favourable habitats and not be hindered by roads or water bodies putting areas at higher latitudes and surrounding countries at the risk of invasion.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40462-025-00601-1.},
}
@article {pmid41219613,
year = {2026},
author = {Davies, RM and Coetzee, A and Seymour, CL},
title = {Robbers vs. invaders: The effects of alien tree invasions on nectar robbing in bird-pollinated Erica species.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {139},
number = {1},
pages = {35-48},
pmid = {41219613},
issn = {1618-0860},
support = {N/A//South African National Biodiversity Institute/ ; TTK2205108476//National Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pollination/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Plant Nectar ; *Birds/physiology ; South Africa ; Bees/physiology ; Trees/physiology ; },
abstract = {Invasion by alien woody plants strongly affects plant-animal interactions, often reducing invertebrate and bird abundance, thereby altering pollination and ultimately influencing plant reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether invasive alien trees also affect interactions typically considered antagonistic, such as nectar robbing. This study investigates the effects of invasive alien trees on insect communities and how these, in turn, affect the occurrence and frequency of nectar robbing in bird-pollinated Erica discolor and Erica unicolor. Floral-visitor observations were recorded at 27 uninvaded and 31 invaded fynbos (a Mediterranean-type shrubland) sites along the southern Cape coastal mountains, South Africa, from April to June 2023. We assessed factors affecting (1) nectar-robbing insect abundance, (2) the rate of nectar robbing, and (3) the impact of nectar robbing on pollination rate. Although overall robbing rates did not differ between invaded and uninvaded sites, the species composition of nectar robbers shifted. The Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis) dominated robbing in uninvaded sites, whereas small solitary bees dominated robbing in invaded sites. Robbing appeared to have no effect on bird pollination rates in either Erica species. This study is the first to directly compare the widely used cumulative measure of robbing rate with observed robbing rate, revealing a significant positive relationship between the two. Together, these findings offer insights into how invasive alien trees can alter fynbos ecosystems and emphasise the critical role of insect communities in shaping plant-animal interactions.},
}
@article {pmid41218449,
year = {2026},
author = {Dąbrowska, A and Wiktorowicz, D and Łada, W and Pawłowska, J},
title = {Arctic macrosources of the microplastic pollution (Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen): Spectral characterization and first insight into the fungal diversity on the arctic plastisphere.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {118843},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118843},
pmid = {41218449},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Arctic Regions ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Fungi/classification ; *Microplastics/analysis ; *Plastics/analysis ; *Biodiversity ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; },
abstract = {The ubiquitous plastic pollution influences even the remote polar regions, such as the Arctic and its archipelagos. Macro- (MAs), meso- (MSs), and microplastic (MPs) form the substrate for further biotic colonization. In this paper, we have tackled two issues: the problem of microplastic formation from plastic macro litter and preliminary assessment of fungal diversity on Arctic plastisphere, underlining their role in interactions of MP with organisms. To understand the MPs origin, fragmented macro- and meso-plastic items with adjacent smaller fragments were selected as local sources (LS), and collected in three different zones of the Longerbyen beach: on its main part and near the central part of the settlements, at the eastern border, and within the Longyearelva river mouth adjacent to the Adventfjorden. All LS were spectrally identified as being in 64 % composed of polyethylene, 27 % polypropylene, and polystyrene (9 %). In contrast, other than LS plastic items in the zone included several other spectrally confirmed polymer types such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), and cellulose fibres. Secondly, the set of selected debris was tested for fungal presence on the plastic surface. 20 fungal taxa were isolated from plastisphere, including 4 taxa not previously reported from Svalbard. Finally, the arctic fungisphere possibly shows the role of plastics as a vector of alien species.},
}
@article {pmid41218447,
year = {2026},
author = {Ríos-Bonilla, SM and García-Hernandez, JE and Toledo-Rodríguez, DA and Schizas, NV and Rodrigues, LJ},
title = {Biomonitoring of microplastics in the Caribbean Sea with invasive lionfish.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {118947},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118947},
pmid = {41218447},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Microplastics/analysis/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; *Biological Monitoring ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/metabolism ; Caribbean Region ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Perciformes/metabolism ; *Fishes/metabolism ; Gills/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Biomonitoring or using organisms to assess the distribution and bioavailability of microplastics (MPs) is one approach for improving the management of MPs that are abundant and ubiquitous in marine ecosystems. The Caribbean region lacks a target species for biomonitoring MPs. Here, we propose using the introduced lionfish (Pterois spp.) that have successfully invaded the Caribbean Sea and Western Atlantic Ocean. With their widespread population and broad ecological niche, the life history characteristics of invasive lionfish are well suited for biomonitoring. To evaluate whether invasive lionfish uptake MPs, we collected 56 lionfish from different depths and reefs in the same region and examined their stomach and gills for MPs. Using both dissection and acid digestion techniques to evaluate the lionfish tissues, we found a high abundance of MPs with an average load of 6.4 MPs ± 3.2 per lionfish with no pattern associated with depth, reef, or size of lionfish. Most MPs were microfibers and were blue, black, or clear in appearance. There was also a high prevalence of MPs, 98 % of lionfish had MPs in their stomach and 79 % had MPs in their gills. Our data verify the suitability of the invasive lionfish as a biomonitoring tool for MPs given their generalist behavior, wide habitat, and surplus population, with the added benefits of culling invasive species without disturbing native fish communities.},
}
@article {pmid41218446,
year = {2026},
author = {Fernandez, S and Monteiro, P and Gonçalves, JMS and Garcia-Vazquez, E and Erzini, K},
title = {Environmental DNA as a complementary tool for monitoring fish assemblages in coastal lagoons: Insights for conservation.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {118951},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118951},
pmid = {41218446},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Fishes/classification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Portugal ; Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; Endangered Species ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {For their scarcity, invasive species in early invasion stages and endangered species are often difficult to detect compromising both conservation and ecosystem protection. Here environmental DNA (eDNA) was compared with beach seining for monitoring fish diversity in the protected Natural Park Ria Formosa lagoon (Portugal). Surface water for eDNA extraction was collected before sampling a mean of 1400m[2] from ten diverse shallow water habitats with a 25 m beach seine. Fragments of the 12S rRNA and COI mitochondrial genes were PCR-amplified and taxonomy was assigned to amplicon sequence variants. Sampling with the beach seine resulted in the identification of 33 species and 4 genera while 28 species were identified based on eDNA, with 18 taxa in common. Greater taxonomic resolution at a species level was possible with eDNA. While the majority of species detected with both methods were of least concern according to IUCN criteria, eDNA detected one invasive (the weakfish Cynoscion regalis with 12S marker) and two critically endangered species (the ray Aetomylaeus bovinus with 12S and the eel Anguilla anguilla with COI marker), none of which were caught by beach seining. C. regalis is a threat in Portuguese waters and should be surveyed in Ria Formosa. The results highlight the usefulness of eDNA as a cost-effective complementary method to traditional monitoring, especially for rare species. Based on these results, we recommend the use of eDNA with multiple markers in surface and bottom water samples in long-term monitoring programmes, to enhance the detection of rare, elusive species in coastal lagoons.},
}
@article {pmid41218441,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, HL and Gan, KY and Tam, NFY and Chen, ZT and Li, FL and Xu, SJL and Peng, D and Zhou, HC and Lee, FWF},
title = {Comparison of meiofauna, particularly free-living marine nematode community in interspersed habitats of mangroves and Spartina alterniflora in Zhanjiang, China.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {118943},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118943},
pmid = {41218441},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wetlands ; China ; *Nematoda ; *Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; *Poaceae ; Geologic Sediments ; Biodiversity ; Avicennia ; Aquatic Organisms ; },
abstract = {The invasion of Spartina alterniflora poses a significant threat to mangrove wetlands but its effects on free-living marine nematodes (nematodes, hereafter), the most abundant benthic animals, are understudied. This research compared sediment meiofauna, particularly nematodes, in habitats dominated by S. alterniflora (an invasive species), two native mangrove species (Avicennia marina and Sonneratia apetala), and bare mudflats in Zhanjiang, China. Results show that surface sediment of S. alterniflora had lower pH, salinity, SOM, TP, Cu, Pb and Cr than bare mudflat although the values were comparable between S. alterniflora and A. marina habitats. S. alterniflora sediment also had similar nematode abundance as that in mudflat, but its Shannon-wiener diversity (H'), Pielou's evenness (J'), Margalef's richness (D) and maturity index (MI) were significantly higher. Nematode abundance in S. alterniflora sediment was lower than that in other vegetated habitats, but its diversity indices were comparable to that in A. marina habitat. In S. alterniflora invaded habitat, the abundance of nematodes in rhizosphere was similar to that in surface sediments, but feeding types were significantly different between these two types of sediments. These findings demonstrate that S. alterniflora invasion alters nematode community composition in mudflat ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41217019,
year = {2026},
author = {Keller, AG and Goldstein, BR and Skare, L and de Valpine, P},
title = {An integrated integral projection model (IPM[2]) to disentangle size-structured harvest and natural mortality.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {95},
number = {1},
pages = {157-174},
pmid = {41217019},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {DBI-1942280//National Science Foundation/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey/ ; DE-SC0024386//Advanced Scientific Computing Research/ ; //Fisheries and Oceans Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Body Size ; *Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Brachyura/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Body size is one of the most important traits governing individual-level demographic rates and modulating population-level processes. Multiple size-dependent demographic rates can simultaneously change population structure, so distinguishing their individual contributions to overall population dynamics remains a challenge. Disentangling size-dependent harvest rates from other demographic rates is critical for assessing the impact of removal on populations of invasive species. Inference about invasive populations can be difficult, however, as observations are often collected opportunistically as part of removal programs, rather than experimentally designed. Yet accurate inference is essential for understanding the feasibility of population suppression and optimising management decisions. We develop an integrated integral projection model (IPM[2]) that leverages the strengths of the integrated population model and integral projection model to enable inference about complex, size-structured demographic rates from imperfect observations. We apply the IPM[2] in the context of invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas), a species for which individual body size strongly regulates both the observation-generating process and latent, population dynamics. The IPM[2] facilitates the distinct estimation of green crab size-structured harvest and natural mortality rates, parameters for which no explicit data is collected and that are unidentifiable in component datasets of the integrated population model. The model represents how the green crab population changes over time, providing the first estimates of size-structured abundance of this high-priority species. By forecasting the stable size distribution and equilibrium population size under varying removal efforts, we demonstrate that extremely high levels of removal effort can reduce the equilibrium green crab population size. Yet these high mortality rates also shift the stable size distribution and increase the equilibrium abundance of smaller crabs, since size-selective removal alters intraspecific interactions. The ecological outcome of this shift in size structure will be variable, as green crab size modulates only some of its interactions with other species. These results highlight the value of the IPM[2] framework for inferring complex population dynamics with information needs that outpace information in individual observational datasets, providing a path forward for accurate assessment of conservation programs.},
}
@article {pmid41214439,
year = {2025},
author = {Barry, JM and Wood, CM and Jones, GM and McGinn, KA and Kelly, KG and Kramer, HA and Hofstadter, DF and Kahl, S and Klinck, H and Kryshak, NF and Dotters, BP and Roberts, KN and Keane, JJ and Ng, E and Peery, MZ},
title = {Divergent responses of native predators to severe wildfire and biological invasion are mediated by life history.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {7},
pages = {e70135},
pmid = {41214439},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station/ ; F23AC03051-00//Fish and Wildlife Service/ ; 2017-CR-11052007-058//U.S. Forest Service/ ; //Sierra Pacific Industries/ ; //German Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Strigiformes/physiology ; *Wildfires ; *Introduced Species ; California ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Life History Traits ; Forests ; },
abstract = {The Anthropocene is defined by rapid environmental changes such as biological invasions and shifting disturbance regimes that threaten native species. Understanding the drivers of endangerment for species facing multiple simultaneous threats is challenging without experimental methods. Here, we examined the relative and combined effects of severe wildfires and an early-stage barred owl (Strix varia) invasion on an assemblage of three native forest owl species in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, leveraging manipulative (lethal barred owl removals) and natural (severe wildfires) experiments and a regional passive acoustic monitoring program from 2018 to 2023. Wildfires reduced flammulated owl (Psiloscops flammeolus) occupancy by 71% in severely burned areas (sites experiencing near-complete high-severity fire) for at least 3 years postfire but did not affect great horned (Bubo virginianus) or northern pygmy owl (Glaucidium californicum) occupancy. Because flammulated owls have small home ranges and an insectivorous diet that depends on nearby mature forest foraging habitat and secondary-cavity nest sites, they showed a strong negative response to extensive high-severity burn areas that eliminate these resources. Flammulated owl occupancy increased approximately twofold from 0.09 (85% CI: 0.03, 0.20) to 0.18 (85% CI: 0.07, 0.36) following lethal barred owl removals (with only 4% posterior distribution overlap), but removals did not affect the other two native species. Despite evidence of habitat segregation between barred owls and the native species, where barred owls typically occupied intermediate-to-late seral forests in flatter, lower elevation areas, this niche partitioning was insufficient to prevent nonconsumptive or predatory effects on flammulated owls. In contrast, the resilience of great horned and pygmy owls may have stemmed from their larger body size and diurnal activity, respectively, suggesting that life history mediates forest owl vulnerability to invasive barred owls. The negative effects of barred owls on flammulated owls, even during the early invasion stage, coupled with well-documented effects on other small, nocturnal forest owl species in regions with high barred owl densities, reinforce the conservation value of proactive invasive species management. Our study demonstrates the power of regional-scale experimentation, facilitated by bioacoustic monitoring, for understanding biological community responses-mediated by species' life history-to rapid environmental changes.},
}
@article {pmid41214127,
year = {2025},
author = {Dunlop, J and von Takach, B and Dempster, T and Jolly, CJ and Letnic, M and Lohr, C and Shine, R and Ward-Fear, G and Webb, JK and Woinarski, JCZ and Phillips, BL},
title = {Quantifying the potential impact of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) on biodiversity in Australia's Pilbara region.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {37566},
pmid = {41214127},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {LP220100164//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Australia ; *Bufo marinus/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {If eradication has become infeasible, containment of an invasive species may be a practical alternative. Like all management actions, however, containment comes with costs, so it is important to quantify the potential benefits accruing from a proposed containment action. Here we examine the ongoing spread of the toxic, invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) across northern Australia, and a proposal to contain their spread and prevent their arrival in Australia's Pilbara bioregion (178,000 km[2]), ca. 500 kms south of the toad's 2024 invasion front. We then evaluate the likely biodiversity costs if toads spread to the Pilbara. Under a 'do-nothing' scenario, toads are predicted to arrive via natural dispersal in the Pilbara between 2035 and 2055. They are predicted to colonise almost the entirety of the Pilbara bioregion. We predict that 25 vertebrate taxa resident in the Pilbara are likely to show population declines driven by lethal poisoning. Of the 25 at-risk taxa, eight are endemic to the Pilbara. A further two taxa are not endemic to the region but toad colonisation of the Pilbara will result in > 90% of their range being occupied by toads. Hence, we predict that the spread of toads to the Pilbara will cause an additional five mammals and four reptile species to be added to the threatened species list, and cause another species to be upgraded in threat status. These likely losses will also have cultural impacts for the First Nations people of the Pilbara, and cause economic impacts for the Pilbara's primary industry; mining. Overall, our results show that predicted losses of the no-action option are high, and likely justify an attempt to exclude toads through establishment of a containment zone.},
}
@article {pmid41213842,
year = {2025},
author = {Perez-Navarro, MA and Shepherd, HER and Brian, JI and Clark, AT and Catford, JA},
title = {Evidence for environmental filtering and limiting similarity depends on spatial scale and dissimilarity metrics.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {11},
pages = {e70244},
pmid = {41213842},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {DEB-0080382//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-0620652//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1234162//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-8114302//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-8811884//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-9411972//National Science Foundation/ ; 101002987//H2020 European Research Council/ ; //University of Graz/ ; DE120102221//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Plants/classification/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; *Grassland ; *Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Darwin's theory of natural selection provides two seemingly contradictory hypotheses for explaining the success of biological invasions: (1) the pre-adaptation hypothesis posits that introduced species that are closely related to native species will be more likely to succeed due to shared advantageous characteristics; (2) the limiting similarity hypothesis posits that invaders that are more similar to resident species will be less likely to succeed due to competitive exclusion. Previous studies assessing this conundrum show mixed results, possibly stemming from inconsistent study spatial scales and failure to integrate both functional and phylogenetic information. Here, we address these limitations using a 33-year grassland successional survey at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (USA). We incorporate functional dissimilarities, phylogenetic distances, environmental covariates, and species origin data for 303 vascular plant taxa (256 native, 47 introduced), collected from 2700 plots. In contrast with other studies, we test both hypotheses at two fine spatial scales-neighborhood (0.5 m[2]) and site (~40 m[2])-to better capture competition and environmental filtering, respectively. Findings related to Darwin's naturalization conundrum depended on spatial scale and dissimilarity metric. Our results agreed with the pre-adaptation hypothesis at site scale (40 m[2])-a much finer resolution than typically used to test the pre-adaptation hypothesis-highlighting the role of environmental filtering. At the neighborhood scale (0.5 m[2]), support for the limiting similarity hypothesis emerged when using functional dissimilarity, while phylogenetic distance aligned with the pre-adaptation hypothesis, demonstrating that different dissimilarity metrics can yield contrasting conclusions. In addition, native and introduced species showed different abundance patterns in relation to functional ranked dissimilarities, with introduced species reaching higher cover when they were taller than co-occurring species, had higher leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and lower seed mass. Introduced species also reached high cover with higher soil N concentrations and a shorter time after colonization, relative to native species. Our results suggest that inconsistent findings related to Darwin's naturalization conundrum may arise from an overreliance on single dissimilarity metrics and the use of spatial scales failing to capture underlying ecological processes. This highlights the need for more nuanced methodologies when testing the pre-adaptation and limiting similarity hypotheses.},
}
@article {pmid41211324,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, AM and Cropper, WP and Moulton, MP},
title = {A machine learning approach to managing game bird introductions.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e20291},
pmid = {41211324},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Machine Learning ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Galliformes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; },
abstract = {Effective management of introduced species requires a clear understanding of their habitat requirements. Species distribution models (SDMs) offer a powerful tool for addressing this challenge. We applied seven modeling techniques to predict a suitable habitat for the introduced Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar), including artificial neural networks, generalized additive models, k-nearest neighbor, random forests, support vector machines, extreme gradient boosting, and a weighted ensemble approach. Using site-level data on physiography, climate, land cover, and habitat range, we modeled Chukar distributions by simulating historical introduction efforts and extrapolating predictions into surrounding areas to assess cross-regional transferability. Model performance was evaluated using independent, geographically distinct validation datasets. Our results demonstrate that machine learning-based SDMs provide accurate and transferable predictions of Chukar habitat suitability. This study highlights the value of machine learning for predicting establishment success while emphasizing the importance of incorporating species movement behavior and site fidelity into SDM frameworks. Overall, our findings contribute to advancing conservation planning, species reintroductions, and adaptive management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41210619,
year = {2025},
author = {Wan, WJ and Hansson, C and Guo, JY and Liu, WX},
title = {A new species of Diglyphus Walker (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from China, with notes on its biology and a key to the Chinese species.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1257},
number = {},
pages = {327-337},
pmid = {41210619},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {A new species of Diglyphus Walker, D. albifemur Liu, Hansson &amp; Guo, sp. nov., is described based on extensive material from China collected from 2016 to 2024. The entire material included here has been reared from agromyzid leafminers (Diptera, Agromyzidae), mainly from Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach, mining leaves of Clematis orientalis L. The new species is morphologically similar to the European species D. clematidis Navone &amp; Hansson and shares the same host plant genus (Clematis) but can be distinguished by several diagnostic features detailed herein. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the new species are provided. The identification key to Chinese Diglyphus species by Zhu et al. (2000) was extended to incorporate the new species and all other Chinese species described since that publication.},
}
@article {pmid41210189,
year = {2025},
author = {Marrone, PG},
title = {Increasing the use of biological pesticides in integrated pest management programs.},
journal = {Frontiers in insect science},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1552361},
pmid = {41210189},
issn = {2673-8600},
abstract = {While biopesticides have been around for 70 years, starting with Bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticides, they are experiencing rapid growth as the products have gotten better and more science-based and there are more restrictions on synthetic chemical pesticides. The growth of biopesticides is projected to continue to outpace that of chemical pesticides, with compounded annual growth rates of 10%-20% versus single digits for chemicals. When integrated into pest management programs, biopesticides offer the potential for higher crop yields and quality than chemical-only programs. Added benefits include the reduction or elimination of chemical residues, therefore easing export, delay in the development of resistance by pests and pathogens to chemicals, shorter field re-entry, biodegradability and lower carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions, and low risk to non-target organisms, including pollinators. However, many challenges still exist to drive further the adoption of biopesticides. These include lack of awareness and education in how to test and deploy their unique modes of action in integrated programs, resulting in lingering perceptions about performance and cost-effectiveness. This article addresses these issues with suggestions on how to increase farmer and key influencer confidence in the deployment of biologicals in integrated pest management (IPM) programs, including adjusting IPM thresholds and practice based on the modes of action of biopesticides compared to synthetic chemicals.},
}
@article {pmid41208404,
year = {2025},
author = {Juillard, T and Bachofen, C and Bergström, M and Conedera, M and Dumont, M and Limousin, JM and Milano, A and Pezzatti, GB and ViIagrosa, A and Grossiord, C},
title = {Thermal acclimation fails to confer a carbon budget advantage to invasive species over natives.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {199},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41208404},
issn = {1532-2548},
support = {//Sandoz Family Foundation/ ; 310030_204697/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; CRSK-3_220989/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; CIPROM/2022/37//EVER project/ ; //Generalitat Valenciana/ ; },
mesh = {*Acclimatization/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; *Carbon/metabolism ; Temperature ; Cell Respiration ; Europe ; },
abstract = {Both native and invasive plants can adjust photosynthesis and respiration when exposed to warmer temperatures. However, it is uncertain whether invasive plants are more plastic and exhibit higher acclimation to rising temperatures than native ones, a trait that could contribute to their invasive behavior in novel environments. We compared the capacity of the windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei), a highly invasive species in central Europe, and 2 native co-occurring species, European holly (Ilex aquifolium) and small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata), to acclimate photosynthesis and respiration to air temperature changes using a 2-yr-long transplant experiment across Europe (mean temperatures ranging from 8.4 to 21.8 °C). We measured the optimal temperature of photosynthesis (Topt), the assimilation at optimal temperature (Aopt), the thermal breadth of photosynthesis (T80), the respiration at 25 °C (R25), the temperature sensitivity of respiration (Q10), and simulated the whole-plant carbon budget. For all species, Topt, Aopt, and T80 increased with warming, while R25 decreased in the native species and Q10 decreased in the invasive species only. Consequently, acclimation enhanced the carbon budget of the invasive and native plants in the warm and hot sites. The invasive palm had a similar or lower acclimation capacity than other species and a lower but constant carbon budget across the European temperature gradient. Our work reveals that not all invasive plants exhibit greater photosynthetic plasticity than native ones, suggesting that temperature-driven enhancement of their carbon budget may play a limited role in future invasion processes.},
}
@article {pmid41207397,
year = {2026},
author = {Valdez, DJ and López, GC and Boaglio, GI and Uñates, DR and López, LM and Tempesti, TC and Benitez-Vieyra, SM and Somoza, GM},
title = {Seasonal vs opportunistic breeders, a seasonal morphological and endocrine comparative study of the gonadal cycle in birds.},
journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {114851},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114851},
pmid = {41207397},
issn = {1095-6840},
mesh = {Animals ; *Seasons ; Male ; *Reproduction/physiology ; Female ; Photoperiod ; *Gonads/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; Testosterone/blood ; *Columbidae/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; Testis/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; },
abstract = {Avian reproduction is usually seasonal and strongly influenced by environmental factors, primarily photoperiod, which is mainly perceived by deep brain photoreceptors in the hypothalamic region and regulates the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, certain species have developed adaptable reproductive strategies that differ from the classical seasonal model. In this study, we analyzed seasonal variations and gonadal asymmetry in three dove species with different reproductive strategies: The White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi) and the Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata), both native to South America, and the Rock Dove (Columba livia), an introduced species from the Northern Hemisphere. Our results indicate that the White-tipped Dove, a seasonal breeder, follows a photoperiod-dependent reproductive pattern, showing seasonal variations in gonadal size and reproductive activity, as well as testosterone plasma levels, with no evidence of gonadal asymmetry. In the Eared Dove, an opportunistic breeder, the gonadal response is less pronounced, with testicular activity present even during months with short photoperiod, no association with testosterone plasma levels, and no gonadal asymmetry. Finally, the Rock Dove, another opportunistic breeder, exhibits the most variable gonadal response, with no association between photoperiod, gonadal morphology, and testosterone plasma levels. These findings suggest that the White-tipped Dove follows a classical photoperiod-regulated seasonal reproductive cycle, whereas the Eared Dove and the Rock Dove display greater reproductive plasticity, likely influenced by other factors, such as anthropogenic food availability, rather than photoperiod.},
}
@article {pmid41206856,
year = {2025},
author = {Divíšek, J and Pyšek, P and Richardson, DM and Gotelli, NJ and Beckage, B and Molofsky, J and Lososová, Z and Chytrý, M},
title = {Naturalized and Invasive Species Integrate Differently in the Trait Space of Local Plant Communities.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {11},
pages = {e70235},
pmid = {41206856},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {58-8062-8-012//USDA ARS NACA Agreement/ ; 25-16176S//Czech Science Foundation (GA&#x10c;R)/ ; CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0017850//Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic/ ; RVO67985939//Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants/genetics ; Plant Leaves ; },
abstract = {How alien plant species integrate into local native communities remains a widely debated but largely unresolved question. For 12,460 plant communities from six different habitats, we show that naturalized non-invasive species integrate near the center of the multidimensional functional trait space of each community, whereas invasive species tend to occupy the edges. This pattern is driven mainly by specific leaf area, plant height and seed mass, followed by genome size. These results suggest that functional similarity to resident native species supports successful naturalization of alien species through preadaptation to environmental conditions. In contrast, the functional dissimilarity of invasive species enables them to exploit new niches, potentially avoiding direct competition with co-occurring native species while still passing through environmental filters. The magnitude of differences between native, naturalized and invasive species is habitat-specific, reflecting both the local ecological conditions and the traits of the most widespread species in a given habitat.},
}
@article {pmid41206383,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, L and Qin, Y and Zhao, Y and Ren, L},
title = {A study on the classification and distribution characteristics of riparian vegetation at reach scales in the Nanliu River, China.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {12},
pages = {1315},
pmid = {41206383},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {52469003//Regional Science Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; GuikeAD23026044//Guangxi Science and Technology Department Young Innovative Talent Research Project/ ; NO. NNNU-KLOP-K2201//the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University/ ; },
mesh = {China ; *Rivers/chemistry ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Plants/classification ; *Ecosystem ; Wetlands ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Riparian zones, serving as critical ecological transition zones between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, are pivotal for sustaining biophysical equilibrium and ecosystem resilience. However, intensive anthropogenic activities (e.g., land conversion, resource extraction) have led to severe degradation of these wetland ecosystems. In this study, ‌combining high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle imagery (DJI Mavic 3E) with ground surveys, we classified riparian vegetation and analyzed the distribution characteristics across six representative river reaches along the Nanliu River in Guangxi, China. Using an object-based image analysis (OBIA) framework combined with a Random Forest Classifier, high-precision vegetation classification was achieved, with Kappa coefficients (0.76-0.82) indicating strong agreement with ground reference data. Results revealed that the vegetation structure was characterized by a predominance of herbaceous species (65% of total cover), complemented by shrubs and trees (35%), exhibiting distinct zonation patterns along the fluvial-perpendicular gradient. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) test (F = 3.68, p < 0.05) showed that there were significant differences in plant composition among the six selected reaches' riparian zones. Furthermore, invasive species (Mikania micrantha Kunth in Humb. &amp; al., Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. etc.) were identified, posing significant ecological risks to native plant communities and ecosystem functionality. This study provides a detailed characterization of the current vegetation composition and spatial dynamics in the Nanliu River riparian corridors, offering empirical insights for targeted ecological management strategies to enhance plant conservation and guide sustainable ecosystem restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid41205364,
year = {2025},
author = {Fontaine, SS and Trevelline, BK},
title = {Transcriptomics at the thermal limits of an urban introduced lizard.},
journal = {Journal of thermal biology},
volume = {134},
number = {},
pages = {104305},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104305},
pmid = {41205364},
issn = {0306-4565},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/genetics/physiology ; *Transcriptome ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Introduced Species ; Acclimatization ; Hot Temperature ; },
abstract = {Rapid changes in gene expression can result in physiological plasticity that assists animals in coping with environmental stressors. Increased capacity for physiological plasticity may then facilitate adaptation to stressful habitats like urban heat islands or invasion into novel ranges. Currently, temperature stress is a leading threat to organisms, especially ectotherms. While exposure to changing temperatures is known to shift gene expression patterns in ectothermic animals, many studies are conducted after lengthy acclimation times. However, exposure to thermal stress in nature can occur rapidly. We assessed the capacity for gene expression plasticity in response to a brief exposure to extreme thermal stress in an urban, introduced species, the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Lizards were ramped to their critical thermal maximum (CTmax) or minimum (CTmin) followed by rapid recovery. We used RNA-sequencing to compare the transcriptomes of lizards exposed to CTmax, CTmin, or control conditions using heart, liver, and large intestine tissue. Exposure to heat stress induced a much stronger gene expression response across tissues than cold exposure. In response to heat, there was systemic upregulation of heat shock proteins and stress response pathways. Heat also induced changes in transcription, translation, and metabolic processes but these effects were more tissue specific. Although fewer gene expression changes were observed in response to cold, some genes were upregulated that could be beneficial under cooling stress. Our data suggests gene expression plasticity could facilitate range expansion in this species, but more work is needed to assess the transcriptomic response to temperature stress in nature.},
}
@article {pmid41204855,
year = {2026},
author = {Viruel, J and Sweeney, CJ and Day, R and White, K and Dawson, W and Myer, B and Floyd, K and Corcoran, M and Kelting, C and Poncet, S and Forest, F and Clubbe, C and Newton, RJ},
title = {Phylogenomic Barcoding of Soil Seed Bank-Persistent and Wind-Dispersed Non-Native Plant Species in South Georgia.},
journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {e70068},
pmid = {41204855},
issn = {1755-0998},
support = {DPLUS080//Darwin Initiative/ ; RYC2023-042611-I//MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+/ ; },
mesh = {*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Seed Bank ; *Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; *Soil ; Biodiversity ; Wind ; Seeds/genetics/classification ; *Plants/genetics/classification ; Georgia (Republic) ; Seedlings/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {Climate change and invasive species are leading drivers of biodiversity loss, with island ecosystems being especially vulnerable. South Georgia, a remote sub-Antarctic island, is 170 km long with approximately 30,000 ha of vegetated coastal areas, as snow and ice dominate the inland regions. Human activities on the island have historically introduced non-native species, resulting in 41 introduced vascular plant species compared with only 24 native ones. To address this imbalance, the South Georgia Non-Native Plant Management Strategy was implemented (2016-2020) to control non-native plant populations. We assessed emergent seedlings from South Georgia soil samples and wind-dispersed seeds to determine which species persist in the soil seed bank and contribute to dispersal. Using a molecular barcoding approach, we evaluated traditional markers (rbcL and matK) and optimized a high-throughput Angiosperms353 sequencing pipeline for accurate seedling identification. We generated a reference library covering all native and non-native species and applied this to 1,498 emergent seedlings and 737 trapped seeds. Molecular barcoding identified 21 species, including 10 non-natives and 11 natives. Strikingly, 84% of emergent seedlings were non-native, with Class III invasive species (Cerastium fontanum, Poa annua, Taraxacum officinale) dominating across most sites and in all wind traps. By contrast, Class I and II species occurred rarely and only at a few sites, indicating that management efforts have substantially reduced their spread, though viable seeds persist in the soil. These findings highlight both the continued threat from persistent seed banks of dominant invaders and the value of molecular barcoding for long-term monitoring. Our approach provides a framework for biosecurity and restoration management in South Georgia and other vulnerable ecosystems under climate change pressures.},
}
@article {pmid41204703,
year = {2025},
author = {Špelić, I and Glogoški, M and Piria, M},
title = {Relationship between the environment and the occurrence of invasive pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus in lotic and lentic habitats.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70275},
pmid = {41204703},
issn = {1095-8649},
abstract = {The pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus is a freshwater fish species native to North America. It has been introduced to Europe, where it is recognized as one of the worst aquatic invaders due to its high adaptability and invasive potential. This study aimed to determine the presence of L. gibbosus in small to medium-sized water bodies, both lotic and lentic, across the Sava River Basin in continental Croatia and identify the environmental variables associated with its occurrence. Lepomis gibbosus was recorded at 22 out of 111 lotic sites and 16 out of 29 lentic sites. The best-fitting Bernoulli generalized linear model on lotic data indicated that L. gibbosus occurrence was significantly and positively associated with the maximum depth of the sampling site and its distance from agricultural areas; the best-fitting lentic model showed that species occurrence was positively correlated with the pH and surface area of the water body. The lotic model was more robust, whereas the lentic model was interpreted with caution due to the smaller sample size. The species' presence in isolated larger ponds, usually more attractive to anglers, indicates that human introduction as a bait fish could be a primary driver of its dispersion. The findings of this study provide a first step in understanding the ecological habitat preferences of L. gibbosus in this region and could serve as a starting point for future research, monitoring and management of this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41202742,
year = {2025},
author = {Milardi, M and Wood, LE and Nyboer, EA and Embke, HS and Phang, SC and Lynch, AJ},
title = {Global recreational consumption of non-native inland fish: higher economic benefits, but lower nutritional value and climate resilience.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1005},
number = {},
pages = {180872},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180872},
pmid = {41202742},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Recreation ; *Fishes ; *Fisheries/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Nutritive Value ; Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Inland recreational fisheries are globally significant leisure pursuits, with well-documented benefits to human health and well-being, but also one of the principal drivers of non-native fish introductions to enhance fishing opportunities, whether for sport or sustenance. In this study, we assess the relative reliance of global inland recreational fisheries on non-native versus native species for harvest. We further examine how this reliance varies by economic and nutritional value as well as the climate vulnerability of the species involved. We demonstrate that, of the 1,325,851 t of inland recreational fishes recreationally harvested for consumption worldwide in 2021, non-native fish were a small proportion (4 %; 53,651 t). On a global scale, non-native fish contributed a net positive 38.2 % economic value to inland recreational harvest. However, they also contributed a net negative -21.9 % nutritional value to inland recreational harvest. Non-native fishes were also more climate vulnerable (i.e., higher average climate vulnerability index values) and thus proportionally increased overall estimates of climate vulnerability with a net positive of 70.9 %. Our results quantitatively demonstrate that non-native species play a more important role in inland consumptive recreational fisheries than their mere harvest volume would suggest. However, many nuances were seen on the continent and country scale, which reflect the complexity of fisher behavior, fish distribution and socio-economic factors. Our findings help unravel the complex effects of non-native species on human activities and underscore the need to evaluate their global impacts holistically.},
}
@article {pmid41202103,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, F and Wu, J and Zhu, X and Guo, F and Du, Q and Zhu, Z and Zhang, F and Yin, Z and Zhang, Y and Yang, Z},
title = {A Pilot Application of Sedimentary DNA to Reveal Long-Term Fish Diversity Dynamics in an Urbanized Estuary and Adjacent Waters.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {59},
number = {46},
pages = {24955-24967},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5c06700},
pmid = {41202103},
issn = {1520-5851},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes ; *Estuaries ; Urbanization ; Biodiversity ; *DNA ; Ecosystem ; China ; Geologic Sediments ; Rivers ; },
abstract = {Estuaries and adjacent waters are highly productive ecosystems, but are increasingly stressed by urbanization and climate change. Understanding long-term shifts in fish communities is critical for sustainable management, yet remains limited by scarce historical data. Here, we applied quality-controlled sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) metabarcoding, combining contamination prevention, stringent data filtering, and statistical calibration, to reconstruct ca. 100 years of fish diversity dynamics in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) area, southern China. The monitored sedDNA data sets revealed that changes in fish communities in the PRE can be categorized into four distinct historical phases: the 1930s-1950s, 1950s-1970s, 1970s-1990s, and 1990s-2020s. Taxonomic and functional richness peaked around the 1970s but declined sharply thereafter. Small-bodied and omnivorous species gradually gave way to larger-bodied and warm-water species, reflecting a shift in trophic and habitat preferences over time. Invasive species, such as Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon zillii, became increasingly dominant, whereas indigenous species markedly declined. Multivariate analyses showed that urbanization primarily affected taxonomic diversity, while climate drivers shaped functional traits and community structure, with invasive species acting as key mediators of ecological disruption. Overall, these results offer new insights into the century-scale fish diversity dynamics under compounded urbanization and climatic pressures, and highlight sedDNA as a powerful tool for reconstructing historical biomonitoring records.},
}
@article {pmid41200254,
year = {2025},
author = {Beltran-Moreno, M and Llacctas, A and Huanca, J and Evans, G},
title = {A survey of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) on avocados, olives, and grapes in the Peruvian region of Arequipa.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1257},
number = {},
pages = {91-125},
pmid = {41200254},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) are among the most economically important plant pests known throughout the world. They are found frequently on the leaves, stems, roots, and fruit, and are of great concern to importers of these plant products due to their great potential to become invasive species in their new environment when separated from their natural enemies. In Peru, knowledge of scale insects is limited to a few economically important species primarily because local, regional, or national surveys have not been conducted. This study aimed to document and update knowledge of scale insect diversity on avocado, olive, and grape plantations in the Arequipa region of Peru. Samples were collected from fruit orchards in June 2019, February-March 2020, August 2021, and July 2022. Sampling was performed in 35 localities across eight provinces in the Arequipa region where crops are grown for commercial purposes. Leaves, branches, and fruit of each of these three crops at each locality were randomly sampled, and inspected for the presence of scale insects. A total of 13,991 scale insect specimens were collected from 668 samples. Diversity indices were used to assess the structure of the scale insect communities across the three crops. Five families, 22 genera, and 33 species were identified. Species in the family Diaspididae were the most abundant, followed by Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Ortheziidae and Eriococcidae, respectively. Twenty-eight species of scale insects are reported for the first time in the Arequipa region, nine of which are new records for Peru. The highest species richness was found on grapes, followed by avocados, and the lowest richness was found in olives. A dichotomous morphological key to the species of scale insects reported in this study is provided.},
}
@article {pmid41199508,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, KK and Liang, CS and Yan, Y and Liu, DQ and Yang, H and Wan, FH and Yang, WJ},
title = {MicroRNA Lse-miR-2944c-3p regulates female reproduction in Lasioderma serricorne by targeting the heat shock protein LsHSP70-3.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {2},
pages = {2099-2109},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70352},
pmid = {41199508},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {QKHJC-ZK[2023]-020//Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program/ ; 32160637//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; GCC[2023]008//Program of High-level Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; [2023]48-19//Guiyang Science and Technology Personnel Training Project/ ; QJJ-[2023]-024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; GYU-KY-[2025]-10//Guiyang University's Doctoral Research Start-up Funds/ ; },
mesh = {Female ; *MicroRNAs/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Reproduction/genetics ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Moths/genetics/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Ovary/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The reproductive plasticity of female insects is governed by the complex structure and function of their ovaries. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian development in Lasioderma serricorne, a globally significant pest of stored products, remain largely unexplored. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating genes associated with reproduction remains poorly characterized.<br><br>RESULTS: This study investigated the regulatory mechanisms involving the LsHSP70-3 gene, which encodes a heat shock protein, and its associated miRNA in the reproductive processes of female L. serricorne. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LsHSP70-3 markedly impaired ovarian development and reduced female fecundity. In silico predictions, validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, identified Lse-miR-2944c-3p as the cognate miRNA targeting LsHSP70-3. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull-down experiments confirmed the interaction between Lse-miR-2944c-3p and the 3' untranslated region of LsHSP70-3, resulting in the repression of its expression. Microinjection of Lse-miR-2944c-3p mimics led to reduced expression of LsHSP70-3 and down-regulation of vitellogenin (Vg) and Vg receptor (VgR) transcripts, culminating in impaired ovarian development, decreased oviposition, and reduced egg hatchability. Conversely, administration of an Lse-miR-2944c-3p inhibitor elevated the expression of LsHSP70-3, LsVg, and LsVgR, thereby promoting oogenesis and increasing egg production. Rescue experiments involving the co-injection of the miRNA inhibitor and dsLsHSP70-3 corroborated that Lse-miR-2944c-3p modulates reproduction by fine-tuning LsHSP70-3 expression.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that LsHSP70-3 deficiency impairs reproductive development in L. serricorne females. Lse-miR-2944c-3p and its target, LsHSP70-3, represent potential molecular targets for the control of L. serricorne. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41198865,
year = {2025},
author = {Amano, Y and Baba, H and Kishi, D and Shimomura, Y and Yoshizaki, G},
title = {Inhibiting invasive fish reproduction via germ cell xenotransplantation and hybrid lethality.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {38971},
pmid = {41198865},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {JP22J12808//Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows/ ; JP23H00344//Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; *Introduced Species ; Female ; *Reproduction ; *Germ Cells/transplantation ; *Transplantation, Heterologous/methods ; *Oncorhynchus mykiss/physiology ; Spermatozoa/transplantation ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien fish constitute a major problem in the conservation of aquatic ecosystems. The most common method of exterminating invasive fish is physical capture by fishing gear; however, it is extremely difficult to eradicate them. Here, we developed a novel methodology to inhibit the reproduction of invasive fish by releasing surrogate males of the same species, which produce sperm of different species, into rivers, allowing them to produce lethal hybrids through natural spawning. This study focused on rainbow trout, an invasive fish that negatively impacts ecosystems worldwide. Since rainbow trout × brown trout hybrids are lethal, surrogate rainbow trout producing brown trout sperm were created by germline stem cell transplantation. Releasing the surrogate males into an experimental river inhabited by wild-type rainbow trout females revealed that they naturally mated and produced lethal hybrid offspring. This is a novel and powerful methodology for eradicating invasive fish.},
}
@article {pmid41198842,
year = {2025},
author = {Aminaka, Y and Wong, MK and Yada, T and Hyodo, S},
title = {The use of environmental RNA for inferring fish spawning behavior.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {37559},
pmid = {41198842},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {25K09264//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21H04922//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; FSI project "Ocean DNA: Constructing "Bio-map" of Marine Organisms using DNA Sequence Analyses"//University of Tokyo/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Oryzias/physiology/genetics ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Female ; *RNA/genetics ; *Reproduction ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a popular method to study species composition, community structure, and invasive species presence but this method is limited for inferring dynamic physiological activities of the identified organisms. Recently, environmental RNA (eRNA) collection and analysis has emerged as a useful tool to shed light on the functions and status of organisms, transcending the eDNA limitation by capturing dynamic biological activities, and shifting the paradigm of field monitoring. During fish spawning, gametes released to the environment can markedly increase gamete-specific eRNA. Using literature- and transcriptome-based information, testis-specific klhl10 and epithelium-specific muc5ac were shortlisted as potential eRNA markers for gametes and epithelia. Medaka mating behavior was observed, tank water was filtered for eRNA extraction, and selected markers were quantified by real time PCR. Early in the daily light cycle, mating attempt duration in medaka was positively correlated to the increase of klhl10 transcripts in the water, supporting that gamete release was the cause of increased klhl10 levels in water. Our results pave the way for the use of eRNA markers to monitor physiological activities of fish in the field, the application of which will benefit aquaculture, environmental assessment, and conservation of species diversities.},
}
@article {pmid41198834,
year = {2025},
author = {Stiles, PC and Balatsos, G and Liyanage, P and Baron, JN and Sakellariou Sofianou, M and Bisia, M and Karras, V and Bärnighausen, T and Patsoula, E and Rocklöv, J and Michaelakis, A and Bunker, A},
title = {Three-year assessment of integrated vector management in Attica, Greece: results from surveillance and control activities.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1533},
pmid = {41198834},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {101057554//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; 101086640//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; 101057554//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; 101086640//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; 101057554//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Greece/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology ; *Aedes/virology ; *Culex/virology ; *West Nile Fever/prevention &amp; control/transmission/epidemiology/virology ; West Nile virus ; },
abstract = {The West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens and invasive species Aedes albopictus are abundant in Attica, Greece, which deploys an integrated vector management program for targeted vector control. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effects of this program on mosquito vector populations. Using mosquito surveillance and intervention occurrence data, we assessed the effects of mosquito control interventions on vector populations using a two-stage interrupted time series (ITS) approach. First, we fitted ITS models to 16 weeks of data centered on the week of each unique species-specific intervention. Second, we pooled the estimated coefficients in a meta-regression model. Following vector control interventions at the targeted intervention sites, we observed an overall 34% reduction (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.50-0.89) in Culex pipiens counts and a nonsignificant 5% increase (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.81-1.35) in Aedes albopictus counts, compared to the pre-intervention period. These results support the implementation in reducing Culex pipiens populations in Attica as part of an integrated public health plan to mitigate West Nile virus risk. However, the limited impact on Ae. albopictus suggests the need for complementary strategies beyond conventional biocides. Overall, this study could serve a model for evaluating IVM programs in diverse settings.},
}
@article {pmid41195936,
year = {2025},
author = {Suetsugu, K},
title = {An introduced ant enhances pollination in the non-photosynthetic plant Balanophora fungosa.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {11},
pages = {e70228},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70228},
pmid = {41195936},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {JPMJPR21D6//Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41195458,
year = {2025},
author = {Davis, AJS and Dawson, W and Essl, F and Kreft, H and Lenzner, B and Pergl, J and Pyšek, P and Weigelt, P and Winter, M and van Kleunen, M},
title = {The updated Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF 2.0) database.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {11},
pages = {e70245},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70245},
pmid = {41195458},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {//Czech Science Foundation/ ; RVO 67985939//Czech Academy of Sciences/ ; 202548816//German Research Foundation/ ; 264740629//German Research Foundation/ ; 379417748//German Research Foundation/ ; 52112243//German Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Plants/classification ; *Introduced Species ; *Databases, Factual ; },
abstract = {GloNAF is a continuously updated, curated compilation of alien naturalized vascular plant inventories for geographic regions worldwide. Building on its predecessor, GloNAF 2.0 now contains 16,429 taxa and introduces major updates, including the standardization of taxonomic names using the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP), removal of outdated records, and the net addition of 117,229 new records. These new entries have substantially increased the size of GloNAF, resulting in a 26% increase in the number of naturalized taxa in the database and a 31% increase in the number of geographic regions compared to GloNAF 1.2. We provide an overview of GloNAF 2.0, highlighting its expanded geographic and taxonomic coverage. In addition, we have aligned GloNAF with FAIR data principles through improvements in data accessibility, metadata standards, and support for data reuse. GloNAF 2.0 represents a significant and comprehensive resource for researchers aiming to advance our understanding of the drivers and consequences of biological invasions and naturalization success. The dataset is published under a CC-BY 4.0 license; thus, when using these data, please give credit to this paper.},
}
@article {pmid41195251,
year = {2025},
author = {McCard, M and Alujević, K and McCard, N and Arnott, G and Kregting, L and Dick, JTA and South, J},
title = {Personality, predation and group size: unravelling behavioural drivers of lionfish (Pterois volitans) invasion success.},
journal = {Royal Society open science},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {251158},
pmid = {41195251},
issn = {2054-5703},
abstract = {Global biodiversity is in rapid decline, with invasive alien species playing a major role. Predicting which is most damaging and under what conditions is key to proactive management. We investigated whether behavioural traits, specifically boldness and exploration, predict ecological impact in the invasive red lionfish (Pterois volitans). Despite the modest sample size of adults (n = 8) and juvenile (n = 8) lionfish, using repeated behavioural assays, we found strong personality consistency: 93% of juveniles and 56% of adults used shelter, with traits like latency to interact with novel objects showing high repeatability. Bold individuals spent less time in shelter and interacted more with novel stimuli. However, in groups of eight, personality expression shifted, with only 7% of juveniles and 44% of adults using shelter, indicating that social context alters behaviour. Functional response experiments revealed Type II feeding curves across three prey species, reflecting a saturating, hyperbolic relationship in which predators rapidly consume prey at low densities but are increasingly constrained by handling time as prey density rises. Neither adult nor juvenile lionfish reduced feeding effort when prey became scarce, allowing them to exert strong predation pressure even at low prey densities. Adults displayed significantly higher attack rates and shorter handling times on Artemia salina, whereas juveniles showed these patterns towards Gammarus oceanicus, underscoring the greater per capita feeding impact of adults. Contrary to expectations, boldness did not correlate with feeding impact but was linked to slower reaction times in shy individuals. These findings highlight the complex, context-dependent relationship between personality and ecological impact during invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41194732,
year = {2025},
author = {Nie, YH and Cheng, JP and Fu, XY and Xuan, YH and Wan, A and Zhao, H},
title = {Predicting the potential suitable habitats of invasive species in the Bidens genus in China under climate change.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {36},
number = {10},
pages = {3115-3125},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202510.027},
pmid = {41194732},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Bidens/growth &amp; development/classification/physiology ; Forecasting ; Models, Theoretical ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {The distribution patterns of invasive species under climate change have become a key focus in ecology. In view of the strong invasive potential of the genus Bidens, we used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to compare the range of suitable habitats for six Bidens species listed in the Chinese Invasive Species Information System (namely Bidens frondosa, B. alba, B. pilosa, B. vulgata, B. bipinnata and B. subalternans) under current and four different future climatic conditions. Results showed that the MaxEnt model could effectively predict the range of the suitable habitats of all the six species. Under current climate condition, the values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the six Bidens species are 0.929, 0.976, 0.921, 0.977, 0.903, and 0.980, respectively, indicating that these species have different suitable habitats. Under the four future emission pathways, although the overall area of suitable habitats for these six species generally will increase compared to the current scenario, some species exhibit fluctuating trends with the decreases in the area of suitable habitats. In summary, under global climate change, the suitable habitat ranges of these six invasive species of the genus Bidens generally will show an increasing trend. To effectively control those invasive species, further research should focus on the physiological traits of different species and their response to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41194411,
year = {2025},
author = {Schulte, LJ and Wahl, M and Staude, IR},
title = {Non-Native Plants Attain Native Levels of Microherbivory Richness With Time and Range Expansion.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {11},
pages = {e70247},
pmid = {41194411},
issn = {1461-0248},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Europe ; *Herbivory ; *Plants/classification ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Food Chain ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Non-native plants are often seen as peripheral to trophic networks due to a lack of co-evolution with local biota, but the factors shaping their integration remain poorly understood. Using a continent-wide dataset of 127,000 plant-microherbivore interactions across Europe, we show that native plants host more microherbivore species than non-natives. Among non-native plants, the number of associated microherbivore species was better predicted by time since introduction and range size in the introduced range than by relatedness to native flora or geographic origin. Species introduced more than two centuries ago, or with ranges as large as the average native plant, supported similar numbers of microherbivores as natives, though with a greater share of generalists. Our findings suggest that trophic networks can absorb novelty rapidly, with non-natives attaining levels of microherbivory richness comparable to natives over relatively short timescales, but the persistence of specialised interactions remains dependent on native flora.},
}
@article {pmid41192462,
year = {2025},
author = {Cunneyworth, PMK and Macmillan, RE and Donati, G},
title = {Habituation and decline of anti-predator behaviours in colobus monkeys in dog-dense suburban Kenya.},
journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology},
volume = {96},
number = {5-6},
pages = {253-268},
doi = {10.1163/14219980-bja10065},
pmid = {41192462},
issn = {1421-9980},
mesh = {Animals ; Kenya ; *Predatory Behavior ; Dogs ; *Colobus/physiology/psychology ; Female ; Male ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Habituation, Psychophysiologic ; Social Behavior ; },
abstract = {Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are an invasive species that can affect wildlife behaviour and contribute to species extinction. In Diani and Galu, southeastern Kenya, they injure or kill colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis palliatus) more than the other monkey species in the area. This study investigated how arboreal colobus in these suburban areas adjust anti-predator strategies to a dog-dense environment. From May to July 2018, we conducted focal follows on two colobus groups (Group A: 103 h; Group B: 98.5 h) with home ranges overlapping with dogs and where previous dog-colobus attacks were witnessed. Dog-colobus interactions (⩽20 m from a dog) occurred in 2% of observation hours, with 70% of interactions involving dog predatory behaviours. The primary anti-predator behaviour was vigilance during the interactions and moving away rather than fleeing. When we mapped these interactions, the high-risk areas accounted for 12 and 13% of the total home ranges, respectively. Both groups spent about half their time foraging in these high-risk areas, did not stay high in the vegetation while there, and did not socialise or rest more frequently in the low-risk areas. A 1969 study of colobus vocalisations in the same area described colobus responding to dogs with vocalisations, threat displays, and fleeing - typical anti-predator behaviours of the genus. We conclude that over 55 years of exposure and habituation to dogs in a rapidly growing suburban environment have diminished anti-predator responses. Although frequently employed anti-predator behaviours would be energetically costly, reduced expression may ultimately increase colobus vulnerability to dog predation.},
}
@article {pmid41192368,
year = {2026},
author = {Lin, YT and Lin, YH and Shiu, YW and Han, YS},
title = {Morphological and molecular evidence reveal the Sarotherodon melanotheron invasion off Taiwan, East Asia.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {118898},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118898},
pmid = {41192368},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Taiwan ; *Cichlids/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; },
abstract = {The blackchin tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell, 1852, is a highly euryhaline cichlid native to West and Central Africa. Due to its broad salinity tolerance and rapid reproduction, it has become a high-risk invasive species in brackish and coastal ecosystems worldwide. This study reports the first and northernmost confirmed record of wild blackchin tilapia population in East Asia, based on 13 specimens collected from coastal waters of Kaohsiung City, Southern Taiwan. Morphological and meristic data, together with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequencing, confirmed species identity and consistency with native and invasive populations elsewhere. The occurrence of mature individuals and a substantial wild population confirms the establishment of invasion population in Taiwanese coastal environment. Given its wide salinity tolerance and omnivorous diet, this species poses potential ecological and economic threats to native ecosystems and aquaculture. This finding also represents the northernmost record of blackchin tilapia in the western Pacific.},
}
@article {pmid41192318,
year = {2025},
author = {González-Jaramillo, SI and Cano-Santana, Z},
title = {Biotic interactions and structural decline of exotic urban trees shape biodiversity patterns in a megacity.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1005},
number = {},
pages = {180832},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180832},
pmid = {41192318},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Eucalyptus/physiology ; Cities ; *Trees ; Mexico ; Ecosystem ; Animals ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Introduced Species ; Coleoptera ; },
abstract = {Urban ecosystems are increasingly shaped by multiple, interacting biotic stressors driven by global change, including habitat fragmentation, climate variability, and the widespread introduction of exotic species. In this study, the structural decline of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was evaluated across 20 sites in Mexico City over five monitoring periods (2019-2024), integrating tree traits and site variables, associated fauna, and biotic stressors within a unified analytical framework. Cumulative link mixed models showed that structural decline progressed consistently through time and was strongly associated with borer beetle galleries, Glycaspis brimblecombei galls, and foliar fungi, while lower vulnerability was observed in larger individuals and trees located in larger plots. No significant effects were detected for mistletoes, epiphytes, or woodpecker activity. Tree structural decline emerges as a dynamic process shaped by shifting biotic stressors, with networks showing structurally declining trees embedded in webs dominated by G. brimblecombei-foliar fungi interactions together with borer beetle galleries. Although no direct associations with associated fauna were detected, indirect connections through biotic stressors suggested that deteriorating eucalyptus can act as transient ecological hubs, concentrating interactions that later collapse or reorganize once trees die or are removed. From a biodiversity perspective, microhabitats were provided and diverse organisms were supported by trees undergoing structural decline, underscoring their dual role as both ecological assets and safety risks in densely populated areas. These findings highlight the ecological implications of exotic trees in urban landscapes and emphasize the need for management strategies that balance safety-driven removals with the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions.},
}
@article {pmid41189498,
year = {2025},
author = {Jolma, ER and van Leeuwen, A and Wegner, KM and Thieltges, DW and Heesterbeek, JAPH and Roberts, MG},
title = {Context dependency of maintenance communities of invasive parasites under climate change: a case study of mussels and intestinal copepods in the Wadden Sea.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface},
volume = {22},
number = {232},
pages = {20250370},
pmid = {41189498},
issn = {1742-5662},
support = {//Marsden Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Copepoda/physiology ; *Climate Change ; *Models, Biological ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Introduced Species ; Oceans and Seas ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Climate change can impact the persistence of native and invasive parasites and their effects on hosts. Given the complexity of interactions in natural systems, models based on parasite-host systems can be helpful to explore long-term impacts. We investigate how two intestinal parasitic copepods impact host populations, and how the predicted temperature increase by year [Formula: see text] may affect the persistence and impacts of the parasites. We study Mytilicola intestinalis (a specialist established in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis) and Mytilicola orientalis (a recent invader infecting mussels and Pacific oysters, Magallana gigas) in the Wadden Sea. The parasites are non-lethal but can influence host maturation and fecundity. Using a mathematical model parametrized with empirical, field and literature data, we explore how temperature increase affects parasite basic reproduction numbers and the long-term population trends of parasites and mussels. Temperature increase reduces mussel populations below the critical community size for M. intestinalis persistence, while allowing M. orientalis to persist without oysters. M. orientalis does not have a negative effect on the host population in additional to that of M. intestinalis when both are present. We show that environmental change can have qualitatively different effects on related parasites by changing the role of the shared host as a maintenance population.},
}
@article {pmid41189045,
year = {2026},
author = {Sayre, MM and Murphy, LA and Kavanaugh, C and Dunn, G and Grubbs, L and Kobetz, EN and Schaefer Solle, N and Caban-Martinez, AJ},
title = {Perspectives on Environmental and Occupational Exposures and Cancer Risk From Florida's Wildland Firefighters: A Forestry and Wildland Risk Discussions (FORWRD) Qualitative Study.},
journal = {American journal of industrial medicine},
volume = {69},
number = {1},
pages = {14-23},
doi = {10.1002/ajim.70033},
pmid = {41189045},
issn = {1097-0274},
support = {//This study was supported by the State of Florida, Grant number: 2490 A, and the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Grant number: P30CA240139./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Firefighters/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; *Forestry ; Male ; Florida/epidemiology ; Qualitative Research ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Focus Groups ; *Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; *Neoplasms/etiology/epidemiology ; Wildfires ; Risk Assessment ; Personal Protective Equipment ; *Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Firefighters responding to wildland and wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires increasingly navigate a hazardous landscape of environmental pollutants and occupational risks that may influence their health risk perceptions, yet their firsthand experiences and work-related safety concerns are insufficiently understood.<br><br>METHODS: Between December 2024 and February 2025, we conducted seven focus groups and four key informant interviews with 51 Florida Forest Service personnel, whose service averaged 11.5 years. Qualitative analysis of interview data employed a coding reliability thematic approach informed by a postpositivist paradigm.<br><br>RESULTS: Four primary themes emerged: (1) Safety risks associated with heavy equipment operations and inadequate immersive training; (2) environmental hazards from complex smoke mixtures, invasive species, anthropogenic contaminants, and expanding WUI conditions; (3) systemic deficiencies in personal protective equipment availability, decontamination infrastructure, and cultural norms that valorize soiled gear; and (4) acute and chronic health burdens, including respiratory irritation, cardiovascular strain, mental health stressors, and perceived elevated cancer risk. Preinterview survey data documented that 72.5% of respondents self-reported wearing&#xa0;no respiratory protection during fireground activities. Health conditions reported included hypertension (24.0%), arthritis (11.8%), and asthma (9.8%). Approximately 8.0% reported having depressive disorder, and 7.8% reported having kidney disease. Among all participants, 46.9% were obese.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Findings highlight critical gaps in occupational health practices, resource allocation, and cultural attitudes within the wildland firefighting workforce. Integration of technical interventions, such as enhanced respiratory protection, realistic equipment training, and station-based laundering facilities with culturally informed strategies to shift perceptions of risk and of gear cleanliness should be validated in population-based studies.},
}
@article {pmid41188949,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, X and Li, Z and Zhao, S and Guo, Y and Zeng, S and Chen, H and Liu, X and He, Q and Ge, L and Zhou, X},
title = {Insights into the autecology of Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {445},
pmid = {41188949},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {NPRC-2019-194-30//National Parasitic Resources Center, and the Ministry of Science and Technology fund/ ; 82502757//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82072311//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2020YFC1200100//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2022B1111030002//Key R&amp;D Program of Guangdong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology/virology ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/virology ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Aedes albopictus is among the 100 most invasive species worldwide and has colonized all continents except Antarctica within the last 30-40 years. As an important vector, it can transmit multiple arboviruses including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Research aimed at understanding the fundamental autecology of this species is essential for advancing the risk of mosquito-borne disease (MBD) and for formulating practical control strategies. This primer provides contextual background information on several key ecological behaviours of Ae. albopictus, such as host-seeking and habitat-seeking, from an autecological perspective. This study provides the recent multidisciplinary insights into the ecological behaviours of Ae. albopictus and elucidates the connections between its autecology and effective surveillance, disease transmission estimation and efficient disease control.},
}
@article {pmid41188520,
year = {2025},
author = {Murugasridevi, K and Manivasagam, VS and Manalil, S},
title = {Spatial prediction of Spodoptera frugiperda expansion in India using MaxEnt under shifting climate regimes.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {38632},
pmid = {41188520},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; India ; *Spodoptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Climate Change ; Zea mays/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; Crops, Agricultural/parasitology ; Temperature ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {The Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly invasive pest threatening graminaceous crops and global food security due to its aggressive feeding and migratory behavior. Abiotic factors, particularly climatic variables, along with the spatial distribution of maize, its primary host, play a critical role in shaping the geographic distribution, survival, and development of S. frugiperda. As a recent invader in India, understanding its potential spread under changing climate conditions is essential. This study applied the MaxEnt model using CMIP6 climate projections (BCC-CSM2-MR and MIROC6) under SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios to forecast FAW distribution. The model showed strong predictive accuracy (AUC > 0.85; TSS = 0.59), with annual temperature range (Bio7) and maize distribution identified as key predictors. Under current conditions, 40.5% of India is suitable for FAW, with high suitability concentrated in southern and eastern states. Projections for 2030 suggest slight expansion under SSP126 (41%) and contraction under SSP585 (37%) in the BCC-CSM2-MR model, while MIROC6 estimates 39% and 40%, respectively. Interestingly, suitability is projected to increase in central and northeastern regions, while optimal zones may shrink due to thermal stress. These findings highlight FAW's expanding risk under climate change and provide actionable insights for climate-resilient pest management in India.},
}
@article {pmid41187675,
year = {2025},
author = {Pang, B and Che, C and Yang, C and Xie, T and Cui, B and Liu, Y and Wang, Q and Lu, Y and Li, Y and Gao, F},
title = {Hydrological connectivity associated with salinity mediates wetland vegetation pattern and productivity in estuary.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {395},
number = {},
pages = {127842},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127842},
pmid = {41187675},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Salinity ; *Estuaries ; Hydrology ; Ecosystem ; Rivers ; Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Hydrological connectivity associated with salinity (termed water-salt connectivity) plays a critical role in estuarine ecological processes. Understanding the dynamic mechanisms through which water-salt connectivity influences vegetation is essential for effective coastal wetland conservation and restoration. This study establishes a Water-Salt Index of Connectivity (WSIC) model to investigate how intertidal vegetation distribution and development patterns respond to water-salt connectivity dynamics. Key findings reveal: (1) The WSIC model shows strong stability and significant correlations with measured soil salinity (P = 0.001), effectively characterizing intertidal salt transport and its associated heterogeneity; (2) Since 1987, rising-tide WSIC (WSICR) in the Yellow River Delta has declined 42 % (from -2.080 ± 1.037 to -2.973 ± 2.597, P < 0.001) with stable falling-tide WSIC (WSICF), signaling regional desalination; (3) Elevated WSIC corresponds to vegetation simplification and density reduction (P < 0.05). Species-specific adaptations drive zonal patterns, with vegetation transition zones shifting seaward due to intensified competition in high-WSIC areas; (4) WSIC regulates intraspecies biomass distribution, with Suaeda salsa displaying inverse correlations, others unimodal responses, indicating habitat contraction for S. salsa; (5) Reduced WSICR creates low-salinity niches for Spartina alterniflora invasion (P < 0.001), while increased salt retention post-invasion accelerates its expansion. Incorporating dynamic water-salt processes into ecological modeling, this research transcends conventional static environmental frameworks, providing actionable insights for wetland management, endemic species preservation, and invasive species control.},
}
@article {pmid41187543,
year = {2025},
author = {Lan, W and Zhou, Y and Duan, S and Yang, F and Xiao, Y and Yang, H},
title = {Rhizosphere microbiome-mediated cadmium and lead mobilization in Erigeron canadensis across a regional contamination gradient: Trade-offs between diversity loss and functional gene enrichment.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {306},
number = {},
pages = {119341},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119341},
pmid = {41187543},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {*Rhizosphere ; *Cadmium/metabolism ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism/analysis ; *Lead/metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Microbiota ; *Soil Microbiology ; China ; },
abstract = {Erigeron canadensis, an invasive plant with significant biomass and heavy metal tolerance, has the potential for phytoremediation of soil heavy-metal contaminants. This study aimed to screen the key factors for improving the phytoremediation capacity of E. canadensis by examining rhizospheric ecological characteristics under varying levels of heavy metal pollution. Results showed that E. canadensis exhibited greater ability to enrich Cd and Pb in mildly polluted environments, with distinct mechanisms driving this pattern across three groups: HX (Huayuan County), LX (Liuyang City), and YX (Yueyang City), which represented different levels of pollution. Soil properties such as pH, total nitrogen, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen (readily available nitrogen), and organic matter significantly influenced heavy metal uptake. Furthermore, the rhizosphere environment facilitated the adaptation of plant and enrichment of heavy metals by altering the microbial community, specifically by reducing overall diversity while increasing the relative abundance of key taxa characterized by metal resistance and plant growth-promoting abilities, including Lysobacter, Corynebacterium, Humicola, and Colletotrichum. These microorganisms adapted to Cd/Pb stress with some specific genes (e.g., Fur, PerR, and CueR) and enzymes (e.g., P-type ATPases, catalase, and alcohol dehydrogenase) related to heavy metal transport and uptake. This study elucidated the relationship between rhizospheric ecological factors and the regulatory mechanisms of phytoremediation. Selected microbial taxa might be developed as bioinoculants, improving phytoremediation efficiency and enhancing the ecological restoration capacity while also providing insights for the management of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41186768,
year = {2025},
author = {Awde, DN and Vaněčková, K and Řeřicha, M and Žabová, B and Dobeš, P and Knapp, M},
title = {Seasonal variation rather than ectoparasitic fungi infection affects hemolymph parameters, thermal stress tolerance, and movement performance of an invasive ladybird.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {12},
pages = {182},
pmid = {41186768},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {2025B0026//Fakulta &#x17d;ivotn&#xed;ho Prost&#x159;ed&#xed;, &#x10c;esk&#xe1; Zem&#x11b;d&#x11b;lsk&#xe1; Univerzita v Praze/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Seasons ; *Coleoptera/microbiology/physiology ; Hemolymph ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Despite the prevalence of both Harmonia axyridis and its fungal ectoparasite Hesperomyces harmoniae across the globe, few studies have explored the impact of Hesperomyces harmoniae on the immune system and thermal performance of Harmonia axyridis, both of which are important traits for the continued geographic range expansion of this invasive species. Since He. harmoniae does impose a cost on Ha. axyridis (overwintering survival), we predicted that infected ladybirds collected from the field would have an increased immune response and decreased phenotypic performance compared to uninfected ladybirds. Moreover, these effects would depend on the season in which ladybirds were collected (summer growing vs autumn pre-overwintering season). In general, collection season had a significant effect on all physiological traits we assayed. All hemolymph parameters significantly decreased from summer to autumn. Ladybird movement activity and range of utilized temperatures increased from summer to autumn, whereas, average preferred temperature decreased from summer to autumn. Unsurprisingly, summer ladybirds were more heat tolerant and autumn ladybirds were more cold tolerant. He. harmoniae infection had almost no impact on any of the investigated traits. The only exception to this was with respect to cold tolerance, He. harmoniae infected ladybirds being less cold tolerant than uninfected ladybirds. Therefore, infection by this fungus does not appear to be physiologically severe enough to elicit a whole-body negative effect on its host ladybird, but instead, may deplete specific internal resources that negatively impact cold tolerance.},
}
@article {pmid41186082,
year = {2025},
author = {Prach, K and Walker, LR},
title = {Natural Regeneration of Tropical Rain Forests Is the Least Successful Among All Forest Biomes.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {11},
pages = {e70596},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70596},
pmid = {41186082},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {25-18351S//Grant Agency of the Czech Republic/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41183213,
year = {2025},
author = {Chades, I},
title = {Choosing structure over complexity: POMDPs for emerging diseases and invasive species.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {45},
pages = {e2523998122},
pmid = {41183213},
issn = {1091-6490},
}
@article {pmid41178788,
year = {2025},
author = {Meeder, A and Klinger, R and Knapp, J and Yost, J},
title = {Plant composition dynamics following non-native ungulate removal: Convergence, divergence, and novel ecosystems.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {7},
pages = {e70114},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70114},
pmid = {41178788},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship/ ; //The Nature Conservancy/ ; //California Native Plants Society/ ; //Southern California Botanists/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; California ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants/classification ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Global changes in disturbance regimes are reshaping ecosystems, driving shifts in species composition, diversity, and community structure. On islands, these effects are often pronounced due to their unique ecological contexts, including high levels of endemism and vulnerability to invasive species. Using three decades of longitudinal data, we examined vegetation dynamics on Santa Cruz Island, California (SCI), following the removal of feral ungulates, focusing on the interplay of convergence, divergence, and hierarchical complexity in community assembly. Specifically, we asked: (1) To what degree has species composition diverged within communities since ungulate removal? (2) Is there evidence of convergence in species composition among vegetation communities? Our analyses revealed patterns of divergence and convergence influenced by historical grazing intensity and local site variability. Divergence was most pronounced in grassland and fennel-dominated communities, where invasive species continued to dominate or alternate trajectories emerged. Conversely, convergence was observed among woody communities (e.g., coastal scrub, chaparral), characterized by increases in native shrub and tree cover. These shifts demonstrate the role of hierarchical complexity in ecological recovery, with local-scale processes such as competition and priority effects interacting with larger scale drivers like climate variability and disturbance legacies. Novel and hybrid ecosystems emerged in many areas, reflecting the interplay between native and invasive species because of a history of extreme disturbance. These findings demonstrate the challenges of managing ecological recovery in systems influenced by multiple perturbations. As global pressures on ecosystems increase, understanding the hierarchical dynamics of convergence and divergence offers critical insights for setting realistic conservation goals and managing biodiversity in recovering landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid41177059,
year = {2026},
author = {Du, J and Ku, Y},
title = {Ballast water management to resist biological invasion risks: An evolutionary game analysis.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {118879},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118879},
pmid = {41177059},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ships ; Game Theory ; Models, Theoretical ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; },
abstract = {Effective ballast water management is critical to reducing the risk of biological invasions induced by the maritime industry, but conflicting interests among governments, ports, and ships complicate coordinated management. To balance the interests of multiple parties, we created an evolutionary game model that considers three-party utility functions. The model analyzes all possible hybrid evolutionary strategies, solves them to obtain Nash equilibrium, and tests the robustness of the strategies. Through numerical simulation, we experiment with the impact of various strategies on the prevention and control of biological invasion risks. The results show that under general scenarios, ships will actively avoid risks, and government incentives can increase this initiative. Active governance behavior by the government will significantly promote active cooperation between ships and improve the efficiency of managing risk of ballast water discharge. These findings guide ballast water management strategies to prevent the risk of biological invasion in ocean-going vessels.},
}
@article {pmid41176223,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, L and Yang, X and Su, Z and Guan, X and Wang, Z and Huang, T},
title = {Sustainable tea plantations: Harnessing chemical-microbial synergy and smart application triangulation for targeted weed control.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2025.10.054},
pmid = {41176223},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over 200 weed species-predominantly from the Poaceae and Asteraceae families-infest tea plantations. These weeds compete aggressively with tea plants for essential resources (light, water, and nutrients), serve as reservoirs for pathogens and pests, and bioaccumulate phytotoxic compounds (e.g., pyrrolizidine alkaloids and heavy metals), jeopardizing agroecosystem health. Although chemical herbicides are currently the most effective and economical method, their long-term overuse poses ecological risks and threatens agricultural sustainability, highlighting an urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Although chemical herbicides remain the most effective and economical method, their long-term overuse causes ecological risks and challenges agricultural sustainability.<br><br>AIM OF REVIEW: This review synthesizes current knowledge on sustainable weed management in tea plantations by evaluating the strengths and limitations of chemical and microbial herbicides. It further advances the novel concepts of chemical-microbial synergy and smart application triangulation-integrated strategies not explicitly addressed in previous reviews-that provide new directions for developing next-generation sustainable weed control.<br><br>This review systematically examines three critical aspects of weed management in tea plantations: (1) characterizing weed biodiversity and assessing multidimensional threats through taxonomic profiling of invasive species, with particular focus on their cascading impacts on tea agroecosystems including resource competition, disease transmission, and soil toxicity; (2) evaluating the mechanisms and trade-offs of current herbicide approaches through comparative analysis of chemical herbicides (noting their efficiency but ecological concerns) and microbial herbicides (considering their environmental benefits but field performance variability); (3) exploring sustainable optimization strategies by investigating innovative approaches such as precision herbicide formulations (nano-formulations, smart delivery systems) and integrated weed management solutions (microbiome engineering, epigenome editing).},
}
@article {pmid41174939,
year = {2026},
author = {LeBrun, EG and Fernandez, AS and Sekula, LA and Macones, CR and Gilbert, LE},
title = {Social immunity in a supercolonial invasive ant: Nest structure confers immune function.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {95},
number = {1},
pages = {84-96},
pmid = {41174939},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {//Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation/ ; //Travis County Natural Resources Division/ ; //City of Austin, Watershed Protection/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/immunology/microbiology/physiology ; *Social Behavior ; *Nesting Behavior ; *Microsporidia/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; },
abstract = {In animals, group living comes at the cost of increased pathogen exposure. In kin groups, social immune behaviours offset that cost and reach their most complex expression in eusocial insect societies. In the nests of these societies, collective social behaviours can modify the patterns of individual interactions across space, reducing the ability of pathogens to reach the reproductive core of the colony (organizational immunity). To be effective, these behaviours must separate infected and uninfected individuals; implying that the efficacy of social immune behaviours may depend upon nest structure. The role of nest space has received little attention, and most knowledge of social immune behaviour in social insects is based on the study of generalist entomopathogenic fungi. We examine the social immune behaviours involved in the interaction between the supercolonial, invasive tawny crazy ant (Nylanderia fulva) and its specialist, intracellular, microsporidian pathogen Myrmecomorba nylanderiae, to ask how nest structure influences social immunity. By manipulating nest structure, we demonstrate that preventing pathogen transmission to the colony core requires a multi-chambered nest. Without which, social immune function was lost, and disease transmission was universal. To understand how nest space enhances social immune efficacy, we first confirm that workers within tawny crazy ant nests form spatially and behaviourally segregated social sub-networks. We then find that infected ants introduced into the colony core migrate to the colony periphery, while uninfected ants do not. Behavioural tests indicate that, despite the infection being internal, uninfected ants can detect the infection status of a worker; thus, behaviours enforcing spatial segregation could be triggered by either party. Additionally, infected ants alter the behavioural tasks they perform, assuming more corpse removal tasks, particularly infected corpse removal, and reducing their efforts in foraging and brood care. With some exceptions, the social immune behaviours expressed by this supercolonial ant in response to microsporidian infection correspond to immune defence behaviours employed to defend against generalist entomopathogenic fungi. These behaviours appear to be conserved, generalized responses to pathogen infection among social insects.},
}
@article {pmid41172827,
year = {2025},
author = {Lal, R and Kaur, A and Sharma, A and Kaur, S and Singh, HP and Batish, DR},
title = {Analyses of alpha and beta-diversity and soil attributes provide insights into invasion dynamics of the invasive species Calyptocarpus vialis Less.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {395},
number = {},
pages = {127678},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127678},
pmid = {41172827},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Biodiversity ; India ; Ecosystem ; *Asteraceae ; Altitude ; },
abstract = {Mountain ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and render vital ecological services. Among these ecosystems, the Himalayas are facing threats from prominent invasive alien species; however, the impacts of emerging alien species remain poorly understood. Calyptocarpus vialis Less. (Asteraceae), a recently spreading species with strong adaptive traits, has been reported to expand its niche towards higher elevations in the northwestern Himalayas, thus raising concerns about its ecological consequences. The present study aims to examine the ecological impact of C. vialis on floristic diversity, community composition, and soil physicochemical properties in the northwestern Himalayan region. Field surveys for vegetation assessment and soil sampling were conducted in paired invaded and uninvaded quadrats along an elevation gradient of 300-1500 m asl in Himachal Pradesh, India. Invasion of C. vialis significantly reduced alpha diversity (H', E), with stronger effects at higher elevations, while the effect on species richness remained stable. Pairwise beta diversity analyses revealed that invasion and altitude impact species composition, with the invasion altering nestedness patterns, whereas elevation serves as the main driver of species turnover. Furthermore, the NMDS and PERMANOVA results revealed a differential pattern of community structure in invaded and uninvaded plots across the elevation gradient. Invaded soils exhibited higher bulk density, P, K, EC, and phenolics, but lower pH, Zn, and Mn levels compared to uninvaded soils. These findings suggest that C. vialis alters the floristic composition and soil properties, leading to biotic and edaphic homogenization. Following the IUCN-EICAT framework, we classified C. vialis as a moderate-impact species that approaches the major impact category in highly invaded sites within the study region. Early detection, elevation-specific management, and soil restoration are urgently required to prevent its further spread and to safeguard Himalayan biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41169039,
year = {2025},
author = {De Smedt, P and Jones, NT and Kästle, B and Robla, J and Soares Campos Filho, I and Sfenthourakis, S and Taiti, S and Verheyen, K and Szlavecz, K},
title = {Rise of terrestrial isopods in the pet trade and the need for their inclusion in trade regulation.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70166},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70166},
pmid = {41169039},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {(grant FWO.OPR.2025.0042.01)//Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)/ ; },
abstract = {Wild animals sold as pets are at a higher risk of extinction than animals that are not traded. Invertebrates are often overlooked in national and international laws designed to control the global pet trade. Among these invertebrates, terrestrial isopods-which function as detritivores-have traditionally been kept to clean terraria housing vertebrates and other arthropods. Over the past 2 decades, they have gained popularity among hobbyists due to their ease of care, vibrant colors, minimal space requirements, and harmlessness to humans. Many traded species have limited distribution areas, sometimes only a single locality. Collecting these species in the wild poses a threat to local populations. Species are continuously being added to the online market. Many of these species, especially from tropical regions in Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America, have not been described scientifically. In addition to threatening native populations, this trade in live specimens increases the probability of non-native species introductions and invasions to new regions. Given this growing interest, we advocate for including terrestrial isopods in national and international regulations. We encourage scientists to assess the scale of the terrestrial isopod pet trade, scientifically describe traded species, and collect distribution and ecological data. We ask the International Union for Conservation of Nature to establish a terrestrial isopod specialist group to assess the status of traded species, which would facilitate their inclusion in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. We urge policy makers to make conservative lists of species that can be traded applying the precautionary principle in regulating the trade in species with an unknown conservation status and invasion risk.},
}
@article {pmid41168885,
year = {2025},
author = {Ringani, GV and Chimimba, CT and Pirk, CWW and Zengeya, TA},
title = {Trophic niche of invasive murid rodents in urban and peri-urban areas in South Africa: insights from stable isotope analysis.},
journal = {BMC zoology},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {22},
pmid = {41168885},
issn = {2056-3132},
support = {103602/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: There are three invasive Rattus species (R. norvegicus, R. rattus, R. tanezumi) that are known to occur in South Africa. The three Rattus species are widespread in urban and peri-urban areas where they have had a significant impact on human health, infrastructure, and biodiversity. There is, however, limited information on their trophic ecology and on how factors that affect access to, and utilization of, food resources facilitate successful establishment. This study applied stable isotope analysis (SIA) to assess the trophic niches of the three Rattus species across selected urban and peri-urban landscapes in Gauteng Province. The three Rattus species occurred allopatrically: R. norvegicus in urban areas (Alexandra and Tembisa townships), R. rattus in the peri-urban University of Pretoria Experimental Farm, and R. tanezumi in peri-urban areas near Hammanskraal. Rattus tanezumi and R. rattus exploited broader food resources in peri-urban areas that are used for agricultural activities, while R. norvegicus had a more restricted niche in urban environments. Niche breadth expanded in summer, reflecting seasonal food availability, while sex- and age-related differences suggested subtle differences in feeding strategies, although the results were inconsistent across species and sites. Although some limitations, such as the fact that the three Rattus species were sampled in allopatry and missing baseline resources constrained interpretation, the study provides insights into how invasive rats adapt to different environments. Future research combining stable isotope analysis with long-term monitoring data will be essential to clarify niche partitioning and guide effective management of invasive rat populations.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40850-025-00243-1.},
}
@article {pmid41168264,
year = {2025},
author = {Khoshnamvand, H and Nahjafabadi, AS and Babookani, MK and Janko, K and Abdoli, A},
title = {Integrating climate scenarios and advanced modeling to predict freshwater fish invasions: insights from Carassius species in Iran.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {38025},
pmid = {41168264},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Iran ; *Introduced Species ; Fresh Water ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; Machine Learning ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly imperiled by the dual pressures of biological invasions and climate change, necessitating robust predictive frameworks for effective management. This study integrates advanced ensemble machine learning (EML) within a species distribution modeling (SDM) framework to assess the current and future invasion risk of Carassius species (C. auratus, C. gibelio, and C. langsdorfii) across Iranian inland waters. A comprehensive dataset of 486 occurrence records was analyzed alongside eight rigorously selected environmental predictors encompassing climatic, topographical, hydrological, and anthropogenic variables. The BIOMOD2 R package facilitated the construction of an EML-based SDM, leveraging six algorithms weighted by AUC to maximize predictive accuracy. Model performance, evaluated via AUC and true skill statistic (TSS), demonstrated high discriminatory power. Projections under two CMIP6 climate scenarios (SSP 126 and SSP 585) reveal significant potential for range expansion and spatial redistribution of Carassius species, particularly under high-emission trajectories, highlighting increased invasion risks in ecologically sensitive basins. Variable importance analysis underscored the primacy of temperature, precipitation, terrain ruggedness, and human footprint in shaping invasion potential. Additionally, using kernel density estimation (KDE) analysis, the Caspian basin emerged as a critical invasion region for Carassius populations. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted monitoring and management strategies and demonstrate the utility of EML-SDMs in anticipating biological invasions under global change. The integrative approach presented here provides a scalable framework for proactive biodiversity conservation and policy development in freshwater systems facing multifaceted anthropogenic threats and provides a replicable framework for forecasting biological invasions in other vulnerable freshwater systems.},
}
@article {pmid41165017,
year = {2025},
author = {Lane, HS and Bilewitch, J and Brooks, A and Smith, L and Pomarède, M and Dymond, M and Michael, K and Zareie-Vaux, F},
title = {Concurrent infections by Bonamia species (Haplosporidia) do not cause more intense infections.},
journal = {Parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1017/S0031182025100978},
pmid = {41165017},
issn = {1469-8161},
abstract = {Recently introduced parasites are predicted to cause more severe infections because of a lack of host-parasite co-evolution. When new parasites co-occur with similar parasites they may compete for resources within a host, with mixed species infections potentially resulting in antagonistic, synergistic or additive effects. We tested Ostrea chilensis flat oysters in New Zealand for infections by two species of haplosporidian oyster parasites. Bonamia exitiosa is an endemic parasite to New Zealand, whereas Bonamia ostreae is an introduced species first detected in New Zealand in 2015. We investigated the infection intensity of each parasite by estimating gene copy numbers using species-specific digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) across Bonamia spp. allopatric and sympatric ranges. Our results showed that B. ostreae had significantly higher gene copy numbers than B. exitiosa. However, concurrent infections of both Bonamia parasites had similar intensities (based on gene copy number) to single-species infections, with no detectable interactive effects. Collectively, the results indicate that B. ostreae remains a significant risk to O. chilensis, although coinfections may not exacerbate disease. This study demonstrates the value of ddPCR screening and the importance of considering evolutionary ecology in the management of commercially important marine diseases.},
}
@article {pmid41162143,
year = {2025},
author = {Hutchings, P and Rowe, CE and Byrne, M and Przeslawski, R},
title = {Taxonomy is a foundation of marine science, and it is in trouble.},
journal = {Advances in marine biology},
volume = {101},
number = {},
pages = {197-212},
doi = {10.1016/bs.amb.2025.08.003},
pmid = {41162143},
issn = {2162-5875},
mesh = {*Classification/methods ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Aquatic Organisms/classification ; Biodiversity ; *Marine Biology/education ; Australia ; },
abstract = {This volume of Advances highlights not only the importance of marine benthic diversity in several regions of the world but also the impediments to describing this fauna. Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms and is the bedrock of marine biodiversity research and conservation, yet it faces significant decline in Australia. Thus, it is critical that the scientific community understand why taxonomy is so important. This paper underscores the foundational role of taxonomy in marine ecology, using case studies that highlight its critical relevance to species management, conservation policy, and international trade regulation. Despite extensive research and funding, unresolved taxonomies continue to affect our management of ecologically and economically important taxa, including crown-of-thorns seastar (Acanthaster spp.), exploited sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea), and invasive Cassiopea jellyfish. These ambiguities hamper accurate species identification, hinder effective conservation strategies, and complicate regulatory listings under frameworks such as CITES and the IUCN Red List. Key challenges include dwindling taxonomic expertise, reduced funding, lack of university training, and limited career pathways, all of which contribute to Australia's inability to adequately explore and manage its vast marine jurisdiction. The paper advocates for immediate systemic reforms through a series of 11 recommendations related to revitalizing taxonomic education, fostering museum-university partnerships, supporting early career researchers, and investing in infrastructure to enable species discovery. Taxonomic rigor is also essential to validate modern tools like eDNA, metagenomics, and image-based analysis. Without it, efforts to safeguard biodiversity and to foster a sustainable blue economy risk failure.},
}
@article {pmid41162142,
year = {2025},
author = {Carter, HF and Sands, CJ},
title = {An understudied phylum? Conservation consequences of the historic lack of echinoderm taxonomists.},
journal = {Advances in marine biology},
volume = {101},
number = {},
pages = {153-196},
doi = {10.1016/bs.amb.2025.07.002},
pmid = {41162142},
issn = {2162-5875},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Echinodermata/classification/physiology ; Documentation/history ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Fisheries/history ; Life History Traits ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The phylum Echinodermata is a familiar constituent of almost every marine environment and a predominant portion of the fauna in some regions. As with most marine taxa, the clade is currently threatened by a range of human mediated threats ranging in scale from the global consequences of climate change to local extinctions driven by disturbance, pollution and overfishing. In part due to their evolutionary and life history traits, echinoderms are often subject to dramatic swings in population size in the face of these threats, with knock on effects for their genetic diversity and population viability. Proper conservation of species and regional populations requires accurate taxonomic assessment to define species statuses and range size parameters, yet despite being the largest exclusively marine phylum, with more than 7000 accepted species, the Echinodermata have been comparatively understudied amongst marine clades. Herein we show the lack of taxonomic activity across the phylum has been dominated by a small number of experts and is unusually low for such a large clade. We discuss the ways in which the lack of taxonomic certainty and the over-application of names across cryptic or misidentified diversity has, in part, contributed to conservation pressures and complicated conservation measures, with discussion of invasive species, echinoderm fisheries and the complex biodiversity of the Southern Ocean.},
}
@article {pmid41159716,
year = {2026},
author = {Romero, E and Benito, M and Soto, A},
title = {A novel parasitoid for an invasive mealybug: temperature-dependent biology of Anagyrus aberiae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and implications for the biological control of Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {119},
number = {1},
pages = {55-64},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf291},
pmid = {41159716},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//Generalitat Valenciana through Conselleria de Agricultura/ ; //Desarrollo Rural/ ; S7296000//Emergencia Clim&#xe1;tica y Transici&#xf3;n Ecol&#xf3;gica/ ; //Generalitat Valenciana/ ; S7296000//Conselleria de Agricultura, Desarrollo Rural, Emergencia Clim&#xe1;tica y Transici&#xf3;n Ecol&#xf3;gica/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/parasitology/growth &amp; development ; *Pest Control, Biological ; *Wasps/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Female ; Temperature ; Male ; Introduced Species ; Spain ; Longevity ; Nymph/growth &amp; development/parasitology ; Larva/growth &amp; development/parasitology/physiology ; },
abstract = {Anagyrus aberiae (Guerrieri) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an imported parasitoid from South Africa, was released in Spain for the classical biological control of the invasive citrus mealybug Delottococcus aberiae (De Lotto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). However, limited information is available about the parasitoid's biological traits. Temperature is a key factor influencing insect performance and population dynamics. This study examines the effect of 7 constant temperatures on the development and survival of A. aberiae and determines its developmental thresholds and thermal constants using linear and nonlinear regression models. The parasitoid successfully developed and survived at temperatures between 18 and 33 °C but failed to develop at 36 °C. Development time and adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature, from 58.15 d at 18 °C to 19.27 d at 33 °C. Female progeny production peaked at 24 °C, whereas offspring production was lowest and male-biased at 18 and 33 °C. The estimated lower and upper developmental thresholds were 11.4 and 36 °C, respectively, with an optimal temperature of 32.1 °C. The thermal constant was calculated as 250 degree-days (DD). A. aberiae can survive, develop, and reproduce within the typical temperature range found in Mediterranean orchards, suggesting strong adaptive potential in regions beyond its native range. These results should be considered when optimizing mass-rearing programmes and assessing the field adaptation and establishment of A. aberiae as a biological control agent of D. aberiae across different citrus-growing regions.},
}
@article {pmid41159702,
year = {2026},
author = {Oh, HS and Baek, IS and Kim, YR and Lee, H and Kang, MG and Park, SH},
title = {Regional and seasonal patterns of blowfly distribution in southern Korea: implications for forensic entomology.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjaf135},
pmid = {41159702},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {//Projects for Research and Development of Police Science and Technology/ ; PR10-04-000-22//Center for Research and Development of Police Science and Technology of the Korean National Police Agency/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Forensic Entomology ; Republic of Korea ; Seasons ; *Calliphoridae/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; *Diptera ; },
abstract = {Blowfly species, which play a crucial role in forensic investigations as primary colonizers of cadavers, are influenced by environmental factors. However, most research conducted on blowfly species in South Korea remains limited to a single province. We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of forensically relevant blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the southern provinces of South Korea to enhance forensic entomology databases and improve postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Overall, 3,934 adult blowflies representing 14 species across 5 genera were collected from 4 regions (Changnyeong, Pohang, Yeosu, and Jeju) over a 1-yr period using baited traps. The dominant species included Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Lucilia illustris (Meigen), Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus), and Lucilia sericata (Meigen); Ch. megacephala exhibited a significantly higher abundance in Jeju than in the other regions, particularly during the warmer seasons. A self-organizing map (SOM) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to visualize and validate the spatiotemporal clustering of blowfly populations, confirming that seasonal factors strongly influence distribution patterns. The combination of SOM and PCA effectively distinguished seasonal and regional clustering patterns, demonstrating the influence of environmental factors on species-specific distributions. These findings emphasize the importance of considering regional and seasonal variations in forensic casework and the need to expand entomological databases to reflect geographic differences. Furthermore, the observed regional differences in species dominance underscore the need to incorporate environmental variability into forensic models to improve the accuracy of PMI estimates. This study provides fundamental data for improving forensic applications based on insect evidence, particularly PMI estimation and crime scene reconstruction.},
}
@article {pmid41158716,
year = {2025},
author = {Graffeo, BM and Abbas, G and Gauci, C and Brar, K and Brustenga, L and Liyanage, T and Fisher, M and Haining, J and Hufschmid, J and Beveridge, I and Jabbar, A},
title = {Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of urban and rural foxes around Melbourne, Australia.},
journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {101147},
pmid = {41158716},
issn = {2213-2244},
abstract = {The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is an introduced species to Australia whose population and spatial distribution have grown irreversibly. Due to their opportunistic feeding habits, extensive populations of foxes now inhabit urban and rural environments, where they coexist with humans and domesticated animals. The proximity of these predators presents public and animal health concerns as they harbour diseases that can cross between species. Accordingly, monitoring potential disease risk and prevalence in urban foxes is warranted. This study investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in urban and rural foxes around Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The gastrointestinal tracts of 51 opportunistically collected foxes were thoroughly examined to collect adult helminth (i.e., nematode and cestode) parasites from the stomach as well as from the small and large intestines. The results showed that 92.2 % of foxes were infected with at least one gastrointestinal helminth parasite. Based on a morphological identification of worms, the detected nematode parasites were Toxocara canis (66.7 %) and Uncinaria stenocephala (56.9 %), while the identified tapeworms included Dipylidium caninum (39.2 %), Taenia spp. (11.8 %) and Spirometra mansoni (5.9 %). Single cases of Trichuris vulpis and Physalopetra sp. infections were detected. This study highlights a human and domestic animal health risk, as a crossover of parasitic infections is possible in areas where these parasites coexist.},
}
@article {pmid41158294,
year = {2025},
author = {Dong, S and Zhao, W and Qin, T and Chen, H and Guo, W and Wang, H and Dong, H},
title = {Synergistic Effects of Microenvironmental Heterogeneity and Propagule Pressure Drive the Adaptive Expansion of a Wetland Invasive Plant in an Arid Region.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72272},
pmid = {41158294},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Understanding how invasive species establish in environments outside their typical climatic range is crucial for predicting and managing biological invasions. This study experimentally assessed the survival mechanisms of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.), a wetland plant, in the arid Yili Valley of Northwest China-a region with climatic conditions markedly different from its known distribution. Using comprehensive niche analysis methods (PCA and kernel density estimation), we confirmed that the Yili Valley represents a novel climatic space for this species, with mean annual precipitation (200 mm) far below its typical requirements (> 800 mm). Field experiments demonstrated that topographically driven moisture accumulation creates critical microhabitat refugia, with lower slope positions maintaining significantly higher soil moisture than middle and upper slopes throughout the growing season. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that slope position (F = 109.77, p < 0.001) and propagule pressure (F = 225.55, p < 0.001) were the primary drivers of seedling establishment, with their significant interaction (F = 5.18, p < 0.001) indicating that high propagule input can partially compensate for suboptimal moisture conditions. Seeds from different collection years (2010-2022) showed variable performance, with the collection year significantly affecting long-term survival (F = 20.24, p < 0.001) but not initial establishment, suggesting potential population-level changes during the invasion period that warrant further investigation with common garden experiments. Our findings demonstrate that microenvironmental heterogeneity provides crucial stepping stones for invasive species in climatically unsuitable regions, highlighting the importance of considering fine-scale habitat variation in invasion risk assessments.},
}
@article {pmid41157761,
year = {2025},
author = {Milutinović, M and Đunisijević-Bojović, D and Maksimović, V and Kostić Kravljanac, L and Popović, J and Marković, M},
title = {Differential Responses of Invasive Trees Ailanthus altissima Mill. Swingle and Fraxinus americana L. to Soil Phosphorus Availability.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {41157761},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {contracts: 451-03-137/2025-03/ 200169; 451-03-136/2025-03/ 200169; 451-03-136/2025-03/200053//This research was financed by Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia/ ; },
abstract = {The availability of phosphorus in the soil has a key role in plant physiological processes, particularly in the adaptive responses of invasive species. This study examined how contrasting soil phosphorus concentrations (low: 9 mg/kg and adequate: 27 mg/kg) influence biomass production, lignin and extractive content, P concentration in leaves, and root exudate composition in two invasive species, Ailanthus altissima and Fraxinus americana. Seedlings were grown in rhizoboxes filled with alkaline soils of two types. Adequate phosphorus concentration increased both aboveground and root biomass in the examined species, while low phosphorus significantly reduced biomass, especially in the aboveground parts, which were 3 to 4 times smaller compared to plants grown under adequate conditions. Low phosphorus concentration increased lignin and extractive content in the stem. Root exudate analysis revealed that low phosphorus availability enhanced the secretion of malate in both species. Ailanthus altissima exhibited higher malate concentrations in root exudates compared to Fraxinus americana under both phosphorus conditions. Ailanthus altissima is more competitive than Fraxinus americana on low-phosphorus alkaline soils. The results reveal how Ailanthus altissima and Fraxinus americana adapt to varying soil phosphorus levels, aiding the development of strategies to manage these invasive species and preserve ecosystem stability.},
}
@article {pmid41157719,
year = {2025},
author = {Kornienko, V and Pirko, I and Meskhi, B and Olshevskaya, A and Shevchenko, V and Odabashyan, M and Teplyakova, S and Vershinina, A and Eroshenko, A},
title = {Evaluating the Vitality of Introduced Woody Plant Species in the Donetsk-Makeyevka Urban Agglomeration.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {41157719},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Introduced species of trees and shrubs used in landscaping of cities in the steppe zone are exposed to the combined negative impact of the ever-increasing load of various anthropogenic factors and unfavorable zonal natural and climatic conditions. In this regard, the assessment of the degree of plant resistance to unfavorable factors in the urban ecosystems of the steppe zone is a necessary condition for rationalizing the selection of the assortment and improving the condition of green spaces. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the vital state of 5509 representatives of 78 introduced species of trees and shrubs growing along the road and transport network in the territory with increased anthropogenic pressure. The age structure of plantings, as well as a number of biological and ecological characteristics of the species composition, are analyzed. The variation in the level of vitality in groups united by individual characteristics-taxonomic affiliation, geographical origin, morphobiological characteristics (habitus), growth rate and age of plants-is shown, and groups with the highest level of vitality are identified. As a result, a number of criteria are selected that can serve as indirect markers of plant adaptability to the ecological conditions of steppe zone cities when forming an assortment for landscaping. Using the examples of the features "plant height" and "plant age", the species-specific reaction of plants is shown, expressed in the limitation of growth and development, as well as the reduction of life expectancy under conditions of increased anthropogenic and climatic loads. The data obtained can be used to adjust the species composition of urban trees and shrubs, optimize their ratio and spatial and functional placement, and thereby optimize the operational characteristics of green spaces and increase the duration of their use.},
}
@article {pmid41157718,
year = {2025},
author = {Fuvel, A and Cosoveanu, A and Sopena Lasala, J and Ramón Arévalo, J and Cabrera, R},
title = {Allelopathic Effects of Artemisia thuscula and Plocama pendula on the Invasive Plant Cenchrus setaceus and Crops.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {41157718},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Cenchrus setaceus is an alien invasive species with significant ecological impact on both natural ecosystems and agricultural areas across the Canary Islands. In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of foliar lixiviates from two endemic species, Artemisia thuscula and Plocama pendula, on Cenchrus setaceus and a group of crop species to assess (i) germination inhibition of the invasive species and (ii) selectivity towards non-target crops. A preliminary trial tested undiluted and diluted forms (1%, 10%) of concentrated lixiviates prepared at a 1:3 (w:v) leaf-to-water ratio, using C. setaceus and Lactuca sativa under growth chamber conditions. In the validation trial, lixiviates prepared at a 1:6 (w:v) ratio were applied directly to C. setaceus and seven crops (Zea mays, Allium cepa, Hordeum vulgare, L. sativa, Solanum lycopersicum, Brassica oleracea, and Raphanus sativus) under both growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. Germination indices were calculated across assays, and plumule and radicle lengths were measured in growth chamber assays. In both trials, C. setaceus germination was inhibited by up to 60% by both ratios of lixiviates (Dunn p < 0.05), with reduced speed and seedling growth (plumule: -37.5%; radicle: -85%). Crop sensitivity varied: A. cepa and H. vulgare showed no significant inhibition; B. oleracea and R. sativus were affected by P. pendula (germination reduced 2.5-2.7×); and Z. mays, L. sativa, and S. lycopersicum exhibited delayed germination and reduced seedling growth under both treatments. These results support the selective use of native plant lixiviates for integrated management of Cenchrus setaceus in sensitive agroecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41157714,
year = {2025},
author = {Zaka, MM and Samat, A and Abuduwaili, J and Zhu, E and Akhtar, A and Li, W},
title = {Self-Supervised Learning and Multi-Sensor Fusion for Alpine Wetland Vegetation Mapping: Bayinbuluke, China.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {41157714},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2022TSYCCX0006//Tianshan Talent Development Program/ ; 42371389//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Accurate mapping of wetland vegetation is essential for ecological monitoring and conservation, yet it remains challenging due to the spatial heterogeneity of wetlands, the scarcity of ground-truth data, and the spread of invasive species. Invasive plants alter native vegetation patterns, making their early detection critical for preserving ecosystem integrity. This study proposes a novel framework that integrates self-supervised learning (SSL), supervised segmentation, and multi-sensor data fusion to enhance vegetation classification in the Bayinbuluke Alpine Wetland, China. High-resolution satellite imagery from PlanetScope-3 and Jilin-1 was fused, and SSL methods-including BYOL, DINO, and MoCo v3-were employed to learn transferable feature representations without extensive labeled data. The results show that SSL methods exhibit consistent variations in classification performance, while multi-sensor fusion significantly improves the detection of rare and fragmented vegetation patches and enables the early identification of invasive species. Overall, the proposed SSL-fusion strategy reduces reliance on labor-intensive field data collection and provides a scalable, high-precision solution for wetland monitoring and invasive species management.},
}
@article {pmid41157704,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, F and Zhao, C and Zhu, H and Yang, X and Hu, Y},
title = {Diversity Patterns of Spontaneous Plants and Their Multi-Scale Driving Mechanisms in Cold Regions: A Case of 14 Cities in Heilongjiang Province, China.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {41157704},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {NO. LH2023E007//National Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province/ ; },
abstract = {Cold-climate cities remain poorly studied, yet their spontaneous flora is strongly shaped by severe winters and short growing seasons. Heilongjiang Province, the northernmost region of China, provides a valuable case study given its rapid urbanization. As an important component of urban biodiversity, the diversity distribution patterns of spontaneous plants and their underlying causes remain underexplored from multi-scale and multi-dimensional perspectives. Therefore, this study aimed to test how climatic subzones and habitat types jointly influence spontaneous plant diversity across urban landscapes in 14 cities of Heilongjiang Province. Based on vegetation surveys, we applied calculations of α- and β-diversity, along with hierarchical clustering, across climatic subzones, cities, and habitat types to elucidate the diversity patterns and their multi-scale driving mechanisms. The results showed the following: (1) A total of 778 spontaneous plant species were recorded, belonging to 98 families and 395 genera. Native plants accounted for 58.7%, and non-native plants accounted for 41.3% (including 77 invasive species). (2) Perennial herbs dominated overall (45.2%), consistent with winter filtering, whereas annual/biennial herbs were more common in warmer subzones such as II B2. (3) Forest gaps (FG) and shrub-grassland gaps (SG) supported the most diverse spontaneous plant communities, highlighting habitat heterogeneity. (4) Species richness peaked in subzone II B2 and was lowest in subzone I A1, while abandoned land (SA) and shrub-grassland gaps (SG) supported the richest communities. (5) β-diversity analyses indicated homogenization under extreme cold in subzone I A1 and greater turnover in warmer subzone II B2, reflecting contrasting climatic filters. The "light patches" in FG habitats and the "disturbance filtering" in LA habitats further shaped the differences in local communities. This study reveals the diversity distribution patterns and adaptation strategies of spontaneous plants in cold cities, emphasizing their integration into urban planning while addressing the dominance of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41156947,
year = {2025},
author = {Macena, M and Cruz-Lopes, L and Grosche, L and Santos-Vieira, I and Esteves, B and Pereira, H},
title = {Characterization of Lignocellulosic Byproducts from the Portuguese Forest: Valorization and Sustainable Use.},
journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {18},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {41156947},
issn = {1996-1944},
support = {2023.03677.BDANA//FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P./ ; UIDB/00681//CERNAS-IPV Research Centre/ ; UIDB/00239/2020//Forest Research Centre (CEF)/ ; },
abstract = {The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability has placed biomass as a versatile and renewable resource, while the management and disposal of forest byproducts remain a significant challenge. This study explores the valorization of forest biomass residues derived from Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, and the invasive species Acacia dealbata, with a focus on their potential application as bioadsorbents. A comprehensive physicochemical characterization was conducted for different biomass fractions (leaves, needles, and branches of varying diameters). Leaves and needles contained higher amounts of extractives (from 7.7% in acacia leaves to 18.8% in maritime pine needles) and ash (3.4 and 4.2% in acacia leaves and stone pine needles, respectively), whereas branches contained more holocellulose (from 59.6% in P. pinea small branches to 79.2% in P. pinaster large branches). ATR-FTIR and pHpzc analyses indicated compositional and surface charge differences, with higher pHpzc values in A. dealbata relative to Pinus. TG analysis showed that acacia large branches degraded at a lower temperature (320 °C) compared to Pinus species (440-450 °C). Overall, the findings highlight the suitability of these underutilized forest byproducts as bioadsorbents, contributing to the advancement of circular economy practices.},
}
@article {pmid41153879,
year = {2025},
author = {Arena, R and Manuguerra, S and Gonzalez, MM and Petrosillo, E and Lanzoni, D and Poulain, C and Debeaufort, F and Giromini, C and Francesca, N and Messina, CM and Santulli, A},
title = {Valorization of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) By-Products into Antioxidant Protein Hydrolysates for Nutraceutical Applications.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {41153879},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {Project Code (CUP): G53D23003940006, Grant Assignment No. 1048//Project CELLtoFOOD, Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) funded by the European Union/ ; grant code CN_00000033, CUP B73C22000790001//NextGenerationEU. NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center-Node 6 Biodiversity and human wellbeing/ ; },
abstract = {The Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is an opportunistic invasive species in the Mediterranean that is negatively affecting biodiversity, fisheries, and tourism. In Italy, it is appreciated for its good meat quality, but the processing yield is low (21.87 ± 2.38%), generating a significant amount of by-products (72.45 ± 4.08%), which are underutilized. Valorizing this biomass is in line with circular economy principles and can improve both environmental and economic sustainability. This study aimed to valorize Atlantic blue crab by-products (BCBP), producing protein hydrolysates and assessing their in vitro bioactivities, in order to plan applications in animal food and related sectors. BCBP hydrolysates were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase and Protamex enzymes. The treatment with Alcalase resulted in a higher degree of hydrolysis (DH = 23% in 205 min) compared to Protamex (DH = 14% in 175 min). Antioxidant activity of the hydrolisates was evaluated through DPPH, ABTS, reducing power and FRAP assays, as well as in vitro test in fibroblasts (HS-68). At 10 mg/mL, hydrolysates from both enzymes exhibited the maximum radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. In HS-68 cells, 0.5 mg/mL hydrolysates protected against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, showing a cell viability comparable to cells treated with 0.5 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), as an antioxidant. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) or Games-Howell post hoc tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Overall, both enzymes efficiently hydrolyzed BCBP proteins, generating hydrolysates with significant antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effects. These results demonstrate the potential to produce high-quality bioactive compounds from BCBPs, suitable for food, nutraceutical, and health applications. Scaling up this valorization process represents a viable strategy to improve sustainability and add economic value to the management of this invasive species, turning a problem in a resource.},
}
@article {pmid41152423,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoğurtçuoğlu, B and Tarkan, AS and Ekmekçi, FG and Kırankaya, &#x15e;G and Kurtul, I and Özcan, D and Karadal, O and Öndes, F and Türkmen, G and Sarı, HM and Haubrock, PJ and Vilizzi, L},
title = {Turkish freshwaters as a case of rising invasion risk of aquarium fishes under climate change.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {37657},
pmid = {41152423},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; *Fresh Water ; *Fishes/physiology ; Turkey ; Ecosystem ; Risk Assessment ; },
abstract = {Climate change is expected to increase the invasiveness of non-native aquarium fish, yet national assessments rarely consider future warming conditions. We screened 46 popular ornamental freshwater fish imported into Türkiye for invasion risk. Each species received a Basic Risk Assessment (BRA) score under current conditions and an adjusted Climate Change Assessment (CCA) score under regional warming scenarios. The BRA classified 12 species (26.1%) as high risk, while under the CCA, this rose to 16 species (34.8%). Four species, namely goldfish Carassius auratus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, vermiculated sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus, and leopard pleco P. gibbiceps, reached very high-risk status. Climate change adjustment resulted in an increase in the basic scores for 34 species, a decrease for three, and no change for nine. Seven species achieved the maximum increment of + 12 under predicted climate change conditions. Our results show that marginal habitats, such as thermal springs and effluent canals, could become suitable for these species, even as water stress in Central Anatolia threatens both native and invasive species. We recommend dynamic, climate-aware risk protocols, combined with empirical validation via field and eDNA monitoring, and a precautionary 'whitelist' import system based on robust risk screening protocols as applied in this study.},
}
@article {pmid41152307,
year = {2025},
author = {Sharma, A and Dixit, B and Goyal, B and Harit, R and Kumar, J and Biswas, S and Goswami, R and Pandey, KC and Emami, SN and Chakraborti, S},
title = {Olfactory gene dynamics in invasive Indian and non-invasive African malaria vectors at the crossroads of development, infection and resistance.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {37696},
pmid = {41152307},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anopheles/genetics ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; *Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; *Malaria/transmission/parasitology ; India ; *Insect Proteins/genetics ; *Smell/genetics ; Africa ; Introduced Species ; Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; },
abstract = {Olfaction plays a pivotal role in a mosquito's lifecycle, influencing vital functions such as finding food, mates, identifying hosts, and locating sites for laying eggs. However, a detailed catalog of the olfactory genes in mosquitoes has remained elusive-until now. In this study, we compiled the olfactory genes catalog for four key malaria vectors: two major Indian species, Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles culicifacies, along with two African species, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus. Using an extensive genome-wide approach, we uncovered crucial carrier proteins like odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), and several receptors, including odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and gustatory receptors (GusRs). A particularly striking discovery was the significantly higher number of OBP, OR, and IR genes in African malaria vectors compared to their Indian counterparts, hinting at the gene gain and functional diversification in these species. The invasive A. stephensi-which has spread from Asia to Africa-showed closer genetic ties to A. minimus and A. gambiae than to A. culicifacies. Furthermore, when examining the expression of CSPs and SAPs in the larval stage of A. stephensi, we found that pyrethroid-resistant mosquito larvae exhibited elevated expression of SAP2 and SAP3, providing new evidence of their potential role in insecticide resistance. This study not only sheds light on the genetic basis of mosquito olfaction but also offers crucial insights into how these genes are linked to different physiological functions, paving the way for improved malaria control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41151680,
year = {2026},
author = {Foster, R and Bateman, KS and Clark, PF and Green, MJ and Hooper, C and Ross, SH and Stebbing, P and Ward, GM and Bass, D},
title = {Morrittospora corbiculae n. gen. n. sp., a microsporidian parasite infecting the invasive Asian clam Corbicula fluminea from the River Thames, London.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {108478},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108478},
pmid = {41151680},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Corbicula/parasitology/microbiology ; *Microsporidia/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; Rivers ; },
abstract = {Microsporidia are highly diverse parasites of a broad range of eukaryotic hosts in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Freshwater diversity of microsporidia and their associations with bivalves is understudied, particularly in invasive non-native hosts. In this study we use molecular methods complemented by histopathology and transmission electron microscopy to screen native and invasive bivalve species from the River Thames for the presence of microsporidia. We reveal a novel microsporidian parasite infecting the invasive Asian clam Corbicula fluminea at a high prevalence, described in this manuscript as Morrittospora corbiculae n. gen. n. sp. Histopathology showed this parasite infects epithelial cells of C. fluminea digestive gland. Molecular and histopathology investigation also demonstrated potential spillover of infection to other co-habiting bivalve species in the River Thames. We place the newly described microsporidian lineage in a phylogenetic context and discuss the potential implications of microsporidian parasites in the spread of invasive non-native species.},
}
@article {pmid41151282,
year = {2025},
author = {Rescio, F and Scianna, C and Di Franco, A and Milisenda, G and Bava, S and Bommarito, C and Grasso, G and Guidetti, P and La Manna, G and Moro Merella, M and Calò, A},
title = {Increasing occurrence of the bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata) poses a threat for small-scale fisheries in the central Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {395},
number = {},
pages = {127773},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127773},
pmid = {41151282},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fisheries ; Mediterranean Sea ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Climate change is reshaping the distribution and abundance of marine species globally, with rising temperatures driving the spread of warm-water organisms. The Mediterranean Sea is recognized as a climate change hotspot where several warm water species are expanding, such as the bearded fireworm Hermodice carunculata, showing strong potential to become new native invaders. This trend carries important ecological and socio-economic implications, particularly for small-scale fisheries (SSF), a sector often overlooked despite its vital societal role. To investigate long-term ecological shifts, this study draws on Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) to assess changes in H. carunculata occurrence, its perceived impact on SSF, and fishers' willingness to engage in mitigation activities. Structured interviews were conducted with 120 fishers in 12 coastal locations across Italy during 2023-2024. Results revealed a geographic gradient: high fireworm occurrence in the southeast, and rare or absent sightings in the northwest. Responses indicated a progressive rise in occurrence from 1990 to 2024, highlighting the species' role in the ongoing 'meridionalization' of the Mediterranean. Set nets were identified as the most impacted gear, followed by traps and bottom longlines. This impact appears linked to the benthic nature of both the species and these static fishing gears, which are particularly susceptible to scavenging by H. carunculata. In high-impact areas, fishers, especially younger ones, expressed a strong willingness to participate in collaborative mitigation initiatives, with particular emphasis on eradication strategies. These findings offer critical insights into species dynamics and support the development of ecosystem-based, adaptive management in a warming climate.},
}
@article {pmid41151273,
year = {2025},
author = {Kjaer, EL and Hovick, TJ and Sedivec, K and Limb, RF},
title = {Invasive grass litter controls rangeland plant community dynamics.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {395},
number = {},
pages = {127755},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127755},
pmid = {41151273},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Poaceae ; *Poa ; North Dakota ; },
abstract = {Invasive species cause significant ecological impacts worldwide, affecting numerous ecosystems. In North America, changes to historic fire and grazing regimes have created an opportunity for the invasion of herbaceous plants, such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis; hereafter: "bluegrass"). Bluegrass is one of the most aggressive, non-native grasses affecting rangelands across the Great Plains, with its success potentially attributed to the build-up of a novel thatch layer and accumulation of dense litter. Management of bluegrass is complicated as strategies that reduce bluegrass abundance also impact physiologically and morphologically similar native species, creating a need to understand and target the mechanisms that promote bluegrass invasion. To determine the mechanisms behind bluegrass invasion, we monitored the influence of targeted litter and thatch removal on plant community dynamics in south-central North Dakota over 50 months. We found that bluegrass invasion negatively impacted plant species richness, evenness, and occurrence, and that once thatch and litter were removed, all community dynamics metrics increased. These impacts were primarily driven by changes in invasive litter cover and depth. However, species evenness was also influenced by live bluegrass and thatch. These results are among the first to empirically tie thatch accumulation to negative impacts on plant community dynamics. However, our results suggest that litter accumulation, not thatch, is the primary, mechanism driving bluegrass invasion. Ultimately, our results suggest that management of bluegrass should focus on actions that can impede litter formation, such as the combination of fire and grazing, that allows native plants to establish and express themselves.},
}
@article {pmid41150870,
year = {2026},
author = {Du, YZ and Chang, YW and Reitz, SR},
title = {Interspecific Interactions and Management of Three Important Invasive Leafminer Flies of Liriomyza Mik (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in China.},
journal = {Annual review of entomology},
volume = {71},
number = {1},
pages = {317-337},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-ento-121423-013536},
pmid = {41150870},
issn = {1545-4487},
mesh = {Animals ; *Diptera/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; China ; *Insect Control/methods ; },
abstract = {The genus Liriomyza Mik (Diptera: Agromyzidae) comprises a diverse group of leaf-mining flies that feed internally on plant tissues, with species ranging from host plant specialists to highly polyphagous pests. In this genus, Liriomyza trifolii, Liriomyza sativae, and Liriomyza huidobrensis have emerged as the dominant invasive species in China over the past three decades, causing extensive damage and complicating pest management efforts. Owing to having overlapping host ranges, these species frequently co-occur, resulting in intense interspecific competition and, in many cases, competitive displacement. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the invasion dynamics, species displacement processes, and ecological interactions of these three species. We highlight how interspecific competition, driven by variation in host preference, insecticide resistance, and climatic adaptability, has shaped species distributions and displacement outcomes. We also examine cryptic diversity within species, the importance of accurate diagnostics, and the limitations of current quarantine and management strategies. Finally, we discuss promising directions for integrated pest management, including the development of host plant resistance, the deployment of novel insecticides, and the application of molecular tools. By positioning Liriomyza as a model system, this review contributes to a broader understanding of invasive species ecology and offers guidance for the sustainable management of leafminers and other invasive agricultural pests.},
}
@article {pmid41149415,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, J and Chen, S and Tong, T and Yu, C},
title = {Assessment of Frozen Stored Silver Carp Surimi Gel Quality Using Synthetic Data-Driven Machine Learning (SDDML) Model.},
journal = {Gels (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {41149415},
issn = {2310-2861},
support = {NC1194 multistate project//USDA Hatch Grant/ ; },
abstract = {The invasive Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in North America represents a promising resource for surimi production; however, its gel formability deteriorates significantly during frozen storage. This study investigated the deterioration of gel properties in Silver Carp surimi over six months of frozen storage, and showed that short-term frozen storage (<2 months) was beneficial for surimi gel-forming ability, while extended frozen storage (>2 months) tended to have detrimental effects. The adverse effect of long-term frozen storage could be mitigated via using food additives (e.g., manufactured microfiber, transglutaminase, and chicken skin collagen), among which transglutaminase was the most effective. Transglutaminase at a relatively low level (0.1 wt%) could effectively negate frozen storage's effects, and produced surimi gel with quality attributes (e.g., gel strength, hardness, and chewiness) at levels comparable to those from fresh fish samples. To assess the effects of the addition of various food additives for quality improvement, a synthetic data-driven machine learning (SDDML) approach was developed. After testing multiple algorithms, the random forest model was shown to yield synthetic data points that represented experimental data characteristics the best (R[2] values of 0.871-0.889). It also produced improved predictions for gel quality attributes from control variables (i.e., additive levels) compared to using experimental data alone, showing the potential to overcome data scarcity issues when only limited experimental data are available for ML models. A synthetic dataset of 240 data points was shown to supplement the experimental dataset (60 points) well for assessment of the Frozen Silver Carp (FSC) surimi gel quality attributes. The SDDML method could be used to find optimal recipes for generating additive profiles to counteract the adverse effects of frozen storage and to improve surimi gel quality to upgrade underutilized invasive species to value-added food products.},
}
@article {pmid41148884,
year = {2025},
author = {Valdés-Díaz, S and Tuñón, R and Castillo, D and Sanchez, A and Virola-Vasquez, B and Corro, PE and Serrano-Peraza, F and Zachrisson, B and Loaiza, J and Chang, R and Chaves, LF},
title = {Ensemble Distribution Modeling of the Globally Invasive Asian Cycad Scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, 1977 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {41148884},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {EP-C-18-008/EPA/EPA/United States ; },
abstract = {Species distribution models (SDMs) have become an important tool to inform conservation and pest surveillance programs about the potential biological invasion of insect pests. Nonetheless, to be operational, SDMs need to incorporate multiple environmental covariates and a representative number of occurrence points depicting the species' ecological niche. The algorithm of choice, model of choice, and comparison can also have a great effect on the final prediction output. We created a dataset based on previously published records, plus 36 new occurrences and 37 environmental predictors, to generate the first global ensemble distribution model for Aulacaspis yasumatsui. We employed a strategy that aggregates SDMs with the best performance (i.e., greater accuracy) from six different algorithms, resulting in an averaged and weighted model, i.e., the ensemble model. We then selected models from algorithms whose true skill statistic (TSS) was above 0.5 in order to map the potential global distribution of A. yasumatsui. Our results suggest that covariate selection and the individual model algorithms used in the ensemble may be more important for achieving an accurate SDM than the number of occurrence points.},
}
@article {pmid41148869,
year = {2025},
author = {Kucuk, RA and Trendle, BR and Jones, KC and Makarenko, A and Patel, V and Oliver, KM},
title = {Ecological Mercenaries: Why Aphids Remain Premier Models for the Study of Ecological Symbiosis.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {41148869},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2240392//U.S. National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Aphids remain exceptional models for symbiosis research due to their unique experimental advantages that extend beyond documenting symbiont-mediated phenotypes. Nine commonly occurring facultative bacterial symbionts provide well-characterized benefits, including defense against parasitoids, pathogens, and thermal stress. Yet the system's greatest value lies in enabling diverse research applications across biological disciplines through experimental tractability combined with ecological realism. Researchers can create controlled experimental lines through symbiont manipulation, maintain clonal host populations indefinitely, and cultivate symbionts independently. This experimental power is complemented by extensive knowledge of symbiont dynamics in natural populations, including temporal and geographic distribution patterns-features generally unavailable in other insect-microbe systems. These advantages facilitate investigation of key processes in symbiosis, including transmission dynamics, mechanisms, strain-level functional diversity, multi-partner infections, and transitions from facultative to co-obligate relationships. Integration across biological scales-from genomics to field ecology-enables research on symbiont community assembly, ecological networks, coevolutionary arms races, and agricultural applications. This combination of experimental flexibility, comprehensive natural history knowledge, and applied relevance positions aphids as invaluable for advancing symbiosis theory while addressing practical challenges in agriculture and invasion biology.},
}
@article {pmid41148284,
year = {2025},
author = {Du, Y and Li, L and Ni, W and Shabgard, N},
title = {Invasion dynamics of super invaders: elimination of Allee effects by a strategy at the range boundary.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {91},
number = {6},
pages = {69},
pmid = {41148284},
issn = {1432-1416},
mesh = {Population Dynamics ; *Models, Biological ; Population Density ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Mathematical Concepts ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {We consider a reaction-diffusion model with free boundaries in one space dimension for a single population species with density u(t, x) and population range [g(t), h(t)]. The equations governing the evolution of the range boundary are deduced from the biological assumption that the species maintains its population density at a fixed positive level at the range boundary by advancing or retreating the fronts. Our mathematical results suggest that the Allee effects are eliminated if the species maintains its population density at suitable levels at the range boundary, namely with such a strategy at the range edge the species can invade the environment successfully with all admissible initial populations, exhibiting the dynamics of super invaders. Numerical simulations are used to help understand what happens if the population density levels at the range boundary are maintained in other ranges.},
}
@article {pmid41147760,
year = {2026},
author = {Bi, H and Liu, J and Zong, S and Chan, X and Xin, X and Yang, Y},
title = {Preventing exotic pet beetle invasion with an improved lightweight and efficient pest detection model deployed on mobile devices.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {2},
pages = {1748-1764},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70322},
pmid = {41147760},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {2315020A2020//Shanghai Customs College Scientific Research Startup Funding Project/ ; 3202088A2024//Shanghai Key Curriculum Construction Project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Insect Control/methods/instrumentation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The illegal smuggling of exotic pet beetles presents a growing threat to global ecosystems. Customs authorities play a critical role in preventing biological invasions, yet current identification methods rely heavily on expert knowledge and time-consuming laboratory analysis, which limits rapid responses at ports of entry. To address this issue, we propose EPB-YOLO-PD, a lightweight, mobile-deployable detection model for real-time recognition of exotic pet beetles. The source code is available at https://github.com/bihaojie/EPB-YOLO-PD.<br><br>RESULTS: EPB-YOLO-PD incorporates three originally designed components - the Feature Aggregation and Mixing Network (FAMNet), Multi-Scale Efficient Lightweight Optimization Network (MELON), and Partial Multi-Head Self-Attention Residual Block (C4PMS) - along with an improved detection head (CAHead), and a newly introduced loss function (Slide Loss). Structural pruning and knowledge distillation are applied to reduce model size and improve inference speed. When tested on a custom dataset of 13 intercepted species, the model achieved detection accuracies between 93.3% and 99.3%. Compared to the YOLOv11n baseline, EPB-YOLO-PD demonstrated a 2.0% increase in mAP0.5 (97.3%), a 74.04% reduction in model size (1.35&#x2009;MB), and a 65.08% decrease in computational complexity (2.2 GFLOPs). The PetBeetle Finder app, based on this model, runs at over 25 frames per second (FPS) on a Huawei Mate 40 smartphone.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: EPB-YOLO-PD offers an effective solution for real-time detection of exotic pet beetles at customs checkpoints. It enables rapid and accurate classification, effectively handling challenging scenarios such as incomplete morphological features and visually confusing backgrounds, and provides a replicable framework for intercepting other invasive species. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41144724,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Champer, SE and Haller, BC and Champer, J},
title = {Modeling Control of Invasive Fire Ants by Gene Drive.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {12},
number = {46},
pages = {e04653},
pmid = {41144724},
issn = {2198-3844},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/genetics/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Gene Drive Technology/methods ; Female ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {The fire ant Solenopsis invicta is characterized by aggressive behavior and exceptional invasive capabilities, rendering conventional control methods largely ineffective. Here, we consider homing suppression gene drive in fire ants by developing a spatially explicit model that incorporates both monogyne and polygyne colonies. Ants may present unique challenges for gene drive due to their colony structure and haplodiploidy. Results show that after an extended period of time, gene drive effectively eliminates polygyne colonies, but monogyne populations can persist at low level. Though standard suppression drives in haplodiploids have reduced power, new dominant-sterile resistance or two-target strategies, as well as drives that affect the colony structure, can restore high suppressive capability. Interspecific competition can also exert a positive effect on gene drive suppression, especially if released during an initial invasion, enabling native ants to successfully recolonize their original habitats. Further, we identified several gRNA targets in conserved female fertility genes that may support efficient, low-resistance suppression drive designs. Overall, we conclude that while gene drive in fire ants may take place over extended time scales, its long-term results, even with imperfect efficiency, are promising.},
}
@article {pmid41144466,
year = {2025},
author = {Pino-Vera, R and Abreu-Acosta, N and Foronda, P},
title = {Zoonotic bacteria in invasive California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0334944},
pmid = {41144466},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Spain ; *Zoonoses/microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; Feces/microbiology ; *Bacteria/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Humans ; *Colubridae/microbiology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Invasive species can spread pathogens to newly colonised areas and indirectly affect animals and humans. In the Canary Islands territory (Spain), the California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) is one of the most relevant invasive species because its predatory habits, however, there is scarce information about the microorganisms they carry and the risk to human health, for that reason, and considering previous data on the pathogens harboured by exotic reptiles in the archipelago, the aim of this study was to analyse the presence of pathogenic bacteria in these animals.<br><br>METHODS: Fifty L. californiae specimens from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain) were examined for zoonotic bacteria. For that purpose, faecal samples were obtained during the necropsy of the animals and inoculated in different selective agar media. If bacterial growth was observed, bacterial colonies were subjected to DNA extraction. The species were confirmed using PCR methods and band pattern comparison.<br><br>RESULTS: Almost all, 49 out of 50 (98%), of the studied animals were positive for at least one of the selected bacteria. Salmonella spp. (76.0%, 38/50), Yersinia enterocolitica (58.0%, 29/50), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.0%, 21/50), Campylobacter spp. (34.0%, 17/50) and Escherichia coli virulence genes (stx and eae) (16.0%, 8/50) were identified.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The presence of well-known zoonotic bacteria in L. californiae from Gran Canaria suppose a threat to people that use them as pets, especially children, elderly, and animal handlers, since they cause gastrointestinal symptoms that can lead to severe complications and invasive infections. In addition to that, these colubrids could also spread pathogens to other animals and the environment, adding to the notorious problem of biodiversity losses due to predation of native fauna.},
}
@article {pmid41144059,
year = {2025},
author = {Lombardo, J and Aguilo-Arce, J and Tejada, S and Gil, L and Pinya, S and Ferriol, P and Sureda, A and Compa, M},
title = {Physiological Stress Induced by an Invasive Filamentous Green Alga on a Native Sponge from a Coastal Mediterranean Lagoon (Balearic Islands).},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {51},
number = {6},
pages = {105},
pmid = {41144059},
issn = {1573-1561},
support = {BIOPRO2024-004//Govern de les Illes Balears/ ; BIOPRO2024-004//Govern de les Illes Balears/ ; BIOPRO2024-004//Govern de les Illes Balears/ ; BIOPRO2024-004//Govern de les Illes Balears/ ; BIOPRO2024-004//Govern de les Illes Balears/ ; BIOPRO2024-004//Govern de les Illes Balears/ ; PID2020-117686RB-C33//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; PID2020-117686RB-C33//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; PID2020-117686RB-C33//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; PID2020-117686RB-C33//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; TED2021-131303B-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades,Spain/ ; TED2021-131303B-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades,Spain/ ; TED2021-131303B-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades,Spain/ ; TED2021-131303B-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades,Spain/ ; CB12/03/ 30038//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; CB12/03/ 30038//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; FJC2021-047606-I//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Porifera/physiology ; *Chlorophyta/physiology ; Mediterranean Sea ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Catalase/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Metabolomics ; },
abstract = {This study reports the physiological effects of the invasive alien species Batophora occidentalis within a small lagoon in the Balearic Islands. This study aims to determine whether the presence of newly colonizing invasive macroalgae causes physiological effects on the sessile Porifera species Sarcotragus spinosulus through the application of biochemical markers and metabolomic fingerprinting. Sections of 27 different individuals were collected at three representative sites (N = 9 in each site) of varying degrees of epibiont colonisation (high, low, and absent). The activation of antioxidant enzymes for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) was observed between individuals that were highly affected by B. occidentalis in addition to the detoxification mechanism for glutathione s-transferase (GST). In terms of oxidative damage, MDA levels were found to be nonsignificant, although those individuals characterised by high epibiont colonisation reported higher levels than those in areas where B. occidentalis was not present. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the metabolomic fingerprinting of the different levels of epibiont colonisation, an indication B. occidentalis is causing changes in chemical and metabolomic characteristics in S. spinosulus. These findings highlight the need for targeted conservation strategies to mitigate the ecological impact of this invasive species in Mediterranean coastal lagoons.},
}
@article {pmid41142302,
year = {2025},
author = {Valdivia, CE and Orellana, JI and Murúa, M},
title = {Nectar robbing by the invasive bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Apidae) changes the behavior of native flower visitors of Fuchsia magellanica Lam. (Onagraceae) but not seed set.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e20253},
pmid = {41142302},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Plant Nectar/metabolism ; Bees/physiology ; *Pollination/physiology ; *Flowers/physiology ; *Seeds/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Chile ; Feeding Behavior ; },
abstract = {Mutualisms between plants and pollinators may be threatened by nectar robbers, as these animals typically consume nectar without providing the essential pollination service. In the temperate forests of Chile, the shrub Fuchsia magellanica is primarily pollinated by the hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes and the native bumblebee Bombus dahlbomii. However, some populations are also affected by nectar robbing from the invasive bumblebee Bombus terrestris. In a study evaluating 24 populations of F. magellanica, we assessed the effects of nectar robbing on nectar production, the foraging behavior of key pollinators, and the reproductive success of the plant. We measured the nectar production rate and standing crop in flowers that were either protected from visitors or exposed to them. We also observed flower visitation, the foraging behavior of pollinators, and seed sets in experimentally manipulated flowers. Results indicated that nectar robbing reduced nectar production rates by a factor of 4, and the standing crop of nectar by 2.9 times. With an increased percentage of flowers pierced by B. terrestris, the hummingbird S. sephaniodes appeared to reduce its pollinating visits, while B. terrestris increased its robbing visits. Despite these changes in pollinator behavior, there was no significant effect on the seed set. Ultimately, our findings suggest that for F. magellanica, B. terrestris does not pose a significant threat to reproduction, despite its disruptive impact on pollinator behavior.},
}
@article {pmid41140871,
year = {2025},
author = {Talamantes-Becerra, B and Chang, WS and Michie, M and Hodda, M and Hopper, M and Caron, V},
title = {RNA-seq dataset of land snails collected in Australia.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {63},
number = {},
pages = {112122},
pmid = {41140871},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {Snails are known to be host of pathogens and parasites and they can play an important role in the transmission of some parasites and pathogens, including nematodes and trematodes of medical and veterinary importance. They have a diverse diet, and can be classified as detritivores, plant feeders, or carnivores. The datasets presented here include raw RNA-seq data of 10 terrestrial land snails collected in three locations in Australia, including Northern Territory, Queensland and South Australia. The snails were identified morphologically, and RNA was extracted from whole organisms using a modified version of the Maxwell ® RSC simplyRNA Tissue Kit. The sequencing was performed in all samples and generated an average of at least 56 million paired-end reads per sample. RNA-seq raw reads and assembled transcripts including both host-derived and non-host sequences were deposited into a DRYAD repository. Assembled transcripts including only host data are also provided in this project. The dataset has reuse potential for environmental studies related to conservation biology, invasive species surveillance, disease research, educational purposes, development of bioinformatic tools for environmental transcriptomics or host-pathogen interactions. Moreover, the dataset can be used for benchmarking metatranscriptomic classification tools in non-model invertebrates.},
}
@article {pmid41140590,
year = {2025},
author = {Senphan, T and Mungmueang, N and Hoque, MS and Sriket, C and Benjakul, S and Buamard, N and Leelapongwattana, K and Nalinanon, S},
title = {Optimization of salt washing protocols for surimi production from invasive blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron): Molecular and functional properties.},
journal = {Food chemistry: X},
volume = {31},
number = {},
pages = {103127},
pmid = {41140590},
issn = {2590-1575},
abstract = {This study presents the first systematic molecular characterization and protein chemistry optimization for surimi processing from invasive blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron), introducing novel salt washing protocols. Ten treatments were evaluated including conventional washing, single/multiple salt washing (0.3-0.9 % NaCl), and pH-shifting methods. Molecular analyses (SDS-PAGE, ATR-FTIR and SEM) revealed myofibrillar protein preservation and distinct structural modifications. The optimized 0.6 % NaCl protocol achieved selective heme protein removal while preserving myofibrillar integrity, yielding superior gel chemistry (whiteness: 76.47 vs. 71.04) and highest sensory acceptance (7.33 vs. 6.40). pH-shifting enhanced protein recovery (68.59 %) but caused molecular aggregation and network disruption, reducing gel strength by 82 %. Molecular analysis demonstrated that salt washing selectively removes chromoproteins while preserving essential gel-forming proteins, whereas pH-shifting caused protein aggregation. SEM confirmed dense protein matrices in salt-washed samples versus fragmented networks in pH-treated surimi. This chemistry-guided approach transforms invasive species into functional protein ingredients.},
}
@article {pmid41140302,
year = {2025},
author = {Mulcahy, DG and Reyes-Velasco, J and Vázquez-Arce, DI and Cervantes-Pasqualli, JA and Martínez-Gómez, JE and de Queiroz, K},
title = {Anthropogenic or Natural Dispersal: Case of the Spiny-Tailed Iguanas (Ctenosaura) on Clarion Island, Mexico.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72366},
pmid = {41140302},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Clarion Island, in the Revillagigedo Archipelago off the Pacific Coast of Mexico, hosts a unique assemblage of vertebrates. Introduced species have caused significant ecological damage, and Spiny-tailed Iguanas (Ctenosaura pectinata) were assumed to have been introduced in recent times, prompting plans for eradication. To investigate the origin of the Ctenosaura population on Clarion Island, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of the Clarion Island and mainland populations using a portion of the mitochondrial DNA gene ND4. We estimated the date of divergence of the Clarion Island population from mainland Mexico populations using a relaxed-clock method. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that Clarion iguanas are sister to mainland C. brachylopha populations in northwestern Mexico, a species recently resurrected out of C. pectinata. We estimated a divergence of approximately 425,600 years ago for the Clarion population-predating human colonization of the Americas. These findings support natural dispersal, likely through rafting on vegetation mats, as the mechanism of colonization. Iguanas are well known for their ability to colonize islands, and this represents their second-longest overwater dispersal (> 1100 km); slightly greater than the distance of the Galapagos Islands from mainland Ecuador. Our findings demonstrate that Spiny-tailed Iguanas are native to Clarion Island and should be considered an integral part of the island's native fauna. Conservation plans must prioritize the protection of this population, which we identify as an evolutionarily significant unit (ESU). Further genetic sampling and analyses are needed to determine the population's genetic variation and taxonomic status. Our findings challenge prior assumptions and emphasize the need for evidence-based conservation strategies to preserve the integrity of oceanic island ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41139382,
year = {2026},
author = {Skokanová, K and Murgašová, M and Pulišová, K and Šingliarová, B},
title = {A Trojan horse inside the gates: Alien-native mating interactions in mixed populations of Solidago taxa.},
journal = {Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {261-271},
pmid = {41139382},
issn = {1438-8677},
support = {VEGA 2/0024/23//Vedeck&#xe1; Grantov&#xe1; Agent&#xfa;ra M&#x160;VVa&#x160; SR a SAV/ ; APVV-19-0134//Agent&#xfa;ra na Podporu V&#xfd;skumu a V&#xfd;voja/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Solidago/genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Seedlings/genetics/physiology ; Seeds/genetics/physiology ; Pollen/genetics/physiology ; },
abstract = {The establishment and possible impacts of alien-native hybrids depend on their formation frequency and ability to spread using generative and vegetative reproduction. Here, we investigated the frequency and pathways of hybrid Solidago ×niederederi formation and its subsequent mating interactions with parental species in mixed populations of invasive alien S. canadensis and native S. virgaurea. DAPI flow cytometry was used for progeny screening (991 seedlings) of the 15 plants from two mixed populations to document their mating interactions based on previously shown differences in relative genome size of the studied taxa. Seedlings of presumed hybrid origin (F1 hybrids) were formed at low frequency (up to 3%) by both S. canadensis and S. virgaurea. About 46% of germinating seeds produced by S. ×niederederi plants represented later hybrid generations. Backcrossing of S. ×niederederi with parental species within the mixed populations was thus intense, but its frequency differed in direction: backcrossing was less frequent with S. virgaurea as pollen donor (<8%), while there was a strong asymmetric pattern towards S. ×niederederi backcrossing with S. canadensis as the pollen donor (almost 47%). Furthermore, the formation of tri- and tetrapolyploid seedlings within the progeny of the two hybrid plants was recorded. Hybridisation and introgression appear to be established in mixed populations of S. canadensis, S. virgaurea and S. ×niederederi. These post-invasion processes might later be mirrored in the spreading success of descendants of the invasive species and genetic erosion of the native species. Therefore, their pathways, extent and consequences require further attention.},
}
@article {pmid41139195,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, H and Ye, A and Liu, S and Qi, S and Ren, G and Dai, Z and Li, Y and Du, D},
title = {Insights into the ecological mechanisms of Conyza canadensis invasion in heavy metal-contaminated soil.},
journal = {Planta},
volume = {262},
number = {6},
pages = {128},
pmid = {41139195},
issn = {1432-2048},
support = {32201297//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32171509//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32401311//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 11130900123008//Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Research Foundation/ ; 11130300123005//Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Research Foundation/ ; 23KJB180003//Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China/ ; KY-A-07//Special Research Project of School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; Soil Microbiology ; *Metals, Heavy/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; *Conyza/physiology/microbiology/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; Cadmium/metabolism ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; Lead/metabolism ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Soil nutrients and associated bacterial shifts revealed that positive plant-soil feedback enables Conyza canadensis to colonize metal-contaminated soil. The identified thresholds provide guidance for effective weed management under environmental stress. Invasion by non-native plants can trigger a self-promoting mechanism that facilitates their invasion by affecting soil nutrients and microbiota. Notably, the invasive Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist tends to colonize metal-contaminated areas. This study investigated how its progressive invasion affected abiotic and biotic properties in cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-contaminated soil. Different invasion stages were simulated by varying the relative densities of C. canadensis and the non-invasive Lactuca indica Linn. Both abiotic and biotic components were significantly altered as the invasion intensity increased. Along the invasion gradient of C. canadensis, the soil contents of total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and soil organic matter (SOM), the structure of soil bacterial communities, and the accumulation of heavy metals in plant roots were altered. The relative abundances of key bacterial taxa associated with nutrient cycling, such as the phyla Gemmatimonadota and Planctomycetota, and the families Gemmatimonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, were shifted. Importantly, critical thresholds for abrupt nutrient shifts were identified through the discontinuous changes of AK and AP when C. canadensis invasion levels reached 38% and 48%, respectively. These nutrient thresholds coincided with shifts in the relative abundance of bacterial taxa involved in nutrient cycling, such as Micrococcaceae (OTU68) and Solibacteraceae (OTU208). The triggering of changes in the abiotic and biotic components of the soil system may represent crucial functional traits that promote positive feedbacks to increase the invasiveness of C. canadensis. These interactions support the ecological dynamics and successful colonization of C. canadensis in heavy metal-contaminated soil, and the identified invasion thresholds can provide guidance for effective weed management under environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid41138460,
year = {2025},
author = {Mourouzidou, S and Mola, M and Ceriani, A and Papakostas, S and Sena-Vélez, M and Papatheodorou, EM and Montagnoli, A and Morabito, D and Monokrousos, N},
title = {Adding invasive alien plant-derived biochar and stinging nettle powder in Populus nigra phytoremediation of arsenic- and lead-contaminated Technosol alters microbial community assembly and network stability.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1004},
number = {},
pages = {180693},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180693},
pmid = {41138460},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Charcoal/chemistry ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis/metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Populus/metabolism ; *Lead/metabolism/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Arsenic/analysis/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; Microbiota ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods ; France ; },
abstract = {This study examined the effects of biochar and nettle Urtica dioica amendments on microbial diversity and community assembly in a historically contaminated Technosol collected from a former silver‑lead mine in Pontgibaud (Puy-de-Dôme, France). We investigated how two types of biochar obtained from the biomass pyrolysis of two invasive alien plant species (Ailanthus altissima and Solidago gigantea) at different doses (2 % vs 5 %), alone and in combination with stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) powder inputs that influence the soil's microbial community structure under controlled phytoremediation conditions using Populus nigra. We integrated niche theory and network analysis to examine how these amendments alter community-level cohesion and resilience under heavy metal stress, with implications for phytoremediation. We found that a 5 % biochar dose imposed stronger environmental pressure compared to a 2 % dose, resulting in a significant increase in soil alkalinity and electrical conductivity (EC). In amended soils, bacterial community assembly was primarily driven by stochastic processes, mainly due to dispersal. Fungal communities, in contrast, exhibited reduced stochasticity, particularly under the 5 % biochar-Solidago treatments. Furthermore, bacteria expanded their niche width, whereas fungi shifted toward specialist-dominated, narrower niches with greater overlap. The biochar co-application with stinging nettle increased network complexity for both microbial groups; however, the bacterial network responded with higher modularity and more negative links, while the fungal networks were non-modular and exhibited increased positive feedback loops. Network robustness analysis revealed that bacterial networks remained more stable under perturbation across all treatments, whereas fungal networks were more sensitive to hub node loss. Our findings suggest that both the concentration and type of biochar, as well as the presence of Urtica dioica amendment, distinctly affect microbial communities and should be carefully considered in designing optimal application regimes and strategies for soil remediation.},
}
@article {pmid41138421,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, Z and Zhang, X and Chen, S and Wang, Y and Zhang, C and Yuan, F and Hao, Z},
title = {Spartina alterniflora alters characteristics and controlling factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal wetland sediments.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {499},
number = {},
pages = {140180},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140180},
pmid = {41138421},
issn = {1873-3336},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Geologic Sediments/chemistry/analysis ; *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis ; *Poaceae/metabolism ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Distribution, sources, and controlling factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Yancheng coastal wetlands under the invasion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) were explored, PAHs concentrations in sediment ranged from 43.02 to 154.51 ng g[-][1] dw. Source apportionment revealed that traffic emissions and combustion were the primary contributors to PAHs contamination, with a minor portion originating from petroleum. The comparison across different habitats indicated that S. alterniflora directly promoted the accumulation of PAHs, and this effect increased with time. Conversely, after S. alterniflora removal, PAHs were reduced (with a 20.57 % reduction). Moreover, S. alterniflora also changed the physicochemical properties, especially fine particles. Correlation and linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between physicochemical properties and PAHs, highlighting their important influence on PAHs distribution. By modifying these properties, S. alterniflora indirectly increased PAHs accumulation, with total organic carbon (TOC) as the primary controlling factor. These results indicated that the control of S. alterniflora could not only mitigate the issue of invasive species, but also modify the sediment physicochemical properties and reduce PAHs contamination. These findings provided a scientific basis for dual-effect management and remediation strategies, supporting the simultaneous remediation of S. alterniflora invasion and PAHs pollution in coastal wetlands.},
}
@article {pmid41134804,
year = {2025},
author = {Si, Q and Hu, J and Hua, Z and Wang, J and Ji, M and Xu, G and Wu, B and Zhang, Y},
title = {Mechanisms of multi-species mealybug invasions in Hainan Island of China: Integrating niche, distribution, and habitat drivers.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0333679},
pmid = {41134804},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; China ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; Islands ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Mealybugs, highly invasive pests causing global agricultural damage, threaten China's tropical Hainan Island-a critical biosecurity zone. This study investigates spatial patterns, interspecific interactions, and environmental drivers of 15 invasive mealybug species using integrated ecological niche modeling (Maxent), niche/range overlap analyses, Joint Species Distribution Models (JSDM), and Structural Equation Models (SEM). Our research revealed that a strong coastal-inland richness gradient emerged, where humid tropical climates and monoculture plantations supported 11-15 species in eastern coasts, whereas topographic complexity limited invasions to 0-5 species in forested mountains. In parallel, high niche overlap (I ≥ 0.67) among species reflected climate-mediated thermal tolerance and habitat-driven broad host preferences. Range overlap patterns diverged: high-overlap pairs (e.g., Planococcus minor and Paracoccus marginatus, I > 0.8) coexisted via adaptation to 24-28°C and generalist hosts, whereas low-overlap pairs (e.g., Icerya purchasi and Phenacoccus nigra, I = 0.37) segregated through host specificity. Mechanistically, JSDM confirmed these patterns, revealing competitive exclusion where resource overlap and thermal adaptation divergence occurred (e.g., P. marginatus vs. Dysmicoccus brevipes), versus coexistence promoted by host specialization (e.g., Ceroplastes psidii's rubber tree specificity versus P. marginatus's generalism), reproductive strategy divergence (parthenogenesis vs. seasonal outbreaks), and external environmental factors. Ultimately, SEM analyses and Linear regression identified significant positive correlations between habitat conditions and species suitability (R[2] = 0.71, p < 0.001), with habitat type as the dominant driver (total effect = 0.48), where climate and topography indirectly regulated suitability through habitat characteristics (e.g., elevation, latitude) while pest-infested areas directly enhanced suitability (path coefficient = 0.24). Our research framework elucidates multi-species invasion assembly mechanisms, new insights and theoretical support for the management of 15 invasive mealybug species, providing a solid foundation for optimizing future species distribution models, and validating the methodological value of integrated modeling (JSDM-SEM) in disentangling invasion complexities.},
}
@article {pmid41133314,
year = {2025},
author = {Obame-Nkoghe, J and Niangui, BG and Ondo-Oyono, A and Moudoumi Kondji, F and Longo-Pendy, NM and Okomo Nguema, Y and Nkoghe-Nkoghe, LC and Ngangue, MF and Otomo, PV and Kengne, P and Paupy, C},
title = {Standardized Bioassays to Better Understand the Invasion Dynamics of the Global Arbovirus Vector Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Current protocols},
volume = {5},
number = {10},
pages = {e70240},
pmid = {41133314},
issn = {2691-1299},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/virology/physiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology/physiology ; *Biological Assay/methods/standards ; Female ; *Arboviruses ; Arbovirus Infections/transmission ; *Introduced Species ; Larva ; Oviposition ; },
abstract = {The global spread of the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus has become a major public health concern. In tropical regions, competitive interactions with native species such as Aedes aegypti may have influenced its invasive success. Understanding the bioecological drivers behind its establishment and spread is crucial for informing targeted control measures. Here, we propose experimental settings, based on life history traits, to elucidate the factors that allow Ae. albopictus to colonize new environments, outcompete native species, expand geographically, and ultimately subject invaded regions to risks of arbovirus diseases. To this effect, we designed a series of Basic Protocols listed below. Each protocol simulates environmental conditions in which Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti coexist, allowing comparison of their bioecological responses and adaptability to shared resources. The validated results, showing the reproducibility of these methods, provide a foundation for evidence-based strategies to mitigate the public health risks posed by the spread of Ae. albopictus in invaded territories. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Support Protocol: Essential preliminary procedures Basic Protocol 1: Evaluation of larval habitat occupancy rates Basic Protocol 2: Evaluation of the female oviposition rate and reproductive potential Basic Protocol 3: Evaluation of embryonic kinetics Basic Protocol 4: Evaluation of hatching rate Basic Protocol 5: Evaluation of longevity.},
}
@article {pmid41132806,
year = {2025},
author = {Xie, X and Ma, T and Chen, Y and Zhuo, J and Chen, S and Kang, T and Hao, M and Ding, F and Jiang, D},
title = {Modeling the Potential Invasion Risk of Ageratina adenophora in China From an Ecological Suitability Perspective.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72392},
pmid = {41132806},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species like Ageratina adenophora significantly threaten biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and economic resources in China. This study assesses the current and future potential invasion risk of A. adenophora across China, focusing on the provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Guangxi-areas identified as highly susceptible to invasion. Utilizing both climate and human activity data, our results reveal that population density and temperature seasonality are dominant national-scale factors that affect the invasion risk of A. adenophora, while regional drivers exhibit significant variation. Projections show a northward and altitudinal shift in invasion risk by the 2060s, highlighting new potential invasion hotspots driven by future changes in climate and human activities. These findings underscore the importance of region-specific management strategies and establish a foundation for adaptive measures to mitigate the ecological and economic impacts of A. adenophora.},
}
@article {pmid41131726,
year = {2025},
author = {Cooper, RD and Messerman, AF and Searcy, CA and Toffelmier, E and Grether, GF and Shaffer, HB},
title = {Building genomically-informed demographic models to guide management of invasive hybrids.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {7},
pages = {e70116},
pmid = {41131726},
issn = {1939-5582},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Models, Biological ; *Ambystoma/genetics/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; California ; Bayes Theorem ; },
abstract = {Invasive species present one of the most challenging threats to native biodiversity, particularly when they hybridize with imperiled native taxa. In California, hybridization between the endangered California tiger salamander ("CTS," Ambystoma californiense) and the invasive barred tiger salamander ("BTS," Ambystoma mavortium) is one of the best understood examples of this management challenge. Reclusive life history and cryptic hybridization, often on private land, render eradication programs difficult or impossible. This study evaluates hydroperiod management as a tool to conserve and maintain native CTS populations threatened by hybridization. We adapt a recent, empirically informed Bayesian integral projection model (IPM) for CTS to incorporate new results that link genotype and ecology to fitness, and use this individual-based model to evaluate alternative management scenarios. We found overwhelming support for the importance of hydrology in both native and hybrid populations, where a 10-day increase in hydroperiod can increase population growth rate (λ $$ \uplambda $$) 17% and triple the carrying-capacity (K). We assess hydroperiod management as a strategy to control and contain hybrid introgression, and suggest a three-pronged strategy. First, for native populations not at risk of hybridization, hydroperiod should be increased to >120 days to support robust populations. Second, within the geographic hybrid zone, hydroperiod should be reduced to limit hybrid populations, maintain vernal pool function, and improve the efficiency of adult hybrid removal. Finally, our models indicate that managers should combine hydroperiod management with rapid field-based genotyping and hybrid removal, focusing on ponds where hybrids are rare, typically at the leading edge of the hybrid swarm. Efforts should also prioritize high-intensity surveys and early removal as opposed to long-duration (10+ years), lower effort surveys. This study demonstrates the value of integrating demographic, genetic, and ecological information to evaluate strategies for endangered species management, and may serve as modeling framework for a wide variety of imperiled species.},
}
@article {pmid41131721,
year = {2026},
author = {Jesus, JG and Gonçalves, F and Clemente, A and Trindade, H},
title = {Do culturable seed endophyte communities differ between native and invasive Fabaceae sharing the same habitat?.},
journal = {Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {249-260},
pmid = {41131721},
issn = {1438-8677},
support = {UIDB/00329/2020//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia/ ; UIDB/00329/2025//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia/ ; },
mesh = {*Endophytes/physiology/genetics ; *Seeds/microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Fabaceae/microbiology ; *Acacia/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Biodiversity ; Fungi/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Bacteria/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species threaten ecosystems by decreasing biodiversity and altering their functioning. Recent findings suggest that endophytes play a crucial role in germination and early seedling development, which may enhance plant invasion success. This study aimed to characterize the culturable seed endophytes of invasive Acacia spp. and coexisting Portuguese native Fabaceae (Erophaca baetica, Genista triacanthos, Retama monosperma, Stauracanthus genistoides and Ulex jussiaei) within two habitats: Dune and Forest. We compared seed microbial endophytes, their richness, diversity, and functional traits. Microbial communities were obtained through classical microbiology, followed by 16S rRNA and ITS region sequencing for identification. The most relevant functional traits were predicted using FAPROTAX and FungalTraits. A total of 150 isolates, 99 bacterial and 51 fungal, were identified. A distinct clustering of microbial communities was observed in Dune and Forest, indicating environment dependency. Invasive Acacia spp. had the richer and more diverse culturable microbiomes when compared with native species, acquiring a subset of microbial partners shared with natives. In Dune habitat, there was higher similarity of seed endophyte communities between Acacia and native plants than in Forest. Functional traits were more diverse in invasive than in native species, especially for bacteria; fungi had functions complementary to bacteria in all plant species. General functions were related to metabolism, biocontrol and hormonal growth promotion, which are beneficial traits that enhance germination. This study highlights the ability of Acacia spp. to acquire locally beneficial endophytes in invaded areas, which may enhance their invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid41130802,
year = {2026},
author = {Cahill, PL and Hopkins, GA and Ruiz, GM and Davidson, IC},
title = {Transforming marine pest control for the 21st century.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {41},
number = {1},
pages = {18-26},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.10.001},
pmid = {41130802},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {Animals ; *Pest Control/methods/trends ; *Introduced Species ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Oceans and Seas ; },
abstract = {Eradication and control of invasive pests in the sea is poorly developed. Advancing beyond cumbersome, inefficient, and often manual removal of marine pests will require ambition and innovation. We outline key steps to enable effective marine pest control and eradication by (i) building upon strategic and tactical approaches used in successful terrestrial pest control campaigns, and (ii) developing a toolbox of effective and scalable marine pest-control methods. To overcome widespread defeatism, we advocate that marine biosecurity risk-benefit decision making should favor action to build knowledge and confidence of how to drive pest populations into decline. These are achievable steps toward stronger marine biosecurity systems that can expand our capacity to eliminate or reduce pest populations and their negative impacts.},
}
@article {pmid41130060,
year = {2025},
author = {de Araújo, FV and Amaral, WG and Barroso, GM and Pinheiro, AC and Dos Santos, JB and Pereira, IM},
title = {Overcoming barriers to invasive grasses: strategies for restoring native vegetation in the Atlantic forest with direct seeding.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {395},
number = {},
pages = {127737},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127737},
pmid = {41130060},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Herbicides ; *Poaceae ; *Introduced Species ; *Forests ; Glyphosate ; Glycine/analogs &amp; derivatives ; },
abstract = {Invasive grasses such as Urochloa decumbens pose a significant obstacle to forest restoration by preventing the establishment of native species. Direct seeding offers a cost-effective, biodiversity-enhancing alternative to conventional restoration methods. However, this technique depends on the effective suppression of invasive grasses to create favorable conditions for germination and growth. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of herbicides (glyphosate, haloxyfop, and trifluralin) and mechanical methods (Harrowing and Mowing) in controlling U. decumbens and facilitating native species establishment through direct seeding. Glyphosate achieved the highest reduction in U. decumbens cover (up to 90 %), followed by trifluralin (45 %), while haloxyfop and mechanical methods showed limited effectiveness, due to rapid regrowth within 30 days. Glyphosate and trifluralin increased herbaceous cover and exposed soil, whereas mechanical treatments promoted the presence of invasive plants. All treatments improved native seedling emergence and survival compared to the untreated control. Glyphosate also enhanced plant height and crown diameter. These findings show that herbicide use, when adjusted to restoration goals, effectively controls U. decumbens. In contrast, mechanical methods face limitations due to the rapid regrowth of the invasive grass. This study underscores the need for restoration-specific guidelines that balance invasive species control with ecological sustainability to improve forest recovery outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid41130058,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, J and Cui, L and Zhuo, Z and Tian, J and Li, P and Min, Y and Ke, Y},
title = {Rapid change in structural stability of tidal flats in response to large-scale eradication of Spartina alterniflora: evidence from dense time-series PlanetScope satellite imagery.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {395},
number = {},
pages = {127652},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127652},
pmid = {41130058},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; China ; Satellite Imagery ; *Poaceae ; Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The invasion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) has significantly affected coastal wetland ecosystems globally. In China, a nationwide eradication campaign has been launched, aiming to remove 90 % of the species by 2025. While S. alterniflora enhances sedimentation and prevents tidal flats from erosion, how these stabilizing effects may alter and what geomorphic impacts may arise following its large-scale removal remain unclear. This study investigates the impacts of S. alterniflora removal on the structural stability of tidal flats in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), where ∼5500 ha had been invaded since 2008 and over 90 % was removed by 2021. Using dense time-series, high-resolution PlanetScope imagery from 2019 to 2023, we developed a Tidal Flat Structural Stability Index (TFSSI) that integrates multiple indicators, including tidal inundation frequency (IF), land-to-water conversion frequency (CF), tidal channel morphology, and shoreline change. By comparing these indicators before and after removal across three zones with different invasion histories, we found that Zones A and B-both heavily invaded-exhibited rapid and pronounced changes following removal. These included significant increases in IF and CF, substantial expansion in channel number, length, and width in Zone B, artificial ditch excavation in Zone A, accelerated shoreline retreat, and marked declines in TFSSI in both zones. In contrast, Zone C, which experienced minimal invasion, remained relatively stable throughout the study period. The results demonstrate that large-scale S. alterniflora removal can rapidly disrupt hydrological regimes and intensify geomorphic processes, potentially reducing tidal flat resilience. This study provides critical insights for balancing invasive species management with the long-term structural stability and restoration of coastal wetlands.},
}
@article {pmid41129653,
year = {2025},
author = {Thakur, MP and Gu, Z and van Kleunen, M and Zhou, X},
title = {Invasion impacts in terrestrial ecosystems: Global patterns and predictors.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {390},
number = {6771},
pages = {381-385},
doi = {10.1126/science.adq3101},
pmid = {41129653},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Soil ; Plants ; Greenhouse Gases ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions can alter ecosystems, yet their impacts vary across ecological contexts. Using a global meta-analysis of 775 studies (2223 effect sizes) in terrestrial systems, we show that the most consistent negative impacts are reductions in native plant diversity caused by invasive plants and increases in greenhouse gas emissions driven by both invasive plants and animals. However, evidence of publication bias suggests the latter should be interpreted with caution. Invader residence time emerged as a key predictor: Longer residence times intensified the negative effects of invasive plants on native diversity, whereas impacts on soil abiotic properties tended to weaken over time. Our synthesis reveals that some properties, such as native plant diversity, remain persistently sensitive to invasion, whereas others are more variable as invasions persist.},
}
@article {pmid41129360,
year = {2026},
author = {Guillén, YG and Vences-Blanco, MO and Meraz-Medina, T and Antillón-Navarro, MDS and Martínez-Ibarra, JA},
title = {Feeding and defecation behavior of two populations of Triatoma longipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) from Central Mexico.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjaf151},
pmid = {41129360},
issn = {1938-2928},
mesh = {Animals ; *Triatoma/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Mexico ; *Defecation ; Feeding Behavior ; *Insect Vectors/physiology ; Nymph/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Chagas Disease/transmission ; Female ; },
abstract = {Chagas disease is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Mexico. Triatoma longipennis (Usinger. 1939) is one of the most epidemiologically important vector species of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909), the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This study reports the third collection of T. longipennis from the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. This paper evaluates and compares feeding and defecation behaviors for each instar of two populations of T. longipennis recently detected in Hidalgo, Mexico. No significant differences were noted between the two populations in the mean time to initiate feeding (immediate "attack"), feeding times (> 10 min), and defecation delay (when feeding or immediately after feeding: 77% to 99% vs 84.5% to 100%). These observed behaviors in the two populations of T. longipennis from Hidalgo align with the characteristics of an effective transmitter of T. cruzi. Given these results, the recently detected populations of T. longipennis could be considered significant potential vectors of T. cruzi to human populations and may replace key triatomine species within their new distribution area.},
}
@article {pmid41127958,
year = {2026},
author = {Ayi, Q and Zhang, X and Pedersen, O and van Bodegom, PM and Xia, F and Wang, Q and He, B and Zeng, B and Cornelissen, JHC},
title = {High-density nodal diaphragms in stems slow down, but do not obstruct, longitudinal oxygen diffusion during partial submergence.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {77},
number = {4},
pages = {1267-1278},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf468},
pmid = {41127958},
issn = {1460-2431},
support = {2023YFF1305204//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; U22A20448//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31800331//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31400480//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31770465//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CSTB2025NSCQ-LZX0032//Chongqing Natural Science Foundation/ ; SWU-KT23001//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Stems/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Oxygen/metabolism ; *Amaranthaceae/physiology/metabolism/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology ; Diffusion ; Floods ; Biological Transport ; },
abstract = {The species Alternanthera philoxeroides is a flood-tolerant plant that has to cope with the hypoxic stress under submergence. However, the pith cavity in stems of this species is interrupted and partitioned by low-porosity diaphragms at the nodes. To date little knowledge is available about whether discontinuous pith cavities are functional for internal gas transport in plants. To disclose the role of stem discontinuous pith cavities in internal gas transport, the diffusive transport capacity of O2, the tissue O2 status of intact plants, and the influence of restricting longitudinal O2 supply on whole-plant growth during partial submergence were assessed. We found that stem pith cavities were the main pathway for diffusional supply of molecular O2; blocking only one internode significantly decreased the O2 flux to lower internodes, and the reduced O2 flux translated into reduced growth in partially submerged plants. A major output component of the study is a model that uses normalized tissue dimensions and concentration gradients to establish a fair foundation for comparison of contrasting species under different experimental conditions. We therefore predict that future studies will use this approach to further broaden the scope and value of resistance and flux measurement in target species.},
}
@article {pmid41126002,
year = {2025},
author = {Tzuc-Dzul, JC and Garcia-Rejon, JE and Cigarroa-Toledo, N and Chi-Chim, WA and Baak-Baak, CM},
title = {The First National Record of the Invasive Mosquito Aedes vittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mexico, a Threat to Public Health in Continental America.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {112},
pmid = {41126002},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {CF-2023-I-678//Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog&#xed;a/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/classification ; Mexico ; *Introduced Species ; Female ; *Mosquito Vectors ; Public Health ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Aedes (Fredwardsius) vittatus (Bigot) has a native geographical distribution that encompasses tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean region of Europe. In its native range, this mosquito species is a potential vector of the dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Currently, Ae. vittatus is reported in the Caribbean countries of Cuba, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic. We report the discovery of one female Ae. vittatus captured on September 11, 2024, in X-Calakoop, located near a major tourist site in Yucatán. Additionally, 11 mosquito species were found: Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Aedes bimaculatus Coquillett, Aedes cozumelensis Díaz Nájera, Aedes podographicus Dyar &amp; Knab, Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Culex coronator Dyar &amp; Knab, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, Haemagogus mesodentatus Komp &amp; Kumm, Limatus durhamii Theobald, and Toxorhynchites moctezuma (Dyar &amp; Knab). Notably, Ae. albopictus was the most abundant mosquito in the collection, accounting for 77.5% of the adults and 78.66% of the immature stages. The identification of Ae. vittatus in Mexico represents the first record of this species for continental America. The discovery represents the 252nd species in the country and 49th in Yucatán. The increase in the distribution pattern may have implications for public health in tropical America.},
}
@article {pmid41125977,
year = {2025},
author = {Johnson, AE and Cornell, A and Zhu, F and Shay, AE and Davis, G and Hoover, K},
title = {Sequestration of plant defenses by spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) and effects on avian predators.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {51},
number = {6},
pages = {102},
pmid = {41125977},
issn = {1573-1561},
support = {PEN04755//USDA NIFA McIntire-Stennis Grant/ ; PEN04755//USDA NIFA McIntire-Stennis Grant/ ; 2019-51181-30014//USDA NIFA SCRI Grant CAP Award/ ; 2019-51181-30014//USDA NIFA SCRI Grant CAP Award/ ; C940001077//Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Grant/ ; C940001077//Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Grant/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Predatory Behavior ; Nymph/physiology ; *Ailanthus/chemistry/metabolism ; *Songbirds/physiology ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; },
abstract = {Lycorma delicatula is a polyphagous phloem feeder, which is spreading rapidly in the U.S., and is a major threat to grapes, hops, and ornamentals. Among its hosts, L. delicatula prefers Ailanthus altissima, an invasive tree from which it sequesters toxins, including several quassinoid compounds. We tested how these defenses affected predation by birds of nymphal and adult L. delicatula. Freeze-killed nymphs of each instar were reared with or without access to A. altissima and placed into cups on top of nest boxes occupied by house wrens (Troglodytes aedon). House wrens ate or fed their chicks a greater proportion of L. delicatula nymphs that had not had access to A. altissima than the nymphs that had access to this host plant. Adult L. delicatula reared with or without access to A. altissima were ground up and incorporated into separate batches of suet that were placed into double sided feeders set up at different sites during the winter. Trail camera video was reviewed to record how many times birds pecked each suet cake. Birds pecked the suet containing L. delicatula reared without access to A. altissima significantly more frequently than the suet containing adults that had fed on A. altissima. Of the quassinoids sequestered by L. delicatula from phloem sap of A. altissima, ailanthone and four other quassinoids were identified and quantified in different tissues, with the highest concentrations in the salivary glands. Results suggest that sequestration of toxic chemicals from A. altissima provides some protection to L. delicatula from avian predators.},
}
@article {pmid41125914,
year = {2025},
author = {Al-Bakre, DA},
title = {Modeling the invasive potential of the opuntia cactus in arid ecosystems by assessing current and future distribution trends.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {36991},
pmid = {41125914},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Opuntia/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Saudi Arabia ; Soil/chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Desert Climate ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species threaten biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and agricultural productivity by outcompeting native flora and altering ecological processes. Opuntia ficus-indica is a highly invasive species that has established itself across arid and semi-arid regions due to its resilience to extreme environmental conditions and rapid vegetative propagation. This study employs ecological niche modeling (ENM) with MaxEnt to assess the current and future distribution of O. ficus-indica in Saudi Arabia. Occurrence records were compiled from field surveys, literature, and biodiversity databases. Occurrence records were compiled from field surveys, literature, and global biodiversity databases. Nineteen bioclimatic, ten soil, and three topographic variables were initially selected, and six key predictors were retained after multicollinearity reduction and Jackknife testing. Model performance was validated using the area under the curve (AUC) and partial ROC to ensure predictive accuracy. The most influential environmental predictors shaping its distribution were maximum temperature of the warmest month (bio5), NDVI, precipitation of the wettest month (bio14), mean temperature of the warmest quarter (bio10), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil pH. The results indicate that the current distribution of O. ficus-indica is concentrated in southwestern Saudi Arabia, particularly in regions with moderate precipitation and temperature. Future climate projections (SSP245 and SSP585) suggest a northward and inland expansion, with increasing habitat suitability in Najran, Al Qassim, and central Riyadh, while certain highly suitable areas in the southwest may decline due to extreme warming. These findings highlight the potential ecological risks posed by climate-driven invasion and underscore the need for proactive management strategies. Integrated control measures, including mechanical removal, biological control, habitat restoration, and policy interventions, are recommended to mitigate its spread. This study provides a scientific basis for policymakers and conservationists to develop effective invasion management plans, ensuring the protection of native ecosystems in the face of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid41125600,
year = {2025},
author = {Pabst, R and Sousa, CA and Essl, F and García-Rodríguez, A and Liu, D and Lenzner, B and Schertler, A and Zêzere, JL and Capinha, C},
title = {Global invasion patterns and dynamics of disease vector mosquitoes.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {9127},
pmid = {41125600},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; *Culicidae/physiology/classification ; Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Mosquitoes are major vectors of human diseases, and their geographic expansion is primarily driven by the unintentional, human mediated introduction beyond their native ranges. Despite the substantial public health implications and rising numbers of disease outbreaks, a global picture of the introduction trends and the resulting range expansions of mosquitoes is missing. Here, we present a comprehensive and up-to-date compilation and analysis of reported first records of human disease vector mosquitoes worldwide. We show that 45 mosquito species (~25% of those known to transmit human pathogens) have been introduced worldwide, with 28 species having established in at least one region. From the 1950's onwards, the introduction of new species has increased sharply, with 12 species recorded for the first time outside their native range since 2000 alone. Initially, most introduced species were native to Africa, but over time, Asian species have become more dominant. North America, Australia and Europe remain the main recipients. Our results highlight the role of global trade and transportation in mosquito spread and emphasizes the need for international cooperation to control their spread and potential threat to public health.},
}
@article {pmid41124535,
year = {2025},
author = {Pinto, HA and Melo, AL and Mati, VLT},
title = {Crossing the health misinformation crisis: Lessons from the giant hammerhead flatworm.},
journal = {Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {e02122025},
pmid = {41124535},
issn = {1678-9849},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Brazil ; *Platyhelminths/classification ; *Communication ; Mass Media ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {We examined the recent surge in misinformation surrounding giant hammerhead flatworms (Bipaliinae, primarily Bipalium kewense), which has generated widespread confusion across multiple countries regarding their risks to human health. Prompted by a routine taxonomic identification, this study aims to restore scientific accuracy and address the growing disconnect between science and the public concerning these worms, which have become an Internet sensation. In late 2023, we were asked to identify specimens collected in Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, that had already attracted considerable online and regional media attention, warning of a "new, invasive, and dangerous worm" and its supposed threats. After confirming the species was B. kewense, we reviewed the literature, constructed a timeline of scientific and media reports, and compared information retrieved from Google News and Google Scholar. Our findings indicate that while academic research on invasive species has steadily increased, sensationalized and often inaccurate content on hammerhead worms proliferated in the general media, particularly between 2017 and 2018. Notably, claims (2023-2024) regarding the toxicity of Bipalium spp. lack scientific support. This case illustrates the broader challenges of health misinformation in the digital age, where misleading narratives rapidly transcend countries and languages. We discuss potential drivers, including communication gaps between academia and the public, the influence of media and social networks, and behavioral factors underlying misinformation. Finally, we highlight the urgent need for innovative strategies and coordinated efforts to strengthen online science communication and ensure the dissemination of accurate information.},
}
@article {pmid41124138,
year = {2025},
author = {Bennett, JA and Elshamy, O and Trefiak, M and Wasan, JP},
title = {Fertilizer and fungicide reduce herbicide efficacy and enhance growth of invasive common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare).},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0333818},
pmid = {41124138},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Herbicides/pharmacology ; *Fertilizers ; *Introduced Species ; *Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology ; *Tanacetum/growth &amp; development/drug effects/microbiology ; Mycorrhizae/drug effects ; Biomass ; },
abstract = {Common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare; Asteraceae) is a widespread invasive species in North America that threatens biodiversity and agricultural productivity by displacing resident vegetation. Combined with being unpalatable, it can be toxic and thus poses significant challenges for the livestock industry. Current tansy control strategies are largely chemical and rely on a suite of synthetic auxin herbicides. The need for reapplication may lead to resistance development in addition to significant biodiversity losses. Recent work suggests that invasive Asteraceae may rely on symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to give them a competitive advantage. We hypothesized that suppressing AMF would reduce tansy growth and reduce reliance on more damaging herbicides. Fungicides and fertilizers, known to suppress AMF, may be potential tools for tansy suppression by reducing its competitive ability; however, both may also enhance invader growth and represent a significant risk. We conducted a two-year experiment crossing three herbicides, with varying degrees of residual control, with fungicide and fertilizer treatments to explore their effects on tansy. Despite initially reducing AMF abundances, both fertilizer and fungicide unexpectedly improved tansy growth, especially when applied with the non-residual herbicide (2,4-D), where strong control was eliminated by either treatment. This suggests that, at least at our study site, any suppression of AMF did not affect tansy strongly enough to overcome the benefits of increased nutrients and pathogen suppression. Independent of fungicide or fertilizer, all three herbicides reduced tansy biomass and increased community biomass by year two, driven by increases in grasses. The most effective herbicide (picloram), however, also caused the greatest declines in broadleaf plants, leading to significant species losses. Conversely, 2,4-D was only slightly less effective after two years, while having limited non-target effects. Non-residual herbicides, like 2-4D, may offer a better balance between tansy control and biodiversity conservation.},
}
@article {pmid41123665,
year = {2025},
author = {Rivera-Estay, V and N Moreno-Gómez, F and Córdova-Lepe, F and Gutiérrez, R and Benítez, H},
title = {Studying the role of phenotypic change in biological invasion success through mathematical modeling.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {61},
pmid = {41123665},
issn = {1432-1416},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Phenotype ; *Models, Biological ; Predatory Behavior ; Mink/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Mathematical Concepts ; Population Dynamics ; Ecosystem ; Algorithms ; Food Chain ; },
abstract = {When an exotic species is introduced outside its natural range, new interspecific interactions with native species may arise. These interactions can induce phenotypic changes, which may originate from phenotypic plasticity or adaptive processes. Phenotypic change may play an important role in biological invasions, either by promoting or by preventing its success. In this work, a mathematical modeling approach is used to study a native predator-prey system exposed to an exotic species that predates on the native species and that also competes by interference with the native predator. This proposed approach allows to describe the eco-evolutionary dynamics involving the inducible defense of the prey and the inducible offense of both predators. The model is represented by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), analyzed using advanced analytical and numerical methods. Specifically, we applied the qualitative theory of ODEs and developed numerical algorithms for parameter sweeps. Parameter values for the numerical experiments were based on the American mink, one of the most harmful invasive species in Europe and South America. The results show that the role of phenotypic change in invasion success depends on three components: the efficiency of the new trait values, the associated costs, and the speed of trait change. The specific conditions that lead to an unsuccessful invasion are: the prey's defense efficiency against the exotic predator is higher than its defense efficiency against the native predator. The cost imposed by the exotic predator is greater than the cost imposed by the native predator. Lastly, the speed of phenotypic change is faster in the native predator than in the exotic predator.},
}
@article {pmid41123560,
year = {2025},
author = {Brons, JK and Hackl, T and Iacovelli, R and Haslinger, K and Lequime, S and van der Meij, SET},
title = {De novo whole genome assembly of the globally invasive green shore crab Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) via long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing.},
journal = {The Journal of heredity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jhered/esaf085},
pmid = {41123560},
issn = {1465-7333},
abstract = {Invasive species are reshaping aquatic ecosystems worldwide at an accelerating pace, with profound ecological and economic impacts. Many crustacean species have demonstrated invasive potential or are already well-established invaders. The green shore crab, Carcinus maenas, native to Europe and North Africa, is one of the most successful global marine invaders and is now present on six continents. Although the role of genomics in invasion science is increasingly recognized, genomic resources for brachyuran crabs remain limited, including the notable absence of a reference genome for C. maenas. Here we report on a de novo whole genome assembly of C. maenas via long-read Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing. The assembly spans 1.09 Gbp across 21,887 scaffolds (NG50 = 13 Mbp) with a BUSCO completeness of 98.4%, providing a high-quality resource for future genomic analyses. We provide a detailed protocol for obtaining high-quality DNA to successfully sequence brachyuran crabs using a long-read approach. This new resource expands available genomic data for the species-rich infraorder Brachyura, and provides a valuable foundation for understanding the genetic factors underlying the global invasion success of C. maenas, supporting future research in marine invasion genomics.},
}
@article {pmid41123172,
year = {2025},
author = {Chuang, A and Nelsen, DR and Sitvarin, MI and Bailey, JB and Bergmann, HE and Bertagnolli, VE and De Araujo, EP and Donohoe, B and Geitner, WA and Hunter, SR and Ing, JK and Park, JJ and Vasquez, KA and Wang, AS and Coyle, DR},
title = {Chemical management strategies for the invasive Jorō spider, Trichonephila clavata (Araneae: Araneidae).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {6},
pages = {3127-3138},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf225},
pmid = {41123172},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spiders ; *Insecticides ; Introduced Species ; Female ; *Pest Control/methods ; },
abstract = {Historically, spider management has received relatively little attention in the literature compared to insect pests, and few studies have examined the efficacy of chemical management strategies on orb weaver mortality and web site fidelity. However, the introduction and rapid spread of the Jorō spider, Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878; Araneae: Araneidae), in North America has created a wave of media and public awareness. Characterized by its large size, bright coloration, dense aggregations, and durable webs, this species has garnered concern from residents who wish to manage this pest. Internet-based advice ranges from using products labeled for arthropod control to common products around the home. Our study evaluated spider mortality from eleven separate products and two control treatments (water and no treatment at all). High doses of pyrethroid pesticides or essential oil and detergent-based pesticides were highly effective in killing T. clavata. Although spraying foaming dish soap and machine lubricant also led to high mortality rates, we do not condone the use of products outside of their registered label use. We also evaluated several products that did not cause high mortality for their potential to cause T. clavata to abandon their webs-a result that may be just as desirable for residents-though none of these products led to high rates of web abandonment. We strongly recommend that property managers carefully weigh the pros and cons and safety aspects of different management strategies (including mechanical management) and assess whether T. clavata management is warranted in the first place.},
}
@article {pmid41123166,
year = {2025},
author = {Nelsen, DR and Chuang, A and Corbit, AG and Sitvarin, MI and Bergmann, HE and De Araujo, EP and Hunter, SR and Ing, JK and Park, JJ and Vasquez, KA and Wang, AS and Coyle, DR},
title = {Keep calm and carry on: bites from Trichonephila clavata are unlikely and cause minimal discomfort.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {62},
number = {6},
pages = {1396-1408},
pmid = {41123166},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {//American Arachnological Society/ ; RPNELSEN7//Clemson University/ ; //American Arachnological Society Herb Levi Memorial Fund/ ; 1405239//Clemson University/ ; RPNELSEN7//Academic Research Committee at Southern Adventist University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Spider Bites/psychology ; Humans ; *Spiders/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Arachnophobia is a widespread phenomenon, despite the fact that the vast majority of spiders pose no meaningful threat to people. The introduction and spread of an invasive spider (Trichonephila clavata L. Koch, 1878) to the United States has prompted questions about whether it should be considered dangerous. These questions are particularly relevant because the spider is large, builds webs on and near human structures, and has been documented to consume small vertebrate prey. To understand the realistic threat this species represents, we examined spider-human interactions in the field with escalating levels of contact intensity. During these interactions, spiders primarily moved to avoid human contact, and bites were incredibly rare, mainly occurring when spiders were forcibly restrained. To assess the medical significance of a bite by T. clavata, we conducted what we believe to be the first controlled study of spider bites. Spiders were induced to bite volunteers under controlled laboratory conditions while supervised by medical staff. Subjects who were bitten reported reliably low levels of pain and only localized physical symptoms (eg redness and swelling) that attenuated quickly. It is clear that this spider is unlikely to bite someone who encounters it in nature, and the symptoms are minor and fleeting in the event of a bite. Although T. clavata is spreading quickly in the United States, the risk of its bite or resulting symptoms should not be cause for fear.},
}
@article {pmid41122908,
year = {2025},
author = {Du, Z},
title = {Dynamic microRNA Responses Contribute to Phenotypic Plasticity and Stress Memory in Invasive Species.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {22},
pages = {e70160},
pmid = {41122908},
issn = {1365-294X},
}
@article {pmid41121443,
year = {2025},
author = {Vogrinec, L and Bačnik, K and Bačič, M and Mehle, N and Fowkes, AR and Lengar, &#x17d; and Harju, V and Adams, IP and Fox, A and Kutnjak, D},
title = {Wild and globally traded ornamental aquatic plants harbor diverse plant viruses, including notable crop pathogens.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {133},
pmid = {41121443},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {J4-4553//The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency/ ; J4-4553//The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency/ ; P1-0212//The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency/ ; J4-4553//The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency/ ; J4-4553//The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency/ ; J4-4553//The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aquatic plants play key roles in ecosystems, serving as primary producers and providing habitat for other aquatic life. While many are ecologically important, some invasive species, often introduced through the ornamental plant trade, pose threats to various aquatic ecosystems. Although viral infections have been documented to some extent in aquatic crops, the viral diversity in wild and ornamental aquatic plants remains largely unexplored. Investigating the viral communities of aquatic plants is important, as their direct contact with water allows for the potential long-distance transmission of stable viruses released from infected individuals. Invasive aquatic plants exacerbate this issue by introducing novel microbes, including viruses, to new regions, increasing the potential threat to native plant populations.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we investigated the viral communities of diverse aquatic plants by mining publicly available transcriptome data of 79 wild aquatic species and sequencing the RNA from 14 plant species (some of them of different ornamental varieties), sourced from hobby aquascaping stores. Plant viruses from various families were detected in taxonomically diverse aquatic plants, ranging from algae to angiosperms. Alongside sequences of known crop pathogens, such as turnip yellows virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and lettuce chlorosis virus, we identified contigs of putative novel viral species belonging to several plant-infecting viral families. Most notably, we discovered sequences of known and novel begomoviruses, which may be causing observed ornamental phenotypes in two different aquatic plants. Further, we identified a novel potyvirus that appears to be globally present in multiple ornamental plants from the genus Sagittaria. We detected it in three plants sourced from online stores in Slovenia, as well as six plants intercepted during the import process into the UK.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings expand on the so far limited knowledge of aquatic plant viruses, revealing known and putative novel plant viral species across diverse aquatic plant taxa. The detection of crop viruses, including regulated pathogens, in ornamental aquatic plants highlights the risks associated with their unregulated global trade. Further research into viruses of aquatic plants may provide insights into their role in ecosystems as well as their potential impact on agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid41120002,
year = {2025},
author = {Ligocki, IY and Brand, JA and Thoré, ESJ and Aich, U and Brodin, T and Camacho-Cervantes, M and Martin, JM and Munson, A and Polverino, G and Wong, BBM and Bertram, MG},
title = {Uncovering the role of chemical pollutants in shaping biological invasions.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2057},
pages = {20251232},
pmid = {41120002},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Australian Research Council/ ; //Svenska Forskningsr&#xe5;det Formas/ ; //Kempestiftelserna/ ; //Forrest Research Foundation Fellowship/ ; //Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects ; Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; },
abstract = {Ecosystems around the globe are under unprecedented pressure from human activities. Chemical pollution and biological invasions are two leading drivers of environmental change, each of which causes substantial harm to wildlife and the ecosystems they inhabit. However, despite their individual impacts being well-documented, the combined effects of these pervasive environmental pressures are seldom studied. Here, we address this critical gap by first examining the potential interactions between chemical pollution and biological invasions in animals. We then discuss possible impacts of chemical pollution on animals-both invasive and native-across the distinct stages of the invasion process. Further, we examine gaps in our current understanding of the potential interactions between chemical pollution and biological invasions, including the role of pollutants in mediating interactions between native and non-native species, how pollutants may influence the potential for the invasion process to act as a selective filter, and the relevance of phenotypic plasticity and behavioural syndromes in this context. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying key research gaps, this review underscores the importance of considering chemical pollution and biological invasions in combination in ecological research. Understanding the combined impacts of these widespread and frequently co-occurring phenomena is essential for developing effective conservation and restoration measures in an increasingly human-modified world.},
}
@article {pmid41119991,
year = {2025},
author = {Zitoun, JL and Rousseau, R and Gourbière, S},
title = {Source-sink dynamics explains the coexistence of the invasive pest Dryocosmus kuriphilus and its biological control agent Torymus sinensis across French Eastern Pyrenees.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface},
volume = {22},
number = {231},
pages = {20250283},
pmid = {41119991},
issn = {1742-5662},
support = {//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //MITI CNRS/ ; //R&#xe9;gion Occitanie Pyr&#xe9;n&#xe9;es-M&#xe9;diterran&#xe9;e/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; France ; *Models, Biological ; *Pest Control, Biological ; *Fagaceae/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Integrating factors affecting the success of invasive insect pests into dynamical models can help assessing their invasion risks and control. Here, we model the spread of a gall-forming hymenopteran parasite of chestnut trees, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, and its control agent, Torymus sinensis, across 23 natural forest sites located in the French Eastern Pyrenees. The integration of field estimates of the levels of bottom-up (frequency, density and genetic susceptibility of chestnut trees) and top-down (hyperparasitism by native insects and fungi) control of the pest in a Nicholson-Bailey model allowed to identify source and sink sites for the invasive species and its control agent. Comparisons with the observed levels of hyperparasitism by T. sinensis showed that it was found in 7/23 sink sites. The extension of our modelling into a two-site model showed that dispersal rates as low as 1‰ can be responsible for the persistence of T. sinensis in sinks, regardless of the precise dynamical regime of D. kuriphilus-T. sinensis coexistence in the source. Although dispersal promotes the persistence of the control agent and tends to homogenize its effectiveness in both sites, it was also shown to reduce the global biological control effectiveness at high rates of coupling.},
}
@article {pmid41119941,
year = {2025},
author = {Iftime, A and Oel, V},
title = {An annotated systematical checklist of the Romanian ichthyofauna.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5654},
number = {1},
pages = {1-64},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5654.1.1},
pmid = {41119941},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Animal Distribution ; Checklist ; Romania ; *Fishes/classification ; },
abstract = {The ichthyofauna of Romania has long constituted the object of scientific studies; however, rapid changes in both taxonomy and the composition of local fauna require constant updating of the country species list. We attempt here to give a complete checklist of Romanian ichthyofauna, including recently extinct and introduced species, and discussing doubtful records. A discussion of the taxonomical status of recorded species is also included. We discuss 272 species (plus 2 introduced hybrids) recorded for Romania, belonging to 79 families and 31 orders. The distribution and status of treated species are also briefly delineated.},
}
@article {pmid41119705,
year = {2025},
author = {Golovatch, SI and Enghoff, H and Efeykin, BD},
title = {Chondrodesmus riparius Carl, 1914, a millipede species new to the fauna of Costa Rica, originally described from Colombia, and introduced to and presently widespread across Europe (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae).},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5692},
number = {1},
pages = {161-174},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5692.1.8},
pmid = {41119705},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Costa Rica ; Male ; Female ; Colombia ; *Arthropods/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development/genetics ; Europe ; Animal Distribution ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Body Size ; Organ Size ; Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The fairly large-bodied Neotropical millipede genus Chondrodesmus Silvestri, 1897, includes 23 species described from Central America, to Costa Rica in the north, and 25 more from South America, to Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and central-western Amazonia of Brazil in the south. Among them, seven species have hitherto been described or recorded from Costa Rica, including Chondrodesmus hoffmanni (Peters, 1865), from an unknown place, and here revised based on the holotype. Unexpectedly, it appears to differ markedly from all Costa Rican congeners, and instead it shows profound similarities to Chondrodesmus riparius Carl, 1914, from Colombia. The status of the European introduction heretofore provisionally referred to either as C. cf. riparius or C. riparius is confirmed here, since morphologically the European and Tropical American C. riparius populations represent the same species. To support this, comparative molecular studies using COI barcoding data, freshly obtained from a population from Costa Rica, with a European population of C. riparius show a congruence of 99.2%. This not only indicates the conspecificity of C. riparius from South America and Europe, but it also suggests the source area whence its introduction to Europe could have occurred.},
}
@article {pmid41119496,
year = {2025},
author = {Pereira, SE and Azevedo, F and Hajdu, E and Cavalcanti, FF and Klautau, M},
title = {Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from So Sebastio, So Paulo: new species and new records in two marine protected areas of Southeastern Brazil Ecoregion.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5688},
number = {1},
pages = {1-107},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5688.1.1},
pmid = {41119496},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; *Porifera/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics/growth &amp; development ; Brazil ; Animal Distribution ; Ecosystem ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Organ Size ; Body Size ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {In Southeastern Brazil ecoregion, the assessment of calcareous sponges diversity has been particularly focused on Rio de Janeiro State, with 26 species recorded, while So Paulo State remains relatively unexplored, with only 11 species known up to date. So Sebastio, located on the northern coast of So Paulo, encompassing the Alcatrazes Archipelago, is an area of high ecological relevance. This study investigates the diversity of calcareous sponges within two Marine Protected Areas in So Sebastio region, integrating morphological and molecular approaches. A total of 18 species were identified, including two of the subclass Calcinea and 16 of the subclass Calcaronea. Among them, six are new to science: Ascandra arenaria sp. nov., Amphoriscus tenax sp. nov., Leucandra anoducta sp. nov., Leucosolenia sebastianensis sp. nov., Sycon caissarum sp. nov., and Sycon crassapicale sp. nov. Additionally, other eight species represent new records for So Paulo, with Leucandra caribea being reported for the first time in Brazil, extending their distribution ranges. The remaining four species had previously been recorded in the region. Furthermore, as an important additional morphological character, we are originally reporting the presence of a few tetractines, alongside triactines, in the atrial skeleton of the invasive species Paraleucilla magna. Our findings provide a comprehensive baseline inventory of calcareous sponge species from the So Sebastio area (Ilhabela and So Sebastio, including the Alcatrazes Archipelago) and contribute to understanding the biogeographical affinities of the calcarean fauna of Southeastern Brazil with regions within and beyond the Atlantic Ocean.},
}
@article {pmid41119448,
year = {2025},
author = {Gallego, D and Dios, MNG and Riba-Flinch, JM and Garca-Reina, A and Galin, J and Mas, H and Lencina, JL and Zafra, M and Henares, I and Rodrguez, F and Alczar, MD and Knek, M and Gmez, DF},
title = {Euwallacea similis (Ferrari), a new ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) for the Iberian Peninsula, and new records on Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff), Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff and Amasa parviseta Knek &amp; Smith.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5673},
number = {1},
pages = {63-78},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.4},
pmid = {41119448},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Spain ; *Weevils/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Animal Distribution ; Male ; Female ; Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Body Size ; Organ Size ; },
abstract = {The rise of invasive species is a global concern, increasingly driven by international trade and climate change. Ambrosia beetles (Xyleborini) are particularly successful invaders due to their ability of asexual reproduction and symbiotic relationship with fungi. Here we report and map the distribution of Xyleborini alien species in the Iberian Peninsula, expanding knowledge about the distribution of already established species and identifying a new host plant for Xyleborus bispinatus. Some populations have been detected through early detection trapping networks. The presence of Euwallacea fornicatus and E. similis is confirmed for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula, with E. similis establishing populations in Southeastern Spain, while E. fornicatus is confirmed in the South, affecting avocado crops. Additionally, the distribution of X. bispinatus has been expanded. Amasa parviseta was also recorded, suggesting a broader distribution than previously known. The study highlights the increasing arrival and establishment of invasive Xyleborini in Spain, likely driven by trade, climate change, and urban development. This work underscores the urgent need for monitoring and early detection programs to manage and mitigate potential impacts.},
}
@article {pmid41119281,
year = {2025},
author = {Pritchard, ZA and Ivie, MA and Oneill, KM and Delphia, CM},
title = {A faunal treatment of the Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of Montana with a key for their identification.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5683},
number = {1},
pages = {1-51},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5683.1.1},
pmid = {41119281},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; Animal Distribution ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; *Bees/anatomy &amp; histology/classification ; Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Montana ; Organ Size ; },
abstract = {We provide the first statewide inventory of the species of Megachile in Montana from 5,406 records, based on collecting efforts in 20192021 and physical specimen data from publications, natural history museums, private collections, and online data aggregators. We documented 35 species within the state, six of which are new state records: Megachile casadae Cockerell, Megachile centuncularis (Linnaeus), Megachile gentilis Cresson, Megachile mellitarsis Cresson, Megachile mendica Cresson, and Megachile snowi Mitchell. These were predicted to occur in Montana based on existing range data but had not been previously sampled due to limited prior collecting. We also confirmed Megachile dakotensis Mitchell and Megachile nevadensis Cresson to occur in eastern Montana, which had not been recorded in the state for 85 and 84 years respectively, most likely from a lack of collecting in their ranges. Based on published distributional data, we identified eight native species that might be found in the state with further collecting, as well as two introduced species that could reach Montana in the future. This work adds important Megachile species range data in North America, articulates several taxonomic challenges within the group, and will aid future identifications of Montana Megachile through a taxonomic key provided here.},
}
@article {pmid41119215,
year = {2025},
author = {Evcen, A and Inar, ME},
title = {Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Trkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5631},
number = {2},
pages = {201-244},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1},
pmid = {41119215},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; *Porifera/classification/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology ; Mediterranean Sea ; Animal Distribution ; Ecosystem ; Animal Structures/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology ; Body Size ; Organ Size ; Turkey ; },
abstract = {This study was conducted to determine the taxonomic, ecological and distributional characteristics of sponge species distributed along the Aegean Sea coast of Trkiye. Samples were collected from 36 coastal and 7 offshore stations of different depths (35400 m) and biotopes. Benthic sampling was performed by diving at coastal stations and by bottom-trawling at offshore stations. As a result of the faunistic analysis of the samples, a total of 114 species belonging to 3 classes, 17 orders and 44 families were identified, of which 9 species were new to the eastern Mediterranean, 10 species were new to the Aegean Sea, and 13 species were new to the coasts of Trkiye. Among the biotopes, rocky shores were characterized by the highest number of sponge species (85 species), while the stony coral Cladocora caespitosa was represented by the lowest number of species (3 species). The majority of sponge species (73 species) were found in the depth interval 1020 m. Among the sponges identified, only one invasive alien species, namely Paraleucilla magna, was found on artificial substrata at one station in the inner part of zmir Bay. The majority of the species (71% of the total number of species) found in the study area have the Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution pattern.},
}
@article {pmid41119157,
year = {2025},
author = {Masunari, S and Lopes, OL and Ahyong, ST},
title = {Introduction of the Indo-West Pacific mantis shrimp, Oratosquillina interrupta (Kemp, 1911) (Stomatopoda, Squillidae), to Brazil.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5637},
number = {1},
pages = {180-184},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5637.1.10},
pmid = {41119157},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; Male ; Female ; Animal Distribution ; Animal Structures/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology ; Body Size ; *Decapoda/anatomy &amp; histology/classification/growth &amp; development ; Organ Size ; Atlantic Ocean ; Introduced Species ; Pacific Ocean ; },
abstract = {The Indo-West Pacific mantis shrimp, Oratosquillina interrupta (Kemp, 1911), is recorded for the first time from the Brazilian coast and Atlantic Ocean. A total of 39 specimens (4 males and 35 females) of O. interrupta were obtained during trawls for white shrimp fishing along Paran State coast, southern Brazil in 2023 and 2024. Oratosquillina interrupta, now known from Brazilian waters, is the fourth species of the family Squillidae to become established outside of its native range.},
}
@article {pmid41119037,
year = {2025},
author = {Hauptman, T and Capuder, L and Devetak, Z and Groot, M and Faccoli, M and Pikur, B},
title = {First record of the non-native Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) and further findings of other Xyleborini (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) recently recorded in Slovenia.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5653},
number = {1},
pages = {143-150},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.9},
pmid = {41119037},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Slovenia ; Male ; Female ; Animal Distribution ; *Weevils/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Organ Size ; Introduced Species ; Body Size ; },
abstract = {Ambrosia beetles of the subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) have successfully invaded many parts of the world and are increasingly being introduced to new areas, primarily through international trade. The number of non-native species recorded in Slovenia is also increasing. During the national survey of quarantine species in 2024, a new non-native scolytine beetle, Cnestus mutilatus, was recorded for the first time in Slovenia. Two specimens were trapped at Radmoanci, a location in northeastern Slovenia. New data on two other species recently recorded in Slovenia, Anisandrus maiche and Xylosandrus compactus, are also presented.},
}
@article {pmid41118965,
year = {2025},
author = {Boll, PK and Luna, M},
title = {Diversity of land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in Central America: annotated checklist with new records of native and introduced species from citizen science.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5695},
number = {1},
pages = {1-70},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5695.1.1},
pmid = {41118965},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; *Planarians/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Central America ; Animal Distribution ; *Biodiversity ; Citizen Science ; Introduced Species ; Checklist ; Female ; Ecosystem ; Male ; },
abstract = {The Neotropical ecozone is the most diverse region on the planet regarding land planarians. However, its northern part, especially Central America, has been only occasionally sampled, so its land planarian fauna remains mostly unknown. We compiled a list of records of land planarians in Central America, including both formally described species and records of undescribed species from literature and the citizen science platform iNaturalist. The compiled data includes at least 112 morphospecies, with 23 comparable to described species and 89 potentially new species. Four described and exotic species are recorded in Central America for the first time. Our survey demonstrates the high land planarian diversity across Central America, of which most species are yet to be described. We recommend joint efforts of local researchers with land planarian taxonomists to promote the study of this important invertebrate community.},
}
@article {pmid41118114,
year = {2026},
author = {Jeon, K and Suk, HY and Hwang, UW},
title = {A new Korean genotype of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus (Centrarchidae) covering the Korean Peninsula: insights for management of an introduced freshwater fish.},
journal = {Genes &amp; genomics},
volume = {48},
number = {1},
pages = {107-116},
pmid = {41118114},
issn = {2092-9293},
support = {NNIBR20251202//Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources/ ; Ministry of Education//Ministry of Education/ ; },
}
@article {pmid41117369,
year = {2025},
author = {Baird, SJE and Daley, N},
title = {The Shapes of Clines and Wavefronts.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {22},
pages = {e70109},
pmid = {41117369},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {22-32394S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; //Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ/ ; //RECETOX Research Infrastructure (ID LM2023069, MEYS CR, 2023-2026/ ; },
mesh = {*Models, Genetic ; *Genetic Speciation ; *Genetics, Population ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Cline theory has a central place in speciation studies. Cline locations delimit taxon boundaries, cline widths scale with barrier strength, and the shapes of clines (smooth or stepped) suggest whether species barriers are mono- or polygenic. How cline shapes vary along chromosomes therefore forms part of the genome's species barrier landscape. Further, asymmetric moving clines (wave fronts) can mark adaptive introgression puncturing species barriers, potentially leading to their collapse or decay. Here we review the development of cline and wavefront models and relate this to the use of dispersal kernels in epidemiology and ecology. We contrast classical results to those for a thick-tailed kernel, showing how cline shape affects the speed of spatial processes, including the widening of neutral clines and the spatial coalescent. We critique current cline models used for inference (both spatial and genomic clines) and address Barton's question: Why (after decades of cline fitting) is there so little evidence of stepped clines? We suggest evidence is weak because stepped cline models are over-parameterised, while current genomic cline models are under-parameterised. We explore goldilocks cline parameterisations and discuss non-parametric approaches that may help resolve these issues. This broadens to a discussion of the future of, and alternatives to, cline fitting.},
}
@article {pmid41116737,
year = {2025},
author = {Hiatt, D and Dillon, WW and Gardner, A and Cabrera, S and Dietze, M and Allan, BF and Flory, SL},
title = {Mechanistic pathways of tick exposure risk in native and invaded plant communities.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {10},
pages = {e70233},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70233},
pmid = {41116737},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {RC-2636//Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Deer/parasitology ; Ecosystem ; *Tick Infestations/veterinary/epidemiology/parasitology ; *Ixodidae/physiology ; },
abstract = {Plant invasions may alter disease vector abundance by several mechanistic pathways, including modifying microclimates that influence vector survival or changing habitats to influence host use. Here, we used a field experiment and observational data to evaluate multiple mechanistic pathways (tick survival and host abundance) by which plant invasions may alter vector-borne disease risk using the common disease vector lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), its preeminent host white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and the widespread invasive cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) in the southeastern United States. In the field experiment, ticks survived over 50% longer in areas dominated by the invasive plant compared to those with only native plant species. Invaded areas had lower temperatures and higher relative humidity, yielding a lower vapor pressure deficit (VPD) that likely reduced tick desiccation. The observational study showed similar average tick abundance in native and invaded plant communities and no difference in wildlife host (white-tailed deer) activity between plant communities. However, there was a positive relationship between tick abundance and white-tailed deer activity, but only in native areas. Together, these results suggest that more favorable microclimate conditions resulting in greater tick longevity are the dominant driver of tick abundance in invaded areas, while tick abundance in native-dominated areas may be promoted, at least in part, by white-tailed deer activity. Our results demonstrate that plant invasions can affect multiple, potentially counteracting mechanistic pathways that contribute to tick exposure risk. The complexity of these relationships highlights the need for a better understanding of how invasive species and other global change drivers influence disease vectors and, ultimately, disease transmission.},
}
@article {pmid41115821,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Wan, W and Yang, T and Cao, F and Cai, B and Francis, F and Xian, X and Liu, W},
title = {Multiple drivers synergistically shape the genetic differentiation pattern and invasion potential of Bactrocera umbrosa.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {2},
pages = {1389-1399},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70288},
pmid = {41115821},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFC2605200)/ ; //the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) (Grant No. CAAS-ZDRW202505)/ ; //the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Grant no. S2025XM07)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Tephritidae/genetics/physiology ; *Genetic Variation ; Phylogeography ; Asia, Southeastern ; Artocarpus/growth &amp; development ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As an oligophagous pest of Artocarpus fruits, especially breadfruit and jackfruit, Bactrocera umbrosa poses a growing threat to global agriculture through trade-facilitated invasion. This study integrates population genetic analysis (321 COI sequences) and ecological niche modeling to elucidate its population structure, historical dynamics, and invasion potential.<br><br>RESULTS: Genetic analyses revealed three phylogeographic groups: genetically diverse Southwest Pacific (SWP), Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), and Island Southeast Asia (ISEA). Subregional differentiation in Southeast Asia was likely driven by geographical barriers (e.g., the Isthmus of Kra) and human activities. Neutrality tests and mismatch distributions indicated recent demographic expansions across all populations, most pronounced in MSEA. Ecological niche analyses showed SWP populations with broad climatic tolerance, while MSEA and ISEA exhibited niche contractions, reflecting environmental filtering or founder effects during colonization. Projections under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios suggested range expansion to tropical Africa, the Amazon Basin, and Southeast Asia by the 2030s and 2050s. Notably, the potential geographical distribution of this pest significantly overlapped with suitable cultivation zones of Artocarpus altilis and Artocarpus heterophyllus. Regions such as the Caribbean, West Africa, and South Asia were identified as areas facing a heightened invasion risk.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights synergistic roles of geographic factors, human activity, and climate change in shaping population genetic structure and invasion potential of B. umbrosa. These insights can facilitate preemptive management of this pest under accelerating globalization and climate change. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41115719,
year = {2025},
author = {Nelson, A and Downey, M and Murry, M and Weber, B and Aguirre, E and McCrea, RS and Mims, J and Vigilant, M and Standlee, C and Murray, KO and Kneubehl, A and Brown, EL and Essigmann, HT and Gunter, SM},
title = {Emerging Tick-Borne Disease Risk in an Urban Center of Harris County, Texas.},
journal = {Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)},
volume = {25},
number = {12},
pages = {734-741},
doi = {10.1177/15303667251386209},
pmid = {41115719},
issn = {1557-7759},
mesh = {Texas/epidemiology ; Animals ; *Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/microbiology ; Humans ; Rickettsia/isolation &amp; purification ; Ixodes/microbiology ; Female ; Amblyomma/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Background: Tick-borne diseases are an endemic and emerging public health concern in the United States. Ongoing tick range expansion, invasive species, and newly identified pathogens are rapidly altering disease epidemiology. Surveillance is critical to understanding vector ecology and disease risk. Harris County, Texas, with nearly five million residents and diverse ecological zones, offers a unique setting to study local tick dynamics. Methods: From January 2021 to December 2022, we conducted weekly tick surveillance across 63 sites in Harris County (City of Houston), Texas. Ticks were morphologically identified and tested for Rickettsia, Borrelia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma via real-time PCR. Samples positive by initial screening were confirmed to the species level using endpoint PCR and sequencing. Results: We collected 1,219 ticks-primarily Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma maculatum-with distinct seasonal and spatial patterns. Of 1,195 tested ticks, 61% were positive for Rickettsia, with multiple species identified. Notably, Rickettsia parkeri was detected in 23.1% of Rickettsia-positive A. maculatum ticks. Conclusion: Our findings reveal significant tick-borne pathogen activity in Harris County, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and public health efforts in urban and peri-urban Texas.},
}
@article {pmid41114853,
year = {2025},
author = {de Scally, SZ and McDonald, MJ},
title = {Evolution of One Species Increases Resistance to Invasion in a Simple Synthetic Community.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {88},
number = {1},
pages = {110},
pmid = {41114853},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {CE230100001//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Escherichia coli/genetics/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Models, Biological ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The species that make up a microbial community determine its potential function. A major goal of microbial ecology is to make assemblages of microbes - synthetic communities - with targeted applications. Replacing a dysfunctional community with a synthetic microbial community can have transformative impacts upon a host or ecosystem, yet the introduced community may be outcompeted by local species or communities, resulting in transient effects. Here, we study a simple synthetic community comprised of two species - E. coli and S. cerevisiae - that have coevolved for either 0, 1000 or 4000 generations, and evaluate the potential for 12 bacterial strains, from five species, to invade. We find that the dominant species (E. coli) in the community protects the less dominant species from being outcompeted during an invasion, and that this effect is strengthened by longer periods of coevolution. Using a mathematical model, we show how prolonged co-evolution leads to protective effects for a community member sensitive to displacement.},
}
@article {pmid41113824,
year = {2025},
author = {Nsabatien, V and Zanga, J and Mvuama, N and Bokulu, A and Lukoki, H and Diza, G and Kantin, D and Mbashi, L and Bosulu, C and Basosila, N and Bukaka, E and Agossa, F and Nagahuedi, J and Palata, JC and Metelo, E},
title = {Aedes mosquito distribution across urban and peri-urban areas of Kinshasa city, Democratic Republic of Congo.},
journal = {GigaByte (Hong Kong, China)},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {gigabyte166},
pmid = {41113824},
issn = {2709-4715},
abstract = {In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Aedes mosquitoes are vectors of medically important arboviruses, mediating the transmission of yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. However, systematic surveillance of these species remains limited, preventing the rapid detection of changes in distribution, abundance, and behaviour. Here, we present a geo-referenced dataset of 6,577 entomological occurrence records collected in 2024 throughout urban and peri-urban areas of Kinshasa city, DRC, using Larval dipping, Human landing catches, Prokopack aspirator, and BG-Sentinel traps. Our records include Aedes albopictus (n = 2,694), Aedes aegypti (n = 1,939), Aedes vittatus (n = 2), and Aedes spp. (n = 1,942), annotated with species, sex, life stage, reproductive status, and spatial coordinates. Our dataset is published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. This dataset, the most detailed spatial record of Aedes mosquitoes in Kinshasa to date, provides a robust foundation for entomological research and data-driven arbovirus vector control in DRC.},
}
@article {pmid41112160,
year = {2025},
author = {Žele Vengušt, D and Kušar, D and Vengušt, G and Bandelj, P},
title = {First report of the giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) in Slovenia and molecular species confirmation based on the ITS2 marker.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1673629},
pmid = {41112160},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, is a parasite that primarily infects wild and domestic ruminants. Originally from North America, it has been an invasive species in Europe since the nineteenth century. Of the three natural foci that have become established in Europe, the Danube floodplain forest is the one that is still spreading. The first outbreak of fascioloidosis in Slovenia described in this report indicates that red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are the three wild ruminants affected by the parasite.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 frozen deer livers (14 red deer, five fallow deer, and three roe deer) were subjected to necropsy, parasitological and molecular examinations. Molecular detection of the extracted parasites was performed using species-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing techniques.<br><br>RESULTS: The presence of F. magna was confirmed in all liver samples. The infected livers of red deer and fallow deer were characterized by marked enlargement and the development of pseudocysts and distinct black pigmented lines within the parenchyma, whereas the livers of roe deer were of normal size and contained only migratory paths.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The first report and molecular confirmation of F. magna in red deer, fallow deer, and roe deer in Slovenia indicate a northward spread of the trematode along the eastern side of the Mura River. Hunters, veterinarians, and farmers should be made aware of the existence of F. magna in north-east Slovenia and encouraged to report any liver abnormalities in ruminants. Future research should aim to investigate the spread of F. magna, its origins and economic impact.},
}
@article {pmid41112150,
year = {2025},
author = {Scholz, T and Kuchta, R},
title = {Tapeworms of freshwater fishes in North America: an integrative review of taxonomy, phylogeny, host specificity, and research priorities.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1661118},
pmid = {41112150},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {Tapeworms (Cestoda) are a diverse group of parasitic flatworms that are highly specialized in a parasitic lifestyle. The freshwater fish tapeworms of North America have been relatively well studied since 1855, although their diversity is limited compared to other regions. Most knowledge was gained in the 20th century, with research declining in recent decades, although some groups have recently been revised based on morphological and molecular data. This review updates the current understanding of species diversity, phylogenetic relationships and host-parasite interactions based on a critical re-evaluation of the earlier records. The new data can also inform fisheries management, invasive species control and public health surveillance. Currently, 130 valid adult species are known in six orders, most of which are native to the Nearctic, with the USA having the greatest diversity (121 species). The vast majority of North American fish tapeworms exhibit narrow host specificity, with almost three quarters specializing in a single host species or host genus. Larval stages (metacestodes) from four orders also occur in fish, but are difficult to identify morphologically. Future work should focus primarily on little-studied fish groups and regions with probably undescribed diversity (e.g., the southern USA), combined with integrative taxonomic approaches.},
}
@article {pmid41112100,
year = {2025},
author = {Nhhala, N and Kchikich, A and Ennoury, A and Roussi, Z and García-Angulo, P and Nhiri, M and Nhiri, N},
title = {Ulva lactuca extract as biostimulant for reducing salt stress effect in common bean crops.},
journal = {Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {1557-1574},
pmid = {41112100},
issn = {0971-5894},
abstract = {The massive proliferation of Ulva lactuca in the Nador lagoon has become a major environmental concern due to its accumulation, stranding, and decomposition along the coast, leading to ecological disturbances and social discomfort. Yet, seaweed extracts are increasingly recognized for their ability to stimulate plant growth and enhance resilience to both abiotic and biotic stresses, owing to their rich and diverse content of bioactive compounds. In a sustainable valorization approach aimed at mitigating the ecological impact of this invasive species, Ulva lactuca was investigated as a promising natural biostimulant, tested experimentally on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under salt stress conditions. Controlled trials were conducted using common bean plants exposed to two levels of salt stress (moderate: 34.2 mM NaCl; high: 68.4 mM NaCl), with or without treatment with Ulva lactuca extract (ULE) applied at three concentrations (1%, 3%, and 6%). Results showed that ULE significantly enhanced plant growth under both non-stress and saline conditions, particularly at 1% and 3%. This positive effect was associated with improved morphological traits, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and carbon-nitrogen metabolism, along with increased accumulation of key osmolytes. Additionally, ULE treatments reduced lipid peroxidation and suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These findings highlight the potential of Ulva lactuca extract as an effective, eco-friendly biostimulant capable of alleviating salt stress in crops, especially in regions facing salinized irrigation water challenges. At the same time, this work offers an innovative and sustainable strategy to valorize an overabundant marine resource while addressing environmental concerns.},
}
@article {pmid41109684,
year = {2025},
author = {Campbell, MA and Silver, LW and Balachandran, N and Pathirana, E and Jeffrey, C and Lal, M and O'Connor, WA and Hogg, CJ and Becker, JA},
title = {A long-read-based de novo assembly of Magallana bilineata for improved tropical oyster aquaculture.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41109684},
issn = {2160-1836},
support = {//Australian High Commission, Sri Lanka and Maldives Knowledge and Linkages for an Inclusive Economy/ ; //Charles Gilbert Heydon Travelling/ ; //The University of Sydney/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aquaculture ; *Ostreidae/genetics ; Genome ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Genomics/methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; },
abstract = {True oysters, molluscs in the family Ostreidae, are important species in fisheries and aquaculture. As such, genome-enabled research can improve these industries and the conservation of these species. The tropical rock oyster Magallana bilineata (known as the black scar oyster or Indian backwater oyster) is naturally distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean excluding Australia and is intensively cultured in India and the Philippines. It is also an aquaculture species in Sri Lanka with potential for much greater cultivation. We present the first reference genome for M. bilineata sourced from a Sri Lankan individual along with genetic variants that can be used in tool development for questions of molecular ecology and evolution as well as in breeding and commercial applications. Long-read PacBio data from a single M. bilineata were assembled following the Vertebrate Genomes Project workflow on the Galaxy Australia platform. A primary assembly composed of 105 contigs that is 551.94 Mbp in size was produced. The assembly N50 is 13.42 Mb and has a BUSCO completeness score of 98.1%. As collection and transport conditions challenged transcriptomic as well as scaffolding data generation, these approaches were undertaken computationally. Genetic variants in the form of SNPs from 90 individuals representing three naturally occurring populations in Sri Lanka and a fourth introduced population in Fiji was generated through DArTseq and a set of 3,115 SNPs produced after filtering. Combined, we present the first known genome assembly and the first genome-wide SNP data from M. bilineata, both of which have diverse applications for conservation and aquaculture.},
}
@article {pmid41109494,
year = {2025},
author = {Meraz-Medina, T and Vences-Blanco, MO and Ramírez-Cervantes, AG and Nogueda-Torres, B and Martínez-Ibarra, JA},
title = {First record and vital statistics of Triatoma longipennis (Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Southern Mexico.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {271},
number = {},
pages = {107873},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107873},
pmid = {41109494},
issn = {1873-6254},
mesh = {Animals ; Mexico ; *Triatoma/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Insect Vectors/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Chagas Disease/transmission ; Female ; Trypanosoma cruzi ; Male ; },
abstract = {Several insect species exist beyond their native habitats, some classified as invasive alien species (IAS), which can affect human health by carrying parasites and causing disease. These include vectors of vector-borne diseases, such as American trypanosomiasis, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, a major vector-borne disease primarily affecting the Americas. Mexico ranks third in the number of individuals infected with T. cruzi. Among the 35 Mexican triatomine species, Triatoma longipennis is notably significant. The presence of T. longipennis is reported for the first time in Southern Mexico, specifically in the state of Guerrero, outside its usual distribution areas. To assess the potential impact of these T. longipennis populations, several biological parameters were evaluated, including egg-to-adult development time, mortality rates, and feeding and defecation behaviors for each instar. No significant (p > 0.05) differences were noted in the primary parameters studied across both populations. Four parameters (the number of blood meals at each nymphal instar (8 vs 9 meals), the median time-lapse for beginning of feeding (immediate "attack"), feeding times (durations exceeding 15 min), and defecation timing (during or immediately after feeding; >50 %) - align with those of an effective T. cruzi transmitter. These findings suggest that the T. longipennis populations could serve as significant potential vectors of T. cruzi to human populations. As T. longipennis appears to be undergoing range expansion in Mexico, increased surveillance is necessary, particularly in regions susceptible to invasion and successful establishment due to favorable ecological conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41105848,
year = {2025},
author = {Gastineau, R and Murchie, AK and Winsor, L and Justine, JL},
title = {An Irish cocktail of flatworm, earthworm and parasite DNAs: genomics of invasive land flatworms (Geoplanidae) reveal infestations by two new Mitosporidium species (Microsporidia).},
journal = {Parasite (Paris, France)},
volume = {32},
number = {},
pages = {67},
pmid = {41105848},
issn = {1776-1042},
support = {"Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027//Minister of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Oligochaeta/genetics/parasitology/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; *Microsporidia/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Phylogeny ; *Platyhelminths/genetics/microbiology/parasitology ; Genomics ; Northern Ireland ; DNA, Helminth/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; },
abstract = {According to the classical Enemy Release Hypothesis, one reason for the success of invasive species is that they have escaped their predators and parasites during migration to newly invaded territories. In this context, the discovery of any parasite of an invasive species is of particular interest. Here, we report the results of genomic investigations performed on two invasive species of land flatworms (Geoplanidae) collected in Northern Ireland, Kontikia andersoni Jones, 1981, and Australoplana sanguinea (Moseley, 1877). We describe the mitogenomes and paralogous RNA genes of both species. Prey DNA was detected in both flatworm species, providing molecular evidence that their diet includes earthworms. Unexpectedly, we detected sequences assigned to the microsporidian genus Mitosporidium Haag et al., 2015, which, prior to this study, included a single species. Each land flatworm species harboured its own species of Mitosporidium. For nomenclatural reasons, we could not assign binomial names to these species; instead, we designate them as Mitosporidium sp. JL467 (in K. andersoni) and Mitosporidium sp. JL472 (in A. sanguinea). For each new Mitosporidium species, we describe the gene content of the mitogenome and the complete cluster of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. In the absence of direct evidence of host-parasite relationships, we discuss the possible hosts of these Microsporidia, which could be the flatworms themselves or their prey; the most likely hypothesis is that they are parasites of land flatworms. Other Mitosporidium species should be sought for in native land flatworms from the Australasian region, where the two invasive flatworm species originated. Investigations on the possible pathogenic role of these parasites are needed.},
}
@article {pmid41105737,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, X and An, JL and Yang, WQ and Liu, TX and Zhang, SZ},
title = {Regulation of lipid metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda by the symbiotic bracovirus of the gregarious parasitoid Cotesia ruficrus.},
journal = {PLoS pathogens},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {e1013605},
pmid = {41105737},
issn = {1553-7374},
mesh = {Lipid Metabolism ; *Spodoptera/metabolism/parasitology/virology ; *Polydnaviridae/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; *Wasps/growth &amp; development/virology ; Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Larva/metabolism/parasitology/virology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Introduced Species ; Animals ; Triglycerides/analysis/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Parasitoids alter host energy homeostasis to create a favorable environment for their own development. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unexplored, especially for gregarious parasitoids. Cotesia ruficrus, a gregarious endoparasitoid native to China, targets the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm, FAW) and has been shown to effectively control FAW populations. This study investigates the role of the polydnavirus (PDV) produced by C. ruficrus in regulating lipid metabolism of FAW larvae. The results demonstrated that, following PDV injection for 5 days, both triglyceride concentrations and lipid droplet diameters in the fat bodies of FAW larvae significantly increased. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting the PDV gene CrBV3-31 led to a reduction in triglyceride concentrations and lipid droplet size, along with an upregulation of the LSD1 gene. Furthermore, silencing CrBV3-31 decreased triglyceride levels in C. ruficrus pupae and lowered its eclosion rate. These findings suggest that the PDV gene CrBV3-31 plays a crucial role in enhancing lipid accumulation in FAW larvae, thereby supporting the survival of C. ruficrus offspring. This study uncovers a novel mechanism by which gregarious endoparasitoids exploit symbiotic bracovirus genes to regulate host energy metabolism, increasing lipid levels to meet the developmental needs of their multiple offspring.},
}
@article {pmid41104606,
year = {2025},
author = {Yin, W and Zhou, H and Wu, M and Callaway, RM and Dawson, W and Fang, J and Zhou, L and Shi, Y and Ding, J},
title = {Reassociation of specialist herbivores with an invasive plant selects for reduced allocation to soil mutualists.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {6},
pages = {3240-3255},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70647},
pmid = {41104606},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {32571956//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31901230//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U21A20190//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024YFF1307500//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Animals ; *Soil ; *Symbiosis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Ambrosia/microbiology/physiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants often escape specialist herbivores and can evolve to reallocate resources to growth from defense, but reunion with specialists can reverse this evolutionary trade-off. It remains unclear whether specialist-triggered changes affect soil mutualisms, which can also promote invasion success. Here, we investigate colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in roots of the invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia from populations that vary in duration of reassociation with the specialist herbivore Ophraella communa. We then investigated chemically mediated changes in AMF colonization and plant defenses after reassociation with O. communa. Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations with a longer reassociation history had lower AMF colonization rates than populations with shorter or no reassociation history. We detected a genetically based increase in resistance to herbivores but decreased AMF colonization in A. artemisiifolia populations after the reassociation. These changes in antagonisms and mutualisms corresponded with increasing leaf tannins but decreasing fatty acid concentrations in roots and root exudates. These results suggest that reassociation with specialist herbivores may trigger shifts in resource allocation back to herbivore defense and away from plant-AMF mutualisms, providing new insights into links between enemy release and enhanced mutualism, with potential ramifications for the long-term effects of classical biological control programs.},
}
@article {pmid41104462,
year = {2026},
author = {Kwon, EH and Pinto, AF and Dai, B and Gómez, MI and Riggs, DM and Loeb, GM and Callahan, CW and Lane, DE and Wallis, A},
title = {Economic analysis of using exclusion netting for spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) management in organic blueberry production systems.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {2},
pages = {1302-1318},
pmid = {41104462},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Blueberry Plants/growth &amp; development ; *Insect Control/economics/methods/instrumentation ; *Drosophila ; *Organic Agriculture/economics/methods ; Insecticides ; New York ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Spotted-wing drosophila (SWD) (Drosophila suzukii) is a devastating invasive species that affects soft and stone fruit crops. The SWD poses significant challenges to high-value fruit industries, especially organic production. Organic growers primarily rely on frequent applications of organic pesticides, but these are expensive, have limited residual activity, and require rotation with less effective alternatives to manage resistance. Exclusion netting has emerged as a promising alternative for organic growers. This study assesses the economic performance of exclusion netting compared to organic insecticide applications for managing SWD on New York blueberry farms.<br><br>RESULTS: In the baseline scenario, organic blueberry growers could increase their income by $1856 per acre and achieve a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.115 by using exclusion netting in netting trellis structures instead of organic insecticides. This indicates that for every dollar invested in netting, growers gain $1.115 in return, making it a marginally profitable option. Both strategies generate positive profits from year 1, but netting surpasses insecticides in cumulative cash flow by year 3. Sensitivity analyses, considering different marketing channels and blueberry prices, show that BCR remains above 1 in all scenarios, with the highest BCR achieved when selling through indirect markets at $12.12 per kilogram.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results offer critical insights into SWD management for organic growers who face production challenges due to limited pesticide options and resistance risks. These findings provide clear information on the economic viability of using exclusion netting in organic blueberry production. Consistent with previous research, the costs of insecticide applications can outweigh the benefits under low pest pressure. Despite concerns over high initial investments, exclusion netting proves to be a cost-effective and profit-maximizing alternative, generating positive profits as early as year 1. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41103566,
year = {2025},
author = {van Steenderen, CJM and Sandenbergh, E and Brookes, D and Moran, PJ and Cristofaro, M and Hoyer, WF and Paterson, ID},
title = {Population Genetics Reveals the Invasion Pathways of Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum in North America.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72262},
pmid = {41103566},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive populations of the slenderleaf iceplant, Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L., are problematic along the west coast of North America. The plant is hypothesised to originate from southern Africa, though it has established populations in North Africa and the Mediterranean. There is interest in initiating a biological control programme for the weed in its invaded range, but a clearer understanding of its invasion pathways and sources of origin is required in order to prioritise potential biological control agents. This study used both NextGen RADseq and fragment analysis ISSR techniques to uncover the population structure and genetic diversity of M. nodiflorum in its native, introduced and invaded ranges. The results supported a South African origin of the species based on a higher number of private alleles and overall genetic diversity. Our results suggest a bridgehead effect, where a secondary invasion to North America from Mediterranean populations took place, rather than a direct invasion from the native range in South Africa. The present results indicated that surveys for potential biocontrol agents for M. nodiflorum should be conducted in the native South African distribution, where the greatest diversity of specialist natural enemies is likely to be present.},
}
@article {pmid41103545,
year = {2025},
author = {Comte, S and Bengsen, AJ and Parker, L and Forsyth, DM},
title = {Annual, seasonal, and daily space-use of Common Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Australian agricultural landscapes.},
journal = {Journal of mammalogy},
volume = {106},
number = {5},
pages = {1261-1272},
pmid = {41103545},
issn = {0022-2372},
abstract = {The Common Fallow Deer (Dama dama; hereafter "fallow deer") has been widely translocated from its native Mediterranean range and is now present on all continents except Antarctica. In some countries-such as Australia-introduced populations of fallow deer have increased in range and abundance, negatively affecting agricultural production. However, little is known about how this species uses these agricultural landscapes annually, seasonally, or daily. We used GPS collars to track the hourly movements of 68 adult fallow deer (25 males, 43 females) at 3 sites in mixed pastoral farmland (a mosaic of open eucalypt woodland and pasture) in eastern Australia between 2020 and 2024. We estimated annual and monthly home ranges, daily distance moved, and diel movement cycles. As expected, annual home ranges (using the biased random bridge method) were larger for males (median = 1,848.1 ha, 95% CrI: 929.2 to 3,584.0 ha) than females (median = 646.3 ha, 95% CrI: 368.1 to 1,068.5 ha), and home ranges and core areas were similar across the 3 sites. Both sexes had a strong crepuscular movement pattern that was consistent across sites. Male fallow deer increased their movement rates in April-May (i.e., during the mating season), and their movement patterns were most restricted during summer. Female fallow deer movements were more consistent across the year than those of males, but movement patterns were also most restricted during summer. There was substantial individual variation in daily movement patterns between and within sites, especially during the mating season. Most individuals exhibited strong site fidelity, but some males and females made short excursions (up to a week and 10 km) from their home range. The strong site fidelity of fallow deer suggests that management strategies utilizing repeated culling will be most effective at reducing overabundant fallow deer populations in Australian agricultural landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid41101773,
year = {2025},
author = {Hayes, JJ and Bell, NCS and Best, LR and Bruslind, SR and Case, LA and Johnson, DO and Legier, KN and Mead, ME and Spofford, TS and Chakrabarti, P and Baugus, LN and Langellotto, GA},
title = {Pacific Northwest native plants and native cultivars part II: plant and pollinator traits.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1386-1402},
pmid = {41101773},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//Y. Sherry Sheng and Spike Wadsworth/ ; //Garden Club of America/ ; //Native Plant Society of Oregon/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/physiology ; *Pollination ; *Flowers/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; Plant Nectar ; Pollen ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The use of native plant cultivars in pollinator plantings is somewhat controversial. Although some cultivars originate from wild populations, others are bred for novel ornamental traits, which may have unintended impacts on floral rewards, such as nectar and pollen. It is unclear whether changes in floral displays and/or rewards may alter plant-pollinator relationships. We established an experimental garden of Pacific Northwest native plants and native cultivars to evaluate differences in their floral traits and bee communities. We used a combination of methodologies to quantify variation in plant traits that could influence pollinator foraging, including those associated with floral displays (eg petal color, corolla morphology) and floral rewards (pollen and nectar). We also measured changes in bee community composition (eg species associations, functional diversity) across plant groups. We found that cultivars varied significantly from native plants across multiple floral display or reward traits. No plants were bred for nectar or pollen traits, thus changes in rewards were likely pleiotropic. Nine out of 10 tested cultivars had dissimilar bee communities to their native plant counterpart, though minimally developed cultivars were associated with similar bee species and functional traits. Our results suggest that the development of native plant cultivars can come at the cost of pollinator functional richness, though some variation in bee composition may be expected among wild plant populations with diverse phenotypes. Plants with phenotypes consistent with wild-type plants tended to support functionally rich bee communities and should be emphasized in plantings to maximize potential benefits to pollinators.},
}
@article {pmid41101766,
year = {2025},
author = {Hogg, BN and Daane, KM},
title = {Semi-natural habitat as a source of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and its parasitoids in California cane berry fields.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {6},
pages = {2682-2691},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf267},
pmid = {41101766},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2030-22000-029-000D//USDA CRIS/ ; 2030-22000-033-000D//USDA CRIS/ ; 2020-51181-32140//USDA NIFA/ ; 18-0001-058-SC//California Specialty Crop Grant Program/ ; 2030-22000-029-000D//USDA/ ; 2030-22000-033-000D//USDA/ ; 2020-51181-32140//NIFA/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Drosophila/parasitology/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Female ; Male ; California ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Seasons ; Population Dynamics ; Fruit ; },
abstract = {The invasive pest spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), attacks many wild and ornamental hosts and may persist in semi-natural habitats when fruit is unavailable in the crop. Semi-natural habitat or non-crop habitat (NCH) may also provide shelter for D. suzukii or refuge from insecticide applications. We examined population dynamics of D. suzukii in berry fields and adjacent NCH over 3 growing seasons and sampled at different distances from NCH to determine whether NCH is a source for D. suzukii and its parasitoids in adjacent crop fields. Numbers of D. suzukii adults were higher in NCH on most sample dates and increased in berry fields with proximity to NCH in spring and fall, indicating that NCH was a refuge and source for D. suzukii. Proportions of female D. suzukii were higher in berry fields in spring and fall and increased with distance from NCH along transects, suggesting that females dispersed more widely in berry fields than males. NCH did not appear to be a significant source of D. suzukii in summer, when D. suzukii numbers tended to be similar between habitats and did not change along transects within berry fields. Parasitism of sentinel D. suzukii pupae by the dominant naturally occurring parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae (Perkins) did not differ between NCH and berry fields, indicating that T. drosophilae dispersed easily between habitats.},
}
@article {pmid41099278,
year = {2025},
author = {Fumarola, LM and Leoni, V and Marchessaux, G and Sarà, G and Piraino, S and Bosch-Belmar, M},
title = {Global Warming and the Spread of the Introduced Jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda: Thermal Niche and Habitat Suitability in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {10},
pages = {e70548},
pmid = {41099278},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {B73C22000790001//National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4 - Call for tender No. 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree No. 3175 of 18 December 2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU; Project code CN_00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of 17 June 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, Project title "National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC"/ ; G.A.n&#xb0;101060072//European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme ACTNOW project "Advancing understanding of Cumulative Impacts on European marine biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services for human wellbeing"/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Scyphozoa/physiology ; *Global Warming ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Animal Distribution ; Temperature ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Climate change affects marine ecosystems in multiple ways, including sea warming and changes in biological community structure and diversity. The Mediterranean Sea has emerged as one of the most vulnerable regions, also because of the diverse patterns of introduction of non-native species. First recorded in the coastal waters of Cyprus in 1903, the Red Sea jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda (Forskål, 1775) is spreading its distribution and local abundance, posing questions on its potential ecological implications. Here we identified the thermal tolerance, habitat suitability, and potential distribution range of the C. andromeda polyps, a key life cycle stage responsible for asexual reproduction and population persistence. By laboratory-controlled respirometric measurements, we assessed that the polyps of C. andromeda exhibit their optimal metabolic performances at high water temperatures, but they are tolerant to winter conditions across the Mediterranean basin. Combining experimental respiration measurements with modelling approaches enabled the definition of the species' fundamental thermal niche, with an optimal seawater temperature at 35.7°C and critical limits at 6.4°C (minimum) and 39°C (maximum). Trait-based thermal habitat suitability maps indicated a future increase of favourable habitats for the species under warming conditions according to the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5 for 2050) in Mediterranean coastal areas. In the context of climate change scenarios, the rise of seawater temperature may enable polyps to thrive across a wider geographic range, predicting a westward and northward enlargement of C. andromeda populations in the Mediterranean Sea.},
}
@article {pmid41099184,
year = {2026},
author = {Buchkowski, RW},
title = {A field test of whether herbivores mitigate the effects of plant invasions on soil biodiversity.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {95},
number = {2},
pages = {249-252},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70161},
pmid = {41099184},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {CRC-2023-00334//Canada Research Chairs/ ; RGPIN-2024-05238//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Soil/chemistry ; Australia ; *Food Chain ; Grassland ; *Poaceae ; },
abstract = {Research Highlight: Marco Fioratti Junod, Irene Cordero, Nadia Chinn, Jennifer Firn, Julia Holmes, Marcus Klein, Gabrielle Lebbink, Uffe N. Nielsen, Martin Schütz, Stephan Zimmermann, Anita C. Risch. (2025). Herbivory mediates the response of below-ground food webs to invasive grasses. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70113. A recent paper by Junod et al. (2025) tested whether herbivores could mitigate the effects of invasive African lovegrass on soil biodiversity in Australian grasslands. They found that herbivores, including livestock, native mammals and invertebrates, acted to reverse four of the 13 negative effects that African lovegrass had on soil biodiversity and function. Their work demonstrated two mechanisms through which herbivores may have acted-reducing plant litter and increasing soil temperature. The paper also highlights the difficulty of predicting the response of soil biodiversity to change because of unclear interdependencies among organisms. General techniques such as food web models, isotopic tracers and more detailed study of the lives of soil organisms will help us bridge this knowledge gap.},
}
@article {pmid41098972,
year = {2025},
author = {Kirova, N and Kirova, V and Kotov, A},
title = {Diversity of the cladocerans (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in the Republic of Tyva, Russian Federation.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e163656},
pmid = {41098972},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The cladoceran fauna is well studied across the Palaearctic, but remains poorly known in the Republic of Tyva, Russia. Our database represents the results of the faunistic survey of the cladocerans in this region performed during almost 30 years (1993-2022). A total of 902 sites were investigated, most of them being located in mountain areas (49°45' - 53°46' North latitude and 88°49' - 98°56' East longitude). The dataset includes the cladocerans sampled from permanent and temporary waterbodies with varying depths, altitudes and salinity levels. Sampling was conducted using plankton nets and then samples were transported to the Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources of the Siberian Branch of RAS for identification and further examined at the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Ecology RAS. Species were identified, based on recent monographs and juvenile specimens (sometimes indeterminable, based on morphological methods) were excluded from the dataset. The dataset was published as a Darwin Core Archive in GBIF. For each sampling event, the coordinates of the location, date and collector are recorded.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: The dataset contains information on zooplankton and microzoobenthos from numerous permanent and temporary waterbodies in the Republic of Tyva, Russian Federation. Previously, the region's cladoceran fauna was poorly studied.Our core data table includes 3,599 records representing 76 species from 902 locations. The most species-rich families are Chydoridae (30 species from 17 genera) and Daphniidae (26 species from 5 genera). No invasive species were detected.The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the plankton and microzoobenthos communities in the Central Asian mountain regions.},
}
@article {pmid41098891,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Jia, H and Peng, J and Peng, X and Ren, Z and Zhang, H},
title = {Monitoring Alien Species Diversity in Ballast Water Based on Environmental DNA Metabarcoding.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72320},
pmid = {41098891},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive alien species pose serious threats to ecosystems, public health, and socio-economic systems, with ballast water discharge serving as a major pathway for their introduction. Organisms that survive the harsh conditions inside ballast tanks may establish populations in recipient ports, where they can disrupt native biodiversity. Therefore, effective monitoring of ballast water is essential for reducing the risk of biological invasions. This study applied environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to investigate the biological communities in ballast water from ships arriving at Dongjiakou Port, Qingdao, with a particular focus on alien species. Three universal primer sets targeting the 18S V4, 18S V9, and 12S regions were used to amplify and sequence DNA from phytoplankton, invertebrates, and fish. In total, nine ballast water samples were collected from six ships originating from the South China Sea, Seto Inland Sea, Taiwan Strait, and the Yellow Sea. Bioinformatic analysis revealed 16 alien phytoplankton species, 13 alien invertebrate species, and 12 alien fish species, including three invasive species: Styela clava, Lates calcarifer, and Anguilla anguilla. Species composition varied considerably among tanks on the same ship, whereas ballast water location and age had no significant effect on composition across different ships. These results demonstrate the potential of eDNA metabarcoding as an efficient, noninvasive approach for monitoring ballast water biodiversity and alien species. Such insights are valuable for informing policy and management strategies to curb the spread of invasive species through shipping networks.},
}
@article {pmid41096878,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, K and Liu, T and Xu, A and Yu, J and Yang, Y and Liu, J and Li, F and Zhu, D and Gong, L and Liu, L and Lü, Z},
title = {Genomic Signatures of Adaptive Evolution in Taenioides sp. During Northward Invasion.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {41096878},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {42171069 and 41976121//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; China ; Genetic Variation ; Genomics/methods ; Genetics, Population ; *Perciformes/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome ; Gene Flow ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {The success and impact of biological invasions depend on adaptations to novel abiotic and biotic selective pressures. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptations in invasive species are inadequately understood. Taenioides sp. is an invasive worm goby, originally endemic to brackish waters in the estuaries of Southeastern China, and now colonizes multiple inland freshwaters of North China within decades as a byproduct of the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer (ESNT) project. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptations to the climate of North China, especially the temperature regime, are unknown. Here, we performed genomic resequencing analysis to assess genetic diversity and population genetic structure, and further investigated the genomic signatures of local adaptation in the invasive population of Taenioides sp. during their northward invasion. We revealed that all invasive populations exhibited no genetic differentiation but low gene flow and an obvious signal of population bottleneck. Yangtze River estuary may serve as the source population, while Gaoyou Lake serves as a potential bridgehead of the invasion. Selective sweep analyses revealed 117 genomic regions, containing 673 candidate genes, under positive selection in populations at the invasive front. Redundancy analysis suggested that local temperature variables, particularly the monthly minimum temperature, represent critical evolutionary forces in driving adaptive divergence. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that multiple biological processes, including metabolism and energy production, substance transmembrane transport, and neural development and synaptic transmission, may play important roles in adaptation to regional temperature conditions. Our findings revealed a scenario of adaptive evolution in teleost species that underpins their regional climate adaptation and successful establishment of invasive populations in a human-facilitated invasion context. Proper management strategies should be established to manage Taenioides sp invasion as soon as possible.},
}
@article {pmid41095148,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, DZ and Wang, CJ and Zhang, FX and Li, HL},
title = {Risk Assessment of Alien Woody Plants in China's National Nature Reserves Under Climate Change.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {41095148},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {QNTD202510//the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; No.202302//the emergency response project of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China/ ; 2021YFC2600400//the National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Alien woody plants (AWPs) increasingly threaten biodiversity in China's national nature reserves, with climate change expected to intensify these risks. We used species distribution modeling (MaxEnt) and spatial prioritization (Zonation) to assess invasion risk for 251 AWP species across 479 national nature reserves under current and future climate scenarios (SSP245 and SSP585). Spatial prioritization revealed current hotspots in southern tropical-subtropical national nature reserves (e.g., Hainan, Fujian, Yunnan provinces), with significant northward and westward expansion projected under warming. A total of 71 species-such as Quercus robur, Salix alba, and Robinia pseudoacacia-pose consistently high risks, while some others (e.g., Ficus benghalensis) may become emerging threats under future conditions. These range shifts are driven by thermal constraint relaxation and longer growing seasons. To mitigate future impacts, we recommend region-specific strategies: containment and seed-source control in southern national nature reserves, and early detection and monitoring in northern and western regions. Our findings provide a spatially explicit framework for climate-informed invasive species management in protected areas.},
}
@article {pmid41095107,
year = {2025},
author = {Nădășan, I and Babotă, M and Rusu, A and Tanase, C},
title = {Potential Therapeutic and Medicinal Applications of Four Invasive Non-Native Plant Species: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review of PubMed Studies.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {41095107},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Invasive non-native plant species are of ecological concern globally, as they may negatively affect biodiversity, the economy, and human health. At the same time, invasive non-native plants comprise an underutilised biomass that contains valuable natural bioactive compounds, which could find various biomedical applications and potential medicinal uses. In this paper, we aimed to systematically review the published data surrounding four selected invasive non-native plant species in a medical and therapeutic context. The search was conducted using PubMed and PRISMA guidelines, and strict criteria were employed to provide a thorough framework for the study selection process. After rigorous screening of the 53 selected articles, we were able to summarise the main findings and current knowledge regarding the valorisation opportunities for the selected plants in a medical context and to identify research gaps and highlight further research opportunities. Finally, we concluded that the selected invasive non-native plant species may provide valuable services in the biomedical field if the focus of future research is concentrated on their potential applicability in clinical settings. Furthermore, the valorisation of invasive non-native plant species may prove to be a viable strategy for controlling their spread.},
}
@article {pmid41092661,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, J and Yang, B and Mokrani, A and Xu, M and Han, X and Bean, TP and Ellis, RP and Liu, S},
title = {Geographic origin and post-invasion genetic divergence of Mytilus galloprovincialis in China.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {118807},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118807},
pmid = {41092661},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mytilus/genetics ; China ; *Introduced Species ; *Genetic Variation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Gene Flow ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions serve as natural experiments to investigate how species adapt to novel environments. The Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), a highly successful marine invader and strong biofouler, has formed dominant populations along the coast of China. However, its genetic origin, population structure, and the consequences for the genetic diversity of invasive and native populations remain unclear. To address this, we employed a 60 K SNP array to genotype 320 individuals sampled from seven geographic populations, along with 112 reference samples. The results indicate a clear genetic affinity between Chinese and Mediterranean populations (FST < 0.05), while moderate differentiation was observed from Atlantic populations (FST > 0.05), supporting a Mediterranean origin. Genetic differentiation was observed in Dalian, whereas Lianyungang served as a key gene flow sink from both Mediterranean origins and nearby invasive populations. Moreover, using just 20 SNPs with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model yielded 84 % classification accuracy, closely matching the full array's performance. Our findings provide novel insights into the invasion history and post-invasion genetic dynamics of M. galloprovincialis in East Asia and highlight the utility of SNP tools for species identification, population monitoring, and pollution-related biomonitoring in marine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41092659,
year = {2026},
author = {Diniz, LGR and Cappelini, LTD and Boas, ASCAV and Mansano, AS and de Almeida Oliveira, TM and Franco, TCRS and Quinete, N and Vieira, EM},
title = {Antifouling booster biocides diuron and irgarol at Brazilian ports.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {118755},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118755},
pmid = {41092659},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Diuron/analysis ; Brazil ; *Triazines/analysis ; *Disinfectants/analysis ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Biofouling/prevention &amp; control ; Ships ; Seawater/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Biofouling, the natural buildup of organisms on submerged surfaces like ship hulls, is usually controlled using antifouling paints containing biocides such as diuron and irgarol, which are widely detected in marine environments. While these paints help reduce maintenance costs and ecological risks like invasive species, their use in port areas can still contribute to environmental pollution and impact coastal ecosystems. In this study, the presence of diuron and irgarol was investigated in water samples collected from the port complex of São Luís and the estuarine systems of Santos and São Vicente in Brazil. A method employing solid phase extraction (SPE) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was validated and applied for the determination of the biocides in surface water. The method demonstrated satisfactory recovery ranging from 72 to 115 % and relative standard deviations below 10 %, with adequate quantification limit of 0.07 ng mL[-1] and 0.50 ng mL[-1] for diuron and irgarol, respectively. Concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 7.39 μgL[-1] for diuron and 1.98 to 5.70 μg L[-1] for irgarol in the studied area, reflecting their current widespread use as primary antifouling agents. Higher concentrations were detected at sites near docking berths, with particularly elevated levels of diuron in anchorage zones. An ecotoxicological risk assessment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach was performed, indicating that the observed water concentrations of biocides may adversely affect several sensitive species and disrupt key ecological functions in the region, with potential impacts on fisheries and livelihoods.},
}
@article {pmid41092440,
year = {2026},
author = {Wilson, S and Thorne, MS and Peck, DC and Wright, MG},
title = {Susceptibility of different forage grasses to feeding damage by Prosapia bicincta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) adults in Hawai'i.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {119},
number = {1},
pages = {555-568},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf266},
pmid = {41092440},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {65973//Hawai'i Department of Agriculture/ ; 68126//Hawai'i Department of Agriculture/ ; //Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources/ ; C81112//Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; C20556//Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; C30930//Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; 58-2040-9-010//United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service/ ; C006362//Hawai'i County Office of Research and Development/ ; C81112//Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; C20556//Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; C30930//Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Hawaii ; *Herbivory ; *Poaceae/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; },
abstract = {The twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), is a pest of forage and turfgrasses causing economic and ecological damage to rangelands in Hawai'i. First detected in 2016, this pest now infests >143,000 ha on Hawai'i Island. Host plant resistance is a key strategy for management of grass-feeding spittlebugs in pastures. The susceptibility of 12 different grass species and cultivars to adult P. bicincta feeding was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Grasses were arranged in a randomized complete block design and after 12 d of adult feeding, damage to the foliage was quantified and above- and below-ground dry biomass were measured. Three species/cultivars were moderately susceptible (foliar damage 28 to 41%) and 2 were extremely susceptible (foliar damage ≥80%). Kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone), a key pasture grass used for livestock forage in Hawai'i, exhibited the highest level of susceptibility (≥85% mean foliar damage) and significant reductions in above- (38 to 50%) and below-ground (51 to 71%) biomass compared to non-infested control plants. Seven grasses demonstrated resistance, with ≤15% mean foliar damage. Among the resistant grasses, 5 were Urochloa (P. Beauv.) cultivars (Cayana, Cayman, Marandú, Mulato II, Sabiá) and the remaining 2 were Bahia T9 (Paspalum notatum (Flugge) var. saurae (Parodi) cv. 'Tifton-9') and fountain grass (Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone). This study is the first to identify resistance in these grasses to P. bicincta. The underlying mechanisms of resistance were not identified and necessitates further research. Hawai'i's existing Kikuyu grass pastures are severely threatened, but the incorporation of resistant grasses is a promising management strategy.},
}
@article {pmid41089890,
year = {2025},
author = {van Koppenhagen, N and Gossner, MM and Eisenring, M and Mathis, DS and Haller, J and Bolliger, J},
title = {Artificial Light at Night Affects Larval Growth Without Altering Survival or Pupation in Spongy Moth (Lymantria dispar dispar).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72311},
pmid = {41089890},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Artificial light at night (ALAN) can disrupt circadian rhythms in nocturnal insects, but its effects on immature stages remain understudied. However, this knowledge is crucial, as a change in the development of insects can have ecological and economic consequences. For example, the spongy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar), native to Europe and Asia, has become an invasive species in North America, causing extensive defoliation of trees in forests and urban landscapes. Therefore, we investigated how LED light color influences larval development and pupation in the spongy moth. Larvae were reared under three light conditions simulating outdoor lighting: (1) neutral white LED (3700 K), (2) amber LED (2200 K), and (3) a dark control (no light). Results showed no significant differences in larval survival, growth patterns, or pupal stage outcomes between treatments. However, larvae exposed to 3700 K light reached significantly higher body masses at the eighth instar than those exposed to 2200 K and tended to be heavier than the control caterpillars. This is accompanied by a consistently higher weight gain at 3700 K in all larval stages. These results suggest that ALAN can influence larval growth-a crucial factor for fitness and population dynamics. Understanding the effects of ALAN on fitness-related traits-especially in pest species like the spongy moth-is critical given the increasing prevalence of nighttime illumination.},
}
@article {pmid41088751,
year = {2026},
author = {Jiao, Z and Ren, Z and Hu, C and Ma, X and Zhang, GQ and Chen, LJ and Wei, G and Peng, DH and Lan, S and Luo, YB and Liu, ZJ},
title = {Unidirectional genomic introgression facilitates the colonization of an invasive orchid in arid, metal-enriched sedimentary habitats.},
journal = {Plant communications},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {101561},
pmid = {41088751},
issn = {2590-3462},
mesh = {Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Dendrobium/genetics/physiology ; *Genetic Introgression ; Droughts ; *Genome, Plant ; *Metals/metabolism ; China ; },
abstract = {Genes that introgress between species can influence the evolutionary and ecological fate of recipients exposed to novel environments. However, key questions on the patterns and molecular mechanisms of introgression in perennial herbaceous plants, which enable distantly related invasive species to thrive in extreme habitats, remain largely unanswered. Here, we report unidirectional introgression from the local species Dendrobium huoshanense to the distantly related invasive species Dendrobium catenatum (Dendrobium officinale) in lithophytic habitats of eastern China. The introgressed regions, which comprise approximately 1% of the genome, contain genes that regulate responses to drought, cold, and metal-ion stresses. Notably, introgressed loci such as CDPK, HHP, PIF, BRI1, and FY show distinct selection signatures and differential expression compared with their paralogs, each playing a distinct role in drought and cold-stress responses. In addition, CIPK23, PDR9, and HAM demonstrate differential expression relative to their paralogous genes and alleles within introgressed loci, indicating their potential involvement in responses to metal-ion stress. Introgression thus facilitates the colonization of arid, metal-enriched sedimentary habitats by D. catenatum. These findings enhance our understanding of Orchidaceae evolution and reveal the evolutionary role of unidirectional introgression in the adaptation of perennial herbaceous plants to extreme environments.},
}
@article {pmid41088498,
year = {2025},
author = {Desai, C and Nariani, D and Dave, R and Ghosal, R},
title = {Fission or fusion: shoaling adaptations in green chromides (Etroplus suratensis) across multiple manipulations.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70253},
pmid = {41088498},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {AU/SUG/SAS/BLS/2018-19/20//Ahmedabad University/ ; },
abstract = {Collective behaviour contributes towards increased fitness. However, in fission-fusion societies, the decision to participate in a group is based on the cost-benefit ratio derived under a given condition. In today's world, this ratio dramatically changes due to increased challenges in degraded habitats, impacting behavioural decisions towards social grouping. In this paper, we used fish shoal as a unit of collective behaviour and investigated variations in shoaling adaptations across a range of manipulations, mimicking challenges faced by the species under natural conditions. We used green chromides (Etroplus suratensis), a cichlid fish species, and characterized their shoaling behaviour under laboratory conditions for two group sizes, 4 and 8. We then examined the effects of different manipulations, for example food-deprivation and reduced space (both mimicking resource constrained conditions), and the presence of hetero species, including tilapia (Oreochromis spp., an alien species widespread within the habitats of E. suratensis), on their shoaling behaviour. Our results showed that E. suratensis formed shoals in both group sizes, 4 and 8. In subsequent analyses, we used group size 8 as a control and demonstrated that space reduction and food deprivation significantly impacted shoaling, reducing shoal splits and occurrences of solitary fish, while increasing incidences of single, cohesive shoals comprising all individuals. E. suratensis also formed mixed-species shoals with alien Oreochromis spp., but exhibited a large percentage (in absolute terms) of shoal splits. Overall, E. suratensis exhibited plasticity in their shoaling behaviour and increased fusion of shoals under challenging conditions, which was in contrast to showing more fission in the presence of the alien species.},
}
@article {pmid41088429,
year = {2025},
author = {Wen, X and Liu, Q and Tang, X and Yu, F and Chen, J},
title = {A lightweight convolutional neural network for tea leaf disease and pest recognition.},
journal = {Plant methods},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {129},
pmid = {41088429},
issn = {1746-4811},
support = {2024A02006-2//Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {The tea industry plays a vital role in China's green economy. Tea trees (Melaleuca alternifolia) are susceptible to numerous diseases and pest threats, making timely pathogen detection and precise pest identification critical requirements for agricultural productivity. Current diagnostic limitations primarily arise from data scarcity and insufficient discriminative feature representation in existing datasets. This study presents a new tea disease and pest dataset (TDPD, 23-class taxonomy). Five lightweight convolutional neural networks (LCNNs) were systematically evaluated through two optimizers, three learning rate configurations and six distinct scheduling strategies. Additionally, an enhanced MnasNet variant was developed through the integration of SimAM attention mechanisms, which improved feature discriminability and increased the accuracy of tea leaf disease and pest classification. Model validation employs both our proprietary TDPD dataset and an open-access dataset, with performance evaluation metrics including average accuracy, F1 score, recall, and parameter size. The experimental results demonstrated the superior classification performance of the model, which achieved accuracies of 98.03% based on TDPD and 84.58% based on the public dataset. This research outlines an effective paradigm for automated tea disease and pest detection, with direct applications in precision agriculture through integration with UAV-mounted imaging systems and mobile diagnostic platforms. This study provides practical implementation pathways for intelligent tea plantation management.},
}
@article {pmid41086849,
year = {2025},
author = {Saban, KE and Wiens, JJ},
title = {Unpacking the extinction crisis: rates, patterns and causes of recent extinctions in plants and animals.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2057},
pages = {20251717},
pmid = {41086849},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//National Science Foundation, U.S.A./ ; },
mesh = {*Extinction, Biological ; Animals ; *Plants ; *Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Biodiversity loss is one of the greatest challenges facing Earth today. The most direct information on species losses comes from recent extinctions. However, our understanding of these recent, human-related extinctions is incomplete across life, especially their causes and their rates and patterns among clades, across habitats and over time. Furthermore, prominent studies have extrapolated from these extinctions to suggest a current mass extinction event. Such extrapolations assume that recent extinctions predict current extinction risk and are homogeneous among groups, over time and among environments. Here, we analyse rates and patterns of recent extinctions (last 500 years). Surprisingly, past extinctions did not strongly predict current risk among groups. Extinctions varied strongly among groups, and were most frequent among molluscs and some tetrapods, and relatively rare in plants and arthropods. Extinction rates have increased over the last five centuries, but generally declined in the last 100 years. Recent extinctions were predominantly on islands, whereas the majority of non-island extinctions were in freshwater. Island extinctions were most frequently related to invasive species, but habitat loss was the most important cause (and current threat) in continental regions. Overall, we identify the major patterns in recent extinctions but caution against extrapolating them into the future.},
}
@article {pmid41085929,
year = {2026},
author = {Rubio Corona, CG and Rangel Negrín, A and Dias, PAD},
title = {Spatial organization of mantled howler monkeys in relation to dog disturbance.},
journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
volume = {67},
number = {1},
pages = {115-123},
pmid = {41085929},
issn = {1610-7365},
mesh = {Animals ; Dogs ; Male ; *Social Behavior ; Female ; *Alouatta/physiology ; Mexico ; Introduced Species ; *Spatial Behavior ; *Predatory Behavior ; },
abstract = {Predation risk fundamentally shapes primate social structure by influencing cooperation, competition, and spatial organization within groups. Although domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) represent one of the world's most impactful invasive species affecting wildlife, their influence on primate social structure remains largely understudied. We examined how dog presence and barks influence interindividual proximity among group members in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). We studied two habituated groups (10 and 8 adults, respectively) in Veracruz, Mexico, combining 242 h of observational data with experimental playbacks of dog barks at different intensities (40 and 80 dB). We calculated proximity indices from instantaneous sampling of interindividual proximity. Howler monkeys were closer immediately following exposure to dogs, partially supporting our hypothesis that interindividual proximity would change in response to dogs. Contrary to predictions, individuals were farther from each other as bark intensity increased and as proximity to dog stimuli decreased. During longer timeframes, individuals were closer when exposed to low-intensity barks compared to periods without dog stimuli. These findings demonstrate that dogs influence howler monkey spatial organization through context-dependent effects that vary with stimulus characteristics and temporal scale. Despite the short-term nature of this study, the consistency between observational and experimental results suggests these patterns are reliable. Therefore, these results contribute to our understanding of how invasive predators affect primate social structure and highlight the importance of managing free-ranging dogs in areas where they overlap with wildlife populations.},
}
@article {pmid41082708,
year = {2025},
author = {Hoque, MB and Hannan, MA and Haque, P and Tappo, S},
title = {Multi-solvent extraction, quantification and characterisation of tannin from Neltuma juliflora bark: a pathway to sustainable utilisation.},
journal = {Natural product research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1080/14786419.2025.2572037},
pmid = {41082708},
issn = {1478-6427},
abstract = {This research investigates the extraction, quantification and characterisation of tannin from the bark of Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf. (N. juliflora, formerly known as Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.), an invasive species that is widely available but underutilised. Various solvent extraction techniques, including single-phase, combined and sequential extractions, were evaluated. The highest tannin yield (85%) was obtained with 4% NaOH in single-phase extraction, while combined extraction resulted in the highest tannin purity (85.91%). Sequential extraction demonstrated solvent selectivity, with methanol producing the highest extract (93.6%) and acetone yielding a highly purified fraction (83.14%). The presence of essential tannin functional groups was validated by Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The analysis of band gap energy indicated values between 4.00 and 5.09 eV, varying with the extraction method. These findings underscore N. juliflora as a promising sustainable tannin source, which offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional sources and supports invasive species control efforts.},
}
@article {pmid41081885,
year = {2025},
author = {Lou, Y and Tao, W and Wang, ZA},
title = {Effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition II: PDE models.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {55},
pmid = {41081885},
issn = {1432-1416},
mesh = {*Predatory Behavior ; Animals ; *Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Food Chain ; Mathematical Concepts ; Competitive Behavior ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {In Lou et al. (Lou Y, Tao W, Wang Z-A. Effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition I: ODE models. J. Math. Biol. 91 (2025), 47, 37 pages), the authors investigated the effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition using a temporal (ODE) system consisting of one predator and two prey species (one is native and the other is invasive) with Holling type I and II functional responses. This paper is a sequel to Lou et al. (Lou Y, Tao W, Wang Z-A. Effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition I: ODE models. J. Math. Biol. 91 (2025), 47, 37 pages.), by including spatial movements (diffusion and prey-taxis) into the ODE system and examining the spatial effects on the population dynamics under the predator-mediated apparent competition. We establish the global boundedness of solutions in a two-dimensional bounded domain with Neumann boundary conditions and the global stability of constant steady states in certain parameter regimes, by which we find a threshold dynamics in terms of the predator's death rate. For the parameters outside the global stability regimes, we conduct a linear stability analysis to show that diffusion and/or prey-taxis can induce instability by both steady-state and Hopf bifurcations. We further use numerical simulations to illustrate that various spatial patterns are all possible, including stable spatial aggregation patterns, spatially homogeneous but time-periodic patterns, and spatially inhomogeneous and time-oscillatory patterns. It comes with a surprise that either of diffusion and prey-taxis can induce steady-state or Hopf bifurcations to generate intricate spatial patterns in the one predator-two prey system, which is sharply different from the one predator-one prey system for which neither diffusion nor prey-taxis can induce spatial patterns. These results show that spatial movements play profound roles in the emerging properties for predator-prey systems with multiple prey species. We also find that prey-taxis may play dual roles (stabilization and destabilization) and facilitate the predator-mediated apparent competition to eliminate the native prey species under the moderate initial mass of invasive prey species.},
}
@article {pmid41080488,
year = {2025},
author = {Sánchez, O and Quiñonero-Salgado, S and Nagel, KO and López-Soriano, J and Arias, A},
title = {What Are We Protecting? On the Silent Arrival of Anodonta cygnea to Spain.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e71600},
pmid = {41080488},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Freshwater mussels play essential roles in ecosystem processes, such as water filtration and nutrient cycling, but, in the last decades, they have become increasingly threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and the arrival of invasive species. In this study, a living population of the bivalve Anodonta cygnea is reported in Catalonia, Spain, based on molecular and morphological analyses. A comparison with A. anatina from a nearby population in southern France highlights the importance of using genetic tools to accurately distinguish between closely related freshwater mussel species. The introduction of A. cygnea likely reflects a recent range expansion, facilitated by human activities and environmental changes in the region. Its establishment in local ecosystems raises concerns about potential ecological impacts, including competition with native species and alteration of freshwater habitats. These findings underscore the critical need for effective monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the ecological risks associated with invasive species. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating molecular methods into conservation efforts to improve the understanding of species distributions and address the challenges posed by biodiversity loss in aquatic ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41080473,
year = {2025},
author = {Roberts, JJ and Wignall, A and Brunton, DH},
title = {Movement Ecology of Adult Male Threatened Katipō (Latrodectus katipo) and Invasive False Katipō (Steatoda capensis).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72232},
pmid = {41080473},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Studies in movement ecology are crucial for understanding how physical performance affects an animal's ability to find resources, including new ranges or mating opportunities. Invasive species frequently exhibit high levels of boldness and exploratory behaviour, enhancing their ability to establish and spread in new environments. Our study compared the locomotor performance and exploration behaviour of adult male endemic katipō (Latrodectus katipo) and adult male invasive false katipō (Steatoda capensis) spiders collected from a sympatric population. We compared the locomotory and exploration behaviour of these two spider species within the context of differences in their distribution patterns and conservation classification. We conducted three laboratory assays (maze, pole and track) to compare exploration, climbing and running behaviours, respectively. We found that male false katipō are more exploratory than katipō. This aligns with the false katipō's broader habitat range. Male katipō and false katipō had similar pole climbing behaviours, which may reflect the similar use of vertical space within refuges of the two species. False katipō completed the running track faster and more often without stopping when compared to katipō. In contrast, katipō would occasionally freeze while being followed down the track with a paintbrush. Our study provides insight into the comparative locomotor performance of katipō and false katipō, highlighting the potential impacts of physical and behavioural traits on invasive species success and native species decline.},
}
@article {pmid41075572,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, Y and Liang, M and Song, Y and Hong, J and Chen, H and Rizvi, SAH and Lu, Y},
title = {Elemental composition of non-nest soil, nest soil, and ant bodies in globally invasive ant species Solenopsis invicta and Tapinoma melanocephalum across various habitats.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1003},
number = {},
pages = {180644},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180644},
pmid = {41075572},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/chemistry/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis ; *Metals, Heavy/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) and ghost ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum) are globally significant invasive ground-dwelling arthropods. While previous studies have primarily focused on soil differences between nest and non-nest areas of S. invicta, limited attention has been given to the role of ants, particularly T. melanocephalum, in heavy metal accumulation. This study addresses this gap by analyzing heavy metals and essential elements in non-nest soil, nest soil, and ant bodies, revealing distinct species- and habitat-specific patterns. In camellia oil tree plantation and fishpond habitats, S. invicta exhibited negative effect sizes for elements such as C, Co, Ni, Sb, As, Cu, N, Cr, Cd, Pb, and V, with notable reductions in C, As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and N in nest soils compared to non-nest soils. Conversely, T. melanocephalum showed large positive effect sizes for Ni, P, Co, Pb, As, and Cu and negative effect sizes for K, N, C, Mn, and Cd. Yet, Hg was exhibited consistently small effect sizes in nest soils of both species. Heavy metal accumulation in ant bodies varied significantly by species and habitat. T. melanocephalum from abandoned farmland showed higher concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Sb, Mn, Hg, and Cr compared to S. invicta from camellia oil plantations and fishpond habitats. For instance, Cr levels in T. melanocephalum (14.79 μg/g) exceeded those in S. invicta (5.64-6.23 μg/g), while Zn concentrations were higher in S. invicta (195.5 μg/g) than in T. melanocephalum (143.38 μg/g). These findings highlight species- and habitat-specific patterns in elemental composition, emphasizing the role of habitat conditions and species behaviors in shaping essential element and heavy metal dynamics, with implications for understanding the ecological impacts of both invasive ants.},
}
@article {pmid41072371,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, M and Liu, H and Shen, J and Xie, Z and Yang, S and Guo, J and Liu, Y and Lian, H and Wang, D},
title = {Utilizing allelopathy from the invasive plant Solidago canadensis to control Microcystis aeruginosa blooms: An integrated metabolomic and bioassay approach.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {499},
number = {},
pages = {140043},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140043},
pmid = {41072371},
issn = {1873-3336},
mesh = {*Microcystis/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Allelopathy ; Metabolomics ; *Harmful Algal Bloom/drug effects ; *Pheromones/pharmacology ; Biological Assay ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by Microcystis aeruginosa threaten aquatic ecosystems and public health, necessitating eco-friendly control strategies. This study investigates the allelopathic potential of the invasive plant Solidago canadensis for cyanobacterial inhibition through metabolite-mediated interactions. Six polarity-based extracts, aqueous (DL), petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (BA), mixed-phase (EA+BA), and residual aqueous (WA), were tested against M. aeruginosa. The DL and PE extracts showed the strongest algicidal activity (>80 % inhibition at 1.0 g/L), inducing oxidative stress (elevated malondialdehyde) and lipid peroxidation. Untargeted metabolomics (HPLC-MS) identified > 5000 metabolites, predominantly lipids, phenylpropanoids, and organoheterocyclic compounds. Multivariate analysis (PCA, OPLS-DA) revealed distinct chemical profiles, with differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) enriched in pathways linked to secondary metabolism, phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthesis, and redox homeostasis. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) clustered metabolites into ten modules with extract-specific expression patterns. Key allelochemicals, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids (e.g., taxifolin, epicatechin), alkaloids (e.g., atropine, vindoline), and indole-related compounds (e.g., indole-3-acetaldoxime), likely synergistically suppress M. aeruginosa via oxidative damage, membrane disruption, and signaling interference. These findings highlight S. canadensis as a sustainable resource for algal bloom mitigation, offering novel metabolite candidates for ecological management.},
}
@article {pmid41070939,
year = {2025},
author = {Cochrane, MM and Cline, TJ and Schmidt, TS and Dunnigan, JL and Warnock, WG and Muhlfeld, CC},
title = {Non-native prey availability and over-compensatory density dependence drive population dynamics of a native fish predator.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {7},
pages = {e70103},
pmid = {41070939},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Bonneville Power Administration/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey/ ; //USGS Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center/ ; //USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Population Dynamics ; *Trout/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Predatory Behavior ; Population Density ; *Food Chain ; Models, Biological ; *Oncorhynchus/physiology ; },
abstract = {Understanding the factors that regulate population dynamics is crucial for conserving imperiled species. Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a piscivorous salmonid and one of North America's most threatened cold-water species, has declined significantly due to habitat loss, overfishing, invasive species, and climate change. While recovery efforts have primarily targeted these threats, the role of prey availability in influencing bull trout population dynamics under multiple stressors remains poorly understood. Using a stage-based integrated population model, we quantified the effects of non-native prey availability (kokanee; Oncorhynchus nerka), angling pressure, climatic variation, and density-dependent processes on bull trout population dynamics in Lake Koocanusa, a transboundary reservoir and river system (United States and Canada), over a 40-year period (1980-2023). Our results show that bull trout populations are regulated by density-dependent processes, including over-compensation in sub-adult recruitment and reduced adult survival at high densities. Increased kokanee biomass and restricted harvest significantly enhanced bull trout survival and abundance, whereas reduced water availability had a limited negative effect on sub-adult production. Model simulations indicate that as kokanee biomass availability increases, the number of bull trout that can be sustainably harvested also increases. In fact, a modest annual fishery (300 individuals) can be sustained, especially under moderate to high kokanee biomass conditions. These results underscore the importance of prey availability, including non-native species, in supporting bull trout populations. Effective management of threatened apex fish predators like bull trout requires addressing the complex interplay between environmental threats, prey dynamics, and density-dependent mechanisms across all life stages.},
}
@article {pmid41069111,
year = {2025},
author = {Austin, MW and Kaul, AD and Smith, AB and Rothendler, M and Primack, RB},
title = {Herbarium specimens reveal regional patterns of tallgrass prairie invasion and changing species abundance across 130 years.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70632},
pmid = {41069111},
issn = {1469-8137},
abstract = {The spread of non-native species is an acute threat to global biodiversity. However, a lack of long-term, spatially widespread occurrence data has prevented investigation of how multispecies invasions affect native assemblages. We harnessed > 65 000 digitized herbarium specimens across 522 species to study how relative abundances of native and non-native species in the tallgrass prairie flora have changed since the 1890s across three ecoregions of Missouri, USA. To validate specimen-based relative abundances against standardized field surveys, we compiled 65 paired field-herbarium datasets and tested whether native percent cover positively correlates with the relative abundance of native specimens. Non-natives were more likely to have increased in the Interior Plain and Interior Highland, while species that changed abundance in the Atlantic Plain were more likely to have decreased regardless of native status. Native percent cover and relative abundance of native specimens were positively correlated (R[2] = 0.175), and trends were robust to overall sample size through time. Our results support using herbarium specimens for investigating relative abundance shifts of native and non-native species. Specimen-based relative abundance shifts have scientific value for providing quick, taxonomically and spatially broad overviews of how non-natives have affected native assemblages, which can guide more precise, fine-scale investigations.},
}
@article {pmid41066542,
year = {2026},
author = {Hansen, TE and Corpuz, RL and Simmonds, TJ and Aldebron, C and Mason, CJ and Geib, SM and Sim, SB},
title = {Genome report: chromosome-scale genome assembly of the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae).},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41066542},
issn = {2160-1836},
support = {//USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS)/ ; 2040-22430-028-000-D//Advancing Molecular Pest Management, Diagnostics, and Eradication of Fruit Flies and Invasive Species/ ; //Integrative identification methods for Bactrocera fruit flies/ ; 0201-88888-003-000D//AI Center of Excellence of the USDA Agricultural Research Service/ ; 0201-88888-002-000D//AI Center of Excellence of the USDA Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Tephritidae/genetics ; *Genome, Insect ; Female ; Male ; *Genomics/methods ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; *Chromosomes, Insect/genetics ; Olea/parasitology ; },
abstract = {The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a specialist of Olea fruits and is a major pest of commercial olives due to their adverse impacts to fruit quality. In support of genomic and physiological research of the olive fly, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated 2 independent genomes: one from a wild-collected male and one from a wild-collected female. The resulting genomes are highly contiguous, collinear, and complete, attesting to the accuracy and quality of both assemblies. In addition to the autosomes captured as single contigs, the X and Y chromosomes were also identified as evidenced by the X chromosome showing diploid coverage in the female assembly compared to haploid coverage in the male assembly and the Y chromosome being entirely absent from the female assembly. These assemblies represent the first full chromosome-level assembly for olive fly. In addition, a complete genome assembly of a known obligate symbiont, Candidatus Erwinia dacicola, was fully sequenced. The Ca. E. dacicola genome we report here is the most contiguous to date, represented by a gapless chromosome and 2 separate gapless plasmids. These genome assemblies, along with bacterial symbiont assembly, provide foundational resources for future genetic and genomic research in support of its management as an agricultural pest.},
}
@article {pmid41065491,
year = {2025},
author = {Sensui, N and Hirose, E},
title = {Ascidian Larvae Prefer Hydrophobic Substrates for Settlement.},
journal = {Zoological science},
volume = {42},
number = {5},
pages = {478-483},
doi = {10.2108/zs250022},
pmid = {41065491},
issn = {0289-0003},
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/physiology ; *Urochordata/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Wettability ; },
abstract = {The selection of settlement sites by larvae is a crucial event in the life cycle of sessile animals, as they are usually unable to migrate after settlement and metamorphosis into sessile forms. For example, some species prefer hydrophilic substrates, whereas others prefer hydrophobic substrates. Understanding larval preferences for substrates will provide an essential basis for controlling biofouling. In this study, we focused on the water wettability of substrates for settlement and investigated larval substrate preference in three ascidian species, Phallusia philipinennsis, Ascidia sydneiensis, and Ciona robusta (= C. intestinalis type A), using a four-choice assay with substrates of different water wettability (contact angle of a water droplet): silicone rubber (115°), polyvinyl chloride (80°), glass (31°), and hydrophilic film SH2CLHF (14°). In some regions of the world, A. sydneiensis and C. robusta are often noted as invasive species and are serious biofoulants. In all three species, larvae showed a significant preference for more hydrophobic substrates, and none settled on the most hydrophilic substrate, that is, SH2CLHF. It is difficult to explain why ascidian larvae prefer a more hydrophobic substrate, since hydrophobic materials, such as silicon, are often used as antifouling measures. This inconsistent substrate preference can be applied to mitigate biofouling.},
}
@article {pmid41064847,
year = {2025},
author = {Putra, DF and Abbas, MA and Siregar, TN and Wowor, D},
title = {Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Macrobrachium shrimp in freshwater ecosystems of Aceh, Indonesia.},
journal = {Veterinary world},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {2377-2394},
pmid = {41064847},
issn = {0972-8988},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Freshwater shrimps of the genus Macrobrachium play key ecological and socioeconomic roles in tropical freshwater ecosystems. However, their diversity, habitat associations, and conservation status remain understudied in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to (1) assess the diversity and morphometric variation of Macrobrachium species, (2) map their distribution across lotic and lentic habitats in Aceh, (3) Assess the impact of environment variable on species composition and richness and (4) evaluate their conservation status based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria and local environmental threats.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Field sampling was conducted from September 2022 to December 2023 across 24 sites spanning 13 districts. Specimens were collected using hand nets and traps, and identified using morphological and morphometric criteria. Environmental parameters (temperature, pH, velocity, and substrate) were recorded, and biodiversity indices were calculated. Species distribution and conservation status were analyzed using local distribution (LD) indices and IUCN Red List categories.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1,303 Macrobrachium specimens representing 13 species were recorded. Macrobrachium lanchesteri was the most abundant and widely distributed species (LD = 50%), particularly in lentic habitats. Species such as Macrobrachium pilimanus and Macrobrachium lar showed narrow distributions. Lotic habitats supported higher species diversity (H' = 1.28) compared to lentic ones. Environmental variables significantly influenced species presence. While 10 species were categorized as least concern, three species (Macrobrachium australe, Macrobrachium esculentum, Macrobrachium mammillodactylus) were unlisted by the IUCN, indicating data deficiency. Evidence of invasive species presence and habitat degradation was observed in several sites.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Aceh hosts a diverse assemblage of Macrobrachium species, but they are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances and invasive species. The findings underscore the need for habitat conservation, sustainable fisheries management, and expanded monitoring-particularly for data-deficient species and those with narrow distributions. Molecular tools and long-term ecological monitoring are recommended for future research to better support regional conservation planning.},
}
@article {pmid41063535,
year = {2025},
author = {Puthumana, MA and Bisht, MS and Singh, M and Sharma, VK},
title = {Genome assembly and insights into globally invasive Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer).},
journal = {DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {41063535},
issn = {1756-1663},
support = {//Department of Biotechnology/ ; BT/PR51934/BTIS/137/86/2024//Government of India/ ; //IISER Bhopal/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Phylogeny ; *Introduced Species ; *Passeriformes/genetics/classification ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; *Genome ; Transcriptome ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; },
abstract = {The Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) of the Pycnonotidae family is one of the most invasive tropical passerine bird species. We accomplished the genome and transcriptome sequencing of P. cafer to explore the genomic basis of invasiveness and assembled the genome size of 1.03 Gb and 15,533 protein-coding genes with an N50 of 3.04 Mb and 97.2% BUSCO completeness. Our study constructed the mitogenome and 18S rRNA marker gene of P. cafer for the first time. Further, we investigated the demographic history and identified recent genetic bottlenecks the species experienced. We established the phylogenetic position of P. cafer and examined the gene family evolution along with orthologous gene clustering to provide clues on the invasive characteristics of P. cafer. Our study thus serves as a significant resource for future studies in invasion genomics and the possible management of this bird species in alien ranges.},
}
@article {pmid41062781,
year = {2025},
author = {de Souza, MBN and Campelo, BRM and Monteiro, AJD and de Lima, DB and Melo, JWDS},
title = {Predictive Modeling of the Distribution of the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Brazil: Identifying Vulnerable Areas and Potential Impacts.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {106},
pmid = {41062781},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {312560/2023-0//CNPq/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; *Weevils/physiology ; *Arecaceae ; *Animal Distribution ; Models, Theoretical ; Biodiversity ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), commonly known as the red palm weevil, is one of the most destructive invasive pests threatening palm species worldwide. Its rapid global spread has been facilitated by the international trade of infested plant material and its cryptic life cycle. In Brazil, a country with one of the highest palm species diversities and significant coconut production along its coastline, the introduction and establishment of R. ferrugineus pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and the agricultural economy. In this study, we used the MaxEnt modeling approach to predict the potential distribution of R. ferrugineus in Brazil, based on 79 occurrence records and nine selected bioclimatic variables. The consensus model exhibited excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.95, TSS = 0.84). Our results indicate that coastal areas of the Northeast, Southeast, and South regions present high environmental suitability for the species, with low uncertainty, while portions of the Amazon show moderate suitability coupled with higher uncertainty. The mean temperature of the driest quarter (BIO9) was identified as the most influential variable, aligning with the species' thermal preferences. The presence of highly suitable areas overlapping regions of dense palm diversity and economically important crops underscores the urgent need for early detection and integrated management strategies. Our findings provide critical insights for biosecurity planning and highlight Brazil's vulnerability to R. ferrugineus invasion.},
}
@article {pmid41062602,
year = {2025},
author = {Bernardo, U and Nugnes, F and Ascolese, R and Carbone, C and Miele, F and Innangi, M and Di Febbraro, M},
title = {Predicting the invasion risk of Bactrocera dorsalis in Italy under climate and land cover change.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {35096},
pmid = {41062602},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {URCoFi project (Unit&#xe0; Regionale Coordinamento Fitosanitario)//Regione Campania/ ; Agritech National Research Center (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) - missione 4 componente 2, investimento 1.4 - d.d. 1032 17/06/2022, cn00000022)//European Union Next-GenerationEU/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Italy ; *Tephritidae/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Bactrocera dorsalis, the oriental fruit fly (OFF), is a highly polyphagous and multivoltine invasive insect threatening over 600 fruit crop species globally. Originating in Asia, OFF has spread to Africa, Europe, and the United States. This study assessed the current and future potential distribution of OFF in Italy, a likely entry point for its invasion into Europe. Climate and land cover changes projected for 2070 and 2100 were considered. Potential connectivity corridors were identified, and habitat suitability was evaluated within orchards and vineyards. Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) and connectivity analyses revealed a dramatic increase in suitable habitats for OFF under future scenarios. The potential distribution is projected to expand on average by over 1600% under mild conditions and over 7000% under severe conditions, up to 2100. Key environmental factors include mean temperature of the driest quarter, isothermality, precipitation during the driest months, and proximity to forests, urban areas, and roads. Our findings suggest a significant rise in OFF suitability within agricultural areas, particularly vineyards and orchards, posing increased risks to these sectors. Effective management strategies - possibly supported by ecological modelling such as this study - should focus on mass trapping, habitat management, and public awareness to mitigate and contain this pest's spread. These predictions are based on the working assumption that B. dorsalis is locally acclimatized in inland Campania, southern Italy. Although definitive evidence of establishment is still pending, repeated detections in the same area over four consecutive years support the use of Italian records in risk modelling as an early warning strategy.},
}
@article {pmid41061551,
year = {2026},
author = {Gunasekaran, K and Mghili, B and Sompongchaiyakul, P and De-la-Torre, GE and Machendiranathan, M and Bottari, T and Mancuso, M and Charoenpong, C and Chinfak, N},
title = {Potential of marine litter for range expansion of the invasive mussel Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) along the Indian coast.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {118812},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118812},
pmid = {41061551},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; India ; Ecosystem ; *Bivalvia/physiology ; *Mytilidae ; Plastics ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Waste Products ; },
abstract = {Marine litter is a key vector of dispersing invasive species in the marine environment. However, our knowledge of the ecological interactions between these species and litter is still incomplete. Here, we investigated the substrate preferences and physical characteristics of marine litter colonized by the invasive mussel Mytella strigata, and explored the role of litter in the population expansion of this species along the Tamil Nadu coast, India. A total of 72 fouled debris were observed along the study areas. The majority of the fouling litter was composed of plastic (87.5 %), followed by rubber (4.2 %), wood (4.2 %), glass (2.8 %) and metal (1.4 %). A total of 2637 individuals of M. strigata were recorded on the marine litter, with recruitment on plastic substrates. Particularly, M. strigata were most common on large marine litter with irregular or cylindrical shapes, rough surfaces and transparent, blue or green colours. Our work provides evidence that marine litter can play a role in the reproduction of this invasive mussel. Consequently, M. strigata benefits from the litter substrates and the habitat complexity created by anthropogenic materials along the Tamil Nadu coast, enhancing its survival and reproduction. This could promote the expansion of the M. strigata population and thus affect the composition and structure of the marine ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid41061534,
year = {2025},
author = {Anas, M and Huang, ZY and Xiong, H and Imran, M and Yan, MT and Javed, Q and Ren, GQ and Qi, SS and Li, J and Dai, ZC and Du, DL},
title = {Response of invasive Solidago canadensis to foliar application of natural herbicide and glyphosate.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127522},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127522},
pmid = {41061534},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Herbicides/pharmacology ; *Glycine/analogs &amp; derivatives ; Glyphosate ; *Solidago/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; Plant Leaves/drug effects ; Plant Roots ; },
abstract = {Biological invasion changes the ecological and physiological functions of invaded ecosystems. Various control methods, including tillage, digging, burning, and chemical treatments, have been tested to manage invasive plant species. The commonly used broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate is often applied for unwanted plant control. However, it has a significant residual impact on underground water, sediments, and drinking water, reaching levels of up to 70 μg/L. This poses risks to aquatic species, microflora, and human health. In this study, a natural herbicide derived from Sorghum bicolor root extract was foliar sprayed at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 %) along with low and high concentrations of glyphosate to control the growth of Solidago canadensis. The natural herbicide demonstrated significant potential to change the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of S. canadensis under high concentrations, reducing the reliance on glyphosate by up to 60 %. It led to a decrease in root biomass ranging from 26 % to 81 %, leaf area reduction of 11 %-60 %, and a decrease in photosystem II efficiency. Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were also significantly affected, showing a decrease of 49 %-77 %, and stomatal pore size was reduced from 58 % to 91 %. This may impede the gaseous exchange between the plant and its surroundings. The use of the natural herbicide, in combination with low concentrations of glyphosate, holds the potential to manage S. canadensis, control biological invasion, and mitigate the residual effects of glyphosate by inhibiting the shikimate pathway.},
}
@article {pmid41060262,
year = {2025},
author = {Ogburn, EC and Schoof, SC and Reisig, DD and Kennedy, GG and Walgenbach, JF},
title = {Validation of phenology models for Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) using field data from climatically different ecoregions.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1423-1431},
pmid = {41060262},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {2016-51181-25409//Specialty Crop Research Initiative program/ ; NCO-02887//Research Capacity Funds (Hatch)/ ; NCO-02778//Research Capacity Funds (Hatch)/ ; NCO-02015//Research Capacity Funds (Hatch)/ ; //U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; 2016-51181-25409//Specialty Crop Research Initiative/ ; NCO-02887//Research Capacity Funds/ ; NCO-02778//Research Capacity Funds/ ; NCO-02015//Research Capacity Funds/ ; //Department of Agriculture's/ ; //National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Oviposition ; Nymph/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Heteroptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Female ; North Carolina ; *Models, Biological ; Climate ; Temperature ; *Hemiptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Halyomorpha halys (Stål), an invasive species of Asian origin, has become a key pest of tree fruit in areas of the Eastern and Pacific Northwest United States. This study used a 5-yr dataset of pheromone trap captures from 4 ecoregions (Mountains, Piedmont, Southeastern Plains, and Atlantic Coastal Plain) of North Carolina to validate temperature-driven phenology models previously reported for oviposition by overwintering adults and eclosion of F1 adults using semi-field cage studies. Cumulative proportion of pheromone trap captures of F1 adults and nymphs over cumulative degree days was compared to predictions based on the previously reported models' quadratic equation curves for adult eclosion (y = -0.0000015x2 + 0.004736x - 2.664) and oviposition (y = 0.0000032x2 - 0.010853x + 9.050). The oviposition model was validated using projected oviposition curves to predict nymphal populations over time by using life stage-specific development and mortality rates. Analysis of coefficients of determination (R2) for all regressions showed that F1 adult model predictions varied by region and year. Mean R2 values in the Mountain, Piedmont, and Southeastern Plains ecoregions for F1 adults were 0.88, 0.93, and 0.93, respectively. Nymphal regressions also varied by ecoregion, with mean R2 values of 0.95, 0.86, and 0.88 in the Mountains, Piedmont, and Southeastern Plains, respectively. Differences among regions were mostly associated with lower R2 values at sites with low population densities. Results are discussed in relation to the value of these models in studying the ecology of invasive species and in informing pest management decisions.},
}
@article {pmid41059537,
year = {2025},
author = {Moore, C and Aukema, BH and Leone, JB and Jetton, RM and Petrice, TR and Ambourn, A and Venette, RC},
title = {Survival of elongate hemlock scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with prolonged cold exposure: overwintering mortality risk across North America.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1311-1323},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf096},
pmid = {41059537},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; *Cold Temperature ; Female ; North Carolina ; *Tsuga ; Michigan ; Seasons ; Longevity ; },
abstract = {Elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is an invasive pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, and other Pinaceae such as Fraser fir, Abies fraseri. Cut Fraser firs (ie for Christmas trees and other holiday greenery) with F. externa have been intercepted in US states beyond where the insect is known to be established and, in some cases, where exposure to freezing temperatures might be prolonged. This study measures the effect of constant low temperatures (3, -10, or -20 °C) on survival of overwintering F. externa females from eastern hemlock in Michigan and from eastern hemlock and Fraser fir in North Carolina. Survival was determined with biochemical viability testing, which assesses the presence of metabolically active cells, and changes in survivorship through time were quantified with Kaplan-Meier methods and beta regression. Collection date and host occasionally affected survival rate but not in a consistent pattern. Survival rates generally decreased as temperature decreased. At 3 °C, F. externa maintained high survival (>75%). At -10 °C, survival was projected to fall to 50% within 22 to 92 d and 10% by 45 to 195 d. At -20 °C, survival typically declined to 50% by 1 to 27 d and 10% by 6 to 52 d. We used survival durations at -20 °C to map how often F. externa might experience 50 or 90% mortality from prolonged cold exposure. Temperatures in recent winters have not been below -20 °C for long enough to stop F. externa from spreading throughout the ranges of eastern hemlock or other hosts in Canada and the continental United States.},
}
@article {pmid41058313,
year = {2026},
author = {McKee, SC and Koppes, P and Miller, RS and Selleck, M and Shwiff, SA},
title = {Wild pigs, wild costs: the economic consequences of wild pig invasions in the United States.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {900-910},
pmid = {41058313},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Feral Swine Damage Management Program/ ; //Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; United States ; *Introduced Species/economics ; *Sus scrofa ; *Animals, Wild ; Agriculture/economics ; Swine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), an invasive species in the United States, cause extensive ecological and economic harm, impacting agriculture, forests, ecosystems, water quality, property, and human health and safety. Despite the substantial economic impacts, existing nationwide monetary assessments of wild pig damage are outdated and lack modern scientific rigor.<br><br>RESULTS: By synthesizing data from scientific journals, this study inventories the scope of wild pig damage, highlights gaps in our understanding of the associated costs, and introduces a novel composite approach to visualizing them. Additionally, it provides an updated conservative estimate of the economic costs associated with wild pig damage in the U.S. by combining known costs with reasonable extrapolations. While our analysis indicates a minimum annual cost of US$3.4 billion associated with wild pig invasions in the U.S. - considering agriculture, health, the environment and property - the true economic impact is likely to be far greater and remains largely unknown.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study underscores the urgent need for standardized damage assessment protocols and increased research investment to accurately quantify the full economic burden of wild pig invasion. These data are critical for informed policy decisions and optimized resource allocation in wild pig management. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.},
}
@article {pmid41057774,
year = {2025},
author = {Almojil, D and Manikandan, V and Drou, N and Measey, J and Boissinot, S},
title = {The two sub-genomes of the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis are evolving under similar selective pressure in extant populations.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {887},
pmid = {41057774},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {AD180//NYUAD Grant AD180 and Tamkeen under the NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Xenopus laevis/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Selection, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Genome ; *Tetraploidy ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The model species Xenopus laevis is an allotetraploid species, whose genome consists of two sub-genomes (the L and S sub-genomes) that were inherited from its parental species. Previous studies comparing the genome of X. laevis with other species of the genus revealed that the L sub-genome was more conserved than the S sub-genome suggesting it has been evolving under stronger purifying selection. However, it remains unclear if this difference reflects evolutionary processes that are still at play in extant populations. To answer this question, we conducted the first genome-wide survey of variation in this species by re-sequencing 44 individuals from its native South African range at ~ 10 × coverage. We generated a dataset of ~ 260M SNPs, which constitutes a valuable resource for the Xenopus community. We found that the South African populations of X. laevis are highly structured and differentiated, reflecting ancient divergence followed by more recent admixture at contact zones. We also determined that the landscapes of variation of the L and S sub-genomes do not show any significant differences suggesting that the two sub-genomes are responding to evolutionary forces in a similar manner. In particular we showed that purifying selection and positive selection are acting identically on the two sub-genomes, suggesting that the sub-genomes of X. laevis are evolving under similar selective pressure. Since 60% of the ancestral homeologous genes have been retained in X. laevis, this result suggests that the function of those genes is conserved on both sub-genomes or that a large number of genes has experienced neo- or sub-functionalization.},
}
@article {pmid41057438,
year = {2025},
author = {Shauer, M and Zangaro, F and Specchia, V and Pinna, M},
title = {Investigating invasion patterns of Callinectes sapidus and the relation with research effort and climate change in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {34967},
pmid = {41057438},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CN_00000033//National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC-Italy)/ ; CN_00000033//National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC-Italy)/ ; BlueDiversity//Interreg Italy-Croatia 2021- 2027, First Call/ ; CL6-2022-BIODIV-01//EU HORIZON, Pro-Coast/ ; },
mesh = {Mediterranean Sea ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {The ecological stability of Mediterranean marine ecosystems is increasingly threatened by invasive alien species (IAS). This study examines the invasion dynamics of Callinectes sapidus, a high-risk and readily identifiable IAS across the Adriatic, Ionian, and Central Mediterranean subregions. A comprehensive dataset of published scientific and local ecological knowledge (LEK) records was compiled to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of diffusion. An increase in reported occurrences was found across the entire study area, spreading from south to north. Heterogeneous sampling methods hinder direct comparisons across regions, underscoring the need for standardized reporting protocols. LEK supported the clarification of overall patterns of C. sapidus diffusion and enhanced the resolution of temporal and spatial distribution data. The temporal progression of the invasion aligns with phases of arrival, establishment, and expansion. A close association was observed with both research effort and rising sea surface temperatures (SST). This study highlights the importance of integrating climate data and community-based knowledge in IAS monitoring and demonstrates a methodology for assessing climate-linked biological invasions in marine environments.},
}
@article {pmid41057409,
year = {2025},
author = {Kędra, K and Jagodziński, AM},
title = {Predicting the co-invasion of two Asteraceae plant genera in post-mining landscapes using satellite remote sensing and airborne LiDAR.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {34877},
pmid = {41057409},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {OPUS 2019/35/B/ST10/04141//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; OPUS 2019/35/B/ST10/04141//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
mesh = {*Remote Sensing Technology/methods ; *Asteraceae/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Mining ; Poland ; Machine Learning ; Satellite Imagery ; },
abstract = {The Asteraceae plant family includes the most widespread weedy invaders in Europe, which may jointly inhibit natural succession in degraded land under restoration. The complex local drivers of co-invasions hinder remote sensing (RS) monitoring efforts, as the links between the ecological and the spectral habitat properties are largely unknown. We proposed a comprehensive framework for machine learning modeling of the co-invasion of two Erigeron spp. and two Solidago spp. in post-mining landscapes of S Poland, using both field data and a combination of Sentinel-2, Landsat 7 and airborne LiDAR RS predictors. Stochastic Gradient Boosting best captured the non-linear dependencies (Accuracy = 0.670-0.886, AUC = 0.675-0.923), and generally outcompeted two other classifiers (Random Forest and Support Vector Machines with a Radial Basis Function Kernel). The field-based functional diversity metrics were the strongest predictors, corroborating improved resistance to invasions by native plant functional richness. In terms of RS data, the most favorable conditions for co-invasion were identified by a narrow range of reflectance in the red-edge interval of a Sentinel-2 image, and constrained by LiDAR-derived vegetation height (for Erigeron spp.) and by high land surface temperatures (for Solidago spp.). The highest share of patches suitable for co-invasion was consistently found in the low vegetation land cover class, between 36% and 64% cover. We therefore advise considering particular management actions, such as increasing the supply of native seed, thus improving local community resistance to invasions. The proposed methods and openly available RS predictors may facilitate targeted monitoring and cost-effective management interventions.},
}
@article {pmid41055980,
year = {2025},
author = {Heinen, JH and Drake, DR and McConkey, K and Hume, JP and Albert, S and Ando, H and Baider, C and Bellingham, PJ and Case, SB and Chimera, CG and Florens, FBV and Fricke, EC and Gawel, AM and González-Castro, A and Heleno, R and Hervias-Parejo, S and Hruska, A and Imada, CT and de Lima, RF and Nogales, M and Rogers, HS and Rumeu, B and Strasberg, D and Traveset, A and Valido, A and Watanabe, K and Wotton, D and Yoshikawa, T and Rahbek, C and Borregaard, MK},
title = {Species introductions shift seed dispersal potential more than extinctions across 120 island plant-frugivore communities.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {41},
pages = {e2423438122},
pmid = {41055980},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {DNRF96//Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF)/ ; CF19-0695//Carlsbergfondet (Carlsberg Foundation)/ ; CF23-0890//Carlsbergfondet (Carlsberg Foundation)/ ; CF23-0890//Linacre College, University of Oxford/ ; 25925//Villum Fonden (Villum Foundation)/ ; 0//New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Endeavour Fund programme Te Mana o Rangit&#x101;hua/ ; 0//Gerrit Parmile Wilder Endowed Chair in Botany at the University of Hawai'i/ ; CE3C CHANGE CFE TERRA//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ciencia e Tecnologica/ ; PGC2018-099772-B-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities/ ; PID2023-152357NB-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities/ ; PID2022-137906NB-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities/ ; },
mesh = {*Seed Dispersal/physiology ; Animals ; Islands ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Birds/physiology ; Mammals/physiology ; Seeds ; Plants ; Herbivory ; Fruit ; Reptiles/physiology ; },
abstract = {Oceanic islands are hotspots of both species extinctions and introductions, which led to marked changes in species composition. This may disrupt key ecological interactions, such as animal-mediated seed dispersal, with potential long-term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning. While some recent studies on individual taxa and islands report functional shifts, there has been no globally comprehensive study of how these changes vary in intensity and direction across islands. Importantly, it remains unclear how changes in traits of animal communities actually translate to ecologically relevant mismatches with native plant species. We report widespread functional remodeling of frugivore communities based on frugivory-specific traits of all native, extinct, and introduced vertebrate frugivores (birds, mammals, reptiles) from 120 islands in 22 archipelagos. There is a trend for taxonomic and functional substitution, mainly of nonvolant terrestrial mammalian omnivores replacing large-gaped flying frugivores, which caused a mismatch between gape size and seed size. This shift in seed dispersal potential risks underestimation in single-taxon studies. Overall, vertebrate introductions outnumbered extinctions both in terms of species (44 vs. 23%) and islands affected (92 vs. 76%). Moreover, introductions have driven stronger shifts in frugivore trait space compared to extinctions. However, the general patterns are modulated by substantial spatial variation and idiosyncratic functional shifts within frugivore communities on some islands. This, coupled with differences in plant seed size distributions, leads to variability in realized functional mismatches among islands. These results emphasize challenges with predicting functional responses to anthropogenic activities, while highlighting that remodeling of ecosystem interactions is a global concern.},
}
@article {pmid41054928,
year = {2026},
author = {Shi, X and Yu, M and Fu, Y and Wang, J and Qin, F and Wang, X},
title = {Potential distribution prediction of two destructive rice weevils in China based on an ensemble model.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {116},
number = {1},
pages = {121-132},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485325100515},
pmid = {41054928},
issn = {1475-2670},
mesh = {*Weevils/physiology ; China ; Animals ; *Animal Distribution ; Oryza ; Climate Change ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Rice water weevils (RWWs) (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) and rice weevils (RW) (Echinocnemus squameus) (both Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are major rice pests that cause significant economic losses in China. Understanding their potential distribution areas is crucial for effective management. This study used the Biomod2 package in R to simulate and predict the current and future potential distributions, changes in suitable areas, shifts in distribution centres, and overlaps under climate change for both pests under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. By 2023, the suitable areas for RWWs and RWs were 538.52 × 104 km[2] and 376.05 × 104 km[2], respectively. The suitable area for the former pest expanded southwestward and northeastward across China, whereas the latter spread mainly into Northeast China. The suitable area for RWWs is projected to remain stable, whereas that for RWs is expected to decline. The distribution centroid of RWWs is anticipated to shift toward southeastern or southwestern Shaanxi, whereas RWs are likely to migrate toward central-eastern or northeastern Shaanxi. The niche overlap between the two pests is high (Schoener's D = 0.658, I = 0.816), with overlap concentrated in central, eastern, and southern China. The key factors influencing their distributions include precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13), mean temperature of the warmest quarter (Bio10), and precipitation of the driest month (Bio14). This study provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of the potential distribution of both pests, which offers valuable insights for the development of effective pest control strategies in China.},
}
@article {pmid41054612,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, J and Chen, M and Wang, L and Liu, T and Jin, X and Yu, FH and Zhang, Y},
title = {Habitat fragmentation differentially affects invasive and native plant diversity in a human-dominated wetland island system.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {47},
number = {5},
pages = {824-832},
pmid = {41054612},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Managing invasive species requires identifying the factors that determine alien species invasion success. This study investigates how anthropogenic and biogeographical factors influence alien plant invasion in the Sanyang Wetlands, a human-dominated island system in Wenzhou City, China. Specifically, we analyzed whether human activities (e.g., habitat heterogeneity, proportion of road area, and cultivation) and island characteristics (e.g., island area, isolation) affect the diversity of native and invasive plant species similarly. We also assessed the applicability of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography to invasive plant species diversity and examined how these factors affect invasive plant species with different dispersal syndromes (anemochore, zoochore, and autochore). We found that both invasive and native species richness positively correlate with island area, habitat heterogeneity, and proportion of road area. However, although native species richness was negatively correlated with isolation, invasive species richness was not. The diversity and composition of invasive species with different dispersal syndromes were determined by different variables; for example, the composition and diversity of zoochores was increased by habitat heterogeneity, while anemochore species richness was increased by the proportion of road area, whereas anemochore species composition was influenced by distance to the nearest island. We conclude that habitat fragmentation differentially affects invasive and native plant diversity, aligning with the predictions of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography only for native species but not for invasive species. Our findings indicate that tailoring habitat attributes and regulating human activities could be effective strategies for mitigating the spread of invasive species in fragmented landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid41054603,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, XJ and Liu, G and Li, XD and Chen, Y and Wang, J and Zhang, CL and Ye, XP and Zhu, ZH},
title = {Phylogenetically close alien Asteraceae species with minimal niche overlap are more likely to invade.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {47},
number = {5},
pages = {804-813},
pmid = {41054603},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Predicting whether alien species will invade a native community is a key challenge in invasion ecology. One factor that may help predict invasion success is phylogenetic relatedness. Darwin proposed that closely related species tend to share similar niches, although this relationship may be influenced by various ecological and evolutionary factors. To test this, we classified alien Asteraceae species in China into three categories based on their invasion status and the extent of ecological damage: introduced, naturalized, and invasive. We then compared the genetic relationships and niche overlap between alien and native Asteraceae species. We found that invasive Asteraceae species are more closely related to native Asteraceae species than are introduced and naturalized species. However, alien Asteraceae species (including introduced, naturalized, and invasive species) exhibited relatively low niche overlap with native Asteraceae species. These findings suggest that the main premise underlying Darwin's naturalization conundrum, namely, the universality of phylogenetic niche conservatism, may not hold true. Instead, our findings indicate that alien species are more likely to invade successfully when they are more closely related to native plants, exhibit less niche overlap, and maintain conservative niches during the invasion process. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of alien plant invasions, highlight the relationship between alien species invasions and native community vulnerability, and offer important insights into the development of effective biological invasion management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41054258,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, Y and Zhang, Y and Huang, L and Yang, T and Wu, SY and Li, S and Hou, Y},
title = {Distribution overlap and comparative genomics of two invasive gelechiid moths, Tuta absoluta and Phthorimaea operculella, under climate change.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {6},
pages = {2857-2869},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf246},
pmid = {41054258},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {U22A20489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32361143791//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024J01377//Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; 2025I0009//International Cooperation Project of Fujian Province/ ; //Fujian Middle-aged and Young Teachers' Educational Science Research/ ; JAT231025//Science and Technology Category/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Moths/genetics/physiology ; *Climate Change ; *Animal Distribution ; Introduced Species ; Genomics ; *Genome, Insect ; },
abstract = {The tomato leafminer moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), and the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), are closely related gelechiid species that have rapidly invaded tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean regions worldwide, causing severe damage to solanaceous crops. We used the optimized MaxEnt model combined with 19 bioclimatic variables to comprehensively predict their potential distributions under current and future climate scenarios. While the distribution areas of the species overlapped significantly, our models predicted T. absoluta could potentially establish into high-latitude and arid areas. To further explore their adaptive mechanisms, we conducted comparative genomics based on the genomes of both species and 20 other insect species. Despite their close relationship, T. absoluta possessed 5.5 times more unique gene families than P. operculella, along with significantly expanded gene families associated with pesticide resistance (P450s: 92 vs. 86), extreme temperature tolerance (heat shock proteins [HSPs]: 62 vs. 58), and desiccation stress tolerance (aquaporins [AQP]: 12 vs. 9). These genomic features suggest that T. absoluta will adapt faster to environmental challenges and has greater potential to invade new areas compared to P. operculella. This study elucidates the patterns of potential distribution and genome evolution for T. absoluta and P. operculella, highlighting their distinct invasion and adaptation strategies. The findings provide both a novel perspective on the habitat suitability of these invasive pests and a scientific basis for climate-adaptive management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41053066,
year = {2025},
author = {Sühs, RB and Ziller, SR and da Rosa, CA and Puechagut, PB and Marterer, BTP and Giehl, ELH and Asth, MS and Targino, CH and Legracie-Jr, JR and Chapla, TE and Zenni, RD},
title = {Georeferenced database of invasive non-native species occurrences in Brazil.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1619},
pmid = {41053066},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Brazil ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Databases, Factual ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {This dataset presents a comprehensive and validated compilation of 187,160 georeferenced records of 489 invasive species of fauna (Animalia), flora (Plantae), and algae (Chromista) across Brazilian terrestrial, freshwater and marine territories, including islands. The data were obtained through consultations with federal environmental agencies, national and international databases, and scientific publications. All records were reviewed and validated by experts through national and state-level consultations conducted between 2021 and 2024. This effort was carried out within the framework of the project Pró-Espécies: Estratégia Nacional para a Conservação de Espécies Ameaçadas, which aimed to support the conservation of biodiversity and the management of invasive non-native species.},
}
@article {pmid41052085,
year = {2025},
author = {Winter, JM and Moorhead, K and Grochowski-Grum, K and Anchor, C and Landolfi, JA and Adamovicz, LA and Allender, MC},
title = {Health assessment of non-native red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and their impact potential on native species.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0333786},
pmid = {41052085},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Turtles/microbiology/parasitology ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Illinois ; Seasons ; *Carrier State/microbiology/veterinary ; Male ; Female ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Red-eared sliders (RES; Trachemys scripta elegans) are a globally invasive species that can impact native chelonian populations through resource competition and disease introduction. In Cook County, Illinois, invasive RES co-occur with, and greatly outnumber, a species of conservation priority in the Great Lakes region: the Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii). This study sampled free-ranging RES in Cook County during spring, summer, and fall in four unique locations to characterize the possible effect of this non-native species on the health of regional, sympatric, aquatic chelonians. RES (n = 242) were captured and sampled for qPCR pathogen detection, clinical pathology, and necropsy from 2018 to 2022. Multiple pathogens were detected, including Mycoplasma spp., multiple adenoviruses, Trachemys herpesvirus 1 (TrHV-1), frog virus 3, human-pathogenic Leptospira spp., Emydomyces testavorans, and Salmonella typhimurium. Mycoplasma spp. prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at one isolated site with a suspected greater density of turtles. Detection of TrHV-1 was significantly associated with season (p < 0.001), with detections occurring only in spring and fall. For the 28 hematology, plasma biochemistry, and protein electrophoresis analytes assayed, significant and variable associations occurred based on sample year, season, pathogen detection, age, and sex. Population-based reference intervals were created for hematologic, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis analytes. Common necropsy findings included mild endoparasitism and related vascular lesions such as endarteritis. Notably, qPCR detection of above pathogens was not associated with any gross or histologic lesions indicative of clinically relevant disease. This study indicates that invasive RES in Cook County may be infected with pathogens of concern for co-occurring turtle species, and absence of associated lesions in the RES suggests they likely serve as carrier species for these pathogens. Continued health monitoring of this species is important as interactions with chelonians of conservation priority increase.},
}
@article {pmid41051285,
year = {2026},
author = {Bhargav, O and Aggarwal, N and Jindal, J},
title = {Temperature-dependent life history and demographic traits of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on maize.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {116},
number = {1},
pages = {90-103},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485325100497},
pmid = {41051285},
issn = {1475-2670},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Zea mays/growth &amp; development ; *Temperature ; *Life History Traits ; Female ; Male ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; India ; Introduced Species ; Reproduction ; Population Dynamics ; Fertility ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a major invasive pest threatening maize production in India. Temperature strongly influences its development, reproduction and population dynamics. This study evaluated the biological performance of S. frugiperda on maize across seven constant temperature regimes (14 ± 1°C to 38 ± 1°C) under controlled laboratory conditions, using the age-stage, two-sex life table approach. Developmental time decreased significantly with rising temperatures, while survival and fecundity peaked at 26 ± 1°C and 30 ± 1°C. The highest values of net reproductive rate (R0 = 499.91 females/female), intrinsic rate of increase (rm = 0.25 females/female/day), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.28 females/day) were recorded at 30 ± 1°C, followed by 26 ± 1°C (R0 = 467.32, rm = 0.24, and λ = 1.26, respectively). In contrast, thermal extremes delayed development and adversely affected both survival and reproduction. No development occurred at 38 ± 1°C. Population projections indicated rapid generational turnover at optimal temperatures, with up to nine generations annually at 26 ± 1°C. The temperature range of 26-30 ± 1°C was found to be optimal for both survival and reproduction of S. frugiperda, aligning with kharif season temperatures in North India, particularly Punjab. These conditions promote multiple generations annually, whereas extreme summer or winter temperatures may limit population development. The findings advocate for temperature-informed, location-specific pest control strategies. Intervening during critical developmental windows, especially at the egg and larval stages, can limit population buildup. Insights into the pest's thermal adaptability contribute to the advancement of climate-resilient, sustainable pest management frameworks for maize systems in North India and similar agroclimatic regions.},
}
@article {pmid41050722,
year = {2025},
author = {Pfau, MJ and Weber, S and Kennedy, S and Krehenwinkel, H and Roderick, G and Gillespie, R},
title = {Invasive Spiders and Their Microbiomes: Patterns of Microbial Variation in Native and Invasive Species in Hawai'i.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72175},
pmid = {41050722},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species can have detrimental impacts on the community structure and native species persistence, causing cascading impacts on ecosystem function. These effects are amplified in remote island ecosystems that are characterized by non-representative and often diverse biota. The mechanisms behind successful invasions, particularly of arthropods, are varied, but growing evidence suggests that invasive species escape from their native predators and competitors. Recent research has suggested that gut microbiota can play an important role in arthropod fitness, with vertically transmitted endosymbionts and horizontally acquired microbes performing different functions. Here, we explored the extent to which the microbiome may facilitate the ability of spiders to exploit and ultimately adapt to novel environments. We examined co-occurring pairs of native and invasive spiders across three locations in the Hawaiian Islands and compared them with mainland counterparts to test two core predictions: (1) gut microbiota would be shaped primarily by local environmental filters rather than invasion status, and (2) vertically transmitted endosymbionts would show stronger host-specificity and reduced diversity in invasives. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we found that the site explained 11.7% of gut-microbial compositional variance compared to 6.5% for host species. These results suggest that each spider maintains a species-specific level of α-diversity but reassembles taxonomic composition according to local microbial pools, thus indicating high context dependence in environmental filtering. Invasive species were found to have a lower relative abundance of gut endosymbiont taxa, with one species, Badumna longinqua, showing little to no endosymbiont presence across sites, and the other, Steatoda grossa, exhibiting low but site-specific abundance. We observed a strong localization effect, suggesting that these endosymbionts are also being acquired from local environments, not carried from ancestral ranges. These results suggest host-symbiont interactions have differential impacts on native and invasive species and that microbiota may facilitate the success of spiders in novel environments.},
}
@article {pmid41048186,
year = {2026},
author = {Lucetti, G and Abbà, S and Pesavento, G and Fanelli, E and De Luca, F and Battagini, E and Cazzaniga, S and Ballottari, M and Frizzon, D and Mori, N and Galetto, L},
title = {RNAi-mediated gene silencing of a 26S proteasome subunit increases mortality of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {1066-1078},
pmid = {41048186},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Ministero dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/genetics/growth &amp; development ; *RNA Interference ; *Insect Control/methods ; *Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/genetics/metabolism ; Larva/growth &amp; development/genetics ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a highly polyphagous quarantine invasive species causing severe crop damages. Its management is based on broad-spectrum insecticides and sustainable alternatives are needed. Strategies based on RNA interference (RNAi) emerged in crop protection and we aimed to explore its use to control P. japonica.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine genes of P. japonica were selected as lethal candidates, based on previous wide-genome screenings on other coleopterans. To avoid off-target effects, genes showing over 80% identity with pollinator homologues were excluded and P. japonica double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were designed in the least conserved portions according to alignments with Apis mellifera. When incubated in P. japonica midgut juice, dsRNAs were not degraded. Injection and plant-mediated feeding were used to deliver dsRNAs to larvae and adults. Five targets were tested, and two genes were selected as the most effective in increasing mortality, namely regulatory particle non-ATPase 6 subunit (RPN) and shibire_dynamin-like protein (SHI). A significant transcript reduction up to 21&#x2009;days (RPN: 3-5 fold-change silencing) after dsRNA injection indicated that effective gene silencing occurred, as also supported by sequencing of small RNA libraries. In adults, RNAi-mediated depletion of RPN transcript reduced survival, either when insects were injected or mass-fed on vine leaves dsRNA-treated.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A subunit of the 26S proteasome was indicated as promising RNAi target for dsRNA-based insecticide against the Japanese beetle. The data pave the way for the possible use of RNAi approaches to control this pest, proactively waiting for the European Union approval of exogenously applied dsRNAs. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41045828,
year = {2025},
author = {Fouet, MPA and Massé, C and Bonnissant, L and Blanchet, H and Maire, O and Bernard, G},
title = {Combined atmospheric and marine heatwaves exacerbate the impacts of a non-indigenous species, the Asian date mussel Arcuatula senhousia, on benthic ecosystem functioning.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {212},
number = {},
pages = {107560},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107560},
pmid = {41045828},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency, severity, and duration of extreme climatic events such as heatwaves. Benthic organisms inhabiting intertidal flats are subjected to both marine and atmospheric heatwaves and can experience extreme temperature variations over relatively short periods of time. Non-indigenous species are generally capable to cope with extreme events more efficiently that native species. The Arcachon bay, a lagoon located along the French Atlantic coast is currently colonised by the invasive mussel, Arcuatula senhousia. In this study, we investigated how these two stressors (non-indigenous species colonisation and heatwaves) affect soft-bottom ecosystem functioning. We conducted two seasonal laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of combined marine and atmospheric heatwaves on the biogeochemical dynamics of sediments colonised by A. senhousia at different densities. More precisely, we assessed the community scale responses by measuring nutrients (NOx, NH4[+], PO4[3-]) and oxygen fluxes across the sediment-water interface. The results highlight that (1) heatwaves affect oxygen and nutrient exchanges across the sediment-water interface, with an increase of oxygen consumption and NH4[+], PO4[3-] fluxes, (2) the magnitude of these effects can be strongly enhanced by increasing densities of A. senhousia, and (3) a marked seasonal-dependence, with more effects during the spring experiment. These results emphasise that the interaction between the seasonality of heatwave occurrence, its intensity and the level of colonisation by non-indigenous ecosystem engineers likely shape their consequences for ecosystem functioning in tidal flats. Our results thus reinforce previous findings suggesting that climate change may profoundly exacerbate the effects of biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41045564,
year = {2025},
author = {Gammon, M and Floerl, O and Happy, S and Leonard, K and Lass, H and Walls, K and Floerl, L and Casanovas, P and Goodwin, E and Hucker, S and Davidson, I},
title = {Policy, management, and the 'Level of Fouling' scale to transform marine invasion risk reduction from recreational boats.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127493},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127493},
pmid = {41045564},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Ships ; *Introduced Species ; Recreation ; Animals ; New Zealand ; *Biofouling/prevention &amp; control ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Categorical scales have a rich history in environmental management, providing pragmatic means to assess ecological phenomena when full quantification is not feasible or necessary. The Level of Fouling (LOF) scale was developed 20 years ago to facilitate biosecurity policies that reduce the spread of marine invasive species by recreational boats. Applications of the six-category scale have since varied, and divergent implementation practices may undermine its value for marine biosecurity. To support researchers and practitioners to maintain accuracy and precision when applying the scale, we provide a review of LOF-based research and management and updated guidance on its implementation. Focussing on underwater observations and percentage cover metrics (rather than above water observation and species richness) can reduce uncertainty and error. To support users when applying the scale we provide an online application - LOFeR - which features: (i) thousands of underwater vessel images for training and self-assessment, and (ii) an LOF Calculator that can be used in the field to automatically calculate whole-vessel LOF ranks from multiple ranks applied to different underwater surfaces. The LOF scale has been used most extensively in New Zealand to establish biological thresholds and underpin regulations and monitoring for biosecure boating. New Zealand's three-tiered approach to managing boat biofouling addresses boats arriving at the border from overseas, travelling within and between different regions, and visiting marine protected areas. Over 47,000 LOF-based vessel surveys in recent years support New Zealand's approach, which provides a roadmap for other jurisdictions toward managing this large and unwieldy transfer mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid41045563,
year = {2025},
author = {Roeleke, M and Scholz, C and Arce Guillen, R and Pufelski, J and Jeltsch, F},
title = {Towards individual-based conservation strategies - the case of invasive raccoons in an agricultural pond-rich landscape.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127511},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127511},
pmid = {41045563},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Raccoons ; Ponds ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Ecosystem ; Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Germany ; },
abstract = {Raccoons have recently been declared alien species of special concern by the European Union. However, high densities in high-quality habitats such as wetlands make it almost impossible or at least extremely laborious to control raccoon populations with comprehensive and undifferentiated brute force approaches. Here, we asked if individual-based analysis may hint at more applicable conservation approaches that account for individual space use patterns. We used GPS collars to record the space use of 20 raccoons in their invasive range in northern Germany, a landscape dominated by intensive agriculture, including numerous small ponds. These ponds are biodiversity hotspots that act as source habitats and offer shelter and food for local wildlife, including vulnerable species like birds and amphibians. Half of the tracked raccoon individuals showed a weak preference for ponds as foraging grounds, yet the preference for larger waterbodies on the population scale masked this pattern. A detailed look at the intensity of pond use revealed that only a comparably small but highly mobile fraction of the local raccoon population used ponds intensively. These few individuals may thus have a disproportionate large negative effect on native wildlife, leading to a landscape-scale effect by disturbing the most vulnerable yet important habitat islands. Our results suggest that removing few specialized individuals might be an effective and economical strategy to reduce the impact of invasive species on local animal communities. Individual-based conservation and management strategies could be most effective in landscapes characterized by island-like biodiversity hotspots embedded in a low quality matrix.},
}
@article {pmid41045548,
year = {2025},
author = {Grange, SK and Girardi, JP and Mendoza-Lera, C and Dyckmans, J and Muñoz, K and Brunn, M and Jungkunst, HF},
title = {Stable isotopes as a tool towards a better understanding of the biogeochemical traits of invasive Fallopia japonica.},
journal = {Isotopes in environmental and health studies},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1080/10256016.2025.2567068},
pmid = {41045548},
issn = {1477-2639},
abstract = {Invasive plants pose a significant threat to ecosystems by disrupting the ecological balance, which includes the alteration of biogeochemical processes. Among the most aggressive invaders is Fallopia japonica, a species that thrives in riparian zones - critical interfaces between aquatic and terrestrial environments - where it significantly impacts biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Despite its success as an invader, the mechanisms that drive both the impact and success of F. japonica upon ecosystem processes remain poorly understood. Prior studies have suggested that F. japonica may exhibit traits such as a unique preference for ammonium over nitrate, potentially altering nitrogen availability for native plants like Urtica dioica. Additionally, it has been proposed that the species leverages phenolic compounds to influence soil biogeochemistry and nitrogen cycling. However, these processes lack comprehensive investigation. Using stable isotope labelling ([15]N and [13]C), we found that, contrary to prior assumptions, F. japonica showed an overall lower uptake of both ammonium and nitrate relative to the native competitor, U. dioica. Although we expected a preference for ammonium, F. japonica instead exhibited a slight preference for nitrate. In addition, F. japonica demonstrated higher nitrogen-use efficiency and allocated more freshly assimilated carbon and nitrogen to root growth than U. dioica. These findings suggest that traits such as efficient nitrogen use and strategic root allocation may contribute to F. japonica's ability to establish itself in nitrogen-variable environments like riparian zones. By prioritising belowground biomass during early development, F. japonica may gain a competitive advantage that enables it to disrupt native plant communities and alter ecosystem dynamics. This study underscores the value of stable isotopes in understanding plant-soil interactions and informs strategies for managing invasive species in sensitive ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41044279,
year = {2025},
author = {Singh, G and Rosman, B and Byrne, MJ and Reynolds, C},
title = {An earth observation and explainable machine learning approach for determining the drivers of invasive species - a water hyacinth case study.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {11},
pages = {1172},
pmid = {41044279},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {40470//FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; South Africa ; *Eichhornia ; *Machine Learning ; },
abstract = {Invasive species management is often constrained by limited resources and complicated by ecological and socio-economic variability across landscapes, leading to inconsistent outcomes. We use water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) in South Africa as a case study to demonstrate how combining earth observation (EO) data, species distribution models (SDMs), and explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) can support more spatially explicit and context-sensitive management strategies. Despite decades of control efforts, water hyacinth remains widespread, with its proliferation shaped by ecological and socio-economic contexts in which the weed proliferates. Using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), we studied the environmental and socio-economic contexts impacting water hyacinth prevalence across multiple spatial scales in South Africa. Consistent patterns emerged with known physiological constraints, such as minimum temperature, while novel spatial trends were revealed-highlighting temperature effects along the coast and the role of vegetation type in inland regions. These insights offer opportunities for targeted fieldwork to investigate emergent non-linear relationships and interaction effects between covariates. The spatially explicit outputs, covering all South African water bodies, provide a low-cost, scalable tool to guide the prioritization of risk, inform monitoring and early detection efforts, and support the selection of locally appropriate management strategies. While focused on water hyacinth, our approach is generalizable to other invasive species, illustrating the value of integrating EO data and xAI to enhance understanding of species-environment dynamics and enable adaptive, data-driven intervention planning.},
}
@article {pmid41042760,
year = {2025},
author = {Klimova, A and Gutiérrez Rivera, JN and Aguirre-Planter, E and Eguiarte, LE},
title = {How social and economic policies have affected the genome of mezcal agaves: The contrasting stories of Bacanora and Espadín.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0324581},
pmid = {41042760},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Agave/genetics ; *Genome, Plant ; Mexico ; Domestication ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Agriculture/economics ; },
abstract = {Plant domestication in Mesoamerica gave the world crops of global significance, such as maize, beans, squashes, cocoa, and cotton. Additionally, it has introduced species of regional economic importance, which still display intermediate levels of domestication, including Agave, Opuntia, columnar cacti, Amaranthus, and various ornamental species. Agaves, in particular, hold immense cultural and economic significance in Mexico and play a crucial ecological role in wild plant communities. However, current agricultural practices have negatively impacted both wild populations of agave through overexploitation and habitat destruction, as well as cultivated plants by reducing available landraces and promoting the use of homogeneous plant material. Using genomic data (RADseq) and over 50,000 SNPs, we aimed to assess how local social and political decisions may have influenced genomic diversity and differentiation in intensively managed, clonally propagated Agave angustifolia (Espadín) in the state of Oaxaca, the cultivated A. angustifolia used to produce mezcal known as Bacanora in the state of Sonora, and their wild counterparts from both regions. We found evidence suggesting that Espadín recently arose through farmer selection of a clonal lineage with desirable mezcal production attributes (i.e., hybrid vigor), apparently from an unsampled cultivated variety, a cross between genetically distinct wild populations, or by hybridization between wild and cultivated plants. Espadín samples were represented by closely related heterozygous genotypes, with considerable genetic differentiation from wild plants. On the other hand, the genomic composition of cultivated Bacanora agave appears to have been influenced by a recently lifted ban (in 1992) on its cultivation and distillation, which, along with the relatively lower popularity of this beverage, allowed cultivated Bacanora agave to maintain the genetic diversity found in wild populations of the region. We found that social and political decisions may have important impacts on crop genomic diversity and differentiation.},
}
@article {pmid41042102,
year = {2026},
author = {Glendening, AM and Stephens, C and Vuruputoor, VS and Chaganti, T and Myles, MN and Stern, DL and Abdelalim, M and Juang, YP and Hogenhout, SA and Mathers, TC and Pauloski, N and Cernak, TA and Wegrzyn, JL and Fetter, KC},
title = {Chromosome scale genomes of two invasive Adelges species enable virtual screening for selective adelgicides.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41042102},
issn = {2160-1836},
support = {2023-67012-40000//USDA Postdoctoral Fellowship Program/ ; 2T32GM132046-06//The Nature Conservancy/ ; DBI-2217100//National Science Foundation/ ; //University of Connecticut/ ; //John Innes Foundation/ ; //John Innes Centre/ ; BBS/E/JI/230001B//BBSRC Institute Strategy Programmes/ ; T32 GM132046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; //RaMP (Research and Mentoring for Postbaccalaureates)/ ; //Trees In Peril/ ; BB/R009481/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BBS/E/J/000PR9797//BBSRC Institute Strategy Programmes/ ; BB/V008544/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; //UK Research and Innovation/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; Genomics/methods ; Genome, Plant ; *Chromosomes, Plant ; },
abstract = {Two invasive adelgids are associated with widespread damage to several North American conifer species. Adelges tsugae, hemlock woolly adelgid, was introduced from Japan and reproduces parthenogenetically in North America, where it has rapidly decimated Tsuga canadensis and Tsuga caroliniana (eastern and Carolina hemlocks, respectively). Adelges abietis, eastern spruce gall adelgid, introduced from Europe, forms distinctive pineapple-shaped galls on several native spruce species. While not considered a major forest pest, it weakens trees and increases susceptibility to additional stressors. Broad-spectrum insecticides that are often used to control adelgid populations can have off-target impacts on beneficial insects. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on both species to aid in the development of targeted solutions that may minimize ecological impact. A. abietis was sequenced using barcoded linked-reads from 30 pooled individuals, with Hi-C scaffolding performed using data from a single individual collected from the same host plant. A. tsugae used long-read sequencing from pooled nymphs. The assembled A. tsugae and A. abietis genomes, pooled from several parthenogenetic females, are 220.75 and 253.16 Mb, respectively. Each consists of 8 autosomal chromosomes, as well as 2 sex chromosomes (X1/X2), supporting the XX-XO sex determination system. The genomes are over 96% complete based on BUSCO assessment. Genome annotation identified 11,424 and 12,060 protein-coding genes in A. tsugae and A. abietis, respectively. Comparative analysis of proteins across 31 hemipteran species and 14 arthropod outgroups identified 32,340 putative gene families. Gene family evolution analysis with CAFE revealed lineage-specific expansions in immune-related aminopeptidases (ERAP1) and juvenile hormone binding proteins (JHBP), contractions in juvenile hormone acid methyltransferases (JHAMT), and conservation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These genes were explored as candidate families toward a long-term objective of developing adelgid-selective insecticides. Structural comparisons of proteins across 7 focal species (A. tsugae, A. abietis, Adelges cooleyi, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Apis mellifera, Danaus plexippus, and Drosophila melanogaster) revealed high conservation of nAChR and ERAP1, while JHAMT exhibited species-specific structural divergence. The potential of JHAMT as a lineage-specific target for pest control was explored through virtual screening of drugs and pesticides.},
}
@article {pmid41041714,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhan, A and Bock, D and Briski, E and Colautti, R and Hu, J and MacIsaac, H},
title = {Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Invasive Species Under Global Change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {10},
pages = {e70530},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70530},
pmid = {41041714},
issn = {1365-2486},
}
@article {pmid41041654,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakahama, N and Hirasawa, K and Kato, M and Watanabe, K and Kurata, S and Hayashi, M},
title = {Mitochondrial DNA 16S region and voucher specimen collection of Japanese aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera for environmental DNA metabarcoding analyses.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1253},
number = {},
pages = {103-119},
pmid = {41041654},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Aquatic coleopteran and hemipteran insects primarily inhabit lentic waters, many of which are at risk of extinction due to development, agriculture, and invasive alien species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has recently emerged as a powerful tool for conducting comprehensive distribution surveys. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) universal primers are conventionally used for DNA barcoding but they often result in non-specific amplification and frequent amplication failures. Primers in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rRNA region that alleviate these issues have been developed and are considered helpful for eDNA analysis. It is necessary to accumulate reference sequences of the mtDNA 16S rRNA region in aquatic coleopteran and hemipteran insects. However, molecular identification at the genus or species level remains challenging, as only a few of these insect groups in Japan have registered reference DNA sequences for both the mtDNACOI and 16S rRNA. Therefore, we constructed a comprehensive dataset of the mtDNA 16S rRNA region for these insects distributed in Japan. As a result of this study, we were able to obtain partial sequences of the mtDNA 16S rRNA region from 140 coleopteran taxa (35.5% of Japanese aquatic species or subspecies) and 58 hemipteran taxa (45.3% of Japanese aquatic species or subspecies). These voucher specimens were deposited in four research institutions. The DNA sequence datasets are expected to significantly contribute as an essential database for eDNA analysis and other DNA metabarcoding studies.},
}
@article {pmid41041021,
year = {2026},
author = {Sanders, RD and Obaza, AK and Ginsburg, DW and Carmack, OC and Grime, BC and Burdick, H and Ford, TK and Leichter, JJ},
title = {Open-Coast Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Transplant Catalyzes Rapid Mirroring of Structure and Function of Extant Eelgrasses.},
journal = {Estuaries and coasts : journal of the Estuarine Research Federation},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {2},
pmid = {41041021},
issn = {1559-2723},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that function as ecosystem engineers, forming complex structure that enhance nearshore environments. Globally, seagrass habitats are threatened by intensifying impacts from climate change, which exacerbate non-climatic stressors such as coastal development, invasive species, and overfishing. Advances in the methodological efficacy of active seagrass restoration efforts have sought to mitigate substantial anthropogenic-induced losses. Restoration efforts along the U.S. West Coast have primarily focused on Zostera marina (common eelgrass) in shallow, sheltered estuarine environments, where most coastal development occurs. However, within the Southern California Bight, Zostera spp. also occurs along the exposed coastlines of the California Channel Islands archipelago. Despite their unique location and the ecosystem services they provide, a paucity of information persists on open-coast seagrass systems and restoration efforts. In this study, we conducted a novel transplant of Z. marina on Catalina Island and tracked temporal and spatial performance metrics (i.e., areal coverage, morphometrics, and fish assemblages) at the restoration site and seven extant Z. marina reference beds on the island from 2021 to 2024. The transplant activities successfully established over 0.18 hectares of Z. marina habitat. The transplant site paralleled or exceeded extant reference beds morphometrically (shoot density and blade length) and functionally (fish composition and fish diversity), while concomitantly providing habitat for the occupancy of, and utilization by, federally listed endangered and managed species. Our results provide a model for broadening the scope of, and augmenting strategies for, seagrass habitat recovery beyond conventional restoration spaces by underscoring the role of open-coast seagrasses in enhancing nearshore ecosystem function and resilience.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12237-025-01609-x.},
}
@article {pmid41040479,
year = {2025},
author = {Plakkhina, E and Sozontov, A and Esyunin, S and Ivanova, N and Shumigay, D},
title = {Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of PSU's Botanical Garden (Perm, Russia).},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e163152},
pmid = {41040479},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Botanical Garden of Perm State University was founded in 1916 and has a suitable site for studying urban invertebrate fauna. However, despite this, very few studies have been conducted on this topic over the past 100 years. Only a few individual works on greenhouse pests have been done. The first studies of the spider fauna on the territory of the botanical garden began in 2012. Studies of the seasonal activity of individual species, the composition of spider communities in uncultivated areas and alien species living in greenhouses have been conducted over the past 10 years.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: This paper summarises primary field data from studies on the fauna of ground-dwelling spiders in open areas and greenhouses of PSU's Botanical Garden, collected in 2012 and during the period 2021-2024. The dataset "Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of PSU's Botanical Garden (Perm, Russia)" describes the assemblage structure of spiders (list of species and their abundance), age-sex composition and seasonal dynamics. The dataset includes 714 events and 3468 corresponding occurrences. In total, 9088 specimens were collected, representing 114 species from 78 genera and 17 families. About 8400 individuals were identified to the species level. The dataset is complemented by a detailed description of the vegetation coverage at the study sites. This dataset considerably expands the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data on the distribution of spiders in the Urals. It provides new important information about urban fauna in general, as well as data on greenhouse and agrocenosis populations. Occurrences from both outdoor and indoor areas add a unique survey of microhabitats to the regional spider records available through GBIF.},
}
@article {pmid41038911,
year = {2025},
author = {Kozioł, A and Brysiewicz, A and Czerniejewski, P and Plust, D},
title = {Nutritional quality and heavy metal in invasive stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva) from natural waters and aquaculture ponds.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {34385},
pmid = {41038911},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Ponds ; Aquaculture ; *Nutritive Value ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Introduced Species ; Fresh Water ; *Fishes ; },
abstract = {One of the most invasive freshwater fish in Europe is the stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva), but its potential for food use remains largely unexplored. Fish were collected from ponds (Raszyn, Stare Kurowo) and a natural river (Wardynka). The study measured fish weight and length, calculated the Fulton coefficient, determined the chemical composition of the meat, energy value plus yield. Heavy metal content was determined after HNO3 digestion using GFAAS method. Health risk was assessed using EDI, THQ, HI, CR. The data were statistically analyzed. No differences in length were found. Individuals from Stare Kurowo and Wardynka had significantly higher body weights than those from Raszyn. Wardynka fish had the highest water content (74.83%), the lowest dry matter, protein, and fat levels. All samples contained low concentrations of heavy metals, with the lowest levels in Wardynka and the highest in Raszyn. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values ranged from 0.28% to 3.03% of the reference dose, remaining under 1% in most cases. Nutrient levels matched typical European freshwater fish. Differences among sites likely stemmed from food availability and competition. The low metal content and favourable meat quality indicate potential for food production, helping control this invasive species and protect native fish.},
}
@article {pmid41035940,
year = {2025},
author = {Villar, DA and Yanes, E and Gutiérrez Tito, ER and Gosler, AG},
title = {Diets of Three Sympatric Grebe Species in Lake Titicaca Indicate Possible Dietary Niche Partitioning.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72123},
pmid = {41035940},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Dietary niche partitioning is a fundamental process in community ecology, of interest to both conservationists and ecologists. We present data on the dietary niches of three sympatric grebes from Lake Titicaca: the endangered endemic Titicaca Grebe Rollandia microptera, Rolland's Grebe Rollandia rolland, and the Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis. This is the first study comparing the diets of these three species since 1981. We conducted stomach content analysis on 45 Titicaca Grebes, 30 Rolland's Grebes, and 15 Silvery Grebes, and quantified the degree of niche overlap among individuals and what prey classes were driving variation between species. Rolland's Grebe and the Silvery Grebe have a more invertebrate-based diet than the Titicaca Grebe. The use of presence-absence methodologies and numeric methodologies for counting prey items leads to different results regarding dietary differences between these species. While our dietary categories are too coarse to definitively prove it is a case of dietary niche partitioning, it is indicative of it. We suggest future avenues to prove dietary niche partitioning in these species, and how dietary studies could answer questions regarding this ecosystem's response to invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41035926,
year = {2025},
author = {Rentería-Solís, Z and Flores, L and Langner, T and Gawlowska, S and Grochow, T and Fietz, S and Birka, S and Król, N and Obiegala, A},
title = {The conquest of the north continues: Baylisascaris procyonis in free-ranging invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Germany, including a first report in the northeastern state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.},
journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {101139},
pmid = {41035926},
issn = {2213-2244},
abstract = {With exception of the Northeast, the raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) is widespread in Germany. This zoonotic parasite can cause neurological disease in paratenic and aberrant hosts, like humans. As the name indicates, raccoons are the definitive host of B. procyonis. However, and despite the successful expansion of the raccoon population, parasite and host ranges do not always overlap. B. procyonis has been largely absent from the northeastern part of the country, notwithstanding the stable presence of raccoons in this area. In this study, faecal and intestinal samples were opportunistically collected from 166 free-ranging raccoons from 9 federal states in Germany. In 68 animals (41.0 %), B. procyonis was identified either through PCR or morphological identification of adult worms. The positive raccoons originated from 6 federal states, including for the first time animals from the northern state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The results of this study highlight the dissemination of the parasite in the north of the country, while maintaining its presence in the rest of Germany.},
}
@article {pmid41035176,
year = {2025},
author = {Chikodza, T and Cuthbert, RN and Schrama, M and Coetzee, J and Wasserman, R and Veldhuis, MP and Strange, EF},
title = {Double Trouble: Aquatic Invasive Plants Can Promote Mosquitoes.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {10},
pages = {e70199},
pmid = {41035176},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {//This work has been supported by the CML Impact Funds of Leiden University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; *Culicidae/physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Human activities continue to facilitate biological invasions, profoundly impacting our environment and economy. Plants and insects constitute the majority of invasions to date, with facilitative links established between them, particularly in terrestrial habitats. These relationships remain understudied in aquatic environments, including potential associations between aquatic invasive plants and disease vectors such as mosquitoes. Here, we synthesise current knowledge on the co-occurrence of aquatic invasive plants and mosquitoes, identify key research gaps and present a conceptual framework underpinned by testable hypotheses on how aquatic invasive plants may influence immature and adult mosquito populations. We provide evidence suggesting that these plant-mosquito relationships could pose previously unrecognised risks and highlight priority areas for future research to better understand the potential public health implications of aquatic plant invasions. We call for targeted in situ and ex situ investigations to test the proposed hypotheses and increase our understanding of the interactions between aquatic invasive plants and mosquito population dynamics. Testing these hypotheses will inform adaptive, evidence-based management strategies to simultaneously control aquatic invasive species and vector mosquitoes.},
}
@article {pmid41034284,
year = {2025},
author = {Tamoikin, I and Kutsyn, D and Gavruseva, T and Vdodovich, I and Donchik, P},
title = {Expansion and biological traits of the non-indigenous Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii in the black sea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {34173},
pmid = {41034284},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; 124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; 124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; 124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; 124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Black Sea ; *Fishes/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Male ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Perciformes/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Sexual Maturation ; },
abstract = {The Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880) - a newly established invasive species in the Black Sea - is native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean. This study presents findings on the discovery, feeding habits, age, growth, and sexual maturation of this species in its new environment. A total of 18 specimens collected from the Black Sea were examined. It was determined that the Korean rockfish is now present along all Black Sea coasts, except for the brackish northwestern region, and has also been observed in the Sea of Marmara. The largest recorded specimen in the Black Sea was a female measuring 40.4 cm in total length (TL) and aged 3 years. The length-at-age of all examined specimens was greater than that observed in its native range. The diet of the Korean rockfish in the Black Sea primarily consisted of fish and shrimp. The sample included both immature and mature individuals; however, no evidence of successful reproduction in the Black Sea has been documented to date. The prospects for further colonization and population growth of the Korean rockfish in the Black Sea are considered favorable, which could pose a significant threat to the local ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid41032979,
year = {2025},
author = {Impellitteri, F and Mossotto, C and Cotugno, A and Maganza, A and Provenza, F and Gabetti, A and Esposito, G and Renzi, M and Matozzo, V and Elia, AC and Faggio, C and Prearo, M and Pastorino, P},
title = {When crayfish face painkillers: Tissue-specific cytotoxic and oxidative responses to indomethacin exposure in Procambarus clarkii.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {304},
number = {},
pages = {119138},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119138},
pmid = {41032979},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {Animals ; *Astacoidea/drug effects/physiology ; *Indomethacin/toxicity ; *Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity ; Hepatopancreas/drug effects/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; Gills/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants in freshwater ecosystems. However, their effects on aquatic invertebrates remain poorly investigated. This study evaluated for the first time both cellular and biochemical responses of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) following a long-term exposure to indomethacin, a widely used NSAID. Specimens were exposed for 28 days to 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L, and biomarkers indicative of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were evaluated. Viability of both hemolymph and hepatopancreas cells was assessed using Trypan Blue and Neutral Red assays, while oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were analyzed in hepatopancreas, gill, and muscle tissues. The results showed that indomethacin exposure induced significant, tissue-specific cytotoxic and oxidative responses. Notably, hepatopancreas cell viability decreased significantly at lower concentrations, with partial recovery at the highest dose, suggesting a possible hormetic effect of the contaminant. Oxidative stress biomarkers exhibited concentration-dependent changes: SOD and MDA levels were significantly altered in the hepatopancreas; GST activity was affected in the gills, and GPx activity increased in muscle at higher concentrations. Haemocyte viability remained unaffected, indicating resilience of circulating cells. The Integrative Biomarker Response-Threshold (IBR-T) index highlighted both hormetic and classical dose-response trends, depending on tissue type. From an ecological perspective, these findings suggest that P. clarkii may tolerate relatively high indomethacin concentrations without systemic oxidative collapse, potentially supporting its persistence and competitive advantage in contaminated habitats. However, the hepatopancreas sensitivity indicates possible sublethal metabolic impairment, which could affect long-term fitness and population dynamics. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the ecotoxicological effects of indomethacin in a keystone invasive species and underscore the importance of tissue-specific biomarker analysis for environmental risk assessment.},
}
@article {pmid41032390,
year = {2025},
author = {Knight, IA and Bingham, FE and Harlow, MM and Huang, AH and Bohaty, C and Harms, NE},
title = {A proposed method for estimating habitat suitability of weed biological control agents with experimentally derived thermal injury and weather data.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1179-1186},
pmid = {41032390},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//Engineer Research and Development Center Aquatic Plant Control Research/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Weather ; *Thysanoptera/physiology ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; *Weed Control ; *Pest Control, Biological ; *Biological Control Agents ; Models, Biological ; Cold Temperature ; },
abstract = {Ecological niche modelling provides a tool for making a priori predictions of habitat suitability for biological control agents. Current approaches may be limited by available data but improved by the incorporation of physiological data. Alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Caryophyllales: Ameranthaceae), is controlled across much of its introduced range in the United States of America by the alligatorweed flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila Selman and Vogt (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); however, insufficient control is observed at temperate latitudes. Investigations into alligatorweed thrips, Amynothrips andersoni O'Neill (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), indicate that they are more cold-tolerant with a broader predicted range. The upper limit of the chill injury zone (ULCIZ) and the sum of injurious temperatures (SIT) are measures that can be used to compare relative cold tolerance among biocontrol agents. Here we propose a method for integrating these parameters with weather data to predict overwintering mortality. The ULCIZ and SIT of Am. andersoni and Ag. hygrophila were experimentally determined, then habitat suitability for each species was modeled using the proposed method and 20 yr of weather data. ULCIZ was -2.94 and 4.52 °C, and SIT was 307.19 and 251.27 for Am. andersoni and Ag. hygrophila, respectively, indicating that Am. andersoni begins accumulating chill injury at a lower temperature than Ag. hygrophila and does so at a slower rate. Using this method, 91.8% of Al. philoxeroides's range in the USA was predicted to fall within highly or moderately suitable habitat for Am. andersoni, compared to 15.9% for Ag. hygrophila. Ranges predicted by the proposed method are similar to previous correlative ENMs.},
}
@article {pmid41032144,
year = {2025},
author = {Schneider, IE and Weber, MM and Khadka, A and Bahlmann, B},
title = {Influencing Aquatic Invasive Species Prevention Behaviors: An Exploration and Experiment with Augmented Reality.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {75},
number = {12},
pages = {3449-3460},
pmid = {41032144},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Humans ; *Augmented Reality ; Ships ; },
abstract = {Despite significant resource allocations to thwart invasive species introduction and spread, they remain a significant issue for environments and economies alike. Aquatic invasive species (AIS) are of particular interest given the value of water within and across societies. AIS prevention activities typically include outreach and education campaigns reliant on static signage which leave opportunities for greater engagement. Addressing a primary pathway for AIS spread, this project compared the impact of static and dynamic message mediums on boating anglers' intentions to perform AIS prevention behaviors and assessed the impact of various variables on the likelihood to perform AIS prevention behaviors. Survey results of boating anglers in one U.S. Midwestern state revealed very high self-reported intentions for prevention behaviors and no significant differences across message mediums (sign, augmented reality or simple AIS definitions). Therefore, judicious evaluation of decisions about management communication efforts remains essential across new and existing mediums.},
}
@article {pmid41029229,
year = {2025},
author = {Nagy, KN and Károlyi, CE and Bakacsy, L},
title = {Multiscale assessment of conservation management for Amorpha fruticosa invasion in a marsh meadow.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {97},
pmid = {41029229},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {7616//University of Szeged Open Access Found/ ; 7616//University of Szeged Open Access Found/ ; 7616//University of Szeged Open Access Found/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Wetlands ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Biodiversity ; Animals ; Cattle ; *Fabaceae/physiology ; },
abstract = {This study examined the ecological impact of the invasive shrub Amorpha fruticosa in marsh meadows and assessed the effectiveness of combined conservation management practices, i.e., mowing and cattle grazing, in on restoring native vegetation. Conducted in the Mártély Landscape Protection Area (Hungary), the research used a multiscale approach to compare treated non-invaded and treated invaded wetland vegetation. Information theory-based diversity metrics were employed to evaluate the impact of A. fruticosa on structural complexity and species composition. Results revealed that although A. fruticosa can significantly altered plant community structure, the implemented management strategies effectively reduced its impact. The treated invaded vegetation exhibited diversity levels compareable to native marshland communities, suggesting that mowing and grazing contributed to decreasing A. fruticose dominance. However, in the absence of untreated control stands, this pattern must be interpreted cautiously, as the observed similarity could be conclusively attributed to the applied management alone. A slight, but non-significant shift in structural diversity was also observed, implying a residual effect of invasion. This study underscores the value of active, combined conservation strategies in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem resilience in wetland habitats. The results contribute to broader discussions on invasive species control, emphasizing the role of traditional land-use practices in mitigating the ecological effects of biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid41029028,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Pootakham, W and Ingsriswang, S and Dela Cueva, F and Cordez, BW and Gafforov, Y and Unartngam, J and Liu, L and Bi, G and Zhao, P and Clement, KMT and Liang, J and Cai, L},
title = {Biosurveillance of Invasive Southern Corn Rust: Insights Into Recent Migration Patterns and Virulence Variation.},
journal = {Molecular plant pathology},
volume = {26},
number = {10},
pages = {e70159},
pmid = {41029028},
issn = {1364-3703},
support = {ANSO-CR-KP-202207//Alliance of National and International Science Organizations for the Belt and Road Regions/ ; 32472506//National Sciences Foundation of China/ ; 32330002//National Sciences Foundation of China/ ; XDB0830000//Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; XZ202201ZY0011N//Key R&amp;D Programs of Xizang Autonomous Region in China/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Virulence/genetics ; *Zea mays/microbiology ; *Puccinia/pathogenicity/genetics ; China ; Thailand ; Phylogeny ; Genetic Variation ; Introduced Species ; Philippines ; },
abstract = {Emerging pathogen races spreading via long-distance migration increasingly threaten global agricultural ecosystems. Understanding how pathogens migrate and adapt to new hosts via virulence evolution is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate future crop damage. Here we performed biosurveillance of Puccinia polysora, a global fungal pathogen causing southern corn rust (SCR), across China, Thailand and the Philippines. By analysing 193 field transcriptomic data, we detected both epidemic and endemic lineages co-circulating in each country and elucidated the crucial role of host selection in driving the diversification of endemic lineages. Gene flow assessments and trajectory tracking indicated that the SCR infection source in northern China is likely of domestic origin and pathogen migration from the Philippines/Thailand into China is restricted to Hainan, coastal Guangdong and southern Yunnan. We detected country-specific variants in 32 effector genes, with AvrRppC exhibiting the strongest positive selection. A phylogenetically distinct Luzon Island lineage (Philippines), carrying a novel AvrRppC allele capable of overcoming RppC-mediated resistance and represents a potentially invasive threat. Finally, we reviewed the global migration history of P. polysora in light of our findings. Our work represents the first step toward establishing an international surveillance network for P. polysora and emphasised a comprehensive control strategy integrating local governance and invasion prevention of international races.},
}
@article {pmid41028690,
year = {2025},
author = {Dowarah, B and Laskar, RA and Dutta, C and Mili, C and Kashyap, A and Neog, B},
title = {Unraveling the chemical communication of root exudates and allelopathy for sustainable ecology and agriculture.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {118},
number = {11},
pages = {160},
pmid = {41028690},
issn = {1572-9699},
mesh = {*Plant Roots/chemistry/metabolism/microbiology ; *Allelopathy ; *Plant Exudates/chemistry/metabolism ; *Agriculture/methods ; Rhizosphere ; Ecology ; Pheromones/metabolism ; Mycorrhizae ; },
abstract = {Root exudates, a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds secreted by healthy plant roots, play a central role in belowground chemical interactions, particularly through the phenomenon of allelopathy. These exudates, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, terpenoids, phytohormones, and fatty acids, do more than support nutrient mobilization and microbial associations. They act as allelochemicals that affect the germination, growth, and physiology of neighboring plants. Allelopathy influences key ecological processes such as plant succession, species dominance, and the establishment of invasive species, while also shaping microbial communities and nutrient cycles in the rhizosphere. Major allelopathic mechanisms include interference with photosynthesis, hormonal disruption, and growth suppression caused by certain amino acids, often producing species-specific and concentration-dependent responses. Autotoxicity, in which a plant inhibits its growth, is now understood as a genetically regulated process. Recent studies show that allelopathic interactions are influenced by plant developmental stages, environmental conditions, and associations with microbes such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria. These microbial partners alter both the composition and biological effects of root exudates. Beyond suppression, root exudates also serve as signaling molecules that affect root system architecture and spatial behavior in neighboring plants, allowing donor species to gain a competitive edge. In agriculture, allelopathy offers sustainable options for weed control, organic crop production, and soil health improvement. Invasive species often exploit unfamiliar allelochemicals to displace native flora, supporting the novel weapons theory. This review compiles recent advances and calls for integrated research to apply allelopathy for ecofriendly agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid41028197,
year = {2025},
author = {Marambio, M and Pascual-Torner, M and Tilves, U and Pérez, A and Ballesteros, A and Gili, JM},
title = {The Westernmost Record of the Scyphomedusa Cassiopea andromeda (Forskål, 1775) in the Mediterranean: Marine Citizen Science Contributions to Invasive Species Detection and Monitoring.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {75},
number = {12},
pages = {3721-3735},
pmid = {41028197},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Citizen Science ; Mediterranean Sea ; Animals ; Spain ; *Scyphozoa/classification/genetics/physiology ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Biodiversity ; Phylogeny ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {The Mediterranean Sea, although a biodiversity hotspot, is one of the most affected seas by non-indigenous species (NIS). This problem is worsened by rising sea temperatures due to climate change, which promotes the spread of thermophilic species. Among the NIS scyphozoan jellyfish species recorded in the Mediterranean, Cassiopea andromeda - commonly known as the "upside-down jellyfish"- is a notable example. Observadores del Mar (OdM) is the leading platform for marine citizen science in Spain and works towards ocean conservation and health. It is a well-established tool for generating knowledge in marine research and has successfully provided early warning of NIS reports in the Mediterranean, while also serving as an effective network for the monitoring of NIS and other indicators. Three reports of C. andromeda from Almeria, southern Spain, have been reported in OdM and thanks to the involvement of its community, 12 samples were collected for phylogenetic analysis and monitoring was done for 15 months in the study area. The results confirmed the first record of C. andromeda in Spanish Mediterranean waters representing the westernmost record in the basin. Monitoring also suggests the species establishment in the area. This study contributes to the knowledge of C. andromeda invasiveness and highlights the importance of marine citizen science in the detection and monitoring of NIS. It also underscores the collaboration and commitment already established between scientists and citizens, which will allow further progress in the fields of biological invasions, management, and policy.},
}
@article {pmid41027087,
year = {2025},
author = {Duarte, LN and Marchante, H and López-Núñez, FA and Impson, F and Moreira, FM and Marchante, E},
title = {Biocontrol in action: Assessing the impact of a biocontrol agent on invasive plant seed dynamics.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127196},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127196},
pmid = {41027087},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Seeds ; *Acacia ; *Biological Control Agents ; Wasps ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The management of extensive areas invaded by alien plants using only physical and chemical control methods is challenging as it frequently only provides short-term suppression. Additionally, success depends on thorough follow-up, which can be prohibitively expensive and, as such, neglected. More successful and sustainable management of widespread invasive alien plants may be achieved with biological control (biocontrol), either alone or integrated with other methods. Acacia longifolia was introduced into Portugal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for dune stabilization and has become one of the most widespread invasive alien plants in the coastal areas, promoting significant negative impacts. To decrease A. longifolia seed production, the Australian bud-galling wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae was introduced as a biocontrol agent in 2015. This study reports the effect of T. acaciaelongifoliae on A. longifolia seed production for over five to six years and seed bank replenishment since its introduction. Galls have significantly increased five years after the biocontrol agent release, followed by major pod reduction and consequently seed rain decline. By monitoring the same trees for several years, we have confirmed that seed rain is higher in non-galled A. longifolia stands, peaking in mid-summer. Our results further support that both the number of pods and seeds progressively decline to zero, demonstrating a 98,1 % reduction in seed rain. Additionally, the increase of the biocontrol agent induces stress on galled plants leading to phyllode abscission and, eventually, plant mortality. On the other hand, the A. longifolia seed bank continued to increase gradually between 2015 and 2024, except at one dune site, where a major wildfire in 2017, followed by tree planting, contributed to its depletion. Mechanical control reduced seed bank numbers, and this result was enhanced in areas where T. acaciaelongifoliae helped to maintain low seed input. Where the biocontrol agent has been established for more than six years, and/or has a high establishment rate, seed banks are now stabilizing. These results are encouraging for the recovery of coastal dunes invaded by A. longifolia, emphasizing the pressing need for establishing an integrated strategy and increasing investment in biocontrol to enhance invasive plant management in Europe.},
}
@article {pmid41027086,
year = {2025},
author = {Bostal, F and Scorolli, AL and Zalba, SM},
title = {Horseback opinions: what do visitors see when they see the wild horses that concern conservation biologists?.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127455},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127455},
pmid = {41027086},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; Horses ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Introduced Species ; Humans ; Animals, Wild ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {Social conflicts surrounding invasive alien species can hinder their management, which makes studying the human dimension increasingly important. This approach is particularly relevant in natural reserves, where assessing visitors' perceptions of invasive alien species can help guide the design of more effective outreach and engagement strategies. This study examines visitors' knowledge of feral horses, their perceptions of these animals' value and ecological impact, and their acceptance of different management alternatives in a protected grassland area in the Argentine Pampas. We expect that public perceptions of feral horses and acceptance of the proposed actions will be closely related, and that both will be influenced by knowledge, prior access to information, and demographic factors. We designed a questionnaire to evaluate visitors' knowledge and perceptions about the feral horses in the area, as well as their acceptance of various management options. Our results indicate that many park visitors are unaware of the feral horse issue, often emphasize the cultural significance of these animals, and generally do not recognize them as non-native. However, there is awareness of their ecological impacts on grasslands and broad acceptance of the need to manage the population. Visitorś knowledge and information received from park staff or guides increase support for management, underscoring the importance of providing effective information before and during visits. These findings highlight the need of targeted communication and education strategies to foster broader public support for invasive alien species management.},
}
@article {pmid41026245,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, VM and Kotanen, PM},
title = {Low temperatures reduce establishment of new populations of invasive plants in a subarctic treeline environment.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {10},
pages = {167},
pmid = {41026245},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {RGPIN-2022-03579//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; CGS D - 569276 - 2022//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Cold Temperature ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are a serious global issue, but invasions are relatively less common at high latitudes, likely due to harsh environmental conditions and limited accessibility. An exception to this is human-settled and disturbed towns that may promote invasions and risk acting as sources of non-native species into the surrounding natural areas. For instance, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada (58ºN), is a treeline subarctic town and port connected by a railway to temperate North America. More than a hundred non-native plant species have been recorded within the town footprint and associated areas. While some have persisted for decades in these areas, none has spread into nearby tundra or boreal forest ecosystems. We used a greenhouse warming experiment to investigate the importance of increased growing season temperatures on three perennial non-native species (Linaria vulgaris, Plantago major, Taraxacum officinale), and used a transplant experiment to investigate non-native survival and growth after manual translocation to tundra and boreal forest roadside over several full years. We found that non-native plants were able to survive temporarily after manual translocation to roadsides adjacent to natural areas, with higher survival in warmer boreal forest roadsides. When we experimentally increased temperature, non-native seed germination increased, and non-native transplants trended toward increased survival and growth, again suggesting that temperature is a limiting factor. However, survival and growth of these non-native species consistently declined over time. Future global and climate change that results in increased warming therefore may shift these non-native species from invasion failure to success.},
}
@article {pmid41024993,
year = {2025},
author = {Nhlengethwa, N and Stewart, RD and Emami-Khoyi, A and Teske, PR and Csányi, S and Heltai, M and van der Bank, M},
title = {An eDNA Survey of Plant Biodiversity in a Local Dam Within South Africa's Largest City.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72196},
pmid = {41024993},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Ecosystems within cities can play a crucial role in conserving local biodiversity amid rapidly expanding urban sprawl, but they face significant threats from anthropogenic activities and the introduction of alien invasive species (AIS). A comprehensive management plan is required to effectively preserve the biodiversity supported by urban ecosystems. However, the ecological information needed to establish, implement and monitor such plans is often incomplete. In this study, we assessed the application of eDNA metabarcoding in surveying plant biodiversity in an aquatic habitat by collecting water samples at five sites in an urban dam in the City of Johannesburg. Out of 1001 reconstructed Amplicon Sample Variants (ASVs), plant taxa were assigned to 47 unique taxonomic ranks at the family level, 42 unique ranks at the generic level and only 13 unique ranks at the species level (including three AIS). The remaining ASVs could only be identified at higher taxonomic ranks, indicating that no DNA barcodes have yet been generated for the putative species in question. Although this study provides a good overview of plant community structure, it also highlights a gap in the taxonomic coverage of South African plants on public DNA databases. To address this shortcoming, increased national DNA barcoding efforts are needed to expand current reference databases. This will be indispensable for the effective application of eDNA metabarcoding in studying South Africa's unique biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41024497,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, X and Song, B and Zhang, H and Long, Y and Dan, Y and Liao, G and Chen, M and Qin, L and Chen, X and Zhu, F},
title = {Field-realistic exposure to pesticide residues in beehive pollen and honey and the associated risk to honeybees.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {1057-1065},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70264},
pmid = {41024497},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {Qian KH-YQK[2023]026, Qiankehe Foundation ZK [2023] General 181//Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects/ ; 32360693//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; [2024]07//Qian Agricultural Science Doctoral Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; QianKeHefuQi [2023] 011//Innovative capabilities Buildup of green prevention and control for Invasive Species in Agriculture/ ; [2025]38//Qian Agricultural Science General Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {*Bees ; *Pesticide Residues/analysis ; *Pollen/chemistry ; Animals ; *Honey/analysis ; DNA, Environmental/analysis ; Food Contamination/analysis ; China ; Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Seasons ; Magnoliopsida/chemistry ; Pollination ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Honeybees, as the most important pollinators, can be affected by pesticides while foraging for nectar and pollen. Previous studies have shown that some pesticides can be found in pollen and nectar in realistic samples. However, the actual exposure characteristics of bees and the core sources of pesticides in the karst landform of Guizhou remain unknown at present. In this study, environmental DNA analysis was performed on bee pollen to examine its plant sources. Furthermore, the types and concentrations of pesticides in honey and bee pollen to which the associated bees were exposed were determined using the optimized QuEChERS extraction method combined with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the risks posed by the detected pesticides to the bees were assessed.<br><br>RESULTS: Results showed that spring beehive pollen mainly originated from agricultural crops, while autumn beehive pollen primarily originated from wild plants. Among the 427 samples of honey and bee pollen. Twenty-five types of pesticides were identified, including thiamethoxam, difenoconazole, and chlorantraniliprole, which were the most frequently detected pesticides in the samples. The overall pesticide detection rate for the samples was 54.8%. The HQ and &#x2211;HQ values of the detected pesticides for bees were less than 1.0.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A higher number of pesticides was detected in the spring samples (24 pesticides) than in the autumn samples (seven pesticides), implying that the bees encounter greater challenges in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The residual levels of these pesticides posed acceptable exposure risk levels to the bees. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid41023068,
year = {2025},
author = {Flitcroft, RL and Penaluna, BE and Hauck, LL and Munyon, JW and Capurso, JM},
title = {Multi-species eDNA as a screening tool to facilitate early detection and eradication of aquatic invasive species in large water bodies.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33615},
pmid = {41023068},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics ; Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Biodiversity ; Fishes/genetics ; Plants/genetics ; },
abstract = {Aquatic invasive species can devastate native biodiversity and human water infrastructure. Effective eradication relies on early detection. However, commonly used visual surveys are ineffective for detection of small populations of submerged invasive species in large water bodies. Here, we explored detection of invasive aquatic plants, animals (vertebrate and invertebrate), and pathogens using 10 environmental DNA (eDNA) water sampling events every two weeks between June and October, 2018, informing ideal sampling times for long-term early-detection monitoring. The highest number of species detections across taxa were found using 6 replicates in late August and early September. Detections varied by taxon, with the most detections for fishes, followed by invertebrates, amphibians, and submerged plants. All expected species were detected with eDNA except for three terrestrial and emergent riparian plants. Reservoirs had the most consistent presence of AIS, suggesting that those systems and aquatic communities may be susceptible to new invasions. AIS detections occurred across more sites and water bodies than had been previously documented which provided evidence of silent invasions by species such as crayfishes, mollusks, and plants. We offer a framework for interpreting management response to low-read counts from multispecies eDNA sampling that balances interpretation of results with the cost of management responses.},
}
@article {pmid41022991,
year = {2025},
author = {Cesarini, G and Orlandi, M and Sbarberi, R and Sabatino, R and Magni, S and Binelli, A and Santi, N and Schiavetta, D and Kamburska, L and Zanini, M and Zaupa, S and Boggero, A},
title = {Microplastics and invasive crayfish: emerging interactions and ecological implications from three coexisting species in a subalpine lake.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33395},
pmid = {41022991},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CUPB83C22002930006//National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC/ ; CUPB83C22002930006//National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC/ ; Cooperation agreement 769/2019, 812/2021//International Commission for the Protection of Italian-Swiss Waters (CIPAIS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Astacoidea/metabolism/physiology ; *Lakes/chemistry ; *Microplastics/analysis/toxicity ; *Introduced Species ; Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; },
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) and invasive species are two of the most pressing threats to freshwater ecosystems, yet their interactions remain underexplored. This study presents the first comparative analysis of MP uptake among three coexisting invasive crayfish species (Faxonius limosus, Pacifastacus leniusculus, and Procambarus clarkii) from Lake Maggiore, a large subalpine lake subjected to intense anthropogenic pressure. A total of 90 individuals were analyzed for biometric traits and MP occurrence in intestinal content, with species identification confirmed via molecular analysis. No significant interspecific differences or correlations with biometric traits were found, though F. limosus showed the highest average concentration. Most MPs were < 1 mm polyester or polyacrylate fibers, suggesting a dominant domestic source. Additionally, this work provides the first evidence of MP uptake in F. limosus, filling a key knowledge gap. Beyond documenting MP ingestion, our findings support the potential of invasive crayfish as agents of MP removal, suggesting an ecological role with important implications for environmental monitoring and ecosystem management. These results also highlight the need for further research on trophic transfer and organ-level accumulation of MPs, especially in widely distributed invasive species that are increasingly relevant for environmental risk assessment.},
}
@article {pmid41022942,
year = {2025},
author = {Halifu, S and Deng, X and Yang, L and Qian, L and Yang, L},
title = {Metagenomic analysis of pathogenicity of puccinia xanthii on invasive plant xanthium italicum.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33530},
pmid = {41022942},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {KX031042//PhD research startup foundation of Shihezi University/ ; KX6107//a program of Shihezi University/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; *Xanthium/microbiology ; *Metagenomics/methods ; *Puccinia/genetics/pathogenicity ; Introduced Species ; Photosynthesis ; China ; },
abstract = {Biological invasion refers to the establishment and proliferation of non-indigenous species in previously unoccupied areas, where they form wild populations. Xanthium italicum, an invasive species in Xinjiang, China, negatively affects local ecosystems, agriculture, and animal husbandry. In this study, we investigated the pathogenicity of Puccinia xanthii on the leaves of X. italicum by exploring the morphological characteristics of the pathogenic fungi, leaf enzyme activity measurement, photosynthesis measurement, and metagenomic sequencing. This study showed that P. xanthii infects the leaves of X. italicum, significantly reducing the activities of lyase, oxidoreductase, and antioxidant enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT), as well as impairing photosynthesis. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis indicated that P. xanthii infection reduced the homogeneity and richness of phyllosphere microorganisms and increased the abundance of P. xanthii in the phyllosphere. Functional analysis also revealed that P. xanthii infection altered the diversity of microbial functions and eventually led to the development of disease symptoms and the demise of leaves through activated oxidative phosphorylation.},
}
@article {pmid41022864,
year = {2025},
author = {S Barbosa, MD and Okasaki, FB and de Liz, NTP and Trindade, SG and Dos Santos, A and De A Umbuzeiro, G and de Messano, LVR and Altvater, L and de S Oliveira, EA and Gonçalves, JEA and Messano, HF and Kassuga, AD and Coutinho, R and Speglich, C and Sabadini, E},
title = {An environmentally friendly bio-based approach to control invasive sun corals (Tubastrea spp.).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33355},
pmid = {41022864},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2018/00204-9//Petrobras/ ; 2021/00015-4//Petrobras/ ; 2015/25406-5//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 141957/2021-2//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/drug effects ; *Introduced Species ; *Hydrogels/chemistry ; Acetic Acid/chemistry ; Alginates/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The rapid spread of the invasive sun coral species (Tubastraea spp.) in the South Atlantic, Caribbean region, and Gulf of Mexico urges for an immediate control tool. This study presents an environmentally friendly method to control invasive sun coral species, based on a hydrogel composed of alginate and acetic acid, offering a promising alternative to mechanical removal by divers. The biodegradable hydrogel can be remotely applied using underwater drones, reducing diver exposure. Minimal ecotoxicological effects of the hydrogel were observed using Parhyale hawaiensis as a non-target species.},
}
@article {pmid41022775,
year = {2025},
author = {Chiappi, M and Di Muri, C and Azzurro, E and Luzi, F and Rosati, I and Despalatović, M and Cvitković, I and Scarcella, G},
title = {A spatiotemporal dataset of invasive Anadara kagoshimensis and Anadara transversa in the Adriatic Sea.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1588},
pmid = {41022775},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; Italy ; Oceans and Seas ; Ecosystem ; *Bivalvia ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; },
abstract = {In response to the growing demand for accurate spatial and temporal information on the abundance and distribution of invasive species as required by EU regulations, data on two invasive bivalves have been collected annually through beam trawl surveys in the Adriatic Sea, as part of an international, fishery-independent monitoring programme. The compiled dataset comprises 1,998 records of Anadara kagoshimensis and Anadara transversa located in the Italian and international waters of the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea, and collected from 2008 to 2023. The records from this dataset represent georeferenced information on detections/non-detections including abundance and biomass information per sampled sites. This initiative highlights the potential of leveraging existing spatiotemporal data on invasive species to support their commercial harvesting and inform sustainable management practices, ultimately helping to mitigate their impact on native ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41022005,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, W and Liu, H and Zhang, Q and Gao, N and Hui, M and Sun, Y and Zhang, X and Feng, Y},
title = {Genome-wide identification of cytochrome b5 gene family reveals their potential roles in nitrate response in Xanthium strumarium.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {229},
number = {Pt C},
pages = {110544},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110544},
pmid = {41022005},
issn = {1873-2690},
mesh = {*Nitrates/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Xanthium/genetics/metabolism/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gibberellins/pharmacology ; *Multigene Family ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Cytochrome b5 protein (CB5) is a key physiological component in electron transport, playing a significant role in oxidative reactions, plant growth, and stress response mechanisms. In invasive plants, the CB5 gene family may potentiate invasion competitiveness by orchestrating oxidative stress homeostasis, thereby conferring adaptive advantages under novel environmental regimes. This study focused on the CB5 gene family in Xanthium strumarium, an invasive species. We conducted RNA-sequencing following treatments with 0.5 mM nitrate, 5 mM nitrate, and Gibberellins (GA), as these concentrations mimic varying nitrogen availability and hormonal responses that the plant may encounter in novel environments. 27 putative XstCB5 proteins were isolated and clustered them into four clades in X. strumarium. The 27 XstCB5 genes exhibited distinct gene structures encoding a wide range of physiological traits through their corresponding proteins. All the XstCB5s promoters harbored numerous cis-elements related to stress and phytohormones. RNA-sequencing results revealed significant upregulation of 26, 24, and 24 CB5 genes in response to the respective treatments. Real-time quantitative PCR and nitrate reductase (NR) activity further demonstrated that XstNR1 and XstNR2, the key nitrogen assimilation-related CB5 genes, exhibited distinct functions when subjected to conditions of low nitrate stress. The overexpression of XstNR2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in an increased biomass following treatment with 0.5 mM nitrate. Our results provide a systematic overview of the XstCB5 gene family and emphasize their roles in varying nitrate conditions.},
}
@article {pmid41020141,
year = {2025},
author = {Honasoge, KS and Vincent, TLS and McNickle, GG and Dobbe, R and Staňková, K and Brown, JS and Apaloo, J},
title = {Hyper Diversity, Species Richness, and Community Structure in ESS and Non-ESS Communities.},
journal = {Dynamic games and applications},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {1424-1444},
pmid = {41020141},
issn = {2153-0785},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: In mathematical models of eco-evolutionary dynamics with a quantitative trait, two species with different strategies can coexist only if they are separated by a valley or peak of the adaptive landscape. A community is ecologically and evolutionarily stable if each species' trait sits on global, equal fitness peaks, forming a saturated ESS community. However, the adaptive landscape may allow communities with fewer (undersaturated) or more (hypersaturated) species than the ESS. Non-ESS communities at ecological equilibrium exhibit invasion windows of strategies that can successfully invade. Hypersaturated communities can arise through mutual invasibility where each non-ESS species' strategy lies in another's invasion window. Hypersaturation in ESS communities with more than 1 species remains poorly understood. We use the G-function approach to model niche coevolution and Darwinian dynamics in a Lotka-Volterra competition model. We confirm that up to 2 species can coexist in a hypersaturated community with a single-species ESS if the strategy is scalar-valued, or 3 species if the strategy is bivariate. We conjecture that at most n · s + 1 species can form a hypersaturated community, where n is the number of ESS species at the strategy's dimension s . For a scalar-valued 2-species ESS, 4 species coexist by "straddling" the would-be ESS traits. When our model has a 5-species ESS, we can get 7 or 8, but not 9 or 10, species coexisting in the hypersaturated community. In a bivariate model with a single-species ESS, an infinite number of 3-species hypersaturated communities can exist. We offer conjectures and discuss their relevance to ecosystems that may be non-ESS due to invasive species, climate change, and human-altered landscapes.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13235-025-00646-2.},
}
@article {pmid41017211,
year = {2025},
author = {Policelli, N and Nuñez, MA},
title = {Invasive ectomycorrhizal fungi: belowground insights from South America.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {6},
pages = {2714-2721},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70608},
pmid = {41017211},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//Fundaci&#xf3;n Williams/ ; //Society for the Protection of Underground Networks SPUN/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; South America ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are essential for nutrient cycling and plant symbiosis, yet their invasions remain understudied, particularly in South America. Large-scale forestry introductions have spread non-native EMF across the continent. Although definitions vary, EMF are invasive when they disperse, colonize new environments, and overcome natural barriers. Invasive EMF alter soil biogeochemistry and local microbial and plant communities, sometimes preceding plant invasions. Despite their importance, invasive EMF remain poorly documented, with major knowledge gaps. Research must strengthen local networks, expand access to molecular tools, and integrate traditional knowledge. In turn, unregulated commercial inoculants pose risks, requiring policy intervention. South America offers a unique opportunity to strengthen collaboration and regional research to help elucidate and prevent future EMF invasions while guiding conservation.},
}
@article {pmid41016143,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, X and Pan, Z and Li, N and Chen, J and Du, N and Xu, Y and Wang, Y},
title = {From invasion to remediation: Phytolacca americana outcompetes congeners through superior cadmium hyperaccumulation and stress resilience in contaminated soils.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {304},
number = {},
pages = {119135},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119135},
pmid = {41016143},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {*Phytolacca americana/growth &amp; development/metabolism/physiology ; *Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis/metabolism/toxicity ; *Cadmium/analysis/metabolism/toxicity ; Plant Weeds ; Stress, Physiological ; Soil/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Catalase/metabolism ; Proline/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Soil heavy metal (HM) pollution and biological invasions synergistically threaten ecosystem stability by impairing plant growth and reproduction. This study investigates the differential adaptability of the invasive Phytolacca americana and its congeneric relatives (P. icosandra and native P. acinosa) under cadmium (Cd) stress. Plants were cultivated in soils with Cd concentrations of 0, 2, 8, and 32 mg kg[-1], and their growth, physiological traits, antioxidant responses, and Cd accumulation were analyzed. Results demonstrated that P. americana exhibited enhanced morphological traits (plant height, leaf area), photosynthetic efficiency, and reproductive output (fruit weight and biomass) under Cd stress, whereas P. icosandra and P. acinosa displayed significant declines. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and proline content in P. americana increased markedly (e.g., 77.72 % proline elevation under high Cd), mitigating oxidative damage. Additionally, P. americana showed superior Cd bioaccumulation, with translocation factor (TF) 1.25- and 2.08-fold higher than P. icosandra and P. acinosa, respectively, alongside stable bioconcentration factors (BCF) under high Cd. In contrast, P. icosandra exhibited concentration-dependent Cd tolerance, while P. acinosa prioritized root Cd sequestration. Notably, P. americana maintained growth-reproduction equilibrium without trade-offs, a trait absent in its congeners. These findings highlight P. americana's robust Cd adaptability and hyperaccumulation potential, offering insights for ecological restoration of contaminated soils. However, molecular mechanisms and multi-metal interactions warrant further exploration.},
}
@article {pmid41014393,
year = {2025},
author = {Schreiber, SJ},
title = {Coexistence and extinction in flow-kick systems: An invasion growth rate approach.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {50},
pmid = {41014393},
issn = {1432-1416},
mesh = {*Models, Biological ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Mathematical Concepts ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; },
abstract = {Natural populations experience a complex interplay of continuous and discrete processes: continuous growth and interactions are punctuated by discrete reproduction events, dispersal, and external disturbances. These dynamics can be modeled by impulsive or flow-kick systems, where continuous flows alternate with instantaneous discrete changes. To study species persistence in these systems, an invasion growth rate theory is developed for flow-kick models with state-dependent timing of kicks and auxiliary variables that can represent stage structure, trait evolution, or environmental forcing. The invasion growth rates correspond to Lyapunov exponents that characterize the average per-capita growth of species when rare. Two theorems are proven that use invasion growth rates to characterize permanence, a form of robust coexistence where populations remain bounded away from extinction. The first theorem uses Morse decompositions of the extinction set and requires that there exists a species with a positive invasion growth rate for every invariant measure supported on a component of the Morse decomposition. The second theorem uses invasion growth rates to define invasion graphs whose vertices correspond to communities and directed edges to potential invasions. Provided the invasion graph is acyclic, permanence and extinction are fully characterized by the signs of the invasion growth rates. Invasion growth rates are also used to identify the existence of extinction-bound trajectories and attractors that lie on the extinction set. To demonstrate the framework's utility, these results are applied to three ecological systems: (i) a microbial serial transfer model where state-dependent timing enables coexistence through a storage effect, (ii) a spatially structured consumer-resource model showing intermediate reproductive delays can maximize persistence, and (iii) an empirically parameterized Lotka-Volterra model demonstrating how disturbance can lead to extinction by disrupting facilitation. Mathematical challenges, particularly for systems with cyclic invasion graphs, and promising biological applications are discussed. These results reveal how the interplay between continuous and discrete dynamics creates ecological outcomes not found in purely continuous or discrete systems, providing a foundation for predicting population persistence and species coexistence in natural communities subject to gradual and sudden changes.},
}
@article {pmid41013189,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, PY and Chiu, WC and Lim, SL and Chen, HJ and Chen, YH and Wang, HI and Yang, CY and Chen, CC and Nozawa, Y and Yamashiro, H and Sakai, K and Tang, SL},
title = {Genomic analysis reveals broad adaptability of coral-killing sponge (Terpios hoshinota) under environmental stress.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {830},
pmid = {41013189},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {NSTC 112-2313-B-110-003//National Science and Technology Council/ ; NSTC 111-2621-B-001-002-MY3//National Science and Technology Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Porifera/genetics/physiology ; *Genomics ; *Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; *Genome ; Transcriptome ; Anthozoa ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {The coral-killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota, poses a significant ecological threat to coral reefs, exhibiting rapid expansion and competitive overgrowth. Despite its invasiveness, the genomic basis underlying its adaptability and resilience remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of T. hoshinota, comprising 169.4 Mb with 40,945 predicted genes. Phylogenomic analysis estimated its divergence from other demosponges during the Ordovician (~ 471 million years ago), even though its simple morphology suggests a more ancient evolutionary origin. Comparative genomic analyses revealed enrichment of genes related to substrate adhesion, innate immunity, and developmental pathways, including expansions of Wnt signaling, homeobox genes, and cell migration gene ontologies which may contribute to its aggressive growth and resilience. Transcriptomic responses under simulated climate stress conditions (heat stress at 31 °C and acidification at 700 ppm pCO2) indicated dynamic gene regulation, with upregulation of neurotransmitter metabolism, cellular maintenance, and ion homeostasis responses. Despite these stressors, it remained stable. This suggests that T. hoshinota exhibits strong adaptability and resilience through rapid gene regulation. In conclusion, these findings provide molecular insights into T. hoshinota's ecological success, its potential expansion under climate change, and its broader impact on coral reef ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid41012084,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, B and Huang, C and Cheng, S and Romeis, J and Collatz, J and Zhang, G and Zhang, Y and Zhang, G and Wan, F},
title = {Screening of Highly Virulent Beauveria bassiana Strains Against Tuta absoluta Larvae and Evaluation of Their Endophytic Colonization-Mediated Suppression in Tomato Plants.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41012084},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2021YFD1400200//the National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; 2022YFC2601000//the National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; No. S2025XM32//the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund/ ; KFG202421//the Project of the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Minis-try of Education/ ; },
abstract = {To identify highly virulent Beauveria bassiana strains against Tuta absoluta and evaluate their biocontrol potential, four strains were phylogenetically characterized via ITS sequence analysis of rDNA and assessed for virulence against second-instar T. absoluta larvae. Foliar spray and root irrigation methods were used to establish B. bassiana endophytic colonization in tomato plants, with untreated plants serving as controls. A population life table was constructed to quantify the impact of colonized plants on larval development, fecundity, and key demographic parameters. Results showed variation in virulence among the four B. bassiana strains Bb1Bm, Bb2Bm, Bb1M, and BbC with Bb1Bm exhibiting the highest pathogenicity (85.00% corrected mortality at 1 × 10[8] spores/mL). Maximum endophytic colonization in tomato leaves was observed 14 days post-inoculation with both foliar spray and root irrigation treatments. Life table analyses revealed that T. absoluta feeding on colonized plants exhibited significantly reduced survival rates, shorter adult lifespans, and lower female fecundity compared to controls. Key population parameters, including net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ), were significantly reduced, while mean generation time (T) was significantly prolonged. These findings highlight the dual role of B. bassiana in T. absoluta management, demonstrating its potential as both a direct pathogen and an endophytic biocontrol agent capable of disrupting pest population dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid41012052,
year = {2025},
author = {Domijan, AM and Bival Štefan, M and Duka, I and Marić, T and Friščić, M and Maleš, &#x17d; and Mitić, B and Hruševar, D},
title = {Mechanism of Impatiens glandulifera Royle Allelopathy to Sinapis alba L. and Raphanus sativus L. Germination Is Through Oxidative Stress.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41012052},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Z264//University of Zagreb/ ; },
abstract = {Impatiens glandulifera Royle (I. glandulifera) in the EU presents a threat to the ecosystem, and is thus on the list of invasive alien species. The aim of this study was to clarify if an allelopathic effect of I. glandulifera involves the activation of oxidative stress in target plants. First, I. glandulifera leaf extract was prepared and levels of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone (2-HNQ) and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-MNQ), as main allelochemicals of I. glandulifera, determined by HPLC. Next, seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba) or radish (Raphanus sativus) were exposed to the extract or to 2-MNQ (in the concentration range of 1-30 µg/mL) for 3 days and parameters of germination and oxidative stress were assessed. Both the leaf extract and 2-MNQ inhibited germination of white mustard and radish; however, the effect of 2-MNQ was more pronounced. Furthermore, the extract and 2-MNQ induced activation of antioxidative defense and caused oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in white mustard and radish seedlings. It was observed that radish seedlings were less susceptible to negative effect of I. glandulifera extract and 2-MNQ. This study's obtained results demonstrated that 2-MNQ is the main allelochemical of I. glandulifera and that the mechanism by which I. glandulifera and 2-MNQ induce negative effects to target plants involves oxidative stress. In addition, species-dependent susceptibility to I. glandulifera and 2-MNQ was shown.},
}
@article {pmid41011806,
year = {2025},
author = {Kubacki, J and Klich, D and Bełcik, A and Korpysa-Dzirba, W and Cencek, T and Karamon, J and Sroka, J and Samorek-Pieróg, M and Gondek, M and Bilska-Zając, E},
title = {Forest Density and Invasive Carnivores Are Related to Trichinella Infection in Wild Boars in Poland.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011806},
issn = {2076-0817},
mesh = {Animals ; Poland/epidemiology ; *Trichinellosis/epidemiology/veterinary/transmission/parasitology ; *Sus scrofa/parasitology ; *Trichinella/isolation &amp; purification ; Introduced Species ; Forests ; Raccoon Dogs/parasitology ; Population Density ; Swine ; *Swine Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; *Carnivora/parasitology ; Foxes/parasitology ; Prevalence ; Mustelidae/parasitology ; },
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate and update the spatial distribution of Trichinella spp. in wild boars tested between 2015 and 2022 and to test the correlation of the population density of chosen animals (wild boars, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and European badgers (Meles meles)) with the prevalence of Trichinella spp. in wild boars in Poland. In addition, to understand the distribution of infected animals, we sought to see if there were a correlation of Trichinella spp. infections in wild boars with land cover type. Among the wild carnivore species analyzed, only the population density of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)-an invasive alien species-was significantly associated with infection rates in wild boars, particularly at the regional scale. As scavengers and competent reservoir hosts for all four European Trichinella species, raccoon dogs are likely to play a key role in the sylvatic transmission cycle. The positive rate of Trichinella spp. infection in wild boars during 2015-2022 was 0.22%, compared to 0.3% in 2009-2016. Moreover, forest density was positively correlated with infection rates, underlining the role of forest habitats in sustaining Trichinella transmission.},
}
@article {pmid41011680,
year = {2025},
author = {Ložienė, K and Chochlovaitė, I},
title = {Effect of Phenological Stage and Leaf Age on Changes of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Contents in Some Weeds and Invasive Species.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011680},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Plant Leaves/chemistry/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Carotenoids/metabolism/analysis ; *Chlorophyll/metabolism/analysis ; *Plant Weeds/metabolism/chemistry/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Potential sources of chlorophyll, widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries, could be invasive species and weeds. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of vegetation period and leaf age on changes of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in leaves of six widespread plant species of four different families, as well as in the weed Urtica dioica as a "comparative" species. Plants were growing under the same environmental conditions, and chlorophylls and carotenoids were analyzed spectrophotometrically every two weeks from May to September. Average total chlorophyll (a + b) content only in leaves of Lamium album and Aegopodium podagraria was lower than in Urtica dioica and significantly differed from their content in Leonurus cardiaca and Agrimonia eupatoria. Total chlorophyll (a + b) content in leaves of common native Pastinaca sativa and very invasive Solidago canadensis was also higher or very similar to that of Urtica dioica. The highest amount of green pigments in all species was found at the budding and/or flowering period. Unlike other species, variation of total chlorophyll (a + b) in Leonurus cardiaca was little, and chlorophyll a/b ratio was lower than 2:1 during the vegetation period. In contrast to total chlorophyll (a + b), total carotenoid was higher in young leaves.},
}
@article {pmid41009154,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, K and Li, H and Guo, D and Sun, Z and Li, F and Chu, D},
title = {Spatiotemporal Population Genomics of the Invasive Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED in China: Implications for Surveillance and Sustainable Control.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009154},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2022YFD1401204//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; tstp20221135//Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province of China/ ; ZR2024QC128//Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; 663-1121025//Qingdao Agricultural University High-level Talent Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Bemisia tabaci MED is one of the most invasive and destructive agricultural pests worldwide, posing a serious threat to crop production and biosecurity. Understanding its spatiotemporal population dynamics and genetic structure is critical for early detection, effective surveillance, and sustainable management. Previous studies have shown that B. tabaci MED in China has a high genetic structure and an unstable genetic composition. The annual genetic dynamics of the B. tabaci MED population have not been investigated throughout the outbreak phase that began in 2008. Here, we report the use of 2b-RAD sequencing to estimate the spatial and temporal genetic structure of B. tabaci MED in Shandong Province over several years. We examined 198 individuals from five sites over four years (2008, 2013, 2015, and 2017). Although populations showed generally low within-population diversity (Shannon I ≤ 0.407) and a high gene flow, clear temporal differentiation emerged between the early invasion phase (2008) and later outbreak years (2013-2017). Furthermore, specific populations, notably 2017 Liaocheng and Zaozhuang, retained distinct genetic signatures compared with other regions, suggesting localized founder effects or adaptation. Our study underscores the importance of integrating high-resolution genomic tools into invasive pest surveillance programs, and understanding this heterogeneity is critical for targeted surveillance, quarantine prioritization, and sustainable management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41009148,
year = {2025},
author = {Wijekoon, CD and Duarte, A and Neto, L},
title = {The Potential Risk of Bactrocera dorsalis (Tephritidae) Invasion into the Fruit Industry in the Iberian Peninsula: A Review.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009148},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {SEA-EU 2.0 - 101089757//European Union/ ; MED UIDB/05183/2020//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e Tecnologia/ ; UIDP/05183/2020//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e Tecnologia/ ; },
abstract = {Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is considered a highly invasive fruit fly species already widespread in Indo-Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, this species has extended its range into new regions previously considered unsuitable, posing an alarming new risk for the subtropical regions of Europe. This review aimed to assess the potential risk of B. dorsalis invasion into the fruit industry in the Iberian Peninsula, the southwesternmost tip of Europe. With the collected information from published scientific knowledge on B. dorsalis's distribution, biology, climatic tolerance, host plant diversity, and recent invasion pathways, we have provided an assessment of the possibilities of introducing this alarming fruit fly species to the Iberian Peninsula. In this review, we found that B. dorsalis has been recently reported in several adjacent European countries such as France, Italy, and Austria, and it serves as a warning signal to the Iberian Peninsula for the possible risks that this species poses in the future. Considering this persistent threat posed by B. dorsalis, we reviewed its potential future threat by considering the status of the fruit industry and Mediterranean climate in the Iberian Peninsula. We also considered the findings of recent climatic forecasting models. This review provides a theoretical basis for the prospective intrusion of B. dorsalis into the Iberian Peninsula's fruit industry, as well as the potential impact following its establishment, together with recommendations for restricting the introduction and spread.},
}
@article {pmid41009145,
year = {2025},
author = {Esquivel, IL and Bryant, T and Malone, S and Jacobson, AL and Graham, SH and Gimenez-Cremonez, PS and Roberts, P and Paula-Moreas, S and Reisig, D and Huseth, A and Greene, J and Reay-Jones, FPF and Taylor, S},
title = {First Report of Two-Spot Cotton Leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Commercial Cotton in the Southeastern United States.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009145},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The two-spot cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida, 1913) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a polyphagous pest native to the Indian subcontinent, where it is a significant pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, Moench), and other crops. At adult and immature stages, they feed on leaf cell contents, causing characteristic "hopperburn" symptoms and yield losses of up to 40% in cotton in its native range. In July 2025, A. biguttula was detected for the first time during the cotton growing season in commercial and experimental fields across multiple counties in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Identification was confirmed through morphological examination of diagnostic external features and male genitalia. Within four weeks, the pest was found in 101 counties, with injury symptoms ranging from mild chlorosis to severe necrosis and defoliation. Given the southeastern United States' average of 979,339 hectares of cotton valued at USD 1.7-USD 2.8 billion annually, the potential for economic impact is considerable. Rapid symptom development, broad host range, and multiple generations per year underscore the need for coordinated monitoring and research to determine preliminary control measures and to identify potential alternative hosts. This report documents the first confirmed occurrence of A. biguttula in U.S. cotton and highlights its potential as an established recurring pest threat in the region.},
}
@article {pmid41009087,
year = {2025},
author = {Eritja, R and Sanpera-Calbet, I and Delacour-Estrella, S and Ruiz-Arrondo, I and Puig, M&#xc0; and Bengoa-Paulís, M and Alarcón-Elbal, PM and Barceló, C and Mariani, S and Martínez-Barciela, Y and Bravo-Barriga, D and Polina, A and Pereira-Martínez, JM and González, MA and Escartin, S and Melero-Alcíbar, R and Blanco-Sierra, L and Magallanes, S and Collantes, F and Ferraguti, M and González-Pérez, MI and Gutiérrez-López, R and Silva-Torres, MI and San Sebastián-Mendoza, O and Calvo-Reyes, MC and Mendoza-García, M and Macías-Magro, D and Cisneros, P and Cevidanes, A and Frontera, E and Mato, I and Fúster-Lorán, F and Domench-Guembe, M and Rodríguez-Regadera, ME and Casanovas-Urgell, R and Montalvo, T and Miranda, M&#xc1; and Figuerola, J and Lucientes-Curdi, J and Garriga, J and Palmer, JRB and Bartumeus, F},
title = {Integrating Citizen Science and Field Sampling into Next-Generation Early-Warning Systems for Vector Surveillance: Twenty Years of Municipal Detections of Aedes Invasive Mosquito Species in Spain.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009087},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {HR 18-00336//Fundaci&#xf3; Banc&#xe0;ria La Caixa/ ; HR22-00123//Fundaci&#xf3; Banc&#xe0;ria La Caixa/ ; },
abstract = {The spread of the invasive mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes japonicus in Spain represents an increasing public health risk due to their capacity to transmit arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, among others. Traditional field entomological surveillance remains essential for tracking their spread, but it faces limitations in terms of cost, scalability, and labor intensity. Since 2014, the Mosquito Alert citizen-science project has enabled public participation in surveillance through the submission of geolocated images via a mobile app, which are identified using AI in combination with expert validation. While field surveillance provides high accuracy, citizen science offers low-cost, large-scale, real-time data collection aligned with open data management principles. It is particularly useful for detecting long-distance dispersal events and has contributed up to one-third of the municipal detections of invasive mosquito species since 2014. This study assesses the value of integrating both surveillance systems to capitalize on their complementary strengths while compensating for their weaknesses in the areas of taxonomic accuracy, scalability, spatial detection patterns, data curation and validation systems, geographic precision, interoperability, and real-time output. We present the listing of municipal detections of these species from 2004 to 2024, integrating data from both sources. Spain's integrated approach demonstrates a pioneering model for cost-effective, scalable vector surveillance tailored to the dynamics of invasive species and emerging epidemiological threats.},
}
@article {pmid41009076,
year = {2025},
author = {Melone, G and Andretta, L and Pica, F and Donnarumma, FP and Ascolese, R and Nugnes, F and Laudonia, S},
title = {First Detection of Encarsia smithi in Italy and Co-Occurrence with Eretmocerus iulii: A Case of Unintentional Introductions and New Associations with the Invasive Species Aleurocanthus spiniferus.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009076},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {no number//URCoFi project (Unit&#xe0; Regionale di Coordinamento Fitosani- tario - Strengthening of the supervision activities and control of pests)/ ; no number//Agritech National Research Center for Technology in Agriculture and received funding from the European Union Next-Generation EU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR)- MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4-D.D. 1032 17/06/2022, CN00000022)/ ; },
abstract = {The occurrence of the invasive Orange Spiny Whitefly (Aleurocanthus spiniferus) has expanded rapidly in Italy, prompting responses from both native and unintentionally introduced natural enemies. Through field monitoring, morpho-molecular identification, and phenological analysis, a multi-species parasitoid complex acting on this pest was revealed. In addition to the predominant activity of Eretmocerus iulii, this study reports the first European detection of Encarsia smithi, genetically confirmed as belonging to haplogroup I, a lineage previously associated with A. spiniferus in Asia. Occasional parasitization by Cales noacki was also observed. Seasonal patterns suggest a possible ecological complementarity between Er. iulii and E. smithi, which may contribute to the suppression of A. spiniferus populations. Although climatic variables showed weak correlations with infestation or parasitism rates, a slight positive relationship was observed between rainfall and whitefly abundance. The increasing biocenotic complexity, reflected by the diversity and interactions among parasitoid species, indicates an emerging ecological balance. These findings underscore the potential role of unintentional biological control in supporting agroecosystem resilience.},
}
@article {pmid41008181,
year = {2025},
author = {Iveša, N and Kovačić, I and Buršić, M and Major, N and Palčić, I and Goreta Ban, S and Užila, Z and Millotti, G},
title = {Caulerpa cylindracea: First Insight into Its Nutritional Potential.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41008181},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {(dr. Gioconda Millotti)//Adris Foundation/ ; HORIZON-MSCA-2022-CITIZENS-01//RECONNECT SCIENCE WITH THE BLUE SOCIETY - Blue-connect/ ; },
abstract = {The invasive seaweed Caulerpa cylindracea is widespread in the Mediterranean and has notable ecological impacts, yet its nutritional potential remains underexplored. This study aimed to characterize the nutritional composition of C. cylindracea comprehensively. Samples were collected from the Northern Adriatic and analyzed for proximate composition, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids using standardized laboratory methods. The results revealed a balanced proximate profile with notable protein (11.8 g/100 g DW) and fiber (24.4 g/100 g DW) levels and relatively low carbohydrates (11.6 g/100 g DW). The seaweed exhibited a rich mineral content, including high levels of iron, magnesium, manganese, and potassium, while toxic heavy metals were absent. Vitamins B12 and E were present at elevated concentrations compared to related species. Amino acid analysis showed a well-balanced essential amino acid profile supporting its nutritional value. The high salt content (33.8 g/100 g DW) suggests the need for desalination prior to consumption to reduce sodium intake risks. These results indicate the potential of this invasive species as a novel dietary component, particularly for populations who may benefit from plant-based marine sources of essential nutrients in the Mediterranean region. This is the first comprehensive nutritional characterization of C. cylindracea from the Adriatic Sea, highlighting its potential for valorization as both an environmental management strategy and a novel dietary resource.},
}
@article {pmid41007957,
year = {2025},
author = {Badziukiewicz, J and Bors, M and Maciaszek, R and Świderek, W},
title = {Turtles for Sale: Species Prevalence in the Pet Trade in Poland and Potential Introduction Risks.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007957},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {The popularity of exotic animals, including turtles, kept as pets, has grown steadily in recent decades. Limited awareness of the biological and ecological requirements of these species, combined with insufficient regulation in the pet trade, has contributed to frequent cases of release into the wild. Consequently, the risk of the introduction of non-native turtle species has increased; while not all introduced species establish viable populations or compete with native fauna, some compete for habitat and food resources, transmit pathogens and parasites, or disrupt ecosystem functioning. This study assessed the availability and prevalence of problematic turtle species in the Polish pet trade. Data were collected in 2024 from three main distribution channels: zoological fairs, pet shops, and online platforms, resulting in 1001 recorded observations. A total of 15 freshwater and 11 terrestrial turtle species were identified. The most frequently offered were members of the genus Pseudemys (49.5%) and Mauremys reevesii (13.84%)-both potentially invasive taxa already recorded in natural environments of several European countries. Additionally, species prohibited from trade in Poland, such as the pond slider Trachemys scripta and the false map turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica, were found among online listings, constituting a total of 3.03% of all observations. These results highlight a significant risk of further introduction of alien turtles into Poland's natural environments, posing a serious threat to biodiversity, including the endangered native European pond turtle Emys orbicularis. Urgent public education and additional legal regulations are needed for the pet trade to prevent the further spread of invasive turtle species in Poland and across Europe.},
}
@article {pmid41007945,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaine, G and Wright, V},
title = {The Illegal Catch-and-Release of Wallabies.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007945},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {C0035222//Ministry for Primary Industries/ ; },
abstract = {Internationally, introduced invasive species inflict incalculable damage on native species and primary production. In New Zealand, wallabies, which were introduced from Australia, are damaging the native and agricultural environments, and their range is spreading. As a first step towards the long-term goal of eradicating wallabies from New Zealand, the Tipu Mātoro National Wallaby Eradication Programme has the immediate goal of restricting wallabies to containment areas designated in regional pest management plans and to eliminate outlier populations by 2025. The success of this strategy is put at risk if people catch wallabies and release them outside the containment areas. We sought to characterise the motivations, beliefs, and attitudes of members of the public who might engage in this illegal behaviour by surveying members of the New Zealand public. We discovered that a very small proportion of the public supported the illegal catch-and-release of wallabies. Respondents, including hunters, that supported catch-and-release believed that wallabies create economic benefits and do not severely damage the environment. They also believed that hunting helps control wallaby numbers. These results yielded a variety of specific policy implications required to reduce catch-and-release behaviour.},
}
@article {pmid41007928,
year = {2025},
author = {Cassinello, J and Albanell, E and Eguía, S and Roverso, A and San Miguel, A and Bartolomé, J},
title = {When the Evidence Points to the Non-Invasive Nature of an Allegedly Invasive Alien Species: The Case of the Aoudad in Mainland Spain.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007928},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {000//Comunidad Aut&#xf3;noma de la Regi&#xf3;n de Murcia/ ; },
abstract = {Here we reveal a first comparative analysis of the use of food resources of wild populations of the aoudad Ammotragus lervia and the Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica, both in sympatric and allopatric conditions. The study was carried out in the southeastern mountains of the Iberian Peninsula, in the Murcia region. Our results show that the aoudad preferentially behaves as a grazer herbivore, the herbaceous component being present in its diet by 57%. The ibex, on the contrary, shows a 63% preference for shrubs. When in sympatry, the ibex shows a comparatively higher incidence on the herbaceous stratum. In summer, the aoudad's consumption of woody species increases. The differences observed in the feeding behavior of ibexes and aoudads most probably make their joint presence in the study mountainous ecosystems compatible, provided sufficient resources are available. Ecological implications and management proposals are discussed in the context of alien species management.},
}
@article {pmid41007426,
year = {2025},
author = {Cosentino, C and Caruso, A},
title = {The Progressive Colonization of the Invasive Species Amphistegina lobifera on Pantelleria Island (Central Mediterranean, Sicily Channel).},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007426},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {FFR 2024 (Fondo Finalizzato Ricerca di Ateneo, UNIPA)//University of Palermo/ ; PRJ 0686//Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV/ ; },
abstract = {Amphistegina lobifera, a symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera native to the Indo-Pacific, is expanding its distribution range in the Mediterranean Sea due to ysian migration through the Suez Canal. This study investigates the colonization dynamics and ecological impact of A. lobifera on Pantelleria Island, which is located in the Central Mediterranean. Nine samples were collected from various substrates at different depths (-4 to -20 m) and analysed for composition, abundance, and ecological diversity. Results reveal a significant dominance of A. lobifera, especially in shallow unvegetated substrates, with relative abundances exceeding 50%. Conversely, more vegetated substrates host more diverse and balanced assemblages. Diversity indices are consistently lower where A. lobifera is dominant, indicating reduced biodiversity. Comparison with similar studies in Malta, Linosa, and Corfu confirms a 20% relative abundance threshold for A. lobifera as indicative of potential ecological imbalance. The results suggest that it represents a growing threat to native microbenthic biodiversity and reinforce its usefulness as a bioindicator species. Pantelleria represents a key transition zone for monitoring the dynamics of invasive species in the Mediterranean, and this study highlights the urgent need for long-term surveillance of benthic biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid41007408,
year = {2025},
author = {Saensouk, P and Saensouk, S and Boonma, T and Zhang, Y and Lv, L and Jitpromma, T},
title = {Ethnobotanical Heritage of Edible Plants Species in Mueang District, Yasothon Province, Northeastern Thailand.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007408},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {No Grant Number//Mahasarakham University/ ; },
abstract = {Traditional knowledge of edible plants is essential for food security, nutrition, and cultural identity in rural communities, yet many regions, including Mueang District, Yasothon Province (MY), remain underexplored in ethnobotanical studies. The lack of systematic documentation of local plant diversity and uses in MY presents a significant gap in understanding how these resources contribute to the sustainability of local food systems. This study addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive ethnobotanical survey of edible plants in Mueang District, Northeastern Thailand. Documenting 170 species across 60 families, the study reveals a rich plant diversity reflecting a dynamic interplay of native and introduced species, as well as cultivated and wild-harvested resources that sustain local food security, nutrition, and cultural traditions. Fabaceae emerged as the most species-rich family, while staple cereals such as Oryza sativa L. and Zea mays L. dominate use-value rankings. Quantitative indices, including Species Use Value (SUV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI), and Fidelity Level (%FL), elucidate nuanced patterns of plant utilization, highlighting multifunctional species that bridge food and medicine. High cultural consensus on key medicinal plants underscores the deep integration of traditional healthcare within local food systems. The diversity of edible plant uses-from beverages and condiments to medicinal foods-illustrates adaptive strategies that enhance dietary diversity and ecological resilience. These findings contribute to the understanding of biocultural diversity and underscore the importance of conserving both plant biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to promote sustainable, locally adapted food systems. The study also identifies priority species for future pharmacological and agronomic research to support climate-resilient food sovereignty.},
}
@article {pmid41007336,
year = {2025},
author = {Ali, G and Abbas, S and Nagai, S and Mohd Arshad, N and Bhassu, S},
title = {Threats of Climate Change to Freshwater Ecosystems in Pakistan: eDNA Monitoring Will Be the Next-Generation Tool Used in Biodiversity, Conservation, and Management.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007336},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {GA006-2021//Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment/ ; },
abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems are a significant entity that govern the livelihood of people and are an important source of food, employment, and recreation. However, climate change is impacting freshwater ecosystems by altering their natural habitats. The purpose of this review is to highlight the vulnerability of freshwater fish to climate change. Climate change is invariably affecting natural ecosystems everywhere and in every part of the world, but these threats are more severe in Pakistan. Freshwater fish are important biotic drivers of freshwater ecosystems. Unfortunately, uncertain climate changes and anthropogenic activities have led to a decline in the diversity of these fishes. Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in seasonal patterns, disturbances in the natural flow of rivers, pollution, and invasive species are major threats to native freshwater fish fauna, leading to a decline in fish diversity and population. Tor putitora, Glyptothorax kashmirensis, and Triplophysa kashmirensis are some of the species that are critically endangered in Pakistan due to these factors. In recent decades, insufficient attention has been paid to the freshwater ecosystem. This review of threats to the endemic fish species in this region is presented so that the government and policymakers can use this information as part of their management and conservation policy, thus safeguarding Pakistan's fish industry. Environmental DNA (eDNA) biomonitoring is a new technique for assessing biodiversity and species distribution and can be useful for conserving biodiversity in this region. Another purpose of this review is to introduce this new conservation strategy to Pakistan.},
}
@article {pmid41007274,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, R and Gao, Y and Wang, R and Liu, S and Yang, Q and Li, Y and Lin, L},
title = {Analyzing Possible Shifts in the Climatic Niche of Pomacea canaliculata Between Native and Chinese Ranges.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007274},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2022YFC2601303//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {The impact of invasive alien species (IAS) is one of the direct factors causing global biodiversity decline and economic losses, and predicting the potential invasion risks of invasive species is crucial for developing prevention and control strategies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that invasive species undergo rapid shifts in climate niche in invaded areas. Accurately quantifying the dynamic shifts in the climate niche of invasive species in invaded areas is crucial for developing a more accurate framework for early warning of invasive species risks. Pomacea canaliculata is a freshwater snail found in South America and has become one of the most aggressive aquatic species in the world. Since its introduction to China in 1981, it has rapidly spread and caused multiple serious damages to agriculture, ecology, and public health. Therefore, based on multi-source distribution data of P. canaliculata, this study calculated the climate niche overlap by Schoener' s D, quantified the niche shifts between the P. canaliculata in native and invaded areas (China) via the COUE scheme (a unified terminology representing niche centroid shift, overlap, unfilling, and expansion), and analyzed their changes on a time scale. The results revealed that there have been significant climate niche shifts (Schoener's D < 0.2, niche similarity tests p > 0.01, niche equivalence tests p < 0.01) between the native and invaded areas (China) of P. canaliculata, which does not support the climate niche conservation hypothesis. The minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio 6) and precipitation seasonality (Bio 15) were the key climate variables driving the climatic niche shift, and P. canaliculata can survive in colder and more arid regions than their native counterparts. The changes in the niche shifts in P. canaliculata on a time scale show significant temporal heterogeneity, and its invasion behavior in China presents a discontinuous and phased expansion pattern, with strong adaptability to new environments. The results are of great significance for the future development of more accurate ecological niche model (ENM), the formulation of more targeted prevention and control strategies, and the study of adaptive evolution mechanisms of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid41006908,
year = {2025},
author = {Petrovskiy, AB and Pelgunova, LA and Ksenofontov, DA and Tyshchenko, AM and Reshetnikov, AN},
title = {Macro- and microelement composition of muscles of the invasive fish rotan Perccottus glenii (Odontobutidae): assessment of pollution in metropolitan water bodies.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {10},
pages = {1153},
pmid = {41006908},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {1022040700480-0-1.6.15//State assignment/ ; project # 2-SG/24//Grant by the Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection of Moscow/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism/analysis ; *Muscles/chemistry/metabolism ; *Trace Elements/metabolism/analysis ; Russia ; Introduced Species ; Cities ; },
abstract = {Urban water bodies are at high risk of anthropogenic pollution. The content of 5 macroelements (P, S, Cl, K, and Ca) and 17 microelements (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Cd, Sn, Ba, Pb, and Hg) in the muscle tissue of the invasive fish rotan (Perccottus glenii) from 10 water bodies located in different districts of Moscow (Russia) was studied. In general, the level of elements content in the muscle tissue of rotan did not depend on the location of the water body: residential areas, areas near major roadways, or specially protected green areas. Correlations of the content of individual chemical elements with the sex and size of fish were revealed, as well as correlations of concentrations of individual elements among themselves. Concentrations of trace elements, regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation (Pb, As, Cd, and Hg), as well as those recommended for monitoring (Cu, Zn), do not exceed permissible values, which indicates a relatively favorable condition of the studied water bodies in terms of pollution by chemical elements.},
}
@article {pmid41006768,
year = {2025},
author = {Kucherov, NB and Hefley, T and Kim, TN},
title = {Climate and human-modified landscapes influence spread of invasive agricultural pest Popillia japonica Newman in American Midwest and Great Plains.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33013},
pmid = {41006768},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Agriculture ; *Climate ; Humans ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Midwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; },
abstract = {Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is an invasive agricultural pest throughout the eastern United States and its distribution is expanding westward. Understanding how climate and land use intensification interact to affect Japanese beetle population dynamics and spread is essential to predict which areas are vulnerable to increased pest pressure. In this study, we combine data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) with data from local state agricultural agencies and University extension offices to model how land cover and climate affect Japanese beetle occurrences at the leading edge of an invasion front in the central United States over 5 years. We found that beetle occurrences were positively correlated with proportion of developed areas, proportion of corn and soybean, minimum temperature, and precipitation within counties, and negatively correlated with the proportion of grassland and pasture, and maximum temperature. We modeled Japanese beetle occurrences in the near future and for future climate scenarios and found high probability of occurrence for Japanese beetles across the entire region. Our study highlights the importance of supplementing community science data in rural areas and including a time variable when assessing habitat associations for invasive species in novel areas.},
}
@article {pmid41006581,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, LH and Zou, J and Jiang, YT and Lu, L and Jiang, K and Zhang, KJ and Liu, WC and Xiang, WM and Wang, G and Segar, ST and van Noort, S and Li, YY and Zhang, YY and Chen, XY and Compton, SG and Wang, R},
title = {Demography and adaptation of a species specific pollinator associated with an invasive fig tree.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1363},
pmid = {41006581},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {32071667 and 32261123001//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {*Pollination ; Animals ; *Ficus/parasitology/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Wasps/physiology/genetics ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Some fig species introduced outside of their native range have become invasive when colonized by their obligate pollinating wasps, but how these pollinators migrated and adapted to novel environments are less studied. Here, we focus on Eupristina verticillata, the obligate pollinating wasp of an invasive fig tree species (Ficus microcarpa), to uncover its demography and the molecular basis for adaptations to novel environments. We find that only one of the three cryptic species colonized in the sampling locations outside of its native range. This dominant cryptic species migrated simultaneously from the native range to the Americas and to the Mediterranean c. 130 years ago. Moreover, selective sweep analyses reveal several positively selected genes associated with adaptations to the nonnative range. Genome-wide association detect a nonsynonymous substitution in a dopamine N-acetyltransferase gene significantly linked with brood size. Our study outlines the route to colonization and genetic adaptations of an invasive mutualism.},
}
@article {pmid41004490,
year = {2025},
author = {Rosario, CA and Otis, GW and Miller, RH and Groover-Landis, AA and Stanley, ES and Mattila, HR},
title = {Predatory behavior, nesting habits, and impacts on honey bees (Apis mellifera) of an invasive hornet (Vespa tropica) on the island of Guam.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0332986},
pmid = {41004490},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/physiology ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Nesting Behavior/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Islands ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Hornets (genus Vespa) are a conspicuous taxon of large eusocial wasps that are predators of other insects. Increasingly, hornets are gaining notoriety as damaging invaders after repeated introductions into novel habitats. Most hornets are highly effective predators, so they have the potential to greatly impact local entomofauna, including economically important pollinators. In 2016, Vespa tropica, a hornet with a broad natural range throughout subtropical and tropical Asia, was detected on Guam, although few details have been published since the initial alert. We provide the first comprehensive update on the status and impact of V. tropica hornets on Guam based on nine years of beekeeper and public reports, as well as field collections of nests, hornets, and videos of hunting behavior in managed apiaries. We show that the population of non-native V. tropica is established and thriving on Guam. Nests were found in a diversity of sites: below and above ground, sheltered and exposed, and in urban and greenspaces. V. tropica was a year-round predator in apiaries, with up to 12% of colony losses per year attributed to hornet attacks. Notably, hornets often attacked single honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in groups, similar to the hunting strategy of their close relatives, the giant hornets Vespa mandarinia and Vespa soror. Hornets killed defending workers, eventually weakening colonies and entering hives to consume bee brood. Bees mounted defenses that included alarm piping, bee 'carpets', and attempts to ball hornets. Hornets were active all year, but were significantly more active during the wet season (July‒December). Preliminary analysis of color forms suggested that the source of V. tropica on Guam is likely continental southeast Asia, although genetic analyses are required. Our study reveals that Guam is facing a fierce invader in V. tropica, which is placing strong predatory pressure on pre-established honey bees.},
}
@article {pmid41004395,
year = {2025},
author = {Thia, JA and Hunt, BJ and Wang, S and Troczka, BJ and Chirgwin, E and Brown, CJ and Sakamoto, R and Stelmach, M and Richardson, K and Arinanto, LS and Dorai, APS and Joglekar, C and Yang, Q and Babineau, M and Bass, C and Umina, PA and Hoffmann, AA},
title = {Spread of a Single Superclone Drives Insecticide Resistance in Acyrthosiphon kondoi Across an Invasive Range.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {42},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41004395},
issn = {1537-1719},
support = {//University of Melbourne's "Early Carer Researcher Global Collaborations Award"/ ; UOM1906-002RTX//Grains Research and Development Corporation/ ; UOM2404-006RT//Grains Research and Development Corporation/ ; ST23002//Hort Innovation/ ; //Australian Grain and Horticulture Pest Innovation Program/ ; //University of Melbourne and Cesar Australia/ ; //AgriFutures Australia/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; *Aphids/genetics/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Esterases/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Genome, Insect ; },
abstract = {Populations under similar selection pressures may adapt via parallel evolution or dispersal of advantageous alleles. Here, we investigated insecticide resistance in the invasive blue-green aphid, Acyrthosiphon kondoi, which reproduces clonally in Australia and has rapidly developed resistance across geographic locations. Using genomic, transcriptomic, and experimental approaches, we explored the evolutionary origins and molecular mechanisms of resistance. We developed the first nuclear genome assembly for A. kondoi (443.8 Mb, 28,405 annotated genes, BUSCO score 97.5%) and a partial mitochondrial assembly (11,598 bp). All resistant strains shared a common ancestor, supporting the spread of a resistant "superclone" lineage that is distinct from susceptible strains. Resistance was associated with over-expression of an esterase gene that was homologous to E4/FE4 esterases that are linked to resistance in other aphid pests. Functional experiments in Drosophila melanogaster confirmed a causal role of this E4-like esterase in resistance to organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. These findings highlight how clonal dispersal and insecticide overuse can transform local adaptation into a widespread pest management issue. Our results suggest a parallel macroevolutionary response to insecticide selection in A. kondoi and other aphid species at the gene family level, but with a distinct regulatory mechanism in A. kondoi. Given the rapid spread of the resistant superclone, alternative management strategies, including expanded chemical control options and enhanced biological control, are urgently needed to mitigate this growing pest problem.},
}
@article {pmid41003511,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, F and Kim, J and Costa, OS and Liang, S and Lee, J},
title = {Potential Linkage Between Zebra Mussel Establishment, Cyanobacterial Community Composition, and Microcystin Levels in United States Lakes.},
journal = {Toxins},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41003511},
issn = {2072-6651},
mesh = {Animals ; *Microcystins/analysis ; *Cyanobacteria/growth &amp; development ; *Lakes/microbiology/chemistry ; *Dreissena ; United States ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Zebra mussel invasion of North American lakes during the last century may play an important role in the occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. However, empirical evidence quantifying their influence on cyanobacterial community dynamics at broad spatial scales remains limited. Here, we analyzed data from the U.S. EPA National Lakes Assessment (>1000 lakes) to examine potential linkages among zebra mussels, cyanobacterial community composition, and cyanotoxin levels. The analysis results showed significant differences in cyanobacterial communities between lakes located in areas with and without established zebra mussel populations. The lakes with established zebra mussels exhibited significantly higher microcystin levels and cyanobacterial abundance, but lower phosphorus concentrations. Structural equation modeling was used to confirm and estimate the effect of zebra mussels on microcystin concentrations via different pathways. The results suggest three potential pathways whereby zebra mussels influence microcystin production: (1) altering phosphorus concentration; (2) increasing cyanobacterial abundance; and (3) shifting cyanobacteria community structure. The total effect of zebra mussel establishment resulted in an overall 1.40-fold net increase in microcystin level, which presumably resulted from three contributing factors: (1) a 1.06-fold increase through an increased cyanobacterial abundance; (2) a 1.53-fold increase through a selective force, resulting in increased cyanobacteria toxicity; and (3) a 0.86-fold decrease in microcystin level through total phosphorus decrease. The study highlights the potential role of zebra mussel invasion in altering cyanobacterial composition and influencing microcystin levels in U.S. lakes.},
}
@article {pmid41003336,
year = {2025},
author = {Gourari, K and Mabrouki, Y and Taybi, AF and Essadek, A and Tanduo, V and Crocetta, F and Rahhou, I and Belbachir, C and Rizzo, L and Legssyer, B},
title = {Meat Nutritional Value and Exoskeleton Valorisation of Callinectes sapidus from Three Sites of Biological and Ecological Interest in Morocco: Scientific Insights Toward a Management Strategy in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Marine drugs},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41003336},
issn = {1660-3397},
support = {Laboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnologies and the Environment, Mohamed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco, and the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Bioresources, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah Unive//Laboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnologies and the Environment, Mohamed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco, and the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Bioresources, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah Unive/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Morocco ; *Nutritive Value ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Brachyura/chemistry ; *Meat/analysis ; *Animal Shells/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide. The American blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, among the Mediterranean's most damaging invaders, takes up the challenge to transform this threat into gain. To turn its impact into economic value and guide control efforts, we analysed separately the meat composition and exoskeleton biopolymers of adult crabs from three Moroccan protected Sites of Biological and Ecological Interest: Marchica Lagoon (S1), Moulouya Estuary (S2), and Al Hoceima National Park (S3). Marchica specimens exhibited the highest protein content (21.87 ± 1.15 g 100 g[-1], p < 0.001) and an elevated lipid fraction, yielding nutrient-dense meat suitable for premium markets. Moulouya crabs were noted for their taste potential, with a higher concentration of fat (1.73 ± 0.09%) and carbohydrates (0.91 ± 0.1%). Al Hoceima individuals displayed markedly mineralised exoskeletons producing lean and low-fat meat, valued in dietary applications. Exoskeleton organic-to-mineral (OM/MM) ratios and proximate composition revealed three adaptive profiles, opportunistic (S1), acclimatory (S2), and conservative (S3), presumably correlated to local salinity, productivity, and substrate conditions, underscoring the species' phenotypic plasticity. X-ray diffraction confirmed the α-chitin polymorph, while FTIR analysis indicated degrees of deacetylation consistent with high-purity chitosan. These findings support the development of a site-specific circular economy framework and may contribute to the ecological resilience of Morocco's protected coastal areas.},
}
@article {pmid41003321,
year = {2025},
author = {García-Cervantes, AM and Prates, JAM and Guil-Guerrero, JL},
title = {Overview of Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Rugulopteryx okamurae Seaweed: Assessing Bioactivity, Scalability, and Molecular Mechanisms.},
journal = {Marine drugs},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41003321},
issn = {1660-3397},
support = {UIDB/00276/2020 to CIISA//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia grants (Lisbon, Portugal)/ ; AL4AnimalS//LA/P/0059/2020/ ; },
mesh = {*Phaeophyceae/metabolism/chemistry ; *Seaweed/metabolism/chemistry ; Animals ; Humans ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology/chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Antioxidants/pharmacology/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Rugulopteryx okamurae is an invasive brown alga that has colonised Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic coastlines, posing significant ecological and economic challenges. Its biomass is rich in structurally diverse metabolites-including polysaccharides (alginate, fucoidan, laminaran), phlorotannins, diterpenoids, fatty acids, and peptides-many of which exhibit notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Comparative assessment of extraction yields, structural features, and bioactivity data highlights phlorotannins and diterpenoids as particularly promising, demonstrating low-micromolar potencies and favourable predicted interactions with key inflammatory and apoptotic targets. Algal polysaccharides exhibit various bioactivities but hold strong potential for scalable and sustainable industrial applications. Emerging compound classes such as fatty acids and peptides display niche bioactivities; however, their structural diversity and mechanisms of action remain insufficiently explored. Insights from in vitro and in silico studies suggest that phlorotannins may modulate NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, while diterpenoids are implicated in the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. Despite these findings, inconsistent extraction methodologies and a lack of in vivo pharmacokinetic and efficacy data limit translational potential. To overcome these limitations, standardized extraction protocols, detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) and pharmacokinetic studies, and robust in vivo models are urgently needed. Bioactivity-guided valorisation strategies, aligned with ecological management, could transform R. okamurae biomass into a sustainable source for functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals applications.},
}
@article {pmid41003225,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, Y and Zhou, F and Chen, Q and He, L and Zang, Y and Wang, Z and Lin, C and Miao, W and Li, Z},
title = {Comparative Mitogenome Analysis of Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose of Rubber Trees Unveils Distinct Species Complex-Specific Evolution Trajectories Within the Genus.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41003225},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {323RC420//Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32460651//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZDYF2025XDNY094//Hainan ProvinceScience and Technology SpecialFund/ ; KRJC2023B14//Hainan Province Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project/ ; XTCX2022NYA01//Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High Efficiency Tropical Agriculture of Hainan University/ ; },
abstract = {Colletotrichum spp. are the causative agents of anthracnose of rubber trees, one of the most destructive diseases, resulting in substantial economic losses. To investigate the evolutionary characteristics of these pathogenic species, we first assembled the complete mitogenomes of four dominant pathogens, i.e., C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. wanningense and C. bannaense. Comparative analyses revealed that variations in their mitogenome size were primarily driven by intron expansion and expansion/contraction within the cox1, cob and nad genes. Moreover, we observed the strong conservation of gene content, mitochondrial DNA copy number, gene order and intron features within species complexes, but a clear divergence between them. Notably, further studies indicated that patterns such as genomic organization, selective pressures and codon usage were consistent across the genus, suggesting that Colletotrichum species complexes had followed distinct evolutionary trajectories, particularly in the arrangement of protein-coding genes. Therefore, this study systematically characterized the mitogenomes of the four major Colletotrichum species associated with rubber tree anthracnose and provided novel insights into the broad evolutionary mechanisms shaping Colletotrichum species complexes.},
}
@article {pmid41002041,
year = {2025},
author = {Clark, MB and Funk, AT and Paporakis, A and Brown, GP and Beach, SJ and Tay, A and Deering, S and Cooper, C and Tizard, M and Jolly, CJ and Ward-Fear, G and Waddle, AW and Shine, R and Maselko, M},
title = {Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of the Cane Toad (Rhinella marina).},
journal = {The CRISPR journal},
volume = {8},
number = {5},
pages = {321-332},
doi = {10.1177/25731599251382427},
pmid = {41002041},
issn = {2573-1602},
mesh = {Animals ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; *Gene Editing/methods ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/genetics ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; *Bufo marinus/genetics ; Albinism/genetics ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Invasive species inflict major ecological, economic, and cultural harm worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for innovative control strategies. Genome editing offers exciting possibilities for targeted control methods for invasive species. Here, we demonstrate CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in the cane toad (Rhinella marina), one of Australia's most notorious invasive species, by targeting the tyrosinase gene to produce albino phenotypes as visual markers for assessing editing efficiency. Microinjection of Cas9 protein and guide RNAs into one-cell zygotes resulted in 87.6% of mosaic larvae displaying nearly complete albinism, with 2.3% exhibiting complete albinism. For completely albino individuals, genomic analysis confirmed predominantly frameshift mutations or large deletions at the target site, with no wild-type alleles detected. Germline transmission rates reflected the extent of albinism in the mosaic adult, with maternal transmission approaching 100%. This first application of CRISPR-Cas9 in the Bufonidae family opens possibilities for exploring basic research questions and population control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid41001521,
year = {2025},
author = {Abel, L and Kahindi, S and Ekai, D and Kirwa, E and Lokwang, R and Amunga, M and Omollo, E and Kimachas, E and Cherono, M and Maraga, L and Menya, D and Obala, A and O'Meara, WP},
title = {What is the potential impact of insecticide treated nets in a semi-arid region of northern Kenya? An investigation of vector populations prior to ITN roll-out in Turkana, Kenya.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41001521},
issn = {2693-5015},
support = {R21 AI178576/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The malaria ecology of northern Kenya differs from the rest of the country. Transmission is highly seasonal and intense, despite the arid environment and low population density. The region faces several threats to malaria control including identification of significant P. vivax infection and an emerging invasive species, An. stephensi. Turkana County implemented its first mass bednet distribution in late 2024. Prior to this, we established a surveillance program to understand mosquito density, vector diversity, host preference and contribution to malaria transmission. We captured mosquitoes in rural and peri-urban areas, indoors and outdoots, over one year. Twenty-percent of female anophelines were captured outdoors but P. falciparum infection was higher in outdoor collections. An. coluzzi, a vector commonly found in West Africa, was the second most abundant species and had the highest P. falciparum infection rates. These data will be useful in predicting the impact of ITN distribution in this unique context.},
}
@article {pmid41001113,
year = {2025},
author = {Stadnicka-Futoma, A and Jaźwa, M and Kata, K and Klichowska, E},
title = {Erechtites hieracifolia: an invasive plant species in peatland habitats of southeastern Poland (Central Europe).},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1615073},
pmid = {41001113},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Erechtites hieracifolia is an invasive plant species increasingly colonizing peatland plant communities in Central Europe. Invasive plant species are a growing global concern, as they colonize a wide range of habitats, contributing to biodiversity loss. Anthropogenic activity and climate change intensify this process. Mires are among the most vulnerable ecosystems, as lowering groundwater levels and habitat changes facilitate the penetration of invasive species. The aim of this study was to analyze the floristic composition of peatland plant communities with the presence of E. hieracifolia, including an assessment of potential differences between plots with and without the species. In addition, changes in population size over a 3-year period were evaluated, and new localities of E. hieracifolia in Poland were identified.<br><br>METHODS: In 2019, a total of 60 phytosociological relev&#xe9;s were taken in 12 peatland patches (six with the presence of E. hieracifolia and six without it). The study was repeated in 2022 on the same patches. A syntaxonomic classification of the plant communities was established. The PERMANOVA method was used to analyze differences in species composition between patches with and without E. hieracifolia. Biodiversity indices (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson) were also compared between these two groups.<br><br>RESULTS: E. hieracifolia most frequently occurred in raised bogs with low groundwater levels within the Sphagno recurvi-Eriophoretum vaginati association. Maximum species cover was recorded in patch 11 (25%). Within 3 years, the number of patches with E. hieracifolia increased from six to eight. In some of these patches, an increase in both the species cover and range was observed, indicating ongoing expansion. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in species composition between patches with and without the presence of E. hieracifolia. A clear association of the species with patches characterized by a more abundant occurrence of Eriophorum vaginatum tussocks was also observed. The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices showed slightly lower species diversity in communities with E. hieracifolia, suggesting that habitat changes associated with peatland drying favor its colonization.<br><br>DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that E. hieracifolia preferentially colonizes degraded habitats characterized by reduced biodiversity. These findings suggest that E. hieracifolia may act as an indicator of peatland degradation, with its expansion facilitated by hydrological changes. The study highlights the need for continuous monitoring of invasive species in peatland ecosystems, as their spread may further accelerate biodiversity loss in these vulnerable habitats.},
}
@article {pmid40999773,
year = {2025},
author = {Bean, MS and Trotter, RT and Ritger, R and Barrett, K and Pfister, SE and Coyle, DR},
title = {Distribution of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) damage in tree canopies: implications for survey efficacy.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1363-1374},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf095},
pmid = {40999773},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {AP21PPQS&amp;T00C002//Cooperative Agreements/ ; AP22PPQS&amp;T00C002//Cooperative Agreements/ ; //United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)/ ; AP21PPQS&amp;T00C002//Department of Agriculture's/ ; AP22PPQS&amp;T00C002//Department of Agriculture's/ ; //Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Trees ; Oviposition ; South Carolina ; *Animal Distribution ; Female ; Larva/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; Insect Control ; },
abstract = {Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky is an invasive woodboring beetle in North America and Europe that threatens a broad range of tree genera. Eradication is a costly and time-consuming process that requires visual surveys to detect beetle damage on host trees. Knowing the distribution of beetle damage within trees could directly benefit survey efforts by focusing surveys on high-risk areas and indirectly by identifying habitat factors that structure beetle populations. In the A. glabripennis infestation in South Carolina, we identified an isolated and actively growing subpopulation on an island that had not fully occupied the available host trees. With host resources still abundant for the beetle, the distribution of oviposition pits and exit holes is expected to be the result of habitat preference and (in the case of exit holes) larval performance. We examined the distribution of eggs and emerging adults by cataloging the >14,000 oviposition sites and >1,400 exit holes distributed among the 33 infested and uninfested host trees on the island, documenting the stem height, diameter, surface area, and bark thickness for all damage. Oviposition pits and exit holes were neither randomly nor evenly distributed within tree canopies; however, the distribution of available habitat (ie stem space within the canopy) seemed to drive most of the distribution, and the presence of damage was biased toward larger/taller trees. These results suggest some preference in egg placement with regard to canopy height, stem diameter, and bark thickness within canopies, but the responses are subtle and may have limited utility in guiding visual surveys.},
}
@article {pmid40997258,
year = {2025},
author = {Prati, S and Reyes Camargo, AC and Jamonneau, T and Halima, IB and Sures, B},
title = {Seasonal exchange of microsporidian parasites between native and non-native pet-traded freshwater crustaceans: Is parasite spillover favored over spillback?.},
journal = {Parasite (Paris, France)},
volume = {32},
number = {},
pages = {61},
pmid = {40997258},
issn = {1776-1042},
support = {426547801//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Seasons ; *Microsporidia/isolation &amp; purification/physiology/classification ; France ; Fresh Water ; *Introduced Species ; *Decapoda/microbiology/parasitology ; Ecosystem ; Pets/parasitology ; *Crustacea/microbiology/parasitology ; Rivers ; *Microsporidiosis/epidemiology/veterinary/transmission ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The introduction of non-native pet-traded species poses potential threats to global biodiversity, particularly in freshwater ecosystems. This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of microsporidian infections in an established feral population of cherry shrimp (Neocaridina davidi) and the coexisting populations of crustaceans, comprising both native and non-native species, inhabiting the thermal waters of the Fontcaude Park and the nearby Mosson River in southern France. Our aim was to assess the potential occurrence of spillover and/or spillback events between N. davidi and co-occurring crustaceans, as well as the influence of seasonal dynamics on these interactions. The prevalence and diversity of microsporidian parasites exhibited strong seasonal variations. Although parasites associated with the pet trade were not detected, we highlight the acquisition of native parasites by feral N. davidi, which seems to be a suitable alternative host for native host-generalist microsporidians. Our findings indicate that all prerogatives for spillback events to occur are met. Feral N. davidi may establish and survive year-round in European rivers with natural thermal regimes. Thus, human-mediated introductions can potentially alter parasite transmission dynamics in these ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40996792,
year = {2025},
author = {Pelosi, JA and Davenport, R and Kuo, LY and Gray, LN and Dant, AJ and Kim, EH and Li, FW and Dlugosch, KM and Krabbenhoft, TJ and Barbazuk, WB and Sessa, EB},
title = {The genome of the vining fern Lygodium microphyllum highlights genomic and functional differences between life phases of an invasive plant.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {39},
pages = {e2504773122},
pmid = {40996792},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {2024-67012-43394//USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/ ; #1754911/2310485//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; #2024-67011-43011//USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/ ; #2023-67013-40169//USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/ ; },
mesh = {*Genome, Plant ; *Ferns/genetics/growth &amp; development ; Germ Cells, Plant/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcriptome ; DNA Methylation ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {Functional and genomic studies on the differences between the gametophyte and sporophyte life phases of plants remain scarce, yet unraveling these dynamics is crucial to understanding the biology of plants and the success of each phase under different conditions. Here, we provide a reference genome for the highly invasive fern Lygodium microphyllum and compare the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of its gametophyte and sporophyte life phases. Under ambient conditions, we found differential regulation and splicing of developmental genes (homeobox and MADS-box clades) may play a role in the genomic determination of the haploid and diploid life stages. We generated a base pair-resolution methylome of a fern gametophyte, and determined that methylation patterns are remarkably similar between vegetative tissues despite their morphological and functional differences. We further explored the physiological and transcriptomic responses of gametophytes and sporophytes to freezing stress, the most likely abiotic factor limiting further range expansion of this invasive species. While controlled by the same genome, we show that life phases and tissues use alternative molecular pathways in response to freezing and greater physiological resilience in the gametophyte life stage to this stressor. Our results underscore the need to incorporate both life phases when developing effective mitigation strategies, as differential responses to environmental stressors between phases reveal opportunities for management approaches (e.g., targeting gametophytes in addition to sporophytes). These genomic resources fill a gap in our understanding of fundamental plant biology and inform invasive species research.},
}
@article {pmid40993390,
year = {2025},
author = {Rumschlag, SL and Gallagher, B and Hill, R and Schäfer, RB and Schmidt, TS and Woods, T and Kopp, D and Dumelle, M and Rohr, JR and De Laender, F and Hoffman, J and Behrens, J and Lepak, R and Jones, DK and Mahon, MB},
title = {Diverging fish biodiversity trends in cold and warm rivers and streams.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {647},
number = {8090},
pages = {656-662},
pmid = {40993390},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; Cold Temperature ; *Fishes/classification/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Rivers ; Seasons ; Temperature ; United States ; },
abstract = {Worldwide, freshwater systems contain more than 18,000 fish species[1-3], which are critical to the functioning of these ecosystems[4] and are vital cultural and economic resources to humans[5-7]; despite this value, fish biodiversity is at risk globally[8,9]. In the USA, leading threats to fish communities in rivers and streams include climate change and invasive fish introductions and game fish stocking by humans[10-14]. Here we harmonized US federal biomonitoring datasets with 389 species spanning 27 years (1993-2019) and 2,992 sites to analyse trends in fish biodiversity. In cold streams (past summer stream temperatures below 15.4 °C), fish abundance and richness declined by 53.4% and 32% over 27 years, respectively, and uniqueness increased. Periodic (large-bodied, late-maturing) fishes increased, and opportunists (small-bodied, short generation time, 'r-selected') decreased, possibly due to proliferation of native or introduced game fishes. In warm streams (stream temperatures greater than 23.8 °C), fish abundance and richness increased by 70.5% and 15.6% over 27 years, respectively, and communities homogenized. Small opportunistic fishes replaced large periodic fishes. Intermediate streams (stream temperatures 15.4-23.8 °C), representing the average stream, had minimal changes in fish biodiversity through time. Interactions between warming and introduced fish were associated with increased rates of degradation to local fish biodiversity. Given the magnitude of these changes in a relatively short time span, there is an urgent need to curb degradation of fish biodiversity caused by fish introductions and warming water temperatures.},
}
@article {pmid40993198,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, X and Lei, Q and Liang, C and Wang, J and Jiang, H},
title = {A case study on the γ-octalactone induced expression of Obp83g-2 in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) revealed the transcriptional regulation of insect odorant binding protein.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1355},
pmid = {40993198},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; *Receptors, Odorant/genetics/metabolism ; *Tephritidae/genetics/metabolism/drug effects ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Lactones/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; },
abstract = {As crucial components of the insect olfactory system, odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are involved in detecting environmental chemical cues. Expression alterations of OBPs induced by odorants are conserved in many species. It presents an intriguing initial screening tool when searching for novel OBP-odorant interaction. However, the transcriptional regulation mechanism that causes this expression alteration of OBPs still remains unclear. Here, we reported a case study on the transcriptional regulation of OBP in an invasive species, Bactrocera dorsalis, upon γ-octalactone (a host volatile that strongly attracts its females to lay eggs) induction. We identified OBP83g-2 as a key OBP was involved in γ-octalactone perception through in vitro and in vivo functional assay. In addition, we found transcription factor ADF-1-like positively regulated the expression of Obp83g-2 upon γ-octalactone induction through expression pattern analysis, dual-luciferase reporter system, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and RNAi. Based on this, we proposed a model for the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of OBP gene in B. dorsalis. Our data not only highlights the significant role of OBP83g-2 in γ-octalactone mediated oviposition behavior, but also provides a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the transcriptional regulation of OBPs triggered by external odorants in insects.},
}
@article {pmid40992420,
year = {2025},
author = {Clifton, EH and van Nouhuys, SD and Harris, DC and Hajek, AE},
title = {Epizootiology of infections by Batkoa major (Entomophthorales: Batkoaceae) and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in spotted lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) populations.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1261-1270},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf091},
pmid = {40992420},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {NIFA 2019-51181-30014//USDA/ ; //USDA/ ; 2019-51181-30014//NIFA/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Beauveria/physiology ; *Hemiptera/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Entomophthorales/physiology ; Pennsylvania ; },
abstract = {The planthopper Lycorma delicatula (White) (spotted lanternfly; SLF) was introduced to North America from Asia. It was first found in southeastern Pennsylvania in 2014 and now, a decade later, has increased in abundance and spread into 18 eastern US states. To study naturally occurring fungal pathogens infecting SLF, eastern Pennsylvania sites were sampled every 1 to 2 wk in 2020 and 2021 during the adult life stage of L. delicatula to detect prevalence of infections by the fungi Batkoa major (Thaxt.) Humber (Entomophthorales: Batkoaceae) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). To sample, living adult SLF were collected and reared and cause of death was diagnosed. In 2020, at the site hosting a co-epizootic of these 2 generalist pathogens in 2018, an epizootic caused by B. major was documented from 30 September to 21 October. Low levels of infection by both pathogens were detected at an additional 2020 site and both 2021 sites. Overall, there was a negative association of B. major infection with SLF density and no association with density for B. bassiana. Co-infections in individual SLF by both fungi were never documented, and there was an inverse relationship between prevalence of B. major and B. bassiana infections in the sampled populations. At the time that SLF for rearing were sampled, adult cadavers were also sampled. For B. major, infection rates of sampled cadavers and reared individuals were positively correlated, but higher infection rates were observed in cadavers than among reared SLF. For B. bassiana, no such pattern occurred.},
}
@article {pmid40991553,
year = {2025},
author = {Gim, JS and Hong, D and Kim, DK and Lineman, MJM and Jeong, KS and Lee, JY and Joo, GJ and Jo, H},
title = {Changes in prey selection and fitness of non-native Erythroculter erythropterus following estuarine restoration in the Nakdong River, South Korea.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0328372},
pmid = {40991553},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Republic of Korea ; *Estuaries ; Rivers ; *Cyprinidae/physiology ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Zooplankton ; Biodiversity ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Estuarine ecosystems globally are being restored through re-naturalization efforts, including the Nakdong River Estuary (NRE) in South Korea, which partially re-opened in 2019 after decades of disconnection. We investigated how this restoration affected the feeding ecology and fitness of Erythroculter erythropterus (Skygager), a non-native cyprinid that became dominant in the upper NRE following barrage construction. We surveyed fish populations, analyzed stomach contents using Next Generation Sequencing, and assessed morphological changes from May 2018 to June 2022. Following NRE opening, zooplankton and fish diversity indices increased, while phytoplankton and benthic invertebrate diversity decreased. E. erythropterus showed altered prey selection patterns, shifting from diverse prey items to predominantly zooplankton after NRE opening, coinciding with altered vertical migration patterns of plankton communities. While length distribution did not change significantly, the condition factor K decreased significantly, indicating reduced fitness. Body shape parameters also shifted toward more elongated forms, suggesting morphological responses to changed hydraulic conditions and feeding ecology. Our findings demonstrate that controlled estuarine reconnection can affect non-native species through cascading trophic effects, potentially serving both restoration and non-native species management objectives. This study highlights the complex ecological consequences of partial estuarine restoration and the importance of considering multiple trophic levels when evaluating restoration outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid40991032,
year = {2025},
author = {Lou, Y and Tao, W and Wang, ZA},
title = {Effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition I: ODE models.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {47},
pmid = {40991032},
issn = {1432-1416},
support = {12261160366 and 12250710674//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; PolyU509/22//University Grants Committee/ ; 12201082//Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Competitive Behavior ; Food Chain ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Mathematical Concepts ; },
abstract = {Predator-mediated apparent competition is an indirect negative interaction between two prey species mediated by a shared predator, which can lead to changes in population dynamics, competition outcomes and community structures. This paper is devoted to investigating the effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition based on a two prey species (one is native and the other is invasive) and one predator model with Holling type I and II functional responses. Through the analytical results and case studies alongside numerical simulations, we find that the initial mass of the invasive prey species, capture rates of prey species, and the predator mortality rate are all important factors determining the success/failure of invasions and the species coexistence/extinction. The global dynamics can be completely classified for the Holling type I functional response, but can only be partially determined for the Holling type II functional response. For the Holling type I functional response, we find that whether the invasive prey species can successfully invade to induce the predator-mediated apparent competition is entirely determined by the capture rates of prey species. For the Holling type II functional response, the dynamics are more complicated. First, if two prey species have the same ecological characteristics, then the initial mass of the invasive prey species is the key factor determining the success/failure of the invasion and hence the effect of the predator-mediated apparent competition. Whereas if two prey species have different ecological characteristics, say different capture rates, then the success of the invasion no longer depends on the initial mass of the invasive prey species, but on the capture rates. In all cases, if the invasion succeeds, then the predator-mediated apparent competition's effectiveness essentially depends on the predator mortality rate. Precisely we show that the native prey species will die out (resp. persist) if the predator has a low (resp. moderate) mortality rate, while the predator will go extinct if it has a large mortality rate. Our study reveals that predator-mediated apparent competition is a complicated ecological process, and its effects and biological consequences depend upon many possible factors.},
}
@article {pmid40989950,
year = {2025},
author = {Mariacher, A and Di Nicola, MR and Senese, M and Mariottini, F and Maestrini, M and Bellagamba, F and Donnini, C and Capecci, A and Salomoni, A and Varotto, M and Terregino, C and Cersini, A and Scicluna, MT},
title = {Detection of avian influenza virus in the alien invasive African sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) in Italy.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1661089},
pmid = {40989950},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {The African sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus), a non-native bird species in Europe, has rapidly expanded its range in Italy, prompting the adoption of national control measures due to ecological and epidemiological concerns. As part of this management plan, 20 ibises were culled in February 2025 in Tuscany (Central Italy), and tested for pathogens relevant to wildlife and public health. RT-PCR and molecular analyses on tracheal and cloacal swabs, revealed the presence of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtype H5N2 in 1 out of 20 specimens. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus was closely related to recent European LPAIV strains, with the PA gene segment clustered with Asian and Russian isolates from 2021-2022. Two mammalian adaptation markers (S155N and T156A) were identified in the HA protein. Although the detected strain poses minimal zoonotic risk, its presence in a highly adaptable invasive species, raises concerns about the potential role of T. aethiopicus as a bridge host in avian influenza transmission cycles. Given the increasing overlap between this species and poultry farming areas, and its scavenging behavior, continued surveillance is essential to assess its epidemiological role. Targeted control actions may be crucial in preventing the establishment of novel wildlife reservoirs and limiting viral evolution towards highly pathogenic forms. Surveillance of alien invasive species should be integrated into broader avian influenza monitoring strategies to protect public health and agricultural biosecurity.},
}
@article {pmid40988878,
year = {2025},
author = {Hoddle, MS and Hoddle, CD and Milosavljević, I and Estrada-Venegas, EG and Equihua-Martínez, A},
title = {Does larval diet prior to Hass avocado seed consumption and seed size impact the fitness of adult Heilipus lauri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)?.},
journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {429-438},
pmid = {40988878},
issn = {0013-8746},
abstract = {Heilipus lauri Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a specialist avocado seed feeder and a pest of economic importance in native (México) and invaded (Colombia) regions. Despite being a well-recognized pest of avocados, relatively little is known about factors affecting the developmental biology of weevil larvae infesting fruit. Laboratory studies investigated the effects of 4 pre-seed diets, 0, 1, and 3 d of feeding on avocado pulp, and consumption of conspecific first instar larvae on adult weevil fitness (ie size). Following these pre-seed diets, larvae were artificially inoculated into pre-weighed Hass avocado seeds. The effects of pre-seed diet and the size (ie weight) of inoculated seeds were analyzed for effects on the estimated mean amount of avocado seed consumed by larvae to complete development, mean time to complete development and emerge as adult weevils, and the mean weight (ie size) of adult male and female weevils. Pre-seed diet and seed size had no significant effects on seed consumption, development times, and size of adult weevils. Avocado seed size, which greatly exceeds amounts consumed to complete larval-to-adult development, may explain, in part, these observed outcomes, including purported fitness benefits that arise from consumption of conspecifics by herbivorous insects. This is the first study to confirm cannibalism by first instar H. lauri.},
}
@article {pmid40988130,
year = {2025},
author = {LeFevre, G and Estes, D and Rehm, E},
title = {Better reproductive success of an invasive thistle than its native relative under pollinator exclusion.},
journal = {Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {1488-1496},
doi = {10.1111/plb.70106},
pmid = {40988130},
issn = {1438-8677},
support = {G21AC10149-03//U.S. Geological Survey/ ; //Austin Peay State University/ ; //Southeastern Grasslands Institute/ ; },
mesh = {*Pollination/physiology ; Animals ; Flowers/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Introduced Species ; Butterflies/physiology ; *Cirsium/physiology ; Bees/physiology ; Seeds/physiology ; Germination ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants often can self-pollinate and have higher reproductive outputs than native counterparts. Pollinator declines may exacerbate disparities in reproductive output by negatively impacting native plants more than invasives. To determine how pollinator availability affects reproductive success of two species (one native, one invasive), we conducted a pollinator exclusion experiment for two functionally similar species: the invasive musk thistle Carduus nutans and native field thistle Cirsium discolour. We manipulated pollinator access to flowers by partially or completely excluding pollinators and evaluated how pollinator visitation rates and community composition influenced reproductive success. Both thistle species received pollinators from all seven functional groups that we considered, but pollinator community composition differed by thistle species and treatment. Sweat bees and butterflies were important drivers in community differences between the Ca. nutans and the Ci. discolour flower heads. Complete pollinator exclusion resulted in a higher probability of total reproductive failure; 55% of total pollinator exclusion flowers failed while <7% failed in other treatments. When flower heads produced at least one viable achene, any level of pollinator exclusion resulted in lower seed output, but germination success did not differ from the control. Overall, Ca. nutans had higher reproductive success per flower head than native Ci. discolour in control and partial pollinator exclusion due to higher seed output rather than higher germination rates. While pollinator loss will be detrimental to reproduction of both species, our study provides evidence that reproductive losses in invasive Ca. nutans will be lower than the native Ci. discolour.},
}
@article {pmid40987414,
year = {2026},
author = {Sokolova, AS and Frolova, TV and Izvekov, EI and Izvekova, GI},
title = {Infection with trematodes Apophallus sp. affects the growth and activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the invasive gravel snail Lithoglyphus naticoides.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {108461},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108461},
pmid = {40987414},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Trematoda/physiology ; *Snails/enzymology/parasitology/growth &amp; development ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; },
abstract = {Currently, the alien freshwater gastropod Lithoglyphus naticoides is rapidly expanding its range and promoting the spread of parasitic trematodes Apophallus sp. These flatworms use the snail as intermediate host and may cause the dangerous black-spotted disease in fish juveniles. However, despite the obvious importance of knowing the physiological bases of this host-parasite interplay, studies in this area remain scanty. Therefore we focused on the size-weight and physiological parameters of L.naticoides and their changes in response to Apophallus infection. It was found that the shell height and total body weight significantly increase in the infected molluscs. In contrast, protease activities were significantly lower in infected than in naïve snails over a wide pH range. Inhibitor analysis showed the presence of serine-, cysteine- and metalloproteinase activity in L.naticoides. Trematode infection most strongly affected the serine proteinases, reducing their activity levels. At the same time, the infection did not cause a decrease in α-amylase activity in the gravel snails. Moreover, at certain pH values, α-amylase activity was significantly higher in parasitized than in non-parasitized specimens. These metabolic features may contribute to growth acceleration in parasitized hosts, thereby affecting their survival and spread, which eventually may have far-reaching consequences for the reservoir ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40987264,
year = {2025},
author = {Ricou-Dreneuc, S and Ah-Peng, C and Coudert, Y},
title = {Architectural shift to epiphytism fuels exotic bryophyte invasiveness.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {35},
number = {18},
pages = {R876-R877},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.07.068},
pmid = {40987264},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Bryophyta/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic activities reshape ecosystems globally, creating conditions that facilitate the establishment of alien species. Disruption of ecological balance enables alien species to become invasive - a property characterized by a species' capacity to spread and become dominant in its introduced range, outcompeting indigenous species, and leading to their displacement or extinction[1]. Beyond its biological relevance, understanding the mechanisms promoting invasiveness is crucial for predicting and mitigating ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Over 2,840 invasive vascular land plant species have been reported[2][,][3], whereas fewer than 100 bryophyte species have been documented as alien, with only a small fraction exhibiting invasive characteristics[4].},
}
@article {pmid40986536,
year = {2025},
author = {Gawrońska, B and Marszałek, M and Kosiński, P and Zeyland, J and Bednorz, L},
title = {Morphological differences in populations of Jacobaea erucifolia: Genetic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity or ecotypes?.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0332808},
pmid = {40986536},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Genetic Variation ; *Ecotype ; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; Poland ; Phenotype ; DNA, Chloroplast/genetics ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Accurate taxonomic classification is essential for effective conservation strategies, especially for rare and endangered species. Traditionally based on morphology, such classifications may be challenged by recent advances in molecular tools that reveal hidden genetic structure or lack thereof. Jacobaea erucifolia is a declining species in Poland, primarily threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation, and competition with invasive species. Although two subspecies-erucifolia and tenuifolia-have been identified in Poland based on leaf morphology and ecological preferences, the taxonomic status of these forms remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation within ten Polish populations of J. erucifolia and assess whether the observed morphological differences correspond to genetic divergence. Based on morphology, four populations were classified as subsp. erucifolia and six as subsp. tenuifolia. Reference populations of confirmed subspecies tenuifolia were included from Slovakia, Hungary, and the Netherlands. Genetic analyses were conducted using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), chloroplast DNA restriction fragments (RFLP), cpDNA, and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA sequences. The results revealed a high level of admixture and no significant genetic differentiation among Polish populations, regardless of their initial morphological classification. All Polish populations formed a single genetic group, distinct from foreign tenuifolia samples, although no diagnostic genetic markers were identified to separate these two groups (subspecies) of J. erucifolia definitively. Moreover, sequence data showed no differences among all analyzed individuals, further challenging the validity of subspecies differentiation. These findings suggest that the morphological variation observed within Polish populations likely reflects phenotypic plasticity rather than subspecies-level divergence. Consequently, subspecies tenuifolia does not appear to occur in Poland, and observed differences between Polish populations and those from neighboring countries may represent ecotypic variation. Our study underscores the necessity of integrating genetic and morphological data when resolving taxonomic ambiguities, especially in the context of conservation planning. Future research involving broader geographic sampling and deeper analysis of hybridization patterns will help clarify the evolutionary history and and population dynamics of J. erucifolia.},
}
@article {pmid40986155,
year = {2025},
author = {Feng, D and Cheng, J and Tian, Z and Yang, X and Lin, L and Zhang, H and Wang, Z and Qiang, S},
title = {A long-term common garden experiment reveals geocytotype-dependent succession of plant community invaded by Solidago canadensis.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {138},
number = {6},
pages = {1005-1016},
pmid = {40986155},
issn = {1618-0860},
support = {31870526//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; SBK2018042511//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Solidago/physiology/genetics ; Polyploidy ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien plants can act as "drivers", actively modifying plant community succession, or as "passengers", passively persisting without significantly affecting vegetation dynamics. Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) is considered a 'passenger' species, transiently dominating old-field communities in Europe, while research in Asia indicates that different geo-cytotypes of S. canadensis influence succession in a cytogeography-dependent manner, with introduced polyploids acting as drivers. However, whether these effects are temporary or long-lasting remains unclear, necessitating long-term observation. We conducted a 10-year common garden experiment to investigate the impact of different geo-cytotypes of S. canadensis on succession in old-field plant communities. Both diploid and native polyploid populations subjected to regular mowing, gradually disappeared, while herbaceous plant communities transitioned to woody communities by the fourth year. In contrast, introduced polyploid S. canadensis co-dominated alongside woody plants until the eighth year. By the tenth year, all communities, including those initially dominated by introduced polyploids, were primarily composed of woody species. While the geo-cytotype influenced the rate of succession, it did not alter its course. These findings suggest that, regardless of geo-cytotype, S. canadensis ultimately functions as a passenger in the long-term succession of invaded plant communities.},
}
@article {pmid40985727,
year = {2025},
author = {Moran, R and Leroux, SJ and Wiersma, YF and Whitaker, DM},
title = {Effects of forest disturbances and an introduced ungulate on carbon storage in boreal forests.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {e70092},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70092},
pmid = {40985727},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //Gros Morne National Park/ ; //Terra Nova National Park/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Deer/physiology ; *Carbon/metabolism/chemistry ; *Forests ; *Introduced Species ; Herbivory ; Taiga ; *Trees/physiology ; *Carbon Sequestration ; },
abstract = {Selective browsing by ungulates alters forest structure and composition, with research suggesting that these effects may be amplified in recently disturbed forests and in novel environments (i.e., introduced ungulates). Though the net effects of herbivory following disturbances on carbon storage in boreal forests are not well understood, they are likely important to inform climate-smart ecosystem management. We conducted observational and experimental (i.e., 24- to 27-year-old paired exclosure-control plots) field studies to determine the effects of non-native moose and common boreal forest disturbances (i.e., fires and insect outbreaks) on total, aboveground, and belowground carbon storage in Newfoundland, Canada. We measured carbon stocks at 46 plots in the field and used published allometric equations to estimate the carbon stored in trees, deadwood, woody shrubs, saplings, herbaceous plants, ground vegetation, and roots. We also collected samples of forest litter and organic soil layers for analysis of carbon content. We then fit a suite of generalized linear models to assess the effects of disturbances and moose herbivory on carbon storage. Using our observational data, we found that total carbon stored was highest in mature forests (198.18 ± 136.77 kg C/9 m[2]; mean ± SD), compared to insect-disturbed (57.47 ± 30.72 kg C/9 m[2]) and previously burned (42.57 ± 34.28 kg C/9 m[2]) areas. We found further evidence of this using our experimental data, as aboveground carbon storage was reduced in disturbed forests. Although, on average, exclosures stored more carbon (133.54 ± 134.69 kg C/9 m[2]; mean ± SD) than their paired controls (95.23 ± 66.94 kg C/9 m[2]), we did not detect a statistically significant effect of moose presence on carbon storage after 24-27 years of exclusion. We also did not find a relationship between moose density and carbon storage in our observational data. Overall, we demonstrated that forest disturbances are a key driver of carbon storage and that moose effects on carbon storage are highly variable across the landscape. We recommend that future research be done in areas having consistent ungulate management and long-term population data and that detailed plant community data be collected to better understand the roles of ungulate density and plant palatability on carbon storage.},
}
@article {pmid40985580,
year = {2025},
author = {Norman, PD and Garba, A and Obellianne, C and Hermance, ME},
title = {Co-feeding transmission of Heartland virus between the North American tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), and the invasive East Asian tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae).},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {62},
number = {6},
pages = {1530-1539},
pmid = {40985580},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {R01 AI171398/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI163693/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ixodidae/virology/physiology ; *Amblyomma/virology/physiology ; Mice ; Female ; Introduced Species ; Feeding Behavior ; *Reoviridae Infections/transmission ; *Arachnid Vectors/virology/physiology ; Nymph/virology/physiology ; Haemaphysalis longicornis ; Bunyaviridae ; },
abstract = {Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann is an invasive tick species from East Asia with a rapidly expanding geographic range in the United States. In a laboratory setting, H. longicornis has been shown to support transovarial transmission of Heartland virus (HRTV; genus Bandavirus), an emerging tick-borne pathogen responsible for human disease in the southern and midwestern United States. The native Amblyomma americanum (L.) is the primary known vector of HRTV, and field surveillance studies have documented co-feeding of H. longicornis and A. americanum on shared hosts, raising questions about the potential for interspecies viral transmission. To investigate whether H. longicornis can acquire HRTV through co-feeding with infected A. americanum, we used a mouse model in which HRTV-infected A. americanum nymphs were co-fed with uninfected H. longicornis larvae or nymphs and screened recipient ticks using q-RT-PCR. HRTV RNA was detected in H. longicornis collected from multiple mice, demonstrating interspecies co-feeding transmission of HRTV. Mouse blood samples were consistently negative for HRTV RNA, while some skin biopsies from tick feeding sites were positive for the virus, indicating nonviremic co-feeding transmission. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that H. longicornis can acquire HRTV RNA through co-feeding with A. americanum and could contribute to its maintenance in nature, even in the absence of a known vertebrate reservoir host for HRTV.},
}
@article {pmid40985547,
year = {2025},
author = {Lopez, MLD and Acharya-Patel, N and Allison, MJ and Migneault, A and Trilesky, S and Helbing, CC},
title = {From Environmental DNA into Actionable Biodiversity Data: Towards the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.},
journal = {The Journal of heredity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jhered/esaf068},
pmid = {40985547},
issn = {1465-7333},
abstract = {Biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate due to ongoing habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, the spread of invasive species, and unsustainable use of natural resources. In response, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), adopted in 2022, outlines a transformative goal to reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. The framework focuses on three main pillars: mitigating biodiversity threats, advancing implementation, and ensuring fair and sustainable use of biological resources. Meeting these objectives requires the adoption of innovative, adaptable, and inclusive monitoring strategies. Among these, environmental DNA (eDNA) has gained recognition as a non-invasive biodiversity assessment method that detects trace genetic material in environmental samples like sediment, soil, water, and air. Compared to conventional survey techniques, eDNA offers improved accuracy, sampling flexibility, and a non-destructive approach to monitoring ecosystems. Herein, we examine eDNA's role in achieving KMGBF goals to enable fulfilment of the Convention on Biological Diversity's vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050. We discuss its use in meeting several KMGBF targets including early detection of invasive species, enhancing biosecurity, monitoring species recovery, assessing pollution impacts, and supporting climate resilience. The standardization of eDNA protocols and alignment with FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles ensure that results are transparent and interoperable across regions and platforms. Integrating eDNA into existing biodiversity monitoring networks enhances conservation planning, restoration efforts, and the management of protected areas. Additionally, eDNA facilitates inclusive conservation by supporting Indigenous-led and community-based monitoring, promoting stewardship, and enabling equitable access to biodiversity data worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid40985029,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, P and Bae, S},
title = {In situ study of environmental factors (temperature and salinity) affecting cohort patterns and growth rates in Ciona robusta.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e20034},
pmid = {40985029},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Temperature ; *Salinity ; Republic of Korea ; *Ciona intestinalis/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Assessing and understanding the ecological impacts of marine invasive species is important for managing marine ecosystems, especially since their rapid growth, short reproductive cycles, and wide range of water temperature adaptability pose major challenges. In this study, conducted in Mokpo, South Korea, we explored the cohort dynamics and environmental influences on the ascidian Ciona robusta, which is considered a widespread invasive species. Through biweekly field surveys and quantitative measurements (dry weight, wet weight and body length) conducted from June to October 2022, we identified five distinct cohorts, challenging existing assumptions about lifespan and cohort patterns. All separation index value (which quantify differences between cohorts) exceeded 2, indicating clear separation of cohorts during the study period. The cohorts had a lifespan of between 4 and 10 weeks, much shorter than the previously reported maximum of 2 years. These differences suggest that local climatic conditions can have a significant impact on lifespan parameters. In addition, growth rates were significantly positively correlated with environmental conditions, particularly temperature. This highlights that while C. robusta growth rates are particularly sensitive to temperature changes, they showed relative tolerance to the salinity variations observed in this study. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of the population ecology of C. robusta in temperate marine ecosystems. In particular, it provides valuable insights for developing management strategies to mitigate the impacts of C. robusta due to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40983765,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, R and Su, Y and Sun, X and Wang, M and Feng, M},
title = {Rapid and automated mapping method of Spartina alterniflora combines tidal imagery and phenological characteristics.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {10},
pages = {1136},
pmid = {40983765},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {42071373//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2020MD021//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Environmental Monitoring/methods ; China ; *Poaceae/growth &amp; development ; *Remote Sensing Technology ; Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Spartina alterniflora exhibits vigorous growth and remarkable adaptability, enabling its rapid expansion throughout the intertidal zones of Shandong Province. As an invasive species, it not only disrupts native coastal ecosystems but also incurs significant economic burdens. Although substantial resources have been allocated by local authorities for its control, a comprehensive evaluation of these management efforts remains lacking. In particular, the influence of tidal dynamics on the spatial distribution of S. alterniflora has been largely overlooked, underscoring the need for advanced remote sensing approaches to accurately monitor. In this study, we propose a method to monitor S. alterniflora by combining low-tide imagery with phenological features. By utilizing low-tide images, we effectively overcome the impact of tidal fluctuations on monitoring accuracy. Using the Maximum Spectral Index Synthesis and Otsu algorithms, we achieved efficient, automated classification and change detection of S. alterniflora in Shandong Province, with an overall accuracy of 90.55%. In 2019, the total area of S. alterniflora was 11,386.05 ha, which decreased to 1787.13 ha by 2023. The distribution of S. alterniflora in Shandong followed a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease from 2019 to 2023. By 2023, the eradication rate had reached 91.10%, demonstrating the outstanding success of the province's management efforts. Although the management efforts have been somewhat effective, they have also led to significant carbon storage loss. These results validate the effectiveness of combining low-tide imagery with phenological features, offering a reference for similar studies in other coastal regions. Future S. alterniflora management should incorporate more scientific approaches, including the consideration of carbon emissions, to promote the sustainable development of coastal ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40979751,
year = {2025},
author = {Szita, &#xc9; and Gerő, K and Simon, J and Kaydan, MB},
title = {Integrative method to detect invasive mealybug (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) species on highways in Hungary: evidence for northward spread of Comstock mealybug.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e163732},
pmid = {40979751},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {Climate change, coupled with the intensification of road transport and global trade, has contributed to a significant increase in the number of newly introduced scale insect species into new regions. Invasive alien pests represent a significant threat to agriculture and forestry, resulting in considerable economic losses globally. In this study, three potentially invasive mealybug species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae): Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana), Planococcus citri (Risso) and Planococcus ficus (Signoret) were monitored using a pheromone trap network along highways in Hungary during 2020-2021. Prior to this survey, none of these species had been detected under open-field conditions in Hungary. Specimens captured were identified through analysis of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene fragments. The presence of Ps. comstocki was confirmed for the first time in outdoor environments at six localities in Hungary using both pheromone trapping and molecular techniques. It is currently the northernmost documented outdoor occurrence of Ps. comstocki in Europe. In contrast, Pl. citri and Pl. ficus were not detected in open-air conditions during the survey.},
}
@article {pmid40977367,
year = {2025},
author = {Czokajlo, R and Looney, C and Nottingham, L and Diehl, B and Abram, PK and Northfield, T and Smytheman, P and Beers, EH},
title = {Distribution of three figitid parasitoids of Drosophilidae in Washington State: a tale of 2 ecozones.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2092-2101},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf209},
pmid = {40977367},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {M350-145366001//Washington Blueberry Commission/ ; M480-144404001//Washington Red Raspberry Commission/ ; PG00021523//Washington Commission on Integrated Pest Management/ ; 2020-51181-32140//USDA NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative Grant/ ; 2022-51300-37890//USDA NIFA Organic Research and Extension Initiative/ ; 7005262//USDA NIFA Hatch/ ; AP20PPQFO000C321//Plant Protection Act project/ ; //NIFA/ ; 2020-51181-32140//Specialty Crop Research Initiative/ ; 2022-51300-37890//Organic Research and Extension Initiative/ ; 7005262//Organic Research and Extension Initiative/ ; AP20PPQFO000C321//Plant Protection Act/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Washington ; *Drosophila/parasitology ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; Female ; Pest Control, Biological ; },
abstract = {The geographic distribution and relative abundance of 2 adventive Asian parasitoids (Ganaspis kimorum Buffington and Leptopilina japonica Novković &amp; Kimura) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) of spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Washington state were surveyed from 2020 to 2024 using bait or lure traps. G. kimorum and L. japonica were first detected in 2020 to 2021 in western Washington. However, their distribution in eastern Washington, which produces the majority Washington's vulnerable specialty crops, was of interest for establishing a baseline for future biological control efforts. A clear picture emerged regarding the current distribution of the 2 Asian species, and a cosmopolitan figitid, Leptopilina heterotoma (Thompson), which attacks other Drosophila spp. Adventive populations of G. kimorum were only found west of the Cascade Mountains; the few specimens recovered in eastern Washington were found near release sites. Conversely, L. heterotoma was rarely detected using jar traps in western Washington, but was the most abundant of the figitid species found in eastern Washington. L. japonica was common and abundant in both regions, but more so in western Washington. The unaided establishment of L. japonica in eastern Washington may presage its future impact as a biological control agent in this region.},
}
@article {pmid40977078,
year = {2026},
author = {Fang, Y and He, L and Zhao, S and Wyckhuys, KA and Wu, K},
title = {Suitability of common crop- and non-crop plants for Spodoptera frugiperda development in tropical Asia.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {859-874},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70243},
pmid = {40977078},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//2023FY100500/ ; //National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China (CARS-02) and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Spodoptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Crops, Agricultural ; Tropical Climate ; Introduced Species ; China ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: For the newly invasive fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda Smith), large parts of Southeast Asia serve as a year-round breeding ground and a source of spring or summer migrants. So far, the host suitability data for crop- and non-crop species in the China-Myanmar-Lao border is still absent. Here, using life table analyses, we investigated FAW larval feeding and development on locally dominant crop and non-crop species.<br><br>RESULTS: Among a panel of 17 locally relevant plant species, FAW exhibited the highest survival and fecundity on Zea mays. Meanwhile, field crops such as Manihot esculenta or Musa acuminata and weeds such as Sonchus wightianus, Arachis duranensis, and Sphagneticola trilobata act as potential alternate hosts supported under laboratory conditions. Larval development cannot be completed on Bidens alba and eight other plants, whereas FAW reproduction was not observed on Plantago asiatica and Hevea brasiliensis. On Z. mays, FAW exhibited the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (&#x3bb;), the shortest mean generation time (T), and the highest net reproductive rate (R0). FAW attained the highest population growth on Z. mays, followed by M. esculenta, S. wightianus, M. acuminata, and A. duranensis. Larval feeding preferences were consistent with the ranking of host plant adaptability.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In the border region between Lao PDR, Myanmar and China, local FAW populations readily develop on locally prevalent crop- and non-crop plants including Z. mays, M. esculenta, M. acuminata, S. wightianus, A. duranensis, and S. trilobata. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40976763,
year = {2025},
author = {Russell, JC},
title = {Invasive species eradication standards.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {11},
pages = {1051-1053},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.09.002},
pmid = {40976763},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; },
abstract = {Invasive species management traditionally distinguishes states of eradication from suppression but an intermediary 'elimination' also exists. Whereas eradication is removal of both residents and reinvaders, elimination removes residents but non-breeding reinvaders remain. By contrast, suppression is only a reduction in the number of residents and does not distinguish reinvaders.},
}
@article {pmid40976574,
year = {2026},
author = {Zaada, DSY and Papathanos, PA and Marois, E},
title = {Reprogramming sex for vector control: maleness-associated transgenes in Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {73},
number = {},
pages = {101438},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2025.101438},
pmid = {40976574},
issn = {2214-5753},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/genetics/physiology ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; Male ; Female ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics/physiology ; *Transgenes ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; },
abstract = {Among other challenges, the world currently faces the expansion of pest insects such as the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus, a growing threat to public health due to the pathogens it can transmit. Current control approaches based on insecticides or elimination of mosquito larval breeding sites are insufficient to suppress this highly invasive species. The discovery of Nix, a gene necessary and sufficient to determine the male sex in this mosquito, opens new prospects for genetic control strategies, in particular those based on transgenes that convert females into males or reduce female fitness. Such forms of genetic control could be effective on larger spatial and time scales compared to classical control approaches. This overview of current and emerging genetic control strategies targeting Aedes mosquitoes emphasizes the unique characteristics of Ae. albopictus that make it particularly amenable to masculinization-based genetic control.},
}
@article {pmid40976172,
year = {2025},
author = {Bakhshalizadeh, S and Abbasi, K and Rostamzade Liafuie, A and Tiralongo, F},
title = {Evidence for reducing fitness and competition of the native fish with invasive fish species in the south Caspian Sea.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {212},
number = {},
pages = {107566},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107566},
pmid = {40976172},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Invasive alien species are an increasing socioeconomic and ecological concern worldwide. Climate change may amplify the impact of non-native species, particularly in enclosed ecosystems such as the Caspian Sea. To assess the ecological impact of invasive alien species on native fish, the length-weight relationships and condition factor (CF) of 47 fish species were compared. The Scheirer-Ray-Hare test was used to examine CF differences between native and non-native species concerning their feeding ecology. Additionally, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey's post hoc analysis were applied to identify significant differences among groups. The results indicate that CF was highest in carnivorous and non-native species, followed by groups with relatively high CF values, including native zooplanktivores, non-native benthivores, and native carnivores. Lower CF values were observed in omnivorous and native benthivores species, with the lowest CF recorded in non-native zooplanktivores. These findings suggest that CF can serve as a predictor of which introduced species may establish successfully. However, it remains unclear whether environmental changes driven by climate warming may enhance habitat suitability for invasive species in the southern Caspian Sea, promoting their further spread and invasiveness.},
}
@article {pmid40976041,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, C and Kim, DU and Lee, J and Kwon, I and Kim, YE and Yi, G and Kim, T and Yoon, SJ and Kim, JJ and Khim, JS},
title = {Effects of litter decomposition on sedimentary organic carbon sequestration in invasive and native halophyte marshes of Ganghwa, Korea.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {118727},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118727},
pmid = {40976041},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; *Carbon Sequestration ; Republic of Korea ; Carbon/analysis ; Poaceae ; Salt-Tolerant Plants ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Litter decomposition is a critical driver of carbon cycling in tidal flats, yet the extent to which decomposed organic carbon is sequestered in sediments remains unclear. We studied the effects of invasive Spartina alterniflora and native Phragmites australis litter decomposition on sedimentary organic carbon sequestration. Litterbag experiments were conducted over 360 days in tidal flats. Decomposition patterns were classified as rapid, moderate, and slow. Over 60 % of the litter carbon decomposed within the first 60 days in salt marsh (vegetated). In the bare tidal flat (unvegetated), S. alterniflora litter decomposed faster than P. australis litter. Bacterial composition shifted over time, being dominated sequentially by Bacteroidales, Bacillales, and then Pseudomonadales. Habitats with low Bacteroidales abundances showed lower initial decomposition rates. The decomposed carbon showed limited mobility and remained near the litter. These findings provide insights into the effects of litter decomposition on sedimentary organic carbon and its dynamics within sediments.},
}
@article {pmid40974798,
year = {2026},
author = {Calabrese, C and Giangrande, A and Quarta, E and Arduini, D and Acquaviva, MI and Biandolino, F and Giandomenico, S and Pitarra, G and Prato, E and Stabili, L},
title = {The Mediterranean introduced pearl oyster Pinctada radiata: can an invasion be changed into a gain in a climate change scenario?.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {118736},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118736},
pmid = {40974798},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; *Pinctada/physiology ; Mediterranean Sea ; Aquaculture ; Fatty Acids ; },
abstract = {The pearl oyster Pinctada radiata is considered among the 100 most invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea. Recently, a dramatic increase in P. radiata abundance has been recorded in the Mar Grande of Taranto (Ionian Sea) due to recurring heatwaves. This study investigated the structure and recruitment dynamics of P. radiata obtained in collectors made of plastic nets or coconut fibers within an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system in the Mar Grande of Taranto. Furthermore, its nutritional value in terms of fatty acids and its chemical and microbiological quality were analysed in light of its potential commercial exploitation. The results revealed that the best growth performance was achieved with plastic nets. Reproduction occurred throughout the year with a peak in summer. The fatty acid profile of P. radiata at all sampling times revealed the predominance of PUFAs and SFAs over MUFAs. The pearl oyster was found to be a valuable source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as also evidenced by the high ∑ω3/ω6 ratios (range 2.81-4.51). Finally, the oyster quality was good from a microbiological and chemical point of view (PCB ICES-6 concentrations were below established European limits). In this scenario, the exploitation of this species is recommended for several reasons, including its decline in the area of origin and the creation of a market for human consumption and pearl production in the Mediterranean areas, where the species is finding an improved environmental situation due to global warming.},
}
@article {pmid40974244,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, D and Ye, J and Tang, Y and Peng, Y and He, L and Yu, M and Huang, L and Wu, X},
title = {Endophytic bacterial engineering: a novel approach for pine wilt disease management in Pinus massoniana.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {594-612},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70220},
pmid = {40974244},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {2021YFD1400903//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; //Postgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX23_1224)/ ; },
mesh = {*Pinus/microbiology/parasitology/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Diseases/parasitology/prevention &amp; control ; Animals ; *Pseudomonas/genetics/physiology ; *Endophytes/genetics/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Microorganisms, Genetically-Modified/genetics/physiology ; *Tylenchida/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a globally devastating forest disease caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Chemical control plays a role in the prevention and control of PWD, but it also raises concerns regarding environmental safety and drug resistance. Seeking novel strategies and technologies to manage PWD has long been a matter of concern. The aim of this study was to increase the resistance of pine trees to PWD through the application of the transgenic engineered bacterium Pseudomonas koreensis BM06-P60.<br><br>RESULTS: A dominant endophytic bacterium, P. koreensis BM06, was isolated from healthy stems of Pinus massoniana. This strain was capable of efficiently and stably colonizing P. massoniana and significantly promoted the growth of its seedlings. The purified peptidase P60 protein was able to disintegrate the nematode cuticle, damage the intestinal tissues, and exert adverse effects on the nematodes. The engineered strain BM06-P60, which expresses peptidase P60, exhibited significantly enhanced nematicidal activity. Greenhouse disease control tests demonstrated that the engineered strain BM06-P60 exhibited 70% efficacy against PWD. Preliminary ecological safety evaluations indicated that BM06-P60 is a promising and safe candidate for biocontrol engineering.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The application of the engineered strain BM06-P60 effectively controls PWD. This study provides a novel microbial resource for the prevention and control of PWD. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40974215,
year = {2026},
author = {Sun, C and Cheng, C and Zhang, Z and Ye, M and Li, Y and Siemann, E and Liu, M and Zhang, X and Wang, Y and Li, B and Liu, X and Wu, J},
title = {Phylogenetic relatedness drives litter-mediated diversity-invasibility relationships.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {249},
number = {2},
pages = {1026-1035},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70563},
pmid = {40974215},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {2022YFC2601100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 32030067//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Talent Scientific Fund of Lanzhou University/ ; 202405AS350011//Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Biomass ; *Asteraceae/microbiology/genetics ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Leaves ; },
abstract = {Native plant diversity typically enhances community resistance to biological invasions by reducing resource availability and by accumulating natural enemies. However, after senescence, litter-mediated processes may either strengthen resistance through pathogen spillover or promote invasion through nutrient enrichment. We experimentally partitioned nutrient and pathogen effects to test how litter diversity and phylogenetic relatedness between native and invasive species shape invasion outcomes. Three invasive Asteraceae species were exposed to diseased litter from native plants that were either closely or distantly related, while manipulating litter diversity (1, 2, or 6 species) and pathogen presence (with or without fungicide). Higher litter diversity from closely related natives suppressed invader biomass. Fungicide treatment eliminated this effect, demonstrating that pathogen spillover mediated diversity-driven invasion resistance. Conversely, litter from distantly related natives enhanced invader biomass with increasing diversity due to nutrient enrichment. Our results show that phylogenetic relatedness structures the balance between pathogen spillover and nutrient enrichment, determining whether native diversity reinforces or undermines invasion resistance through litter pathways.},
}
@article {pmid40974033,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Luo, X and Yue, M and Song, B and Karhu, K and Razavi, BS},
title = {Rhizosphere Keystone Microbiomes Promote Invasive Plant Growth under PLA and PVC Microplastic Stress: A Comparative Study with Native Species.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {59},
number = {38},
pages = {20201-20215},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5c06285},
pmid = {40974033},
issn = {1520-5851},
mesh = {*Rhizosphere ; *Microbiota ; *Microplastics ; *Introduced Species ; Polyvinyl Chloride ; Polyesters ; Soil Microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Plant Development ; Soil Pollutants ; },
abstract = {Global ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the synergistic pressures of invasive plant species and soil microplastic contamination, yet the mechanisms by which microplastics enhance invasive species establishment remain unclear. In this study, we employ a mesocosm experiment using two types of microplastics, biodegradable polylactide (PLA), and nonbiodegradable polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to compare the responses of invasive and native plant species. We measured plant biomass, nutrient fluxes, soil enzyme activities, and microbial communities in the rhizosphere using soil zymography and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Invasive plants experienced less growth inhibition than native plants under microplastic exposure, accompanied by the selective enrichment of bacterial genera in the rhizosphere such as Arthrobacter, Sphingomonas, Microvirga, and Azospirillum. These microbes were associated with more interconnected and stable microbial networks, which may have enhanced invasive plant tolerance to microplastic-induced stress. Our results suggest that microplastics can reshape rhizosphere microbial communities in ways that have profound implications for ecological restoration and invasive species management. Future research should experimentally validate the functional roles of these enriched microbial taxa in promoting plant resilience under environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid40973892,
year = {2025},
author = {Millar, A and Chapman, H},
title = {Adaptive nutrient responses vary with growing environment but not altitudinal origin in an invasive plant.},
journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
volume = {38},
number = {12},
pages = {1657-1667},
doi = {10.1093/jeb/voaf107},
pmid = {40973892},
issn = {1420-9101},
support = {#E7614//Brain Mason Scientific Trust/ ; #932444//Koiata Botanical Trust/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Altitude ; New Zealand ; *Nutrients/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants often thrive in nutrient-rich environments because of their superior ability to capture and efficiently exploit nutrients. This fitness advantage is commonly explained by invasive species being more plastic than their non-invasive counterparts. However, the extent to which individual traits vary in their plastic responses to nutrient availability-and how these responses translate into fitness gains-remains poorly understood. We conducted a nutrient addition experiment in invasive Erythranthe guttata to determine how plasticity to nutrient levels varied among traits, among populations, and with growing conditions. Populations from both upland and lowland New Zealand were grown under "normal" and excessive soil nutrient levels, in an upland and a lowland common garden. We found no evidence of evolution in plastic responses between altitudinal groups. Common garden (growing environment) had a small but significant maladaptive interaction with nutrient responses; in the upland garden, plants growing under excess nutrients showed stunted growth, in contrast to the expected adaptive plastic response of larger leaves under high soil nutrients. The strength of nutrient responses among traits corresponded to their importance in the selection analysis, suggesting an adaptive plastic response. Additionally, in contrast to recent findings for other species, we found no relaxation of seed size and number trade-offs with nutrient addition, which suggests that this is not a consistent driver of invasive success. Overall, our findings increase our understanding of how invasive plants exploit high resource conditions through adaptive plasticity at the trait level, despite limitations in challenging environments.},
}
@article {pmid40973833,
year = {2025},
author = {Vukeya, LR and Mokotjomela, TM and Pillay, N},
title = {Seed dispersal by vertebrates promotes invasion risk in the southern African grassland biome.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {10},
pages = {1125},
pmid = {40973833},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Seed Dispersal ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Grassland ; *Vertebrates/physiology ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Seeds ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Vertebrate-mediated seed dispersal plays a crucial role in enabling the spread of invasive alien plants that threaten biodiversity in ecosystems such as the southern African grassland biome. Understanding the dynamics of the seed dispersal process by animals is important for assessing invasion risk and designing management interventions. This study investigated whether the southern African grassland biome is vulnerable to future plant invasions facilitated by frugivorous vertebrates in two known plant invasion hotspots in the Free State province: Boshof, dominated by Opuntia engelmannii (Cactaceae), and Fouriesburg, invaded by Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae). We (1) monitored, documented, and compared the diversity of dispersal vector species in sites invaded by non-native woody and cactus species with non-invaded sites; (2) quantified the seed rain from vertebrates' faecal samples and classified seeds and disperser species into functional groups to identify drivers of plant invasion of the grassland biome; and (3) assessed the effectiveness of vertebrate-mediated seed dispersal by measuring their post-ingestion viability. We predicted that frugivorous vertebrates are key drivers of fleshy-fruited plant invasions in this biome. We found taxonomically diverse dispersers (i.e. 27 families), with Bovidae and Numididae being dominant. Overall vector species diversity was high (H > 3.0), assuring effective population recruitment, although moderate in invaded sites (H > 2.5), and lower in non-invaded sites (H < 2.5). Over 9 months (March-November 2024), mammals dominated dispersal services (74%; N = 328 visits), followed by birds (26%), supporting our study prediction. We noted a high seed rain (i.e. 107,031 seeds) collected from 11,295 faecal samples associated with 43 vertebrate species. Invaded sites experienced significantly higher seed rain than non-invaded sites (P < 0.001) and were dominantly comprised of non-native species. Many seeds were medium-sized (1-5 mm), typical for successful invaders, and had a hard seed coat. Germination trials showed that ingested P. angustifolia seeds retained viability (46.7 ± 8.61%), similar to de-pulped controls (P = 0.53), while O. engelmannii seeds significantly lost viability (P = 0.002). The predicted seed dispersal distances were greater than 15.7 km for birds and ranged between 1.7 km and 8.6 km for mammals. We concluded that the grassland biome is vulnerable to further invasion by non-native plants dispersed by vertebrates, coupled with their long dispersal distances, and that integrating management of dispersal pathways into control plans is essential to optimise control efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40972550,
year = {2025},
author = {Wheeler, GS and Ripsom, S},
title = {The defoliating biological control agent, Lygomusotima stria (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), reduces rachis and fiddlehead production in Lygodium microphyllum (Schizaeales: Lygodiaceae).},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1171-1178},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf084},
pmid = {40972550},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {22283//Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission/ ; 4600004878//South Florida Water Management District/ ; 6032-22000-013-000D//US Department of Agriculture/ ; 6032-22000-013-000D//Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Moths/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Florida ; *Ferns/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Herbivory ; Fertilizers ; Biological Control Agents ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br., is one of the worst invasive weeds of natural areas of southern and central Florida, United States. The climbing fern forms thick mats that shade native shrubs and trees. Old World climbing fern invades the southern peninsula of Florida, where cost-effective, sustainable control methods are needed. Here, we report the results of greenhouse studies that examined the performance of Lygomusotima stria Solis &amp; Yen larvae, a potential biological control agent of L. microphyllum. We examined the impact of larval feeding on the target weed when grown at a range of fertilizer and herbivore levels. Furthermore, we applied these treatments to guide post-release mass rearing protocols. The results indicate that larvae had greater survival when fed plants at the highest fertilizer level. Two generations of feeding by L. stria larvae decreased rachis weights at the lowest fertilizer levels and fiddlehead numbers. At higher fertilizer conditions, the plants were able to tolerate L. stria herbivory, resulting in no significant changes in plant tissue allocations. The increased larval survival when fed plants grown at high fertilizer levels will benefit both laboratory and field mass production of agents. By impacting rachises and fiddleheads, these results suggest this insect will impede the ability of L. microphyllum to climb substrates, especially in lower resource conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40971617,
year = {2025},
author = {Gilbert, AL and Fargevieille, A and Delaney, DM and Durso, AM and Hall, JM and Kahrl, AF and Mitchell, TS and Pearson, PR and Reedy, AM and Cox, RM and Warner, DA},
title = {The landscape of natural selection during early population establishment in an invasive lizard.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {79},
number = {12},
pages = {2711-2723},
doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpaf184},
pmid = {40971617},
issn = {1558-5646},
support = {//National Geographic Society/ ; //Eppley Foundation for Research/ ; //American Philosophical Society/ ; //University of Alabama at Birmingham/ ; //Auburn University/ ; DEB-1942145//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/genetics/physiology ; *Selection, Genetic ; Female ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; *Introduced Species ; Florida ; Population Density ; },
abstract = {Populations during early stages of establishment are sensitive to forms of demographic regulation coinciding with rapid growth, which may also coincide with specific patterns of natural selection due to demographic variation. Understanding how selection varies during the establishment of new populations, however, is complicated by the constraint of knowing the precise age of a population as it grows over time. To address this, we established six brown anole (Anolis sagrei) populations on spoil islands in Florida and manipulated initial sex ratios to understand how natural selection is influenced by the demographic composition of founding populations. We found that initial sex ratios of founding populations led to age-specific patterns of natural selection. Juveniles experienced stronger selection in populations that began with a female-biased sex ratio, and the strength of natural selection on juvenile size strengthened with increasing population density. We also found substantial variation in selection, suggesting that the relationship between phenotypes and fitness across early generations of a population is not consistent over time. As a result, variation in natural selection driven by demographic aspects within populations may provide opportunities for rapid population growth and novel evolutionary trajectories during the earliest stages of establishment.},
}
@article {pmid40971405,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Hanley, BJ and Thompson, NE and Gong, Y and Walsh, DP and Gonzalez-Crespo, C and Huang, Y and Booth, JG and Caudell, JN and Miller, LA and Schuler, KL},
title = {Strategic planning of prevention and surveillance for emerging diseases and invasive species.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {39},
pages = {e2507202122},
pmid = {40971405},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {GPIN-2019-05671//Canadian Government | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)/ ; W-178-R//Federal Aid Wildlife Restoration Grant/ ; F23AP00488-00//Multistate Conservation Grant/ ; AP24WSNWRC00C030//US Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {*Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; Humans ; New York/epidemiology ; *Strategic Planning ; Population Surveillance/methods ; },
abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases and biological invasions pose increasing threats to public and ecosystems health. Proactive measures-such as prevention and surveillance taken before initial detection of the pathogen or species-are essential to ensure minimal spread prior to first detection. We developed an optimization model to determine where, when, and how much effort should be allocated to prevention versus surveillance. The model accounts for imperfect detection, system dynamics, spatial heterogeneity in risk and costs and is scalable to large landscapes. We found that the most cost-effective strategy is to maintain the prevention and surveillance efforts at stable equilibrium for the majority of the time, with deviations occurring only initially to steer the system toward the equilibrium. The equilibrium effort is jointly determined by the introduction risk, management costs, and total budget. Application of this model to chronic wasting disease in New York State suggests that the optimal strategy could reduce the cumulative disease cases before initial detection by an average of 22% compared to current practice. The optimal surveillance strategy could detect the disease on average over 8 mo earlier than the current strategy.},
}
@article {pmid40970547,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Tao, J and Brosse, S and Liu, C and Chen, Q and Cheng, G and Tao, J and Ding, C},
title = {Translocated Species Exceed Alien Species in Homogenizing Freshwater Fish Assemblages.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {e70506},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70506},
pmid = {40970547},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {202401AS070147//Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects/ ; 42077447//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42271066//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; China ; Fresh Water ; Phylogeny ; Ecosystem ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Human-driven introductions of nonnative species are accelerating biotic homogenization, threatening the distinctiveness of biota worldwide. However, the patterns and drivers of homogenization caused by nonnatives originating from other ecoregions (alien species) and those originating from the same ecoregion as natives (translocated species) remain highly uncertain across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional biodiversity dimensions. This study compared the contributions of alien versus translocated fishes to the homogenization of freshwater fish assemblages, as well as the underlying drivers, in a biodiversity hotspot (Yunnan, China). We first quantified the cumulative beta-diversity changes caused by alien and translocated species across biodiversity dimensions prior to 1960 (P1960), 1980 (P1980), 2000 (P2000), and 2022 (P2022), respectively. We then assessed the influence of anthropogenic disturbance intensity, habitat variability, and the biotic resistance of native fauna on beta-diversity changes. We found an asynchronous pattern of homogenization and differentiation caused by alien and translocated fishes. Alien fishes initially contributed to differentiation, which then shifted to homogenization over time in the taxonomic and functional dimensions, whereas phylogenetic differentiation remained consistent through time. In contrast, translocated fishes consistently drove homogenization across all biodiversity dimensions over time. The cumulative intensity of homogenization caused by translocated fishes was up to four times greater than that induced by alien fishes. Anthropogenic disturbance intensity and habitat variability, along with native biotic resistance, positively contributed to fish assemblage homogenization through both direct and indirect pathways. Our findings reveal that translocated species have caused more pronounced homogenization effects in freshwater fish assemblages. Conservation and management strategies should prioritize the prevention of intra-regional species translocations and the mitigation of anthropogenic disturbances to preserve ecological distinctiveness and integrity.},
}
@article {pmid40969357,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, C and Suthisut, D and Bai, C and Yan, L and Wang, D and Chen, L and Lü, J and Li, L and Li, P},
title = {Modeling the Potential Distribution of the Invasive Pest Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Under CMIP6 Future Climate Projections.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {e72159},
pmid = {40969357},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) is a well-known storage pest, and it is listed as one of the 100 most invasive species in the world. This study predicted the potential geographic distribution of the pest based on the MaxEnt model and assessed the impact of environmental factors on distribution patterns. Results indicate that under current climate conditions, central and southern China, the southern United States, North Africa, southern Australia, and Argentina are highly suitable regions for T. granarium. The minimum temperature of the coldest month and elevation are the primary influencing factors, contributing over 95% to the model. Projections for the future under SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios suggest no significant expansion in total suitable habitat. However, binary mapping and centroid analysis indicate a northward shift in the species' suitable range, with new suitable areas emerging primarily in the northern United States, westernmost Russia, southern Kazakhstan, and northern China. These findings offer crucial data that can support the development of pest monitoring systems, early warning protocols, and quarantine strategies in countries at high risk.},
}
@article {pmid40968726,
year = {2025},
author = {Barwell, LJ and Purse, BV and Green, S and Hardy, G and Scott, P and Williams, N and Cooke, DEL and Perez-Sierra, A and Burgess, TI and Chapman, D},
title = {Trait-mediated filtering of Phytophthora pathogen invasions through global horticultural trade networks.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {5},
pages = {2480-2497},
pmid = {40968726},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {NE/V019813/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; //Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs/ ; //Economic and Social Research Council/ ; //Forestry Commission/ ; //Scottish Government under the Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative/ ; BB/N023463/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {*Phytophthora/physiology/pathogenicity ; *Introduced Species ; *Plant Diseases/parasitology/microbiology ; Bayes Theorem ; *Commerce ; *Internationality ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Estimates of invasion risk can support prioritisation of future threats from non-native species. Greater risk of invasion is expected when species occur in connected source regions and possess traits promoting successful transport, introduction or establishment. We compile a global database of first reports of Phytophthora de Bary species, a diverse oomycete genus attacking a broad range of plant hosts across multiple regions, sectors and ecosystem types with increasing frequency. Using Bayesian hierarchical zero-inflated models, we model global patterns of new detections since 2005 among 109 Phytophthora pathogens across 56 countries with at least two known Phytophthora species reported before 2005. We estimate the effects of trade connectivity, climate matching, national surveillance and pathogen traits on the probability of a new detection. We find that 69 (38%) Phytophthora species were either unknown or had no known source regions before 2005 and were therefore excluded from our analysis. Our study shows that invasion risk is increased for pathogens with broader thermal tolerance and the ability to produce survival structures linked to stress tolerance and asymptomatic infections. This knowledge can be used to enhance national horizon scanning and risk-based surveillance activities to better manage risks to plant health from emerging pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid40967406,
year = {2026},
author = {Harwood, M and South, J and Dunn, AM and Stebbing, PD and Burgess, A and Bojko, J},
title = {Pathogen diversity of the non-native narrow-clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) in a UK water body.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {108458},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108458},
pmid = {40967406},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Astacoidea/microbiology/parasitology/virology ; Introduced Species ; United Kingdom ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are intrinsically linked to introducing associated symbiotic organisms, some of which can be parasitic or pathogenic. The pathogenic risk of an 'invasive parasite' (aka. exotic pathogen) stems from its potential to infect native hosts and induce behavioural change or mortality, with the pathogen potentially presenting a greater risk than the host. Conversely, parasites translocated by invasive hosts may also reduce the impact of their host, indirectly curbing the hosts impact on the invaded ecosystem. In this study, we develop a pathogen profile for the narrow-clawed crayfish, Pontastacus leptodactylus. This is a non-native species in the United Kingdom, and poses a possible risk as a sink for invasive parasites. We use histopathology, metagenomics and metratranscriptomics to outline the symbiotic diversity harboured by a P. leptodactylus population from West Yorkshire, England. We discovered several protozoan and bacterial species that appear to be putatively commensal with this invader, as well as several RNA viruses (Hepelivirales; Picornavirales; Nodaviridae, and others) that may be more pathogenic in nature. Microsporidia and Nudiviridae were absent in our population sample set, as were all metazoan obligate parasites, such as trematodes and acanthocephalans. Using the novel genomic and pathological data available to us, we have explored the evolutionary history of each symbiotic species and provided an initial assessment on the putative risk to native species.},
}
@article {pmid40967098,
year = {2025},
author = {Rej, JE and Gunderson, AR},
title = {High temperatures amplify aggressiveness of an invasive lizard toward a native congener.},
journal = {Journal of thermal biology},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {104257},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104257},
pmid = {40967098},
issn = {0306-4565},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Aggression ; Body Temperature Regulation ; *Hot Temperature ; Behavior, Animal ; },
abstract = {Invasive species cause major disturbances to endemic wildlife and often displace native species. Behavioral aggression can contribute to invasive species success, but little is known about how temperature and aggression interact. We tested for effects of temperature on interspecific aggression between the invasive brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) and a native congener, the green anole (A. carolinensis). Anolis sagrei displaces A. carolinensis from perch sites in sympatry, which is hypothesized to result at least in part from higher levels of aggression. We tested hypotheses about the temperature-dependence of interspecific aggression across five ecologically relevant temperature regimes that span cool spring to hot summer conditions. Additionally, we tested whether the presence of A. sagrei disrupts A. carolinensis thermoregulation. The invasive Anolis sagrei was more aggressive than A. carolinensis in all temperature regimes. In addition, the difference in aggression between the species was greatest at high temperatures. In contrast, we found little evidence that A. carolinensis thermoregulation is affected by A. sagrei. Our results indicate that the effects of an invasive lizard on a native competitor may be facilitated by high levels of aggression that could be amplified with rising temperatures. Overall, our results are consistent with aggression facilitating invasive species success, and that the effect can be amplified under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40966355,
year = {2025},
author = {Crawford, JE and Balcazar, D and Redmond, S and Rose, NH and Youd, HA and Lucas, ER and Ali, RSM and Alnazawi, A and Badolo, A and Chen, CH and Cosme, LV and Henke, JA and Hung, KY and Kluh, S and Liu, WL and Maringer, K and Martins, A and Micieli, MV and Pless, E and Sombié, A and Surendran, SN and Wahid, I and Armbruster, PA and Weetman, D and McBride, CS and Gloria-Soria, A and Powell, JR and White, BJ},
title = {1206 genomes reveal origin and movement of Aedes aegypti driving increased dengue risk.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {389},
number = {6766},
pages = {eads3732},
pmid = {40966355},
issn = {1095-9203},
support = {K22 AI166268/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R00 DC012069/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Aedes/genetics/virology/classification/physiology ; Animal Migration ; *Dengue/transmission/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Gene Flow ; *Genome, Insect ; Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics/virology ; Africa, Western/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The emergence and global expansion of Aedes aegypti puts more than half of all humans at risk of arbovirus infection, but the origin of this mosquito and the impact of contemporary gene flow on arbovirus control are unclear. We sequenced 1206 genomes from 73 globally distributed locations. After evolving a preference for humans in Sahelian West Africa, the invasive subspecies Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa) emerged in the Americas after the Atlantic slave trade era and expanded globally. Recent back-to-Africa Aaa migration introduced insecticide resistance and anthropophily into regions with recent dengue outbreaks, raising concern that Aaa movement could increase arbovirus risk in urban Africa. These data underscore developing complexity in the fight against dengue, Zika, and chikungunya and provide a platform to further study this important mosquito vector.},
}
@article {pmid40965471,
year = {2025},
author = {Fisher, TA and Coker, SM and Francisco, R and Ward, B and Brown, VR and Yabsley, MJ and Haynes, E and Cleveland, CA},
title = {Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi Antibodies in Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) in the USA.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {61},
number = {4},
pages = {1071-1076},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-25-00020},
pmid = {40965471},
issn = {1943-3700},
mesh = {Animals ; *Chagas Disease/epidemiology/veterinary ; *Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology ; *Antibodies, Protozoan/blood ; Female ; Animals, Wild ; Male ; United States/epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; *Swine Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology ; *Sus scrofa ; Swine ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {Wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations are expanding across the USA, raising concerns about the ecologic impacts and role as reservoirs for pathogens of significance to human and animal health. Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is a recognized risk for humans and domestic dogs in the southern USA. Common wildlife reservoirs of T. cruzi include rodents (e.g., Neotoma spp.), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and Virginia opossums (Didelphus virginiana); however, there have been reports of T. cruzi infection in suids, including a domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Mexico and three wild pigs in Texas, USA. Our study aimed to better understand the prevalence and distribution of T. cruzi antibodies in wild pigs in the USA. We collected 1,093 serum samples from wild pigs across 12 states in the southern, midwestern, and western regions of the USA, all of which have populations of T. cruzi triatomine vectors. We tested sera for antibodies against T. cruzi using an indirect ELISA and detected an overall apparent prevalence of 14.6% (160/1,093; 95% confidence interval, 12.6-16.9%). Pig sex, age class, month of sampling, and region were not significantly associated with seroprevalence; however, state of origin explained some variation in the data. We demonstrated that wild pigs in the USA were exposed to T. cruzi, highlighting the need for further research elucidating their role in T. cruzi transmission.},
}
@article {pmid40964037,
year = {2025},
author = {Owusu, FA and Owusu-Asenso, CM and Abdulai, A and Sraku, IK and Forson, AO and Anim-Baidoo, I and Afrane, YA},
title = {Invasion of the Dengue Vector Aedes albopictus in the Port City of Takoradi, Southwestern Ghana.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40964037},
issn = {2693-5015},
support = {D43 TW011513/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {In mid-2023, Aedes albopictus, a key dengue vector, was unexpectedly identified during Anopheles surveillance in Takoradi, southwestern Ghana. Ae. albopictus is not known to be breeding in Ghana until this encounter. By mid-2024, the Ghana Health Service reported several outbreaks of dengue for the first time, with confirmed cases in several regions, including Takoradi. This study investigated the bionomics and insecticide susceptibility of Ae. albopictus through larval and adult surveys near the initial detection sites, including the seaport. Among 2,666 Aedes larvae collected, car tyres were the most productive habitat (66.4%). Ae. aegypti (87.2%) were the most abundant vector, followed by Ae. albopictus (12.2%). Ae. albopictus was fully susceptible to pyrethroids and pirimiphos-methyl, while Ae. aegypti was resistant to pyrethroids. PBO synergist assays restored susceptibility in Ae. aegypti. kdr mutations were detected in both species: Ae. albopictus had low frequencies of F1534C (0.18), V410L (0.02), V1016I (0.00) whilst Ae. aegypti showed high F1534C (0.72), V1016I (0.50), and V410L (0.06). These findings provide essential baseline data for public health action and necessitate the urgent need for enhanced vector surveillance and resistance monitoring in Ghana.},
}
@article {pmid40962993,
year = {2025},
author = {Brasileiro Silvério, SL and Vital, OV and Massara, RL and Pacheco, FS and da Cunha Sarcinelli, R and de Melo, FR},
title = {Greater occupancy of invasive hybrid marmosets compared to a threatened native species in the fragmented Atlantic Forest: implications for conservation.},
journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
volume = {66},
number = {6},
pages = {585-595},
pmid = {40962993},
issn = {1610-7365},
mesh = {Animals ; *Callithrix/physiology/genetics ; Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Forests ; *Introduced Species ; *Endangered Species ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Ecosystem ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Endemic to the Atlantic Forest, Callithrix aurita faces endangerment due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and yellow fever epidemics, exacerbated by the introduction of non-native marmoset species, which heightens the risk of competition, hybridization, and genetic erosion. In this study, we employed playback methods and occupancy models to investigate habitat use by C. aurita and hybrid marmoset groups (Callithrix spp.) across 15 forest fragments in Guidoval, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We examined the influence of forest connectivity and distance from Guidoval's urban center on the occupancy of both C. aurita and Callithrix spp. We also assessed the influence of fragment size on their detection probability. Our findings revealed a mean occupancy probability of 0.65 for C. aurita and 0.83 for Callithrix spp. Interestingly, C. aurita occupancy correlated negatively with distance from Guidoval's urban center, possibly due to historical fragmentation processes that provided protection to certain groups in closer, less invaded fragments. Conversely, Callithrix spp. occupancy showed no correlation with any variable, highlighting their adaptability and raising concerns about their potential to threaten native species through hybridization and substitution. Additionally, fragment size did not influence detection probability of both taxa, this implies that the sampled areas may not be large enough for this variable to have an effect. Overall, our results underscore the urgent need for conservation efforts to mitigate the impacts of habitat fragmentation and invasive species on endangered marmoset populations in the Atlantic Forest.},
}
@article {pmid40957913,
year = {2025},
author = {Bescond-Michel, Z and Bacher, S and Vimercati, G},
title = {Harms of introduced large herbivores outweigh benefits to native biodiversity.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {8260},
pmid = {40957913},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; Animals ; *Herbivory/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Introduced Species ; *Mammals/physiology ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Introduced species significantly impact native biodiversity worldwide, with extensive research on harms but relatively less focus on benefits. Here, using the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and EICAT+ frameworks, we assess 2021 negative and positive impacts of introduced large mammalian herbivores globally. We show that negative impacts are more common, and of higher magnitude than positive impacts, i.e. affect populations, not only the performance of individuals. Native species on islands and at higher trophic level experience greater impacts. Reported impact magnitudes decline over time only for positive impacts. Most positive impacts are caused indirectly through changes in species interactions and ecosystem properties, often following negative impacts on native plants through herbivory and disturbance. We therefore advise caution regarding the intentional introduction of large mammalian herbivores for conservation purposes (rewilding, assisted colonization) without rigorous assessment of their impacts on native communities.},
}
@article {pmid40957345,
year = {2026},
author = {Falkenberg, LJ and Joyce, PWS},
title = {Tracking the coastal bioinvasion by mussels in Hong Kong.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {118678},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118678},
pmid = {40957345},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; Hong Kong ; *Introduced Species ; *Bivalvia ; Biodiversity ; *Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Invasive species are key drivers of global biodiversity decline and threats to marine conservation. Hong Kong, being a trade and transport hub with large volumes of shipping traffic, is particularly susceptible to marine bioinvasions and the subsequent ecological and economic consequences. While invasive bivalves have been recorded in Hong Kong, notably the mussel Xenostrobus securis, their distribution and population characteristics have not been recently documented. Here, we used field surveys to update occurrence records of this mussel and found it persists at sites in Tolo Harbour where it was previously recorded, and also occurs at multiple sites within Tolo Harbour where it was previously absent, and in Victoria Harbour where previous records did not exist. Population characteristics of X. securis were similar to those quantified at survey sites where it was recorded previously, indicating the species has reached a relatively stable equilibrium. We also found that the similar native species, Brachidontes spp., had increased in abundance, and the abundance of another significant invader, Mytilopsis sallei, had reduced. Notably, we documented the occurrence of another invasive bivalve, Mytella strigata, which was previously unreported in Hong Kong, highlighting the persistent risk of the arrival of novel species. With the increasingly widespread documentation of X. securis and record of yet another invasive species within the region, we suggest more research is required for monitoring and management of these species, and efforts should be made to quantify their ecological and economic effects.},
}
@article {pmid40955694,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, Z and Jackson, DA and Liu, J and Guo, C},
title = {Functional Dimension Reveal Impacts of Non-Native Fishes on Native Fishes and Ecosystem Functionality.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {e70501},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70501},
pmid = {40955694},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {CARS-45//Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System/ ; 202304910486//China Scholarship Council/ ; 32172980//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023YFD2400900//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; China ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; Lakes ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic-mediated invasions of non-native species are leading to biodiversity loss in many trophic groups, with specific impacts on a wide range of ecosystem functions and services. However, the impacts of non-native species on native species and ecosystem multifunctionality are not well understood, particularly due to the lack of long-term studies that focus on the analysis of functional and phylogenetic diversities. Using a comprehensive dataset spanning nearly 80 years from Lake Erhai, China, we assessed the impact of non-native fishes on the multidimensional diversity of native fishes, as well as the cascading effects on the multifunctional components of the ecosystem, including productivity, decomposition, and average multifunctionality. Over time, the multidimensional diversity of non-native fishes steadily increased, whereas that of native species declined markedly. Concurrently, both ecosystem productivity and average multifunctionality exhibited significant upward trends. Long-term invasion by non-native fishes was significantly negatively correlated with the multidimensional diversity of native fishes. A consistent convergence-divergence-convergence pattern was observed in trait spaces and in functional and phylogenetic community patterns of overall fish communities. Ecosystem multifunctionality increased with non-native fish functional diversity, though this positive relationship became negative at higher diversity levels. In contrast, native fish functional diversity and environmental factors-including average water level, Secchi depth, and annual precipitation-were consistently negatively associated with multifunctionality. These findings underscore the importance of integrating a functional perspective in biodiversity monitoring and management to enhance our understanding of, and foster more effective strategies for addressing, the long-term impacts of non-native species on native species and ecosystem multifunctionality.},
}
@article {pmid40948823,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, YC and Yang, YJ and Chen, YH},
title = {Development and characterization of novel microsatellite loci in the native tree frog species, Polypedates braueri and cross-species amplification in the alien species, P. megacephalus, in Taiwan.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e160332},
pmid = {40948823},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {Polypedates megacephalus is an alien species first recorded in 2006 in Taiwan. The expanding population of P. megacephalus poses potential threats to the native frog species, especially to the closely-related species P. braueri. To detect genetic diversity and analyse population structures of both native and alien Polypedates species in Taiwan, this study aimed to isolate microsatellite markers in P. braueri and test their cross-species amplification in the alien species P. megacephalus. We successfully amplified and characterised 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in P. braueri. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 19 and no locus showed evidence of a null allele. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.200 to 1.000 and 0.180 to 0.916, respectively and each locus was detected in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Cross-amplification in P. megacephalus was successfully performed in seven out of 10 loci. Amongst these seven loci, five exhibited polymorphism and two showed no variation. These microsatellite markers will be helpful for further population genetics research on Polypedates species in Taiwan.},
}
@article {pmid40947447,
year = {2025},
author = {Kobeletskaya, MA and Temereva, EN},
title = {First Description of Typhlosole in Ascidian Styela clava: Structure and Putative Function.},
journal = {Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections},
volume = {522},
number = {1},
pages = {183-185},
pmid = {40947447},
issn = {1608-3105},
mesh = {Animals ; *Urochordata/anatomy &amp; histology/ultrastructure/physiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/ultrastructure ; },
abstract = {The ascidian Styela clava is an invasive species that easily colonizes new water areas and has a wide distribution. A previously undescribed typhlosole was discovered in S. clava and studied using histological techniques, transmission electron microscopy and computer microtomography. The typhlosole is a large fold of the dorsal intestinal wall that starts in the lower quarter of the stomach and continues to the rectum. Its shape varies greatly: from a rounded protrusion to a spirally twisted fold. The typhlosole is formed by the intestinal epithelium and a thick connective tissue layer, in which pyloric tubules and blood vessels are extended. The epithelium consists of glandular, ciliated, and nonciliated cells demonstrating apocrine secretion. The typhlosole intensifies the food digestion and absorption of nutrients. The features observed in the typhlosole may contribute to a high digestion efficiency even in low-productive waters, determining the biological success of this species.},
}
@article {pmid40943528,
year = {2025},
author = {Wieczorek, K and Chłond, D and Durak, R and Elliot, M and Endrestøl, A and Van der Palen, J and Borowiak-Sobkowiak, B and Sawka-Gądek, N},
title = {Tracing the Invasion of Takecallis nigroantennatus (Hemiptera, Aphididae) on Cold-Hardy Bamboo Fargesia Using Mitochondrial COI Data.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40943528},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aphids/genetics/classification ; *Introduced Species ; *Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Haplotypes ; Europe ; },
abstract = {The introduction of alien insect species is increasingly facilitated by global plant trade, particularly through the movement of ornamental plants. Takecallis nigroantennatus, a host-specific aphid associated with cold-hardy Fargesia bamboo, has recently expanded its range in Europe. To examine its invasion dynamics, we conducted a population-level survey across 13 locations in six countries, sampling individuals from botanic and private gardens, specialized bamboo nurseries, garden centers, and urban horticultural environments in the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, Poland, and Norway. A total of 117 specimens were analyzed using mitochondrial COI sequences, revealing a single dominant haplotype without geographic structure based on Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses. This striking genetic uniformity indicates a narrow introduction bottleneck, suggesting a single or highly restricted introduction event followed by clonal spread. Despite the species' ability for sexual reproduction, the data support a founder effect and rapid recent expansion closely linked to the introduction history of Fargesia in Europe. The results are also consistent with a possible time lag between the arrival of ornamental bamboo and the subsequent establishment of its associated herbivore, a scenario that warrants further investigation. Importantly, our study provides a practical framework for applied monitoring and early detection in bamboo nurseries, botanical gardens, and other high-risk introduction sites, illustrating how molecular tools can inform biosecurity and the management of emerging invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40943188,
year = {2025},
author = {Stafiniak, M and Makowski, W and Matkowski, A and Bielecka, M},
title = {Stabilizing the Baseline: Reference Gene Evaluation in Three Invasive Reynoutria Species.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40943188},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Expression Profiling/standards/methods ; Reference Standards ; *Genes, Essential ; *Genes, Plant ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Accurate normalization is crucial for reliable gene expression quantification and depends on stably expressed housekeeping genes (HKGs) as internal controls. However, HKGs expression varies with developmental stage, tissue type, and treatments, potentially introducing bias and compromising data accuracy. Thus, validating candidate reference genes under defined conditions is essential. Reynoutria, also known as giant Asian knotweeds, is a Polygonaceae family genus of several medicinal plants producing a diverse array of specialized metabolites of pharmacological interest. Outside their native range, these plants are also noxious invasive weeds, causing significant environmental and economic threats. Research on stable reference genes in these species is limited, with a primary focus on R. japonica. To enable accurate gene expression analysis related to specialized metabolism and natural product biosynthesis, we aimed to identify the most stable reference genes across the most common species: R. japonica Houtt., R. sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai, and their hybrid-R. × bohemica Chrtek &amp; Chrtková. In this study, we evaluated twelve candidate HKGs (ACT, TUA, TUB, GAPDH, EF-1γ, UBQ, UBC, 60SrRNA, eIF6A, SKD1, YLS8, and NDUFA13) across three tissue types (rhizomes, leaves, and flowers) from three Reynoutria species sampled at peak flowering. Primer specificity and amplification efficiency were confirmed through standard-curve analysis. We assessed expression stability using ΔCt, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, and generated comprehensive rankings with RefFinder. Our integrated analysis revealed organ- and species-dependent stability differences, yet identified up to three reference genes suitable for interspecific normalization in Reynoutria. This represents the first systematic, comparative validation of HKGs across closely related knotweed species, providing a robust foundation for future transcriptomic and functional studies of their specialized metabolism and other biological processes.},
}
@article {pmid40943054,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao, JJ and Wang, HW and Fu, JG and Wan, FH and Guo, JY and Wang, R},
title = {Dynamic Genetic Changes Reveal: Intra-Lineage Diversity, Not Admixture, Explains Amaranthus palmeri's Success in China.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40943054},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {32272569, 32402403, 31471827//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022YFC2601100, 2022YFC2601000, 2021YFC2600400//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Amaranthus/genetics ; China ; *Genetic Variation ; Introduced Species ; Phylogeography ; Gene Flow ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; Genetics, Population ; },
abstract = {Global trade facilitates multiple introductions of alien species, yet the role of genetic admixture between divergent lineages in driving invasion success remains debated. Here, we address this question by analyzing dynamic genetic changes across invasion stages in the dioecious weed Amaranthus palmeri, introduced to China from North and South America. Combining chloroplast phylogeography with nuclear genetic analyses, we systematically investigated genetic changes in populations at casual, naturalized, invasive, and dispersal stages. Initial casual populations originated from distinct North and South American lineages, but all established populations (naturalized, invasive, dispersal) retained only North American haplotypes. South American genetic introgression decreased progressively during invasion (from 34% in naturalized to 3% in dispersal populations), accompanied by declining inbreeding coefficients. Established populations exhibited high inter-population crosses within the North American lineage (54-60%), maintaining genetic diversity and overcoming bottlenecks. Our findings demonstrate that invasion success in A. palmeri may be driven by gene flow within the North American lineage, rather than admixture between divergent lineages. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning plant invasions, highlighting lineage-specific management as a critical strategy for controlling invasive populations.},
}
@article {pmid40942127,
year = {2025},
author = {Vo, HV and Satyal, P and Vo, TT and Le, TT and Nguyen, AT and Vu, HT and Nguyen, TT and Nguyen, HH and Setzer, WN},
title = {Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King &amp; H.Rob. Essential Oils from Central Vietnam.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40942127},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Oils, Volatile/chemistry/pharmacology ; Animals ; Vietnam ; Aedes/drug effects ; *Chromolaena/chemistry ; Insecticides/pharmacology/chemistry ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Culex/drug effects ; Insect Repellents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The chemical composition of leaf essential oil of the harmful invasive species Chromolaena odorata collected in Vietnam was analyzed by GC/MS and chiral GC. All three essential oil samples (O1, O2 and O3) in this study fell into chemotype I characterized by α-pinene/geigerene/germacrene D/(E)-β-caryophyllene from a total of six different chemotypes. Chemotype I demonstrated larvicidal effects against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Aedes albopictus Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), Culex fuscocephala (Theobald, 1907) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), with 24 h LC50 values ranging from 11.73 to 69.87 µg/mL. In contrast, its microemulsion formulation exhibited enhanced toxicity, yielding 24 h LC50 values between 11.16 and 32.43 µg/mL. This chemotype also showed repellent efficacy against Ae. aegypti, with protection times ranging from 70.75 to 122.7 min. Fumigant toxicity was observed against Aedes aegypti, with LC50 values of 40.27% at 0.5 h and 0.34% at 24 h. Molluscicidal activity was recorded with 48 h LC50 values between 3.82 and 54.38 µg/mL against Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1833), Pomacea canaliculate (Lamarck, 1822), Physa acuta (Draparnaud, 1805). Additionally, the chemotype exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 70.85 µg/mL. Antimicrobial potential was also demonstrated, with MIC values ranging from 2.0 to 128.0 µg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans. The C. odorata essential oil can be considered as a potential bioresource for human health protection strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40941945,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Zhao, J and Jiang, L and Han, X and Zhu, Y},
title = {Predicting the Potential Suitable Habitat of Solanum rostratum in China Using the Biomod2 Ensemble Modeling Framework.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40941945},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {CAFYBB2023MA018, CAFYBB2024ZA008//Fundamental Research Funds of CAF/ ; 32201628//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022EEDSKIZDZX012-2//Major Science and Technology Project of Ordos City/ ; 2023040014228//Changning Bamboo Sea National Nature Reserve Master Plan Project/ ; },
abstract = {Solanum rostratum Dunal is a highly invasive species with strong environmental adaptability and reproductive capacity, posing serious threats to agroforestry ecosystems and human health. In this study, we compiled occurrence records of S. rostratum in China from online databases and sources in the literature. We employed the Biomod2 ensemble modeling framework to predict the potential distribution of the species under current climatic conditions and four future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585), and to identify the key environmental variables influencing its distribution. The ensemble model based on the committee averaging (EMca) approach achieved the highest predictive accuracy, with a true skill statistic (TSS) of 0.932 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.990. Under present climatic conditions, S. rostratum is predominantly distributed across northern China, particularly in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and the northeastern provinces, covering a total suitable area of 1,191,586.55 km[2], with highly suitable habitats accounting for 50.37% of this range. Under future climate scenarios, the species' suitable range is projected to expand significantly, particularly under the high-emissions SSP585 scenario, with the distribution centroid expected to shift significantly toward high-altitude regions in Gansu Province. Precipitation and temperature emerged as the most influential environmental factors affecting habitat suitability. These findings indicate that ongoing global warming may facilitate the survival, reproduction, and rapid spread of S. rostratum across China in the coming decades.},
}
@article {pmid40941907,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiao, C and Ye, J and Zhang, H and Qin, Y and Yan, R and Xu, G and Zhou, H},
title = {Assessment of Habitat Suitability for the Invasive Vine Sicyos angulatus Under Current and Future Climate Change Scenarios.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40941907},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2022YFF1300505//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2023JJ60541 and 2024JJ8297//Hunan Natural Science Foundation-Departmental Joint Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Sicyos angulatus L. is a rapidly spreading invasive alien vine that threatens natural and agricultural ecosystems globally. We collected occurrence data from 4886 sites and applied the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to assess current and future habitat suitability for S. angulatus. Future climate conditions were represented by low and high greenhouse gas concentrations under representative concentration pathways (i.e., RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively). The MaxEnt model accurately predicted the distribution of S. angulatus, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the receiver operating characteristic test reached 0.921. Among the 19 climatic variables investigated, the best predictors for the distribution of S. angulatus were the precipitation in the driest month (with a contribution of 37.4%), annual precipitation (26.8%), average annual temperature (18.1%), and temperature seasonality (14.9%). Currently, the most suitable areas cover the central and eastern United States, parts of southern Europe, most Japanese islands, the majority of the Korean Peninsula, and eastern China, with a total area of 180.3 × 10[4] km[2] (1.2% of the Earth's land area). During the 2050s and 2090s under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, the most suitable regions worldwide are projected to expand by factors of 1.0 and 2.2, respectively. In particular, suitable areas might expand to higher-latitude regions and encompass previously unsuitable areas, such as Liaoning Province in Northeast China. These findings may aid in the surveillance and management of S. angulatus' invasion globally.},
}
@article {pmid40941805,
year = {2025},
author = {Ye, X and Gu, C and Meng, J and Wu, M},
title = {Differences in the Response of Invasive Solidago canadensis and Native Imperata cylindrica to Glyphosate.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40941805},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {32171516//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; LTGS23C030002//Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Exotic invasive plant species can cause biodiversity loss by outcompeting and replacing native species. Herbicides are commonly used to control invasive plants owing to their low cost and high efficiency. However, herbicide use can have unintended effects on co-occurring native plant species by altering the competitive balance. We studied how herbicide application modifies the competition between an invasive and a native species. We examined the effects of applying glyphosate on the mortality, photosynthetic capacity, and growth of Solidago canadensis, an aggressive invasive species, and Imperata cylindrica, a native species that commonly co-occurs with S. canadensis. We also studied how applying glyphosate affected the competition between these species. Various glyphosate concentrations were applied to the two species grown either together or separately. The mortality rate increased while the photosynthetic capacity and growth decreased with increasing glyphosate concentration. Increasing the glyphosate concentration more negatively affected the parameters of I. cylindrica than those of S. canadensis. Plant growth, especially that of I. cylindrica, was more restricted by intraspecific competition than by interspecific competition as the glyphosate concentration increased. Furthermore, the relative competitive potential of the native species decreased with increasing glyphosate concentration. S. canadensis is more tolerant of glyphosate, which enhances its competitive advantage and hinders the proliferation, reintroduction, and success of native plant species. Future studies should focus on developing techniques to mitigate the negative impacts of invasive plant species, for example, via optimizing methods of spraying herbicides.},
}
@article {pmid40941776,
year = {2025},
author = {Yousefi, AR and Babaei, S and Nosratti, I and Zeidali, E and Babaei, M and Asadi Oskouei, E and Saberi, H and Redhu, M and Sadeghpour, A},
title = {Emerging Invasive Weeds in Iran: Occurrence, Ecological Impacts, and Sustainable Management.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40941776},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Invasive weeds pose a growing threat to global biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and agricultural productivity with significant ecological and economic consequences. In Iran, the rapid spread of invasive species such as Boreava orientalis, Azolla spp., Ibicella lutea, Physalis divaricata, Picnomon acarna, Cynanchum acutum, Vicia hyrcanica, Eichhornia crassipes, and Ambrosia psilostachya has severely affected native ecosystems, disrupted ecological processes, and threatened food security. These species exhibit aggressive traits such as rapid maturity, high reproductive rates, seed dormancy, and allelopathy that enable them to outcompete native species and successfully invade and dominate delicate habitats. Despite their documented impacts, a critical gap remains in understanding their biology, ecology, and management, particularly in understudied regions like Iran. This review synthesizes current knowledge on major invasive weeds affecting Iranian agroecosystems, with a focus on their ecological impacts and the urgent need for sustainable management strategies. It presents an integrated framework that combines ecological, biological, and management perspectives to address invasiveness, particularly in highly adaptable species like B. orientalis and A. psilostachya. This review highlights the critical role of interdisciplinary collaboration, advanced technology, and community involvement in developing effective strategies. It offers practical guidance for researchers, policymakers, and agricultural stakeholders, serving as a model for managing invasive species in other vulnerable regions. Ultimately, it supports global efforts to safeguard biodiversity, improve crop productivity, and strengthen ecological resilience against the growing threat of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40941388,
year = {2025},
author = {Wróblewski, P and Maciaszek, R and Świderek, W},
title = {Pinchy Business: Poland's Ornamental Crayfish Trade in 2024.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40941388},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {The aquarium trade is one of the main pathways for the introduction of non-native freshwater species. Such species include crayfish, which are valued ornamental animals commonly kept in aquaria. Some crayfish have been released into the environment, becoming invasive alien species. Due to the threat they pose to biodiversity and related ecosystem services, they have been subject to legal restrictions as invasive alien species of Union concern. In Poland, examples of species that have entered aquatic ecosystems this way include red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii and the marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Given the highly developed aquarium pet trade in Poland, a detailed analysis of the availability of crayfish in the pet trade was conducted. This study examines the presence and sale of crayfish at locations at zoological trade fairs, shops, and online marketplaces in Poland. Additionally, pricing, the volume of imported crayfish, and their welfare in the year 2024 are presented. Crayfish were recorded in all surveyed locations. In shops and zoological trade fairs, five crayfish species were recorded, including the invasive alien species P. clarkii and C. destructor. Online advertising platforms featured 15 crayfish species, of which four were invasive alien species. Cambarellus patcuarensis was the most commonly sold species in all examined places. Crayfish were often kept in poor condition. Furthermore, many sellers probably disguised the species of crayfish being sold illegally. This work shows that trade in invasive alien crayfish species is still widespread in Poland.},
}
@article {pmid40937518,
year = {2026},
author = {Hafsi, A and Abbes, K and Duyck, PF and Helel, H and Chermiti, B},
title = {The relationship between adult preference and offspring performance in the invasive tephritid species, Dacus frontalis, of wild and cultivated cucurbitaceous hosts at different stages of fruit maturity.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {116},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485325100126},
pmid = {40937518},
issn = {1475-2670},
mesh = {Animals ; *Tephritidae/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Female ; Oviposition ; Fruit/growth &amp; development ; *Cucurbitaceae/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Pupa/growth &amp; development/physiology ; },
abstract = {Dacus frontalis (Diptera:Tephritidae), is an emerging pest that causes damage to fruit in Africa and now represent a threat to Cucurbitaceae production in Europe. Understanding interactions between D. frontalis and host plants is important to improve pest management and prevent their invasions in areas where this pest is not yet established. In this study, female preference and larval performance of D. frontalis with regard to wild and cultivated Cucurbitaceae species at different stages of fruit maturity (green, intermediate, and ripe) were examined. Host plant quality, species, and fruit maturity play a major role in oviposition preference under both choice and no-choice conditions. They also influence larval performance (larval survival, development time, and pupal weight). Larval survival rates differed significantly between fruit species and different stage of fruit maturity, ranging from 0.2% to 0.7% in the case of ripe melon and green Bitter apple, respectively. Larval performance was higher in fruit with low soluble sugar, such as green bitter apple. Results revealed that D. frontalis has distinct ovipositional preferences for the cucurbitaceous host plants tested, with a clear preference for cultivated fruit compared with wild fruit. In cultivated cucurbitaceous fruit, the highest number of eggs was laid on the oviposition device containing green cucumber (48 eggs/female) and the lowest on that containing green melon fruit, where there was no oviposition. Females of D. frontalis were able to choose fruit for oviposition that promoted high larval performance, such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, and watermelon particularly at the green stage. This behaviour reveals a positive preference-performance relationship. Predicting the interactions between exotic insects and their potential host plants is important for preventing invasions using Pest Risk Analyses and associated quarantine procedures.},
}
@article {pmid40936771,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramírez-Alvarez, D and Li, X},
title = {Estimating density of native carnivores in central Chile landscapes using a simulated movement model, cameratrapR: insights on their potential exotic prey dietary subsidy.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19946},
pmid = {40936771},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; Chile ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Carnivora ; Foxes ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Species-specific density is an essential parameter for evaluating population stability and ecosystem health. We estimate the population density of native carnivores, South American gray and culpeo foxes (Lycalopex spp.), guiña (Leopardus guigna) and Andes skunk (Conepatus chinga), in central Chile, inferring on the potential influence of the availability of introduced exotic prey on their population dynamics.<br><br>METHODS: Monitoring with camera traps was conducted from March 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022, across three distinct landscapes representative of the coastal mountain range of central Chile: Mediterranean coastal thorn forest, Mediterranean coastal sclerophyllous forest, and exotic monoculture tree plantations. We estimated density using an R package, cameratrapR, where animal movement was simulated using a correlated random walk within the camera grids. Simulations were run for a range of numbers of individuals, representing a gradient of population densities. We matched these results and the observed photo records using a machine learning algorithm, random forest, thereby estimating population density and its 95% confidence intervals.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 10,046 trap days resulted in 9,120 photographs of carnivores, with 3,888 independent records. Our findings indicate that Lycalopex spp. are the carnivore species with the highest population density in central Chile (4.1-4.8 individuals/km[2]). Furthermore, their density was higher in the exotic monoculture tree plantation ecotype compared to native forests, suggesting a dietary subsidy from non-native prey. We report the first population density estimates for Conepatus chinga (1.8-2.2 individuals/km[2]) and Leopardus guigna (0.7-1.3 individuals/km[2]) in the three landscapes, showing different habitat preferences and resource availabilities across landscapes. The results highlight the complex interactions between carnivores and their environments, particularly the role of exotic introduced species as prey items in shaping native carnivore populations. These findings also provide insights into carnivore adaptability and the implications for biodiversity conservation.},
}
@article {pmid40936364,
year = {2025},
author = {Evans, AE and Pfadenhauer, WG and Buonaiuto, DM and Fertakos, ME and Brown-Lima, CJ and Morelli, TL},
title = {The future of biocontrol in the Anthropocene: A review of climate change impacts on biocontrol agents and their targets.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {e70088},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70088},
pmid = {40936364},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {G22AC00156//Powell Center/ ; 1938059//National Science Foundation GRFP/ ; G19AC00091//USGS Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center/ ; G21AC10233-01//USGS Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center/ ; //Lotta Crabtree Trust/ ; DE-SC0014664//Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; },
abstract = {Biological control, the practice of using one species (biocontrol agent) to control the population of another (a host or prey species, hereafter target), can be a successful method to reduce pest species in agricultural and natural systems worldwide. Successful biocontrol agents often share a deep evolutionary history with their targets that results in high target specificity and synchronized phenology. However, with rapidly changing climatic conditions, users of biocontrol agents have questioned how climate change will affect both well-established and more recent biological control relationships. Using a meta-analysis of data collected from a systematic literature review, we evaluated the evidence for the impact of changing temperatures on the efficacy of biocontrol agents and corresponding responses in their targets. Overall, most studies of climate change impacts on biocontrol agents take place in the laboratory and focus on arthropod agents that are parasitoids. Results from our meta-analysis reveal that changes in temperature are projected to impact biocontrol agents and their targets similarly, with no overall significant changes to biocontrol agent or target performance. However, our results also show that temperature responses vary widely across study systems, as illustrated by case studies showing both positive, neutral, and negative effects of temperature on biocontrol agent efficacy, as well as variation in responses across the three core biological control measures of success: survival, reproduction, and efficacy. Our work highlights important knowledge gaps including how climate change will affect both biocontrol agents and their targets simultaneously. Additionally, we find that most current studies of climate impacts examined temperature relationships, predominantly of agricultural biocontrol agents. Increasing the breadth of studies is crucial for understanding the potential for climate change to affect the success of current and future biological control programs.},
}
@article {pmid40936294,
year = {2025},
author = {Oberle, B and Bustetter, S and Continentino, L and Smith, T and Frank, G and Robison, M and Clingo, S and Cole, P and Hall, B and Jefferis, C and Scott, M and Setterberg, C and Sherrod, S and Gardiner, JM},
title = {Community-ecosystem interactions control plant biodiversity change before and after mangrove restoration.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {e70100},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70100},
pmid = {40936294},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {MX 00D680-18/6207//U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/ ; //Cross-College Alliance Environmental Discovery Awards Program (Restoration and Recovery of Estuarine Ecosystems)/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Wetlands ; Introduced Species ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; },
abstract = {Restoring biological diversity and ecosystem function requires understanding how introduced species interact with one another and their environments. The most prevalent and challenging scenarios involve multiple invasive species whose traits feed back through ecosystem processes. However, research into these systems often focuses on either community dynamics or ecosystem properties, rather than on their interactions, limiting understanding of what causes biodiversity changes before and after restoration. Leveraging insights from theory and management of single-species invasions driven by feedback between plant litter and germination success, we documented the structure of a disturbed mangrove ecosystem and tested causal hypotheses for community and ecosystem change both in microcosms and across the landscape. Before restoration, competing Schinus terebinthifolia, Casuarina spp., and Cupaniopsis anacardioides generated litter that facilitated the dominance of Cupaniopsis seedlings. After experimental restoration, seedling cover and richness increased only when removing invasive trees and their litter, supporting interacting community and ecosystem effects as the primary drivers of biodiversity change. Effective restoration of multiply invaded ecosystems is possible when simple interventions follow causal hypotheses supported by theoretical mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid40935520,
year = {2025},
author = {Zanon, FM and Stabile, BHM and Campos, BM and de Lima, &#xc9;O and Sampaio, MJA and de Souza, YR and Tolardo, LR and Gomes, MK and de Moraes, LSC and Hein, GS and da Silva, JD and Pinha, LDS and Santana, LO and Albuquerque, M and da Silva, V and Bredariol, JV and da Silva, GAL and da Silva, GD and Ferreira, AAA and Esser, LF and da Silva, VFB and Lima, MR and Ré, R and Bailly, D and Rodrigues, LC},
title = {Climate change will boost the invasion of the harmful cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii in South America.},
journal = {Harmful algae},
volume = {149},
number = {},
pages = {102957},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2025.102957},
pmid = {40935520},
issn = {1878-1470},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; South America ; *Introduced Species ; *Cyanobacteria/physiology ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The invasive cyanobacterium species Raphidiopsis raciborskii was first recorded in the Indo-Malaysian region in 1899, and studies currently report its presence in tropical, subtropical, and temperate environments around the world. In addition to its plasticity in colonizing new environments, R. raciborskii deserves attention for its ability to produce saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin, which can cause the death of aquatic organisms and harm human health. In this work, we assessed the effect of global climate change towards the end of this century on the potential expansion of R. raciborskii using ecological niche models (ENMs). We applied a set of machine learning algorithms within the ensemble prediction approach to estimate the potential distribution of the species in South America under projected climate change, considering different carbon emission scenarios. In the moderate scenario, the northern Amazon basin, the southern Orinoco basin, and part of the North Atlantic basin showed increased environmental suitability for the species. In the pessimistic scenario, the basin with the greatest increase in suitability was the Paraná-Paraguay basin. Several basins remained highly suitable in both current and future scenarios, especially in Brazil. This study highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the impacts of climate change on the distribution of the invasive species R. raciborskii. South American countries must implement monitoring measures to assess the expansion of blooms of this species, as well as government actions to control water quality, given the strong impact of these organisms on biodiversity and ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid40934340,
year = {2026},
author = {Bao, K and Zhuang, Y and Zhang, Y and Wang, X and Broadley, HJ and Fan, M and Wang, X},
title = {Predation efficiency of praying mantises as important natural enemies of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {530-538},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70211},
pmid = {40934340},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS)/ ; //U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)/ ; 22-8130-0585-CA//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; 58-8010-0-0140-F//USDA Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Mantodea/physiology ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Hemiptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Pest Control, Biological ; China ; Introduced Species ; *Food Chain ; Male ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), has emerged as a globally important invasive insect pest, causing extensive damage to grapevines and ornamental plants in its invasive range. Praying mantises are commonly found in many native habitats of the spotted lanternfly in China. However, the role of predatory natural enemies such as mantises and their predatory efficiency as biological control agents for spotted lanternfly in this region is unknown. The predation efficiency of the five most common praying mantis species in northern China-Hierodula petellifera, Mantis religiosa, Statilia maculata, Tenodera angustipennis, and Tenodera sinensis (Mantodea: Mantidae) were evaluated-by measuring their functional responses to adult spotted lanternflies under controlled conditions. In addition, the intraspecific interference in predators were also examined by exposing a fixed ratio of mantis to prey densities.<br><br>RESULTS: Both final instars and adults of all five species of mantis were found to readily prey upon spotted lanternfly adults, and their feeding rates increased linearly with prey abundance within the tested spotted lanternfly densities. Mutual interference by all tested mantid species was observed with increased predator density. Overall, T. sinensis, the largest-bodied mantis tested, consumed more spotted lanternflies than other species, and T. sinensis adults were more efficient predators than their final instars.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results show that praying mantises are important natural enemies of spotted lanternfly adults in their native range in China. These findings also provide insights into the potential efficacy of different mantis species as biocontrol agents for the spotted lanternfly and could be incorporated into future integrated pest management programs against this invasive pest. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40933664,
year = {2024},
author = {Fuke, Y},
title = {Commentary: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Freshwater Shrimp Diversity (Decapoda: Atyidae: Neocaridina) from Kyushu and Southern Honshu of Japan, with a Discussion on Introduced Species.},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {63},
number = {},
pages = {e53},
pmid = {40933664},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {Shih et al. (2024) reported on the detection of Neocaridina species in Japan and their morphological characteristics in Zoological Studies. Eleven taxa were identified based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis and morphological examination. Among these, they identified two taxa that formed sister groups: N. denticulata and N. davidi, which are primarily found in Japan and China. In this commentary, I argue that both species are actually N. davidi. This conclusion was previously drawn by Onuki and Fuke (2022) based on their examination of genome-wide SNPs, mtDNA, and morphological data. The doubts raised about this identification represent a serious issue in terms of conservation, as N. denticulata is a native species, whereas N. davidi is considered an invasive alien species in Japan. Two likely reasons for this misidentification are the oversight of previous studies and the inability to account for the effects of interspecific and intraspecific hybridization. Inaccurate or unsubstantiated identifications pose significant challenges to taxonomy and conservation, underscoring the need for research grounded in reliable methods and well-characterized specimens.},
}
@article {pmid40933617,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, Y and Tian, J and Zheng, S and Zheng, P and Chen, J and Zhou, K and Wang, W},
title = {The mitochondrial genome of an invasive hydromedusa: Cladonema digitatum Fang et al., 2022 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa).},
journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources},
volume = {10},
number = {10},
pages = {932-936},
pmid = {40933617},
issn = {2380-2359},
abstract = {This study presents the first mitochondrial genome (16,342 bp) of the invasive species Cladonema digitatum Fang et al., 2022, revealing a conserved Capitata-like gene arrangement, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and two tRNA genes, along with a duplicated pseudo-cox1 fragment. Phylogenetic analysis robustly supported C. digitatum and Cladonema multiramosum as reciprocally monophyletic mitogenome lineages, forming a robust clade sister to Cladonema pacificum. This topology supports the morphological dichotomy between the Cladonema radiatum-like lineage (filiform tentacles, gastric pouches) and C. pacificum-like species. These findings contribute a critical genomic resource for advancing the understanding of medusozoan phylogeny.},
}
@article {pmid40931482,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, X and Zhang, Z and Wan, NF and Nie, M and Li, B},
title = {Reduced phenological differences under nitrogen enrichment facilitate invasion by a late-growing plant.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {5},
pages = {2553-2563},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70550},
pmid = {40931482},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {202405AS350011//Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province/ ; //Xingdian Talent Support Program/ ; 23015810100//Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation/ ; 2022YFC2601100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 202501AS070075//Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects/ ; 32030067//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32430065//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32460336//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U23A20160//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; W2412127//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen/pharmacology ; *Introduced Species ; *Poaceae/growth &amp; development/drug effects/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Wetlands ; },
abstract = {Although invasion success is often attributed to the early phenology of the invader, many late-growing invaders also thrive in resource-enriched environments. However, the mechanism behind this paradox remains poorly understood. Here, we tested how nitrogen (N) enrichment influences competition between the late-growing invader Spartina alterniflora and the early-growing native Phragmites australis in a coastal salt marsh. Using field experiments and modern coexistence theory, we tracked changes in growth timing due to N enrichment and measured their effects on niche differences (ND) and fitness differences (FD). We found that N enrichment advanced the growth phenology of S. alterniflora but not that of P. australis, thereby reducing their temporal separation. This N-induced phenological synchrony weakened stabilizing ND and amplified the invader's fitness advantage, shifting the competitive outcome from coexistence under ambient N conditions to the strong suppression of the native plant under N enrichment. Our findings reveal a critical, yet often-overlooked mechanism: N enrichment helps late-growing invaders not only by increasing their competitiveness but also by eroding the temporal ND that buffer native communities. This highlights that such resource-driven alterations in phenological strategies are a potent determinant of invasion success under global change.},
}
@article {pmid40931201,
year = {2025},
author = {Carroll, EP and Held, DW and Turley, NE and Bruckner, S},
title = {Crape myrtle bark scale Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Coccidae: Eriococcidae) infestation seasonally alters the insect biodiversity on crape myrtle trees.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {10},
pages = {155},
pmid = {40931201},
issn = {1432-1939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Seasons ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Trees ; },
abstract = {Understanding changes to local communities brought about by biological invasions is important for conserving biodiversity and maintaining environmental stability. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are a diverse group of insects well known for their invasion potential and ability to modify local abundance of multiple insect groups. Here, we tested how the presence of crape myrtle bark scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae, CMBS), an invasive felt scale species, seasonally impacted local insect abundance, biodiversity, and community structure on crape myrtle trees. Our field surveys showed that CMBS-infested trees had seasonal changes to local insect abundance and family-level richness, and inverse Simpson's diversity relative to non-infested trees. CMBS infestation resulted in a decrease in community evenness on crape myrtle trees. Community compositions of insect visitors were distinct between infested and non-infested trees. CMBS-infested trees had greater seasonal abundances of Coccinellidae, Vespidae, Dolichopodidae, and Muscidae. Two of the families (Coccinellidae, Vespidae) that responded most strongly to CMBS infestation were dominated by non-native species. Our results show that CMBS-infested trees acted as resource hubs for natural enemies and carbohydrate scavengers, resulting in uneven communities shaped by a few highly responsive taxa. The temporal dynamics of these effects support CMBS as an ecological catalyst, reshaping urban insect communities and highlight its potential for facilitating invasion cascades in anthropogenic habitats. These results emphasize the importance of fine-scale temporal monitoring for understanding and mitigating the ecological impacts of introduced scale insects in urban environments.},
}
@article {pmid40927318,
year = {2025},
author = {Hunter, C and Bower, DS and Peters, RA and Spencer, RJ and Pizzatto, L and Van Dyke, JU},
title = {Mitigating Fox Predation on Freshwater Turtle Nests: Comparing Effectiveness of Three In Situ Protection Methods.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {e72121},
pmid = {40927318},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Freshwater turtles in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, have declined since the 1970s. Intense nest predation by introduced foxes likely contributes to these declines, disrupting juvenile recruitment needed to sustain populations. Traditional lethal control methods, such as baiting and shooting, have proven inadequate, highlighting the need for innovative conservation strategies. We tested three nest protection methods-fenced nesting beaches, artificial floating islands (artificial nesting habitat), and individual mesh covers-for reducing fox predation. Using artificial turtle nests across protected and unprotected plots, we monitored nest predation with remote cameras and confirmed nest status through excavation. On average, nest predation was lowest on artificial islands (17%), followed by fences (37%) and mesh (40%). All protection methods significantly reduced depredation compared to unprotected controls (85% destroyed). Unprotected nests were almost exclusively depredated by foxes, while protected nests saw more predation from native animals. Native predator species did not differ among protection treatments. Our findings underscore the potential for artificial floating islands as a valuable conservation tool. Further research into optimizing nest protection and understanding ecological impacts is critical for improving recruitment and reversing declines of freshwater turtle species.},
}
@article {pmid40926798,
year = {2025},
author = {Sota, V and Nacheva, L and Bošnjak, D and Abraham, E and Jevremović, S and Cvjetković, B and Galović, V and Jevremović, D and Marković, Z and Kongjika, E and Bogunović, S and Zeljković, S and Andonovski, V and Daničić, V and Vujović, T},
title = {Unveiling the Balkans' advances: In vitro biotechnology of woody plants in the early 21[st] century.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1586013},
pmid = {40926798},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The Balkan Peninsula is a European biodiversity hotspot, home to 6,500 native vascular plant species, many of which are endemic. The region has diverse range of climates and complex topography, creating conditions that suit many woody ornamental, fruit, and forest species. Nevertheless, climate change, habitat destruction, invasive species, plant diseases, and agricultural practices threaten natural ecosystems and cultivated species. Many Balkan countries have addressed these challenges using advanced biotechnological approaches, including micropropagation, in vitro conservation, and in vitro selection for stress-tolerant genotypes. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of in vitro plant biotechnology progress in the Balkan countries from the beginning of the 21[st] century to the present, with a focus on woody horticultural and forest species. The primary objectives of scientific research include optimizing media composition for all components and micropropagation stages, as well as effective initial explant selection. In addition, temporary immersion bioreactors, synthetic seed technology, and cryopreservation techniques have been explored to enhance plant production and conservation. Scientific research for woody ornamentals and fruit tree species has progressed in Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, and Serbia while remaining limited in other Balkan countries. Forest tree production research is currently conducted in Bulgaria, Greece, and Serbia, with labs focusing on micropropagation and ex situ conservation. In addition to advances in scientific research, several commercial companies operate in the Balkans, with establishments in Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, and North Macedonia, that produce in vitro-derived planting material for fruit trees and woody ornamental plants. Despite this progress, research in the Balkan countries remains fragmented, emphasizing the need to strengthen regional collaboration and knowledge exchange to promote agricultural development processes and biotechnological applications in this region. This review represents the first exploration of this topic in the Balkans and successfully unites researchers from several countries. It highlights key scientific advances in in vitro biotechnology for woody plants, identifies challenges, and proposes solutions. The value of interdisciplinary collaboration is emphasized through the optimization of in vitro methodologies, the promotion of germplasm conservation, and the sustainable use of plant genetic resources in the Balkans.},
}
@article {pmid40925042,
year = {2025},
author = {Menouillard, M and Blanchet, A and Desurmont, GA},
title = {Olfactory preferences of the allium leafminer, an emerging pest in North America: comparison of three experimental bioassays.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2301-2308},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf218},
pmid = {40925042},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {0212-22000-030-000D//ARS/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Diptera/physiology ; Biological Assay ; Smell ; Female ; *Allium ; Odorants ; Male ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Evaluating the olfactory preferences of emerging insect pests is critical to develop monitoring tools and improve early detection and management strategies. Here the chemical ecology and olfactory preferences of the allium leafminer Phytomyza gymnostoma Loew (Diptera: Agromyzidae), an invasive pest in North America affecting allium crops such as leeks and onions, were investigated. Three bioassay methods were assessed under laboratory conditions: wind tunnel, Y-tube olfactometer, and arena bioassay. All bioassays measured the responses of P. gymnostoma adults to odors of host and non-host plants. Two common allium crops, leek and chive, were used as host plants. Results of the wind tunnel bioassays showed a clear preference for host plants compared to non-host plants, with leek being twice as attractive as chive. Leek plants already infested by P. gymnostoma were half as attractive as healthy plants. Olfactometer and arena bioassays failed to show any significant response of adult flies toward host plant volatiles. This study is the first to compare multiple bioassays for behavioral investigations of P. gymnostoma, providing novel insights into the pest's host-finding behavior and highlighting methodological considerations for future work. Overall, these results suggest that both visual and chemical cues play a role in P. gymnostoma's foraging behavior and are a promising first step toward the development of monitoring tools against this invasive pest.},
}
@article {pmid40922389,
year = {2026},
author = {Buddenhagen, CE and Bourdôt, G and Lamoureaux, S and Noble, A and Dawson, MI and Phillips, CB},
title = {Validating a rapid algorithmic weed hazard ranking method.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {375-383},
pmid = {40922389},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Weeds/classification ; Risk Assessment/methods ; California ; New Zealand ; *Algorithms ; *Weed Control ; Artificial Intelligence ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Conventional weed risk assessments (WRAs) are time-consuming and often constrained by species-specific attribute data gaps. We present a validated, algorithmic alternative, the CPG model, that integrates climatic suitability (C), weed-related publication frequency (P) and global occurrence data (G), using publicly available databases and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted text screening with a large language model (LLM).<br><br>RESULTS: The CPG model was tested against independent weed hazard classifications for New Zealand and California. In New Zealand, 89% of 480 randomly selected plant taxa had sufficient data to generate scores, which aligned well with expert classifications and moderately with outputs from the 48-question WRA [Pheloung PC, Williams PA, and Halloy SR. Journal of Environmental Management 57:239-251 (1999)]. For more than 5000 species assessed using Randall's 14-criteria generalised risk model [Randall RP, 20th Australasian Weeds Conference: 5-12 (2016)], all CPG variables were informative. The model also showed strong agreement with a 19-criteria California weed hazard system. Multinomial regression and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analyses confirmed consistent predictive performance, with true-positive rates from 0.69 to 0.90 and true-negative rates from 0.71 to 0.97. It effectively distinguished high- from low-hazard species. Sensitivity analysis showed that as evidence for weediness increased, score stability improved, supporting robust rankings for high-hazard species.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The CPG model offers a transparent, scalable and cost-effective tool for early-stage weed hazard screening. It delivers substantial time savings over attribute-based WRAs while maintaining alignment with expert evaluations. The model enables rapid triage of large species lists, including actual or potentially introduced taxa under current and future climates, supporting prioritisation for detailed risk or management feasibility assessments. Its automation and reproducibility make it a valuable tool for global biosecurity and invasive species management. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40920022,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Oduor, AMO},
title = {Elevated ozone promotes the dominance of invasive plant species in low-diversity native plant communities.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {112},
number = {9},
pages = {e70098},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70098},
pmid = {40920022},
issn = {1537-2197},
support = {32201437//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2026PVB0077//Chinese Academy of Science-President's International Fellowship Initiative/ ; },
mesh = {*Ozone/analysis/toxicity ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; *Air Pollutants/analysis/toxicity ; Stress, Physiological/physiology ; *Plants ; Plant Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: The diversity-invasibility hypothesis suggests that native plant communities with high species diversity are more resistant to invasions by exotic species compared to those with fewer species. This resistance stems from more complete resource use and stronger biotic interactions in diverse communities, which limit opportunities for invaders to establish. However, this resistance could potentially be weakened by environmental stressors, including elevated tropospheric ozone. Ozone levels have increased globally from 10 ppb in pre-industrial times to around 50 ppb today. Elevated ozone affects plant species differently, depending on their functional traits and physiological tolerances. Yet, no prior study has tested how elevated ozone affects the link between native plant community diversity and invasion resistance. We thus set up an open-top chamber experiment to assess the impact of ozone enrichment on invasive plant growth in native communities of differing species richness.<br><br>METHODS: We established 16 native plant communities: eight low-diversity and eight high-diversity. Each community was invaded by a single individual from one of nine exotic species and grown in either ambient (40.72 ppb) or elevated (83.10 ppb) ozone.<br><br>RESULTS: Elevated ozone reduced the mean aboveground biomass of invasive species by 9.64% overall. The decline was greater in low-diversity communities (-18.46%) than in high-diversity ones (-12.54%). Elevated ozone enhanced the mean proportional aboveground biomass of invasive species in low-diversity communities (11.24%), but not in high-diversity communities.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the diversity-invasibility hypothesis and suggest that species-rich communities maintain stronger resistance to invasion even in elevated ozone.},
}
@article {pmid40919732,
year = {2026},
author = {Milligan, PD and Rossiter, J and Zare, A and Palmer, TM and Lemboi, J and Mizell, GM and Mosiany, J and Riginos, C and Goheen, JR and Pringle, EG},
title = {Mutualism, herbivory, and invasive ants as seasonally dependent drivers of root surface area in a foundational savanna ant-plant.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {249},
number = {2},
pages = {777-791},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70553},
pmid = {40919732},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {1556905//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 1935498//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 2010075//National Science Foundation Division of Biological Infrastructure/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Acacia/growth &amp; development ; *Ants ; Convolutional Neural Networks ; Grassland ; *Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; Mammals ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Roots/growth &amp; development ; Rain ; Seasons ; *Symbiosis ; *Myrmecophytes/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Many plants are defended from herbivory by costly insect mutualists. Understanding positive associations between plants and mutualists requires a whole-plant perspective including roots. We hypothesized that root surface area increases with mutualist activity (to a saturation threshold) and recent rainfall but that this relationship shifts when herbivores are excluded. We also hypothesized that invasive ants limit root surface area and that mutualism breakdown driven by invaders blunts root responses to rainfall and herbivore exclusion. Using minirhizotrons (est. 2021), we surveyed root surface area of ant-acacias during a dry (2022) and then a wet (2023) season. Study plots either excluded or permitted vertebrate browsers, within a natural experiment comparing mutualist-defended ant-acacias to those invaded by a mutualism-disrupting ant. Root area increased with mutualist activity to a threshold, but this positive association was less apparent during rainy periods. Megabrowser exclusion increased overall root area but reduced the threshold for a positive association with mutualist activity and reduced the steepness of the root area-rainfall correlation. Ant-invaded acacias had smaller root areas that correlated less steeply with rainfall. Positive associations between insect defense and root area were thus contingent on rainfall, herbivory, and biotic invasion, drivers that are shifting under global change.},
}
@article {pmid40919469,
year = {2025},
author = {Oskyrko, O and Mi, C and Du, W},
title = {Integrating the thermal dependence of sex ratio into distribution models to predict suitable habitats for the invasive freshwater pond slider turtle, Trachemys scripta.},
journal = {Marine life science &amp; technology},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {619-631},
pmid = {40919469},
issn = {2662-1746},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Biological invasions represent one of the main anthropogenic drivers of global change with a substantial impact on biodiversity. Traditional studies predict invasion risk based on the correlation between species' distribution and environmental factors, with little attention to the potential contribution of physiological factors. In this study, we incorporated temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and sex-ratio data into species distribution models (SDMs) to assess the current and future suitable habitats for the world's worst invasive reptile species, the pond slider turtle (Trachemys scripta). First, occurrence records of T. scripta from online databases and published scientific literature were identified. Then, climatic variables representing current (1976-2013) and future (2060-2080) climate scenarios were extracted and combined with sex-ratio records to create hybrid-SDMs with which to assess the current and future suitable habitats for T. scripta. It was found that T. scripta has potential suitable habitat in 136 countries at present. Under the four climate change scenarios (ssp126, ssp245, ssp370 and ssp585) that were modeled, the distribution of T. scripta is predicted to decrease in 78-93 countries but increase in the northern hemisphere. This confirms that there is a greater likelihood that this species will increase in more developed countries. Incorporating the thermal dependence of sex ratio into hybrid-SDMs can be an important addition to detect the invasion risk of TSD species and to develop region-specific invasion management strategies to prevent and/or control invasive species such as T. scripta.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-025-00291-z.},
}
@article {pmid40919340,
year = {2025},
author = {Latombe, G and Arbieu, U and Bacher, S and Canessa, S and Courchamp, F and Dullinger, S and Essl, F and Glaser, M and Jarić, I and Lenzner, B and Schertler, A and Wilson, JRU},
title = {Clarifying ethical stances in conservation: a trolley problem thought experiment.},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {75},
number = {9},
pages = {722-736},
pmid = {40919340},
issn = {0006-3568},
abstract = {Conservation policies often need to integrate scientific predictions with ethical considerations. However, different normative ethical systems at the root of conservation approaches often support different decisions, and the moral stances of stakeholders are influenced by diverse societal values and perceptions. This creates the potential for dilemmas and conflicts. In the present article, we adapt the well-known trolley problem thought experiment to a conservation context. Exploring variations in how the problem is framed enables us to highlight key concepts that need to be considered in decision-making (uncertainty; asymmetry in numbers, victims, and impacts; temporal and spatial asymmetry; causal relationships and stakeholder involvement). We argue that the trolley problem offers a simplified but flexible framework to understand and predict the factors underlying differences in moral stances across diverse conservation issues, foster communication, and facilitate informed decision-making in conservation practice.},
}
@article {pmid40918641,
year = {2025},
author = {Palonen, A and Papach, A and Muturi, MNK and Weinstein Teixeira, &#xc9; and Williams, GR and Jacobsen, R and Evans, JD and Posada-Florez, FJ and Pirk, CWW and Lattorff, HMG and Lawrence, AK and Oluseyi, MO and Spooner-Hart, R and House, CM and Federico, G and Formato, G and Neumann, P},
title = {Spatiotemporal variation of small hive beetle infestation levels in honeybee host colonies.},
journal = {Apidologie},
volume = {56},
number = {5},
pages = {79},
pmid = {40918641},
issn = {0044-8435},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: High infestation levels of small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, can cause more damage to honeybee, Apis mellifera, host colonies. However, the spatiotemporal variation of SHB infestations is poorly understood. Here, we show that SHB infestations can be equally high in native and invasive ranges, suggesting that differences between host populations are the key criterion for damage. The data reveal that spatial variation within locations was not correlated with migratory beekeeping, SHB management strategies, nor the number of colonies at an apiary. Despite no annual changes in SHB infestations, the data confirm seasonal variation in infestations in two locations probably due to environmental factors affecting SHB. Infestations are lower in Italy than elsewhere, possibly due to strongly implemented management strategies. It is apparent that our understanding of varying SHB infestations is still limited. This suggests that further efforts are required to elucidate our knowledge of this important host-parasite system.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13592-025-01206-8.},
}
@article {pmid40918590,
year = {2025},
author = {Misher, C and Bithoo, KS and Vanak, AT},
title = {Invasive woodlands and intruding dogs shape the structure of a mesocarnivore guild.},
journal = {Biological invasions},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {205},
pmid = {40918590},
issn = {1387-3547},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Whilst the impacts of individual invasive species are relatively well studied, the combined effects of both plant and animal invasive species on multispecies assemblages are poorly understood. We studied the impact of two invasive species-the mesquite tree, Neltuma juliflora, and free-ranging dog, Canis familiaris, on a guild of native mesocarnivores in the human-dominated grasslands of the Thar desert. We found that the mesquite had varying effects on the mesocarnivore guild, benefiting generalist species such as the golden jackal Canis aureus and jungle cat Felis chaus, while negatively affecting open habitat specialist species such as Indian desert fox Vulpes v. pusilla, Indian fox Vulpes bengalensis, and desert cat Felis lybica ornata. All mesocarnivores strongly avoided dogs along the spatial or temporal niche axis, likely to evade interference competition. The high prevalence of dogs in these landscapes could lead to the competitive exclusion of smaller native species, such as the Indian fox, resulting in a local decline in their population. Our study reveals significant impacts of both plant and animal invasive species on native mesocarnivores, altering their distribution and activity patterns, with potential consequences for long-term population persistence. We suggest control of mesquite in areas prioritised for conservation of open habitat specialists such as desert fox, Indian fox, and desert cat, and removal or restriction on the movement of dogs in sensitive wildlife habitats.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10530-025-03659-5.},
}
@article {pmid40916831,
year = {2025},
author = {Boyse, E and Clark, MS and Carr, IM and Cook, AJ and Archambault, P and Holloway, JE and Luo, Z and Milton, M and Roy, M and Dawson, J and Peck, VL},
title = {Expanding Monitoring Capacity for Potential Invasive Species in Arctic Canada With Environmental DNA Metabarcoding.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {e70452},
pmid = {40916831},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {NE/X002608/1//Canada-Inuit-United Kingdom Arctic Research Programme (CINUK)/ ; },
mesh = {*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Introduced Species ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; Animals ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Ships ; Biodiversity ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics/analysis ; },
abstract = {To date, environmental conditions have been enough to act as an effective barrier to prevent non-indigenous species from arriving and establishing in Arctic Canada. However, rapidly changing climatic conditions are creating more suitable habitats for non-indigenous species to potentially establish and become invasive. Concurrently, shipping traffic in parts of Arctic Canada has increased by over 250% since 1990, providing an effective vector for transporting non-indigenous species to the region. Arctic Canada has been historically undersampled, so Arctic biota inventories are incomplete, hampering efforts to establish if a species is new to the region (and potentially invasive) or newly discovered. In this study, we utilize environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and ships of opportunity to assess eukaryotic community composition and potential invasives along one of the busiest shipping routes, the Northwest Passage. One liter seawater samples were collected in triplicate at 27 locations, targeting touristic hotspots frequently visited by passenger vessels. Eukaryotic DNA was amplified from the 18S rRNA V9 and COI regions, resulting in 126 unique Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) detected with COI and 391 ASVs with 18S, providing an important snapshot of current community composition. Copepods, dinoflagellates, and diatoms were the most abundant taxonomic groups, correlating well with previous net sampler surveys, validating the efficacy of eDNA for biodiversity surveillance. We also report the first detections of a prolific invasive species, the bay barnacle (Amphibalanus improvisus), in Arctic Canada. Further work is currently in progress to establish whether these detections represent transient barnacle larvae or sessile adults capable of recruiting and reproducing. Our study demonstrates the utility of eDNA for the detection of non-indigenous species in a data-poor area, which, if combined with citizen science initiatives and local communities, could provide a vital monitoring tool for the detection of new invasives in this rapidly changing area.},
}
@article {pmid40914913,
year = {2025},
author = {McFarlane, GR and Whitaker, K and Plett, KL and O'Rourke, B and Bogema, DR},
title = {Optimising Guide RNA Production for Multiplexed Cas9-Targeted Nanopore Sequencing to Detect Pathogens.},
journal = {Molecular biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40914913},
issn = {1559-0305},
support = {A-023//Centre for Invasive Species Solutions/ ; },
abstract = {In agriculture, biosecurity, and human health, the rapid and accurate detection of pathogens and pests is crucial. Our study investigates the sensitivity and practicality of six guide RNA (gRNA) production methods for use in Nanopore Cas9-targeted sequencing (nCATS), focusing on their implications for multiplexed pathogen and pest detection. Each production method generated a library of eight gRNAs capable of excising ~ 1.6 kb fragments of the 5.8S_rRNA-ITS2-28S_rRNA regions of five economically significant wheat fungal pathogens. Through comparative analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of commercially synthesised and in-house in vitro-transcribed gRNAs, assessing their impact on sequencing enrichment outcomes. Our findings highlight differences amongst the methods in terms of gRNA yield, integrity, performance, and costs. Our best performing gRNA production method was able to successfully identify all target sequences across the 0.96 to 8.4 pg ranges we tested with coverage ranging from 66 to 2037X. This study highlights the challenges and opportunities in implementing nCATS for multiplexed pathogen and pest detection, offering insights into the development of cost-effective and reliable gRNA production strategies for nCATS.},
}
@article {pmid40913027,
year = {2025},
author = {Paudel, R and Fristoe, TS and Kinlock, NL and Davis, AJS and Zhao, W and Van Calster, H and Chytrý, M and Danihelka, J and Decocq, G and Ehrendorfer-Schratt, L and Guo, K and Guo, WY and Kaplan, Z and Pierce, S and Wild, J and Dawson, W and Essl, F and Kreft, H and Pergl, J and Pyšek, P and Winter, M and van Kleunen, M},
title = {Many plants naturalized as aliens abroad have also become more common within their native regions.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {8227},
pmid = {40913027},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {264740629//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 264740629//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 264740629//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; FZT 118, 202548816//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 432253815//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 202106100035//China Scholarship Council (CSC)/ ; 32301386//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 32171588//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 32471676//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; I 5825-B//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; },
mesh = {Europe ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Due to anthropogenic pressure some species have declined whereas others have increased within their native ranges. Simultaneously, many species introduced by humans have established self-sustaining populations elsewhere (i.e. have become naturalized aliens). Previous studies have shown that particularly plant species that are common within their native range have become naturalized elsewhere. However, how changes in native distributions correlate with naturalization elsewhere is unknown. We compare data on grid-cell occupancy of native vascular plant species over time for 10 European regions (countries or parts thereof). For nine regions, both early occupancy and occupancy change correlate positively with global naturalization success (quantified as naturalization in any administrative region and as the number of such regions). In other words, many plant species spreading globally as naturalized aliens are also expanding within their native regions. This implies that integrating data on native occupancy dynamics in invasion risk assessments might help prevent new invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40909902,
year = {2025},
author = {Lu, J and Qin, C and Huo, S and Wang, H and Norvienyeku, J and Miao, W and Liu, W},
title = {Characterization of Ganoderma pseudoferreum mitogenome revealed a remarkable evolution in genome size and composition of protein-coding genes.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1532782},
pmid = {40909902},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Red root disease in rubber trees, caused by Ganoderma pseudoferreum, is a prevalent and severe soil-borne disease in rubber tree cultivation areas. The pathogen exhibits complex infections, with multiple transmission pathways, making the disease highly concealed and difficult to diagnose in its early stages. As a result, prevention and control are challenging, posing a serious threat to rubber production. Currently, the relevant information, evolutionary trajectory, and sequence divergence of the mitochondrial genome of G. pseudoferreum remain unknown. Here, we assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of G. pseudoferreum,which is 40, 719 bp long and contains 14 protein-coding genes (PCGs), genes encoding small and large ribosomal subunits, 22 mitochondrial-encoded tRNAs, and four hypothetical proteins. The genomic content and characteristics, along with IPS mapping analysis and phylogenetic analysis, reveal a significant similarity between G. pseudoferreum and G. lingzhi. The results of RNA editing site analysis, codon usage bias and evolutionary pressure analysis reveal that during environmental adaptation, species of Ganoderma may alter certain key PCGs to adopt distinct evolutionary trajectories, differentiating themselves from other fungi in Basidiomycota, while leaving evolutionary traces. Our study provides new insights into the evolutionary direction and pattern of G. pseudoferreum and Ganoderma by exploring the evolutionary trajectory of mitochondrial genomes of G. pseudoferreum and Ganoderma.},
}
@article {pmid40909777,
year = {2025},
author = {Seok, S and McCollum, MT and Jacobsen, CM and Akbari, OS and Mathias, DK and Lee, Y},
title = {Pyrethroid Insecticide Resistance of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) across the Hawaiian Islands.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40909777},
issn = {2693-5015},
support = {R35 GM156217/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) are invasive species in the Hawaiian Islands as well as other islands of the Pacific and serve as the primary vectors of arboviruses like dengue virus. Despite its significance to public health, data on their insecticide resistance remains limited. Knowledge of the level of insecticide resistance is critical in developing effective mosquito control strategies, especially when an arboviral disease outbreak occurs.<br><br>METHODS: This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of Hawaiian Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti to permethrin, one of the commonly used pyrethroids. Genomic sequences of 93 Ae. albopictus samples from four Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i, O'ahu, Maui, and the Island of Hawai'i) were screened for non-synonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene (chromosome 3: 345,142,499 - 345,663,668). Phenotypic resistance to permethrin was assessed using a modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay on Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti collected from two socio-environmentally distinct sites.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 4,101 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the VGSC region of Ae. albopictus genomes from for Hawaiian Islands, 61 were classified as synonymous. No non-synonymous mutations were found, suggesting an absence of genotypic resistance to pyrethroids in these populations. In phenotypic assays, over 97% of Ae. albopictus and all Ae. aegypti individuals were knocked down within 10 minutes of permethrin exposure. These high knockdown rates indicate that both species remain phenotypically susceptible to permethrin.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first study reporting the phenotypic insecticide resistance profile of Hawaiian Aedes mosquitoes. Hawaiian populations of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti remain susceptible to pyrethroids, as demonstrated by the absence of VGSC mutations and high knockdown rates in permethrin bioassays. While no genotypic and phenotypic resistance was detected in these two Aedes species, monitoring for resistance in other mosquito species and through alternative mechanisms is needed.},
}
@article {pmid40908753,
year = {2025},
author = {Hodgson, OC and Stark, S and Schall, MK and Smith, GD and Smalling, KL and Wagner, T},
title = {Invasive predatory fish occupies highest trophic position leading to expansion of isotopic niches in a riverine food web.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {9},
pages = {e70180},
pmid = {40908753},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {NA22OAR4170119//Pennsylvania Sea Grant, Pennsylvania State University/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Food Chain ; *Introduced Species ; *Rivers ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; *Catfishes/physiology ; *Fishes/physiology ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; Carbon Isotopes ; },
abstract = {Invasive species are drivers of ecological change with the potential to reshape the structure and function of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The invasive flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) is an opportunistic predator that has established a rapidly growing population in the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, USA, since they were first detected in 2002. Although the predatory effects of invasive catfishes on native fish communities have been documented, the effects of invasion on riverine food webs are poorly understood. This study quantified the effects of invasive flathead catfish on the trophic position (TP) and isotopic niche of the river's food web by comparing invaded and non-invaded sites. In addition to flathead catfish, the food web components examined included crayfish, minnows, and two ecologically and socioeconomically important fish species: the smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). We found that flathead catfish occupied the highest TP, with a posterior mean TP of 3.08 (95% credible interval = [2.71, 3.42]), exceeding that of the two resident fish predators, the smallmouth bass and channel catfish. The TP of the resident channel catfish, which occupies a similar ecological niche, declined after flathead catfish invasion. In fact, there was a 0.92 posterior probability that channel catfish TP was lower in invaded sites than at non-invaded sites. Using a Bayesian bivariate ellipses analysis, we found overwhelming evidence of isotopic niche expansion and overlap for all components of the food web in the presence of flathead catfish. These findings support the "trophic disruption hypothesis," where an introduced species prompts resident species to change diets in an attempt to avoid competition and predation following invasion. Our results indicate that flathead catfish invasion is altering food web structure and energy flow in a large riverine ecosystem and contributes to the breadth of knowledge regarding how ecosystems may respond to the introduction of a large predatory fish species.},
}
@article {pmid40908511,
year = {2025},
author = {Rudak, A and Galera, H and Wódkiewicz, M},
title = {Is Poa annua a skin-changer? Annual-perennial life history shift enables the species to conquer Antarctica.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {9},
pages = {e70162},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70162},
pmid = {40908511},
issn = {1939-9170},
mesh = {Antarctic Regions ; Seasons ; *Climate Change ; Introduced Species ; Life History Traits ; },
abstract = {An extended lifespan of Poa annua may be of adaptive value during the invasion of harsh environments. Our aim was to investigate whether this trait is population-specific or general for the species. Individuals representing eight populations were cultivated under experimental conditions for two Antarctic growing seasons separated by polar winter conditions. Our experiment indicated that the species is capable of extending its life history toward perenniality regardless of population origin. Adventitious roots at the lower nodes were observed in overwintering plants from all the studied populations. We observed a similar response regardless of the source population. Plants exposed to stress from both climatic and edaphic conditions did not survive the simulated Antarctic winter. Plants grown in optimal gardening soil expressed a life history with vegetative growth during the first vegetation season and flowered and produced seeds only during their second growing season. P. annua may exhibit at least a two-year life cycle under harsh Antarctic conditions. This trait is general for the species and determines high survival potential, which may initiate an invasion breakout under climate change. Shifts in species life history traits should be considered in the management of alien species invasions occurring under harsh environments.},
}
@article {pmid40907967,
year = {2025},
author = {Callahan, HL and Duan, JJ and Tallamy, DW},
title = {Larval development and parasitism of emerald ash borer in Chionanthus virginicus (Oleaceae): Implications for biological control.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {5},
pages = {1096-1106},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf077},
pmid = {40907967},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//US Department of Energy/ ; 8010-22000-031D//USDA/ ; PPA 7721//Farm Bill/ ; # 23-8130-0971//APHIS/ ; //Agricultural Research Service/ ; //Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education/ ; //Department of Energy/ ; //Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/growth &amp; development/parasitology/physiology ; *Coleoptera/growth &amp; development/parasitology/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Oleaceae/growth &amp; development ; *Wasps/physiology ; Fraxinus ; },
abstract = {Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) across North America. In 2014, emerald ash borer was discovered attacking white fringetrees (Chionanthus virginicus L.) in Ohio, indicating a host range expansion. Since then, emerald ash borer activity in white fringetree has been confirmed in additional states, posing a potential threat to this native tree in natural and managed ecosystems. Though emerald ash borer can complete a full life cycle in white fringetree, there has been little research into the comparative success with which emerald ash borer develops in this novel host versus ash, or how introduced biocontrol agents will respond. We conducted laboratory and field infestations of white fringetree and ash in Delaware to compare the timing of emerald ash borer larval development and the associated response of larval parasitoids. In lab-infested white fringetree bolts, emerald ash borer developed slowly, with no larvae reaching the mature J-shaped larval stage (JL) during the 14-wk lab study, compared with all surviving larvae developing to the J-shaped larval stage in ash. Field results showed delayed emerald ash borer development and reduced survival in white fringetree, with just 1 larva out of 158 reaching the JL stage over 2 growing seasons. There was no parasitism of emerald ash borer larvae in lab- or field-infested white fringetree, likely because few larvae in this host reached instars suitable for larval parasitism. Overall, this study suggests that emerald ash borer populations in white fringetree are not self-sustaining, though further studies should be conducted using larger fringetree material, as small sizes may negatively impact larval survival.},
}
@article {pmid40906102,
year = {2025},
author = {Feng, S and Wang, X and Huang, L and Wang, J and Lin, L and Li, J and Dai, G and Cai, Q and Xu, H and Hui, Y and Ji, F},
title = {Assessment of Fish Community Structure and Invasion Risk in Xinglin Bay, China.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40906102},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {A total of 32 fish species were detected in Xinglin Bay using a combination of environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) and traditional morphological survey methods (TSM), covering eight orders, fifteen families, and twenty-six genera. The dominant order was Perciformes, accounting for 43.75% of the total species. Among the identified species, there were ten non-native fish species. Compared with the TSM, the eDNA detected 13 additional fish species, including two additional non-native fish species-Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853) and Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802). In addition, the relative abundance of fish from both methods revealed that tilapia was overwhelmingly dominant, accounting for 80.75% and 75.68%, respectively. Furthermore, the AS-ISK assessment revealed that all non-native fish species were classified as medium or high-risk, with five identified as high-risk species, four of which belong to tilapia. These findings demonstrated that tilapia are the dominant and high-risk invasive species in Xinglin Bay and should be prioritized for management. Population reduction through targeted harvesting of tilapia is recommended as the primary control strategy. Additionally, the study highlights the effectiveness of eDNA in monitoring fish community structure in brackish ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40904370,
year = {2025},
author = {Krabbenhoft, CA and Rogosch, JS and Rowland, FE},
title = {Long-Term Regime Shifts in Xeric Ecoregion Freshwater Fish Assemblages due to Anthropogenic and Climate Stressors.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {e72067},
pmid = {40904370},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Shifting climate regimes are projected to increase the area of xeric regions and result in more pronounced intermittency across river networks. Given these projected changes, we aim to understand the factors contributing to species persistence under increasing aridity. To investigate how changing flow regimes are related to changes in fish richness and assemblage composition, we compiled data from 1473 xeric stream sites in the United States and Australia. The temporal coverage of this dataset is more than 40 years, from 1980 to 2021. Our focus was on fishes occurring in xeric streams and included 191 species. We compiled climate, hydrologic, and fish species trait data to identify relationships between environmental drivers of species persistence and corresponding characteristics common to species in these systems and traits eliciting the strongest responses to environmental change. Our data show declines in overall precipitation in concert with increasing temperatures over the last several decades. Climatic shifts were accompanied by declines in discharge, increased zero-flow days, and longer durations of no-flow periods. In these same systems, an overall linear decline in fish species richness was observed, but it was not directly correlated with any hydrologic predictors. However, xeric species of conservation concern were small-bodied and occupied lower trophic levels than those not of concern. Listed species were primarily affected by multiple stressors, including habitat degradation and invasive species, compounded by a small geographic range. We thus propose a multiple stressors argument for the declines in xeric fish assemblages, something that may be exacerbated by climate alterations in the future. This work highlights a critical conservation need for xeric fishes and identifies taxa that are especially vulnerable to a combination of anthropogenic stressors and changing climates.},
}
@article {pmid40902778,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, C and Huang, Y and Ge, Z and Huang, S and Yu, S and Hu, J and Liu, M and Xiao, X},
title = {Continental-scale metabolomic fingerprint and antialgal activity of coastal invasive plant Spartina alterniflora: regional heterogeneity and driving factors.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {286},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {122741},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.122741},
pmid = {40902778},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Poaceae/metabolism/chemistry ; Metabolomics ; China ; *Metabolome ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Spartina alterniflora as a potential algaecide has invaded coastal ecosystems globally. However, the regional heterogeneity and driving factors of the metabolomic fingerprint in S. alterniflora are still unknown. In this study, S. alterniflora distributed ranging from 21.5 °N to 40.8 °N was investigated. By analyzing samples from diverse coastal ecosystems, we identified significant regional variations in the metabolomic profiles of S. alterniflora. The antialgal activity of S. alterniflora was further tested against the harmful algae. In general, S. alterniflora from Fujian showed the highest antialgal efficiency with IC50,3d of 0.121 g L[-1], whereas that from Shandong showed the lowest antialgal efficiency with IC50,3d of 0.204 g L[-1]. This was in line with the pattern of metabolomic profiles of S. alterniflora across a continental scale. Specifically, correlation analysis between metabolomic profiles and antialgal activity pointed to the key allelochemical-tricin. The structure equation model analysis revealed that tricin in S. alterniflora was primarily driven by soil total phosphorus and salinity. It is noteworthy that in eutrophic regions with high TP levels, S. alterniflora exhibits reduced tricin production, which elevates the risk of harmful algal blooms in these regions. This finding hinders a neglected "positive feedback loop" on earth that would threaten the balance of coastal aquatic ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40901937,
year = {2025},
author = {Goetz, EJ and Hull, PM and Varekamp, J and Thomas, E},
title = {Foraminifera as indicators of species invasion: Ammonia confertitesta in Long Island Sound.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {36},
pages = {eadv9447},
pmid = {40901937},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Foraminifera/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; New York City ; },
abstract = {Resolving timing of the invasion of nonindigenous species is difficult in estuarine settings, due to their pervasive history of anthropogenic disturbance. Many non-native marine taxa are not documented until after they have become invasive, leaving questions about invasion timing (first introduction and lag period), geographic origin, vectors and pathways, and cause(s) of success. Foraminifera, unicellular, calcareous-shelled eukaryotes, offer a unique way of analyzing past ecosystem structure because their fossilized shells provide a window into the past, and small size and abundance enable us to document distribution over time in core samples. We use records of Foraminifera to document the timing and history of establishment of an invasive species (Ammonia confertitesta) in Long Island Sound, east of New York City (USA). A. confertitesta was rare from the mid-19th century but did not proliferate until the mid-1970s. We hypothesize that increasing propagule pressure from the rapid increase in global ship traffic and ballast water was the main factor for its success.},
}
@article {pmid40900727,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, J and Bogar, TA and Hamer, MT and Guénard, B},
title = {Impacts of Single and Multiple Co-Existing Invasive Species on Subtropical Native Ant Communities.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {e72095},
pmid = {40900727},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Biological invasions pose a significant threat to ecosystem stability by altering the taxonomic and functional diversity of native communities. It is still uncertain, however, whether multiple invasive species have varying effects on native communities, or whether their interactions in a co-invasion scenario are antagonistic or facilitative. To address this gap, this study investigated 24 sampling sites in Hong Kong, encompassing single invasion, co-invasion, and non-invaded control scenarios across the dry and wet seasons. We systematically explored how the functional traits and invasion intensity of four invasive ant species (Anoplolepis gracilipes, Paratrechina longicornis, Pheidole megacephala, and Solenopsis invicta) shape the structure and function of native ant communities. In addition, we evaluated the ecological effects of co-invasion scenarios to determine how interactions between invaders affect communities. The results revealed that, for some invasive species, increased invasion intensity significantly reduced local species diversity and resulted in selective replacement and systematic loss of local species. The invasion intensity of three invasive species had significantly negative effects on functional diversity indices (e.g., RaoQ and FDiv), while in areas invaded by P. megacephala, the near absence of native species (present in ~4% of the pitfall traps) prevented analyses. Comparisons across non-invaded, single invasion, and co-invasion scenarios revealed distinct patterns: single invasions caused pronounced reductions in both functional and taxonomic diversity, whereas co-invasion scenarios exhibited more limited changes. Further analyses demonstrated that under specific circumstances, antagonistic interactions between co-invasive species could mitigate the negative effects on α-diversity and preserve ecosystem functions through functional substitution. Nevertheless, this dynamic equilibrium is fragile and unsustainable, underscoring the need to prioritize preventive and control strategies in invasive species management to safeguard ecosystem resilience.},
}
@article {pmid40900424,
year = {2026},
author = {Ferraro, KM and Whitehead, T},
title = {Rewilding relationships: Principles for forging relationships in social-ecological systems.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {263-279},
pmid = {40900424},
issn = {1654-7209},
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Rewilding deliberately forges new relationships within complex socio-ecological systems. Yet, many rewilding initiatives proceed without fully considering the multitude of relationships at play. In this paper, we advance a framework that reimagines rewilding as a relationship-centered process, emphasizing that success depends on fostering connections from individual to collective levels for humans and non-humans alike. To illustrate this, we focus on species (re)introductions, identifying the various collective and individual relationships that shape rewilding outcomes. We then propose five principles for effectively forging these relationships: (1) reconsider values and perceptions of nature; (2) embrace a collective and individual-oriented approach; (3) place local communities at the heart of rewilding initiatives; (4) cautiously revive lost relationships; and (5) strengthen the connection between science and policy. Our framework demonstrates that identifying and fostering these relationships is not just essential but transformative, paving the way for rewilding practitioners to create ethical, interconnected, and resilient socio-ecological systems.},
}
@article {pmid40898385,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, Z and Cui, M and Yu, H and Fan, X and Wu, X and Liu, S and Dai, Z and Ren, G and Du, D},
title = {Defense Responses of Native Plant Communities to Alien Plant Invasion.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {177},
number = {5},
pages = {e70492},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.70492},
pmid = {40898385},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {2024YFF1307500//the State Key Research Development Program of China/ ; BK20220030//Carbon peak and carbon neutrality technology innovation foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; 32271587//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32401311//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 23KJB180003//the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China/ ; KYCX25_4258//Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province/ ; //Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)/ ; //Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment/ ; KY-A-07//Special Scientific Research Project of the School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Plants/immunology ; Ecosystem ; Herbivory ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; },
abstract = {Understanding the mechanisms that facilitate the successful invasion of invasive plant species is essential for improving invasive species management and ensuring biosecurity. Traditional invasion ecology has primarily focused on the traits of invasive plants or the static characteristics of invaded communities, while comparatively overlooking the potential active responses of native plant communities during the invasion process. Drawing inspiration from the concept of "herd immunity" in medicine, this study proposes that native plant communities may develop a "community defense" response mechanism through a series of ecological defense processes. This article begins by reviewing the two principal pathways that trigger plant defense: pathogens and environmental changes, along with the mechanisms behind them. We then discuss the impact of plant defense responses on the invasiveness of alien species and the invasibility of native plant communities. Building on this, we explore four key mechanisms through which invasive plants may induce defense responses in native species: pathogens and herbivores, allelopathic substances, interspecific competition, and environmental conditions. Based on these insights, we propose "Plant community defense hypothesis," which posits that plant invasions can trigger defense responses in native plant communities that, in turn, influence community invasibility. Finally, the article provides an experimental design to test this hypothesis. This review highlights the understanding of dynamic responses in plant communities and introduces a novel theoretical pathway to explain invasion heterogeneity at the community level. It enriches invasion ecology and offers theoretical support for more targeted management of alien plants.},
}
@article {pmid40894495,
year = {2025},
author = {Yadav, S and Prajapati, HC and Sonkar, SP and Nigam, RS and Chandravanshi, R and Gupta, C},
title = {Innovations in natural dye production: bridging tradition and modern technology.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1568094},
pmid = {40894495},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Natural dyes have a rich historical significance, rooted in traditional practices that utilize plant materials, minerals, and organic substances to produce vibrant pigments. However, their use declined with the advent of synthetic dyes in the 19th century due to challenges in scalability, cost, and color consistency. Recent advancements in sustainability and modern technology have reignited interest in natural dyes, offering innovative solutions to overcome historical limitations. This review highlights traditional and contemporary extraction techniques, including solid-phase micro extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized-liquid extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Additionally, cutting-edge approaches such as grinding-assisted microwave irradiation and enzymatic extraction methods are examined for their ability to enhance yield, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. These modern techniques enable the utilization of unconventional sources, including agricultural waste and invasive species, thereby promoting sustainable dye.},
}
@article {pmid40892735,
year = {2025},
author = {Rosa, RM and Cavallari, DC and Miranda, MS and Silva, FS and Salvador, RB},
title = {Citizen science reveals alarming update on the invasion of the Asian mantleslug Meghimatium pictum in Brazil.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0330518},
pmid = {40892735},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Brazil ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; *Citizen Science ; *Gastropoda/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {The Asian mantleslug Meghimatium pictum is an exotic species introduced to Brazil in the late 1990s, but only formally reported in 2011. Since then, it has been deemed an agricultural pest and given the status of an invasive species; furthermore, it has been confirmed as an intermediate host for the nematode Angiostrongylus costaricensis in Brazil. Despite its potential for impacts, no additional studies on the status of its invasion have been conducted since the initial report. In this study, we used the citizen science platform iNaturalist to analyse the current distribution of M. pictum in Brazil, while also using genetic barcode data to understand the relationships between Brazilian and Asian populations and applying a species distribution model to investigate the suitable range for its distribution in Brazil. Our survey has recovered a total of 520 new records of this species in Brazil, confirming its spread to four additional states since its original report. Currently, M. pictum is recorded in the Distrito Federal and the states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests a close relationship between M. pictum populations in South America and those from Okinawa, Taiwan, and Guangzhou (mainland China), the latter being the most likely point of origin for the South American populations. Our species distribution model supports the idea that, in Brazil, the species is largely restricted to subtropical areas belonging to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion, while also showing suitable areas where the species has not been recorded yet and might become established in the near future. The implications of these findings are discussed, highlighting the recent surge in records and the usefulness of iNaturalist as a tool to monitor invasive species in the country.},
}
@article {pmid40890612,
year = {2025},
author = {Cucini, C and Funari, R and Marturano, G and Cardaioli, E and Marianelli, L and Paoli, F and Carapelli, A and Frati, F and Nardi, F},
title = {Behind the scenes of Popillia japonica integrated pest management: differentially expressed gene analysis following different control treatments.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {788},
pmid = {40890612},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera ; Introduced Species ; *Bacillus thuringiensis ; Insecticides ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins ; *Biological Control Agents ; *Metarhizium ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; *Pest Control ; Italy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica is an invasive pest that is creating a major concern due to its spread and damaging potential. Native to Japan, it was introduced in the U.S.A. and the Azores during the twentieth century, and in mainland Europe in 2014. P. japonica is able to attack more than 400 plant species, including some of high economic importance, and the possible losses related to uncontrolled expansion in Europe are substantial. Numerous control measures are being developed to control this pest, with a specific focus on Integrated Pest Management and environmentally safe strategies. Aiming for a genetically informed optimization of the design of these control methods, we studied the gene expression response of the pest following exposure to three different treatments: deltamethrin-coated long lasting insecticidal nets, Bacillus thuringiensis and Metarhizium robertsii spores.<br><br>RESULTS: The treatment with insecticidal nets resulted in the differential expression of genes related to Ca[2+] transport and CYP-based detoxification. Exposure to B. thuringiensis was associated with enrichment of gene ontology terms related to antimicrobial peptides and immune function, which suggested potential modulation of immune-related processes. Treatment with M. robertsii led to the production of antifungal peptides as well as an up-regulation of the Toll and MAPK pathways.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings can be variously interpreted as a response of the insect to minimize the effects of the treatment at the molecular level (e.g. Ca[2+] increase), as a direct attempt of the insect to combat the agent (e.g. antimicrobial peptides), or as part of a more complex interplay between the insect and the biological control agent (e.g. modulation of the immune system). In general terms, the response to the insecticidal nets and, partly, to B. thuringiensis, appears to arise from a direct interaction of the insecticide molecule, or toxin, with their targets at the molecular level. On the other hand, multiple gene pathways are modulated in the response to M. robertsii, suggesting a more diversified mode of action that impacts a broader spectrum of biological mechanisms, in line with the notion that the fungus actually grows and reproduces inside the insect host.},
}
@article {pmid40890415,
year = {2025},
author = {Laidoudi, Y and Davoust, B and Lepidi, H and Levasseur, A},
title = {Emergence of the zoonotic bacterium Necropsobacter rosorum in nutria Myocastor coypus with implications for wildlife and human health.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {32252},
pmid = {40890415},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Genome, Bacterial ; France/epidemiology ; *Pasteurellaceae/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification/pathogenicity ; Animals, Wild/microbiology ; *Zoonoses/microbiology ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; *Rodentia/microbiology ; *Bacterial Zoonoses/microbiology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The nutria (Myocastor coypus), a semi-aquatic rodent native to South America, poses significant ecological and agricultural threats as an invasive species in France, where it continues to proliferate despite sustained control efforts. A fatal case of pneumonia in a nutria from Marseille (France) prompted a microbiological investigation that led to the isolation, taxonomic classification, genomic characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of Necropsobacter rosorum. Whole-genome sequencing of the N. rosorum strain RG01 revealed a genome size of 2,505,657 base pairs and 2303 predicted open reading frames, showing high similarity to other publicly available N. rosorum genomes. Comparative pan-genomic analysis indicated a high level of genomic conservation among N. rosorum strains. The presence of putative virulence factors and a CRISPR-Cas system suggests both pathogenic potential and adaptive defense mechanisms against bacteriophage predation. This study also explored the genetic epidemiology of members of the Pasteurellaceae family, highlighting a considerable overlap between species infecting animals and humans. Among the 408,387 sequence records retrieved from GenBank, 62.1% were deemed suitable for genomic epidemiological analysis. Notably, N. rosorum was underrepresented, with only 13 entries spanning nine countries and three host types, revealing critical gaps in current surveillance and research. Collectively, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the microbiology and epidemiology of N. rosorum and Pasteurellaceae-associated infections, and underscore the importance of integrated, genomics-informed approaches for the monitoring, control, and prevention of zoonotic diseases.},
}
@article {pmid40890300,
year = {2025},
author = {Manzo, E and Epifanio, CS and Pahl, JF and Tomasello, S},
title = {Interspecific competition with the American Xanthium orientale L. as a possible cause of the decline of the Old-World X. stumarium L.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {32224},
pmid = {40890300},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Xanthium/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Biomass ; Germination ; Europe ; Seedlings/growth &amp; development ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; },
abstract = {Xanthium is represented in Europe by three species complexes: X. strumarium L., X. orientale L., and X. spinosum L. The former two complexes are similar, in both morphology and ecological requirements. Xanthium strumarium is native to the Old World, whereas X. orientale originates from America and was accidentally introduced into Europe about two centuries ago. Since then, it has colonized the whole continent, while the native congener has become increasingly rare.Over two years, we conducted competition experiments to assess the impact of the introduced X. orientale on the fitness of the native X. strumarium. Germination time, dry biomass, number of burs (pistillate flower heads) and bur biomass were measured as proxies of fitness. Xanthium strumarium was grown alone (control), together with conspecifics (intraspecific competition) or with X. orientale plants (interspecific competition). We also evaluated the allelopathic effect of X. orientale over X. strumarium, by watering Xanthium seedlings with exudate of X. orientale dry leaves.Growth and reproductive traits of X. strumarium were significantly lower in individuals growing in proximity of X. orientale compared to the control, whereas intraspecific competition has a lower but still significant effect. Xanthium orientale, although, germinates and grows faster than the Old-World congener, and under interspecific competition regime, X. strumarium produces significantly lower biomass, number of burs and bur biomass. Watering with exudates negatively influences the germination and the growth of the two species. We therefore believe that interspecific competition of the introduced congener may be one of the causes explaining the drastic decline of X. strumarium populations in Europe in the past century.},
}
@article {pmid40890183,
year = {2025},
author = {Malinowski, R and Krupiński, M and Skórka, P and Mikołajczyk, &#x141; and Chuda, K and Lenda, M},
title = {Harnessing remote sensing and machine learning techniques for detecting and monitoring the invasion of goldenrod invasive species.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {32222},
pmid = {40890183},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {952111//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; 2021/43/D/NZ9/02990//National Science Center, Poland/ ; 2021/43/D/NZ9/02990//National Science Center, Poland/ ; 2021/43/D/NZ9/02990//National Science Center, Poland/ ; 2021/43/D/NZ9/02990//National Science Center, Poland/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Remote Sensing Technology/methods ; *Machine Learning ; Ecosystem ; Poland ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Seasons ; Support Vector Machine ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species, such as goldenrods (Solidago spp.), pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services across Europe. Effective monitoring of these species is essential for early intervention and informed management, yet traditional ground surveys are often labor-intensive and limited in scale. This study aims to evaluate the potential of remote sensing and machine learning for detecting and monitoring Solidago spp. in Kampinos National Park, Poland, using multitemporal imagery from Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope satellites. We compared the performance of Random Forest and One-Class Support Vector Machine classifiers across 17 classification scenarios incorporating spectral bands, vegetation indices, and temporal statistics. Our results showed that Random Forest consistently outperformed One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) by 1%-15%, achieving the highest F1-score of 0.98 using multitemporal Sentinel-2 data and 2%-29% using PlanetScope imagery. Sentinel-2 data, with its broader spectral range, provided better large-scale detection accuracy, while PlanetScope's higher spatial resolution enhanced local detail. Goldenrod patches are distinctive even in autumn and winter due to living or dry biomass that persists the whole year. In our study autumn imagery (October-November) yielded the most reliable detection due to distinct phenological characteristics of Solidago during this period. Importantly, our analysis demonstrates that the added complexity of vegetation indices does not necessarily improve classification accuracy for goldenrod detection. Our findings present high-accuracy invasive species monitoring approach and highlight the critical role of phenological timing in remote sensing-based ecological assessments.},
}
@article {pmid40889914,
year = {2025},
author = {Wen, TT and Zhao, XL and Qu, YY and Xu, WB and Ma, ZC and Yan, P},
title = {Species composition and distribution pattern of invasive plants in the Ili River Valley region, China.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {36},
number = {7},
pages = {2039-2045},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202507.005},
pmid = {40889914},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Asteraceae/growth &amp; development/classification ; Rivers ; *Biodiversity ; Fabaceae/growth &amp; development/classification ; Amaranthaceae/growth &amp; development/classification ; *Plants/classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {To understand the species composition and distribution patterns of alien invasive plants within the Ili River Valley region, we conducted field investigations and specimen collections from 2022 to 2024 using route survey methods. Combined with digital herbarium data and literature review, we clarified the species composition of invasive alien plants in this region and analyzed their floristic geographic elements, life forms, origins, invasion pathways, invasion grades, and distribution patterns. There were 58 invasive plant species in the region, belonging to 38 genera and 18 families. The dominant families were Asteraceae (13 species), Fabaceae (9 species), and Amaranthaceae (6 species). The geographic floristic elements of the 38 genera could be classified into 7 types and 2 subtypes, with temperate geographic elements (64.3%) being predominant. Life forms were mainly annual herbs (34 species, 58.6%), followed by perennial herbs (14 species, 24.1%). Most invasive plants originated from America and Europe (61.1%), followed by Asia and Africa. Regarding invasion pathways, 39.7% were intentionally introduced, 56.9% unintentionally introduced, and only 3.4% spread naturally. Invasion grade analysis revealed 24 species (41.4%) showing significant invasiveness, with grade 1 (5 species) and grade 2 (14 species) being predominant, indicating a relatively severe overall invasion status. The geographical distribution of invasive alien plants in the Ili River Valley region was uneven, exhibiting significant spatial variations, with Xinyuan County being the most severely affected.},
}
@article {pmid40888481,
year = {2026},
author = {Ouyang, X and Lu, T and Pan, J and Sun, Q},
title = {The role of climate change in shaping the distribution patterns of Hylurgus ligniperda and its key natural enemies.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {193-205},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70178},
pmid = {40888481},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Start-up Funds Research for Northwest A&amp;F University (Grant no. Z1090124092)/ ; //GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant no. 2023A1515110856)/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Animal Distribution ; Europe ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; North America ; *Food Chain ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Accurate knowledge of the spatial distribution of invasive alien species is crucial for effective prevention, management, and ecological sustainability. Hylurgus ligniperda, a major forest pest native to Europe, has spread globally via wood packaging and logs, yet predictive studies investigating both this pest and its natural enemies remain scarce. This study aimed to predict the potential geographic distributions of H. ligniperda and its three key natural enemies-Platysoma lineare, Thanasimus formicarius and Platysoma oblongum-and to assess their ecological niche overlaps under current and future climate scenarios.<br><br>RESULTS: Using the Biomod2 ensemble model, we identified overlapping distributions mainly in Europe and North America. Niche shifts in invaded areas were shown to increase the global invasion risk. In the future, the suitable habitat for H.&#x2009;ligniperda will remain relatively stable, whereas the highly suitable habitat for this species will decline. The suitable habitat for P.&#x2009;lineare will gradually shrink, whereas that for P.&#x2009;oblongum will first expand and then shrink. The suitable habitat for T.&#x2009;formicarius will expand overall, whereas the highly suitable habitat for this species will shrink. Structural equation modeling revealed that precipitation significantly influences species distributions and their overlaps. Precipitation and temperature mediated both positive and negative interactions between H.&#x2009;ligniperda and its natural enemies, suggesting complex interspecific dynamics under climate change.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides an integrated prediction of the distributions of H.&#x2009;ligniperda and its natural enemies under different climate change scenarios, revealing shifting interactions and distribution overlaps. These findings highlight the importance of strengthened quarantine and management strategies to mitigate the spread of H.&#x2009;ligniperda and support biological control under future climatic variation. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40887676,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, WQ and Zhu, JS and Nie, F and Li, X},
title = {Population structure and dynamics of Glyptostrobus pensilis plantation in Zhuzhou Island of Doumen, Zhuhai.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {36},
number = {8},
pages = {2279-2286},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202508.001},
pmid = {40887676},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {China ; Population Dynamics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Islands ; *Ecosystem ; Forests ; *Trees/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Glyptostrobus pensilis, a monotypic relict tree species endemic to China, has extremely sparse populations in the wild. The world's largest natural G. pensilis forest is distributed in the Zhuzhou Island Glyptostrobus Forest Nature Reserve, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. However, artificial plantations of G. pensilis currently exhibit significant decline. To clarify the survival status and dynamic characteristics of G. pensilis populations, we constructed age structure diagrams, compiled static life tables, and applied survival function analysis and time series prediction to analyze population dynamics and driving mechanisms, aiming to provide a scientific basis for conservation and management. The results showed that the artificial G. pensilis population exhibited a "bell-shaped" structure, with fewer juvenile and elderly individuals, and the highest number observed in age class V (20 cm≤DBH<25 cm). Understory natural regeneration was severely limited. The static life table indicated that mortality and disa-ppearance rates initially increased and then decreased, peaking at age class Ⅵ (25 cm≤DBH＜30 cm) and age class Ⅹ (DBH≥45 cm), respectively. Life expectancy declined with increasing age class, and the survival curve aligned with the Deevey-Ⅱ type. Spectral analysis demonstrated significant periodic fluctuations in population dynamics, dominated by the fundamental wave A1 and driven by the third harmonic, with age class V (20 cm≤DBH<25 cm) identified as the critical fluctuation phase. Time series prediction showed that population size increased during age classes Ⅱ-Ⅳ, reaching maximum size at class V, followed by a continuous decline from age classes Ⅵ-Ⅷ onward. Although the population temporarily maintained growth, long-term survival risks arose from insufficient juvenile recruitment, environmental stochasticity, and physiological senescence. To enhance population resilience, the following conservation strategies are recommended, inlcuding artificial propagation, habitat restoration, and invasive species control.},
}
@article {pmid40886744,
year = {2025},
author = {Salazar, AR and Rypstra, AL},
title = {Behavioural variation in the invasive cellar spider Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae).},
journal = {Behavioural processes},
volume = {231},
number = {},
pages = {105259},
doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105259},
pmid = {40886744},
issn = {1872-8308},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spiders/physiology ; Male ; Female ; *Behavior, Animal/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Cues ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; },
abstract = {Behaviours such as boldness and exploration are highly plastic and as such, we expect differences between populations, especially for invasive species. In particular, populations at the leading edge of an invasion front may display differences in these behaviours relative to long established core populations as they are often key to their dispersal and invasion success. Likewise, in species with sexual dimorphism, the importance of these behaviours to invasion success may differ for males and females. Here we report on an invasive cellar spider, Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae), that is expanding westward across the United States. We investigated whether boldness in response to simulated predator cues (physical and airborne disturbances) and exploration of a novel environment varied across P. manueli's invasive range and between males and females. We found significant differences in the reaction to the simulated predator cues, but not in exploration. Although there was variation between the leading edge and core, the greatest differences lay between males and females from core populations when exposed to a puff of air. We additionally investigated whether females would be less selective of a potential mate at the leading edge. We found marginal support for this and uncovered interesting details regarding P. manueli's mating system, wherein smaller females were more likely to mate than large ones. Overall, we found boldness and mating behaviour differences between the leading edge and core, but our data suggest greater differences lay between the sexes.},
}
@article {pmid40884858,
year = {2026},
author = {Afonso, I and Lobo-Arteaga, J and Kakkonen, JE and Chainho, P},
title = {Optimizing sampling design for monitoring non-indigenous species in coastal recreational marinas: Insights from the Tagus estuary case study.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {118607},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118607},
pmid = {40884858},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Estuaries ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Animals ; Portugal ; *Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; Recreation ; *Aquatic Organisms ; },
abstract = {The absence of effective monitoring and management measures will lead to a larger impact of Non-Indigenous Species (NIS). To develop appropriate monitoring programs to assess NIS spatial and temporal trends it is crucial to understand the influence of different local scale factors for their establishment and detection. This study aims to identify the best sampling design for monitoring NIS and detecting new introductions in transitional areas using the Tagus estuary (Portugal) as a case study by comparing results obtained i) in four different marinas located along an estuarine gradient, ii) collected in two different years (2016 and 2022), iii) using different sampling methods (scraping and Rapid Assessment Survey - RAS and iv) using a different number of replicates (24 and 4). Results showed an increase in NIS number and abundance from 2016 to 2021, but seasonal effects cannot be excluded. Although the marina size, used as proxy of the propagule pressure, influenced NIS richness and abundance, the location of these marinas in the estuarine gradient seems to have the highest influence on invasiveness levels. The results based on different sampling efforts indicate that the minimum number of replicates required will depend on the goal but four replicate samples collected by scrapping in different areas of the estuarine gradient seem to be a balanced sampling effort to detect NIS trends in 6 years evaluation periods, as required by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).},
}
@article {pmid40881729,
year = {2025},
author = {Fousséni, F and Maza-Esso, BD and Wouyo, A and Bilouktime, B and Šinžar-Sekulić, J and Kperkouma, W and Komlan, B and Koffi, A},
title = {Floristic diversity and assessment of the conservation status of Togo's plant species.},
journal = {PhytoKeys},
volume = {261},
number = {},
pages = {211-232},
pmid = {40881729},
issn = {1314-2011},
abstract = {Regular updates of floristic lists are essential for assessing the state of flora, identifying threatened species, and guiding conservation actions. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the floristic diversity and conservation status of plant species across selected ecological zones in Togo. A total of 121 plots, with areas determined based on the types of vegetation formations, were randomly selected from a systematic grid of points spaced 5 km apart, generated using QGIS 3.24.1 and overlaid on Togo's map. A total of 498 plant species distributed across 337 genera and 92 families were recorded. The most represented families were Fabaceae (86 species) and Poaceae (48 species). Biological types were dominated by microphanerophytes (25.7%) and nanophanerophytes (18.67%), followed by therophytes (15.06%). Species from the Guineo-Congolian/Sudano-Zambesian transition zone (34.54%) were the most widespread, followed by Guineo-Congolian (23.09%) and Sudano-Zambesian (29.89%) regions. The distribution of species by ecological zones showed high diversity in Zone III. A total of 09 threatened species, 48 invasive and/or alien species, 31 agroforestry species, and 23 soil-fertility-enhancing species were identified. This study provides a rapid and updated understanding of the state of flora. The study emphasizes the urgency for ongoing floristic monitoring and the need for targeted conservation strategies to mitigate threats posed by anthropogenic pressures and invasive species. These findings provide a critical understanding of Togo's flora, guiding effective conservation actions.},
}
@article {pmid40884707,
year = {2025},
author = {Abreu, GS and Dos Santos, GS and Nogueira, DB and Braz, GF and Soares, RR and Guimarães, NS and de Souza, GO and Brasileiro, CA and Neto, JSF and Heinemann, MB},
title = {Invasive whistling frogs (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei) act as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Latin America's most populous city.},
journal = {Veterinary research communications},
volume = {49},
number = {5},
pages = {295},
pmid = {40884707},
issn = {1573-7446},
support = {24/17243-8//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 2020/12//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 302899/2022//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 310462/2021//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Brazil/epidemiology ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; *Disease Reservoirs/microbiology/veterinary ; Introduced Species ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/veterinary/microbiology/epidemiology ; *Anura/microbiology ; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; *Ranidae/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Invasive species represent a significant threat to ecological balance and the maintenance of native populations. Besides, these have been associated with the emergence of pathogens of public health importance, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to screen and describe the antimicrobial resistance profile of clinically important Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from whistling frogs (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei), an invasive anuran species in São Paulo, Brazil. Clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae strains (n = 35) were isolated from oral and skin swabs of 19 whistling frogs and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance encoding genes. Resistance to amoxicillin + clavulanate and cefoxitin were the most frequent (16.67%; 4/24), followed by cefotaxime (5.71%; 2/35), ceftriaxone (2.86%; 1/35), and tetracycline (2.86%; 1/35). Among the antimicrobial resistance genes screened, blaCTX-M group 8, blaTEM, and blaCMY were identified. The whole genome of the blaCTX-M group 8-positive E. coli strain was assessed and confirmed blaCTX-M-8 presence and phylogenetic analysis. Given the synanthropic behavior of whistling frogs, these amphibians may act as carriers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid40883959,
year = {2025},
author = {Junod, MF and Cordero, I and Chinn, N and Firn, J and Holmes, J and Klein, M and Lebbink, G and Nielsen, UN and Schütz, M and Zimmermann, S and Risch, AC},
title = {Herbivory mediates the response of below-ground food webs to invasive grasses.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {10},
pages = {2103-2117},
pmid = {40883959},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {DP190100500//Australian Research Council Discovery Grant/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Food Chain ; *Poaceae/physiology ; *Grassland ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Below-ground food webs in grasslands are affected by both above-ground herbivory and invasive plant species. However, the combined effects of these factors on soil organisms and their interactions with plant communities remain poorly understood. We investigated how the invasive African lovegrass (ALG) influenced below-ground food webs in south-eastern Australian grasslands under different herbivory regimes. Using experimental exclosures, we established four treatments varying in herbivore presence (all animals present, non-native mammals excluded, all mammals excluded, all above-ground dwelling animals excluded) across sites dominated either by native kangaroo grass (KG; native sites) or co-dominated by KG and ALG (invaded sites). After 4 years, our results revealed that invasive grasses significantly altered the abundance and structure of soil bacteria, fungi, nematodes, arthropods and earthworms. These effects intensified along the gradient of herbivore exclusion. In parallel with herbivore exclusion, accumulated plant litter shifted decomposition from bacterial to fungal-dominated, driven by changes in soil temperature, moisture and substrate, ultimately reshaping the soil biota assemblages. Herbivory, particularly by both native and non-native mammals, mitigated many of the adverse impacts of grass species invasion, with native and non-native mammals acting additively. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between invasive grasses and herbivory, emphasising the importance of integrated management strategies to maintain the ecological balance of grassland ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40872786,
year = {2025},
author = {Girardi, DL and Miranda, TS and Cosentino, MAC and de Sá, CC and Francisco, TM and Afonso, BC and Soffiati, FL and Ferreira, SS and Moreira, SB and Pissinatti, A and Ruiz-Miranda, CR and Romano, V and Soares, MA and D'arc, M and Santos, AF},
title = {Simian Foamy Virus Prevalence and Evolutionary Relationships in Two Free-Living Lion Tamarin Populations from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40872786},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {E-26/211.355/221//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/ ; E-26/201.193/2022//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/ ; 309850/2020-7//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil/epidemiology ; *Leontopithecus/virology ; Phylogeny ; *Simian foamy virus/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; *Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology/veterinary/virology ; Prevalence ; *Monkey Diseases/virology/epidemiology ; Viral Load ; Evolution, Molecular ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {Simian foamy virus (SFV) is a retrovirus that infects primates. However, epidemiological studies of SFV are often limited to captive populations. The southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest is home to both an endemic, endangered species, Leontopithecus rosalia, and an introduced species, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, to which no data on SFV exist. In this study, we assessed the molecular prevalence of SFV, their viral load, and their phylogenetic relationship in these two species of primates. Genomic DNA was extracted from 48 oral swab samples of L. chrysomelas and 102 of L. rosalia. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to diagnose SFV infection and quantify viral load. SFV prevalence was found to be 23% in L. chrysomelas and 33% in L. rosalia. No age-related differences in prevalence were observed; however, L. rosalia showed a higher mean viral load (3.27 log10/10[6] cells) compared to L. chrysomelas (3.03 log10/10[6] cells). The polymerase gene sequence (213 pb) of L. rosalia (SFVlro) was clustered within a distinct SFV lineage found in L. chrysomelas. The estimated origin of SFVlro dated back approximately 0.0836 million years ago. Our study provides the first molecular prevalence data for SFV in free-living Leontopithecus populations while offering insights into the complex evolutionary history of SFV in American primates.},
}
@article {pmid40872217,
year = {2025},
author = {Pereira, DT and Alarcón, FG and Alarcón, MG and Celis-Plá, PSM and Figueroa, FL},
title = {Effects of Seawater Polyphenols from Gongolaria usneoides on Photosynthesis and Biochemical Compounds of the Invasive Alien Species Rugulopteryx okamurae (Phaeophyceae, Heterokontophyta).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {16},
pages = {},
pmid = {40872217},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {PID2020-116136RB-I00//Spanish State Research Agency, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spanish Government/ ; 'NUVAPY-BLUE' HORIZON-MSCA-2022-101106349//European Union/ ; },
abstract = {Gongolaria usneoides is a native brown alga in Europa, known for its high release of phenolics into the water. Rugulopteryx okamurae is a native brown macroalga from Asia but invasive in Europe, causing significant environmental and socioeconomic impacts. It has been observed that in some regions where Gongolaria is present, there is less biomass of Rugulopteryx, and they are often epiphytized by red filamentous algae. The present study aimed to analyze whether phenolics released in the seawater by G. usneoides affect the photosynthetic and biochemical responses in R. okamurae. To analyze the resilience of R. okamurae, algae were cultivated for 5 days in water with different percentages of phenolics released by G. usneoides (exposure phase) (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 µg mL[-1]) in laboratory (20 °C, a 12:12 photoperiod, and PAR 190 µmol photons m[-2] s[-1] for a period of 115 h) and a period in the sun (4 h), followed 2 days cultured under phenolic-free water (recovery phase). Photosynthetic characteristics (Fv/Fm and ETR) and biochemical composition (phenolic, antioxidant activity, C, N and S) were measured (R. okamurae showed considerable photosynthetic declines without recovery when exposed to high concentrations of phenolics (225 and 300 µg mL[-1]). It can be inferred that the presence of G. usneoides in nature and the release of phenolic compounds by this alga may be affecting the invasive alga R. okamurae, potentially serving as a natural means to decrease or weaken the invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40872138,
year = {2025},
author = {Wei, C and Tang, S and Li, X and Pan, Y and Zhou, L},
title = {Priority Effects Favor Invasive Bidens frondosa over Its Native Congener Bidens biternata, While Late Arrival Incurs Higher Costs.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {16},
pages = {},
pmid = {40872138},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {32260336//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2025GXNSFAA069606//Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province/ ; 23010//Fundamental Research Funds for Guangxi Institute of Botany/ ; },
abstract = {Priority effects-the phenomenon where early-arriving species influence the establishment, growth, and reproduction of later-arriving species during community assembly-play a critical role in determining the invasion success of exotic species. However, how priority effects are influenced by nitrogen (N) availability remains understudied. The invasive species Bidens frondosa has rapidly expanded its range in China over the past few years. Yet it remains unclear how priority effects in B. frondosa versus native species may mediate invasion success, as well as how nutrient levels may alter these effects. Addressing these questions is essential for understanding the mechanisms driving B. frondosa invasion and for developing effective management strategies. In a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the planting order of B. frondosa and its native congener B. biternata, then measured the growth and competitiveness of B. frondosa and B. biternata in both control and N addition treatments. Planting order greatly impacted the growth and competitiveness of both B. frondosa and B. biternata. Early arrival had more positive effects on B. frondosa than B. biternata, while late arrival more strongly inhibited B. frondosa than B. biternata. For B. frondosa, priority effects lessened with nitrogen addition, but the opposite occurred for B. biternata. Thus, priority effects may favor B. frondosa invasion, while late arrival, particularly under nitrogen addition, may curb its spread. As such, sowing early-germinating native species represents a useful management strategy for controlling B. frondosa invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40870630,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, W and Zhao, J and Zhu, D and Wang, Z and Song, M and Chen, T and Liang, T and Shi, J},
title = {YOLO-PTHD: A UAV-Based Deep Learning Model for Detecting Visible Phenotypic Signs of Pine Decline Induced by the Invasive Woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera, Siricidae).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40870630},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2023YFE0116200//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; QNTD202510//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
abstract = {Sirex noctilio is an invasive pest that contributes to pine tree decline, leading to visual symptoms such as needle discoloration, crown thinning, and eventual tree death. Detecting these visible phenotypic signs from drone imagery is challenging due to elongated or irregular crown shapes, weak color differences, and occlusion within dense forests. This study introduces YOLO-PTHD, a lightweight deep learning model designed for detecting visible signs of pine decline in UAV images. The model integrates three customized components: Strip-based convolution to capture elongated tree structures, Channel-Aware Attention to enhance weak visual cues, and a scale-sensitive dynamic loss function to improve detection of minority classes and small targets. A UAV-based dataset, the Sirex Woodwasp dataset, was constructed with annotated images of weakened, and dead pine trees. YOLO-PTHD achieved an mAP of 0.923 and an F1-score of 0.866 on this dataset. To evaluate the model's generalization capability, it was further tested on the Real Pine Wilt Disease dataset from South Korea. Despite differences in tree symptoms and imaging conditions, the model maintained strong performance, demonstrating its robustness across different forest health scenarios. Field investigations targeting Sirex woodwasp in outbreak areas confirmed that the model could reliably detect damaged trees in real-world forest environments. This work demonstrates the potential of UAV-based visual analysis for large-scale phenotypic surveillance of pine health in forest management.},
}
@article {pmid40870619,
year = {2025},
author = {Kayattukandy Balan, R and George, S and Pines, G and Li, D and Gunawardana, D and Puthigae, S},
title = {Species-Specific Real-Time PCR Assay for Rapid Identification of Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillet (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Other Closely Related Fruit Fly Species.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40870619},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Fruit flies that belong to the genus Zeugodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) pose significant threats as invasive pests of agricultural crops in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The intensification of transboundary trade in fresh horticultural produce has increased the risk of introducing invasive species such as fruit flies, more so through the inadvertent transport of their immature developmental stages. Such immature stages of fruit flies belonging to the Tephritidae family are frequently intercepted at the international borders worldwide and are unable to be identified to the species level using morphological characteristics. Molecular identification using mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene has proven to be quite useful, as they are not constrained by developmental stages, sex, or colour morphs of the pest species in question. Also, real-time PCR-based species-specific assays offer quicker turnaround time since they do not require any post-PCR procedures. This study evaluated the utility of a real-time PCR assay based on the COI gene region to identify Zeugodacus cucurbitae from other Tephritid species. The developed real-time PCR assay provides a swift and precise way of discriminating between these highly invasive pest species during an interception event for rapid decision making. High specificity, having no cross-reactions with closely related Tephritids, and sensitivity of the developed assay will be extremely useful in discriminating Z. cucurbitae from other closely related fruit fly species. Z. cucurbitae-specific real-time PCR developed in this study is appropriate for organizations that carry out routine diagnostics to facilitate fresh produce imports and exports. Our assay is fully optimized for rapid deployment at international borders, offering reliable detection of the target species regardless of developmental stage, sex, or geographic origins.},
}
@article {pmid40870608,
year = {2025},
author = {Kanzaki, N and Kobayashi, K and Hamaguchi, K and Fujimori, Y},
title = {Nesting and Hibernation Host Preference of Bamboo Carpenter Bee, Xylocopa (Biluna) tranquebarorum tranquebarorum, and Arthropods Co-Habiting and Re-Using the Bee Nest.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40870608},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The bamboo carpenter bee, Xylocopa (Biluna) tranquebarorum tranquebarorum, is native to continental China and Taiwan, and the species invaded Japan around 2006. The bee utilizes bamboo culm for its nesting and hibernation, thereby causing structural damage to bamboo fencing and sting injuries to humans. Serious economic and ecological impacts were not expected in the early stage of its invasion. However, its distribution is rapidly expanding in Japan, and thus, its potential impacts need to be evaluated. Since the basic biology of the bee has not been examined in detail, even in its natural range, we examined the basic biology of X. t. tranquebarorum in its invasive range by evaluating its nesting preference and hibernation in several bamboo species collections in Kyoto, Japan. The field survey revealed that the bee prefers dead bamboo internodes with approximately16-28 mm of external diameter, which is well-congruent with previous studies, and does not have strict preference concerning the bamboo species, though the bee prefers Bambusa multiplex and Phyllostachys spp. in its native range. The hibernating bees in the culm sometimes share their nests with other invertebrates, including Anterhynchium gibbifrons, Dinoderus japonicus, Crematogaster matsumurai, unidentified spiders, shield bugs, and lepidopteran larvae. Within these co-habitants, the former two possibly negatively affect nesting and hibernation of the bees.},
}
@article {pmid40870590,
year = {2025},
author = {Shih, CH and Song, CE and Wang, SF and Lin, CC},
title = {Feature Selection Framework for Improved UAV-Based Detection of Solenopsis invicta Mounds in Agricultural Landscapes.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40870590},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {MOST111-2823-8-018-001//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ant (RIFA; Solenopsis invicta) is an invasive species that severely threatens ecology, agriculture, and public health in Taiwan. In this study, the feasibility of applying multispectral imagery captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to detect red fire ant mounds was evaluated in Fenlin Township, Hualien, Taiwan. A DJI Phantom 4 multispectral drone collected reflectance in five bands (blue, green, red, red-edge, and near-infrared), derived indices (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI, soil-adjusted vegetation index, SAVI, and photochemical pigment reflectance index, PPR), and textural features. According to analysis of variance F-scores and random forest recursive feature elimination, vegetation indices and spectral features (e.g., NDVI, NIR, SAVI, and PPR) were the most significant predictors of ecological characteristics such as vegetation density and soil visibility. Texture features exhibited moderate importance and the potential to capture intricate spatial patterns in nonlinear models. Despite limitations in the analytics, including trade-offs related to flight height and environmental variability, the study findings suggest that UAVs are an inexpensive, high-precision means of obtaining multispectral data for RIFA monitoring. These findings can be used to develop efficient mass-detection protocols for integrated pest control, with broader implications for invasive species monitoring.},
}
@article {pmid40870580,
year = {2025},
author = {Alzate, C and Calixto, ES and Paula-Moraes, SV},
title = {Flight Phenology of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1781) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Its Native Range: A Baseline for Managing an Emerging Invasive Pest.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40870580},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {Checkoff//Florida Peanut/ ; National Institute of Food and Agriculture//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; AWD10734//Crop Plant Protection Program EIP/ ; 06420//Hatch MS FLA-WFC/ ; 06203//Hatch FLA-WFC/ ; },
abstract = {Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1781) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest with a broad host range and growing relevance due to its high dispersal capacity, recent invasions into Africa and Asia, and documented resistance to biological insecticides. Here, we assessed S. eridania flight phenology and seasonal dynamics in the Florida Panhandle, using pheromone trapping data to evaluate population trends and environmental drivers. Moths were collected year-round, showing consistent patterns across six consecutive years, including two distinct annual flight peaks: an early crop season flight around March, and a more prominent flight peak during September-October. Moth abundance followed a negative quadratic relationship with temperature, with peak activity occurring between 15 °C and 26 °C. No significant relationship was found with precipitation or wind. These results underscore the strong influence of abiotic factors, particularly temperature, on seasonal abundance patterns of this species. Our findings offer key insights by identifying predictable periods of high pest pressure and the environmental conditions that drive population increases. Understanding the flight phenology and behavior of this species provides an ultimate contribution to the development of effective IPM and insect resistance management (IRM) programs, promoting the development of forecasting tools for more effective, timely pest management interventions.},
}
@article {pmid40867566,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodrigues, T and Barroso, RA and Campos, A and Almeida, D and Guardiola, FA and Turkina, MV and Antunes, A},
title = {Unveiling the Bioactive Potential of the Invasive Jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata Through Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40867566},
issn = {2218-273X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Scyphozoa/genetics/metabolism ; *Proteomics/methods ; *Transcriptome ; Introduced Species ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; *Cnidarian Venoms/genetics/metabolism/chemistry ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Proteome ; },
abstract = {The white-spotted jellyfish, Phyllorhiza punctata, is an invasive species with significant ecological and economic relevance spreading across various regions. While its ecological impact is well-documented, its molecular and biochemical characteristics remain poorly understood. In this study, we integrate proteomic data generated by LC-MS/MS with publicly available transcriptomic information to characterize P. punctata, analyzing differential protein expression across three distinct tissues: oral arms, mantle, and gonads. A total of 2764 proteins and 25,045 peptides were identified, including several venom components such as jellyfish toxins (JFTs) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which were further investigated and compared to toxins from other species. Enrichment analyses revealed clear tissue-specific functions. Additionally, deep learning and machine learning tools identified 274 promising AMP candidates, including the α-helical, β-sheet, and αβ-motif peptides. This dataset provides new insights into the protein composition of P. punctata and highlights strong AMP candidates for further characterization, underscoring the biotechnological potential of underexplored cnidarian species.},
}
@article {pmid40881037,
year = {2025},
author = {Malik, IH and Ford, JD and Winters, I and Hunter, B and Flowers, N and Quincey, D and Flowers, K and Flowers, M and Coombs, D and Foltz-Vincent, C and Barrand, NE and Way, RG},
title = {Monitoring climate change impacts, Indigenous livelihoods and adaptation: Perspectives from Inuit community of Hopedale, Nunatsiavut, Canada.},
journal = {Cambridge prisms. Coastal futures},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {e10},
pmid = {40881037},
issn = {2754-7205},
abstract = {The Arctic is at the forefront of climate change, undergoing some of the most rapid environmental transformations globally. Here, we examine the impacts of climate change on the livelihoods in the coastal Inuit community of Hopedale, Nunatsiavut, Canada. The study examines recently evolved adaptation strategies employed by Inuit and the challenges to these adaptations. We document changing sea ice patterns, changing weather patterns and the impact of invasive species on food resources and the environment. Utilising knowledge co-production and drawing upon Indigenous knowledge, we monitor the changes and multiple stresses through direct observations, engagement with rights holders and community experiences to characterise climate risks and associated changes affecting livelihoods. We use both decolonising research and participatory methodologies to develop collaboration and partnership, ensuring that monitoring reflects local priorities and realities while also fostering trust and collaboration. We showcase that monitoring environmental trends involves more than data collection; it includes observing and analysing how environmental changes affect community well-being, particularly in terms of food security, cultural practices, economic activities, mental health, sea ice changes and weather patterns. The paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of Inuit resilience and experiences in confronting climate risks and the broader implications for Indigenous communities confronting climate challenges.},
}
@article {pmid40877642,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodríguez-Cala, D and Fried, J and Wilson, JRU and Dehnen-Schmutz, K and Tshwenyane, SO and Legwaila, I},
title = {Ornamental horticulture in Southern Africa: strategic actions to address biological invasions.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {75},
number = {12},
pages = {3203-3219},
pmid = {40877642},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {13771-14 and 12160-02//Coventry University/ ; },
mesh = {Africa, Southern ; *Gardening ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Eswatini ; Environmental Policy ; },
abstract = {Southern Africa has a well-documented history of intentional plant introductions for ornamental purposes, but some of these plants have become widespread damaging invaders. Conflicts can arise when stakeholders' attitudes differ towards ornamental invasive plants and their management. We examined the views of stakeholders involved in the ornamental sector and environmental management across Southern Africa in light of the strategic actions proposed by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services' thematic assessment on 'Invasive Alien Species and their Control.' Our analysis is based on semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, and observations with 78 environmental specialists, 30 ornamental-related industry staff, and 24 plant enthusiasts from Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Eswatini. Our analysis shows that significant efforts are ongoing in Southern Africa to address biological invasions from the ornamental sector. However, they need more integration and consideration of the broader geopolitical and socio-historical context. We reflected on these needs and recommend: 1) improving cohesion and collaboration amongst stakeholders, 2) ensuring pluralism by recognising and valuing marginalised groups, 3) addressing power differences and superiority-inferiority complexes, and 4) seeking alliances with existing sub-regional groups working in the realm of nature-society interplay. We believe that our recommendations contribute toward the necessary transformative change for tackling the underlying political and economic causes of plant invasions derived from the ornamental sector in the sub-region.},
}
@article {pmid40877013,
year = {2025},
author = {Holmes, RB and Hamilton, NM and Criswell, KE and Smithson, KZ and Herbert-Read, JE and Chapuis, L},
title = {Structural and developmental insights into the muscles involved in lionfish (Pterois spp.) vocalisations.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {1982-1994},
pmid = {40877013},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//Whitten Programme in Aquatic Biology/ ; 897218//This work was supported by the Whitten Programme in Aquatic Biology, The Cambridge SBS Fieldwork Fund and the Darwin College Travel Fund awarded to R.B.H, J.H-R was supported by the Whitten Programme in Aquatic Biology and L.C was funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie agreement/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Female ; Male ; *Air Sacs/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; *Perciformes/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Sex Characteristics ; *Muscles/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; },
abstract = {Vocal signalling is an important mode of communication in fishes. The two species of lionfish in the Pterois complex, the Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) and the red lionfish (Pterois miles), are both known to produce different types of sounds with sonic muscles attached to the swimbladder. However, the specific mechanism and the functions of these vocalisations in these invasive species are still unknown. We used three-dimensional bioimaging to describe the anatomy of the sonic muscles of both species. We further quantified the muscles of P. volitans to specifically explore how muscles developed across ontogeny and to test the hypothesis that sonic muscles would show sexual dimorphism if they were a sexually selected trait. Both P. volitans and P. miles showed a physoclistous swimbladder with a bilaterally symmetric pair of extrinsic sonic swimbladder muscles (ESSMs), which have been suggested to control buoyancy and generate vocalisations. Both species also displayed an additional pair of anterior extrinsic muscles, which projected dorsoventrally from the spinal column and inserted onto the anterior wall of the swimbladder, potentially also having a role in sound production. Both types of sonic muscles were present across ontogeny. Quantification of the posterior belly of the ESSMs in P. volitans showed that both the length and mass of these muscles in both mature and immature individuals increased linearly with body size. There were no ontogenetic or sex differences in sonic muscle investment between individuals. Given the primary function of these muscles is to control the swimbladder for buoyancy, this may constrain the modification of these muscles relative to body size, or they may have no differences in their acoustic function between sexes or across ontogeny.},
}
@article {pmid40875008,
year = {2025},
author = {Thivierge, C and Gagné, L and Renaud, LA and Houde-Tremblay, &#xc9; and Dupras, J},
title = {eDNA Adoption: Weighing the Benefits and Challenges from Quebec Potential End-Users' Perspective.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {75},
number = {10},
pages = {2571-2582},
pmid = {40875008},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {#312ITD//Genome British Columbia/ ; #312ITD//Genome Quebec/ ; },
mesh = {Quebec ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; Humans ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Endangered Species ; Animals ; Introduced Species ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {The collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) is a relatively new, non-invasive and effective method for detecting the presence of rare or endangered species, invasive alien species, and monitoring fish and wildlife populations, thus contributing to better conservation of natural environments. Academic researchers are its main users. The reasons for its slow diffusion among other potential users remain poorly documented to date. This study aimed to characterize the barriers and levers to the adoption of eDNA by distinct types of end-users, depending on the contexts in which they operate. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 33 participants to document and analyze their perceptions of eDNA. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) inspired our analysis. Our findings revealed that potential end-users perceive the eDNA-based methods positively, although they are improvable. A lack of knowledge about its limitations and potential affects how useful eDNA is perceived to be and potential end-users' confidence in its results. We propose action levers to increase potential end-users' trust in the method and its compatibility with their current practices, and identify avenues to facilitate its diffusion.},
}
@article {pmid40874683,
year = {2025},
author = {Lohrmann, J and Cecchetto, NR and Martínez, LE and Toth, AL and Arbetman, MP and Zattara, EE},
title = {Cold Tolerance Differences Between Declining Native and Invasive Bumblebees in Patagonia.},
journal = {Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology},
volume = {343},
number = {10},
pages = {1178-1190},
doi = {10.1002/jez.70029},
pmid = {40874683},
issn = {2471-5646},
support = {//This study was funded by National Geographic Society NGS-97579C-22./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Cold Temperature ; *Introduced Species ; Argentina ; *Acclimatization/physiology ; },
abstract = {Temperature is a key environmental factor influencing the establishment and spread of insect species. Differences in thermal tolerance may thus explain patterns of geographical distribution and dominance during biological invasions. The native Patagonian bumblebee, Bombus dahlbomii, is being displaced by the exotic Bombus terrestris, which has expanded throughout its range. To investigate the role of cold tolerance in this context, we first examined the minimum temperatures likely to be encountered by both species across their South American distribution. Then, we assessed whether these minimum temperatures correlated with their cold tolerance, measured as chill coma onset and recovery temperatures. We found that, despite experiencing similar minimum temperatures in their ranges, B. dahlbomii is more cold tolerant than B. terrestris: the native bumblebee reaches lower ambient and body temperatures before entering chill coma and recovers at lower body temperatures. Exploring possible mechanisms of cold tolerance, we found that the larger body size and longer body hairs of B. dahlbomii compared to B. terrestris may represent traits evolved to prevent heat loss. However, after evaluating the daily foraging window modeled on the species' cold tolerance in northwestern Patagonia, we found it does not appear to confer a substantial temporal advantage in this region. Therefore, the dominance of B. terrestris in Patagonia cannot be explained by cold tolerance. In fact, native bumblebees exhibit greater physiological and morphological adequation to cold. The success of B. terrestris is likely driven by other factors, including heat tolerance, disease resistance, or differences in life history traits such as colony size.},
}
@article {pmid40873728,
year = {2025},
author = {Hale Walker, S and Lacy, KD and Ross, KG and Zeng, H},
title = {A Comprehensive Account of the Breeding Systems of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {e71888},
pmid = {40873728},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {When animals reproduce in social groups, the potential for conflict and cooperation is shaped by the number of reproductive individuals (breeders), their relatedness to one another, and division of reproduction among them. These features comprise species' "breeding systems." Despite their importance, breeding systems are poorly characterized in most social animals, and detailed accounts for single species are rare. Here, we comprehensively characterize the breeding systems of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta, an invasive species in which a large genetic element (supergene) determines whether a colony has a single queen (monogyne social form) or multiple queens (polygyne form). Colonies of the monogyne form are simple families, and the breeding system is correspondingly straightforward. The breeding system of the polygyne form is complex, with many features still not well characterized. We conducted a large longitudinal experiment tracking parentage, relatedness, and supergene genotype in laboratory-reared polygyne colonies. Along with reanalyzed data from previous studies, we show that colony queen number is highly variable, queens generally mate once, nestmate breeders (queens and their mates) generally are unrelated, and reproductive skew is pervasive, especially for parentage of sexual daughters. Uncommon instances of polyandry occur when a queen remates after initially mating with a male bearing the Sb supergene haplotype (associated with small size and low sperm counts). Paternity skew is pronounced and stable, with Sb sperm contributing to a minority of offspring (particularly sexual daughters) of polyandrous queens. The supergene thus not only determines colony queen number, it broadly affects the breeding system, impacting colony kin structure and setting the stage for conflict and cooperation in the colony. This study can serve as a template for studies of the constellation of factors that affect group genetic structure in other social animals.},
}
@article {pmid40873724,
year = {2025},
author = {Santiago, GA and Baird-Lujano, JE and Guzy, JC and Biglin, DG and Rentof, JM and Bancroft, GF and Romagosa, CM and McCollister, M and Hart, KM},
title = {First Record of Twin and Triplet Embryos Found in the Clutch of a Wild Burmese Python in Southern Florida.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {e72040},
pmid = {40873724},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Triplet embryos observed from within an egg oviposited by a wild adult female Burmese python in southern Florida. All three embryos were attached to the yolk and found deceased and at differing stages of development.},
}
@article {pmid40873411,
year = {2025},
author = {Kültz, D and Gardell, AM and DeTomaso, A and Stoney, G and Rinkevich, B and Qarri, A and Hamar, J},
title = {Proteome-Wide 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Signature of Oxidative Stress in the Marine Invasive Tunicate Botryllus schlosseri.},
journal = {Proteomics},
volume = {25},
number = {19},
pages = {12-25},
pmid = {40873411},
issn = {1615-9861},
support = {R35 GM139649/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; 2021650//BSF/ ; //BR/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Urochordata/metabolism ; *Oxidative Stress ; *Proteome/metabolism/analysis ; *Aldehydes/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteomics/methods ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The ascidian Boytryllus schlosseri is a marine chordate that thrives under conditions of anthropogenic climate change. The B. schlosseri expressed proteome contains unusually high levels of proteins adducted with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). HNE represents a prominent posttranslational modification resulting from oxidative stress. Prior to this study, which identified 1052 HNE adducted proteins in B. schlosseri by LCMS, HNE protein modification has not been determined in any marine species. Adducted residues were ascertained for 1849 HNE modifications, 1195 of which had a maximum amino acid localization score. Most HNE modifications were at less reactive lysines (rather than more reactive cysteines). HNE prevalence on most sites was high, suggesting that B. schlosseri experiences and tolerates high intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, resulting in substantial lipid peroxidation. HNE adducted B. schlosseri proteins show enrichment in mitochondrial, proteostasis, and cytoskeletal functions. We propose that redox signaling contributes to regulating energy metabolism, the blastogenic cycle, oxidative burst defenses, and cytoskeleton dynamics in B. schlosseri. DIA-LCMS quantification of 72 HNE-adducted sites across 60 proteins revealed significant population-specific differences. We conclude that the vast amount of HNE protein adduction in this circumpolar tunicate is indicative of high oxidative stress tolerance contributing to its range expansion into diverse environments. SUMMARY: Oxidative stress results from environmental challenges that increase in frequency and severity during the Anthropocene. Oxygen radical attack causes lipid peroxidation, leading to HNE production. Proteome-wide HNE adduction is highly prevalent in Botryllus schlosseri, a widely distributed, highly invasive, and economically important biofouling ascidian, and the first marine species to be analyzed for proteome HNE modification. HNE adduction of specific proteins may physiologically sequester reactive oxygen species, which could enhance fitness and resilience during environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid40867071,
year = {2025},
author = {Achatz, TJ and Chun, CH and Young, MA and Page, J and Rowe, M and Cooper, C and Wenk, L and Tkach, VV},
title = {Detection of Rat Lungworms in Invasive Mollusks, Georgia, USA, 2024.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {1852-1854},
pmid = {40867071},
issn = {1080-6059},
mesh = {Animals ; Georgia/epidemiology ; *Angiostrongylus cantonensis/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; *Strongylida Infections/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; Introduced Species ; Humans ; *Snails/parasitology ; *Mollusca/parasitology ; },
abstract = {The rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is an invasive, zoonotic parasite that can cause severe disease in humans. We collected A. cantonensis larvae from 2 host species, invasive apple and mystery snails, from bodies of water in Georgia, USA. Recreational water users should avoid ingesting potentially infected hosts, aquatic vegetation, and water.},
}
@article {pmid40866529,
year = {2025},
author = {Taglioni, E and Cavaliere, C and Cerrato, A and Laganà, A and Montone, CM and Capriotti, AL},
title = {Comprehensive profiling of sulfated phenolic compounds in edible and infesting seaweeds by a dedicated software-assisted platform.},
journal = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry},
volume = {417},
number = {23},
pages = {5199-5209},
pmid = {40866529},
issn = {1618-2650},
support = {AR124190642D88D7//Sapienza Universit&#xe0; di Roma/ ; P2022PTYWP//Ministero dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca/ ; },
mesh = {*Seaweed/chemistry ; *Phenols/analysis/chemistry ; *Sulfates/analysis/chemistry ; *Software ; Phaeophyceae/chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Chlorophyta/chemistry ; Rhodophyta/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Seaweeds, comprising green (Chlorophyta), brown (Phaeophyta), and red (Rhodophyta) algae, are recognized as valuable marine resources rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with nutraceutical potential. Despite growing interest in edible species, limited attention has been given to infesting seaweeds, which may represent an underexploited source of bioactives while addressing ecological challenges. In the present study, an innovative, structure-based data processing workflow was set up for the characterization of phenolic compounds in marine organisms and applied to eight edible and two infesting seaweed species from the major taxonomic groups by means of untargeted mass spectrometric data acquisition. The results reveal distinct phenolic profiles across seaweed taxa, with green algae exhibiting the highest abundances of phenol and phenolic acid sulfates, while brown algae were characterized by a predominance of phlorotannins. Sulfated phenolics outnumbered their non-sulfated counterparts, underscoring the importance of dedicated analytical workflows for marine-specific metabolites. Multivariate statistical analyses further distinguished seaweed classes based on phenolic content and compound classes, with infesting seaweeds demonstrating comparable phenolic profiles to their edible counterparts. This suggests the potential for valorizing infesting seaweeds as sustainable sources of bioactive compounds, aligning with Blue Economy principles. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into the chemical diversity of seaweed phenolics and highlight the unexplored potential of invasive species for nutraceutical applications, contributing to sustainable marine resource management and the development of functional foods.},
}
@article {pmid40866180,
year = {2025},
author = {Tian, B and Ding, J and Huang, W and Siemann, E},
title = {Escaping enemies enhances invader mutualisms: role of metabolites.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {10},
pages = {945-948},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.08.001},
pmid = {40866180},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Introduced Species ; Biological Evolution ; *Plants/metabolism ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Non-native plants often outperform native plants by escaping natural enemies and forming mutualistic relationships in new ranges. However, the causal relationships and mechanisms linking these interactions remain largely unclear. Metabolite reallocation may play a crucial role in linking ecological and evolutionary shifts between antagonistic and mutualistic interactions of non-native plants.},
}
@article {pmid40862956,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoon, HJ and Seo, JH and Shin, SH and Abdelhamid, MAA and Pack, SP},
title = {Bioinformation and Monitoring Technology for Environmental DNA Analysis: A Review.},
journal = {Biosensors},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40862956},
issn = {2079-6374},
support = {RS-2021NR060107//the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT/ ; RS-2022-NR074662//the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education/ ; },
mesh = {*Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; *Computational Biology ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has emerged as a transformative tool in environmental monitoring, enabling non-invasive detection of species and microbial communities across diverse ecosystems. This study systematically reviews the role of bioinformation technology in eDNA analysis, focusing on methodologies and applications across air, soil, groundwater, sediment, and aquatic environments. Advances in molecular biology, high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics tools, and field-deployable detection systems have significantly improved eDNA detection sensitivity, allowing for early identification of invasive species, monitoring ecosystem health, and tracking pollutant degradation processes. Airborne eDNA monitoring has demonstrated potential for assessing microbial shifts due to air pollution and tracking pathogen transmission. In terrestrial environments, eDNA facilitates soil and groundwater pollution assessments and enhances understanding of biodegradation processes. In aquatic ecosystems, eDNA serves as a powerful tool for biodiversity assessment, invasive species monitoring, and wastewater-based epidemiology. Despite its growing applicability, challenges remain, including DNA degradation, contamination risks, and standardization of sampling protocols. Future research should focus on integrating eDNA data with remote sensing, machine learning, and ecological modeling to enhance predictive environmental monitoring frameworks. As technological advancements continue, eDNA-based approaches are poised to revolutionize environmental assessment, conservation strategies, and public health surveillance.},
}
@article {pmid40858689,
year = {2025},
author = {Rajak, P and Afreen, T and Raghubanshi, AS and Singh, H},
title = {The impact of rainfall variability on selected soil properties and ecophysiological traits in Prosopis juliflora invaded plots.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {31473},
pmid = {40858689},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Rain ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Prosopis/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Photosynthesis ; Biomass ; Seasons ; Droughts ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Prosopis juliflora is a major invasive species in tropical and subtropical regions. This study explores the link between precipitation, soil moisture, and plant growth, focusing on the invasive P. juliflora in a simulated altered rainfall regime. The study was conducted simultaneously by using three rainout shelters, Normal Rainfall (NR, 1000 mm) (ii) High Rainfall (HR, 1400 mm) (iii) Low Rainfall (LR, 500 mm). Each rainout shelter was divided into three subplots measuring 2 × 2 m to establish P. juliflora by transplanting 20 seedlings per 4 m[2]. After 1 years of establishments, plant growth, ecophysiological attributes and soil properties were recorded as per standard protocols. Increased rainfall led to higher soil moisture and promoted P. juliflora growth, biomass, and photosynthetic activity. Conversely, decreased rainfall triggered drought stress, impacting gas exchange and reducing growth. Statistical analysis showed significant (p < 0.05), SM, soil inorganic-N, N-mineralization, growth measurements, photosynthesis rate (Aarea), transpiration rate (E), height (H), diameter (D), root: shoot ratio, and biomass (AGB + BGB) exhibited the highest values in the HR plots during the rainy season and the lowest values in the LR plots during the summer season, following the trend HR > NR > LR. When different rainfall conditions were regressed against P. juliflora biomass, significantly positive linear relationships were observed. The findings suggest that P. juliflora adapts to changing rainfall regimes by allocating resources strategically. While it thrives under high precipitation, it exhibits surprising drought tolerance, potentially colonizing drier regions. Declining monsoon rainfall and increased precipitation intensity may boost P. juliflora's invasiveness.},
}
@article {pmid40855502,
year = {2025},
author = {Stoakley, TE and Zenas, SJ and Brown, VR and Smith, MD and Gulsby, WD and Collier, BA and Ditchkoff, SS},
title = {Wild pigs impact reproductive season movements and space use of wild turkeys.},
journal = {Movement ecology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {59},
pmid = {40855502},
issn = {2051-3933},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Impacts of invasive species on the movements and space use of native fauna have potential implications during the reproductive period. Over the last three decades, native wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) have experienced a notable decline in productivity while invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) have expanded populations throughout the southeastern United States. Camera studies have shown that the presence of wild pigs can negatively impact detection of wild turkeys in areas of overlapping use. We explored whether wild turkeys avoided areas with greater wild pig densities during spring breeding season for wild turkeys.<br><br>METHODS: We deployed 22 GPS units on wild turkeys prior to the spring reproductive season and conducted a 1-km[2] gridded camera survey in early summer to estimate densities of wild pigs across our 9,000-ha study area in east-central Alabama. We addressed reproductive season movement ecology of wild turkeys in relation to relative densities of wild pigs in terms of (1) step length, (2) daytime space use, (3) roost site selection, and (4) nest site selection. We hypothesized that wild turkeys would exhibit longer step lengths and avoid daytime use, nighttime roost selection, and nest placement in areas with greater densities of wild pigs.<br><br>RESULTS: We found that greater densities of wild pigs negatively impacted movement metrics of wild turkeys. Specifically, greater densities of wild pigs were associated with longer step lengths and lower probabilities of daytime use, roost site selection, and nest site selection in wild turkeys.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Rate of movement and probability of use are associated with preference for the ecological attributes of an area. Our results suggested that wild turkeys avoided or were excluded from areas with greater densities of wild pigs due to perceived disturbance risk or wild pigs making areas less usable. Our results have implications for interspecific spatial interactions as well as management activities to reduce the impacts of invasive wild pigs on native species.},
}
@article {pmid40865102,
year = {2025},
author = {Montoya-Giraldo, MA and Franco-González, S and Zuluaga, AF},
title = {Lionfish envenomation case treated in an emergency unit in Colombia.},
journal = {Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {337-344},
pmid = {40865102},
issn = {2590-7379},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Colombia ; Middle Aged ; Animals ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; *Bites and Stings/therapy ; },
abstract = {The lionfish (Pterois volitans) is an invasive species in the Caribbean Sea that can accidentally inject venom into humans through its spines. Here, we report a case of lionfish envenomation, highlighting a potential emerging threat to public health in Colombia. The case describes a healthy 59-year-old woman who suffered an accidental sting on the fourth finger of her left hand after contact with a lionfish spin while diving in Aruba. On-site treatment included hot compresses, antihistamines, and systemic corticosteroids. However, the patient experienced severe pain, coldness, and paleness in the affected finger. One day later, the patient traveled to Bogotá, Colombia, and developed swelling, loss of sensitivity, and changes in skin coloration. In the emergency unit, the patient received pharmacological treatment with 100 mg of aspirin administered orally and 60 mg of enoxaparin administered subcutaneously; also, a calcium antagonist was prescribed for vasospasm management (30 mg of nifedipine 30 administered orally), and complementary studies were ordered. Paraclinical results were normal, and the Doppler ultrasound of the left upper limb arterial vessels showed no abnormalities. The treatment was successful, and the patient fully recovered. Given the novelty of this affection for our country, the patient’s favorable evolution after latestage pharmacological management, and the limitations of the initial treatment, we present a broad discussion based on the review of related literature.},
}
@article {pmid40860729,
year = {2025},
author = {Schell, LT and Evers, E and Schönbrodt-Stitt, S and Müller, K and Merzdorf, M and Bantlin, DA and Otte, I},
title = {Synergistic use of satellite, legacy, and in situ data to predict spatio-temporal patterns of the invasive Lantana camara in a savannah ecosystem.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1593110},
pmid = {40860729},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Modeling species distributions is critical for managing invasive alien species, as reliable information on habitat suitability is essential for effective conservation and rehabilitation strategies. In this study, we modeled the suitable habitat and potential distribution of the notorious invader Lantana camara in the Akagera National Park (1,122 km[2]), a savannah ecosystem in Rwanda. Spatiotemporal patterns of Lantana camara from 2015 to 2023 were predicted at a 30-m spatial resolution using a presence-only species distribution model, implementing a Random Forest classification algorithm and set up in the Google Earth Engine. The model incorporated Sentinel-1 SAR, Sentinel-2 multispectral data, anthropogenic predictors, and in situ presence data of Lantana camara. A maximum of 33% of the study area was predicted as a suitable Lantana camara habitat in 2023, with higher vulnerability in the central, northern, and southern Akagera National Park. The change detection analysis revealed an increase in habitat suitability in the northeastern sector and a decrease in the southwestern part of the park over the study period. The model's predictive performance was robust, with AUCROC values ranging from 0.93 to 0.98 and AUCPR values ranging from 0.79 to 0.94. Key factors influencing Lantana camara habitat suitability in the study area are the road network, the elevation, and soil nitrogen levels. Additionally, the red edge, shortwave, and near-infrared spectral bands were identified as essential predictors, highlighting the efficacy of combining remote sensing and anthropogenic data with machine learning techniques to predict invasive species distributions. These findings provide valuable guidance for developing effective conservation strategies to protect savannah ecosystems and mitigate the spread of Lantana camara in the future.},
}
@article {pmid40860219,
year = {2025},
author = {Fuka, ME and Connolly, BM and Orrock, JL},
title = {Urbanization, Not Invasive Shrubs, Alters Tree Seed Fate by Modifying Rodent Activity.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {e72038},
pmid = {40860219},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Changes in the global environment are widespread and may have unappreciated effects on the activity of animals and the strength of animal-mediated interactions. For example, urbanization and the spread of invasive species are aspects of global change that may lead to shifts in the activity of granivorous rodents, potentially leading to changes in the survival and establishment of seeds rodents consume. Importantly, these two aspects of global change could interact to affect rodent activity. We used a large-scale manipulation of common invasive shrubs (Rhamnus cathartica, Lonicera macckii) across a rural-to-urban forest gradient spanning southern Wisconsin in summer and autumn to examine the effects that urbanization, invasion, and seasonality had on modifying rodent activity and granivory. Using two 14-day sampling sessions, we recorded the activity of three granivorous rodents (Peromyscus leucopus, Sciurus carolinensis, and Tamias striatus) with motion-activated cameras and quantified seed removal using six tree species (Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Acer saccharum, Prunus serotina, Pinus strobus, and Pinus resinosa) with seed depots to link animal activity with seed removal. Our findings reveal that Quercus seed removal was highest in urban sites, potentially linking hotspots of S. carolinensis activity in urban forests to decreased seed survival. In capturing a large number of P. leucopus photos during the autumn in R. cathartica removed plots, our findings suggest that P. leucopus may be responding to the provision of short-term resources. Our results underscore the primacy of seed mass in determining rodent seed choice: although urbanization and invasive shrubs had different effects on the activity of rodent species, the removal of seeds was always strongly dependent upon seed mass. Our findings help to illuminate potential hotspots of granivorous rodent activity along an urbanization gradient, the shifts in species-specific seed loss associated with this gradient, and the dominance of seed mass in contributing to rodent seed preference.},
}
@article {pmid40855738,
year = {2025},
author = {Haubrock, PJ and Novello, M and Abreo, NA and Błońska, D and Sampaio Franco, AC and Soto, I and Castaldelli, G and Katsanevakis, S and Kouba, A and Balzani, P and Kurtul, I and Tarkan, AS and Briski, E and Britton, R},
title = {A Global Account of Established Non-Native Fish Species.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {e70451},
pmid = {40855738},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {101105250//H2020 Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Actions/ ; 101203662//H2020 Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Actions/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology/classification ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; },
abstract = {The introduction of non-native aquatic species has fundamentally transformed aquatic assemblages, primarily due to human activities, such as aquaculture, fisheries enhancement, aquarium trade, the creation of artificial corridors, and deliberate and accidental releases. Despite growing concern for biological invasions, there is no overall global appraisal of successful non-native fishes. This study compiled a comprehensive dataset from several global sources to examine the taxonomic diversity, geographical distribution, introduction pathways, and ecological impacts of non-native freshwater and marine fishes. Our dataset includes 1535 established non-native fish species in 193 countries (82% of the global coverage), with Leuciscidae, Cichlidae, Salmonidae, and Cyprinidae being the most represented families. Although the incline in first reportings appears almost linear, annual reporting has been declining for decades, suggesting fish introduction rates are decreasing. The main introduction pathways are aquarium trade, aquaculture, fishery augmentation, and the creation of artificial corridors. The importance of introduction pathways substantially differed between freshwater species (primarily the aquarium trade and aquaculture) and marine species (corridors). While extensive records exist for hundreds of non-native fish species, information on their impact types and impact mechanisms remains available only for a third of these species, highlighting broad knowledge deficiencies. Available impact information indicates that non-native fish species may threaten native biodiversity through primarily competition and predation as dominant mechanisms. The magnitude of highest-risk invasions suggests remediation is possible through urgent proactive policy and management interventions. This comprehensive global evaluation of established fish species and their ecological effects thus addresses critical data deficiencies, strengthens risk assessment frameworks, and supports the development of targeted biosecurity policies on priority pathways, approaches essential for helping mitigate the environmental and economic impacts of non-native fish introductions.},
}
@article {pmid40854931,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumakamba, C and Granjon, L and Mangombi-Pambou, J and Atteynine, SA and Muyembe-Tamfum, JJ and Fenollar, F and Mediannikov, O},
title = {Zoonotic microorganisms in native and exotic invasive urban small mammals of bamako, Mali.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {31204},
pmid = {40854931},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Mali/epidemiology ; *Zoonoses/microbiology/epidemiology ; Bartonella/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Coxiella burnetii/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Humans ; Trypanosoma/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Rodentia/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The increase in the incidence of zoonoses underlines the need for monitoring pathogens in wild animals. Recent studies have revealed the circulation of several microorganisms in rodents, in various geographic and environmental contexts, including African urban habitats. However, Mali, a landlocked country of West Africa, was not extensively studied for the circulation of the microorganisms in rodents. And this paucity of information puts the fight against rodent-borne zoonoses at a disadvantage. This is why we aimed through this study to improve knowledge of potentially zoonotic infectious agents carried by rodents in Mali (Bamako). Three hundred and seventy-one small mammal spleen samples taken from captures realized in 2021-2022 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Eleven of them (i.e. 2.96%) were infected by microorganisms (Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Trypanosoma otospermophili). The most frequently detected microorganisms were Bartonella spp. (2.43%). We identified new genotypes of B. elizabethae (a species involved in some cases of infective endocarditis) and B. mastomydis. We also identified C. burnetii MS type 12, thus showing active circulation of a human-pathogenic genotype of Q fever agent in wild rodents. For the first time in Mali, Trypanosoma otospermophili was identified in a specimen of brown rat Rattus norvegicus.},
}
@article {pmid40857594,
year = {2025},
author = {Adhikari, A and Lane, B and Harmon, PF and Goss, EM},
title = {Bipolaris species associated with foliar diseases on invasive and weedy grasses in Florida.},
journal = {Mycologia},
volume = {117},
number = {6},
pages = {1067-1076},
doi = {10.1080/00275514.2025.2500340},
pmid = {40857594},
issn = {1557-2536},
mesh = {*Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Florida ; *Poaceae/microbiology ; Phylogeny ; *Bipolaris/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification/pathogenicity ; Introduced Species ; Spores, Fungal/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics/chemistry ; *Plant Weeds/microbiology ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/chemistry ; *Ascomycota/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics ; },
abstract = {Invasive and weedy plants proliferate in disturbed areas, including the margins of agricultural fields where they can be alternative hosts and reservoirs of crop pathogens. Research on plant pathogens focuses on economically important plants, whereas pathogens of weedy and invasive grasses are generally less well characterized. Bipolaris species have the potential to cause disease on many plant species and are common pathogens of grasses and crops in the family Poaceae. This study aimed to identify Bipolaris species causing foliar lesions on common weedy and invasive grasses in disturbed and natural areas in four counties in Florida. Isolation of characteristic Bipolaris conidia from sampled grasses resulted in 22 isolates. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene sequences from these isolates identified four Bipolaris and one Curvularia species. B. yamadae was the most common species recovered, followed by B. sorokiniana, B. cynodontis, and B. zeae. To determine whether the Bipolaris isolates were potential crop pathogens, we tested their pathogenicity on seedlings of wheat cultivar "Jamestown." All Bipolaris isolates tested caused moderate to severe disease. Our results indicate that invasive and weedy grasses support populations of Bipolaris pathogens of crops. Knowledge of pathogen natural history can inform management of existing and emerging crop diseases.},
}
@article {pmid40846874,
year = {2025},
author = {Lan, Y and Wu, X and Xu, M and Li, K and Huan, Y and Zhou, G and Lun, F and Shang, W and Zhang, R and Xie, Y},
title = {High-resolution global distribution projections of 10 rodent genera under diverse SSP-RCP scenarios, 2021-2100.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1467},
pmid = {40846874},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Biodiversity ; *Rodentia ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Climate Models ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Understanding the potential impact of climate change on species distributions is crucial for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Rodents, as one of the most diverse and widespread mammalian groups, play a critical role in ecological systems but also pose significant risks to agriculture systems and public health. Here, we present GridScopeRodents, a high-resolution global dataset projecting the distribution of 10 rodent genera from 2021 to 2100 under four CMIP6-based Shared Socioeconomic Pathway-Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP) scenario combinations. Using occurrence data and environmental variable, we employ the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm within the species distribution modeling (SDM) framework to estimate occurrence probability at a spatial resolution of 1/12° (~10 km). The dataset encompasses four SSP-RCP scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585) and 10 global climate models (GCMs), providing projections at 20-year intervals. GridScopeRodents serves as a valuable resource for research on biodiversity conservation, invasive species monitoring, agricultural sustainability, and disease ecology. The dataset is publicly available in GeoTIFF format and can be accessed via Figshare.},
}
@article {pmid40853335,
year = {2025},
author = {Wallsten, C},
title = {Digest: Rapid evolution of an annual invader, the African fig fly Zaprionus indianus.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {79},
number = {10},
pages = {2338-2340},
doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpaf162},
pmid = {40853335},
issn = {1558-5646},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Biological Evolution ; Wings, Animal/anatomy &amp; histology ; },
abstract = {Little is known about evolutionary dynamics shortly after species introduction. Gray et al. (2025) found that the African fig fly (Zaprionus indianus) evolved smaller wings and a decreased wing:thorax ratio within one season of colonizing a temperate region of the United States, but did not differ along a latitudinal cline. This demonstrates the species' capability for rapid adaptation and potential for enhanced invasiveness.},
}
@article {pmid40852383,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, R and Wang, Z and Yang, F and Qiao, G and Tu, J and Sun, A and Wang, S},
title = {Functional characterization of antennae-enriched chemosensory protein 4 in emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19812},
pmid = {40852383},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/metabolism/genetics ; *Arthropod Antennae/metabolism ; Male ; Female ; *Insect Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Fraxinus/parasitology ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; *Receptors, Odorant/metabolism ; Terpenes/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Agrilus planipennis is an invasive species that inflicts substantial harm on ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) globally. Elucidating its olfactory mechanisms is essential for devising effective pest management approaches. In this research, we identified chemosensory protein 4 (AplaCSP4) in A. planipennis, which is highly expressed in the antennae of both male and female individuals. Notably, the mRNA expression level of AplaCSP4 in females is 1.9 times higher than that in males. Fluorescence competition binding assays revealed that recombinant AplaCSP4 has a broad binding spectrum, capable of interacting with 11 compounds from various chemical classes such as esters, alkanes, terpenes, terpenoids, and terpenols. The dissociation constants (K D) for these binding affinities range from 0.25 to 11.47 µM. AplaCSP4 shows binding affinity for volatiles from Fraxinus species, including dodecane, myrcene, ocimene, farnesene, (+)-limonene, and nerolidol, with the highest affinity observed for farnesene (K D = 0.25 µM). Molecular docking and dynamics simulation were employed to elucidate the binding mode of farnesene, which exhibited the strongest binding affinity with AplaCSP4. The results indicated that farnesene binds within the hydrophobic pocket of AplaCSP4, with a binding energy of -31.830 ± 2.015 kcal/mol and -32.585 ± 2.011 kcal/mol in dual-replicate molecular dynamics simulations, and primarily driven by van der Waals interactions. Importantly, during the two molecular dynamics simulations, the centroid distances between farnesene and the key residues in the binding pocket of AplaCSP4 were maintained relatively stable. The combined results from in vitro experiments and computational modeling suggest that AplaCSP4 is critically involved in plant volatile detection. This study offers insights into the molecular basis of olfactory perception in A. planipennis and may provide a foundation for developing novel olfactory-based pest control strategies targeting chemosensory proteins.},
}
@article {pmid40851440,
year = {2025},
author = {Ioriatti, C and Mazzoni, V and Franceschi, P and Chiesa, SG and Angeli, G and De Concini, M and Panizza, C and Martini, F and Zapponi, L and Anfora, G},
title = {Classical biological control of the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) in apple orchard: a success story.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {12},
pages = {8500-8509},
pmid = {40851440},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Provincia Autonoma di Trento/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Heteroptera/parasitology/physiology ; *Malus/growth &amp; development ; Italy ; *Wasps/physiology ; Ovum/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; Fruit/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys, is an invasive pest from eastern Asia that has caused significant damage to apple orchards in Europe and the United States. To reduce pesticide reliance, a classical biological control (CBC) program, using the Asian egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus, was initiated in Trentino, a key apple-producing area in Italy. The CBC program involved the release of T. japonicus at selected sites with minimal chemical input from 2020 to 2023. Monitoring was conducted to assess parasitoid establishment and egg parasitization rates. Preliminary data on fruit damage were also collected to assess trends at a large territorial scale. Parasitoid efficacy was evaluated based on discovery efficiency and parasitization impact.<br><br>RESULTS: Trissolcus japonicus was recaptured in 62.3% of the sites, with increasing recapture rates over the years (from 30% in the first year to 65.4% in the fourth year). The overall egg parasitization rate increased from 18.3% to 50.6%, with T. japonicus contributing significantly (from 7.9% in 2020 to 41.3% in 2023). The percentage of hatched eggs decreased from 61.6% to 29.0%. Discovery efficiency improved from 9.9% to 54.4%, and impact from 7.9% to 39.0%. Fruit damage monitoring indicated an overall decreasing trend in orchards within a 2.5&#x2009;km radius of successful release sites.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The release of T. japonicus in Trentino demonstrated effective control of BMSB, reducing pesticide use and fruit damage, thereby highlighting the potential of CBC as a sustainable pest management strategy against invasive alien pests. Further long-term studies are recommended to optimize and expand this approach. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40851312,
year = {2026},
author = {Stern, ER and Vesk, PA and Clements, CC and McCarthy, MA},
title = {Contribution of microcosm experiments to conservation science.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {e70129},
pmid = {40851312},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {DP230102663//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; *Ecology/methods ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Microcosms, or miniature experimental systems, have been used to develop models and theories in ecology. However, their contribution to conservation science is unclear. We explored the application, design, and impact of microcosms in conservation science from 469 systematically identified articles published from 1986 to 2023. We used generalized linear modeling to compare cumulative citations over time for each microcosm article with those of 71,738 nonmicrocosm articles in conservation science. We also surveyed the proportion of microcosm articles and nonmicrocosm articles focused on conservation science that were cited in policy documents. Two types of microcosms were used in conservation research: generalized microcosms (i.e., simplified analogies of systems used to test general theories and mathematical models) and specialized microcosms (i.e., recreations of specific ecosystems or species assemblages that test specific hypotheses). Microcosms were used to study biodiversity, invasive species, extinction, pollution, and climate change and were applied to a broad array of ecosystems and species. Microcosm experiments tended to be small (systems were liters in size or smaller) and conducted over short periods (weeks or months); could monitor study species for up to hundreds of generations; and had high sample replication. On average, microcosm studies were cited up to twice as often as nonmicrocosm studies 25 years after publication. Microcosm articles and nonmicrocosm articles focused on conservation science were cited in policy documents at similar rates to each other. We recommend that conservation science, which often focuses on urgent topics and rare or threatened ecosystems and species, may benefit from the manipulability and replicability that microcosms offer. Microcosm experiments may also be low risk for the study systems involved. Future uses of microcosms include providing experimental evidence and testing of conservation theories, models, and hypotheses.},
}
@article {pmid40848435,
year = {2025},
author = {Gauff, RPM and Taormina, B and Carlier, A and Bouchoucha, M and Droual, G and Dugény, E and Curd, A},
title = {Mixed messages: Eco-engineered tide pools can provide both positive and negative contributions, with the possibility of increasing introduced species diversity.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {998},
number = {},
pages = {180237},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180237},
pmid = {40848435},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {With marine urbanisation on the rise, decision makers and managers are aiming to mitigate and offset impacts arising from the destruction of natural habitats. Among the potential solutions features marine eco-engineering, which aims to increase the structural complexity of marine infrastructure to enhance bioreceptivity or to diversify ecological niches. However, despite previous scientific efforts showing an increase of biodiversity and functions on such eco-engineered structures, studies rarely consider potential adverse effects such as increased introduced species diversity. In the present study we investigated whether negative contributions (i.e. increased introduced species diversity) were associated with positive ones (i.e. increased total and native epibenthic biodiversity) in two eco-engineering projects involving artificial intertidal concrete pools in two biogeographic provinces. We showed that species diversity and beta diversity were both higher on the eco-engineered sites compared to the unengineered sites, and species diversity was comparable to that of natural intertidal rocky environments. However, introduced species diversity was sometimes higher than in unengineered habitats, with some introduced species being exclusively associated with the artificial pools in one province. Furthermore, community structures on the eco-engineered sites remained distinct from natural ones, with artificial pools containing typical urban fouling species. For these reasons, we make the case that artificial pools should not be considered as offsetting the destruction of natural habitats. Eco-engineering can however be viewed as a means of increasing the attractivity of marine urban habitats, akin to city parks and green rooftops.},
}
@article {pmid40848306,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, X and Hamby, K and Demchak, K and Stout, A and Biddinger, D and Regan, K and Lue, CH and Hoelmer, KA},
title = {Establishment of key Asian larval parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the US Mid-Atlantic states.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2042-2053},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf188},
pmid = {40848306},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//USDA/ ; 60-8010-4-001//APHIS Farm Bill/ ; 60-8010-5-009//APHIS Farm Bill/ ; #8010-22000-031D//USDA/ ; #2020-5118-32140//NIFA/ ; #C940001078//Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture/ ; #PEN04743//National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations/ ; #1023221//National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations/ ; #8010-22000-031D//ARS/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Wasps/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Larva/parasitology/growth &amp; development ; *Drosophila/parasitology/growth &amp; development ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Fruit/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species ; Mid-Atlantic Region ; },
abstract = {The widespread establishment of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) has instigated a classical biological program in the United States and Europe for this invasive pest of soft-skinned fruits. This study reports the first release of an introduced key Asian larval parasitoid, Ganaspis kimorum Buffington (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), in 3 Mid-Atlantic states (Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania), where a total of 26,950 wasps were released in 6 counties during the 2022 and 2023 fruit seasons. Pre-release monitoring in 2023 and 2024 recovered G. kimorum individuals, indicating successful overwintering of parasitoids released in 2022 and 2023. A total of 617 pre- and post-release fruit collections were conducted in a temporal sequence of ripening fruits of 30 different fruit species throughout the 2022 and 2023 fruit seasons at all release locations. G. kimorum were recovered in 40 post-release samples from 9 different host plants at all release locations. However, the overall levels of mean parasitism by G. kimorum were <2% at this early stage of release. At the same time, adventive populations of an unreleased key Asian larval parasitoid, Leptopilina japonica Novković &amp; Kimura (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) were found from 16 sampled host plants throughout the fruit season. Mean parasitism of D. suzukii (primarily by L. japonica) ranged from 0% to 20.0%, which varied by season and host plant but peaked with fruiting of the most D. suzukii-infested wild hosts. We discuss potential ecological mechanisms that may affect the establishment and impacts of these key parasitoids on D. suzukii in this region and future release strategies for G. kimorum.},
}
@article {pmid40845730,
year = {2025},
author = {Lai, B and Guo, H and Zhang, K and Wang, H and Qiu, X and Lin, L and Shi, R and Sedibe, M and Zou, Y and Norvienyeku, J},
title = {Putative SET domain-containing proteins play significant roles in regulating sporulation and pathogenicity in Phytophthora capsici.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {301},
number = {},
pages = {128316},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2025.128316},
pmid = {40845730},
issn = {1618-0623},
mesh = {*Phytophthora/pathogenicity/genetics/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/parasitology ; Virulence/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Capsicum/microbiology ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Phytophthora capsici is a filamentous oomycete responsible for root rot, fruit rot, leaf blight, and other economically destructive diseases in multiple plant species, including pepper (Capsicum annuum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), squash (Cucurbita pepo), eggplant (Solanum melongena), faba bean (Vicia faba), and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), among others. The pathogen causes significant yield losses in fruit and vegetable crops globally. Multiple molecular parameters, including effector proteins and epigenetic modulators, play vital roles in modulating the physio pathological development of P. capsici. Here, we identified 56 SET domain-containing proteins in P. capsici, with 35 predicted as potential effectors. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of 13 candidate effector genes during infection, suggesting their roles in pathogenicity. We successfully deleted one effector, PcSET-C (DVH05_022087), and two non-effector proteins, PcSET-B (DVH05_004260), and PcSET-A (DVH05_000194), using CRISPR-Cas9 and homologous recombination strategies. Phenotypic analysis showed that targeted deletion of the PcSET-A, and PcSET-B gene significantly impaired vegetative growth, while ΔPcset-C strains displayed growth like wild-type strains. Additionally, we showed that targeted disruption of all three genes resulted in reduced asexual sporulation and almost completely abolished the pathogenicity or virulence of ΔPcset-A, ΔPcset-B, and ΔPcset-C strains on different P. capsici-susceptible plants. However, targeted replacement of the three SET domain-containing genes investigated in this study has no significant adverse effects on zoospore release in P. capsici. These findings provide insights into the crucial role of SET domain-containing proteins in both morphological and pathological development of P. capsici and underscore PcSETs as potential targets for disease control.},
}
@article {pmid40842096,
year = {2025},
author = {Ji, S and Li, Y and Ding, C and He, D and Tao, J and MacIsaac, HJ},
title = {Loss of distinct functionality during fish community disassembly.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {11},
pages = {2190-2204},
pmid = {40842096},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {42077447//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42271066//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023Y0209//Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Fund/ ; //Chinese Scholarship Council/ ; //Canada Research Chair in Aquatic Invasive Species/ ; //NSERC Discovery/ ; 202401AS070147//Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology ; China ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Lakes ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Human-induced environmental changes increase species turnover, typically characterized by native species extirpation and non-native species (NNS) invasions, leading to multiple functional consequences owing to varying species roles and whether losses from extirpation are compensated by newly established NNS. We analysed community functional roles among fish species that persisted, were extirpated or were newly established over 75 years (1940-2015) in 15 lakes in southwest China, using functional diversity indices and trait-based network analyses. While species extirpation rate increased strongly through time, earlier extirpations caused the greatest losses to novel functional diversity. Functional losses from native species extirpation were not compensated by NNS. Functional patterns of extirpations were mainly random or overdispersed, whereas invasions were almost always random species replacements. Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight that the loss of distinctive functional diversity persists even when extirpation rates are low, due to the incomplete functional replacement of native species by NNS, which are typically functionally random relative to extirpated species. This underscores the importance of prioritizing the protection of functionally distinct species to preserve community integrity. Additionally, our use of trait-based network analysis provides a novel perspective for understanding the functional implications of species turnover, and could be a valuable tool for researchers and conservation practitioners to evaluate community assembly processes and functional structure dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid40841038,
year = {2025},
author = {Tang, Z and Zhang, Y and Shangguan, H and Xie, A and Xu, X and Jiang, Y and Breed, MF and Sun, X},
title = {Urban organic manure application enhances antibiotic resistance gene diversity and potential human pathogen abundance in invasive giant African snails.},
journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)},
volume = {158},
number = {},
pages = {610-620},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2025.02.028},
pmid = {40841038},
issn = {1001-0742},
mesh = {Animals ; *Manure ; *Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; *Snails/microbiology ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Soil Microbiology ; Environmental Monitoring ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Feces/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The giant African snail (Achatina fulica) is an invasive species served as potential vectors for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potential human bacterial pathogens. Currently, urban green spaces receive extensive organic manure additions as part of their management, may intensify the biological contamination potential of these snail vectors, thereby increasing the risk of biological pollution in green spaces. However, the specific impacts of this practice on the microbial ecology of these invasive species remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of organic manure application on the gut microbiome of giant African snails, focusing on ARGs, bacterial community structure, and potential human bacterial pathogens. Microcosm experiments compared snail gut microbiomes in different treatments (Soil: soil samples collected after manure amendment, before any snail exposure. Feces: fecal samples collected from snails that lived on manure-amended soil. Control: fecal samples collected from snails that lived on unamended soil) using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis. Our results show that manure application significantly altered gut bacterial community structure and increased ARG diversity by enriching specific high-risk ARGs (such as sul1 and sul2 in the Feces group increased by 2.89 and 2.43 times, respectively, compared to the Control group), and the introduction of eight novel ARG subtypes, despite decreasing overall ARG abundance. Moreover, the relative abundance of potential human pathogens, particularly Pseudomonadaceae, was greatly increased by manure application. These findings reveal that organic manure application in urban green spaces can potentially enhances their role as reservoirs and vectors of ARGs and human pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid40840321,
year = {2026},
author = {Piazza, A and Mikac, B and Colangelo, MA and Costantini, F},
title = {ARMS in ports: monitoring non-indigenous species through Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {118545},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118545},
pmid = {40840321},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Animals ; *Coral Reefs ; Biodiversity ; *Aquatic Organisms/classification ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Harbors and marinas are considered Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) hotspots, being departure and arrival points for numerous vessels and providing environments with less complex artificial substrates that promote NIS colonization. Monitoring changes in the structure of benthic communities allows to early detect the arrival of new NIS. In this study, we used Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures, ARMS, 3D standardized passive collectors of benthic organisms, to monitor NIS presence and abundance in ports with different uses, a commercial harbor, and a touristic marina, in the northern Adriatic Sea, over one year. The sessile organisms growing on each ARMS plate were identify by photo analysis while the motile ones were morphologically recognized and counted using stereomicroscope. Benthic communities grown on ARMS were characterized by many taxa typical of coastal urbanized areas and showed high seasonal variability, being richer in spring and summer than in winter. Distinct benthic and NIS communities were found in the harbor and marina, with the marina hosting higher numbers of both native and NIS. This is likely due to the different environmental conditions, port structural complexity, and performed economic activities. Of the 86 macrofaunal taxa detected, nearly 19 % were NIS, mostly belonging to crustaceans, polychaetes, bivalves, and ascidians. Our results indicate that ARMS represent an efficient tool for monitoring NIS and suggest that they should be deployed in the spring season and in environments with different levels of urbanization to capture higher NIS diversity and enable their early detection.},
}
@article {pmid40837557,
year = {2025},
author = {Aung, YL and Aung, MH and Tan, Y and Jin, X},
title = {An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar.},
journal = {PhytoKeys},
volume = {261},
number = {},
pages = {135-164},
pmid = {40837557},
issn = {1314-2011},
abstract = {Myanmar is one of the Southeast Asian countries where biodiversity richness is very high as well as under various anthropogenic threats. Its broad latitudinal range, heterogeneous topography, and tropical monsoonal climate make the country exceptionally rich in plant biodiversity. However, botanical exploration in Myanmar still lags, hindering a full understanding of the floristic diversity of the country and leading to a large gap in taxonomic knowledge of its flora. The latest checklist of Myanmar plants (including 11,800 species) was published over 20 years ago and clearly needs significant and comprehensive revisions to be in line with modern taxonomic classification systems. In this regard, the present study investigated the species richness of Myanmar flora based on herbarium specimens, taxonomic literature, and online databases. Therefore, it resulted in an updated checklist consisting of 14,020 species in 2,701 genera and 292 families of vascular plants known from Myanmar. Among them, there are 13,314 native species and 706 introduced species in Myanmar. In Myanmar, there are 864 endemic species which need proper conservation actions. In comparison, the number of species in the updated checklist has increased by 2,220 species more than those of the previous checklist, mainly due to the discovery of new species and new records for the country. The updated checklist has been taxonomically verified with voucher specimen-based comparisons, which will be useful for subsequent analyses of biodiversity research and conservation action.},
}
@article {pmid40836636,
year = {2025},
author = {Gallagher, RV},
title = {Traits and biogeography are key to non-native plant abundance, but in surprising ways.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {3},
pages = {1105-1107},
pmid = {40836636},
issn = {1469-8137},
abstract = {This article is a Commentary on Blumenthal et al. (2025), 248: 1192–1204.},
}
@article {pmid40834194,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodrigues, AJS and Gomes, GMD and Neves, RAF and Caetano, CHS and Miyahira, IC},
title = {Population dynamics of Brachidontes darwinianus (Mytilidae) occurring in sympatry with the invasive Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Dreissenidae) in a coastal lagoon (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).},
journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias},
volume = {97},
number = {3},
pages = {e20241535},
doi = {10.1590/0001-3765202520241535},
pmid = {40834194},
issn = {1678-2690},
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; Population Dynamics ; *Introduced Species ; *Mytilidae/classification/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Sympatry/physiology ; Population Density ; Seasons ; *Bivalvia/classification/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {The native bivalve <italic>Brachidontes darwinianus</italic> occurs in sympatry with the invasive bivalve <italic>Mytilopsis leucophaeata</italic> in Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, an urban coastal lagoon located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both species are found in hard substrates and form clusters around the lagoon. This study aimed to evaluate the population aspects, such as growth and mortality rates, of the native bivalve <italic>B. darwinianus</italic> and compare with data available for <italic>M. leucophaeata</italic> for this lagoon. Population data were analyzed and compared between bivalve species over two years: 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. In both years, the growth rate of <italic>B. darwinianus</italic> remained similar (K = 0.5), while the mortality rate showed a slight increase in the second year (Z2016-2017 = 2.25; Z2017-2018 = 2.9). The densities of <italic>M. leucophaeata</italic> were significantly higher than those of <italic>B. darwinianus</italic> regardless of the year analyzed. However, an increasing trend in the densities of the native bivalve was observed in the second year, suggesting a coexistence of native and invasive bivalves in the lagoon. Therefore, more studies are needed to understand the ecological interactions between these species, given that the invasive bivalve is established and can induce changes in the benthic community of this environment.},
}
@article {pmid40831447,
year = {2025},
author = {Brijs, J and Tran, LL and Moore, C and Souza, T and Schakmann, M and Grellman, K and Johansen, JL},
title = {Outlasting the Heat: Collapse of Herbivorous Fish Control of Invasive Algae During Marine Heatwaves.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {e70438},
pmid = {40831447},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2210070 to Jacob L. Johansen//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 009454 to Jacob L. Johansen//University of Hawaii at Manoa startup grant/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Coral Reefs ; *Herbivory ; *Hot Temperature ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Caulerpa/physiology ; *Perciformes/physiology ; },
abstract = {Marine heatwaves (MHWs), coral bleaching, and chronic local stressors such as eutrophication are accelerating regime shifts from coral- to algae-dominated reefs, increasingly favoring the proliferation of invasive, fast-growing, and often more grazing-resistant turf and macroalgae. A central tenet of global reef management strategies is that herbivorous fishes can sustain critical top-down control of algal proliferation as oceans warm. Here, we challenge this tenet by experimentally evaluating, under controlled laboratory conditions, whether herbivorous coral reef fishes across three key functional groups-browser (Naso lituratus), grazer (Acanthurus triostegus), and scraper (Chlorurus spilurus)-can maintain effective algal control across present-day (24.0°C-27.5°C) temperatures and into projected MHWs (31°C). We assessed (1) whether individuals evacuated thermally stressed conditions, effectively abandoning algal control, and (2) for those that remained, whether they could meet elevated energetic demands by foraging ad libitum on a mixture of Caulerpa spp.-a rapidly spreading and archetypal group of invasive algae in the Indo-Pacific. All species gained body mass while foraging exclusively on these algae during winter and summer (~0.18%-0.62% per day). However, despite remaining in thermally stressed conditions and maintaining stable foraging rates, all species experienced consistent body mass declines (~0.41%-1.62% per day) under MHW exposure. This precipitous decline in body mass was driven by ~54%-60% increases in basal energetic demands without corresponding increases in food intake. Survival estimates based on body mass loss ranged from ~20-81 days, which is substantially shorter than the projected ~126-152-day average duration of future MHWs. Our findings reveal that while short-term algal control may persist during thermal stress, prolonged exposure appears to erode herbivore physiological condition, effectively undermining top-down control of some algal types. Consequently, as ocean warming intensifies, herbivore protection strategies may become increasingly less effective at staving off algae proliferation and dominance in threatened reef ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40831276,
year = {2025},
author = {Radici, A and Hammami, P and Cannet, A and L'Ambert, G and Lacour, G and Fournet, F and Garros, C and Guis, H and Fontenille, D and Caminade, C},
title = {Aedes albopictus Is Rapidly Invading Its Climatic Niche in France: Wider Implications for Biting Nuisance and Arbovirus Control in Western Europe.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {e70414},
pmid = {40831276},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//R&#xe9;gion Occitanie Pyr&#xe9;n&#xe9;es-M&#xe9;diterran&#xe9;e RIVOC intiative/ ; },
mesh = {*Aedes/physiology/virology ; Animals ; France/epidemiology ; *Climate Change ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/virology ; *Introduced Species ; *Dengue/transmission/epidemiology ; *Animal Distribution ; Humans ; Europe ; Arboviruses/physiology ; },
abstract = {The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a competent vector of arboviruses, such as dengue. After its introduction into southern Europe, this invasive species has been rapidly spreading as well as causing autochthonous cases of arboviral diseases. Both Ae. albopictus presence and potential to transmit arboviruses are facilitated at warm temperatures; hence, global warming is expected to affect their presence in temperate regions. We use a climate- and environmental-driven mechanistic modeling framework to investigate the impact of recent climate change on Ae. albopictus range expansion and its potential to transmit dengue in Western Europe. We simulate climatic suitability, adult density, and dengue transmission risk, which we compare with a large ensemble of entomological and epidemiological observations over the past 20 years. Most importantly, we analyze a novel spatiotemporal dataset of colonized municipalities in metropolitan France to estimate the spread rate of Ae. albopictus and compare it with model predictions. Lastly, we analyze the sensitivity of entomological and epidemiological risk to changes in temperature, rainfall, and human density. Distribution of simulated mosquito populations and dengue transmission risk satisfactorily match entomological and dengue observations for Western Europe (AUC = 0.90 and 0.75 respectively). While lowlands in southern Europe were already climatically suitable for hosting Ae. albopictus around 2010, Western France, together with large populated cities, such as London, Zagreb, and Vienna, has become suitable recently. Importantly, the accelerating colonization of Ae. albopictus in France may be approaching the limit of its theoretical climatic niche; future expansion will depend on the climate-driven enlargement of suitable areas. The area at risk of dengue transmission has recently expanded from the Mediterranean coasts over northern Spain and Western France. The sensitivity analysis suggests that climate change may expose medium-sized cities to the highest epidemiological risk; this finding is consistent with recently reported dengue outbreaks in Europe.},
}
@article {pmid40830392,
year = {2025},
author = {Pinochet, J and Rivera, R and Brante, A},
title = {Network-based risk assessment of ship-mediated dispersal of non-native species across Chilean and international ports.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {30482},
pmid = {40830392},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {AIM23-0003//Grant the Millennium Institute of Oceanography/ ; 11250355//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 1230158//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {Chile ; *Ships ; *Introduced Species ; Risk Assessment ; Biodiversity ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Marine biological invasions threaten global biodiversity, making it essential to identify high-risk areas for effective management and prevention. This study assesses the risk of non-native species (NNS) dispersal through maritime transport using network analysis to examine connectivity patterns among Chilean and international ports, complemented by an environmental similarity approach for estimation. The results highlight San Antonio, San Vicente, and Concepción Bay as key nodes within the national network, facilitating maritime traffic redistribution and linking the Central Chile and Araucanian ecoregions, identified as critical corridors for NNS introduction and spread. In contrast, secondary ports such as Corral and Mejillones have limited connectivity and play minor roles in the network. Internationally, Chilean ports maintain frequent connections with global hubs such as Panama and Shanghai, emphasizing their role in global maritime traffic. Procrustes analysis reveals strong environmental similarity between connected regions, suggesting that shared conditions enhance NNS survival and establishment. Alluvial diagrams and network illustrate high-risk routes and port, aiding in the identification of critical areas for monitoring and management. This study underscores the importance of integrating network analysis with environmental data as a key tool for assessing invasion risk, prioritizing strategic areas, and strengthening preventive strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40829225,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, Z and Zhang, L and Yu, H and Lai, Y and Zhang, H and Liu, Y and Wang, J and Kuang, Y},
title = {Nighttime warming impedes invasion of Chromolaena odorata into tropical coral islands.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {393},
number = {},
pages = {126991},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126991},
pmid = {40829225},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Chromolaena/physiology ; Anthozoa ; *Global Warming ; Ecosystem ; China ; Temperature ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Nighttime warming, resulted from asymmetric global warming, is recognized as narrow diurnal temperature range (DTR). However, consensus on the effects of reduced DTR on plant's invasion remains elusive. Tropical coral islands in China, characterized as narrow DTR, are more and more intensively affected by plant invasion. In this study, we simulated a tropical coral island habitat by applying nighttime warming experiment (3 °C) and detected the responses of 19 plant functional traits of an invasive species Chromolaena odorata and a native species Scaevola sericea to this warming. Under mono-culture, C. odorata mainly adjusted water-use efficiency (WUE) to reduce water loss, while S. sericea mainly adjusted gas exchange to maintain relative growth rate (RGR) by altering leaf structural traits, in responses to nighttime warming. Under mixing-culture, nighttime warming decreased and increased resource utilization capacity of C. odorata and S. sericea, respectively. These results highlight that nighttime warming may impede the invasion of C. odorata to tropical coral islands. The recovery and construction of plantation preferentially selecting S. sericea can benefit inhibiting the spread of C. odorata at tropical coral islands.},
}
@article {pmid40828273,
year = {2025},
author = {Lozada-Chávez, AN and Bonizzoni, M},
title = {Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism from Insect Genomic Data.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {2935},
number = {},
pages = {29-49},
pmid = {40828273},
issn = {1940-6029},
mesh = {*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Animals ; *Genome, Insect ; *Genomics/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; *Aedes/genetics ; Software ; *Insecta/genetics ; *Computational Biology/methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; },
abstract = {Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation among individuals. SNPs are widely used to estimate genomic divergence, population structure, and natural selection, as well as to identify associations between genomic variants and phenotypic traits. However, the identification of SNPs in non-model species or from field-derived samples may still be challenging and would benefit from standardized protocols. The identification of SNPs from raw sequencing data, such as those obtained from a standard Illumina library, involves many processing steps and the use of diverse sets of tools, where the choice of different parameters significantly affects the results. Here, we present a pipeline for a genome-wide identification of SNPs from raw Illumina reads. This pipeline is composed of three major steps that encompass the GATK Best Practices and include quality control of the raw reads, mapping of short reads to a reference genome, recalibration of the alignment, variant calling, quality control for variant calling, and filtering of candidate SNPs. The steps of this pipeline are accompanied by publicly available scripts and datasets used for the identification of SNPs in the genome of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, an invasive species and a major arboviral vector worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid40827793,
year = {2025},
author = {Hanson-Regan, W and Leasi, F and Alda, F},
title = {Geographical, Ecological, and Genetic Drivers of Gut Microbial Diversity in Native and Invasive Minnows (Leuciscidae: Cyprinella).},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {18},
pages = {e70011},
doi = {10.1111/mec.70011},
pmid = {40827793},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {//Center of Excellence in Applied Computational Science and Engineering (CEACSE), University of Tennessee at Chattanooga/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; *Cyprinidae/microbiology/genetics ; Biodiversity ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiome is important for many physiological processes that are critical in the adaptation of an animal to its environment. Conversely, abrupt ecological changes, as in the colonisation of a new territory, may also influence the microbiome. Therefore, anthropogenic introductions of invasive species offer a natural model in which to study these relationships. We compared the gut microbiomes (16S rRNA gene) of four freshwater fish species of the genus Cyprinella, including both native and introduced populations of the prolific invader C. lutrensis, to investigate if differences in their diversity and structure are determined by their host or depend more on the ecology and geographical location where they occur. Our results suggest that at this taxonomic level, the external environment of the fish is the strongest corollary of microbial diversity and community composition of the gut, followed to a lesser extent by species identity and genetic factors. Our findings emphasise the dynamic nature of the minnow gut microbiome, with high individual variation and rapid changes over time. We also found that new invasions may reduce the invader's gut microbiome alpha diversity while not conferring any clear distinction compared with cohabiting native species. This research addresses the perennial question of whether nature or nurture plays a greater role in shaping the gut microbiome, revealing the intricate interplay of factors and scales involved.},
}
@article {pmid40827212,
year = {2025},
author = {Buchanan, AEV and Gillingham, PK and Andreou, D and Hodder, KH and Toups, MA and Butler, H and Hardouin, EA},
title = {Climate Change Does Not Directly Influence Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) Distribution in Western Europe.},
journal = {microPublication biology},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40827212},
issn = {2578-9430},
abstract = {Climate change presents ongoing risks to species like the red squirrel, which, despite its wide range, faces pressures from multiple threats (fragmentation, invasive species, among others). This study assesses the relationship of red squirrel distribution across Western Europe with bioclimatic variables to predict future climate impacts. However, our results suggest that bioclimatic factors have limited predictive power, with no direct impacts identified. Indirect effects, such as the expansion of grey squirrels, may still worsen challenges for red squirrel populations. Addressing these by maintaining habitat quality and connectivity through targeted conservation measures will be crucial for ensuring red squirrel persistence.},
}
@article {pmid40826961,
year = {2025},
author = {Mo, L and Jiang, X and Lin, M and Zhou, Z and Wu, Z and Huang, J},
title = {Integrating Metabolomics and Behavioral Assays to Identify 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid as a Candidate Component of Sex Pheromone in Invasive Pomacea canaliculata.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {73},
number = {34},
pages = {21453-21462},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5c06394},
pmid = {40826961},
issn = {1520-5118},
mesh = {*Sex Attractants/metabolism/chemistry ; Animals ; Metabolomics ; *Phenylacetates/metabolism/chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Introduced Species ; *Snails/chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Behavior, Animal ; },
abstract = {Pomacea canaliculata, a destructive invasive species, threatens agriculture and ecosystems globally. Environmentally safe control methods like sex pheromones remain unexplored for this snail. Integrating behavioral tests, metabolomics, and field trials, we identified key chemical ecology traits. Male P. canaliculata were strongly attracted to virgin female-conditioned water, specifically its medium ultrafiltrate, but unresponsive to male or mated female samples. Nontargeted metabolomics of 135 up-regulated metabolites in virgin females pinpointed 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as a critical attractant. Behavioral assays confirmed its unique efficacy in luring males, while structural analogs failed, indicating specificity. Field trials validated its practical trapping potential, with optimal performance at a concentration of 1 mol/L. This study identifies 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as a candidate component of sex pheromone in P. canaliculata, offering a targeted strategy for eco-friendly population control. These findings advance invasive species management by enabling pheromone-based traps, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and mitigating ecological impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40826163,
year = {2025},
author = {Abiy, E and Degefa, T and Balkew, M and Merga, H and Alemayehu, E and Mitiku, A and Lee, MC and Yan, G and Yewhalaw, D},
title = {Susceptibility of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia to novel chemical insecticides and insect growth regulator.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {30268},
pmid = {40826163},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {D43 TW001505/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI129326/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; D43 TW001505, R01 A1050243 and U19 AI129326//NIH,USA/ ; },
abstract = {The presence of invasive Anopheles stephensi has been confirmed from field studies in several urban, peri-urban and rural areas of Ethiopia. Recent studies have shown that these mosquitoes are resistant to common public health insecticides, namely pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin), Carbamates (bendiocarb and propoxur), and organophosphates (pirimiphos-methyl). This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of populations of An. stephensi from Ethiopia to novel chemical insecticides recently recommended for vector control, namely, broflanilide (a meta-diamide targeting GABA receptors), clothianidin (a neonicotinoid disrupting nerve signals), and chlorfenapyr (a pyrrole disrupting respiratory pathways), as well as pyriproxyfen (an insect growth regulator mimicking an insect juvenile hormone which results in adult mosquito emergence inhibition), which is recommended for mosquito larval control. The WHO bottle bioassay test was conducted to assess the susceptibility level of populations of An. stephensi reared from larval collections exposed to recommended diagnostic doses of broflanilide, clothianidin, chlorfenapyr, and pyriproxyfen at 18 µg/bottle, 10 µg/bottle 100 µg/bottle, and 100 µg/bottle, respectively. The solvent used was either a mixture of Mero and acetone or acetone alone. Control bottles were treated with solvent only. Mortality was recorded 24 hours post- exposure for all the insecticides and continued to 72 hours post- exposure for chlorfenapyr and pyriproxyfen. The effect of pyriproxyfen on mosquito fecundity (oviposition) was also assessed over four days after 72 hours holding period.Mortality rates of An. stephensi 24 hrs post-exposure to broflanilide and clothianidin was 100% (100/100), while mortality rates at 24 and 48 hrs post-exposure to chlorfenapyr was 66% (66/100), and 100% (100/100), respectively indicating high susceptibility of populations of An stephensi to the three candidate chemical insecticides. Mortality rates of An. stephensi 24hr , 48hr and 72 hr post-exposure to pyriproxyfen was 0%, 11% (11/100), and 15% (15/100), respectively. There was no mosquito mortality in the controls. Moreover, oviposition inhibition rate in adult female of An. stephensi exposed to pyriproxyfen was 100% while oviposition rate in adult female of An.stephensi in the control was 100%.The study revealed that populations of An. stephensi from Ethiopia were fully susceptible to the three novel chemical insecticides (broflanilide, chlorfenapyr and clothianidin) and an insect growth regulator (Pyriproxyfen) resulted in complete oviposition inhibition. These findings suggest that the tested candidate chemical insecticides and insect growth regulator (IGR) can be used for indoor residual spraying (IRS) and larviciding, respectively for the control of an invasive malaria vector An. stephensi in Ethiopia.},
}
@article {pmid40824309,
year = {2025},
author = {Schantz, AV and Stutz, R and Steinhoff, A and Peter, N and Klimpel, S},
title = {Metazoan parasite fauna of the American mink (Neogale vison) in comparison with the closely related European mink (Mustela lutreola) in Europe.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {124},
number = {8},
pages = {92},
pmid = {40824309},
issn = {1432-1955},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mink/parasitology ; Europe/epidemiology ; Feces/parasitology ; *Parasites/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Introduced Species ; Germany ; Prevalence ; *Parasitic Diseases, Animal/parasitology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The American mink Neogale vison is native to North America and was introduced to Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century. Although N. vison is not yet listed as an invasive species in Europe, it is suspected of having negative impacts on native ecosystems. The native European mink Mustela lutreola is considered highly endangered in Europe and the population is continuously declining. It is assumed that the American mink is having an impact on the remaining populations. 50 American mink from Central Europe (Hesse/Germany) were comprehensively examined parasitologically through necropsy and fecal analysis. Further, an extensive literature search on parasitization was done to compare the American and European mink in Europe. Nine parasite species (two ecto- and seven endoparasites) could be identified parasitizing N. vison in this study. Through necropsy, the highest prevalence was achieved by Ixodes ticks with > 65.0%, the most common endoparasite was Isthmiophiora melis with 24.0%. Capillaria putorii and C. aerophila were detected in American mink in Germany for the first time by this investigation. The literature search resulted in the identification of 65 parasite species in twelve European countries for N. vison and 37 parasite species in six European countries for M. lutreola. Neogale vison is superior in body size, establishing well in Europe, appears to carry a more diverse parasite fauna and seems to be in direct competition to the disappearing European mink.},
}
@article {pmid40823256,
year = {2025},
author = {Rohrbach, C and Wallentin, G and Bila Dubaić, J and Lanner, J},
title = {Leveraging sequential least-cost modelling to uncover multiple introductions: a case study of an invasive wild bee species.},
journal = {Landscape ecology},
volume = {40},
number = {8},
pages = {177},
pmid = {40823256},
issn = {0921-2973},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Invasive species pose a significant threat to biodiversity, creating a need for accurate methods to assess their spread. Although multiple introductions are common, estimates of expansion rates often assume a single introduction site due to limited knowledge of population structure.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This multidisciplinary study aimed to develop a novel spatio-temporal approach to delineate potential populations without prior knowledge of population structure. We applied this approach to the Sculptured Resin Bee, Europe's first non-native bee species, providing regional expansion rate estimates for its spread across Europe.<br><br>METHODS: Observation data from 2008 to 2024 were analysed. Based on an environmental suitability map, sequential least-cost modelling was applied in annual time steps, linking each new observation to the nearest known observation via a least-cost path. Populations were delineated by excluding high-cost paths and analysing the connectivity of the remaining paths, and expansion rates were calculated using the distance regression method.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified two populations, which align with known genetic groups in the area of France, Switzerland and Austria. Our modelling results also indicate two additional populations introduced to Italy and Serbia. Expansion rates ranged from 13.3&#xa0;km/year to 58.6&#xa0;km/year and peaked at 89.7&#xa0;km/year during expansion phases, exhibiting a consistent sigmoidal expansion pattern.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our spatio-temporal approach delineates introduced populations without prior genetic knowledge, improving expansion rate estimation and informing targeted genetic sampling, monitoring, and management efforts of invasive species.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02188-9.},
}
@article {pmid40820899,
year = {2025},
author = {Ullah, F and Güncan, A and Gul, H and Li, X and Guedes, RNC and Desneux, N and Lu, Y},
title = {Cyantraniliprole-mediated transgenerational hormesis in the invasive tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {12},
pages = {8344-8355},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70136},
pmid = {40820899},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {2023A02006//Major Science and Technology Projects in Xinjiang/ ; 2023R5249//Zhejiang High-level Talents Special Support Program/ ; 2024SSYS0105//Key R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology ; *Moths/drug effects/growth &amp; development/genetics/physiology ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; *Hormesis/drug effects ; Larva/drug effects/growth &amp; development/genetics ; Introduced Species ; *Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Fertility/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hormesis, a biphasic dose-response phenomenon, is gaining recognition for its bioregulatory and practical implications. Invasive species present a critical context for studying hormesis, because sublethal population-level responses may facilitate establishment and spread, particularly when transgenerational effects are involved. The invasive South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, a global agricultural pest, exemplifies this scenario. Despite its relevance, the role of hormesis, particularly in response to novel insecticides like cyantraniliprole, a second-generation anthranilic diamide widely used against lepidopteran pests, remains underexplored. Thus, using age-stage, two-sex life table analyses and nanocarrier-mediated RNA interference, we examined the sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on T. absoluta.<br><br>RESULTS: Cyantraniliprole exhibited high toxicity to third-instar larvae, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.72&#x2009;mg&#x2009;L[-1] after 72&#x2009;h of exposure. Sublethal and low lethal concentrations (LC10 and LC30) prolonged developmental times and reduced adult longevity and fecundity in exposed individuals. Intriguingly, exposure to LC10 in subsequent generations (F1 and F2) shortened developmental times and increased survival, reproduction and life table parameters, whereas exposure to LC30 significantly impaired these traits. Gene expression analyses revealed reduced levels of development and reproduction-related genes (Vg, VgR and JHBP) in parental insects but increased levels in F1 and F2 at LC10, whereas the levels of expression remained consistent at LC30. Overexpression of detoxification-related P450 genes (CYP4M116, CYP6AW1 and CYP9A307v2) persisted over generations, whereas nanomaterial-encapsulated dsRNA targeting these genes significantly increased susceptibility to cyantraniliprole.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Cyantraniliprole induces a transgenerational hormesis-like response in T. absoluta. These findings highlight the need to evaluate the hormetic-like effects when designing ecologically sound pest management strategies for this invasive pest species. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40820869,
year = {2025},
author = {Simão, J and Ferreira, GDDS and Barbosa, LR and Santos, FD and Amaro, GC and Marchioro, CA},
title = {Climatically suitable areas for Hylobius abietis and Hylobius pales: a global and regional analysis considering economic risks for pine production.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {12},
pages = {8477-8486},
pmid = {40820869},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {408606/2018-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 2022TR001364//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa e Inova&#xe7;&#xe3;o do Estado de Santa Catarina/ ; 2022TR001364//Foundation for Research Support of Santa Catarina/ ; 408606/2018-5//Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {*Pinus/growth &amp; development ; Animals ; *Weevils/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Climate ; Brazil ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The weevils Hylobius abietis and Hylobius pales are major pests of pine species within their native ranges. Their potential spread to Pinus-producing regions outside these areas could result in substantial economic and ecological losses, underscoring the need for studies that identify regions at greater risk of invasion.<br><br>RESULTS: Climate suitability maps, generated using the MaxEnt machine learning algorithm, identified climatically suitable areas for H. abietis and H. pales in multiple regions beyond their native ranges. These areas include several Pinus-producing countries in the Southern Hemisphere (e.g., Australia, Brazil, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa), as well as locations near ports, airports, or major international trade hubs. In Brazil, 68.1% of Pinus-producing areas fall within the suitable range for H. abietis, while 91.5% of cultivated Pinus areas are suitable range for H. pales. Among the 588 Pinus-producing municipalities, 48 depend on this economic activity to a moderate or high degree. Additionally, the analysis revealed that 42.0% of these municipalities face a moderate to high economic risk in the event of an invasion by H. abietis, while 90.5% are at risk from H. pales.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the importance of incorporating region-specific data to improve invasion risk map accuracy and guide preventive actions against two major forest pests. Most Pinus-producing municipalities in Brazil face moderate to high economic risk from potential invasions by H. abietis and H. pales, emphasizing the need for proactive prevention strategies. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40820650,
year = {2025},
author = {Dickie, IA and Allen, WJ and Waller, LP},
title = {When the novelty wears off: enemy spillover drives plant invasion success.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {4},
pages = {1686-1691},
pmid = {40820650},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//Tertiary Education Commission CORE funding to Bioprotection Aotearoa/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Herbivory ; *Plants/microbiology ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Integrating plant physiological traits (ideal weed hypothesis) and interactions with enemies (enemy release hypothesis) may be key to understanding plant invasions. Contrary to enemy release, recent evidence suggests that invasive plants often accumulate generalist enemies due to the same r-selected physiological traits that often drive invasive success. Despite high enemy loads, successful invasive plants can remain dominant due to high growth rates rather than due to lack of damage. Consequently, generalist herbivore and pathogen populations may be amplified by invaders and can spillover onto native plants, with these indirect interactions disproportionately affecting native rather than invasive plant species via apparent competition. Where this occurs, the generalist enemies of invasive plants may instead be hidden allies that amplify invader success and impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40820352,
year = {2025},
author = {Le, H and Vilà, M and Zhao, C and Xiong, G and Xu, W and Xie, Z},
title = {Temporal and spatial changes of ecological strategies of native and alien plant assemblages in response to chronic disturbances.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {136},
number = {7},
pages = {1575-1583},
pmid = {40820352},
issn = {1095-8290},
support = {Grant No. 2019YFD1100403//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; Grant No. 202304910564//Program of China Scholarship Council/ ; },
mesh = {China ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Successional theory predicts directional shifts in plant community composition following disturbance. However, the long-term effects of chronic, recurring disturbances on plant ecological strategies at the community level in human-altered landscapes, and how they differ between the assemblages of native and alien species, remain poorly understood.<br><br>METHODS: Using Grime's competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal (CSR) framework, we examine temporal and spatial changes in plant strategies at the community level in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Based on repeated plant community surveys in 2012 and 2018 at the same localities, we assess the differences in the assemblages of native and alien strategies in response to chronic disturbances by extreme hydrological fluctuations and intense human activities over time and along a shoreline-to-upland disturbance gradient.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Our results reveal a temporal shift in native assemblages, with a decline in R-score and an increase in C- and S-scores, while alien assemblages maintained a strong R-strategy. Spatial patterns show that native assemblages adopted a mid-elevation peak in C-strategy, with S- and R-strategies dominating at higher and lower elevations, respectively. In contrast, there is no spatial variation in the CSR strategies of alien plant assemblages.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that chronic disturbances (e.g. water fluctuations and human activities) drive a spatiotemporal decoupling of the CSR strategies between native and alien plant assemblages. This divergence requires targeted management by prioritizing suppression of ruderal alien species and promoting competitive and stress-tolerant native species to guide succession dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid40818767,
year = {2025},
author = {Kerr, RC and Small, HJ and Bass, D and Al Arimi, WS and Ross, S and Pevsner, R and Williams, B and van Aerle, R and Stentiford, G and Bateman, K},
title = {The first report of Hematodinium perezi genotype I infection of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) from the River Thames, UK.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {108427},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108427},
pmid = {40818767},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/parasitology ; Genotype ; United Kingdom ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics ; Rivers ; },
abstract = {Hematodinium is a genus of parasitic dinoflagellates which infects marine decapods, including several which are utilised in the global commercial crustacean fishery. Histological screening of the invasive Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) collected from the River Thames UK in 2018 revealed infection by a parasite with features of Hematodinium spp. Molecular analysis of gill tissues from infected crabs confirmed the presence of Hematodinium spp. and more specifically, Hematodinium perezi genotype I, which has previously been reported infecting crustacean species native to the UK (Carcinus maenas and Liocarcinus depurator), including from locations from the nearby English Channel. This is the first report of Hematodinium perezi infecting Chinese mitten crabs in either its native (Asian) or invasive host range. It is proposed that the Chinese mitten crab has acquired this parasite in UK waters subsequent to its introduction several decades ago. This finding is of particular interest for the future aquaculture of this species in its native range since it may indicate susceptibility to infection with Hematodinium perezi genotype II, a parasite prevalent in other crustacean species farmed in Asia. Parasites of the Hematodinium genus have been shown to cause high prevalence infection and disease in numerous farmed and fished crustacean species from around the world and this study marks a confirmed extension of that host range and the potential for Chinese mitten crabs to acquire novel infections within their invasive ranges.},
}
@article {pmid40818505,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, KS and Chetty, D and Chouvenc, T and Velenovsky, JF and Lee, SB and Rana, S and Vargo, EL},
title = {Transgressive gene expression disrupts the molting process in hybrids of two invasive termites.},
journal = {Insect biochemistry and molecular biology},
volume = {184},
number = {},
pages = {104383},
doi = {10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104383},
pmid = {40818505},
issn = {1879-0240},
mesh = {Animals ; *Isoptera/genetics/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Molting/genetics ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Introduced Species ; Gene Expression ; },
abstract = {The Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus) and the Asian subterranean termite (Coptotermes gestroi) are among the most destructive termite pests in the world. Both species have spread to various regions worldwide with overlapping distributions in a few areas where they can potentially hybridize. Observations suggest that workers in hybrid colonies are slower to molt than those of the parental species, suggesting a disruption in the molting process as a form of hybrid incompatibility. Our goal was to identify misexpressed genes in hybrids during the molting process to help uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying molting disruption. We conducted RNA-seq and identified molting-related genes by performing a time course analysis on differentially expressed transcripts. We identified molting-related genes during each stage of the molting cycle (pre-, post- and inter-molt) in the parental species. We then compared expression levels of these genes in the hybrids to identify genes that were transgressively expressed (either over- or under-expressed) compared to the parental species. We identified several genes related to the molting cycle, muscle contraction, response to stress, and ecdysone metabolism that were under-expressed in hybrids relative to their parents. These differences may help explain the disruption of molting in hybrids and provide insights into the effects of hybridization on misexpression of genes during critical periods of growth and development. Moreover, identification of molting related genes in subterranean termites highlights the molecular pathways involved in the molting process in this group of insects with high developmental plasticity.},
}
@article {pmid40817690,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, R and Wang, Z and Ruan, X and Peng, Y and Sang, Y and Liao, W and Wang, T and Su, Y},
title = {Genomic insights on Mikania micrantha invasiveness: gene family expansion, transposable elements, gene expression, and population structure.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {2},
pages = {1021-1043},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70448},
pmid = {40817690},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {31872670//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32071781//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021A1515010911//Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; JCYJ20210324141000001//Project of Department of Science and Technology of Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China/ ; JCYJ20230807110359040//Project of Department of Science and Technology of Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China/ ; JCYJ20240813150103005//Project of Department of Science and Technology of Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China/ ; //Research Project of the Reform about Teaching Method and Skills from Sun Yat-Sen University and Guangdong Province/ ; 202206010107//Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou/ ; },
mesh = {*Mikania/genetics/physiology ; *DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Genomics ; *Multigene Family ; *Genome, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Genes, Plant ; },
abstract = {Mikania micrantha is an aggressive climbing vine that poses significant threats to ecosystems and causes severe agricultural and economic losses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptive evolution and invasion dynamics remain unclear. Comprehensive genomics and resequencing analyses were conducted to unravel the factors driving the adaptive evolution and invasion dynamics of M. micrantha. We confirmed the chromosome number of M. micrantha as 2n = 2x = 36 and generated chromosome-scale genomes for M. micrantha (1.53 Gb) and its native congener M. cordata (1.68 Gb). Comparative genomics identifies three key differences in M. micrantha compared to its native congener: the expansion of growth/defense gene families, transposon-mediated genomic diversity, and stress-related paralog expression plasticity. Whole-genome resequencing revealed high genomic similarity across southern China due to multiple introductions and introgression. Regulatory plasticity in the auxin signaling pathway (miR167a-ARF8) might provide a competitive advantage for M. micrantha. Mikania micrantha exhibited a higher copy number and expression of benzoxazinoids biosynthesis-related genes compared to M. cordata, potentially enhancing its defensive capabilities. This study provides new genomic insights into the invasive success of M. micrantha and suggests that targeting the auxin signaling pathway may offer a promising strategy for controlling the spread of this invasive weed.},
}
@article {pmid40817650,
year = {2025},
author = {Fenollosa, E and Munné-Bosch, S and Pintó-Marijuan, M},
title = {Invasion Amid the Shadows: Ecophysiological Dissimilarity and Microhabitat Constraints on an Exotic Succulent in a Mediterranean Ecosystem.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {177},
number = {4},
pages = {e70455},
pmid = {40817650},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {//Generalitat de Catalunya/ ; //Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; //Universitat de Barcelona/ ; },
mesh = {Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Introduced Species ; *Mesembryanthemum/metabolism/radiation effects ; Spain ; Sunlight ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {Prevention is the most cost-effective strategy for managing plant invasions, which includes defining the potential of exotic species to inhabit different environmental conditions. The limiting similarity hypothesis suggests that resemblance to native species facilitates the establishment and spread of exotics in a non-native range. However, this similarity has rarely been quantified in terms of the physiological strategies used to cope with seasonal environmental variability. Here, we explored for the first time the multivariate ecophysiological similarity between an exotic species and the native community to assess where the invader might succeed. Specifically, we contrasted the physiological annual response of the declared potential invader Aptenia cordifolia relative to six coexistent native species in two contrasting environmental conditions (under canopy and at high irradiance) in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem. The invasive species exhibited distinct physiological responses, demonstrating partial alignment with native traits under specific conditions. At the high irradiance site, the exotic species was the least efficient at counteracting both summer and winter stresses; whereas in the under-canopy habitat, it exhibited greater ecophysiological dissimilarity from the native community. Our results score the potential of multivariate physiological analysis for guiding habitat prioritization in invasion management and biodiversity conservation in Mediterranean-type ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40817242,
year = {2025},
author = {Farooq, S},
title = {Climate-driven spread of giant hogweed [Heracleum mantegazzianum (Sommier &amp; Levier) in Turkey: assessing future invasion risks under CMIP6 climate projections.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1079},
pmid = {40817242},
issn = {1471-2229},
mesh = {Turkey ; *Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Biological invasions pose significant ecological and socio-economic threats globally. Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is an invasive plant, extensively invading Europe and North America. It exerts negative impacts on ecosystems, native vegetation, and public health in the invaded range. Although H. mantegazzianum has not been reported from Turkey yet, ecological conditions of the country similar to those prevailing in its native and invaded ranges suggest a high introduction and spread risk for Turkey. Therefore, the current study predicted the introduction and future invasion risk of H. mantegazzianum in Turkey under current and future Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) projections.<br><br>METHODS: Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict introduction and future invasion risk using occurrence data from native and invaded ranges and global environmental data. Only climatic data were used for modeling as future data for soil and socioeconomic attributes are currently unavailable. Multicollinearity among environmental variables was tested and 10 least correlated variables, i.e., bio1 (annual mean temperature), bio2 (mean diurnal range), bio4 (temperature seasonality), bio5 (max temperature of warmest month), bio6 (min temperature of coldest month), bio7 (temperature annual range), bio10 (mean temperature of warmest quarter), bio11 (mean temperature of coldest quarter), bio14 (precipitation of driest month), and bio15 (precipitation seasonality) were used to train and test the model. Furthermore, the model was optimized before training and testing. The model was trained and tested with 18,607 occurrence records of which 75% and 25% were split for training and testing, respectively. Future invasion risk was predicted under two CMIP6 climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Predictive accuracy of the model was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), true skill statistics (TSS), sensitivity and specificity.<br><br>RESULTS: MaxEnt model predicted introduction and future invasion risk of H. mantegazzianum with high accuracy (AUC&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.97&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.02; TSS&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.94&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.04, Kappa&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.92&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.03, sensitivity&#x2009;=&#x2009;93.40&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;2.20, and specificity&#x2009;=&#x2009;94.80&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;3.40). The bio14, bio6 and bio1 had the highest permutation importance indicating that temperature and precipitation changes will mediate the introduction and future invasion of H. mantegazzianum. A total 4.2% of Turkey's land area (31.2 thousand km[2]) was predicted highly suitable for the introduction of H. mantegazzianum in the Black Sea region under current climate. The CMIP6 climate projections suggest a&#x2009;~&#x2009;50% decline in highly suitable habitats, and aggregation around the Black Sea coast.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Climate change is expected to reduce the overall range of H. mantegazzianum in Turkey but may intensify impacts in Black Sea region due to aggregation. Proactive monitoring and management strategies targeting high invasion risk areas guided by invasion risk maps from this study are urgently needed mitigate ecological and socio-economic consequences of H. mantegazzianum in Turkey.},
}
@article {pmid40817099,
year = {2025},
author = {Turner, AA and Clark, ML and Salas, L and Seymour, C and Snyder, RL and Lee, ATK and Ferraz, A and Schneider, F and Measey, J and Huisamen, J and Cloete, D and Hofmeyr, SD and Hagen, C and Leland, DF and Schackwitz, W and Adegbola, F and Hahndiek, E and Joseph, GS and Van Rooi, J and Fuchs, M and Thomas, S and Madlala, S and Spiby, J and Taljaard, P},
title = {BioSoundSCape: A bioacoustic dataset for the Fynbos Biome.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1432},
pmid = {40817099},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {80NSSC22K0830//National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ ; 80NSSC21K0086//National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ ; },
mesh = {South Africa ; *Ecosystem ; *Biodiversity ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Acoustics ; Animals ; Sound ; Vocalization, Animal ; },
abstract = {Most biodiversity data are collected at fine spatial scales, but threats to species and ecosystems occur at broad spatial scales. Remote sensing allows broad-scale assessment of biodiversity but these data need to be ground-truthed with contemporaneous in situ datasets. Various faunal groups produce sounds or vocalizations which can then be related to remotely-sensed data. As part of the NASA-led BioSCape project, the BioSoundSCape project deployed Autonomous Recording Units (ARUs), which record sounds in an approximately 50 m radius, at 521 sites spread across an area of approximately 119,058 km[2] in the Greater Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, during the wet and dry seasons of 2023. The ARUs recorded sounds one in every ten minutes, over 4-10 days, producing 825,832 minutes of recordings (approximately 400,000 minutes of recording in each season). These sound data are georeferenced to within 20 m, with time and date information, so may be useful for relating biodiversity patterns in soundscapes to vegetation structure, fire history, plant phenology, distance to roads and other human infrastructure.},
}
@article {pmid40816260,
year = {2025},
author = {Gómez-Llano, M and Yamamichi, M and Siepielski, AM},
title = {Sexual Conflict in Resident Species Can Facilitate Establishment of a Maladapted Invader.},
journal = {The American naturalist},
volume = {206},
number = {3},
pages = {272-284},
doi = {10.1086/736568},
pmid = {40816260},
issn = {1537-5323},
mesh = {Female ; Male ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; Models, Biological ; Biological Evolution ; Competitive Behavior ; *Adaptation, Biological ; Reproduction ; },
abstract = {AbstractMost species distributions are dynamic, and as species distributions change they often encounter novel environments and resident species. To establish new populations, ecologically similar species compete with residents for resources while adapting to the environment. Yet local adaptation in residents can allow them to outcompete maladapted invaders and prevent their establishment. Indeed, local adaptation often improves male condition but also intensifies sexual conflict, a process where males increase their fitness while decreasing female fitness. Using an eco-evolutionary model, we show that sexual conflict can prevent adapted residents from monopolizing resources. This cost of adaptation in the residents opens a window of opportunity for the establishment of maladapted invaders. Female resistance to male harm can, however, prevent the invader from establishing. Sexual conflict can therefore reduce differences in competitive ability, facilitating establishment, but does not affect niche differences. However, when sexual conflict is density dependent, it can facilitate resident and invader coexistence, even when interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. Our results show that reproductive interactions may critically shape the dynamics of species invasions and species coexistence.},
}
@article {pmid40815303,
year = {2025},
author = {R, M and Das, B and Kumar, P},
title = {Predicting the global invasion risk of ambrosia beetle Euplatypus parallelus under climate change based on CMIP6 projections.},
journal = {International journal of biometeorology},
volume = {69},
number = {11},
pages = {3035-3048},
pmid = {40815303},
issn = {1432-1254},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; *Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801) is a highly destructive invasive insect pest endemic to the Neotropics, causing economic and ecological damage to natural forests, plantations, and fruit trees. We employed the MaxEnt model to predict the global suitability of E. parallelus under current and future scenarios based on the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) 126 and SSP585 in 2050 and 2070, utilizing the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset. The model demonstrated remarkable performance achieving AUC values of 0.964 and 0.957, TSS of 0.841 and 0.796, and CBI of 0.967 and 0.928 during model calibration and validation, respectively. The temperature seasonality BIO4 (43.8%), annual precipitation BIO12 (31.2%), and minimum temperature of the coldest month BIO6 (14.7) were the most significant bioclimatic variables affecting the distribution of E. parallelus. The model shows that the maximum suitability of E. parallelus is primarily concentrated in Asia, Africa, and South America. Future climate change predicts a 12.85% expansion in suitable habitat areas for E. parallelus. Our predictions demonstrate that the biological suitability and global potential spread of E. parallelus would increase under the SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios in 2050 and 2070. The study findings will help the researchers, policymakers, and academicians to plan, develop, and implement effective preventive strategies to combat the spread and infestation of E. parallelus.},
}
@article {pmid40814410,
year = {2025},
author = {Niederman, TE and Aronson, JN and Gainsbury, AM and Nunes, LA and Dreiss, LM},
title = {US Imperiled species and the five drivers of biodiversity loss.},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {75},
number = {7},
pages = {524-533},
pmid = {40814410},
issn = {0006-3568},
abstract = {We synthesized reported threats to US imperiled species to identify which of the five predominant drivers of biodiversity loss-climate change, invasive species, land and sea use change, pollution, and overexploitation-negatively influence species persistence across taxa. Using threats identified at listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assessments, and novel climate sensitivity assessments, we document which drivers affect the 2766 imperiled species analyzed. Our results are the first in which climate change has been identified as the leading threat to species listed under the ESA. We found that updated climate sensitivity assessments are essential for understanding the breadth of this threat. We also show that the majority of US imperiled species experience multiple threats, with some groups such as cnidarians, bivalves, and amphibians facing a higher total number than average. As climate change rapidly accelerates, we emphasize the need for up-to-date assessments and highlight existing data gaps.},
}
@article {pmid40814196,
year = {2025},
author = {Inchaurregui, I and Olivares-Rubio, HF and García-Rodríguez, J and de Los Santos, O and Valencia-Esquivel, I and Arce, E},
title = {Native and invasive cichlid fish respond differently to thermal challenge.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {1879-1888},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70186},
pmid = {40814196},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//Secretar&#xed;a de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog&#xed;a e Innovaci&#xf3;n (Secihti)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Cichlids/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Temperature ; Swimming ; *Global Warming ; Feeding Behavior ; Predatory Behavior ; Aggression ; },
abstract = {Global warming affects aquatic organisms by increasing water temperature, which leads to changes in numerous abiotic and biotic factors. The combined effects of habitat warming and biological invasions pose a serious risk to native fish, especially if native species are more sensitive to warming than invasives. In this work, we evaluated whether increasing water temperature affects the behaviours of swimming activity, aggressive interactions, capture attempts, prey consumed and foraging efficiency of the native Mexican mojarra and the invasive convict cichlid. To do this, we exposed 20 juveniles of each species to either a constant water temperature treatment at 28°C for 15 days (control group) or to a gradual increase in temperature from 28°C to 35°C over the same period (treatment group). In both species, individuals in the group exposed to experimental warming had lower swimming activity than those in the control group and in the convict a higher number of aggressive interactions than those in the control group. However, the species showed opposing effects of warming on feeding-related behaviours: in the Mexican mojarra, the number of capture attempts, prey consumed and capture efficiency were higher in the group exposed to thermal increase than in the control group, whereas in the convict cichlid, these behaviours were lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Thus, the convict cichlid showed stronger potentially adverse effects of habitat warming than the Mexican mojarra in behaviours associated with foraging. This is the first comparison of the behavioural effects of habitat warming between invasive and native cichlid fishes. Other studies of the ecological implications of habitat warming in the Amacuzac River are necessary to support the conservation of the native Mexican mojarra in the presence of the invasive convict cichlid.},
}
@article {pmid40814169,
year = {2025},
author = {Wen, TY and Wu, XQ and Ye, JR},
title = {Metabolome analysis and functional characterization reveals that d-gluconic acid contributes to pine defence against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {12},
pages = {8395-8408},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70146},
pmid = {40814169},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {32401589//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; BK20230392//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; 2021YFD1400903//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; //Excellent Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Pinus/parasitology/metabolism/immunology ; Animals ; *Metabolome ; *Gluconates/metabolism ; *Plant Diseases/parasitology/immunology ; *Tylenchida/physiology ; Metabolomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pines (Pinus L.) are widely cultivated for their rich resin content and ease of wood processing. However, pines are constantly threatened by pine wood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), causing a large number of pine forests to wilt and die. Pinus massoniana and P. thunbergii are both major host species for PWN. Previous studies have found that P. thunbergii is more sensitive to PWN than P. massoniana. It is particularly important to understand the differential sensitivity mechanisms against PWN among pine species in order to ensure their balanced growth and protect their diversity. Therefore, this study analyzed and identified the main differential metabolic pathway between P. massoniana and P. thunbergii through metabolomics.<br><br>RESULTS: We compared the disease phenotypes of P.&#x2009;massoniana and P.&#x2009;thunbergii inoculated with PWN. And we further analyzed metabolome data to screen the different resistance pathways in the two pine species. As a result, the pentose phosphate pathway, in which d-gluconate was the key difference substance, was prominent in the resistance difference of P.&#x2009;massoniana and P.&#x2009;thunbergii. The levels of G6DPH, NADPH and organic acids in P.&#x2009;massoniana were significantly higher than those in P.&#x2009;thunbergii to better maintain redox balance. The content of these substances in P.&#x2009;thunbergii increased after treatment with exogenous d-gluconic acid, and its ability to resist nematodes was comparable to that of P.&#x2009;massoniana. Moreover, d-gluconic acid was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy to restore the damage of pine cells.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This discovery indicated that activating the pentose phosphate pathway could increase the ability of pine trees to defend against nematodes, which not only enhances the understanding of pine resistance, but also promotes breeding research on pine trees and provides a novel perspective for the development of new insecticidal substances. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40813409,
year = {2025},
author = {Akomolafe, GF and Ocheola, WO and Rosazlina, R and Ojija, F and Xue, S and Omomoh, BE},
title = {Intraspecific functional traits of an invasive alien plant, Hyptis suaveolens differ with respect to land use types.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29877},
pmid = {40813409},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Nigeria ; *Hyptis/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Roots ; },
abstract = {Hyptis suaveolens is an invasive alien plant which possesses traits that drive its impacts and interruption of ecosystem processes. In this study, the intraspecific functional traits of H. suaveolens were assessed in some invaded parts of Nasarawa State in Nigeria to test whether the functional traits (FTs) of H. suaveolens would differ with respect to the land use types at the different study sites. Invaded sites of size 100 m × 100 m were chosen at farmland, abandoned land and roadside of Lafia, Doma and Akwanga, Nasarawa State. At each site, the functional traits were determined towards the end of the growing season using ten consecutive 1.5 × 1.5 m[2] quadrants positioned at 2 m intervals along a 100 m transect. Also, the diversity indices were quantified and compared across the sites at each location. Principal component analysis with the option of a varimax rotation was used to isolate axes of specialization of the plant at all the sites. The results showed that H. suaveolens utilize different functional traits as their drivers with respect to individual sites in the three locations. Leaf area, stem bark thickness, fine root diameter, specific root length, rooting depth, and plant height are drivers in Doma. Leaf area, root depth distribution, stem specific density, fine root diameter, leaf dry matter content, stem dry matter content, specific root length and plant height are the drivers in Akwanga. Fine root diameter, Leaf dry matter content, Root depth distribution, Leaf area, Specific root length and plant height are the drivers in Lafia. These traits are indicators of their highly competitive ability, low inflammability, efficient acquisition, usage of resources and resistance to physical hazard.},
}
@article {pmid40812282,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Wang, Q and Fei, J and Zhang, S and Zhang, Q and Ma, B and Xu, S},
title = {Assessment of imazapyr's control effects and soil environmental safety in salt marsh wetlands invaded by Spartina alterniflora.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {221},
number = {},
pages = {118551},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118551},
pmid = {40812282},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; Soil/chemistry ; *Poaceae ; Introduced Species ; *Soil Microbiology ; China ; *Herbicides/toxicity ; Biodiversity ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Spartina alterniflora is a prevalent invasive species in the estuarine coastal wetlands of China. Effective control and management of S. alterniflora are crucial for preserving and enhancing the biodiversity and ecosystem functions of these wetlands. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the ecological impacts of control measures for S. alterniflora. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of imazapyr in removing S. alterniflora in salt marsh wetlands and to evaluate its ecological safety concerning the soil environment. The results showed that the herbicidal effect of imazapyr was significant one month after application, but imazapyr has a long soil residual activity, with trace residues still present one month after application at higher concentrations (dilution factor: 11.00). Thirty days after imazapyr application, most soil nutrients and bacterial diversity remained stable, but the fungal shannon index significantly increased. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased notably, while the abundance of Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and other phylum-level bacteria was inhibited by imazapyr. The fungal community structure, however, was not significantly impacted. Additionally, the spraying of imazapyr reduced the robustness of the microbial ecological network, making it more vulnerable. Interestingly, imazapyr application improved the soil health index in one month. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic changes in soil nutrients, microbial communities, and the overall soil health index following imazapyr application, thereby deepening our understanding of the soil environment after disturbance.},
}
@article {pmid40811994,
year = {2025},
author = {Vilanova Gallardo, M and Holgado Durán, H and Arechavaleta Faría, A and Rodríguez Hernández, A},
title = {Tubastraea coccinea (Lesson, 1830), a coral species with high invasive potential, can benefit from the synergistic effects of ocean warming and acidification.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {211},
number = {},
pages = {107430},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107430},
pmid = {40811994},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; *Seawater/chemistry ; *Global Warming ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Temperature rise and pH decrease, coupled with increasing maritime traffic, are inducing modifications in the distribution of many exotic species, such as Tubastraea coccinea, a species with high invasive potential recently recorded in the Canary Islands. This study assessed the effect of the expected end-of-century temperature and pH (26 °C and pH 7.50) on this coral species through manipulative laboratory experiments conducted over different time periods (30 days vs. 80 days). The impact of acidification, warming, and time on variables such as weight, buoyant weight, number of new polyps, area, respiration, calcification and reproduction rates were analysed. Results revealed a negative effect of acidification on growth and respiration rates of T. coccinea, with significant differences between experimental treatments in weight, buoyant weight, number of polyps, area, and respired carbon. However, in future, T. coccinea may not be adversely affected by low pH values, as the negative effect is mitigated when colonies are exposed to 26 °C. Using different experimental periods showed how this species' response is liable to change over time under future climate change conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40811509,
year = {2025},
author = {Pen, IAM and Benedict, C and Broe, MB and Delgado, A and Glon, H and Zhang, M and Daly, M},
title = {Resolving Acuticulata (Metridioidea: Enthemonae: Actiniaria), a clade containing many invasive species of sea anemones.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {8},
pages = {e0328544},
pmid = {40811509},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Phylogeny ; *Sea Anemones/genetics/classification ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Acuticulata is a globally distributed group in the actiniarian superfamily Metridioidea comprised of taxa with ecological, economic, and scientific significance. Prominent members such as Exaiptasia diaphana and Diadumene lineata serve as model organisms for studying coral symbiosis, bleaching phenomena, and ecological invasions. Despite their importance, unresolved phylogenetic relationships and outdated taxonomic frameworks hinder a full understanding of the diversity and evolution of the taxa in this clade. In this study, we employ a targeted sequence-capture approach to construct a robust phylogeny for Acuticulata, addressing long-standing questions about familial monophyly and comparing the results to results from a more conventional five-gene dataset. Specimens from previously underrepresented families and global regions, including the Falkland Islands, were included to elucidate evolutionary interrelationships and improve resolution. Our results support the monophyly of Aliciidae, Boloceroididae, Diadumenidae, Gonactiniidae, and Metridiidae. Our results reiterate the need for taxonomic revision within the family Sagartiidae, as the specimens we included from this family were recovered in four distinct clades. Based on our results, we transfer Paraiptasia from Aiptasiidae to Sagartiidae. These findings emphasize the utility of genome-scale data for resolving phylogenetic ambiguities for morphologically problematic taxa and suggest a framework for future integrative taxonomic and ecological studies within Acuticulata.},
}
@article {pmid40810866,
year = {2025},
author = {Hamman, E},
title = {Cumulative effects assessment under the World Heritage and Ramsar regimes.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {75},
number = {11},
pages = {2886-2900},
pmid = {40810866},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation &amp; jurisprudence/methods ; Climate Change ; Wetlands ; *Environmental Policy/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Introduced Species ; *International Cooperation ; },
abstract = {Managing cumulative pressures on socio-ecological systems presents as one of the foremost policy challenges of our time. Climate change, invasive species, development and pollution all have the potential to individually, and collectively, degrade the earth's natural and cultural resources. International environmental law, a crucial element of global environmental governance, has a role to play in prompting and coordinating a response to cumulative effects. Hitherto, however, international approaches have been fragmented and unfocused, further complicating the already challenging application of Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA) at the local level. This article examines how the two primary protected area treaties-the World Heritage Convention and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands-have evolved to address the concepts of CEA and cumulative effects. It uncovers instances of ambiguity and fragmentation in treaty guidance material and concludes with a suggestion for further empirical research into how CEA could (or should) apply in the context of internationally protected areas.},
}
@article {pmid40809824,
year = {2025},
author = {Cook, J and Roberts, BP and Labrosse, F and Snooke, N},
title = {Detecting and Mapping Invasive Species Across Riparian Corridors via Object Detection Approaches in UAV Imagery: An Example of Impatiens glandulifera.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {e71921},
pmid = {40809824},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Riparian zones in the United Kingdom have high species diversity but are prone to anthropogenic changes and alien plant invasions, like Impatiens glandulifera. However, identification can be challenging due to poor accessibility or visibility via tree canopies. UAVs provide a means to access previously inaccessible areas and capture imagery of the area. In this study, a method is introduced to identify the flowers of invasive species (Impatiens glandulifera) and map their locations using a computer vision framework and oblique image capture methods. The process includes thresholding images, image masking, blurring, ellipsoid shape search, noise reduction, and contour extraction. Locations are determined using camera parameters, EXIF data, and the average flower size, then converted into vector format for GIS software. This method is wrapped into a single executable program named the semi-automatic thresholding tool (SATT). A validation set of 312 UAV images from the River Elwy, North Wales, showed high precision (79%-96%) and mean average precision (mAP) scores of 73%-86%. This demonstrates that the SATT consistently and correctly identifies Impatiens glandulifera flowers from UAV imagery, making it effective for identifying hotspots and targeting management techniques along riparian corridors. The tool has been wrapped into a single-file executable program with a graphical user interface, enabling nonexperts to use the tool without the need of any software installation. Overall, the tool obtains consistent detection levels of abundance/or flower density across the study site. The tool also does not require an extensive amount of training data, and the intuitive design of the software enables nonexperts to utilize the tool and modify parameter values to adapt it to their needs.},
}
@article {pmid40809540,
year = {2025},
author = {Broadway, MS and Todaro, HM and Koeck, MM and Dotterweich, CN and Cain, SA and Buehler, L and Chitwood, MC and Lonsinger, RC},
title = {Interspecific effects of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) on native nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus).},
journal = {Journal of mammalogy},
volume = {106},
number = {4},
pages = {976-988},
pmid = {40809540},
issn = {0022-2372},
abstract = {Biological invasions pose significant risks to ecosystems and native species. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are a highly detrimental invasive species in North America, directly and indirectly affecting native species. Co-occurrence of wild pigs and native species may lead to interspecific interactions that alter ecological communities. Accordingly, we investigated spatial and temporal factors influencing detection and occupancy of Eurasian Wild Pig and Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) before examining interspecific effects. We analyzed camera-trap data collected from August to September 2021 using a hierarchical modeling framework to estimate detection and occupancy of both species individually (single-species analyses) and concurrently (conditional co-occurrence analyses). We observed higher Wild Pig detection rates and space use in late summer and in areas with greater riparian cover, respectively. Armadillo detection increased linearly throughout our sampling season and in response to precipitation. Moreover, armadillo detection was 3.5 to 5.1× higher at sites used by wild pigs, regardless of whether wild pigs were detected during a survey period. Occupancy of armadillo was best explained by a quadratic trend in site elevation but did not depend on the presence of wild pigs. Our results indicate that wild pigs may influence armadillo detection (or site-use intensity), but not occupancy, therefore revealing nuanced interspecific interactions. Between species, we observed high overlap in diel activity but significantly different activity peaks, with armadillos being strictly nocturnal and wild pigs being crepuscular but with more cathemeral activity, suggesting that fine-scale temporal partitioning may have occurred. Our results provide insights into the influence of a large-bodied and destructive invasive species (Wild Pig) on a smaller, ecologically important native species (Nine-banded Armadillo).},
}
@article {pmid40808771,
year = {2025},
author = {Schöttes, FM and Gethöffer, F and Tost, D and Kemper, N and Siebert, U},
title = {A behavioral study of live captured coypu (Myocastor coypus) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) with respect to animal welfare.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1619604},
pmid = {40808771},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {Since 2016, coypu (Myocastor coypus) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) have been listed as invasive alien species (IAS) of European Union concern (The Implementing Regulation (EU) 1141/2016). The three-stage management plan stipulates the prevention of the further spread of species already established in Germany (Regulation (EU) 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council). Live trapping is a commonly used instrument to catch animals in hunting practice, but also in species conservation and pet protection. As part of a comprehensive study to improve animal welfare in live trapping, this paper focuses on a behavioral study with the aim of assessing the behavior of trapped animals in relation to stress. Video recordings were analyzed using a species adjusted ethogram and a quantitative observation method with focus on the animal in the trap over a maximum six-hour period. Blood and hair samples were taken for endocrinological examinations. The results showed large species-specific and individual differences in the expression of a wide range of behavior and coping strategies. As part of the stress assessment, it was concluded that external factors, among others the type of trap, have an influence on the behavior of coypu and raccoon. The raccoons showed different behaviors depending on the individual data. The endocrinological examinations of the stress parameters cortisol and dehydroepiandrosteron (DHEA) measured in serum and hair revealed differences between the species, indicating differing basal values. For coypu, the measurements indicated differences in serum and hair cortisol levels between juvenile and adult coypu. The study shows substantial indicators, such as the design of the trap type and the duration of capture, can be used to contribute to improve practices in live capture of (wild) animals.},
}
@article {pmid40808644,
year = {2025},
author = {Cayen, SC and Outha, KA and Audate, PP},
title = {Ecosystem services of urban food forests and their contributions to health and sustainability of North American cities: a narrative review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental health research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1080/09603123.2025.2546646},
pmid = {40808644},
issn = {1369-1619},
abstract = {This narrative review synthesizes the ecosystem services of urban food forests and their contributions to urban health and food sustainability in North American cities. The study selection and analysis processes were inspired by scoping review methodologies, with predefined inclusion criteria for empirical peer-reviewed studies on urban food forests in Canada and the United States. This review is based on 13 studies published between 2018 and 2023, using case studies, policy analyses and both quantitative and qualitative methods. The review identifies key ecosystem services of urban food forests - sustainable food production, climate regulation, water management, carbon sequestration and air quality improvement - which enhance environmental health. Urban food forests also promote food security, biodiversity, and provide recreational and educational spaces that foster community engagement, resilience and social equity. However, their implementation faces challenges, including public space governance, maintenance costs, regulatory barriers and ecological risks such as invasive species. The review highlights the importance of governance approaches that integrate ecological integrity, public health and community needs, alongside adaptive policies to support their development. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies that evaluate long-term impacts and develop evidence-based practices for sustainable and equitable implementation of urban food forests.},
}
@article {pmid40808548,
year = {2025},
author = {Pearse, IS and Becker, Z and Ode, PJ and Gaskin, JF and West, NM},
title = {Low genetic diversity in populations of a clonal invasive plant limits sexual reproduction.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {112},
number = {8},
pages = {e70083},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70083},
pmid = {40808548},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {*Genetic Variation ; Reproduction ; Seeds/physiology/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Pollen/physiology/genetics ; Colorado ; Reproduction, Asexual ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Clonality, a form of asexual reproduction and spread, is common among invasive plants, though sexual reproduction via seeds is often still important for their long-range dispersal. In small populations, clonality has been hypothesized to interfere with sexual reproduction by limiting outcrossing opportunities of a plant.<br><br>METHODS: We developed a structural equation model based on estimates of genetic diversity and seed production of Lepidium draba, a problematic invasive clonal plant, at 26 sites in Colorado to test whether site characteristics relating to small founder populations resulted in low genetic diversity and sexual reproduction. The next year, in pollen supplementation experiments at six sites (three with high genetic diversity, three with low), we tested whether populations with low genetic diversity were limited by non-self pollen.<br><br>RESULTS: Large populations and populations associated with rivers tended to have higher genetic diversity. Percentage seed fill and total seed production were considerably higher at sites with higher genetic diversity. At populations with low genetic diversity, supplementation with pollen from outside of the site, but not from within the site, increased seed production. At populations with high genetic diversity, pollen supplementation from off-site did not increase seed production.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that, in low-diversity populations that are dominated by a few large clones, L. draba produces few seeds compared to high-diversity populations and that this appears to be due to limited availability of non-self pollen. The data indicate that low genetic diversity decreases sexual reproduction, which may greatly reduce long-distance dispersal from these populations.},
}
@article {pmid40806593,
year = {2025},
author = {Dai, T and Wang, Y and Shen, X and Lü, Z and Wan, F and Liu, W},
title = {DNA Methylation-Associated Epigenetic Changes in Thermotolerance of Bemisia tabaci During Biological Invasions.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40806593},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {32402377//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 3207249//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024YFC2607600//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 202203021212165//Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province, China/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Hemiptera/genetics/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *DNA Methylation ; *Thermotolerance/genetics ; Animals ; Adaptation, Biological ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {Global warming and anthropogenic climate change are projected to expand the geographic distribution and population abundance of ectothermic species and exacerbate the biological invasion of exotic species. DNA methylation, as a reversible epigenetic modification, could provide a putative link between the phenotypic plasticity of invasive species and environmental temperature variations. We assessed and interpreted the epigenetic mechanisms of invasive and indigenous species' differential tolerance to thermal stress through the invasive species Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) and the indigenous species Bemisia tabaci AsiaII3. We examine their thermal tolerance following exposure to heat and cold stress. We found that MED exhibits higher thermal resistance than AsiaII3 under heat stress. The fluorescence-labeled methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (F-MSAP) results proved that the increased thermal tolerance in MED is closely related to DNA methylation changes, other than genetic variation. Furthermore, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) suggested that increased expression of Dnmt3 regulates the higher thermal tolerance of female MED adults. A mechanism is revealed whereby DNA methylation enhances thermal tolerance in invasive species. Our results show that the Dnmt-mediated regulation mechanism is particularly significant for understanding invasive species' successful invasion and rapid adaptation under global warming, providing new potential targets for controlling invasive species worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid40806444,
year = {2025},
author = {Yan, SY and Yang, HS and Huang, C and Zhang, GF and Arnó, J and Collatz, J and Li, CR and Wan, FH and Liu, WX and Zhang, YB},
title = {The Olfactory System of Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris (Marsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Natural Enemy of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40806444},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2022YFC2601004//National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; Female ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics/metabolism ; *Wasps/physiology/genetics ; Arthropod Antennae/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Sensilla/ultrastructure/metabolism ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; *Lepidoptera/parasitology ; Transcriptome ; Smell ; *Moths/parasitology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {The parasitoid wasp Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris is a key koinobiont solitary endoparasitoid of the invasive agricultural pest Tuta absoluta. This study investigates both the morphological and molecular foundations of sex-specific olfactory differentiation in this species. Morphological analysis revealed that males possess significantly longer antennae (2880.8 ± 20.36 μm) than females (2137.23 ± 43.47 μm), demonstrating pronounced sexual dimorphism. Scanning electron microscopy identified similar sensilla types on both sexes, but differences existed in the length and diameter of specific sensilla. Transcriptomic analysis of adult antennae uncovered molecular differentiation, identifying 11 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and 20 odorant receptors (ORs), with 27 chemosensory genes upregulated in females and 4 enriched in males. Integrating morphological and molecular evidence demonstrates complementary sexual specialization in the olfactory apparatus of D. gelechiidivoris. Linking these findings to the potential functions of different sensilla types, as discussed in the context of prior research, provides crucial insights into the sex-specific use of volatile cues. These findings provide critical insights into the use of volatile signals in this highly relevant species for biological control targeting T. absoluta.},
}
@article {pmid40806368,
year = {2025},
author = {Costantini, M and Guida, F and Amorim, CG and da Nóbrega, LB and Esposito, R and Zupo, V and Fleury, BG},
title = {Isolation and Identification of Inter-Correlated Genes from the Invasive Sun Corals Tubastraea Coccinea and Tubastraea Tagusensis (Scleractinia, Cnidaria).},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40806368},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; RNA/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Transcriptome ; Brazil ; },
abstract = {Tubastraea coccinea and T. tagusensis, commonly known as sun corals, are two species of stony corals (Scleractinia, Dendrophylliidae) native to the Indo-Pacific region (T. coccinea) and the Galapagos Islands (T. tagusensis), respectively. They are considered highly invasive species, particularly in the Western Atlantic Ocean, due to high adaptability to various ecological conditions and notable resilience. Given their demonstrated invasiveness, it is important to delve into their physiology and the molecular bases supporting their resilience. However, to date, only a few molecular tools are available for the study of these organisms. The primary objective of the present study was the development of an efficient RNA extraction protocol for Tubastraea coccinea and T.a tagusensis samples collected off Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The quantity of isolated RNA was evaluated using NanoDrop, while its purity and quality were determined by evaluating the A260/A280 and A260/230 ratios. Subsequently, based on genes known for T. coccinea, two housekeeping genes and seven stress response-related genes were isolated and characterized, for the first time for both species, using a molecular approach. An interactomic analysis was also conducted, which revealed functional interactions among these genes. This study represents the first report on gene networks in Tubastraea spp., opening new perspectives for understanding the chemical ecology and the cellular mechanisms underlying the invasiveness of these species. The results obtained will be useful for ecological conservation purposes, contributing to the formulation of strategies to limit their further expansion.},
}
@article {pmid40805712,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, M and Ye, X and Zhao, Z and Chen, S and Liu, B},
title = {Comparative Analysis of Habitat Expansion Mechanisms for Four Invasive Amaranthaceae Plants Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40805712},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {As China's first systematic assessment of high-risk Amaranthaceae invaders, this study addresses a critical knowledge gap identified in the National Invasive Species Inventory, in which four invasive Amaranthaceae species (Dysphania ambrosioides, Celosia argentea, Amaranthus palmeri, and Amaranthus spinosus) are prioritized due to CNY 2.6 billion annual ecosystem damages in China. By coupling multi-species comparative analysis with a parameter-optimized Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model integrating climate, soil, and topographical variables in China under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 126/245/585 scenarios, we reveal divergent expansion mechanisms (e.g., 247 km faster northward shift in A. palmeri than D. ambrosioides) that redefine invasion corridors in the North China Plain. Under current conditions, the suitable habitats of these species span from 92° E to 129° E and 18° N to 49° N, with high-risk zones concentrated in central and southern China, including the Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan region and the North China Plain. Temperature variables (Bio: Bioclimatic Variables; Bio6, Bio11) were the primary contributors based on permutation importance (e.g., Bio11 explained 56.4% for C. argentea), while altitude (e.g., 27.3% for A. palmeri) and UV-B (e.g., 16.2% for A. palmeri) exerted lower influence. Model validation confirmed high accuracy (mean area under the curve (AUC) > 0.86 and true skill statistic (TSS) > 0.6). By the 2090s, all species showed net habitat expansion overall, although D. ambrosioides exhibited net total contractions during mid-century under the SSP126/245 scenarios, C. argentea experienced reduced total suitability during the 2050s-2070s despite high-suitability growth, and A. palmeri and A. spinosus expanded significantly in both total and highly suitable habitat. All species shifted their distribution centroids northward, aligning with warming trends. Overall, these findings highlight the critical role of temperature in driving range dynamics and underscore the need for latitude-specific monitoring strategies to mitigate invasion risks, providing a scientific basis for adaptive management under global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40803794,
year = {2025},
author = {Grandi, G and Omazic, A and Guevara, C and de Jong, A and Chitimia-Dobler, L},
title = {Importation of the exotic tick Amblyomma geoemydae into Sweden via illegally introduced turtles (Geoemyda spengleri) from Thailand.},
journal = {Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports},
volume = {63},
number = {},
pages = {101304},
doi = {10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101304},
pmid = {40803794},
issn = {2405-9390},
mesh = {Animals ; *Turtles/parasitology ; Sweden ; Thailand ; *Tick Infestations/veterinary/parasitology/epidemiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Amblyomma/genetics/physiology ; *Animals, Exotic ; Nymph ; },
abstract = {Illegal importation of animals as pets might be followed by the introduction of exotic tick species, potential vectors of pathogens that can have an impact on wildlife and/or domestic animals and on humans. Therefore, permanent measures of surveillance and control on imported reptiles are emphasized. In February 2024, black-breasted leaf turtles (Geoemyda spengleri) (n = 31) were illegally imported into Sweden from Thailand. The turtles were sent by the Swedish Customs Criminal Department West in Gothenburg to a public aquarium and terrarium (Tropicarium, Kolmården, Östergötland county) to be kept in quarantine. At the Tropicarium the turtles were found to be infested by ticks. All ticks (n = 3) found were removed and stored in ethanol. The finding (including photos of the ticks) was reported to the Swedish Veterinary Agency (SVA, Uppsala) using the Report Tick Tool, a surveillance system developed by the SVA itself. The three collected ticks were identified based on morphology and genetics as Amblyomma geoemydae nymphs. This discovery demonstrates that SVA's surveillance tool can function as an early warning system for newly introduced tick species and to promptly identify exotic tick species which can carry viruses, bacteria, and/or parasites that are not currently present in the country.},
}
@article {pmid40801741,
year = {2025},
author = {Millavithanachchi, SS and Gunasena, MDKM and Galpaya, GDCP and Priyadarshana, HVV and Indupama, SVAA and Induranga, DKA and Kariyawasam, WACN and Kaluthanthri, DVS and Koswattage, KR},
title = {Green Synthesis, Optimization, and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles Using Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Extract.},
journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40801741},
issn = {2079-4991},
support = {CRG-R2-SB-1//Science and Technology Human Resource Development Project, Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka, funded by the Asian Development Bank/ ; },
abstract = {Green synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles offers a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods that often involve toxic reagents and harsh conditions. This study investigates the use of Tithonia diversifolia, an invasive species in Sri Lanka, as a bioreductant for the eco-friendly fabrication of CuO nanoparticles. Using copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) as a precursor, eight treatments were conducted by varying precursor concentration, temperature, and reaction time to determine optimal conditions. A visible color change in the reaction mixture initially indicated nanoparticle formation. Among all the conditions, treatment T4 (5 mM CuSO4, 80 °C, 2 h) yielded the most favorable results in terms of stability, morphology, and crystallinity. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the synthesis, with absorbance peaks between 265 and 285 nm. FTIR analysis revealed organic functional groups and characteristic metal-oxygen vibrations in the fingerprint region (500-650 cm[-1]), confirming formation. SEM imaging showed that particles were mainly spherical to polygonal, averaging 125-150 nm. However, dynamic light scattering showed larger diameters (~240 nm) due to surface capping agents. Zeta potential values ranged from -16.0 to -28.0 mV, indicating stability. XRD data revealed partial crystallinity with CuO-specific peaks. These findings support the potential of T. diversifolia in green nanoparticle synthesis, suggesting a low-cost, eco-conscious strategy for future applications.},
}
@article {pmid40799846,
year = {2025},
author = {Oduor, S and Lekolool, I and Ndunda, MM and Mulindi, S and Kaitopok, JP and Weeks, S and Ochieng, E and Brown, JL and Murray, S and Parker, JM and Ihwagi, F and Pope, F and Kariuki, L and Gakuya, F and Musyoki, C and Wittemyer, G},
title = {Physiological and nutritional stress response of African elephants within the lantana-dominated Lower Imenti Forest Reserve in Kenya.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {coaf060},
pmid = {40799846},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {Invasive species can alter the ecology of protected areas, substantially lowering the habitat quality for vertebrate communities. The Lower Imenti Forest on Mt. Kenya's northeastern slope has experienced habitat disturbance, degrading the system and resulting in the establishment of invasive species, including lantana (Lantana camara), throughout the area. Following reports of high mortality and poor conditions among the African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) inhabiting the area, we assessed the status of two endocrine indicators of their physiological condition. Specifically, we assessed the physiological stress response by measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) and the nutritional stress response by measuring faecal thyroid (fT3) concentrations in elephant faecal samples collected in the forest. To better interpret the hormone levels, we compared the hormone concentrations in the Imenti faecal samples to concentrations from reference levels indicative of extreme nutritional stress (from faecal samples of elephants experiencing drought-induced mortality) and adrenal stress (from elephants experiencing high levels of human-elephant conflict). The concentrations of fT3, a biomarker of nutritional stress response, found in elephant faecal samples from the Lower Imenti Forest were lower than the drought-stressed reference levels, suggesting lower levels of energy intake and assimilation of forage resources in elephants from this area. The concentration of fGCM, a biomarker of physiological stress response, was higher than the human-elephant conflict reference levels, suggesting the elephants in Lower Imenti were experiencing a higher physiological stress response. We found no differences between fT3 and fGCM concentrations in samples assigned to different age classes (juvenile, subadults, adults), suggesting the physiological problems were not age specific. Findings from our physiological study suggest that restricted movement and reduced forage availability due to lantana infestation in the Lower Imenti Forest may be driving the elevated nutritional stress, potentially contributing to the concerning mortality observed in the area. We discuss the use of endocrine markers to ascertain wildlife responses to degraded habitats.},
}
@article {pmid40796022,
year = {2025},
author = {Encerrado-Manriquez, AM and Spooner, ZT and Truong, TT and Fine, JD and Nicklisch, SCT},
title = {Developmental and caste-specific expression patterns of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in honey bees (Apis mellifera).},
journal = {Environmental toxicology and pharmacology},
volume = {118},
number = {},
pages = {104789},
doi = {10.1016/j.etap.2025.104789},
pmid = {40796022},
issn = {1872-7077},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/genetics/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Male ; Ovary/metabolism ; },
abstract = {While honey bees play a vital role in global crop production, they face increasing exposure to xenobiotic chemicals during commercial pollination. Multidrug-resistance (MDR)-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters provide the first line of defense against xenobiotic chemicals. This study investigated the gene expression profiles of 12 ABC transporters involved in chemical detoxification across three honey bee castes and 13 life stages using quantitative real-time PCR. Six ABC genes showed increased expression during worker bee development and were identified as MDR-like transporters (Ame-ABCB1, Ame-ABCB6, Ame-ABCC4a-c, Ame-ABCG1). Four transporters showed pupal-specific expression during metamorphosis. Queens exhibited significantly reduced MDR transporter expression compared to workers between 1.7-fold lower (ABCB6) and 17.5-fold lower (ABCB1). Drones showed intermediate expression levels. Queen ovaries demonstrated tissue-specific upregulation of select transporters. These findings reveal a vulnerability hierarchy (foragers > drones > queens) and suggest caste-specific trade-offs between reproduction and chemical defense in honey bee superorganisms.},
}
@article {pmid40795117,
year = {2025},
author = {Erickson, PA and Stellwagen, A and Bangerter, A and Gunter, A and Polizos, NT and Bergland, AO},
title = {Limited population structure but signals of recent selection in introduced African Fig Fly (Zaprionus indianus) in North America.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {40795117},
issn = {2160-1836},
support = {R35 GM119686/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; 2145688//NSF BIO-DEB/ ; R15 GM146208/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; //Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research/ ; R15GM146208//NIH NIGMS/ ; R35GM119686//NIH NIGMS/ ; //University of Richmond/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; North America ; Genome, Insect ; Genomics/methods ; Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {Invasive species have devastating consequences for human health, food security, and the environment. Many invasive species adapt to new ecological niches following invasion, but little is known about the early steps of adaptation. Here, we examine the population genomics of a recently introduced drosophilid in North America, the African Fig Fly, Zaprionus indianus. This species is likely intolerant of subfreezing temperatures and recolonizes temperate environments yearly. We generated a new chromosome-level genome assembly for Z. indianus. Using resequencing data of over 200 North American individuals collected over 4 years in temperate Virginia, along with a single collection from subtropical Florida, we tested for signatures of population structure and adaptation within invasive populations. We show that founding populations are sometimes small and contain close genetic relatives, yet temporal population structure and differentiation of populations are mostly absent across North America. However, we identify 2 haplotypes that are differentiated between African and invasive populations and show signatures of selective sweeps. Both haplotypes contain genes in the cytochrome P450 pathway, indicating these sweeps may be related to pesticide resistance. X chromosome evolution in invasive populations is strikingly different from the autosomes, and a haplotype on the X chromosome that is differentiated between Virginia and Florida populations is a candidate for temperate adaptation. These results show that despite limited population structure, populations may rapidly evolve genetic differences early in an invasion. Further uncovering how these genomic regions influence invasive potential and success in new environments will enhance our understanding of how organisms evolve in changing environments.},
}
@article {pmid40794690,
year = {2025},
author = {Masoto, NZ and Bester, PA and Snyman, LP and Govender, N and van Jaarsveldt, D and Burt, FJ},
title = {Identification of arboviruses in mosquito populations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and the first record of Wyeomyia mitchellii in the Old World.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {e0013093},
pmid = {40794690},
issn = {1935-2735},
mesh = {Animals ; South Africa/epidemiology ; *Arboviruses/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; *Culicidae/virology/classification ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; },
abstract = {Mosquito-borne viruses have the potential to spread and cause outbreaks with significant public and veterinary health consequences. Although historically a significant number of arboviruses were identified in South Africa with potential to cause sporadic outbreaks, there is limited information on the current situation in some regions of the country. Hence a study was initiated to investigate which arboviruses are currently circulating within mosquito populations in a major metropolitan area, eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal Province. Mosquitoes were collected from seven sites throughout the metropole and a subset were screened for arboviruses from the families Togaviridae, Phenuiviridae and Peribunyaviridae. The subset of 1831 mosquitoes were collected between October 2020 and July 2021, identified morphologically, and pooled according to species, collection site and collection date. RNA was extracted from a total of 261 mosquito pools and screened using in-house nested and hemi-nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Primers targeting conserved genes for each viral genus were used in a nested or hemi-nested two-step RT-PCR. Amplicons were sequenced to determine the virus species. Arboviral RNA was detected from 15/261 mosquito pools. The amplicons were subsequently sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore MinION. The positive samples included a Sindbis virus (SINV) isolate, three isolates of Witwatersrand virus (WITV), and 11 isolates of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV). Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequence data suggested that none were newly introduced but closely related isolates previously detected in the country. SINV is known to cause outbreaks of human disease after heavy rainfall, favoring an increase in mosquito populations. Bunyamwera virus has been associated with human febrile disease, but severe disease and regular outbreaks have not been reported previously and requires further investigation. The medical significance of WITV is currently unknown. Wyeomyia mitchellii, a New World species, is for the first time confirmed as an introduced species in South Africa and highlights the importance of vector surveillance. Identification of circulating viruses and raising the awareness of the presence of these viruses is important for early detection and determining the public health significance.},
}
@article {pmid40793987,
year = {2025},
author = {Seebens, H and Meyerson, LA and Richardson, DM and Lenzner, B and Tricarico, E and Courchamp, F and Aleksanyan, A and Keskin, E and Saeedi, H and Akite, P and Alexander, JM and Bailey, SA and Biancolini, D and Blackburn, TM and Boehmer, HJ and Bortolus, A and Cadotte, MW and Capinha, C and Carlton, JT and Crouch, JA and Daehler, CC and Essl, F and Foxcroft, LC and Fridley, JD and Fuentes, N and Gaertner, M and Galil, B and García-Berthou, E and García-Díaz, P and Haider, S and Heneghan, L and Hughes, KA and Hui, C and Kaplan, E and Liebhold, AM and Liu, C and Marchante, E and Marchante, H and Marticorena, A and Minter, DW and Moreno, RA and Nentwig, W and Niamir, A and Novoa, A and Nunes, AL and Pauchard, A and Rahlao, S and Ricciardi, A and Russell, JC and Sankaran, KV and Schertler, A and Schwindt, E and Shackleton, RT and Simberloff, D and Strayer, DL and Tawake, A and Thines, M and Villaseñor-Parada, C and Vitule, JRS and Wagner, V and Werenkraut, V and Wesche, K and Willette, DA and Zenni, RD and Pyšek, P},
title = {Biological invasions: a global assessment of geographic distributions, long-term trends, and data gaps.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {100},
number = {6},
pages = {2542-2583},
pmid = {40793987},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {//DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology/ ; CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0017850//Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic/ ; RYC2022-037905-I//FSE+/ ; 10.13039/501100011033//Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIN)/AEI/ ; RVO67985939//Czech Academy of Sciences/ ; 19-28807X//Czech Science Foundation/ ; 521529463//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; NE/S011641/1//Newton Fund/ ; PID2019-103936GB-C21//European Commission/ ; RED2022-134338-T//European Commission/ ; TED2021-129889B-I00//European Commission/ ; //Natural Environment Research Council/ ; //Chair of Biological Invasion at University of Paris Saclay/ ; //UK Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NRF 89967//National Research Foundation of South Africa/ ; 3138//National Research Foundation of South Africa/ ; 1181688//Fondecyt/ ; 1231616//Fondecyt/ ; //Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Transport Canada/ ; FB210006//ANID/BASAL/ ; 210038//ANID ACT/ ; UIDB/04004/2020//FCT - Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e Tecnologia/ ; 11220210100507//CONICET/ ; 310471/2023-0//Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 3175//National Recovery and Resilience Plan/ ; J83C22000870007//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; B833C22002910001//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; CNS 00000033//European Union - NextGenerationEU/ ; 1034//European Union - NextGenerationEU/ ; //National Biodiversity Future Center/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Plants ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are one of the major drivers of biodiversity decline and have been shown to have far-reaching consequences for society and the economy. Preventing the introduction and spread of alien species represents the most effective solution to reducing their impacts on nature and human well-being. However, implementing effective solutions requires a good understanding of where the species are established and how biological invasions develop over time. Knowledge of the status and trends of biological invasions is thus key for guiding research efforts, informing stakeholders and policymakers, for targeted management efforts, and preparing for the future. However, information about the status and trends of alien species is scattered, patchy, and highly incomplete, making it difficult to assess. Published reports for individual regions and taxonomic groups are available, but large-scale overviews are scarce. A global assessment therefore requires a review of available knowledge with careful consideration of sampling and reporting biases. This paper provides a comprehensive global assessment of the status and trends of alien species for major taxonomic groups [Bacteria, Protozoa, Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria (SAR), fungi, plants, and animals] for Intergovernmental Panel of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) regions. The review provides irrefutable evidence that alien species have been introduced to all regions worldwide including Antarctica and have spread to even the most remote islands. The numbers of alien species are increasing within all taxa and across all regions, and are often even accelerating. Large knowledge gaps exist, particularly for taxonomic groups other than vascular plants and vertebrates, for regions in Africa and Central Asia, and for aquatic realms. In fact, for inconspicuous species, such as Bacteria, Protozoa, and to some degree SAR and fungi, we found records for very few species and regions. Observed status and trends are thus highly influenced by research effort. More generally, it is likely that all lists for alien species of any taxonomic group and region are incomplete. The reported species numbers therefore represent minima, and we can expect additions to all lists in the near future. We identified six key challenges which need to be addressed to reduce knowledge gaps and to improve our ability to assess trends and status of biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40792516,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, K and Li, C-R and Qin, P-H and Yuan, M-Y and Chu, D},
title = {Conditional effects of Cardinium on microbiota in an invasive whitefly under different ecological factors.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {e0224024},
pmid = {40792516},
issn = {2165-0497},
support = {32372534//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2024QC128//Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; //Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; 663-1121025//Qingdao Agricultural University High-level Talent Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/microbiology/genetics ; *Microbiota ; Symbiosis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Bacteroidetes/physiology/genetics/classification ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Cardinium, a vital symbiont in Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED), can influence the microbiota in B. tabaci MED under high temperatures. However, the effects of Cardinium infection on the microbiota in B. tabaci MED with different genetic backgrounds under different ecological factors still remain poorly understood. In this study, based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments, the effects of Cardinium infection on the microbiota in two B. tabaci MED geographical populations with different genetic backgrounds were determined with particular attention to ecological factors such as high-temperature treatment and host-plant switching. Results indicated that high temperature treatment and host-plant switching affected the symbiont titer, microbiota diversity, and function differently in the two populations, highlighting the genetic background. The present study also revealed that the increase of Cardinium titer would significantly change the response of the microbiota function of the Cardinium-infected line compared to the uninfected line, while the decrease and immutability of Cardinium titer would not, which indicates that the Cardinium titer may be closely associated with the microbiota function in whitefly. Overall, the genetic background of whiteflies influences microbiota response under high temperatures and host-plant changes, and Cardinium titer significantly impacts microbiota function. These findings enhance understanding of the complex relationships among symbionts, microbiota, and host insects.IMPORTANCEThis study sheds light on how genetic differences in Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) populations influence their microbiota's response to environmental stressors like high temperatures and host-plant changes. By focusing on the role of Cardinium-a key symbiont-the research reveals its significant impact on microbiota diversity and function, particularly when its titer increases. The findings emphasize the interplay between genetic background, symbiont levels, and microbiota, advancing our understanding of the ecological adaptability of these insects. This knowledge is vital for developing better pest management strategies and predicting responses to environmental changes.},
}
@article {pmid40790814,
year = {2025},
author = {Ni, J and Li, Z and Hu, X and Zhou, H and Gong, Z},
title = {Chikungunya's global rebound and Asia's growing vulnerability: Implications for integrated vector control and pandemic preparedness.},
journal = {Bioscience trends},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {404-409},
doi = {10.5582/bst.2025.01239},
pmid = {40790814},
issn = {1881-7823},
mesh = {*Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/transmission/virology ; Humans ; Animals ; Mosquito Vectors/virology ; Aedes/virology ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Chikungunya virus ; Asia/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; Pandemic Preparedness ; },
abstract = {Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by an RNA virus of the Alphavirus genus and is characterized by fever and severe joint pain. The disease is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Since its re-emergence in 2005, chikungunya has spread extensively, affecting more than 2.8 billion people across 119 countries worldwide. This article reviews the global epidemiological features of chikungunya, with a focus on its transmission dynamics, the characteristics of the virus and its vectors, as well as the influence of ecological and climatic factors. The article also discusses public health response measures, including the Wolbachia strategy, vaccine development, and integrated vector management. Despite China being a non-epidemic area, imported cases have led to localized outbreaks, prompting the implementation of the 'Four Pests-free Village' initiative to reduce mosquito density and improve public health. Notably, as of July 31, 2025, Guangdong Province in China has reported over 5,158 chikungunya cases and has initiated a Level 3 emergency response in the City of Foshan. In the face of global challenges such as climate change and the spread of invasive species, establishing a normalized rapid response system and enhancing monitoring, early warning, and inter-departmental collaboration are crucial to controlling the spread of mosquito-borne diseases and protecting public health.},
}
@article {pmid40790304,
year = {2025},
author = {Dahlberg, AD and Waller, DL and Severson, TJ and Barbour, MT and Meulemans, M and Wise, JK and Bajcz, AW and Jankowski, M and Phelps, NBD},
title = {Using bioavailability modeling to refine copper treatments for zebra mussel control and better understanding risks to non-target species.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29333},
pmid = {40790304},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Copper/toxicity/pharmacokinetics ; *Dreissena/drug effects/metabolism ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Biological Availability ; Daphnia/drug effects ; Larva/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Copper can be toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations and has been previously used successfully to control zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Because copper's toxicity changes with water chemistry, using the same copper concentration in different waterbodies could yield different outcomes. We demonstrate how measuring water chemistry parameters and using the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models can predict a suitable, site-specific copper concentration for management. We exposed zebra mussel adults and non-target organisms to varying concentrations of copper over 10 d in a mobile laboratory. We found that one non-target species, Daphnia magna, had a 50% chance of survival at 9.50 µg Cu/L (i.e., the 50% lethal concentration, LC50), within our BLM-predicted range of 3.38-16.95 µg Cu/L LC50 values. In the future, managers could make similar predictions and tailor their copper concentrations to their management goals. We also measured zebra mussel larvae mortality at copper concentrations ranging from 0 to 191 µg Cu/L. While those results were inconclusive, we present the results of this work as a foundation for future projects. Our study underscores the importance of developing site-specific copper concentration recommendations and demonstrates the potential utility of the BLM and MLR approaches for informing those recommendations.},
}
@article {pmid40786147,
year = {2025},
author = {Larragy, SJ and Colgan, TJ and Stolle, E and Mayack, C and Köhler, I and Stout, JC and Carolan, JC},
title = {A Genome-Wide Analysis of Structure and Evolution in Irish and British Populations of Bombus terrestris (L. 1758): Implications for Genetic Resource Conservation.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {e70141},
pmid = {40786147},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Insect pollinators play vital regulatory roles within ecosystems and provide humanity with essential services that support our health, wellbeing, and economies. Despite their importance, reported declines at regional and national levels have raised concerns over the continuation of such benefits. Island pollinator populations are of particular conservation interest as they may harbor lower genetic diversity due to restricted gene flow caused by geographical barriers, which may in turn influence local selective processes. In this study, we investigated the population structure and potential targets of selection within the genomes of a bumblebee subspecies, Bombus terrestris audax, native to the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. In particular, we compared the genomes of wild-caught populations from each island alongside representatives of other European subspecies and commercial imports to ascertain patterns of historical admixture. Our analysis identified a largely genetically distinct population of B. t. audax on the island of Ireland, with weak evidence of admixture. In addition, we find differential signatures of positive selection between the two island populations in genes associated with neurology and development, indicating potential local adaptation. Furthermore, we identified an extremely polymorphic region on chromosome 10 with evidence of shared haplotypes in both wild and commercial bees, which may represent long-standing genetic variation at the continental level or potential localized admixture between wild and commercial bees. Collectively, our findings inform on the genetic distinctiveness of these island bumblebees, emphasizing the applied need to genetically characterize natural populations to ensure the conservation of genetic resources-in the context of this study, by informing risk-assessment and management of commercial bumblebees. In addition, our study reinforces the utility of genomic approaches in the biomonitoring of isolated or regionally adapted insect pollinator populations, which will contribute towards the effective conservation of these ecologically vital organisms.},
}
@article {pmid40784987,
year = {2025},
author = {Macêdo, RL},
title = {Contrasting niche dynamics in the invasion processes of two congeneric dinoflagellates.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29261},
pmid = {40784987},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Dinoflagellida/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Climate ; },
abstract = {Niche-based models are essential for predicting invasion risks. Although most invasive species tend to conserve their ecological niches after introduction, some challenge this assumption by expanding or contracting their niches, yet such patterns remain underexplored in microorganisms. Since larger niche shifts can reduce the predictive performance of these models, this study examines whether the climatic niches of the invasive dinoflagellates Ceratium hirundinella (Müller, 1841) and C. furcoides (Langhans, 1925) have shifted following their invasion from native European to non-native American ranges, where they have caused significant impacts on biodiversity and water quality. Though both species are native to temperate European lakes, their colonization patterns in the Americas differ, and the drivers of their spread remain unclear. In this study, niche conservatism was analyzed using five niche dynamic metrics for both species. The current distribution of C. hirundinella primarily in subtropical and temperate non-native areas aligns with its native climate (i.e., higher niche stability), suggesting preadaptation. Meanwhile, for C. furcoides, a niche shift-indicated by maximum expansion and unfilling-suggests a much higher potential for rapid spread across both tropical and subtropical climates. These findings show distinct climatic responses of congeneric species in non-native ranges, emphasizing the need to move beyond native environmental predictors when assessing invasion risk. Future research should explore niche shifts over time and whether invasions begin in ecologically matched habitats (as expected for C. hirundinella) or are driven by propagule pressure and human activity despite niche mismatches (as in C. furcoides).},
}
@article {pmid40784230,
year = {2025},
author = {Fanfarillo, E and Angiolini, C and de Simone, L and Bacaro, G and Castaldini, M and Fiaschi, T and Mocali, S and Pafumi, E and Vitali, F and Maccherini, S},
title = {Different control strategies of the invasive plant Arundo donax L. have taxon-specific effects on above- and belowground biodiversity.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {392},
number = {},
pages = {126833},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126833},
pmid = {40784230},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Fungi ; *Poaceae ; Italy ; },
abstract = {We assessed the short-term effects of different management strategies to control the invasive plant Arundo donax on biotic communities along a channelled stream in central Italy. We applied four treatments ordered by increasing management intensity: no management (C), one-cut per year (OC), three cuts per year (TC), and plastic mulching (M). Treatments started in June 2021 and ended in May 2022. Presence and abundance of vascular plants and soil bacteria and fungi were recorded from 24 plots immediately after the end of the treatments (May 2022) and five months later (October 2022). We tested the responses of A. donax and of the biotic communities to management intensity using generalized linear modeling and permutational analysis of variance. In May, M completely suppressed A. donax and plant communities, also reducing bacterial richness compared to C. However, plant communities under M recovered in richness by October, while A. donax under M and bacterial richness did not recover in such a timespan. Fungal richness was unaffected by treatments in both sampling seasons and decreased in October under all treatments. Management intensity had negative impacts on plant and bacterial functional diversity in both sampling seasons but did not affect fungal functional diversity. We highlighted that effective control of invasive species may imply short-term negative impacts on biotic communities. However, such impacts did not consistently affect different taxonomic groups. Plastic mulching should be used only in areas where rapid suppression of the invasive species is a priority, due to the short-term negative impacts on biodiversity of such practice.},
}
@article {pmid40783367,
year = {2025},
author = {Camacho-Cervantes, M and Macías Garcia, C},
title = {Reproductive interference: a hidden threat of biological invasions.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {9},
pages = {837-839},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.07.005},
pmid = {40783367},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Introduced Species ; *Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; },
abstract = {Invasive species threaten native populations in various ways, including through reproductive interference, but this remains understudied. Here, we present evidence that this interference reduces native fitness through courtship and mating. We emphasize the need for further research and highlight potential risks of using this mechanism as a management tool.},
}
@article {pmid40781921,
year = {2026},
author = {Delavaux, CS},
title = {On the role of mutualisms in plant biogeography: consequences for ecology, evolution, and invasion.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {249},
number = {2},
pages = {714-721},
pmid = {40781921},
issn = {1469-8137},
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; *Symbiosis ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants ; *Ecology ; },
abstract = {Most plant species world-wide depend on one or more mutualisms - beneficial associations with other species. Evidence is emerging that these biotic mutualisms shape plant biogeography (i.e. distributions). In particular, the absence of these mutualist partners limits plant establishment (i.e. the mutualist filter). Moreover, this mutualism filter has subsequent consequences for plant ecology, evolution, and invasion. However, a review of such evidence and a synthesis of mechanisms underpinning the mutualist filter are lacking. Therefore, here, I present evidence for the mutualist filter, discuss ecological and evolutionary consequences of this filter, and develop a synthetic framework, generating several cross-mutualist predictions of mutualist filter strength. The mutualist filter should increase with higher mutualist dispersal limitation, specificity and dependency of association, and an increasing number of mutualisms. Together, this offers a path to shift our abiotic and antagonistic centric perspective in plant biogeography to integrate these pervasive mutualistic biotic interactions.},
}
@article {pmid40781896,
year = {2025},
author = {Tian, C and García-Girón, J and Kua, ZX and Du, X and Xiong, F and Nistal-García, A and Zhou, X and Xin, W and Li, Z},
title = {Different Mechanisms Explain Decoupled Co-Occurrence Patterns of Native and Non-Native Macroinvertebrates.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {e70417},
pmid = {40781896},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {52309094//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U2240207//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; Europe ; },
abstract = {Biological invasion is a key driver of biodiversity loss, leading to significant changes in community composition and structure. Hence, understanding how biological invasions influence community assembly processes is crucial for identifying invasion mechanisms and developing management strategies aimed at minimizing their impacts on natural ecosystems. Beyond environmental filtering or niche-based exclusion, biotic interactions (e.g., interspecific competition) between invasive and their native counterparts can also affect species distributions and local invasion dynamics. This study combined joint Species Distribution Models (jSDMs) with a long-term European-level dataset to uncover co-occurrence patterns and community organization of freshwater macroinvertebrates in the context of biological invasion. To do this, we considered functional traits, phylogenetic relationships, environmental niches, and residual variance potentially mirroring species-to-species interactions between non-native and native species. Environmental covariates exhibited significant differences in explaining variation of occurrences between native and non-native species; although environmental filtering had a more pronounced effect on native species. This finding supported the hypothesis that non-native species generally exhibit broader environmental niches. Indeed, our findings emphasized the importance of biotic filtering (in the form of interspecific competition and invasion meltdown among non-native species) acting beyond the abiotic environment in shaping the distribution of non-native and native species, providing a more nuanced view of the key drivers underlying invasion risk and success.},
}
@article {pmid40781584,
year = {2025},
author = {Ferreira, TN and Chen, ME and Saelao, P and Tamborindeguy, C and Pietrantonio, PV},
title = {Fire ant ovary gene expression analyses revealed immune and insulin pathways underlie the reproductive transition from virgin to mated queen.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {735},
pmid = {40781584},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {1257837//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; 1257837//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; Urban Endowment Funding for Fire Ant FY 2024//Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research/ ; Urban Endowment Funding for Fire Ant FY 2024//Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ovary/metabolism ; Female ; *Ants/genetics/physiology/immunology ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Reproduction/genetics ; *Insulin/metabolism ; Transcriptome ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Signal Transduction ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Solenopsis invicta queens experience significant behavioral and physiological changes after mating, which are essential for their reproductive success. We investigated differences in ovary gene expression in virgin alate queens, newly mated queens, and mated queens to identify candidate genes associated with their physiological transition to mature egg-laying queens. Virgin queens and mated queens were obtained from field colonies and newly mated queens were collected from the ground immediately after their mating flight. Whole ovaries of virgin alate queens, and germaria and vitellaria from the ovaries of newly mated and mature mated queens were dissected. Pools of each of these five organs/tissues were used for RNAseq and RT-qPCR analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: Principal component analyses revealed a distinct transcriptomic profile among alate virgin ovaries, germaria of newly mated, and germaria of mated queens, highlighting the effect of mating driving significant differences in global gene expression. Mating did not have such a differentiating effect among libraries of newly mated and mated queen vitellaria. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between whole ovary transcriptome of virgin alate queens and germaria of newly mated and mated queens, as well as vitellaria of newly mated and mated queens. There were 22 gene ontology terms enriched among the DEGs in the germaria analysis, of note were those enriched in development and phosphorylation. In the vitellarium, terms related to nucleobase-containing molecule processes and fatty acid metabolism were enriched. Sixty-one DEGs were shared between germaria and vitellaria libraries, mainly linked to immunity, lipid metabolism, development, and transcriptional regulation. Phenoloxidase was highly expressed in mated queens in both ovarian regions, suggesting a role in immunity and choriogenesis. Vg3, one S. invicta vitellogenin gene, was upregulated in the vitellaria of mated queens, reinforcing its role in vitellogenesis. Transcripts of the prostaglandin E2 receptor showed ovary region-specific regulation, suggesting a significant role in immunity, oocyte development and potentially in the release of egg-laying behavior. Insulin-related genes were up-regulated in mated queens, reflecting the metabolic demands for egg production.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study advances our understanding of immunity and mating and other key signaling pathways in fire ant reproduction.},
}
@article {pmid40781460,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, M and Kanturski, M and Kim, MJ and Glumac, A and Lee, S},
title = {First record and integrative analysis of the invasive aphid Cinara pilicornis in South Korea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29075},
pmid = {40781460},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {No. RS-2024-004067 51//Korea government (MSIT)/ ; No. RS-2024-004067 51//Korea government (MSIT)/ ; NRF2020R1I1A2069484//Ministry of Education/ ; NRF2020R1I1A2069484//Ministry of Education/ ; Project No. FE0703-2022-01//National Institute of Forest Science, Korea/ ; Project No. FE0703-2022-01//National Institute of Forest Science, Korea/ ; NRF-RS-2025-00561722//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; NRF-RS-2025-00561722//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; NRF-RS-2025-00561722//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aphids/genetics/classification/ultrastructure ; Republic of Korea ; Phylogeny ; *Introduced Species ; Picea/parasitology ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {This study presents the first record of the spruce shoot aphid, Cinara pilicornis (Hartig, 1841) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae), in South Korea. Native to Europe, C. pilicornis has expanded its distribution globally and is recognized as a significant quarantine pest in South Korea, posing substantial ecological and economic risks to native spruce trees and forestry ecosystems. Through detailed morphological and molecular analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mitochondrial COI gene sequencing, the identity of C. pilicornis was confirmed. Phylogenetic analyses (BI and NJ) and species delimitation methods (ABGD, ASAP, and bPTP) further validated the species classification, with all South Korean populations belonging to haplotype 1 a putative ancestral haplotype widely distributed across other regions. Population analyses revealed limited genetic diversity in South Korea, suggesting a recent introduction. Climatic niche modeling indicated that C. pilicornis has the potential to establish populations in temperate and subtropical regions, including Europe, North America, coastal South America, and East Asia. Observations of colony behavior on Picea abies revealed high honeydew production and the formation of black sooty mold, causing visible damage to host plants. This study underscores the importance of strengthening quarantine measures and monitoring native spruce trees in national parks to mitigate the spread and impact of this invasive pest. Effective management strategies are essential to prevent further ecological disruption and economic losses caused by C. pilicornis.},
}
@article {pmid40781096,
year = {2025},
author = {Bacher, S and Ryan-Colton, E and Coiro, M and Cassey, P and Galil, BS and Nuñez, MA and Ansong, M and Dehnen-Schmutz, K and Fayvush, G and Fernandez, RD and Hiremath, AJ and Ikegami, M and Martinou, AF and McDermott, SM and Preda, C and Vilà, M and Weyl, OLF and Aravind, NA and Angelidou, I and Athanasiou, K and Atkore, V and Barney, JN and Blackburn, TM and Brockerhoff, EG and Carbutt, C and Carisio, L and Castro-Díez, P and Céspedes, V and Christopoulou, A and Cisneros-Heredia, DF and Cooling, M and de Groot, M and Demetriou, J and Dickey, JWE and Duboscq-Carra, VG and Early, R and Evans, TG and Flores-Males, PT and Gallardo, B and Gruber, M and Hui, C and Jeschke, JM and Joelson, NZ and Khan, MA and Kumschick, S and Lach, L and Lapin, K and Lioy, S and Liu, C and MacMullen, ZJ and Mazzitelli, MA and Measey, J and Mrugała-Koese, AA and Musseau, CL and Nahrung, HF and Pepori, A and Pertierra, LR and Pienaar, EF and Pyšek, P and Rivas Torres, G and Rojas Martinez, HA and Rojas-Sandoval, J and Ryan-Schofield, NL and Sánchez, RM and Santini, A and Santoro, D and Scalera, R and Schmidt, L and Shivambu, TC and Sohrabi, S and Tricarico, E and Trillo, A and Van't Hof, P and Volery, L and Zengeya, TA},
title = {Correction: Global Impacts Dataset of Invasive Alien Species (GIDIAS).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1390},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-025-05750-x},
pmid = {40781096},
issn = {2052-4463},
}
@article {pmid40779621,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, M and Fang, M and Usoof, AM and Mandrak, NE and Chu, C and Qian, H and Cao, Y and Liu, C and Cuthbert, RN and Li, SP and Su, G and Tedesco, PA and Dick, JTA and Wei, H and Yu, F and Shu, L and Wang, X and Mu, X and Gu, D},
title = {Ecological similarity governs non-native fish establishment while human pressure and native diversity shape invasion richness.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {32},
pages = {eadw4347},
pmid = {40779621},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Fishes/classification/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; Humans ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions by non-native fish species pose a major threat to global freshwater ecosystems. However, our understanding of why invaders establish in some communities but not others (i.e., occurrence probability) and why some communities harbor more invaders than others (i.e., invasion richness) remains limited. Here, we combine species- and community-level analyses across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions to investigate both the occurrence probability and invasion richness of exotic and translocated fish species across nearly 3000 North American freshwater fish communities. We found that ecological similarity between non-native and native species primarily governed non-native fish establishment, with invaders more likely to succeed when closely related to native species. In contrast, invasion richness was largely promoted by human pressure, while native diversity reduced richness specifically for translocated species. Additionally, both the occurrence and richness of invaders increased toward lower latitudes. Together, these findings highlight the distinct yet complementary roles of environmental filtering, human activities, and biotic interactions in shaping freshwater fish invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40778230,
year = {2025},
author = {Rathnayaka, AR and Chethana, KWT and Manowong, A and Bhagya, AT and Win, H and Tun, ZL and Mapook, A and Hyde, KD},
title = {Taxonomy, phylogeny, and bioactive potential of Xylariales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from Thailand: novel species discovery, new host and geographical records, and antibacterial properties.},
journal = {MycoKeys},
volume = {120},
number = {},
pages = {35-117},
pmid = {40778230},
issn = {1314-4049},
abstract = {Xylariales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) comprise a wide range of species that exhibit considerable variation in stromatic characteristics, including conspicuous to inconspicuous perithecia and unitunicate asci. Most known species are endophytes and saprobes, recognized for producing secondary metabolites of fundamental importance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The main objectives of this study were to identify novel species, document new host and geographical records within the families Diatrypaceae, Hypoxylaceae, and Xylariaceae in northern and central Thailand, and explore the bioactive properties of secondary metabolites produced by selected Xylariales species. Taxa were identified through morphological examination, supported by phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference based on LSU, ITS, rpb2, and β-tub gene sequences. These taxa are accompanied by comprehensive descriptions and illustrations. Xylariales cultures were screened for preliminary antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens Bacillussubtilis (Gram-positive) and Escherichiacoli (Gram-negative). Based on the screening results, two newly introduced species (Annulohypoxylonchiangraiense and Hypoxylonthailandicum) and two known species (Xylariachrysanthum and Daldiniaeschscholtzii), which exhibited antibacterial activity, were selected for secondary metabolite extraction. Crude extracts from these isolates were chemically profiled using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Q-TOF analyses, revealing a variety of potential compounds. The present study enhances our understanding of the taxonomic diversity and bioactive potential of Xylariales by introducing five new species, reporting nine new host records-including one new geographical record-and evaluating the bioactive properties of selected Xylariales cultures.},
}
@article {pmid40778187,
year = {2025},
author = {Jones, M and Matechou, E and Cole, D and Diana, A and Griffin, J and Peixoto, S and Handley, LL and Buxton, A},
title = {More than presence-absence; modelling (e)DNA concentration across time and space from qPCR survey data.},
journal = {Journal of statistical theory and practice},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {68},
pmid = {40778187},
issn = {1559-8608},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys offer a revolutionary approach to species monitoring by detecting DNA traces left by organisms in environmental samples, such as water and soil. These surveys provide a cost-effective, non-invasive, and highly sensitive alternative to traditional methods that rely on direct observation of species, especially for protected or invasive species. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a technique used to amplify and quantify a targeted DNA molecule, making it a popular tool for monitoring focal species. Modelling of qPCR data has so far focused on inferring species presence/absence at surveyed sites. However, qPCR output is also informative regarding DNA concentration of the species in the sample, and hence, with the appropriate modelling approach, in the environment. In this paper, we introduce a modelling framework that infers DNA concentration at surveyed sites across time and space, and as a function of covariates, from qPCR output. Our approach accounts for contamination and inhibition in lab analyses, addressing biases particularly notable at low DNA concentrations, and for the inherent stochasticity in the corresponding data. Additionally, we incorporate heteroscedasticity in qPCR output, recognizing the increased variance of qPCR data at lower DNA concentrations. We validate our model through a simulation study, comparing its performance against models that ignore contamination/inhibition and variance heterogeneity. Further, we apply the model to three case studies involving aquatic and semi-aquatic species surveys in the UK. Our findings demonstrate improved accuracy and robustness in estimating DNA concentrations, offering a refined tool for ecological monitoring and conservation efforts.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42519-025-00477-9.},
}
@article {pmid40775501,
year = {2025},
author = {Bakacsy, L and Zakar, T},
title = {An investigation into the spatial patterns of invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) stands through the utilization of drone images.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {28889},
pmid = {40775501},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Asclepias/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Hungary ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The phenomenon of biological invasions represents one of the most significant threats to biodiversity. A fundamental aspect of combating invasive plant species is the comprehension of the spatial and temporal alterations in their population dynamics. One of the important habitats of the European Union is the Pannon sand grasslands in Hungary, which are primarily threatened by the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). The objective of this study was to ascertain the efficacy of drone imaging in examining the spatial patterns of milkweed shoots in comparison to ground survey data. To facilitate comparison, a survey was conducted on 12 milkweed populations in the Fülöpháza area of Kiskunság National Park. In each population, a 12-meter transect (comprising six contiguous 2 m × 2 m quadrats) was designated within which the positions of the shoots were recorded with centimeter accuracy through ground surveys. The individual shoots were marked on images captured from an altitude of 20 m using a drone. The results indicated that the number of shoots identified in the drone images was slightly lower than in the ground surveys; however, a positive correlation was observed between the two datasets (r = 0.9594). A strong positive correlation was evident between the ground and drone surveys in terms of both the average distance between shoots and the observed pattern (r = 0.933 and r = 0.9146). In light of these findings, it can be concluded that drone imaging represents an effective method for examining the size and pattern of populations. Consequently, it may prove to be a valuable tool for the accurate planning of invasive species management in conservation efforts and the monitoring of the effectiveness of treatments.},
}
@article {pmid40772801,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, T and Li, Y and Cadotte, MW and Tsang, TPN and Wang, Z and Chu, C},
title = {Plant Invasion Decreases the Likelihood of Community Persistence Through Asymmetric Competition.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {8},
pages = {e70154},
doi = {10.1111/ele.70154},
pmid = {40772801},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {#2022YFF0802300//National Key Research Development Program of China/ ; 32330064//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31925027//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31901106//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202306380238//China Scholarship Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Plants ; Ecosystem ; Natural Resources ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Plant invasion is a significant driver of species loss in ecological communities. However, projecting its impact on multispecies coexistence remains a challenge. Here, we conducted pairwise experiments with five native and five non-native species, using the Ricker model to estimate interaction coefficients and population growth rates. We assessed the impact of non-native species on community persistence potential through a structural approach that integrates multispecies interactions and estimates coexistence probabilities. We found that community persistence potential generally declined after invasion, with the feasibility domain (i.e., the probability that all species co-occur simultaneously) becoming more asymmetric as more native species were replaced by non-native ones. Interestingly, non-native species were more likely to be excluded first under random environmental perturbations in communities where they were dominant. Our findings highlight the importance of clarifying species interaction structure under random disturbances in shaping community persistence and suggest tailored invasion management strategies to optimise resource allocation.},
}
@article {pmid40769985,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Liu, Y and Yang, Y and Bian, C and Liu, C and Zhang, Y and Mu, X},
title = {A chromosome-level genome assembly of Electrophorus voltai, a species of electric eel.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1367},
pmid = {40769985},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome ; *Chromosomes ; *Electrophorus/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; DNA Transposable Elements ; },
abstract = {Electrophorus voltai, a South American electric eel, is renowned as the most powerful bioelectricity generator, capable of producing electric discharges reaching 860 volts. This remarkable ability positions it as an invaluable model for investigating the genetic, physiological, and developmental mechanisms driving electrogenesis in vertebrates. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of E. voltai, constructed using PacBio HiFi long reads and Hi-C scaffolding. The final assembly spans 666.91 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1.54 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 28.42 Mb, anchored onto 26 chromosomes. Genome annotation revealed 23,221 protein-coding genes, of which 22,306 genes were functionally annotated. Repetitive sequences account for 298.83 Mb of the genome, dominated by transposable elements. Additionally, we identified 225 miRNAs, 5,409 tRNAs, 288 rRNAs, and 535 snRNAs. This genome provides a foundational resource for comparative genomic studies of electric fish and facilitates investigations into the evolution of electrogenesis, electrocyte development, and bioelectric signal regulation in vertebrates.},
}
@article {pmid40767908,
year = {2025},
author = {Hartle, CT and Lee, CC and Hsu, HW and Lin, CY and Liu, KL and Chang, JY and Lawrence, JA and Tay, JW and Yang, CS},
title = {Five novel RNA viruses of the invasive big-headed ant (Pheidole megacephala).},
journal = {Archives of virology},
volume = {170},
number = {9},
pages = {190},
pmid = {40767908},
issn = {1432-8798},
support = {VA-160193//Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University/ ; Virginia Tech New Faculty Start-up Funds//Virginia Tech New Faculty Start-up Funds/ ; USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant//USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant/ ; USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant//USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/virology ; *RNA Viruses/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Hawaii ; Taiwan ; Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The African big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala, is one of the most destructive invasive ant species, posing a significant threat to native biodiversity and ecosystem function, particularly in island ecosystems. Despite recent efforts to characterize pathogens in other major invasive ants, P. megacephala has received comparatively little attention. In this study, we characterized five novel RNA viruses actively replicating in P. megacephala, which we have named Pheidole megacephala virus 1-5 (PmV1-5), and examined viral diversity and prevalence in two invasive populations in Taiwan and Hawaii. This ant possesses a unique trait of true morphological worker dimorphism (major and minor), allowing us to test whether virus prevalence differs between the major and minor worker castes. Our findings indicate that all five novel viruses were present in both populations, but viral prevalence was higher in Hawaii than in Taiwan, potentially due to differences in supercolony structure. Multiple-virus infections were common, with coinfection by PmV1 and PmV5 being the most frequent. Notably, we found no significant difference in infection patterns between major and minor workers, suggesting that virus distribution is stable within colonies and that sampling different castes does not introduce bias in pathogen detection. This study represents the first characterization of viral pathogens in P. megacephala and may contribute to the development of microbial control strategies against this globally invasive ant.},
}
@article {pmid40767448,
year = {2025},
author = {Collings, JA and Shoemaker, LG and Diez, JM},
title = {Environmental context alters plant-soil feedback effects on plant coexistence.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {8},
pages = {e70170},
pmid = {40767448},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {2125586//National Science Foundation/ ; EPS-1655726//National Science Foundation/ ; EPS-2019528//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Plants ; },
abstract = {Plant-soil feedbacks are thought to mediate outcomes of plant competition through microbially driven positive or negative feedback loops. Plant-microbe interactions are known to depend on the underlying environmental context, yet most efforts to understand how plant-soil feedbacks mediate species coexistence have not considered these context dependencies. Here, we use modern coexistence theory to assess how this environmental context-dependence of plant-microbe interactions might influence plant coexistence, and through which species interactions environmental context-dependencies are most likely to modify coexistence outcomes. First, we found that the component species interactions in a plant-soil feedback model vary in their relative effects, with microbes impacting fitness ratios more so than direct plant-plant interactions. We also found that linear effects of the environment on plant-soil feedbacks result in nonlinear changes in niche differences and fitness ratios, which can result in altered predictions for coexistence, shifting species pairs from regions of coexistence to competitive exclusion or even priority effects. Finally, we extended our model to simulate how environmental dependence of plant-soil feedbacks in a well-studied invasive species, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), may help explain invasion dynamics across environmental regions. We also discuss paths forward in empirically parameterizing context-dependent coexistence models using greenhouse experiments. This work builds on recent efforts to integrate plant-soil feedback theory with modern coexistence theory, suggesting that context-dependencies of plant-microbe interactions may more strongly alter fitness ratios compared to plant-plant interactions. Our results highlight how context-dependent plant-soil feedbacks may help explain spatial and temporal variation in plant community dynamics and suggest that the underlying mechanism of these dynamics depends on the relative sensitivity of particular species interactions to the environmental gradient.},
}
@article {pmid41736911,
year = {2025},
author = {Medeiros, MJ and Burger, AD and Price, DK and Yew, JY},
title = {Microbiome composition of Drosophila suzukii varies across geographical regions.},
journal = {Frontiers in ecology and evolution},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41736911},
issn = {2296-701X},
support = {P20 GM125508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; P20 GM139753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Drosophila suzukii is a common agricultural pest in numerous parts of the world, costing more than $500 million annually in crop loss in the United States alone. Understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying its remarkable adaptability has been a major focus for the agricultural industry as well as evolutionary biologists. The microbiome, the community of microbes associated with host organisms, can play a pivotal role in local adaptation by improving host resilience to environmental stress and providing access to new sources of nutrition. Here, we test the hypothesis that the colonization of nonnative regions is associated with the incorporation of regionally-specific microbial taxa. We compare the microbiome profiles of wild-caught D. suzukii across five global sites, Asia, Europe, the United Kingdom, North America, and Hawai'i. We also compare microbial communities of D. suzukii found in Hawai'i to another local invasive species, D. immigrans, and native Hawaiian drosophilids. Our results reveal that wild-caught D. suzukii from Asia, Europe, the United Kingdom, North America, and the Hawaiian Islands exhibit distinct microbial compositions indicating that the environment is a stronger driver of microbiome composition than species identity. Seven bacterial families were conserved between all wild D. suzukii populations. Within Hawai'i, non-native D. suzukii bacterial communities differed from those of native Hawaiian Drosophila species as well as non-native D. immigrans. By contrast, fungal microbiome profiles between the Hawaiian Drosophila and two invasive species closely resemble each other. In sum, all populations of D. suzukii in this study contain a subset of conserved bacterial families but also incorporate local bacterial taxa. This strategy may contribute to the rapid range expansion of D. suzukii and enhance its ability to exploit new dietary sources.},
}
@article {pmid41395358,
year = {2024},
author = {Burnett, MJ and Hanzen, C and Whitehead, A and O'Brien, GC and Downs, CT},
title = {Potential for a commercial inland fishery or just another water storage facility at Spring Grove Dam, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa?.},
journal = {African journal of aquatic science},
volume = {49},
number = {2},
pages = {145-158},
pmid = {41395358},
issn = {1608-5914},
support = {227749/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {South Africa's inland fisheries are generally undervalued, though there is developing interest in the sector. Spring Grove Dam in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands became operational as a water storage facility in 2013 to provide water to the growing urban population in the province. We assessed whether the impoundment could potentially support commercial fisheries as had been proposed during its design and construction. We conducted seasonal fish community surveys from 2020 to 2021 at sites along the impoundment and in the mainstem of the Mooi River which feeds into the impoundment. We recorded a total of nine fish species, including six non-native fishes with invasive characteristics. Only three of 10 expected native species were found, namely the KwaZulu-Natal yellowfish Labeobarbus natalensis, chubbyhead barb Enteromius anoplus and African longfin eel Anguilla mossambica. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was low in the sampling surveys using mostly gillnets and fyke nets, and relatively low yields (14.97 tonnes yr[-1]) were subsequently calculated for the impoundment, making commercial fisheries unviable. However, the existing subsistence and recreational fisheries for non-native salmonids and the native L. natalensis would benefit by controlling the distribution range and abundances of non-native centrachids Micropterus spp. We offer recommendations and suggestions for management plans for Spring Grove Dam in the context of local fish diversity, a changing climate, further construction of water storage facilities on east-flowing rivers in the province, and a nationally neglected inland fishery industry.},
}
@article {pmid41466997,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, T and Li, Y and Cadotte, MW and Godoy, O and Chu, C},
title = {Can competitive effects and responses of alien and native species predict invasion outcomes?.},
journal = {Fundamental research},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {2671-2677},
pmid = {41466997},
issn = {2667-3258},
abstract = {The relative competitive ability of native and alien species, which consists of competitive effect (CE) and response (CR), has often been invoked as a key determinant of invasion success. Previous studies have reported that an alien species with a high CE and/or a low CR would successfully invade a native species. However, no studies have yet empirically examined the hypothesis or tested the consistency of invasion outcomes predicted by the CE-CR framework and modern species coexistence theory (MCT). To fill this research gap, we conducted a pairwise competition experiment between five alien and five native species, quantified CE and CR based on their biomass in the absence and presence of one competitor, and predicted invasion outcomes based on both CE-CR and MCT frameworks. We have demonstrated theoretically that the CE and CR frequently measured in previous work are only approximations of interspecific competitive coefficients, and thus could not completely predict the invasion outcomes. As we expected, the invasion outcomes predicted by the CE-CR framework were partially consistent with the predictions by the MCT framework. Specifically, aliens with low CR and high CE tended to exclude natives, while aliens with high CR and low CE tended to be excluded by natives according to MCT. In contrast, pairs of stable coexistence and priority effects did not conform to the theoretical expectation. Despite the theoretical defects of the CE-CR framework, it can provide some useful value in predicting the invasion outcomes, especially when intrinsic growth rate and intraspecific competition coefficients are not available. Our study is the first to compare invasion outcomes separately derived from qualitative (the CE-CR framework) and quantitative (the MCT framework) methods. We recommend that future research should adopt quantitative approaches such as MCT as far as possible, to more comprehensively understand and predict the biotic outcomes of interacting species.},
}
@article {pmid41121675,
year = {2024},
author = {Smith, L and Long, RA and Cannizzaro, AG and Sawicki, TR},
title = {Vicariance and cryptic diversity revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses of estuarine Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda) due to formation of the Labrador Current.},
journal = {Invertebrate systematics},
volume = {38},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1071/IS24003},
pmid = {41121675},
issn = {1447-2600},
abstract = {The metapopulation of the estuarine species Gammarus tigrinus along the east coast of the United States has been hypothesised to represent two cryptic species divided biogeographically off the coast of North Carolina, USA. This divergence has been attributed to a strong temperature gradient created by the formation of the cold Labrador Current c. 3.0 million years ago. In addition, the northern phylogeographic clade of G. tigrinus has been demonstrated to be invasive in estuarine habitats across a large portion of northern Europe. Recent collections of G. tigrinus from Florida and Maryland, USA, allow for new approaches to test this hypothesis. Using the nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes, species delimitation models provide support that the genetic divergence of the northern and southern clades is equivalent to species level. In addition, molecular clock data demonstrate that this phylogeographic divergence coincides with the formation of the Labrador Current. Furthermore, the collections of G. daiberi from Florida, a species with biogeographical and ecological characteristics similar to those of G. tigrinus, provide independent support for the hypothesis. The potential for invasive species to be cryptic highlights the need for accurate identification of taxa to ensure that appropriate biogeographical assessment of potential source populations and mechanisms of dispersal can be made.},
}
@article {pmid41541258,
year = {2025},
author = {Qian, H and Deng, T},
title = {Species invasion and phylogenetic relatedness of vascular plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the roof of the world.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {47},
number = {6},
pages = {883-888},
pmid = {41541258},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world. Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition, phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant species, and phylogenetic relationships between native and naturalized plant species on the plateau is of great importance. Here, we analyze a comprehensive dataset including all species of native and naturalized vascular plants known to occur in the core part of the QTP. We use net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI), which reflect deep and shallow evolutionary histories, respectively, to quantify phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm species. The QTP included in this study (1,448,815 km[2]) has 9086 and 314 species of native and naturalized non-native vascular plants, respectively. We find that the naturalized angiosperm species are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the species pool including all native and naturalized angiosperm species on the QTP included in this study, regardless of whether NRI or NTI is used. For the eight regions within the QTP included in this study, NRI and NTI of naturalized angiosperms are positive in seven regions with respect to their respective regional species pools, reflecting phylogenetic clustering. Thus, naturalized angiosperm species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of all angiosperm species on the QTP, regardless of whether the studied plateau as a whole or its constituent regions are considered.},
}
@article {pmid40767447,
year = {2025},
author = {Nashrah, NA and Mandrak, NE and Massey, MD},
title = {Invasive goldfish (Carassius auratus) maintain aerobic scope across acute warm water temperatures.},
journal = {Biology open},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {40767447},
issn = {2046-6390},
support = {//University of Toronto Scarborough/ ; //Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //Liber Ero Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Goldfish/physiology ; *Temperature ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Oxygen Consumption ; Acclimatization ; },
abstract = {Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were first introduced to the Laurentian Great Lakes when it was first introduced into Lake Ontario in the 1800s. In the past 15 years, there have been dramatic increases in both goldfish abundance and geographic spread across North America, including the Great Lakes, raising concerns about its potential for negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Climate studies suggest that habitat ranges suitable for goldfish will continue to expand in the future as water temperatures rise towards its thermal optima. We explore whether warmer temperatures are physiologically suitable for a population of wild, invasive goldfish (Hamilton, ON, Canada) by testing aerobic scope (AS) at current (26°C) and predicted (30°C) peak summer water temperatures. Goldfish were first acclimated to a common-garden average summer pond temperature (22°C), then their AS was estimated by calculating the difference between routine and maximum metabolic rates (RMR and MMR) at the two test temperatures. Our results demonstrate that wild goldfish sustain their AS through increases in both RMR and MMR from 26°C to 30°C (mass-standardized means of 1.07 versus 1.17 mgO2h-1 at 26°C versus 30°C, respectively). This ability to sustain aerobic energy budget at high peak water temperatures could offer physiological benefits to this invasive population in a warming climate.},
}
@article {pmid40764464,
year = {2025},
author = {Hou, Y and Duan, L and Sun, Y and Hun, X},
title = {DNAzyme-driven dual-cycle coupled with pregnancy test strip signal transduction for monitoring of Dreissena polymorpha.},
journal = {Mikrochimica acta},
volume = {192},
number = {9},
pages = {557},
pmid = {40764464},
issn = {1436-5073},
support = {21575073//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 201802685//Laoshan Scholar Program of Qingdao University of Science and Technology/ ; },
mesh = {*DNA, Catalytic/metabolism/chemistry ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Limit of Detection ; Humans ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/chemistry/metabolism ; *Pregnancy Tests/methods ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods ; *Reagent Strips/chemistry ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; DNA/analysis ; },
abstract = {Dreissena polymorpha, an invasive species in North America, poses a serious threat to the environment and economy. It suffocates native species and clogs infrastructure, disrupting ecosystems. Since this species can also indicate biological pollution in water bodies, early monitoring can enable effective intervention and control measures to mitigate ecological and economic losses. Herein, a strategy was constructed for Dreissena polymorpha DNA detection with enzyme-assisted target recovery coupling DNAzyme-driven double-cycle signal amplification. This detection method utilizes the signal transduction mode of commercial pregnancy test strips. Magnetic beads conjugated with H1 (MB-H1) are hybridized to human chorionic gonadotropin-coupled H2 (hCG-H2). Target binding triggers toehold-mediated strand displacement. The cleavage of the endonuclease releases the target and hCG-H2 and generates DNAzyme. The DNAzyme, activated by Mn[2+], cleaves MB-ssDNA-hCG substrate, releasing abundant free hCG. This converts the target into free hCG, detected visually via commercial pregnancy test strips. The test strip assay showed high sensitivity with a limit of detection of 3.3 fM and showed great potential for monitoring invasive species in a portable and device-free manner, providing practical advantages for ecological management. This use of existing immediate equipment to enable portable detection of non-primary targets demonstrates high potential and advantage.},
}
@article {pmid40763703,
year = {2025},
author = {Keller, N and Anthony, MA and van der Voort, TS and Binte Mohamed Ramdzan, KN and Mills, MB and Raczka, NC and Koh, LP},
title = {Soil carbon as a blind spot in tropical rainforest restoration.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {35},
number = {15},
pages = {R765-R781},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.060},
pmid = {40763703},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Rainforest ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Carbon/analysis ; Tropical Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Trees ; Carbon Cycle ; },
abstract = {Following years of degradation, tropical forests are now a key focus for active ecosystem restoration, which involves strategies such as tree planting to maximize aboveground biomass. The impact of active restoration on soil carbon storage has, however, been overlooked in restoration management and carbon offsetting projects despite its substantial contribution to ecosystem carbon budgets. In this review, we examine how active restoration in tropical rainforests can affect soil carbon storage from all major tropical regions (i.e., Southeast Asia, Central Africa, and Neotropics) and formulate testable research avenues for specific pathways of carbon gain and loss. We investigate direct and indirect impacts of active forest restoration on soil carbon related to forest structure and tree planting. We conclude that increases in aboveground biomass and biodiversity, along with the enhancement of trees with particular mycorrhizal fungal partners, could promote soil carbon storage. Silvicultural site preparation measures preceding tree planting are unlikely to significantly affect soil carbon storage, despite altering forest structure and nutrient availability. Conversely, invasive species management could decrease soil carbon storage, but this remains one of the least studied pathways in tropical rainforest restoration. The substantial amount of carbon stored in soil means net changes in soil carbon storage bear significant implications for carbon cycling and offsetting initiatives, even if changes following active restoration measures may be small. We encourage targeted belowground field campaigns in tropical regions where data are particularly sparse to test these pathways and provide much needed information for carbon offsetting programs and restoration management.},
}
@article {pmid40761532,
year = {2025},
author = {Pleizier, N and Schwieterman, GD and Birnie-Gauvin, K and Blewett, TA and Dressler, TL and Hardison, EA and Jeffries, KM and Kraskura, K and Teffer, AK and Van Wert, JC and Eliason, EJ},
title = {Conservation physiology of freshwater fishes: an illustration of pressing questions and implications for management.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {coaf057},
pmid = {40761532},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {Rivers, lakes, and wetlands are facing threats that continue to grow in intensity and frequency from climate change, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, changes in food availability, natural disasters, various forms of pollution (e.g., trace metals, light, noise), and emerging infectious diseases. These disruptions to freshwater environments are driving population declines in freshwater fishes as well as threatening migratory species that need freshwater habitats to complete their life cycle. To improve freshwater fish conservation efforts, it is essential to understand the magnitude and nature of the threats fish are currently facing. Here, we present a series of case studies that illustrate the utility of employing physiological methods to assess both the threats facing freshwater fishes, and the conservation efforts being used to help preserve freshwater biodiversity. We present an array of physiological tools that can be used across multiple levels of biological organization, from molecular to population-level, to address a variety of questions. Finally, we share what we view to be pressing questions in freshwater fish conservation physiology and highlight strategies to help bridge gaps across different user groups.},
}
@article {pmid40757428,
year = {2025},
author = {Callaway, RM and Pal, RW and Schaar, A and Hooper, D and Auge, H and Hensen, I and Kožić, K and Lekberg, Y and Nagy, DU and Selke, JA and Thoma, AE and Träger, S and Rosche, C},
title = {Exotic Invasive Plant Species Increase Primary Productivity, but Not in Their Native Ranges.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {8},
pages = {e70187},
doi = {10.1111/ele.70187},
pmid = {40757428},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {//German Research Foundation/ ; //federal state of Saxony-Anhalt/ ; //German Academic Exchange Service London/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; },
abstract = {Ecosystem net primary productivity is thought to occur near the maximum that abiotic constraints allow; but exotic invasive plants often correlate with increased productivity. However, field patterns and experimental evidence for this come only from the non-native ranges of exotic species. Thus, we do not know if this pattern is caused by exotic invasions per se or whether successful exotic species are disproportionately productive or colonise more productive microsites. We measured aboveground biomass in the field and in common gardens with five plant species in their native and non-native ranges. For all species combined, exotic invaders increased total plot productivity in their non-native ranges by 91% in the field, and by 107% in the common garden, but had much smaller or no such effects in their native ranges. Thus, exotic invaders appear to be a driver of increased productivity, not simply a passenger, but only in their non-native ranges.},
}
@article {pmid40755186,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, RF and Zhang, X and Dang, L and Guo, YJ and Xu, YH and Yisilamu, AD and Yan, ZG and Chen, L and Wang, YJ},
title = {Species diversity mediates negative impacts of plant invasion on native-community flowering synchrony.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {1},
pages = {389-400},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70401},
pmid = {40755186},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {32171510//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31770449//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Flowers/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Species Specificity ; *Solidago/physiology ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Plant invasion is a major global driver to the structure of natural communities. Species diversity is a fundamental determinant of community regeneration through flowering phenology. However, the impacts of plant invasion on native plant flowering phenology and how species diversity regulates the process remain unclear. We conducted a field experiment to assess the effects of plant invasion (Solidago canadensis) and community species diversity on flowering phenology of native plants from different flowering functional groups at the community and species levels. At the community level, plant invasion shortened flowering duration and reduced flowering synchrony. Furthermore, high diversity reduced the negative impacts of plant invasion on flowering synchrony. Among flowering functional groups, the late- and mid-flowering species responded more negatively to plant invasion than the early-flowering species. Structural equation modeling indicated that plant invasion suppressed plant height and first or last flowering date by reducing light availability, which in turn affected flowering phenology. However, high diversity counteracted the negative effects. Our findings confirm the role of high diversity in resisting plant invasions on flowering phenology and reproduction of native plant communities, and suggest that high diversity with different flowering functional groups should be considered to efficiently restore native communities invaded by alien plants, such as S. canadensis.},
}
@article {pmid40754130,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, WJ and Hsu, PW and Vargo, EL and Yang, CS},
title = {Microbial, genetic, and urban drivers of ant invasions.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {72},
number = {},
pages = {101417},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2025.101417},
pmid = {40754130},
issn = {2214-5753},
mesh = {*Ants/microbiology/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Symbiosis ; Wolbachia/physiology ; },
abstract = {Invasive ants are among the most destructive invaders worldwide, causing ecological disruption, economic losses, and public health risks. While classic traits such as polygyny, colony budding, and supercoloniality are well-known contributors to their success, emerging research reveals a broader suite of mechanisms driving their invasiveness. This review synthesizes recent findings on the microbial, genetic, and behavioral factors that facilitate ant invasions. Microbial interactions play a crucial role; invasive ants often exhibit a loss of natural enemies, including microbial pathogens such as Wolbachia. However, Wolbachia has received growing attention for its potential mutualistic role in enhancing colony productivity and nutrient provisioning. The bridgehead effect, wherein invasive populations establish strategic hubs that facilitate secondary invasions, has been increasingly recognized as a key driver of global ant spread and may promote genetic intermixing among invasive lineages. Genetic mechanisms such as double clonality, sexually antagonistic selection, and tolerance to inbreeding help invasive ants maintain genetic diversity despite founding populations often consisting of relatively few individuals. Additionally, urban environments impose unique selective pressures that may lead to adaptations favoring success across all stages of the invasion process. This framework aligns with the Anthropogenically Induced Adaptation to Invade (AIAI) hypothesis and helps explain why many urban-adapted ants become globally invasive. As urbanization continues to expand, human-modified landscapes may inadvertently serve as breeding grounds for future invasive species. Understanding these multifaceted invasion dynamics provides critical insights for managing invasive ant populations and mitigating their widespread impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40754080,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, C and Tang, Y and Yin, X and Yan, Y and Meng, C and Zhang, Y and Wang, L and Han, R and Qiao, X and Schetelig, MF and Wan, F and Chen, Q and Qian, W},
title = {Nanocarrier delivered dsRNA: an efficient method for controlling the malignant invasive golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata).},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {322},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {146520},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146520},
pmid = {40754080},
issn = {1879-0003},
mesh = {Animals ; *RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Snails/genetics/drug effects ; RNA Interference ; Introduced Species ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Pomacea canaliculata, commonly known as the golden apple snail, is one of the world's top 100 worst invasive alien species. Its widespread invasion has led to reduced agricultural yields, water pollution, and human health risks. While several control methods have been proposed, they often pose environmental and biodiversity risks. In this study, we developed a stable, efficient, and specific molluscicide by combining RNA interference (RNAi) with nanomaterials. We targeted the PcATP5F1A gene using dsRNA, significantly increasing mortality in P. canaliculata and reducing the expression of this gene. The results demonstrated that dsPcATP5F1A@PEG-PLys(SH) substantially enhanced the gene silencing effect and mortality rates in P. canaliculata. Furthermore, the dsRNA@nanoparticle complexes exhibited remarkable stability, even in the presence of RNase A. To investigate the mechanism, we employed FITC-conjugated synthetic dsPcATP5F1A to trace fluorescence signals in P. canaliculata tissues. The signals concentrated in the hepatopancreas, and histological examination revealed disrupted connective tissue and widened interstitial spaces. The biosafety test results indicated that dsPcATP5F1A posed no risk to non-target organisms sharing the same ecological niche. These findings confirm PcATP5F1A as an effective RNA pesticide target, with dsPcATP5F1A@PEG-PLys(SH) offering an environmentally friendly solution for controlling P. canaliculata and mitigating its invasion.},
}
@article {pmid40753927,
year = {2025},
author = {Oiry, S and Davies, BFR and Stiger-Pouvreau, V and Gernez, P and Barillé, L},
title = {Mapping the distribution of the alien invasive Gracilaria vermiculophylla at the site of its first European introduction.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {392},
number = {},
pages = {126726},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126726},
pmid = {40753927},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Gracilaria ; Ecosystem ; Estuaries ; Europe ; Spain ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; },
abstract = {The invasive red macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla has significantly impacted intertidal ecosystems in temperate estuaries globally. This study utilized drone-based multispectral remote sensing to map the spatial and temporal distribution of G. vermiculophylla in its first documented European site, the Belon Estuary, alongside additional sites in Spain and France. By adapting the neural network classification model DISCOV, trained with a comprehensive dataset, we achieved 91.1 % accuracy in distinguishing G. vermiculophylla from other macroalgal taxa. Historical aerial imagery revealed a progressive expansion of G. vermiculophylla from its initial appearance in 1976, approximately 20 years before its first description in the literature, to extensive colonization by 2024. Concurrent LiDAR data enabled precise characterization of intertidal topography, demonstrating a strong association between algal cover, elevation, and slope. Dense mats were consistently observed in flat, elevated mudflat areas, with reduced presence in steeper or lower zones. These patterns indicate that G. vermiculophylla is able to persist in stable, fine-sediment environments where hydrodynamic forces are relatively low. Temporal analyses also linked its spread to anthropogenic activities, notably aquaculture. Our findings emphasize the utility of high-resolution drone imaging for invasive species monitoring and habitat mapping, offering critical insights into the ecological dynamics of G. vermiculophylla and its drivers. This scalable method facilitates proactive management strategies by enabling early detection and detailed assessment of invasion patterns. The integration of remote sensing and in situ validation establishes a robust framework for ecological monitoring, contributing to the understanding of biological invasions and their environmental consequences. This approach can inform management interventions to mitigate the impacts of G. vermiculophylla and similar invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40753926,
year = {2025},
author = {Miller, BJ and McKinstry, MC and Wilcock, PR and Macfarlane, WW and Bassett, S and Budy, P and Pennock, CA},
title = {Shrinking channels, growing threats: Habitat degradation from channel narrowing and invasive vegetation in three dryland rivers.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {392},
number = {},
pages = {126714},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126714},
pmid = {40753926},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Rivers ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; Fishes ; Plants ; },
abstract = {Water development and the proliferation of invasive riparian vegetation have led to widespread habitat loss and simplification of rivers in the western United States, contributing to the imperilment of native fishes. Here, we quantify channel narrowing and vegetation encroachment, which are conspicuous indicators of riverine habitat alteration, along ∼400 km of three dryland tributaries of the upper Colorado River. We conducted a comparative analysis of aerial photographs between the 1930s and 2010s/2020s time periods using visual interpretation and used Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data along with Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) to quantify canopy cover of woody riparian species. All three rivers underwent substantial channel narrowing, coinciding with a general decrease in spring floods over time. However, the extent of narrowing varied among the rivers (78 %, 73 %, and 29 %) with greater narrowing corresponding to larger reductions in spring flows. In contrast, contemporary woody cover was similarly high among all three rivers (39 %, 41 %, and 36 %), and a woody vegetation analysis we conducted for one river indicated a substantial increase in vegetation along the active channel (4 %-74 %). These findings underscore a common pattern observed in rivers throughout the basin, where river channels often undergo narrowing and encroachment by invasive vegetation following dam construction and/or decreases in flows, ultimately leading to habitat simplification, with negative implications for native fishes and other riparian biota. Our findings also emphasize that, even in the presence of nonnative vegetation establishment, preserving or restoring large magnitude and long duration floods can help conserve diverse habitat in dryland rivers.},
}
@article {pmid40751832,
year = {2025},
author = {Eyer, PA and Helms, AM and Moran, MN and Grunseich, JM and Vargo, EL},
title = {Reduced Cuticular Hydrocarbon Production in a Unicolonial Population of the Ant, Nylanderia fulva, Is Associated with Low Desiccation Resistance in its Invasive Range.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {51},
number = {4},
pages = {78},
pmid = {40751832},
issn = {1573-1561},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology/metabolism ; *Hydrocarbons/metabolism/chemistry/analysis ; Desiccation ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are ubiquitous among insects where they form an outer wax layer that helps maintain water balance and prevent desiccation. In social insects, CHCs were subsequently co-opted as semiochemicals in many contexts, including nestmate recognition, which maintains boundaries among competing colonies by ousting non-nestmates. In some ant populations, workers do not discriminate against non-nestmates. This leads to the development of supercolonies, a large network of interconnected nests exchanging unrelated individuals. In this study, we investigate CHC production by workers and their resistance to desiccation in the ant Nylanderia fulva, which exhibits supercolonial behavior within its invasive range in the USA. We found reduced CHC production by workers and increased susceptibility toward desiccation compared to other invasive ants of similar body size. This CHC-poor chemical profile sheds light on the susceptibility of this species to abiotic stress through desiccation with implications for its potential distribution and its development of large supercolonies in its invasive range by impairing nestmate recognition.},
}
@article {pmid40751016,
year = {2025},
author = {Junk, I and Hans, J and Perez-Lamarque, B and Stothut, M and Weber, S and Gold, E and Schubert, C and Schumacher, A and Schmitt, N and Melcher, A and Paulus, M and Klein, R and Teubner, D and Koschorreck, J and Kennedy, S and Morlon, H and Krehenwinkel, H},
title = {Archived natural DNA samplers reveal four decades of biodiversity change across the tree of life.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {10},
pages = {1873-1884},
pmid = {40751016},
issn = {2397-334X},
support = {AZ 93 404/0025//Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency)/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; Germany ; Animals ; *Bivalvia/genetics ; Seaweed/genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Plant Leaves ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; },
abstract = {Detecting the imprints of global environmental change on biological communities is a paramount task for ecological research. But a lack of standardized long-term biomonitoring data prevents a deeper understanding of biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Novel sources of data for analysing biodiversity change across time and space are urgently needed. By metabarcoding highly standardized biota samples from a long-term pollution monitoring archive in Germany, we here analyse four decades of community diversity for tens of thousands of species across the tree of life. The archived samples-tree leaves, marine macroalgae, and marine and limnic mussels-represent natural community DNA samplers, preserving a taxonomically diverse imprint of their associated biodiversity at the time of collection. We find no evidence for universal diversity declines at the local scale. Instead, a gradual compositional turnover emerges as a universal pattern of temporal biodiversity change in Germany's terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This turnover results in biotic homogenization in most terrestrial and marine communities. Limnic communities, in contrast, rather differentiate across space, probably due to the immigration of different invasive species into different sites. Our study highlights the immense promise of alternative sample sources to provide standardized time series data of biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.},
}
@article {pmid40750970,
year = {2025},
author = {Ge, X and Li, X and Han, R and Zhang, S and Jiang, C},
title = {Impact of Gaura parviflora invasion on urban wildness biodiversity: a campus green patch case study.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {28128},
pmid = {40750970},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; China ; Grassland ; Ecosystem ; Plant Weeds ; Soil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Seed Bank ; Poaceae ; Cities ; },
abstract = {Urban wilderness has gradually emerged as a hot spot for urban ecological research due to its crucial role in maintaining urban ecosystem services and protecting biodiversity. Compared to natural areas, urban wildnesss are more susceptible to invasions by alien species, which pose a threat to the functionality of the urban ecosystem. Currently, our understanding of biodiversity within various types of urban wilderness is not comprehensive, and the laws governing biodiversity changes due to alien species invasions remain unclear. This study focuses on an abandoned grassland community on a campus in northern China, which has been invaded by the alien weed Gaura parviflora. The study measured the characteristics of the aboveground community and the soil seed bank, comparing and analyzing species composition, plant/seed density, species diversity, and similarity at different levels of invasion (uninvaded, moderately invaded, severely invaded). The findings indicate that the uninvaded abandoned grassland community is rich in species (with 32 species) and has significant recovery potential (with an average seed density of 11,671 seeds per square meter). The community harbors multiple alien invasive species both aboveground and within the soil seed bank, and its succession process is influenced by biological invasions and human disturbances. The invasion by G. parviflora alters the species composition of both the aboveground community and the soil seed bank, resulting in a significant increase in plant density within the aboveground community. Its impact on the soil seed bank varies with soil depth, leading to a notable decrease in seed density in the 0-5 cm layer compared to the 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm layers; while the Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index for the 0-5 cm and 10-15 cm layers is lower than that of the uninvaded and severely invaded plots. This study reveals that the campus abandoned grassland community faces a high risk of biological invasion, and the invasion by G. parviflora has a more significant impact on the soil seed bank than on the aboveground community, which could lead to substantial changes in community species composition and a loss of biodiversity in the soil seed bank. It is therefore strongly recommended that greater attention be given to the impact of biological invasions on seed banks within the management of campus wild ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40750487,
year = {2025},
author = {Inderjit, and Hagerman, AE and Näsholm, T and Bardgett, RD and Adamczyk, B},
title = {Linkages between plant tannins and the organic nitrogen cycle.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {30},
number = {12},
pages = {1392-1404},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2025.07.002},
pmid = {40750487},
issn = {1878-4372},
mesh = {*Nitrogen Cycle ; *Tannins/metabolism ; *Mycorrhizae/metabolism/physiology ; *Plants/metabolism/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Forests ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Tannins in forest soils bind organic nitrogen into persistent complexes, impacting nutrient cycling and ecosystem productivity. Mycorrhizal fungi, especially ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and ericoid types, can degrade these complexes, releasing nitrogen for plant uptake and influencing community composition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may also assist in nitrogen acquisition via interactions with free-living bacteria. Understanding these fungal-tannin interactions reveals key mechanisms controlling nitrogen cycling (N cycling) in forest ecosystems, especially in tannin-rich temperate and boreal regions. We propose a conceptual framework to explore the feedback loops between plant chemistry, soil microbes, and ecosystem processes. Such knowledge is vital for predicting how forest communities will respond to climate change, land use, and invasive species, informing sustainable forest management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40748240,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao Pinna, L and Gallien, L and Jucker, T and Chytrý, M and La Bella, G and Acosta, ATR and Carboni, M},
title = {Niche Dynamics of Alien Plant Species in Mediterranean Europe.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {e70379},
pmid = {40748240},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Italian Ministery of University and Research/ ; NE/S01537X/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NE/W005042/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; CN_00000033//Ministero dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca/ ; 19-28491X//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Mediterranean Region ; Europe ; *Plant Dispersal ; *Plants/classification ; },
abstract = {Humans have spread plants globally for millennia, inadvertently causing ecological disruptions. Apart from their negative effects, biological invasions provide a unique opportunity to study how species modify their niche when confronted with novel environments. Focusing on the Mediterranean Basin, we assessed (1) which traits influence niche dynamics, and (2) whether niche conservatism or niche shift promotes invasion success. We selected the 80 most widespread alien vascular plant species in Mediterranean Europe and compiled data on their distributions in their native and invaded ranges. We then tested how a species' residence time, biogeographic origin, dispersal ability, functional traits, and intraspecific trait variability (ITV) influence its niche dynamics following invasion. Using already published independent data, we finally assessed whether niche dynamics can explain different dimensions of invasion success (quantified as regional spread or local abundance). We found that niche shifts were common (71% of species) and were mostly driven by species failing to occupy all suitable environments in their invaded range (unfilling), regardless of residence time. Niche unfilling and niche expansion were more important in species with high intraspecific trait variability introduced from non-Mediterranean biomes (temperate or tropical). Niche expansion was also greater in species with long-distance dispersal, a narrow native niche, and bigger seeds. Interestingly, invasion success correlated more with a species' ability to conserve its niche and residence time than with niche expansion. Niche shifts were better predicted by species traits than residence time. For example, high adaptive and acclimatization potential (inferred from high intraspecific trait variability) favored niche shifts in general, and long-distance dispersal favored niche expansion. Understanding how these traits relate to niche dynamics is important since a species' ability to conserve and fill its niche is, in turn, a good predictor of invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid40747003,
year = {2025},
author = {Chaudhary, MN and Ayub, Q and Wee, WY and Lim, SY and Ling, FY and Tan, YE and Masilamany, D and Song, BK},
title = {From the Americas to Southeast Asia: Navigating The Genomic Waves of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Invasions.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {e70139},
pmid = {40747003},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {The fall armyworm (FAW), scientifically known as Spodoptera frugiperda, is an agricultural pest native to the American continents. Its larvae display voracious feeding behavior with a host range of over 350 plant species. The pest was first detected outside the Americas in 2016, subsequently spreading across Africa, Asia, and Oceania. As a country with substantial agricultural imports and exposure to regional migration routes, Malaysia presents a valuable case study for investigating the establishment and adaptation of invasive FAW populations. Forty-two novel Malaysian FAW genomes were sequenced on the DNBSEQ-G400 platform via DNBSeq. A subset of high-quality genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms was used to compare the evolution of both native and invasive FAW populations, with publicly available samples from another 18 countries from across the world. Our analyses revealed clear genetic differentiation between native and invasive FAW populations. We found little evidence to support West African populations as the founding source for Asian or East African invasions. Instead, Malaysian FAW clustered closely with populations from India, China, and East African countries, suggesting multiple, independent introductions into the region. Genomic outliers related to sensory perception, insecticide resistance, and heat tolerance were detected, likely contributing to the recent global success of FAW invasions. This study provides new genomic insights into the invasion history and adaptive strategies of FAW in Malaysia, contributing to a clearer picture of FAW movement across Asia and Africa. The results provide critical information for future pest management and policy-making to mitigate the spread of this invasive pest.},
}
@article {pmid40744620,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, W and Sun, G and Hu, X and Cheng, H and Chen, T and Ni, A and Tang, F and Ye, J},
title = {Synergistic antinematodal effects of fluopyram combined with chlorfenapyr and its potential mechanism against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {106504},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106504},
pmid = {40744620},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; *Antinematodal Agents/pharmacology ; Pinus/parasitology ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Male ; *Pyridines/pharmacology ; Transcriptome/drug effects ; *Tylenchida/drug effects/genetics ; Plant Diseases/parasitology ; },
abstract = {To enhance the chemical control of pine wilt disease (PWD) and mitigate resistance arising from the prolonged use of a single-agent pesticides, the nematicides fluopyram (FLU) and chlorfenapyr (CHL) were combined (FLU_CHL) to determine the optimal ratio and assess their effects on pine wood nematodes (PWNs) and the potential synergistic mechanisms. Results revealed that the optimal synergistic mass ratio of FLU to CHL was 1:3, with nematode survival rate, egg hatchability, and population size significantly lower than with FLU or CHL alone. At this ratio, FLU_CHL also induced morphological abnormalities in nematodes, such as body swelling, lip atrophy, and shrinkage of the male tail and female clitoral cover. Transcriptome sequencing data revealed that there were 313 (83 genes upregulated, 230 genes downregulated), 251 (74 genes upregulated, 177 genes downregulated), and 258 (112 genes upregulated, 146 genes downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in FLU_CHL vs. control, FLU vs. control and CHL vs. control comparison groups, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways enriched in DEGs in the FLU_CHL vs. control comparison group encompassed those enriched for DEGs in the FLU vs. control and CHL vs. control comparison groups. Furthermore, RNA interference and FLU_CHL stress assays indicated that nematode mortality and reproduction rates were significantly reduced after silencing the BxSrab1 gene, a unique DEG in the FLU_CHL treatment group. This study provides a robust theoretical foundation for integrated pesticide applications in PWD control and offers insights for developing novel compound agents for disease management.},
}
@article {pmid40743757,
year = {2025},
author = {Maceda-Veiga, A and Colin, N and Mac Nally, R and Salvadó, H and de Sostoa, A and Yen, JDL},
title = {Effects of the invasive riparian plant Arundo donax on riverine fish: a call for action?.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {996},
number = {},
pages = {180139},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180139},
pmid = {40743757},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Rivers ; *Fishes/physiology ; Spain ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; *Poaceae ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Studies that investigate the effects of a given invasive exotic species within real-world contexts are essential for informing effective management decisions. Here, we used extensive surveys of stream reaches in north-eastern Spain to test whether the presence of the widely distributed invasive exotic riparian plant Arundo donax is detrimental to the conservation of riverine fishes. To explore potential impacts of A. donax at different temporal scales, we examined fish responses using indicators of relatively recent effects (body-condition index) and longer lasting effects (functional diversity indices, taxonomic richness, and the relative abundance of 12 fish species). We found correlative evidence for net positive effects of the presence of A. donax on native fish richness and body condition but negative effects on the overall functional diversity of fish assemblages, including invasive exotic and translocated native fish species. Our analyses also revealed significant interactions between A. donax and local stream conditions, suggesting that these net effects of the plant on fish might shift in direction in some circumstances. In particular, several indicators at the fish community scale support that the presence of A. donax may be beneficial to fishes in streams with high Strahler order values, in-stream habitat diversity and lack of channelization. The plant may provide shelter and refugia to fish in these medium, low-land Mediterranean streams with typically poor cover of high riparian vegetation. Therefore, without overlooking the serious threats caused by biological invasions, this study illustrates that, at least under specific environmental conditions, the local removal of A. donax alone may not achieve the desired ecological outcomes if pre-existing fish-habitat relationships are not taken into account.},
}
@article {pmid40740324,
year = {2025},
author = {Yao, F and Li, C and Chen, Y and Zhang, J and Shi, Z and Qin, Z},
title = {Dynamics in gut microbiota diversity, composition, and assembly reveal the adaptability of invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata during hibernation in rice fields.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1616681},
pmid = {40740324},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host immunity and metabolism and may facilitate the adaptation of invasive species to new environments. During hibernation, gut microbial communities undergo compositional shifts to help hosts cope with low temperatures and food scarcity. However, the dynamics of gut microbiota during hibernation in invasive animals remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted an in situ hibernation experiment on the invasive freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata to investigate changes in its gut microbiota over the course of hibernation. Gut samples were collected at pre-hibernation (day 0) and on the 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th days of hibernation, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results showed that the survival rate of snails reached 85.7% after 120 days. The Shannon diversity index of gut microbiota increased with the duration of hibernation. Although species richness remained relatively stable, increased evenness led to higher alpha diversity. After 60 days of hibernation, the structure of gut microbial community changed. The dominant phylum shifted from Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as hibernation progressed. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing genera such as Acetobacteroides, Bacteroides, Macellibacteroides, and Cetobacterium increased in abundance during hibernation, likely providing an energy source for both the gut and host. Gut microbiota changes appeared to be driven largely by stochastic assembly processes. Additionally, anaerobic bacteria and potential pathogens increased in abundance during hibernation. These adaptive shifts in gut microbiota may help maintain host metabolic and immune functions during hibernation and potentially contribute to the invasiveness of P. canaliculata.},
}
@article {pmid40736075,
year = {2025},
author = {El-Sabrout, AM and Moreno, C and Temperville, M and Ferreira, EA and Ogereau, D and Hassani, IM and Raveloson Ravaomanarivo, LH and Bastide, H and Abou-Youssef, AY and Yassin, A},
title = {Divergence and Parallelism in Two Tropical Drosophilids Simultaneously Invading a Desert Environment.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40736075},
issn = {1759-6653},
support = {ANR-18-CE02-0008//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; ANR-19-CE34-0011//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Drosophilidae/genetics/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Desert Climate ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Egypt ; },
abstract = {Invasive species have once been called a "grand experiment in evolution" but natural replicates of such experiments are often scarce. When two allied species acquire invasive capacities and coinvade a new environment, it remains unclear if similar genetic basis underlies adaptation to the new environment and how the two species can coexist in that environment. Here, we investigate the parallel adaptation of two tropical drosophilid species of the genus Zaprionus, Zaprionus indianus (the African fig fly) and Zaprionus tuberculatus, to arid agrarian environments following their introduction in Egypt during the last four decades. We found the two species to have distinct spatial distribution. Population genomic analyses showed correlated differentiation levels at orthologous genes before and after introduction in both species, mostly in genes associated with thermal adaptations and circadian rhythms. Species-specific outliers contained on the other hand multiple chemoreceptor and xenobiotic detoxification genes indicating that adaptations to different host fruits may promote species coexistence. In agreement with these findings, we found the Egyptian populations to have parallel higher resistance to desiccation in both species and the two species to have distinct fruit preference. These results provide a significant step toward understanding the mechanisms underlying the simultaneous invasive success of both species, which have also recently invaded the Americas and Europe, and of which one at least is a notorious pest.},
}
@article {pmid40734832,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, FF and Hao, Q and Cui, X and Lin, RZ and Luo, BS and Ma, JS},
title = {Global invasive alien plant management lists: Assessing current practices and adapting to new demands.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {666-680},
pmid = {40734832},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Invasive alien species (IAS) significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Despite increasing management efforts, a critical knowledge gap existed in understanding commonalities and disparities among national strategies. We analyzed several IAS management lists from 23 countries and the European Union, focusing specifically on vascular plant species within these lists. List composition, characteristics, and associated management measures were analyzed. Key patterns in species prioritization across national lists and intercontinental exchange of invasive alien plants (IAPs) were identified. Pistia stratiotes, Pontederia crassipes, Salvinia molesta, Cabomba caroliniana, Ulex europaeus were identified as globally recognized threats, being listed by at least 33.3% of analyzed countries and invading five or more continents. Aquatic plants were found to be more frequently included in management lists. A significant directional invasion pattern between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres was identified. Species native to Asia were observed to dominate as significant donors of IAPs across continents. The analysis of list management strategies highlighted substantial gaps in achieving Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, particularly in species prioritization and inclusion of potential IAPs. In response to these challenges, a tiered classification system for invasive alien species list was proposed, encompassing High-Priority, Watchlist, Potential, and Priority Site categories, which aimed at enhancing management effectiveness by tailoring strategies to different invasion stages and ecological contexts. This study could contribute to understanding global IAPs management strategies and serve as a reference for policymakers and conservation managers to identify priority IAPs and refine management approaches.},
}
@article {pmid40733412,
year = {2025},
author = {Kato-Noguchi, H and Kato, M},
title = {The Invasive Mechanism and Impact of Arundo donax, One of the World's 100 Worst Invasive Alien Species.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {40733412},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Arundo donax L. has been introduced in markets worldwide due to its economic value. However, it is listed in the world's 100 worst alien invasive species because it easily escapes from cultivation, and forms dense monospecific stands in riparian areas, agricultural areas, and grassland areas along roadsides, including in protected areas. This species grows rapidly and produces large amounts of biomass due to its high photosynthetic ability. It spreads asexually through ramets, in addition to stem and rhizome fragments. Wildfires, flooding, and human activity promote its distribution and domination. It can adapt to various habitats and tolerate various adverse environmental conditions, such as cold temperatures, drought, flooding, and high salinity. A. donax exhibits defense mechanisms against biotic stressors, including herbivores and pathogens. It produces indole alkaloids, such as bufotenidine and gramine, as well as other alkaloids that are toxic to herbivorous mammals, insects, parasitic nematodes, and pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. A. donax accumulates high concentrations of phytoliths, which also protect against pathogen infection and herbivory. Only a few herbivores and pathogens have been reported to significantly damage A. donax growth and populations. Additionally, A. donax exhibits allelopathic activity against competing plant species, though the allelochemicals involved have yet to be identified. These characteristics may contribute to its infestation, survival, and population expansion in new habitats as an invasive plant species. Dense monospecific stands of A. donax alter ecosystem structures and functions. These stands impact abiotic processes in ecosystems by reducing water availability, and increasing the risk of erosion, flooding, and intense fires. The stands also negatively affect biotic processes by reducing plant diversity and richness, as well as the fitness of habitats for invertebrates and vertebrates. Eradicating A. donax from a habitat requires an ongoing, long-term integrated management approach based on an understanding of its invasive mechanisms. Human activity has also contributed to the spread of A. donax populations. There is an urgent need to address its invasive traits. This is the first review focusing on the invasive mechanisms of this plant in terms of adaptation to abiotic and biotic stressors, particularly physiological adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid40733364,
year = {2025},
author = {Onyeagoziri, CA and Minoarivelo, HO and Hui, C},
title = {Mutualism and Dispersal Heterogeneity Shape Stability, Biodiversity, and Structure of Theoretical Plant-Pollinator Meta-Networks.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {40733364},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {89967//National Research Foundation/ ; //PhD bursary of the Southern African Systems Analysis Centre (SASAC), with partial funding from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD - Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst)/ ; },
abstract = {Mutualistic interactions are crucial to the structure and functioning of ecological communities, playing a vital role in maintaining biodiversity amidst environmental perturbations. In studies of meta-networks, which are groups of local networks connected by dispersal, most research has focused on the effect of dispersal on interaction networks of competition and predation, without much attention given to mutualistic interactions. Consequently, the role of different dispersal rates (between local networks and across species) in stability and network structures is not well understood. We present a competition-mutualism model for meta-networks where mutualistic interactions follow a type II functional response, to investigate stability and species abundance dynamics under varying dispersal scenarios. We specifically assess the impact of mutualism and dispersal heterogeneity, both between local networks and across species, on the structure and stability of meta-networks. We find that mutualistic meta-networks exhibit greater stability, higher total abundance, lower species unevenness, and greater nestedness compared to meta-networks with only competition interactions. Although dispersal heterogeneity across species exerts some influence, dispersal heterogeneity between local networks mainly drives the patterns observed: it reduces total abundance, increases unevenness, and diminishes compositional similarity across the meta-network. These results highlight the pivotal role of both mutualism and spatial dispersal structure in shaping ecological networks. Our work advances understanding of how mutualistic interactions and dispersal dynamics interact to influence biodiversity and stability in complex ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40733254,
year = {2025},
author = {Judžentienė, A},
title = {Compositional Variability of Essential Oils and Their Bioactivity in Native and Invasive Erigeron Species.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {40733254},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Oils, Volatile/chemistry/pharmacology ; Humans ; Phytochemicals/chemistry/pharmacology ; Introduced Species ; Animals ; Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Apiaceae/chemistry ; },
abstract = {To date, various species of Erigeron genus have been used both in the ethnopharmacology of numerous nations across the world and in contemporary herbal practices. The objective of this study is to revise the phytochemical data on the essential oils (EOs) of various fleabanes species and to evaluate the variability of their biological activities. Up to June 2025, this review provides an updated overview of 105 literature sources (published during last 25 years) related to 14 Erigeron sp. (native, naturalized, or invasive) which have been investigated extensively and are of the greatest significance. It summarizes the compositional variability of the EOs and their pharmacological and toxic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiproliferative, skin regeneration, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, larvicidal, repellent, and allelopathic activity. The EOs of each Erigeron species were characterized, and a chemical structure of 43 major constituents is presented herein. The most characteristic and prevalent compounds were found to be limonene, δ-3-carene, matricaria ester, lachnophyllum ester, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, β-farnesene, α-bergamotene, allo-aromadendrene, etc., in the EOs from the E. acris, E. annuus, E. bonariensis, E. canadensis, E. floribundus E. mucronatus, and E. speciosus plants. Major constituents, such as borneol, bornyl acetate, modhephen-8-β-ol, cis-arteannuic alcohol, β-caryophyllene, and τ-cadinol, were found in the oils of E. graveolens (Inula graveolens). A paucity of data concerning E. incanus EOs was revealed, with the prevalence of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy cinammic acid and thymol acetate noted in the oils. The EOs from E. multiradiatus and E. sublyratus were comprised mainly of matricaria and lachnophyllum esters. The available data on EOs of E. ramosus is limited, but the main constituents are known to be α-humulene, 1,8-cineole, eugenol, and globulol. The EOs containing appreciable amounts of matricaria and lachnophyllum esters exhibited strong anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, larvicidal, and repellent activities. Repellence is also related to borneol, bornyl acetate, caryophyllene derivatives, τ-cadinol, modhephen-8-β-ol, and cis-arteannuic alcohol. Cytotoxicity was determined due to the presence of limonene, δ-3-carene, α- and β-farnesene, (E)-β-ocimene, ledene oxide, sesquiphellandrene, and dendrolasin in the fleabanes EOs. Skin regeneration and antifungal properties were related to germacrene D; and anti-inflammatory effects were determined due to high amounts of limonene (E)-β-ocimene, lachnophyllum ester, and germacrene D. The antimicrobial properties of the oils were conditioned by appreciable quantities of limonene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, carvacrol, thymol acetae, β-eudesmol, 2,6,7,7α-tetrahydro-1,5-dimethyl-1H-indene-3-carboxaldehyde, caryophyllene and its oxide, allo-aromadendrene, α-humulene, farnesene, carvacrol, and eugenol. This review provides a foundation for further studies on volatile secondary metabolites to explore the potential sources of new biologically active compounds in Erigeron sp.},
}
@article {pmid40731996,
year = {2025},
author = {Asimakis, E and Galiatsatos, I and Apostolopoulou, G and Savvidou, EC and Balatsos, G and Karras, V and Evangelou, V and Dionyssopoulou, E and Augustinos, A and Papadopoulos, NT and Michaelakis, A and Stathopoulou, P and Tsiamis, G},
title = {The Symbiotic Bacterial Profile of Laboratory-Reared and Field-Caught Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes from Greece.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40731996},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {&#xab;moSquITo&#xbb;: Innovative approaches for monitoring and management of the Asian tiger mosquito with emphasis on the Sterile Insect Technique (&#x3a4;&#x391;&#x395;&#x394;&#x39a;06173)//National Recovery and Resilience Plan, "Greece 2.0" &amp; EU Funding - Next Generation EU/ ; },
abstract = {The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive species capable of transmitting human pathogens. For population management, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is considered an effective and sustainable alternative to conventional methods, such as insecticides and reducing or eliminating breeding sites. The use of symbiotic bacteria to improve the application of SIT or design combined SIT/incompatible insect technique (IIT) approaches is currently considered. In this context, exploring the microbiota of local mosquito populations is crucial for identifying interesting components. This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing and microbiological methods to characterize the diversity of laboratory and wild Ae. albopictus in Greece. Differences were recorded between wild and lab-reared mosquitoes, with laboratory samples exhibiting higher diversity. Laboratory treatment, sex, and developmental stage also resulted in variations between communities. Populations reared in the same facility developed mostly similar bacterial profiles. Two geographically distant wild populations displayed similar bacterial profiles, characterized by seasonal changes in the relative abundance of Pantoea and Zymobacter. Wolbachia was dominant in most groups (63.7% relative abundance), especially in field-caught mosquitoes. It was identified with two strains, wAlbA (21.5%) and wAlbB (42.2%). Other frequent taxa included Elizabethkingia, Asaia, and Serratia. Blood feeding favored an increase in Serratia abundance. Various Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter strains were isolated from larval and adult mosquito extracts and could be further characterized as diet supplements. These findings suggest that the microbiota of local populations is highly variable due to multiple factors. However, they retain core elements shared across populations that may exhibit valuable nutritional or functional roles and could be exploited to improve SIT processes.},
}
@article {pmid40730245,
year = {2025},
author = {Córdova-Tapia, F and Martínez-Pozas, C and Juárez-Rodríguez, D and Rodríguez-Cortés, B and Rangel-Velasco, R and Gómez-Maldonado, S and Camacho-Cervantes, M},
title = {Functional traits and stable isotopes reveal trophic interactions in a highly invaded reservoir: implications for fisheries.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2051},
pages = {20250240},
pmid = {40730245},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Municipio de Tecozautla/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fisheries ; *Introduced Species ; *Food Chain ; Mexico ; *Tilapia/physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; },
abstract = {Freshwater reservoirs are increasingly threatened by human activities and biological invasions, which disrupt their structure and functioning. Although artificial, reservoirs act as species refuges and provide important ecosystem services. This study explores the functional diversity and trophic ecology of the fish community in Zimapán Dam, a highly disturbed reservoir in central Mexico. We focused on species coexistence, ecological niches and impacts on local tilapia fisheries. The community is dominated by nine invasive species and includes only one native species. We identified seven functional groups, most of which are composed of a single species, indicating niche differentiation. However, tilapia exhibits a complex trophic position, with significant dietary overlap with other non-natives, such as bluegill and juvenile largemouth bass, while also serving as potential prey for larger predators, including adult largemouth bass, lowland cichlid and channel catfish. These interactions may be contributing to the observed decline in tilapia, a species of key economic importance for local fisheries. Our study highlights trophic dynamics in a highly invaded ecosystem, potentially undermining local fisheries and the ecosystem services they support. We recommend a collaborative management approach that includes adaptive monitoring and targeted control of invasive predators to support both ecological balance and community livelihoods.},
}
@article {pmid40728099,
year = {2025},
author = {Colautti, RI and Antunes, PM},
title = {A critical reassessment of the novel weapons hypothesis and allelopathy as an adaptive strategy that facilitates plant invasion.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {2},
pages = {507-516},
pmid = {40728099},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {RGPIN-2023-04103//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2023-05811//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //Canada Research Chairs/ ; },
mesh = {*Allelopathy ; *Introduced Species ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; Biological Evolution ; *Plants ; *Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Plants have evolved an assortment of chemical adaptations that integrate environmental cues with developmental processes to regulate growth and reproduction. A subset of these phytochemicals may be considered allelopathic adaptations if they enhance fitness by suppressing competition for limiting resources. Despite compelling critiques by John Harper almost a half century ago, research on allelopathy nonetheless experienced a revival at the turn of the 21[st] century that gave rise to a 'novel weapons hypothesis' (NWH) to explain plant invasions. We briefly review the storied history of allelopathy and apply a systematic literature review to scrutinize the NWH from an eco-evolutionary perspective. Although it remains a highly influential metaphor, we find confused definitions and insufficient empirical evidence to support the NWH. Channeling Harper's original critiques, we propose that research on the NWH - and allelopathy more generally - would benefit from field experiments that causally link plant chemistry and competitive interactions to resource availability, fitness components, and population growth. We introduce a set of postulates to help address confusion over definitions and guide empirical tests of the causal processes linking plant chemistry to competitive outcomes, adaptive evolution, and the structure of plant communities.},
}
@article {pmid40728021,
year = {2025},
author = {Valliere, JM and Hernández, MJ and Sharifi, MR and Rundel, PW},
title = {Evidence of local adaptation to aridity but not nitrogen deposition in invasive annuals.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {7},
pages = {e70172},
pmid = {40728021},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {2017-67012-26114//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Postdoctoral Fellowship/ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen/metabolism/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Desert Climate ; Ecosystem ; California ; *Bromus/physiology ; *Centaurea/physiology ; },
abstract = {Rapid adaptation of traits and trait plasticity may contribute to plant invasiveness and confer fitness advantages in novel environments resulting from global change. The importance of trait differentiation in invasive plant populations is well recognized, particularly in response to climate. However, it is largely unknown how invasive plant populations will respond evolutionarily to atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition resulting from air pollution, which is a major contributor to invasion success in many ecosystems. Using a common garden experiment, a widely used method for testing local adaptation, we assessed potential differences in plant functional traits and nitrogen plasticity across populations of two widespread invasive annuals from sites spanning a range of N deposition and aridity throughout southern California. These species exhibited clear population-level differences in traits and N responses, but these were unrelated to N deposition. Instead, we detected significant relationships between several traits and aridity, and populations from more arid sites exhibited reduced N plasticity for multiple traits. Multivariate plasticity indices also showed a strong negative relationship with aridity across populations for both species. However, trait responses to N addition also appeared to be influenced by species' drought-coping strategies. In Bromus diandrus, a drought-escaping early-season annual grass, populations from less arid sites showed increased plasticity in shoot growth and more rapid flowering in response to N addition. In contrast, Centaurea melitensis, a drought-tolerant late-season forb, showed climate-driven shifts in biomass allocation in response to N; populations from more arid sites invested more in roots, while populations from less arid sites allocated more to leaves. These contrasting N responses strongly suggest distinct growth strategies and ecophysiological trade-offs shaped by adaptation to local climate conditions. While elevated N availability may indeed promote invasion, climate stress might exert an overriding influence on local adaptation of plant invaders in dryland ecosystems subject to N deposition.},
}
@article {pmid40727957,
year = {2025},
author = {McKnight, DT and Bower, DS and Ariel, E and Beatty, S and Clulow, S and Connell, M and Deppe, AR and Doody, S and Freeman, A and Georges, A and Hannabass, SL and Hollender, EC and Howell, H and Krochmal, A and Ligon, DB and Munscher, E and Nordberg, EJ and Roth, TC and Santoro, A and Schaffer, J and Simms, A and Spencer, RJ and Stone, P and Voves, KC and Walde, AD and Wassens, S and Welsh, MA and Whiterod, NS and Wirth, W and Van Dyke, JU},
title = {Does a lack of juveniles indicate a threat? Understanding body size distributions in a group of long-lived vertebrates.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {10},
pages = {1962-1982},
pmid = {40727957},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {//ARC Linkage/ ; //Arizona Game &amp; Fish Department/ ; //Commonwealth Environmental Water Office/ ; //Department of Florida Fish and Wildlife/ ; //Felburn Foundation/ ; //Florida Department of Environmental Protection/ ; //Jane Fenwick Foundation/ ; //Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks/ ; //National Science Foundation/ ; //New Mexico Department of Game and Fish/ ; //Office of Biological and Environmental Research/ ; //U.S. Department of Energy: Financial Assistant/ ; //Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation/ ; //Texas Parks and Wildlife Department/ ; //Turtle Survival Alliance/ ; //United States Forest Service/ ; //University of New England Faculty of Science/ ; //Agriculture, Business and Law and the Commonwealth Environmental Water Office/ ; //Tiverton Agricultural Impact Fund/ ; //Winton Wetlands/ ; //Wodonga Council/ ; //Greening Australia/ ; //North East Water/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Turtles/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Body Size ; Australia ; *Foxes/physiology ; United States ; Predatory Behavior ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Turtles are declining globally, and absences of juveniles during surveys are often interpreted as evidence of threats to early life stages. In Australia, for example, it is widely argued that a low number of juveniles is likely due to nest predation by introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). However, small sample sizes within populations, low detectability of juveniles and turtles' long lifespans often confound the conclusion that a paucity of juveniles indicates a declining population. Because turtles have long reproductive lifespans, we might intuitively expect most turtle populations to be heavily weighted towards large individuals, but a 'typical' or 'healthy' size distribution for turtle populations has not been well established. Therefore, we collated data on 41,021 freshwater turtles from 38 species and 428 populations located in parts of Australia both with and without introduced foxes, as well as populations in the United States of America, which naturally have raccoons (Procyon lotor), foxes and other nest predators. We examined population-level body size distributions to establish a baseline for 'typical' turtle populations and test whether populations that are exposed to introduced foxes have proportionately fewer juveniles compared to both AU populations that lack introduced foxes and USA populations that are naturally exposed to nest predators. We found that most turtle populations in AU and the United States were heavily skewed towards adults and had few juveniles, regardless of the presence of foxes or other nest predators. There were, however, clear differences among population survey methods: those that target shallow areas (e.g. crawfish traps) tended to capture proportionately more juveniles, and small sample sizes (∼<50) often produced inaccurate representations of size distributions. Additionally, we used a simulation to demonstrate that, given common turtle life history parameters, even stable populations should generally have low proportions of juveniles. Based on our results, we encourage caution when interpreting turtle size distributions. A small number of juveniles does not inherently suggest that a population is declining due to high egg and/or juvenile mortality, and researchers should pay careful attention to the biases in their methods and strive to capture a minimum of 50-100 turtles before drawing inferences.},
}
@article {pmid40725382,
year = {2025},
author = {Jowers, MJ and Guouman Ferreyra, F and Caut, S and Brito, JC and Vasconcelos, R},
title = {First Preliminary Molecular Assessment of Ants from Cabo Verde.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40725382},
issn = {2073-4425},
support = {no number//SCVZ Desertas Fund/ ; DL57/2016/ CP1440/CP1646/CT0003//'Norma Transit&#xf3;ria'/ ; EXPL/BIA-EVL/0470/2021//FCT through the BIGFIT project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/genetics/classification ; Phylogeny ; Introduced Species ; Haplotypes ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ants are one of the most abundant animal groups on the planet and have a considerable impact on ecosystems. In the Cabo Verde Archipelago, the study of invertebrates is very scarce and ants are no exception.<br><br>METHODS: In this work we focus on the taxonomic analysis of formicids and study their distribution and the possible presence of invasive species in the Cabo Verde Islands. In addition, the diversity of Cabo Verde ants is compared with that of the closest African coastal countries, Senegal and Mauritania, to study a possible colonization of African ants into the archipelago. For this, we use two molecular markers, cytochrome oxidase I and the wingless gene, to perform phylogenetic analyses and haplotype networks that facilitate identification.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine taxa were identified, five invasive species, Paratrechina longicornis, Pheidole megacephala, Trichomyrmex destructor, Brachyponera sennaarensis, and Solenopsis globularia, one endemic Monomorium subopacum and three unidentified species of native genera, Monomorium sp., Lepisiota sp. Camponotus sp.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Molecular network patterns as well as phylogenetic analyses suggest that ants are widespread throughout the archipelago, a likely consequence of human introductions.},
}
@article {pmid40725365,
year = {2025},
author = {Brown, JM and Stireman, JO},
title = {Effects of Forest Age and Invasive Shrubs on Mycophilous Coleoptera Communities in a Temperate Deciduous Woodland.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40725365},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Forests in the Eastern and Midwestern U.S. have been profoundly affected by human use over the last 150 years, with few old growth forests remaining. Such mature forests may harbor distinct communities and high biodiversity, particularly detritivores and their associated food webs. These communities, however, have been surveyed only rarely in comparisons of diversity and community composition between old and young forests. Here, we compare the mycophilous beetle communities of young and old deciduous forest stands in Southwestern Ohio (U.S.A.). We assess how the abundance and diversity of beetles associated with fungal sporocarps varies with forest age, downed woody debris, and invasive honeysuckle density. We surveyed fungus-associated beetles with baited traps at eight wooded parklands centered around Dayton, Ohio, conducting sampling three times over a growing season. In contrast to expectation, we found no clear effect of forest age on mycophilous beetle communities, but infestation by invasive honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) negatively affected beetle abundance and diversity. Beetle abundance, richness, and community composition also strongly varied across seasonal sampling periods. Our surveys of mycophilous beetles in a Midwestern U.S. forest represent an initial step toward understanding how these communities are shaped by forest age and invasive species. Such information is crucial in managing forests to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid40725345,
year = {2025},
author = {Baser, N and Matar, C and Rossini, L and Ibn Amor, A and Šunjka, D and Bošković, D and Gualano, S and Santoro, F},
title = {Enhancing Biological Control of Drosophila suzukii: Efficacy of Trichopria drosophilae Releases and Interactions with a Native Parasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40725345},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii is an injurious polyphagous pest threatening worldwide soft fruit production. Its high adaptability to new colonized environments, short life cycle, and wide host range are supporting its rapid spread. The most common techniques to reduce its significant economic damage are based on multiple insecticides applications per season, even prior to the harvest, which reduces agroecosystem biodiversity and affects human and animal health. Environmental concerns and regulatory restrictions on insecticide use are driving the need for studies on alternative biological control strategies. This study aimed to assess the effect of T. drosphilae in controlling D. suzukii infestations and its interaction with P. vindemiae, a secondary parasitoid naturally present in Apulia (South Italy). Field experiments were carried out in organic cherry orchards in Gioia del Colle (Bari, Italy) to test the efficacy and adaptability of T. drosphilae following weekly releases of artificially reared individuals. Additionally, the interaction between P. vindemiae and T. drosphilae was studied under laboratory conditions. Results from field experiments showed that D. suzukii populations were significantly lower when both parasitoids were present. However, T. drosophilae was less prone to adaptation, so its presence and parasitism were limited to the post-release period. Laboratory experiments, instead, confirmed the high reduction of D. suzukii populations when both parasitoids are present. However, the co-existence of the two parasitoids resulted in a reduced parasitism rate and offspring production, notably for T. drosophilae. This competitive disadvantage may explain its poor establishment in field conditions. These findings suggest that the field release of the two natural enemies should be carried out with reference to their natural population abundance to not generate competition effects.},
}
@article {pmid40725319,
year = {2025},
author = {Devine, SM and Booth, EG and Cooperband, MF and Franzen, EKL and Lewis, PA and Murman, KM and Francese, JA},
title = {A "Sconce" Trap for Sampling Egg Masses of Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40725319},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {AP23PPQS&amp;T00C164//USDA APHIS PPQ/ ; AP24PPQS&amp;T00C125//USDA APHIS PPQ/ ; N/A//USDA APHIS PPQ SLF Program/ ; },
abstract = {Survey and detection of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), rely either on traps that exploit the insect's behavior as it navigates its environment, or on visual surveys of either its mobile life stages or egg masses. A recently described egg mass trap, coined the "lampshade" trap, can assist with early detection in newly infested areas, provide egg masses for researchers, and potentially facilitate spotted lanternfly population reduction by removal of egg masses from the environment. Here, we describe a modified lampshade trap, the sconce trap, that uses less material, can be pre-cut prior to deployment, and can be deployed by one person, representing potential cost, labor, and time savings. Both traps were comparable at detecting populations of spotted lanternflies, and while females deposited more eggs on the larger lampshade traps, they deposited more eggs on sconce traps as a function of trap area.},
}
@article {pmid40725308,
year = {2025},
author = {Folgarait, PJ and Goffré, D},
title = {First Test of a Potential Biological Control Agent of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40725308},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {PPROF 1315/23//National University of Quilmes, Argentina/ ; },
abstract = {The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), listed among the world's 100 worst invasive alien species, is notoriously difficult to control due mainly to its formation of large, expansive supercolonies. Despite the drawbacks of chemical control, biological alternatives have not been previously explored for this species. In this study, we evaluated six native entomopathogenic fungal strains against Argentine ants from four behaviorally distinct supercolonies, identified through aggression assays and collected from both urban and natural sites within the species' native range. Ants were inoculated with 1 × 10[8] conidia/mL using three methods: topical application, spray, and immersion. Mortality was recorded over 14 days, and the cause of death was confirmed by fungal outgrowth from cadavers. Among all strains, Beauveria bassiana Li053 consistently induced high mortality across all supercolonies and inoculation methods, with LT50 values between 2 and 5 days and final mortality rates exceeding 80%. Fungal infection was confirmed in 87-92% of cadavers. Dose-response assays revealed that higher conidial concentrations accelerated and increased mortality, with an LC50 estimated at 1 × 10[6] conidia/mL. These results demonstrate that B. bassiana Li053 is a promising candidate for the biological control of L. humile and merits further evaluation under field conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40724809,
year = {2025},
author = {Fu, Y and Chen, Y and Wang, Y and Fu, X and Jin, S and Yi, C and Bai, X and Lu, Y and Miao, W and Geng, X and Lu, X and Yan, R and Zhou, Z and Cao, F},
title = {The Discovery of Potential Repellent Compounds for Zeugodacus cucuribitae (Coquillett) from Six Non-Favored Hosts.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {40724809},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2022YFC2601405//Regional Collaborative Prevention and Control of Major Invasive Species: Technical System Design and Eco-Economic Evaluation/ ; },
mesh = {*Insect Repellents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Animals ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; },
abstract = {Zeugodacus cucuribitae (Coquillett) (Z. cucuribitae) is a global extremely invasive quarantine pest which has a wide host range of fruits and vegetables. At present, there are a few control measures for Z. cucuribitae, and deltamethrin and avermectin are commonly used. Among the hosts of Z. cucuribitae, Luffa acutangular, Luffa cylindrica, Sechium edule, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Musa nana, and Fragaria × ananassa are non-favored hosts. However, it is still not clear why these hosts are non-favored and whether there are any repellent components of Z. cucuribitae in these hosts. In this study, the components of these six hosts were collected from the literature, and the genes of odor and chemical sensation were determined from the genome of Z. cucuribitae. After the potential relationships between these components and genes were determined by molecular docking methods, the KEGG and GO enrichment analysis of these genes was conducted, and a complex network of genes vs. components vs. Kegg pathway vs. GO terms was constructed and used to select the key components for experiments. The results show that oleanolic acid (1 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, and 0.01 mg/mL), rotenone (1 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, and 0.01 mg/mL), and beta-caryophyllene oxide (1 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, and 0.01 mg/mL) had a significant repellent effect on Z. cucuribitae, and three components, rotenone (1 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL), echinocystic acid (1 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, and 0.01 mg/mL), and beta-caryophyllene oxide (1 mg/mL, and 0.1 mg/mL) had significant stomach toxicity in Z. cucuribitae. Furthermore, a complex signaling pathway was built and used to predict the effect of these components on Z. cucuribitae. These components probably play roles in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction (ko04080) and calcium signaling (ko04020) pathways. This study provides a reference for the prevention and control of Z. cucuribitae and a scientific reference for the rapid screening and development of new pest control drugs.},
}
@article {pmid40724342,
year = {2025},
author = {Vidosavljević, M and Šojić, B and Peulić, T and Ikonić, P and Lazarević, J and Rakita, S and Vasić, MV and Tomičić, Z and Čabarkapa, I},
title = {From Invasive Species to Sustainable Nutrition: Safety, Nutritional, and Consumer Perception Study on Faxonius limosus in Serbia.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {40724342},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {7417//Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia/ ; },
abstract = {Faxonius limosus is an invasive alien crayfish species that has a negative effect on aquatic biodiversity. Using its meat as food could help reduce its ecological impact while providing a protein source. In order to do that, the initial step was to determine safety and nutritional parameters of crayfish meat. Samples from two localities were analyzed for energy value, moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and macro- and micro-mineral content. Moreover, an online survey was conducted in order to evaluate the public's current knowledge about invasive alien species and willingness to consume crayfish meat as a food product. Heavy metal concentrations (Hg, Pb, Cd) were below European Commission limits, confirming safety. The meat had a high protein content (16.68%), low fat (0.22%), and a favorable fatty acid profile with notable levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Predominant macro-minerals were K, Na, Ca, Mg, and P, while Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn were the most abundant micro-minerals. Even though most participants (79.7%) were not informed about Faxonius limosus, the majority expressed willingness to participate in the assessment of new products made from invasive crayfish. These findings suggest that F. limosus meat is a nutritionally valuable and safe alternative protein source, with potential for sustainable food production and ecological management.},
}
@article {pmid40723593,
year = {2025},
author = {Meng, YH and Gao, WZ and Li, Y and Shi, L},
title = {Effects of Habitat Differences and Invasive Species Competition on Age and Growth of Triplophysa strauchii.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {40723593},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2022xjkk1200//the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program/ ; S202410758034//the College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {Accurate age determination is fundamental for investigating fish population dynamics and growth patterns. This study used the lapillus to determine age in Triplophysa strauchii populations from an oxbow lake and a stream. Growth patterns were evaluated using three models (the Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic models). The oxbow lake population showed faster growth and longer lifespan (6 years in Dacao Lake; 5 years in Liutiao Stream). Conversely, the stream population displayed a trend toward smaller size and younger age. Both populations exhibited higher Fulton's condition factor in juveniles than in adults. The species exhibited a fast-growth type, with similar fitting results across models. These findings reflect subtle differentiation in life history strategies across habitats, likely related to environmental conditions and competitive pressure from invasive species. These insights into T. strauchii life history underscore the importance of further research to support conservation and sustainable management of this endemic species.},
}
@article {pmid40723387,
year = {2025},
author = {Engel, IF and Izhaki, I and Charter, M},
title = {Effects of the Invasive Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) on Nest Site Competition and Predation in Native Birds: A Before-After-Control-Impact Study.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40723387},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Despite concerns about invasive Common Mynas (Acridotheres tristis), few studies have experimentally demonstrated their impact on native birds. Using a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design with 142 nest boxes, we assessed how Myna presence affected House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) and Great Tits (Parus major) before (2009-2010) and after (2020-2021) their arrival in 2015. Half the boxes had large entrances accessible to all three species; half had small entrances accessible only to Great Tits. In a 2022 field experiment, we manipulated nest box entrances and used cameras to study Myna predation and nest usurpation. Following the establishment of Myna, House Sparrow breeding declined by 68.1%. Great Tits increased use of small entrance boxes by 59.9% and decreased use of large entrance boxes by 45.4%. Although overall Great Tit breeding increased, fledging success declined in large entrance boxes, but not small entrance ones. In the 2022 experiment, 46% (n = 26) of Great Tit nests were predated; Common Mynas were responsible for 50% of these cases and subsequently bred in the usurped nests. This study experimentally demonstrates that House Sparrow breeding numbers decrease and that Great Tits change their nesting behavior after the appearance of the Common Myna. Additionally, this research found that Common Mynas impact native species by predating and usurping nests. Installing small-entrance boxes can help manage Great Tit populations. Further research should explore nest box designs for House Sparrows and their impacts on other cavity-nesting and non-cavity-nesting bird species.},
}
@article {pmid40721840,
year = {2025},
author = {He, P and Hu, Y and Khan, J and Huang, Y and Yuan, Z and Sanogo, B and Gao, D and Liu, J and Wu, D and Chen, J and Wu, Z and Liang, S and Sun, X and Lin, D},
title = {The morphology, genetic structure, and haplotype distribution of the invasive freshwater snails Biomphalaria straminea and Physa acuta in Guangdong, China.},
journal = {Tropical medicine and health},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {98},
pmid = {40721840},
issn = {1348-8945},
support = {No. XZ202401ZR0017//the Tibet Natural Science Foundation/ ; No. 2023-JC-YB-792//the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province/ ; Nos. 82202560//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82161160343//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82272361//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. 2021B1212040017//the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province/ ; Nos. 2024YFC2309700//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2020YFC1200100//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2016YFC1200500//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; No. B12003//the 111 Project/ ; No. 2022B1111030002//the Key R&amp;D Program of Guangdong Province/ ; No. 2024A04J4314//the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Biomphalaria and Physa (order Gastropoda) serve as vectors and reservoirs for infectious agents that affect both humans and animals. This study provides updated insights into the epidemiology, morphology, phylogeny, and haplotype diversity of Biomphalaria and Physa snails in Guangdong Province, southern China.<br><br>METHODS: Field surveys were conducted across Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2023. Morphological observations included assessment of snail shape, shell height, and aperture width. Molecular analysis targeted several genes, including Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and 28S rRNA. Evolutionary trees were constructed with neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods. Haplotype networks were generated from COI sequences collected from multiple geographic locations.<br><br>RESULTS: Physa acuta was detected in 92% of surveyed sites, showing broad distribution and notable mitochondrial diversity (15 haplotypes). The dominant haplotype (Hap_3) was shared with sequences from Chile and the Netherlands. In contrast, Biomphalaria straminea was found at 62% of sites and displayed limited genetic variation (2 haplotypes), despite visible morphological dimorphism (red/black forms). Phylogenetic analysis exhibited minimal differences in 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences among turret snail strains, with B. straminea clustering closely to South American lineages. Morphometric analyses revealed significant size differences among strains, for example, Shuanglong B. straminea had a shell width of 8.74&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.26&#xa0;mm, whereas Zengcheng P. acuta exhibited 11.07&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.90&#xa0;mm. In contrast, analysis of 28S and 18S rRNA confirmed species boundaries but lacked at the intraspecific level.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of multiple target genes confirms that mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S rRNA) are effective for studying the evolutionary dynamics of freshwater invasive snails. Physa acuta exhibits a widespread distribution and notable genetic diversity across Guangdong, while B. straminea shows limited genetic variation, suggesting strong genetic conservation within the species.},
}
@article {pmid40716479,
year = {2025},
author = {Kofentová, N and Slavík, O and Velíšek, J and Lepič, P and Randák, T and Horký, P},
title = {Boldness associated with higher erythrocyte levels and a preference for higher temperatures can support the spread of European catfish to novel and warmer ecosystems.},
journal = {Physiology &amp; behavior},
volume = {300},
number = {},
pages = {115036},
doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115036},
pmid = {40716479},
issn = {1873-507X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Catfishes/physiology ; *Exploratory Behavior ; Temperature ; Behavior, Animal ; Erythrocytes/cytology ; Maze Learning ; Social Behavior ; },
abstract = {Coping styles are the consistent physiological and behavioural responses of animals to stressors and, more generally, to variability in social and natural environments. Individuals can be characterized as proactive or reactive on the basis of their coping style, and their behavioural and physiological characteristics differ. Proactive, i.e., more bold, exploratory and stress-resistant individuals, spread more easily and prefer higher temperatures; however, available data regarding this natural stressor are available only from laboratory experiments. Indeed, data regarding the characteristics of invasive species in the wild are rare. In this study, we analysed the relationships among the boldness, exploratory behaviour, activity, physiological parameters, and temperature preferences of the European catfish, a large invasive species that destabilizes ecosystems outside its native environment. As expected, bold individuals presented greater erythrocyte counts, lower baseline cortisol levels, and increased exploratory behaviour. In a riverine environment, bold fish preferred warmer zones, reflecting their heightened metabolic demands and increased activity levels. Boldness, the number of erythrocytes and a preference for higher temperatures were key traits in both the field and experimental environments. However, the relationships among the parameters differed, suggesting behavioural adaptability to varying environmental conditions. In our study, the observed physiological and behavioural traits tended to increase the invasive potential of European catfish in warmer regions.},
}
@article {pmid40716127,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Liu, Z and Chen, N and Meng, X and Liang, C},
title = {Enhancement of drought stress tolerance in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) through the application of carbon nanoparticles.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {228},
number = {},
pages = {110234},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110234},
pmid = {40716127},
issn = {1873-2690},
mesh = {*Abelmoschus/physiology/metabolism/drug effects ; *Carbon/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Germination/drug effects ; *Droughts ; Seedlings/drug effects/metabolism ; Photosynthesis/drug effects ; Seeds/drug effects ; *Stress, Physiological/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; },
abstract = {This study aims to investigate the impact of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) on seed germination, seedling growth, nutrient uptake, and the physio-biochemical characteristics of seedlings under water-limited conditions, along with the regulation of gene expression. Okra seeds were treated with CNPs at concentrations of 0, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L, with germination tests conducted using drought conditions simulated through PEG-6000 solutions. A pot experiment was designed to assess plant growth, nutrient uptake, physio-biochemical properties, and transcriptomic changes. Four specific CNP concentrations (0 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) and three watering intervals (every 3 days, 6 days, and 8 days) were employed. The results demonstrate that CNPs application significantly enhanced the germination characteristics of okra seeds under water deficit stress, leading to improved root development, nutrient (N/P/K) uptake, and various photosynthetic traits, including chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate. Additionally, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), along with the accumulation of glycine betaine, total phenols, total flavonoids, and total soluble sugar, were notably higher in CNP-treated seedlings compared to those without CNPs across different water-limited scenarios. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential expression of genes, particularly those related to starch and sucrose metabolism. These findings underscore the beneficial role of CNPs in enhancing seed germination and seedling growth of okra under drought stress, while also providing valuable insights into the optimal application levels of CNPs to boost agricultural productivity.},
}
@article {pmid40717710,
year = {2025},
author = {Haubrock, PJ and Parker, B and Błońska, D and Briski, E and Everts, T and Fernandez, RD and Kouba, A and Kourantidou, M and Kurtul, I and Mammola, S and Musolin, DL and Nuñez, MA and Olden, JD and Rasmussen, JJ and Renault, D and Russell, JC and Sousa, R and Tarkan, AS and Britton, JR},
title = {Conceptual and ethical considerations in invasion science.},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {75},
number = {4},
pages = {317-330},
pmid = {40717710},
issn = {0006-3568},
abstract = {Invasion science addresses interconnected ecological, economic, and social challenges posed by the introduction of nonnative species. Therefore, invasion scientists have to consider and reconcile interdisciplinary needs while addressing the potential implications of their findings. Navigating diverse disciplines, including environmental sciences, ecology, economics, and the humanities, invasion scientists seek to arrive at informed decisions on invasion risk, impact, and management. Individual biases, uncertainties, and systemic pressures influence the ability to maintain objectivity and resist pressures that might otherwise distort their findings or applications. In the present commentary, we examine conceptual and ethical dilemmas within the field of invasion science, particularly reputational and the risks of the discipline perpetuating its own relevance by framing invasions as insurmountable challenges. In the discussion, we highlight how incentive structures, biased assessments and framing, and conflicts of interest may compromise the discipline's integrity. We also explore questions surrounding human responsibility to animal welfare and highlight ethical conundrums in the management of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40714471,
year = {2025},
author = {Yan, D and Wang, S and Song, P and Zhang, Y and Huang, Y and Wang, Y and Zhu, W and Wu, L},
title = {Research hotspots and trends in Spartina alterniflora studies (1970-2023): A bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {221},
number = {},
pages = {118483},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118483},
pmid = {40714471},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Bibliometrics ; Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; *Poaceae ; Ecosystem ; China ; },
abstract = {Spartina alterniflora is native to the Atlantic coast of the United States but has gained attention globally as an invasive species. To improve understanding of S. alterniflora and identify future research priorities, this study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and quantitative trend analysis of 4551 publications from 1970 to 2023, using ScientoPy and VOSviewer. Results indicated a steady increase in publications on S. alterniflora. Term co-occurrence visualization analysis revealed that research has evolved through stages: from examining the species' physiological and ecological characteristics, to exploring its invasion mechanisms and impacts, and finally to developing control technologies and assessing its responses to global climate change. Quantitative trend analysis showed that China and the United States are at the forefront of S. alterniflora research. Keywords such as "Blue carbon," "Plant invasion," "Climate change," and "Remote sensing" exhibited high trend factors and normalized frequency change values, suggesting that future research will focus on S. alterniflora's role in blue carbon sequestration, salt marsh restoration, and climate response mechanisms. Notably, S. alterniflora's invasion has displaced native blue carbon ecosystems, which typically offer greater long-term carbon sequestration and lower greenhouse gas emissions. This shift has diminished regional net carbon sink function and increased the net greenhouse effect. Although S. alterniflora represents a considerable carbon stock, it also poses substantial ecological risks. Therefore, comprehensive ecological risk assessments and scientifically informed management strategies are essential to optimize environmental benefits while minimizing negative ecological impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40713305,
year = {2025},
author = {South, J and Sabini, L and Pattison, Z and Cuff, JP},
title = {Aquatic biological invasions exacerbate nutritional and health inequities.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {8},
pages = {718-721},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.007},
pmid = {40713305},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aquaculture ; *Introduced Species ; *Fishes/physiology ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Fish are a critical source of accessible nutrition. However, when non-native species introduced through aquaculture establish in the wild, they inevitably alter the structure of ecological networks. This could have unprecedented outcomes for nutrient and toxin accumulation when aquatic food is consumed by humans, with socioeconomically variable impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40711505,
year = {2025},
author = {Sheidai, M and Alaeifar, M and Koohdar, F and Tabaripour, R},
title = {Gene-ecological studies of critically isolated fern Pteris dentata Forssk.: genetic diversity, environmental adaptation, and future distribution modeling (SDM).},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {755},
pmid = {40711505},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {*Genetic Variation/genetics ; Iran ; Ecosystem ; *Pteris/genetics ; Climate Change ; Genetics, Population/methods ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Ferns/genetics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the ecological and genetic characteristics of narrowly distributed species like Pteris dentata is crucial for effective conservation planning. P. dentata, a narrowly distributed fern species that prefers moist, shaded environments, is threatened by habitat degradation associated with urban expansion, climate change, and invasive species-highlighting the urgent need for its conservation.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: This study investigated genetic diversity, landscape genetics, adaptive potential, and the landscape adaptive index in two northern Iranian populations of P. dentata. Despite overall low genetic diversity, the populations exhibited significant differentiation in genetic composition and morpho-anatomical traits, primarily shaped by spatial factors. Patterns of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE) were both detected. Variation in adaptive potential and the landscape adaptive index indicated population-specific responses to environmental and climatic stressors. Advanced modeling techniques, including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Random Forest (RF), revealed complex relationships among environmental, climatic, edaphic, and genetic variables influencing adaptation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Species distribution modeling predicts a substantial decline in suitable habitat for P. dentata in Iran by 2050, driven by climate change-emphasizing the need for proactive conservation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40709517,
year = {2025},
author = {Parks, BC and Mollett, A and Gangloff, EJ and Litmer, AR},
title = {The effects of meal size and feeding frequency on digestion in common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis).},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {228},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.250509},
pmid = {40709517},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {2217826//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/physiology ; *Digestion ; *Feeding Behavior ; Energy Metabolism ; Temperature ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Female ; Feces/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Understanding the interplay between feeding, energetics and temperature in ectotherms is essential, particularly regarding introduced species and responses to climate change. Despite its importance, how feeding regimes - including meal timing and size - affect digestion has been underexplored. Previous research suggests that digestion is thermally dependent, with warm temperatures promoting quick digestion, and that consuming smaller meals results in slower digestion. However, empirical evidence is limited. Our study quantified digestive passage time, energy budgets, and fecal and urate production in the introduced common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) relative to meal size and timing under a naturalistic temperature cycle (warm days at 34°C and cool nights at 25°C). We implemented four treatment groups based on meal size (large or small) and timing (morning only or morning and afternoon). While lizards consuming less food took significantly longer to completely pass food items, energy budgets and fecal and urate production did not differ among treatments. Our findings suggest that feeding regime may have some influence on digestive processes, but not to the extent of regulating energetics in the common wall lizard. Consistent energy budgets, despite variable meal sizes and timing of food consumption in relation to temperature, may contribute to wall lizard invasion success. Digestive processes play a critical role in regulating population persistence and expansion. The results of this study highlight the importance of quantifying feeding regimes and natural temperature cycles, with implications for invasion biology and predicting responses to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40709484,
year = {2025},
author = {O'Connor, M and Lancaster, LT},
title = {Guild diversity impacts demographic outcomes of novel species interactions following range shifts.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {10},
pages = {2062-2078},
pmid = {40709484},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {NE/S007377/1//UKRI/NERC QUADRAT Training/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Odonata/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Scotland ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Temperature ; Climate Change ; Competitive Behavior ; *Animal Distribution ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Novel competitive interactions between native and range shifting species can precipitate local extinction of native species. However, increased biological complexity within recipient communities may prevent native species loss by decreasing the strength of novel competition experienced by any one species. This phenomenon, termed 'biotic resistance', is commonly applied in invasion ecology, but has received little attention in the context of climate induced range shifts. Here we investigate the effects of biotic resistance in competition between resident native and range-shifting damselflies in a region of Scotland newly colonised by the range-shifter, using competitive mesocosm treatments across multiple life stages and experimental temperatures. Our focal native species (Lestes sponsa) was unaffected by increasing competitive complexity as larvae, showing no fitness benefits in multispecies treatments compared to intraspecific or even interspecific scenarios in the presence of the range shifter. However, multispecies competition with both native and range-shifting species improved adult survival of our focal native species at higher temperatures, compared to interspecific competition with just the range shifter. For our focal range-shifting species (Ischnura elegans), larval growth rate was significantly reduced in multispecies treatments compared to intraspecific or two-species interspecific scenarios, yet adult range shifter survival showed no decrease in multispecies treatments. Furthermore, range shifter larvae displayed improved survival and growth in colder temperatures, compared to a lack of any temperature effects on adult survival. These results suggest that biotic resistance may alleviate the competitive impacts of range shifters on native communities by providing a life stage-dependent benefit to native species while simultaneously decreasing the fitness of range shifters. However, shifting temperatures can cause this interaction to swap between competition and facilitation, creating an environmentally dependent scenario that may benefit both range shifters and resident species, promoting the maintenance of diversity in high latitude communities.},
}
@article {pmid40708791,
year = {2025},
author = {Borges, PAV and Morgado, LN and Gabriel, R and Elias, RB and Gauche, M and Ah-Peng, C and Otto, R and de Nascimento, L and Strasberg, D and Guerrero-Ramírez, N and Kreft, H and Fernández-Palacios, JM},
title = {Integrating plot-based methods for monitoring biodiversity in island habitats under the scope of BIODIVERSA + project BioMonI: Tree monitoring in Terceira, Tenerife and Réunion Islands.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e158423},
pmid = {40708791},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Oceanic islands are globally recognised for their exceptional levels of biodiversity and endemism, often resulting from unique evolutionary processes in isolated environments. However, this biodiversity is also disproportionately threatened by anthropogenic pressures including habitat loss, invasive species and climate change. Targeted, long-term biodiversity monitoring is essential for detecting changes in these vulnerable ecosystems and providing information for conservation strategies.The EU BIODIVERSA + project BioMonI aims at building a global long-term monitoring network specifically tailored to the pressing needs of biodiversity conservation and monitoring on islands. In BioMonI, we use a novel approach that considers mapping previous and current monitoring schemes on islands, developing a harmonised monitoring scheme for island biodiversity and mobilising existing monitoring data. We are assembling data from BioMonI-Plot, a long-term vegetation plot network to understand biodiversity and ecosystem change. It will use baseline data from three focal archipelagos (Azores, Canary Islands and Mascarenes), but we aim to mobilise data from archipelagos worldwide.Plot-based data are a cornerstone of effective biodiversity monitoring on islands. These standardised data collections within permanent plots allow for consistent, replicable observations across temporal and spatial scales. Initiatives like the Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) highlight the value of permanent plots in capturing ecological gradients and anthropogenic disturbance patterns. Such data underpin the detection of subtle shifts in community composition, functional diversity and species distributions, which are critical for assessing the effectiveness of conservation actions and predicting future ecological scenarios.In summary, plot-based data are indispensable for targeted and effective biodiversity monitoring on islands. They provide the empirical backbone necessary to provide information for adaptive management strategies and contribute to global biodiversity targets.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: The BioMonI-Plot baseline data consist of 10 plots in each of the following islands: Terceira (Azores), Tenerife (Canaries) and R&#xe9;union Island (Mascarenes). As a first step, we describe the diversity and abundance of all woody species shoots with a diameter at breast height (DBH) &#x2265; 1 cm in each of the 10 plots of each Island. The majority of taxa belonged to the phylum Magnoliophyta, which accounted for 96.66% of the total species and subspecies, followed by Pteridophyta (2.22%) and Pinophyta (1.11%). R&#xe9;union Island exhibited the highest species richness, with 66 identified taxa, followed by Tenerife (16 taxa) and Terceira (11 taxa). Only one species, Morellafaya, was shared between the islands, occurring in both Terceira and Tenerife. Most of the recorded species were classified as endemic according to their colonisation status. Specifically, 32 species were endemic to the Mascarene Islands, 22 to R&#xe9;union, nine to the Azores, eleven to Macaronesia and four to the Canary Islands.The data presented in this Data Paper provide a valuable proxy for evaluating the ecological integrity and overall habitat quality of native montane forests across three oceanic archipelagos: the Azores, Canary Islands and Mascarene Islands. By focusing on tree species as primary ecological indicators, the dataset offers insights into essential structural and compositional attributes of these ecosystems, including species richness, relative abundance and patterns of dominance.The comprehensive species-level information contained in this dataset allows for comparisons of forest composition across islands and biogeographic regions, contributing to our understanding of insular forest dynamics, endemism patterns and conservation priorities in tropical and subtropical montane environments.},
}
@article {pmid40708789,
year = {2025},
author = {Pizarro-Borrull, M and Font, E and Marbà, N and Anton, A},
title = {Prominent Grazing Rates and Feeding Preferences of an Abundant Exotic Benthic Herbivore in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e71686},
pmid = {40708789},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Exotic herbivores can exert profound impacts on terrestrial communities, but their ecological effects on marine habitats are not sufficiently quantified. The exotic crab Percnon gibbesi, which is rapidly spreading throughout the Mediterranean Sea, grazes almost exclusively on benthic macrophytes, providing an opportunity to study the potential impacts of herbivores in the marine realm. Here, we first quantified the abundance of P. gibbesi in Mallorca (Balearic Islands; Spain) in 2023/2024 and reported average densities of 61 individuals 100 m[-2], approximately 30 times greater than those recorded in 2003 on the islands. We then performed a feeding preference experiment using common native and invasive species of macroalgae (Caulerpa cylindracea, Halimeda incrassata, Haliptilon virgatum, Halopteris scoparia, Padina pavonica, and Ulva compressa) from the Mediterranean Sea. The per capita grazing rates of P. gibbesi (3.83 ± 1.71 WW g crab[-1] day[-1]), which can ingest almost 75% of their body weight daily, were higher than those recorded for most native herbivorous species in the Mediterranean. The estimated daily grazing rates for P. gibbesi average 23.59 ± 15.17 kg WW macroalgae ha[-1] day[-1], value that corresponds with 0.1% to 10.9% (average 5.5%) of the total macroalgae production in this area. Our experiment revealed clear preferences of P. gibbesi for three species of macroalgae, which were not explained by the nutritional content. Overall, our results generate great concern and, coupled with the large extent of the invasion, indicate that the ecological impacts of this exotic herbivore on Mediterranean marine communities could be substantial, and have, until now, gone largely unreported.},
}
@article {pmid40708023,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, M and Sui, C and Zhao, W and Fan, C and Zhang, Y and Qiu, Z and Wang, Y and Zhang, Q and Liu, Y},
title = {Dynamic response of gut microbiota mediates the adaptation of Cipangopaludina chinensis to Pomacea canaliculata invasion.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {171},
pmid = {40708023},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {2023-MSLH-007//General Research Project of Liaoning Province/ ; LJKMZ20221107//Basic scientific research project of Educational Department of Liaoning province/ ; CARS-49//the earmarked found for China Agriculture Research System/ ; 2019RD12//the Overseas Training Program for Innovation Team, the Basic Scientific Research Project of Educational Department of Liaoning Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Animals ; Introduced Species ; *Snails/microbiology/physiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As an invasive species, Pomacea canaliculata exerts significant adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. It can infect native freshwater snails, such as Cipangopaludina chinensis, by secreting pathogens, leading to increased stress and mortality. Gut microbiota play a crucial role in the survival and adaptation of gastropods, significantly influencing their health and resistance to environmental stressors. By comparing the gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles between resistant (RE) and sensitive (SE) populations of C. chinensis, this study aims to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota in enhancing the survival of C. chinensis under the invasion pressure from P. canaliculata. And the mechanisms were further explored through gut microbiota transplantation, horizontal and vertical transmission experiments, and field studies. Video Abstract RESULTS: Our findings reveal that RE individuals exhibit greater gut microbiota diversity and a higher abundance of core microbiota, including Psychrobacter, Comamonas, and Pseudomonas, which are correlated with enhanced host survival in the presence of pathogen infections. Analysis of metabolite composition demonstrate that antibiotics and immunological enhancers are the main metabolites, which significantly enhance the host's resistance to pathogen infections. Notably, these core gut microbiota can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically, allowing C. chinensis populations to acquire resistance to the invasion of P. canaliculata. The SE group is enriched in pathogens, such as Mycoplasma. Following the transplantation of RE gut microbiota, SE individuals exhibited improved survival rates and core microbiota abundance. The vital role of core microbiota in maintaining the survival rate of C. chinensis was further confirmed in the field studies.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study highlights the crucial interactions between the gut microbiota and the host's adaptability, offering valuable insights for native species in response of invasive species pressure.},
}
@article {pmid40707541,
year = {2025},
author = {Chiuya, T and Fèvre, EM and Lutomiah, J and Mutisya, J and Mulwa, F and Chelangat, B and Muhoro, S and Olubowa, R and Junglen, S and Borgemeister, C},
title = {Invasive alien plant litter influences larval density, size and survival of Culex spp.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {26978},
pmid = {40707541},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Culex/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Kenya ; Prosopis ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien plant (IAP) litter can alter the organic and inorganic content of mosquito breeding sites, influencing their life history traits. In Baringo County, Kenya, there is massive encroachment of Prosopis juliflora and Parthenium hysterophorus into crop and grazing lands. To mimic natural shedding, we set up experimental water containers in the field containing dried plant litter of either Parthenium, Prosopis or Lantana camara, which are invasive and Acacia tortilis which is native to the area. We measured water physicochemical parameters and counted mosquito larvae periodically for 6 weeks. After rearing, we determined survival rates and size of the emergent adults. All the plant treatments had significantly more larvae than the water-only control. Prosopis had the highest number of larvae which was significantly different from Acacia. Water conductivity, total dissolved solids and salinity were highest in Prosopis and Parthenium litter. For both Culex pipiens and Culex vansomereni, adults emerging from Prosopis and Parthenium litter were significantly larger in size compared to those from the other plants. Generally, for the two species, adults from IAPs survived longer than those from Acacia. Our study demonstrates the impact of IAPs on the life history traits of mosquitoes and how they can enhance their vectorial capacity. Mitigating the spread of these plants may reduce mosquito populations and risk of mosquito-borne disease.},
}
@article {pmid40705720,
year = {2025},
author = {Spear, HV and Zhuang, Z and Selby, C and Nicoll, F and Bañuelas, DC and Arenas, A and Swanson, A and Crook, ED},
title = {Combined impacts of sea level rise and invasive species on Cordylanthus maritimus (Salt Marsh Bird's Beak) in Upper Newport Bay, California.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {7},
pages = {e0328652},
pmid = {40705720},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; California ; Animals ; Wetlands ; *Sea Level Rise ; Biodiversity ; Bays ; Ecosystem ; *Birds/physiology ; },
abstract = {From Central California to Northern Baja California, Salt Marsh Bird's Beak (Cordylanthus maritimus subsp. Maritimus; C. maritimus) is an annual hemiparasitic halophyte that is endemic to coastal salt marshes and is both state and federally endangered in the US and Mexico. By the year 2100, sea level is projected to rise by nearly a meter, which will decrease the biodiversity of salt marshes and lead to changes in plant community assemblages, impacting the narrow ecological niche of C. maritimus. Here, we address how sea level rise will impact the preferred elevation range of C. maritimus, and we examine how these impacts will be compounded by the presence of an invasive perennial plant species, Algerian sea lavender (Limonium ramosissimum; L. ramossisimum). We used LiDAR data, plant distributions, and sea level rise projections for the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve to create simplified species distribution models and map current and future ranges for both species, serving as a case study for future management practices along the California Coast. In our small-scale model, the areas of these ranges and the area of overlap between both species were calculated for 2020, 2050, and 2100 under varying sea level rise scenarios. Although the overlap between the two species' ranges currently exists, C. maritimus inhabits a smaller area at relatively lower elevations than L. ramosissimum. By the year 2100, we project L. ramosissimum will occupy between 200-300% more habitable area than C. maritimus. More than 98% of the projected habitable area for C. maritimus may also be suitable for L. ramosissimum, increasing competition between the two species and highlighting a critical need to strategically control invasive L. ramosissimum in Upper Newport Bay.},
}
@article {pmid40705718,
year = {2025},
author = {Hartshorn, JA},
title = {Secondary metabolites of the invasive tree, Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana), provide support for the empty niche theory of invasion.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {7},
pages = {e0327841},
pmid = {40705718},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Pyrus/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/chemistry ; *Secondary Metabolism ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Invasive woody species like Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) alter ecosystems directly and indirectly through effects on arthropod communities as well as chemical alterations of the soil. Evidence suggests that the aggressive spread and negative impacts are due to allelopathic chemicals present throughout plant tissues which reduce herbivory and add unique allochthonous inputs to the soil, thereby reducing germination of native species and furthering Callery pear's domination on the landscape. To assess the allelopathic potential of Callery pear, we collected leaf tissue from Callery pear, black cherry (Prunus serotina) as the native comparison, and wild peach (Prunus persica) to serve as a non-native but non-invasive representative. Callery pear leaves contained 32 unique compounds compared to our other two species tested, with 23 of these compounds belonging to the group of compounds called flavones, which are secondary metabolites known to build up in the roots of plants and cause autotoxicity, along with changes to the soil microbial community, including mycorrhizal fungi. While flavones are ubiquitous in nature, their presence in Callery pear suggests downstream effects on native plants and arthropod communities, and provides evidence for the empty niche theory of invasion. Further experiments are needed to confirm flavones in other Callery pear tissues and to assess the mediating chemical pathways that lead to their upregulation.},
}
@article {pmid40703974,
year = {2025},
author = {},
title = {Correction to "Prioritizing the Risk of Multiple Invasive Species in the Semiarid Rangelands of Iran: An Ecological Approach to Multicriteria Decision-Making".},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e71601},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.71601},
pmid = {40703974},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/ece3.71287.].},
}
@article {pmid40702041,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, E and Wang, X and Lei, B and Han, Y and Sun, J},
title = {The potential distribution area and dynamic niche variation analysis of an alien invasive plant Senecio vulgaris L.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {26742},
pmid = {40702041},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {cstc2022jxjl20003//Chongqing Municipal Research Institutions Performance Incentive Guidance Special Project/ ; cstc2022jxjl20003//Chongqing Municipal Research Institutions Performance Incentive Guidance Special Project/ ; cstc2022jxjl20003//Chongqing Municipal Research Institutions Performance Incentive Guidance Special Project/ ; cstc2022jxjl20003//Chongqing Municipal Research Institutions Performance Incentive Guidance Special Project/ ; cstc2022jxjl20003//Chongqing Municipal Research Institutions Performance Incentive Guidance Special Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Senecio/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Ecosystem ; China ; },
abstract = {Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae), a European-origin invasive plant, has established widespread populations in China since the nineteenth century, posing both ecological and health-related threats due to its herbicide resistance, toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and broad habitat adaptability. Despite being classified as a Level 4 invasive species in China, its potential risk remains underestimated. In this study, we applied an optimized MaxEnt model using occurrence data from both native (Europe) and invasive (China) ranges to predict the species' potential distribution. Our results revealed high environmental suitability in central, eastern, southwestern, and northeastern China, with human activity, temperature, and precipitation as dominant predictors. Niche analysis indicated that S. vulgaris in China occupies environmental conditions largely overlapping with its native niche, demonstrating niche conservatism rather than expansion. These findings suggest that even moderately ranked invasive species can maintain ecological stability while gradually expanding, especially under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Our results underscore the need for targeted monitoring and preemptive management in agriculturally sensitive regions. This study provides a practical framework for assessing and managing adaptable invasive plants beyond those classified as high risk.},
}
@article {pmid40701510,
year = {2025},
author = {Valles, SM and Ascunce, MS and Read, QD and White, RL and Vander Meer, RK},
title = {Virome of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Intercontinental differences in the native and introduced ranges.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {108401},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108401},
pmid = {40701510},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/virology ; Argentina ; *Virome ; United States ; Introduced Species ; *Insect Viruses/isolation &amp; purification ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {A comprehensive survey of 430 Solenopsis invicta nests from 82 different sites in Argentina and the USA was conducted for all currently known viruses infecting, or associated with, the invasive red imported fire ant, S. invicta. Comparisons in viral abundance, diversity, and possible social form preferences were made. Monogyny was the more prevalent S. invicta colony social form detected on both continents. Seventeen of the twenty (i.e., 85%) known viruses associated with S. invicta were observed in Argentina, compared with 11 (55%) viruses detected in S. invicta in the USA. Two viruses, Solenopsis invicta virus-16 (SINV-16) and SINV-17, were not detected on either continent. Seven viruses, SINV-5, SINV-8, SINV-10, SINV-11, SINV-12, SINV-13, and Solenopsis invicta densovirus, were unique to Argentinean S. invicta (i.e., only detected in Argentina) and one virus, SINV-14, was unique to USA S. invicta. The mean number of viruses per nest was significantly (5.4-fold) greater in S. invicta from Argentina compared with S. invicta from the USA. Greater viral diversity and abundance in the native range, Argentina, compared with the introduced range, USA, supports the "enemy release hypothesis" to explain the disparity in S. invicta population levels and pest intensity between the two continents.},
}
@article {pmid40700486,
year = {2025},
author = {Meier, ES and Indermaur, A and Knop, E},
title = {Biodiversity-friendly landscapes: A paradox for conservation?.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {30},
pages = {eadt9564},
pmid = {40700486},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Switzerland ; },
abstract = {Human-induced global change may cause the sixth mass extinction of species. The moderate success of patch-scale biodiversity conservation measures has led to the concept of creating biodiversity-friendly landscapes. However, these landscapes potentially present a paradox: They may increase local biodiversity and thereby strengthen biotic resistance of native communities to global change winners, i.e., species that thrive under global change, such as invasive alien species or temperature- or nutrient-tolerant species. However, they may also improve landscape-scale habitat conditions, such as habitat connectivity, which facilitates the dispersal of global change winners, thereby accelerating biodiversity loss. Despite increasing investment in biodiversity-friendly landscapes, this paradox and underlying processes remain largely unquantified. We analyzed 2050 repeated, systematic vegetation surveys across the Swiss farmland and found the hypothesized facilitating and inhibitory effects on global change winners, but, overall, the inhibitory effects were stronger. This supports the call for a shift from patch-scale conservation to landscape-wide strategies to stop the ongoing decline of farmland biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid40696789,
year = {2025},
author = {Tercel, MPTG and Cuff, JP and Symondson, WOC and Moorhouse-Gann, RJ and Bishop, TR and Cole, NC and Jolin, E and Govier, B and Chambon, J and Mootoocurpen, R and Goder, M and Vaughan, IP},
title = {Threatened endemic arthropods and vertebrates partition their diets with non-native ants in an isolated island ecosystem.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {7},
pages = {e70158},
pmid = {40696789},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {MR/S502455/1//Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust/ ; NE/L002434/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; BB/M009122/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; NE/K00719X/1//NERC iCASE studentship/ ; //Mauritian Wildlife Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology ; *Diet ; *Food Chain ; Islands ; Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Arthropods/physiology ; *Feeding Behavior/physiology ; *Endangered Species ; Predatory Behavior ; },
abstract = {The success of non-native species depends on their ability to find food, which may ultimately lead to competition with native species and contribute to biodiversity loss in invaded ecosystems. Understanding which food resources are consumed is therefore crucial for evaluating how non-native species mechanistically fit into native biological communities. Non-native species may be predators or competitors of native species or may be consumed by native species as a novel source of nutrition, for example, and this can occur between both closely and distantly related species. Studies examining competitive interactions between non-native species and distantly related native taxa are relatively rare, largely because it is difficult to compare their diets using traditional methods. However, dietary DNA metabarcoding overcomes these limitations by enabling the construction of highly detailed food webs. Here, we use dietary DNA metabarcoding between two generalist native consumers-a reptile (Telfair's skink) and a Scolopendra centipede (Serpent Island centipede)-and the hyperabundant non-native ant community to test which consumer groups prey upon one another and partition food resources. To determine how non-native ants fit into a native community, we calculated dietary composition, niche overlap, and dietary diversity of ants, centipedes, and skinks on Round Island, a small 2.19-km[2] oceanic island located 22.5 km north-east of Mauritius. We observed distinct partitioning of food resources among the three consumer groups-skinks, centipedes, and ants-and found that the level of predation between these groups varied. Skinks and centipedes frequently consumed non-native ants, which may represent an important nutritional resource for both native consumers. Dietary differences persisted through seasons despite large shifts in the availability of food and concomitant diet composition for all three consumers. We conclude that non-native ants fit into the biological community of Round Island as both prey for native consumers and extreme omnivorous generalists, but not necessarily at the expense of the native consumers because it is unlikely the consumers are competing for food resources. Our results suggest that abundant non-native generalists, which are highly invasive in much of their introduced range, can infiltrate native food webs without exerting strong competitive forces on other common native generalist species.},
}
@article {pmid40694577,
year = {2025},
author = {Ibrahim Danzabarma, A and Hima, K and Garba, M and Issaka, S and Dobigny, G},
title = {Native-to-invasive rodent species turn-over within African cities: The example of Niamey, Niger.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {7},
pages = {e0325427},
pmid = {40694577},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Niger ; *Introduced Species ; Cities ; *Rodentia ; Rats ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Mice ; Population Dynamics ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Expanding transportation infrastructure has facilitated the introduction and proliferation of invasive small mammals, particularly now cosmopolitan rodents like Rattus spp. and Mus musculus, within urban socio-ecosystems where they may severely impact local biodiversity, economy and public health. However, fine-scale dynamics of such biological invasions are still poorly documented, especially in African cities where such biological invasions are still ongoing. We took advantage of a long-term monitoring program of terrestrial small mammal communities of Niamey, the capital city of Niger, to compare rodent and shrew faunas at the same sampling points ten years apart, namely in 2009-2013 and in 2020-2023. We show that Rattus rattus has been expanding significantly in almost all trapping areas across the city, while Mastomys natalensis relative abundance has decreased. This clear trend of native-to-invasive rodent species turnover was particularly marked within the core city, but some notable exceptions exist in peripheral as well as traditionally built zones where the native species still remains dominant. These patterns are discussed, with special attention given to possible human socio-economic and health implications.},
}
@article {pmid40692962,
year = {2025},
author = {Lean, CH},
title = {Open border ecosystems: Against globalised laissez-faire conservation.},
journal = {Cambridge prisms. Extinction},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {e10},
pmid = {40692962},
issn = {2755-0958},
abstract = {Ecosystems are increasingly being represented as marketplaces that produce goods for humanity, and because of this, economic metaphors for increasing efficiency have been introduced into conservation. A powerful model for economic growth is the globalised free market, and some are implicitly deploying it to suggest changes in conservation practice. Ecological globalisation is the position that we should not control the free movement of species and rewilding occurs most efficiently through non-intervention. When species can move and interact with new ecological systems, they create novel ecosystems. These novel arrangements create experimental markets in nature's economy, providing opportunities for the efficient production of goods for humans, also known as ecosystem services. When invasive species supersede local populations, it indicates previous biotic systems were inefficient, which is why they were replaced, and therefore, it is wrong to protect indigenous "losers" from extinction. Those who defend indigenous species are accused of being xenophobic against recent biotic migrants. This position is flawed both empirically and morally as there is a disconnect between these economic and political arguments when applied to human economies and nature's economy.},
}
@article {pmid40691721,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Qi, L and Ren, W and Chen, Z and Yuan, F and Liu, Y},
title = {Changes with time post-restoration in the relationships between soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation in a reclaimed open-pit coal mine.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {26373},
pmid = {40691721},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2021ZD00804//Major Special Foundation of Science and Technology Plan of Inner Mongolia/ ; 2021ZD00804//Major Special Foundation of Science and Technology Plan of Inner Mongolia/ ; 2021ZD00804//Major Special Foundation of Science and Technology Plan of Inner Mongolia/ ; 2021ZD00804//Major Special Foundation of Science and Technology Plan of Inner Mongolia/ ; 2021ZD00804//Major Special Foundation of Science and Technology Plan of Inner Mongolia/ ; 2021ZD00804//Major Special Foundation of Science and Technology Plan of Inner Mongolia/ ; NMGIRT2316//The project for Young talent scientists of Inner Mongolia/ ; NMGIRT2316//The project for Young talent scientists of Inner Mongolia/ ; NMGIRT2316//The project for Young talent scientists of Inner Mongolia/ ; NMGIRT2316//The project for Young talent scientists of Inner Mongolia/ ; NMGIRT2316//The project for Young talent scientists of Inner Mongolia/ ; NMGIRT2316//The project for Young talent scientists of Inner Mongolia/ ; 2023-JBGS-S-1//Hohhot Key R&amp;D Project/ ; 2023-JBGS-S-1//Hohhot Key R&amp;D Project/ ; 2023-JBGS-S-1//Hohhot Key R&amp;D Project/ ; 2023-JBGS-S-1//Hohhot Key R&amp;D Project/ ; 2023-JBGS-S-1//Hohhot Key R&amp;D Project/ ; 2023-JBGS-S-1//Hohhot Key R&amp;D Project/ ; },
abstract = {The soil seed bank (SSB) is a potential resource for the aboveground vegetation community (AVC) and plays a crucial role in ecological restoration. Studying the succession of the SSB and AVC at different restoration stages provides valuable insights into their temporal dynamics, facilitates comprehensive investigations of the different restoration stages, and enables appropriate recommendations for the subsequent restoration to be provided. Therefore, the SSB and AVC of restored grassland ecosystems were investigated in open-pit coal mine dumping sites in a typical grassland area of Inner Mongolia. This study was therefore conducted in a typical grassland with the same restoration practices (mixed seeding of Gramineae and Leguminosae), and comparisons were made at different periods post-restoration to determine the pattern of changes in the SSB and AVC over time post-restoration. Through non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), a correlation analysis, and structural equation model, the changes in the SSB and AVC in the years following restoration were determined. It was found that the SSB density was 475.00 - 705.00 (plant m[- 2]), and the AVC density was 94 - 192.8 (plant m[- 2]). Notably, a significant shift occurred 17 years post-restoration, indicating a pivotal stage was reached in the overall trajectory of the SSB and AVC. The vegetation in the restored area was found to be transitioning toward natural grassland, with an increase in the proportion of perennial species and a gradual decrease in annual and biannual species. The density of Gramineae and Leguminosae plants was similar to that of natural grasslands 17 years post-restoration. The presence of the invasive species Salsola collina gradually decreased over time. The relationship between soil physicochemical properties and SSB was relatively weak, while the relationship with AVC was relatively strong. With time post-restoration, the resemblance between the SSB and the plant community slowly diminished at the mining dump. The study provides for the prolonged rehabilitation of open-pit coal mine dumping sites.},
}
@article {pmid40690859,
year = {2025},
author = {Byun, C and Singh, K},
title = {Selective eradication and sowing with diverse native seed mixtures effectively controls invasion and enhances biodiversity.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {391},
number = {},
pages = {126632},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126632},
pmid = {40690859},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; *Seeds ; Ecosystem ; *Solidago ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species are one of the major threats to biodiversity and ecosystem integrity, therefore, their management is imperative. This study assessed the effectiveness of various mechanical control methods in suppressing the invasive species Solidago altissima and tested the role of sowing native seed mixtures in enhancing native diversity recovery. It was predicted that selective uprooting would be the most effective control method. Additionally, sowing high-functionally diverse seed mixtures was predicted to better suppress reinvasion than less diverse mixtures. A field experiment, containing four main plots that were subjected to non-selective mowing of all vegetation, selective cutting, selective uprooting, and no-treatment control, was conducted to test the above predictions. Each plot was subdivided into four subplots that were left untreated (control) and sown with seed mixtures containing four, eight, and 12 species from one to three functional groups (annual, herbaceous perennial, and woody perennial). Selective uprooting proved the most effective in controlling invasion, preventing reinvasion, and improving native diversity, followed by selective cutting, and non-selective mowing. Mown plots showed no significant increase over control plots in native diversity, highlighting the importance of selective removal. The most effective strategy for restoring biodiversity was uprooting S. altissima in combination with sowing with seed from a high number of functionally-diverse species. Overall, this study showed that selective eradication of an invasive species without disturbing native vegetation, combined with enhancing existing biotic resistance by sowing mixtures of functionally diverse native seeds, prevented reinvasion and improved native biodiversity to the levels comparable with undisturbed reference ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40688182,
year = {2025},
author = {Mbou-Boutambe, C and Boundenga, L and Degrugillier, F and Gauthier, P and Arnathau, C and Rivero, A and Granjon, L and Rougeron, V and Prugnolle, F},
title = {Rodent malaria parasites detected in the invasive Rattus rattus in Gabon.},
journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {101112},
pmid = {40688182},
issn = {2213-2244},
abstract = {Invasive species are increasingly recognized for their role in reshaping host-parasite dynamics. This study reports the first molecular detection of Plasmodium yoelii in the invasive black rat (Rattus rattus) in Gabon, based on a systematic molecular screening of 527 rodents captured in rural villages between 2021 and 2022. Two R. rattus individuals tested positive for P. yoelii, with phylogenetic analysis confirming identity with strains previously isolated from native rodents in the region. These findings challenge the traditional view that rodent malaria parasites are restricted to native hosts and highlight R. rattus as a potential, albeit likely incidental, host within local Plasmodium transmission networks. Despite a low infection prevalence (0.38 %), this result raises important questions about the capacity of invasive rodents to integrate into local parasite cycles and influence disease dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid40687752,
year = {2025},
author = {Dickinson, S and Nita, M and Aviles-Rosa, EO and Hall, N and Feuerbacher, EN},
title = {Evaluating the effectiveness of participatory science dog teams to detect devitalized Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) egg masses.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19656},
pmid = {40687752},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; Dogs ; *Introduced Species ; *Ovum ; United States ; *Working Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; *Diptera ; Hemiptera ; },
abstract = {The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula, SLF) is an invasive planthopper first detected in the United States in 2014, with initial sightings in Pennsylvania. SLF poses a serious threat to agriculture, particularly targeting grapevines, hops, and ornamental plants, resulting in substantial annual economic losses. Due to its life cycle, the early detection and removal of egg masses are the most effective strategies for preventing long-distance dispersal. However, visual detection by humans is time-consuming and inefficient. Detection dogs have demonstrated high accuracy in locating SLF egg masses and differentiating them from environmental distractors. Despite their effectiveness, the number of dogs available through governmental channels is insufficient to meet demand. This study evaluated whether community scientist dog-handler teams could meet standardized detection criteria using SLF egg masses. Teams from across the U.S. were recruited and trained using devitalized egg masses, with oversight provided by local trainers. Following a 3- to 6-month independent training period, team performance was assessed through an odor recognition test and a field trial. Dogs demonstrated a sensitivity of 82% in controlled testing and 58% in field conditions. These results provide proof of concept; community scientist dog teams could play a significant role in protecting their local environments and agriculture from invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40685837,
year = {2025},
author = {Moreyra, S and Gonzalez-Polo, M and Barrios-Garcia, MN},
title = {Afterlife effects of invasive wasp nests on ecosystem functioning.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {7},
pages = {e70140},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70140},
pmid = {40685837},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {//Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont/ ; PIP 2021-2023//CONICET/ ; R67602//CONICET/ ; },
mesh = {*Wasps/physiology ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Soil/chemistry ; *Nesting Behavior ; Argentina ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Legacy effects, defined as persistent ecological impacts after a species extirpation or cessation of activity, can significantly influence ecosystem structure and function. While extensively studied in plant invasions, legacy effects of invasive animals may differ and remain largely unexplored. We assessed the afterlife effects of subterranean nests built by invasive Vespula social wasps on ecosystem properties in Patagonia, Argentina. We relocated wasp nests ~16 months after the colonies' death and collected soil samples from nest sites and adjacent control areas. In the laboratory, we analyzed soil nutrients, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity. Additionally, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to measure the nests' effect on plant growth. Our results show significant effects on soil properties, including a 1.5-fold increase in total C, 2-fold increase in total N, and 54-fold increase in P compared to control soils. Furthermore, we found a 1.5-fold increase in microbial biomass and a 1.75-fold increase in enzyme activity. These changes enhanced plant performance, with seedlings grown in nest soil showing a 13-fold increase in biomass. Overall, our results show that invasive wasps create lasting legacy effects persisting more than a year after the colony's death, influencing plant growth and potentially increasing spatial heterogeneity within the invaded ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid40684308,
year = {2025},
author = {Sohrabi, S and Gherekhloo, J and Hassanpour-Bourkheili, S and Ghaderi-Far, F and Siahmarguee, A and Taheri, M and Atashii, S},
title = {Allelopathic potential impact of Senecio angulatus L.F. on native plants.},
journal = {Plant signaling &amp; behavior},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {2526886},
pmid = {40684308},
issn = {1559-2324},
mesh = {*Senecio/chemistry ; *Allelopathy ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Seedlings/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Germination/drug effects ; Lactuca/drug effects ; Plant Roots ; },
abstract = {Urban greening had a significant effect on enhancing the distribution of alien plants, which pose a threat to the native species in new areas. Senecio angulatus L.f. (cape ivy) is one of the naturalized species dominant in urban ecosystems in many regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic interference of this alien species on the native plants in these habitats in Iran. The allelopathy impact of aqueous extract of stem, leaf and root of cape ivy was estimated on germination and seedling´s growth of five native plants (Agropyron elongatum, Medicago sativa, Portulaca oleracea, Silybum marianum, and Lactuca sativa as indicator plant). The tested species differed in their susceptibility to allelopathy of cape ivy, in which M. sativa, P. oleracea, and L. sativa were significantly sensitive than other species. The inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from leaves and stems was stronger than those from belowground parts and it revealed that the presence of higher concentrations of natural substances (phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity) gave it its efficiency in inhibiting the early growth of native plant. Our results imply that reducing the allelopathic impact of this species during habitat restoration requires the removal of the aboveground parts, including fallen leaves. Furthermore, the information obtained helps score cape ivy risk and impact assessment in the introduced regions.},
}
@article {pmid40683642,
year = {2025},
author = {Romero-Weaver, AL and Nguyen, VT and Bae, J and Seok, S and Bauer, A and Magaletta, OR and Mullin, M and Byrd, BD and Clark, M and Ber, J and Harrison, RL and Evans, CL and Zohdy, S and Allen, B and Campbell, LP and Killingsworth, D and Giordano, BV and Gray, EW and Riegel, C and Riles, MT and Lee, Y},
title = {SURVEY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN USA REVEALS THE NEED FOR IMPROVED INVASIVE MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE.},
journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
pages = {77-85},
doi = {10.2987/25-7216},
pmid = {40683642},
issn = {1943-6270},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Culicidae ; Southeastern United States ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; *Mosquito Vectors ; },
abstract = {Invasive mosquito species play an important role in transmitting pathogens that cause diseases in humans and animals around the world. In the last decade, arboviral pathogens transmitted by invasive mosquito species have increased substantially in the southeastern region of the USA ("the Southeast"). Early detection of invasive mosquitoes is an important component of an integrated mosquito management (IMM) plan. To determine the capacity of the southern region of the USA to conduct invasive mosquito surveillance, the Mosquito Biodiversity Enhancement and Control of Non-native Species (BEACONS) working group conducted a survey in 2021 in seven US southern states: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina. A total of 348 mosquito control agencies were contacted, and of those, 90 agencies (26%) responded. Here we report the results about the status of an IMM program and the techniques used for mosquito and pathogen surveillance in the Southeast. Results reveal several gaps in surveillance for invasive mosquito species, compromising the ability for early detection and rapid response. Further, we identified a lack of arbovirus testing, which could result in inadequate arboviral risk assessment and may increase the risk of human and livestock to acquire arboviral infections. This survey data can assist decision makers at the county, regional, and state levels to ameliorate gaps in surveillance capacity in the Southeast.},
}
@article {pmid40681685,
year = {2025},
author = {Harman, RR and Morrison, WR and Altunç, YE and Athanassiou, CG and Gerken, AR},
title = {Increasing global risk of khapra beetle invasion forecasted under projected environmental conditions.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {26064},
pmid = {40681685},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; Forecasting ; },
abstract = {The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, is a stored product pest of global concern, readily transported with cargo and reported in over 60 countries, several of which have spent millions in USD to eradicate populations. Despite the profound risk to stored grain commodities, nothing is known about the potential future distribution of species. We utilize MaxEnt and two datasets representing (1) only the historical range and (2) all global locations where it currently is or was established, even if later eradicated, to model areas of suitability under current future climatic conditions under low and high climate change scenarios at close (2040) and distant (2080) time points. The potential distribution using historical data was much reduced compared to the combined model; consequently, all established localities, even if eradicated, change model outcomes and are vitally important when building models. An increase of high potential suitability (> 75% suitable) is projected with greater time and climatic scenarios, primarily in North America and Europe, which have previously eradicated T. granarium. These results call for greater surveillance to prevent T. granarium expansion to inland areas with high grain production and storage where devastating losses would occur.},
}
@article {pmid40680620,
year = {2025},
author = {González-Jaramillo, SI and Cano-Santana, Z},
title = {Threshold depth for girdling-induced mortality in Eucalyptus camaldulensis: a predictive approach for invasive species management.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {391},
number = {},
pages = {126560},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126560},
pmid = {40680620},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Eucalyptus ; *Introduced Species ; Trees ; },
abstract = {Invasive species, such as Eucalyptus camaldulensis, pose significant ecological challenges in protected areas worldwide due to their environmental impacts and complex management. This study aimed to determine the threshold depth of girdling necessary to induce mortality in E. camaldulensis and to develop a predictive model for its practical application in invasive species management. Two populations of E. camaldulensis girdled in 2010 and 2017, along with a control group, were monitored for survival, decline, and phenological responses over one year. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models revealed that girdling depth was the most significant factor affecting tree mortality, with a critical threshold of 6.55 cm. Trees girdled below this depth showed significantly higher survival rates. A positive linear relationship was identified between tree breast height circumference, and the minimum girdling depth required for mortality, enabling the development of a predictive model. Girdled trees exhibited a significant reduction in fruit and young leaf production, along with an increase in mature leaves and tree decline, compared to control trees. These findings provide a science-based and sustainable approach for managing E. camaldulensis populations in protected areas. The proposed model offers a practical tool for estimating the necessary girdling depth based on tree size, minimizing the use of chemical inputs and promoting adaptive management. This approach ensures targeted and efficient control of this invasive species, enhancing the conservation of native ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40679165,
year = {2025},
author = {Bhan, M and Misher, C and Hiremath, A and Vanak, AT},
title = {Restoration maintains high soil carbon stocks in Asia's largest tropical grassland.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {e70073},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70073},
pmid = {40679165},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//WestBridge Capital to the Centre for Policy Design, ATREE/ ; },
mesh = {*Grassland ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Carbon/chemistry ; Tropical Climate ; India ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Land management changes threaten the ecological functionality of grassland ecosystems worldwide, including the ability of these ecosystems to store carbon in their soils. The Banni grasslands in India, Asia's largest tropical grassland, are no different in this regard. Despite being a highly biodiverse ecosystem with an extensive land use history, information on soil carbon stocks in this ecosystem remains conspicuously absent. In this study, we map soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks within the upper 30 cm depth across land use-land cover classes by combining high-resolution satellite imagery with field-based soil carbon data from a network of long-term monitoring sites. We find that Banni currently stores 27.69 million tons of carbon in its soils, with an average SOC density of 119.61 ± 3.50 tons of carbon per hectare (tC/ha, mean ± SE). These estimates compare favorably with arid and semi-arid grasslands as well as seasonally flooded savannas across the tropics. The highest SOC densities are found in restored grasslands (142.72 ± 5.72 tC/ha), reaffirming the potential of carbon recovery from ecological restoration. Tracing 10 years of land change in the region indicates the further expansion of the invasive tree Prosopis juliflora across the landscape, but its impacts on changes in SOC concentration estimates remain varied. Our results indicate the large SOC storage associated with woody encroachment in Banni and point toward the need for the active management of Banni so that carbon benefits can accrue at meaningful timescales for reversing land degradation and contributing to land-based climate action.},
}
@article {pmid40675596,
year = {2025},
author = {Craig, M and Sither, C and Mullin, M and Foster, M and Turner, E and Kenney, J and Connelly, R and Doyle, M and Williams, C and Byrd, BD},
title = {IMPROVED SURVEILLANCE OF AEDES TRISERIATUS USING THE BG-PRO TRAP: IMPLICATIONS FOR SAMPLING HOST-SEEKING LA CROSSE VIRUS VECTORS.},
journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {151-155},
doi = {10.2987/24-7204},
pmid = {40675596},
issn = {1943-6270},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology/virology ; *La Crosse virus/physiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; *Mosquito Control/methods/instrumentation ; Female ; },
abstract = {La Crosse virus (LACV) is responsible for the majority of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the United States. At present there are limited options for host-seeking surveillance for the primary vector (Aedes triseriatus) and, to a lesser extent, two invasive species (Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus) capable of transmitting LACV. We evaluated four host-seeking trap configurations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Light trap, BG-Pro with BG lure, and BG-Sentinel 2 with and without BG lure) via two 4 × 4 Latin square field studies. Over the course of 128 trap-days, 436 mosquitoes were collected with the two most common species being Aedes triseriatus (n = 156, 35.8% of total) and Ae. albopictus (n = 182, 41.7% of total). The BG-Pro, on average, collected approximately 3 times more female Ae. triseriatus than the CDC light trap or the BG-Sentinel with BG lure. Similarly, the odds of collecting Ae. triseriatus with the BG-Pro trap were 3.02 times (95% CI: 1.96-4.67) than the CDC light trap; statistically greater than any other trap. There was no statistical difference in the odds of collecting Ae. triseriatus by the BG-Sentinel 2 (irrespective of lure presence) when compared to the CDC light trap as the reference. There was no difference in the odds of collecting Ae. albopictus using the BG-Sentinel 2 (OR: 4.62, 95% CI: 2.76-7.74) or the BG-Pro (3.06, 95% CI: 1.78-5.24) when compared to the CDC light trap as the reference. The limited collection of Ae. japonicus precluded any meaningful comparisons. Taken together, the BG-Pro trap should be considered for the surveillance or collection of the primary LACV vector, Ae. triseriatus.},
}
@article {pmid40675593,
year = {2025},
author = {Birhanie, SK and Hans, J and Melgoza, A and Reisinger, B and Brown, MQ},
title = {PRE-SEASON DEPLOYMENT OF IN2CARE® MOSQUITO STATIONS TO CONTROL AEDES AEGYPTI POPULATION IN THE WEST VALLEY REGION OF SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.},
journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {134-142},
doi = {10.2987/25-7226},
pmid = {40675593},
issn = {1943-6270},
mesh = {*Mosquito Control/instrumentation/methods ; *Aedes/microbiology ; California ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology ; Seasons ; Animals ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {The recent geographic expansion of Aedes aegypti poses a significant global public health challenge. In California, these invasive mosquitoes are now present in over 300 cities across 25 central and southern counties. The In2Care® Mosquito Station, which uses biological control agents to target Aedes mosquitoes, has shown promise when integrated into existing integrated vector management strategies. This study evaluated the impact of pre-season deployment of In2Care stations on Ae. aegypti populations. Two cohorts were established: 1 with 17 sites deploying stations pre-season (April-November), and another with 15 sites deploying during peak season (July-November), maintained during 2022-2024. Monthly BG-2 Sentinel trap data showed a significant reduction in Ae. aegypti abundance at pre-season In2Care sites: from 31.2 mosquitoes/trap-night in 2022 to 20.1 in 2023 and 13.2 in 2024, with a year-to-year reduction of 34-36%. Peak-season In2Care sites showed a 24-36% reduction in mosquito abundance four weeks post-deployment. Pre-season In2Care sites maintained 22-34% lower mosquito abundance than peak-season sites. These results demonstrate that early deployment of In2Care stations prior to the mosquito season significantly reduces Ae. aegypti populations and reinforces the existing integrated vector management programs.},
}
@article {pmid40675590,
year = {2025},
author = {Lysaker, DT and Tucker, BJ and Osmundson, T and Geske, D and Bartholomay, L and Klein, BA},
title = {PERSISTENCE OF AEDES TRISERIATUS DESPITE THE INVASION OF AEDES JAPONICUS IN WESTERN WISCONSIN.},
journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
pages = {69-76},
doi = {10.2987/24-7211},
pmid = {40675590},
issn = {1943-6270},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Wisconsin ; *Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; La Crosse virus/physiology ; Female ; },
abstract = {For more than 40 yr, a multicounty vector control program that surrounded the epicenter of the outbreak of La Crosse virus (LACV) was in place to survey and control point sources for the virus transmission vector Aedes triseriatus. During that period, the number of cases of LACV disease declined to 1 and 2 cases in 2003 and 2004, respectively, and 0 reported cases within La Crosse County, WI, since 2005. We surveyed Ae. triseriatus populations in La Crosse and Trempealeau counties, WI, during the summers of 2020-2021 to determine whether the decline in LACV disease cases corresponded to a possible decline in Ae. triseriatus populations, and whether the invasive species, Ae. japonicus, is competing with and replacing Ae. triseriatus. We sampled containers for larvae and collected eggs using oviposition (OP) traps. We collected 606 and 20,020 mosquitoes in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Overall, we found a lower proportion of Ae. japonicas than Ae. triseriatus in natural oviposition sites in 2020 (n = 72 and 224 larvae, respectively; z = 8.78, P < 0.0001), in OP traps in 2020 (n = 5 and 199, respectively; z = 13.51, P < 0.0001), and in OP traps in 2021 (n = 358 and 19,099, respectively; z = 134.31, P < 0.001). Aedes japonicus, therefore, does not appear to be outcompeting native species in western Wisconsin forests. Although there were as few as 4 total cases of LACV disease reported in 2020 and 2021 in Wisconsin, we found ample evidence of Ae. triseriatus activity. These data point to the need for continued surveillance and control efforts in the interest of preventing vector-borne diseases.},
}
@article {pmid40675277,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, S and Hussain, M and Wu, M and Luo, R and Li, C and Yin, D and Shi, C and Gao, X and Wu, G and Qin, D},
title = {Fungal CeRNase T2 from Cunninghamella echinulata disrupts detoxification pathways and cause behavioral inhibition in invasive ant Solenopsis invicta (Buren).},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {320},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {145937},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145937},
pmid = {40675277},
issn = {1879-0003},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/drug effects/physiology/metabolism ; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; *Ribonucleases/pharmacology/chemistry/metabolism ; Inactivation, Metabolic/drug effects ; *Fungal Proteins/pharmacology/chemistry ; Proteomics ; *Insecticides/pharmacology/chemistry ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {Solenopsis invicta known as one of the most dangerous invasive species due to its severe impacts on the human health, agricultural systems and biodiversity. This study investigates the insecticidal potential of Cunninghamella echinulata-derived crude proteins against S. invicta. Proteomic profiling identified RNase T2 as a cytotoxic effector with conserved roles in RNA metabolism and immune modulation, driving its selection for mechanistic evaluation. Crude protein extracts and purified CeRNase T2 were evaluated through bioassays, proteomics, and detoxification enzyme activity assays. CeRNase T2 exhibited superior toxicity, with 72 h LC50 values of 13.94 mg/L compared to 243 mg/L for crude extracts. At 250 mg/L, CeRNase T2 induced 100 % mortality within 72 h, accompanied by complete loss of aggregation, climbing, and locomotion behaviors. Proteomic profiling revealed CeRNase T2's structural stability (30.32 kDa, pI 7.57) and secretion via an N-terminal signal peptide. Mechanistically, CeRNase T2 disrupted redox homeostasis, elevating superoxide dismutase (21.3 U/mL, 1.4× control), peroxidase (22.6 U/mL, 4.3×), and catalase (61 U/mL, 5.8×) activities while suppressing glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450. Metabolomic analysis identified 672 differentially expressed metabolites in treated ants, including dysregulated purine/nucleotide metabolism and FoxO signaling intermediates linked to energy collapse and DNA damage [Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD064403) and MetaboLights (MTBLS12540)]. Behavioral assays confirmed dose-dependent impairment of aggression-related traits (e.g., 71.6 % vs. 98.3 % control aggregation at 12.5 mg/L). These findings suggest CeRNase T2 as a multi-target mycoinsecticide with potential for sustainable fire ant management.},
}
@article {pmid40675152,
year = {2025},
author = {Veerabahu, A and Banik, MT and Lindner, DL and Pringle, A and Jusino, MA},
title = {Invasive golden oyster mushrooms are disrupting native fungal communities as they spread throughout North America.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {35},
number = {16},
pages = {3994-4002.e4},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.049},
pmid = {40675152},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Pleurotus/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Mycobiome ; *Biodiversity ; Wisconsin ; North America ; },
abstract = {Earth's biodiversity is in decline, and invasive species are among the greatest threats to local ecosystems.[1] While the impacts of invasive plants, animals, and pathogens are increasingly well documented, the impacts of invasive nonpathogenic microbes are not.[2][,][3][,][4] The golden oyster mushroom (GOM; Pleurotus citrinopileatus) is a white-rot wood decay fungus and grows primarily on hardwoods.[5][,][6][,][7] GOM is a widely cultivated and prized edible fungus native to eastern Asia. GOM was imported into North America in the early 2000s and is now sold in popular mushroom-growing kits. GOM escaped into North American forests around 2010[7][,][8] and is now rapidly expanding its range. We predicted GOM is changing fungal community composition and lowering species richness in the wood it colonizes. We conducted a field survey of fungal communities from dead elm trees in south-central Wisconsin, USA, and generated metabarcoding data to determine whether fungal communities and species richness differ when GOM is present. To contextualize GOM's impacts, we used community science observations of GOM in North America to map GOM's range expansion and modeled its potential future distribution. When GOM is present, fungal community composition significantly changes, and fungal species richness significantly decreases. GOM has spread quickly and widely in just 8 years, and it is now found in 25 states and 1 Canadian province. While GOM currently grows in middle and northeastern North America, our model predicts climate change will make many other parts of the continent climatically suitable, and GOM will likely continue its range expansion.},
}
@article {pmid40674398,
year = {2025},
author = {Ortiz, R and Dabydeen, LC and Kosinski, C and Gera, P and Carvajal-Castro, JD and Akilov, V and Howell, HJ and Powell, E and Santos, JC},
title = {Skin transcriptomics of invasive Coqui frogs: stress responses, parasite signatures, and antimicrobial peptides.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {7},
pages = {e0328623},
pmid = {40674398},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Transcriptome ; *Skin/metabolism/parasitology ; *Introduced Species ; *Anura/parasitology/genetics/metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological/genetics ; *Antimicrobial Peptides/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {Resilience in amphibians lies in their ecological adaptability, driven by their genetic makeup. Eleutherodactylus coqui, native to Puerto Rico (PR) and a beloved symbol there, is among the most successful invasive amphibians. This species is extensively studied in terms of its biology and genetics, including being the first Eleutherodactylus with a draft genome. Its potential to spread to new habitats and rapid breeding are notable. Transcriptome analyses of E. coqui are limited but provide insights into their invasiveness and differential gene expression. We compared the skin transcriptomes of E. coqui from PR (native) to those from an area under citric acid treatment in Los Angeles, California (invasive) population. Our results show differences in stress response gene signatures between both populations. In the native population, we hypothesize these responses are due to immunity against diverse parasites, potentially helping control their native populations in PR. Additionally, these coquis expressed several antimicrobial peptides, which were previously reported to be absent in coquis. These peptides may play a role in the invasiveness of the common coqui and its tolerance to urban and degraded habitats. We also provide novel draft transcriptomes of close relatives of E. coqui: Eleutherodactylus planirostris, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, Eleutherodactylus cochranae, and Pristimantis unistrigatus.},
}
@article {pmid40674063,
year = {2025},
author = {Venkataraman, YR and Kelso, JC and Payne, C and Freitas, HL and Kohler, J and Tepolt, CK},
title = {Plasticity, not Genetics, Shapes Individual Responses to Thermal Stress in Non-Native Populations of the European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas).},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {65},
number = {4},
pages = {1148-1165},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icaf131},
pmid = {40674063},
issn = {1557-7023},
support = {2209018//National Science Foundation/ ; 2150401//National Science Foundation/ ; ICER-2023192//National Science Foundation/ ; OCE-1850996//National Science Foundation/ ; //Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology/genetics ; Introduced Species ; *Thermotolerance ; Hot Temperature ; Acclimatization ; Genetic Variation ; Stress, Physiological ; Male ; Phenotype ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Adaptation, Physiological ; },
abstract = {Temperature is a major driver of individual performance in ectotherms, with this impact depending on stressor intensity and duration. Differences in individual response across temperature, time, and populations are shaped by the interplay between evolutionary adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Some populations are able to thrive in novel and changing environments despite limited genetic diversity, raising the question of how plasticity and adaptation interact after significant genetic diversity loss. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is a textbook example of this phenomenon: invasive populations boast a broad thermal tolerance and exceptional thermal flexibility even after repeated genetic bottlenecks. Despite this loss of diversity overall, prior work has found a strong population-level association between variation at a specific extended genomic region (supergene), cold tolerance, and sea surface temperature. We conducted a series of three experiments using righting response to characterize sublethal thermal tolerance and plasticity in introduced green crab populations, then determined if these factors were associated with supergene genotype for individual adult crabs. Crabs showed signs of stress after exposure to a 30°C heat shock in one experiment. Interestingly, a second experiment exposing C. maenas to repeated 24-h heat shocks showed that prior heat shock conferred beneficial plasticity during a subsequent event. The third experiment examined cold acclimation over multiple timepoints up to 94 h. At 5°C, certain crabs exhibited an acclimatory response where righting slowed dramatically at first, and then gradually sped up after a longer period of cold exposure. Several crabs failed to right at 1.5°C, which could be indicative of dormancy employed to reduce energy consumption in colder conditions. There were no significant relationships between individual plasticity and supergene genotype in any experiment. Linking population-level genetic associations with individual-level physiology is complex, and reflects the impact of environmental conditions such as temperature throughout life history in shaping adult phenotype. Our results highlight the robust thermal tolerance and plasticity that adult green crabs maintain despite a substantial reduction in genetic diversity, and underscore the importance of probing population-level genotype-phenotype associations at the individual level.},
}
@article {pmid40671182,
year = {2025},
author = {Deepthi, S and Narsimha, K and Ashwini, K and Sandhya Rani, M and Suresh Babu, K},
title = {Healing power of Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf.: a comprehensive review of its phytochemicals, pharmacology aspects, and potential health benefits.},
journal = {Natural product research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1080/14786419.2025.2529559},
pmid = {40671182},
issn = {1478-6427},
abstract = {Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf. (Mesquite), formerly known as Prosopis juliflora (SW.)DC. an evergreen shrub or tree native to the Caribbean, South America and Mexico, is recognised as among the most destructive woody invasive species globally. Despite its invasive nature, it provides numerous beneficial products and services, such as fuelwood, charcoal, animal feed, building materials, soil preservation, and the restoration of saline soils. This review covers the most prominent findings on the phytochemical composition, pharmacological properties, and health benefits of N. juliflora (Sw.) Raf. The plant is rich in diverse phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and phenolic compounds, extracted from various parts of the plant. These phytochemicals demonstrate a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and allelopathic effects. The review underscores the potential of N. juliflora (Sw.) Raf. as a valuable source of natural compounds with therapeutic applications.},
}
@article {pmid40670703,
year = {2025},
author = {Sampath, DMR and Vina, M and Freitas, JG},
title = {An Analysis of Dune Management on the Kenfig, Culbin and Sefton Coasts in the UK Using the SWOT Framework.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {75},
number = {12},
pages = {3132-3155},
pmid = {40670703},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {802918/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; United Kingdom ; *Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Introduced Species ; Sand ; },
abstract = {The stabilization of coastal sand dunes in the 20th century led to an expansion of vegetation cover, which is considered detrimental in the United Kingdom due to the loss of habitat for native species that depend on mobile dunes. Coastal managers have recognized this as a growing concern. However, conservation priorities must be identified to manage the situation effectively. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential conservation priorities for dune habitats at Culbin (Scotland), Kenfig (Wales) and the Sefton coast (England) by undertaking a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis for each site. Variables for the analysis were identified in the context of the latest paradigm of dune management approach, which focuses on the reclamation of active dunes to enhance habitats for native biodiversity. Data was obtained from literature; analysis of environmental, demographic, land use and economic data; and satellite images. The main challenges that emerged include historical overstabilization, the spread of invasive species, the lack of bare sand areas to sustain native biodiversity, unsustainable land use (unplanned urbanization and agricultural activities), coastal erosion due to storm surges, and sea-level rise in this century. Accordingly, potential conservation priorities were determined by classifying variables of each site. These include increasing the area of bare sand, increasing the width of the beach using sand nourishments, removing invasive species, minimizing human activities to reduce dune fragmentation, minimizing coastal erosion due to storm surge and sea-level rise using nature-based solutions. Thus, an integrated sustainable dune management plan is required to implement these conservation priorities, particularly for Culbin dunes as the Cumulative SWOT Score shows that the weaknesses and threats to dunes outweigh strength and opportunities. The study approach demonstrates its robustness as a decision-making tool for sustainable dune management for restoring active dunes at each site. Thus, it can be extended to other dune sites in the UK and elsewhere to identify long-term dune management concerns and conservation priorities.},
}
@article {pmid40669185,
year = {2025},
author = {Byun, C and Singh, K and Hong, SH},
title = {High-pressure water spraying: A game changer for invasive plant control and biodiversity improvement.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {391},
number = {},
pages = {126561},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126561},
pmid = {40669185},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; *Water ; Ecosystem ; Plants ; },
abstract = {The global proliferation of invasive plant species accelerates biodiversity loss, degrading ecosystems, and incurring economic costs exceeding hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Here, we conducted a three-year field trial to evaluate the effectiveness of high-pressure water spraying a unique, selective mechanical control method compared with conventional practices like mowing, selective uprooting, and cutting. The high-pressure water control method significantly reduced the plant cover (95 %) and soil seedbank (78 %) of target invasive species i.e., Sicyos angulatus, outperforming mowing (41 % and 21 %), cutting (23 % and 7.5 %) and uprooting (24 % and 37 %) treatments. The highest (74.5 %) suppression of the secondary invader, i.e., Humulus scandens was also found in the high-pressure water control method. Early sowing of native seed mixtures with high functional diversity did not show significant effects on invasion suppression and diversity recovery, however values little higher in early sowing plots. Biodiversity levels in water spray-treated plots were comparable to those in reference ecosystems. Our findings indicate that high-pressure water spraying is a scalable control method with minimal impact on native vegetation, reducing disturbance-induced invasion and offering a practical solution for invasion management and biodiversity restoration.},
}
@article {pmid40667635,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, X and Yu, Y and Xu, F and Fu, K and Ding, X and Guo, W and Deng, J and Rao, Q},
title = {Rapid visual detection of the severely destructive invasive pest Carpomya pardalina: a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for efficient on-site diagnostics.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {10},
pages = {6901-6910},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70049},
pmid = {40667635},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//the Major Science and Technology Projects in Xinjiang, China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Introduced Species ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; *Hemiptera/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Carpomya pardalina, primarily found in certain regions of Eastern Europe, Central Asia and North Africa, is a highly serious pest that spreads rapidly. Its host plants have an extremely wide range, rendering C. pardalina highly vulnerable to long-distance spread through the import and export of agricultural products. Its invasion could have a devastating impact on relevant industries. Given the difficulty in differentiating Tephritidae pests based on morphological characteristics, a rapid and accurate molecular identification method is required to shorten the identification period of C. pardalina.<br><br>RESULTS: We have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for C. pardalina. A set of LAMP primers was designed for the COX1 gene of C. pardalina. The LAMP amplification was capable of distinguishing C. pardalina from its similar species with excellent specificity, and the reaction demonstrated remarkable sensitivity, enabling the detection of a DNA template at a concentration of 0.969&#x2009;ng/&#x3bc;L. Moreover, the amplification could be performed swiftly using the DNA extracted from crude DNA extractions as a template.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The detection can be completed within 75&#x2009;min from DNA extraction, significantly enhancing the detection speed. Meanwhile, the visualization test demands simple equipment and is easy to operate, making it suitable for use at the port front line and under field working conditions. In this study, a set of rapid and accurate techniques was established based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology for the detection of C. pardalina. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40666814,
year = {2025},
author = {Park, JS and Park, MJ and Hwang, HR and Kim, C},
title = {Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of a woody invasive species, Leucaena leucocephala in Korea.},
journal = {Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {725-730},
pmid = {40666814},
issn = {2380-2359},
abstract = {Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit 1961 (Caesalpinioideae; Fabaceae) is a shrub or small tree that has various ecological and economic usefulness. Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of L. leucocephala and analyzed its phylogenomic position in the mimosoid clade. The chloroplast genome of L. leucocephala was 167,423 bp with a pair of inverted repeats of 26,058 bp, a large single-copy region of 95,915 bp, and a small single-copy region of 19,392 bp. Genome annotation predicted 114 genes, including 80 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenomic analyses showed that Leucaena was closely related to Dichrostachys in the core mimosoid clade.},
}
@article {pmid40665871,
year = {2025},
author = {Bucking, C and Terblanche, JS and Regan, MD},
title = {The ins and outs of integrative digestive biology.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {228},
number = {14},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.250770},
pmid = {40665871},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {RGPIN-2021-03606//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2021-03109//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Digestive System Physiological Phenomena ; *Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology ; },
abstract = {The digestive system facilitates exchanges between animals and their environments. It not only converts resources into energy and growth but also shapes ecosystem processes through waste outputs, all while mediating an animal's relationship with complex microbial communities. The Special Issue: The Integrative Biology of the Gut delves into many aspects of this expansive relationship. Further, this Commentary collects the special issue papers under themes to highlight and explore the physiology of the digestive system and the plasticity that enables its acclimatization to dietary and environmental changes. The themes that have been identified portray the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as an integrative moderator of physiology, and show that when this system is explored using novel techniques or by asking innovative questions, one can reveal phenomena with applications well beyond digestive biology. Further, we discuss how embracing multidisciplinary approaches - including systems biology, evolutionary comparisons and environmental considerations - will allow us to use the unique physiology of the GI tract to form critical insights into evolved organismal biology, microbial symbioses and ecological stewardship. Ultimately, the pivotal role of the GI tract in connecting internal physiology with external ecological dynamics across taxa exemplifies its value as a model system.},
}
@article {pmid40664742,
year = {2025},
author = {Bączek, P and Łyczko, J and Twardowska, K and Iwanowski, M and Gruss, I and Twardowski, J},
title = {Antifeedant activity of invasive Prunus serotina leaves methanolic extract against Sitophilus granarius, a pest of stored products.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {25469},
pmid = {40664742},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {N0N00000/0241/24/2024//Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wroc&#x142;awiu/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Weevils/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Methanol/chemistry ; *Prunus/chemistry ; Male ; *Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Introduced Species ; *Insecticides/pharmacology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Synthetic pesticides pose a risk to the environment and human health by contaminating soil, water, and food chains. Natural plant-based alternatives offer a safer and more sustainable solution by reducing pollution, supporting biodiversity, and minimising pesticide resistance. This study evaluated the antifeedant activity of methanolic leaves extracts from invasive black cherry (Prunus serotina Erhr.) against a storage pest, the granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.). Chromatographic analysis of P. serotina leaves methanolic extracts identified 10 main phenolic compounds, with ursolic acid, p-coumaric acid o-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid exceeding 10%. LC-MS/MS analysis detected 12 compounds above the limit of quantification (LOQ), with luteolin-7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid at the highest concentrations. The antifeedant activity of P. serotina leaves methanolic extract was tested using the wheat wafer method, showing medium antifeedant effects at all extract concentrations (3.5, 5.0, and 12.0 mg/mL). Both males and females fed significantly less extract-treated wafers, with the inhibition of female feeding being stronger at 12.0 mg/ml. The extracts of P. serotina effectively discourage feeding of S. granarius, and the potency increases with concentration. Their flavonoids, phenolic acids, and cyanogenic glycosides suggest a complex mode of action, making them a promising natural alternative to synthetic insecticides. Further research should isolate key active compounds and evaluate their efficacy as botanical pesticides.},
}
@article {pmid40664507,
year = {2025},
author = {Muliyar Krishna, R and Maruthakasi, S and Arulappan, J and Kasargodu Raghava, L and Abdulla Abdulla, S and Budhwar, R and Kumar Oraon, P and Das, A and Prasad, TSK},
title = {The Genome Sequence of the Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin): Insights on Biology of an Invasive Agricultural Insect Pest and Implications for Pest Control.},
journal = {Omics : a journal of integrative biology},
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {394-403},
doi = {10.1177/15578100251359300},
pmid = {40664507},
issn = {1557-8100},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/genetics ; *Genome, Insect ; Introduced Species ; Pest Control ; },
abstract = {The Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (RSW) (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin), a pest native to Central America, infests coconut palms and has been introduced to other regions of the world including North America (e.g., Florida) and Southeast Asia. In India, RSW was first reported in 2016, and rapidly expanded to multiple states nationwide. Currently, RSW has growing global relevance as an agricultural insect pest. In addition to coconut, the RSW exhibits a broad host range, causing damage to various palms, fruit crops such as guava, vegetables, and ornamental shrubs. In this study, we present a high-quality draft genome assembly for this insect pest, generated using Pacific Bioscience long-read HiFi sequencing. The assembled genome spans 1.10 Gb, with a contig N50 value of 10.23 Mb. Approximately 521 Mb of sequences, accounting for 47.30% of the genome, were identified as repeat elements. The assembly includes 35,884 predicted coding sequences and exhibits high completeness, with 98.4% of Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs genes recovered for the core insect gene set. The sequencing of the RSW genome offers valuable insights into the biology of one of the most significant and pervasive agricultural pests. The expansion of gene families associated with insecticide resistance may indicate this pest's ability to metabolize selective insecticides. These data have the potential to greatly enhance strategies for managing the RSW insect population size and limiting its invasive capacity for pest control. Additionally, the genome provides a foundation for comparative studies of whitefly genomes, and possibly informing the future design and development of novel insecticides.},
}
@article {pmid40662907,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, G and Ragozzino, M and Holthouse, MC and Mills, M and Celis, JL and Johnson, S and Crowder, DW},
title = {Ecological niche modeling and potential dispersal of emerald ash borer in the Pacific Northwest.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2404-2411},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf175},
pmid = {40662907},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//Oregon Department of Agriculture/ ; //Oregon Department of Forestry/ ; //Oregon/Washington Bureau of Land Management/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Oregon ; *Ecosystem ; *Animal Distribution ; British Columbia ; Fraxinus/growth &amp; development ; Models, Biological ; Introduced Species ; Northwestern United States ; },
abstract = {The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a notorious invasive pest that can devastate ash trees, Fraxinus spp. L., and embedded communities. While emerald ash borer is established in eastern North America, it was recently detected in Forest Grove, Oregon and in Vancouver, British Columbia, raising concerns that it may spread across the Pacific Northwest riparian ecosystems dominated by ash. A quarantine zone has been established in Oregon, but future mitigation depends on assessing the spread to new regions. Here, we used habitat suitability models and dispersal simulations to predict the potential spread of emerald ash borer. Specifically, we compared climate spaces occupied by Oregon and British Columbia populations with other native and introduced populations, and then used habitat suitability models and dispersal simulations to predict future distributions. We show that the newly established Oregon and British Columbia populations currently occupy relatively narrow climate niche, and many suitable niche spaces are unoccupied in the Pacific Northwest, indicating potential for range expansion. We also show there are vast areas of suitable habitat that extend south of the present quarantine zone throughout inland western Oregon and north into Washington. In Vancouver, the most suitable habitat was found along the Fraser River, where emerald ash borer could disperse inland. Dispersal models suggest that, without intervention, emerald ash borer could disperse into Washington within 2 yr, throughout western Oregon in 15 yr, and reach California in 20 yr. Our work supports intensive quarantine efforts for emerald ash borer and identifies areas where monitoring and management efforts should focus.},
}
@article {pmid40661913,
year = {2025},
author = {Ren, QJ and Li, KH and Wang, HF and Liu, YY and Gong, YM},
title = {Opposing Effects of Plant Invasion on the Stability of Aboveground and Belowground Net Primary Productivity in an Alpine Grassland.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e71730},
pmid = {40661913},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Plant invasion significantly disrupts plant community structure and ecosystem functioning, especially the stability of net primary productivity (NPP). However, evidence remains scarce regarding how invasion affects NPP stability at both community and ecosystem levels, particularly whether these effects are consistent between aboveground and belowground systems. Here, we investigated the responses of the stability of both aboveground and belowground NPP (ANPP and BNPP) to the invasion of the parasitic plant Pedicularis kansuensis, based on a two-year manipulative experiment in an alpine grassland in northwest China. Invasion decreased ANPP resistance while increasing its recovery and conversely increased BNPP resistance but decreased its recovery. Notably, the asymmetric responses of ANPP and BNPP to invasion underscored the complexity of grassland ecosystems and highlighted the critical role of belowground processes in maintaining ecosystem recovery. Species asynchrony and richness were key factors for ANPP stability, whereas BNPP stability was more directly influenced by invasive species, contributing more significantly to overall NPP stability. Our findings provide crucial evidence that the stability of aboveground and belowground components responds asymmetrically to invasion, emphasizing the need for future comprehensive assessments of both dimensions in ecosystem studies. The insights gained underline the importance of belowground stability for sustaining ecosystem recovery and offer guidance for ecological management and conservation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40661908,
year = {2025},
author = {Lardner, B and Cade, BS and Savidge, JA and Rodda, GH and Reed, RN and Yackel Adams, AA},
title = {Growth Rate Variation in Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis): An Invasive Species of Conservation Concern.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e71695},
pmid = {40661908},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Somatic growth rate is a fundamental trait that influences metabolism, lifespan and reproductive maturity and is critical for understanding population dynamics and informing management actions. Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) introduced to Guam are highly invasive and can reproduce year-round without discrete cohorts. We compared snake size trajectories described by the conventionally used von Bertalanffy growth function versus the Gompertz model. Using quantile regression with a regularized effect for individual snakes we modeled growth rates of 270 marked, wild snakes as a function of size. The Gompertz model explained more of the variation in growth and rendered more realistic predictions of asymptotic sizes than did the von Bertalanffy model. With the Gompertz model, growth rates were 1.05-1.16× faster in males than in females. Females reached asymptotic sizes at shorter snout-vent lengths than males. Growth rate was positively correlated with amount of precipitation, and modeling wet-dry seasonality on Guam as a sinusoidal function identified a growth peak in September-October. Effects of seasonality and precipitation, however, were minor compared to individual and sex related differences in size-adjusted growth rates. We estimated that the 50th (and 5th, 95th) growth-rate percentile males in our study population become sexually mature at an age of 33 (∞, 15) months, while females mature at 41 (∞, 18) months, where ∞ indicates that the slowest growing snakes never reach maturity. However, 50% of the snakes mature at a size below the median, and age at maturity may be as low as 10.4 (males) and 13.7 (females) months for average-sized hatchlings that grow fast. Our results have implications for the timing of management options for this species and our approach can be broadly applied to animals where repeated growth data are obtained and age is unknown.},
}
@article {pmid40661765,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiao, H and Liao, D and Zhang, S and Zhang, Y and Rehab, OE and Zeng, J and Yan, X and Su, Q and Zhou, B},
title = {Differences in responses of invasive and native plants to climate change: a case study of Bidens (Asteracea) from China.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1583552},
pmid = {40661765},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Global warming has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges. Concurrently, plant invasion has been exacerbated by ongoing climate change, posing a severe ecological threat. This study investigates the distribution patterns of both invasive and native species within the Bidens genus and their responses to projected climate change. The MaxEnt model, was used to predict the potential distribution ranges under both current and future climate conditions. The results showed a distinct difference in suitable area distributions between invasive and native species. Under future climate scenarios, most studied species (except B. pilosa, B. maximowicziana, and B. radiata) showed an expansion in their suitable habitats. Notably, we observed a latitudinal migration pattern in Bidens species distribution, with invasive species primarily influenced by precipitation during the warmest quarter, while native species were more affected by anthropogenic factors. These results underscore the need for enhanced public awareness of invasion risks and the establishment of dedicated protection zones for both invasive and native species. This study provides critical insights into the potential distribution patterns of Bidens species under climate change. It also, offers valuable scientific support for development of invasive species management strategies and native species conservation mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid40660926,
year = {2025},
author = {Baldwin, AK and Murray, EM and Zinsser, LM and King, TV and Ducar, SD and Southern, I and Thom, TA and Mebane, CA},
title = {Fate and effects to the benthic community of a copper treatment to eradicate invasive mussels in a large western river, USA.},
journal = {Environmental toxicology and chemistry},
volume = {44},
number = {8},
pages = {2166-2180},
doi = {10.1093/etojnl/vgaf119},
pmid = {40660926},
issn = {1552-8618},
support = {//U.S. Geological Survey Northwest-Pacific Islands Region/ ; //Idaho Department of Environmental Quality/ ; //Geological Survey Northwest-Pacific Islands Region/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey/ ; //U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Copper/toxicity/analysis ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity/analysis ; Rivers/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; *Bivalvia/drug effects ; Invertebrates/drug effects ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Environmental Monitoring ; United States ; },
abstract = {Copper-based chemical treatments are commonly used to eradicate invasive mussels in small ponds and lakes, but their use in large rivers has been limited. In 2023, in response to a detection of invasive quagga mussels, a 10-km reach of the Snake River (Idaho, USA), was treated with an unprecedented 19,300 kg of chelated copper molluscicide to a target concentration of 1,000 µg/L for 10 days. We assessed the transport and fate of the copper and its exposure and effects on the nontarget benthic community downstream. Water samples were collected at seven locations throughout the treatment period, and sediment, periphyton, and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected pre- and posttreatment. Nearly half of the original mass of copper was removed from the water column via sedimentation, sorption to algae, or biological uptake within the 10-km treatment reach and the first 15 km downstream. Even so, dissolved copper concentrations exceeded the acute toxicity threshold at least as far as 28 km downstream for more than 2 weeks. Sediment copper increased by up to 8.3-fold, exceeding the consensus-based sediment quality threshold effect concentration at several sites. Effects on benthic macroinvertebrates varied by taxa. From 0-28 km downstream, invertebrate abundances decreased 52%-94%, with gastropods among the most affected. Of the unique taxa present at these sites pretreatment, 52%-64% were not found posttreatment but were replaced by other taxa, indicating a reorganization of the base of the food web. Additionally, from 0-15 km downstream, the percentage of individuals from tolerant taxa increased two to15-fold. Findings from this study can help watershed managers plan future invasive mussel responses while protecting culturally, economically, and ecologically important nontarget species in large rivers.},
}
@article {pmid40660117,
year = {2025},
author = {Tobe, A and Sato, Y and Kondo, M and Onuma, M and Inoue-Murayama, M},
title = {Evolutionary insights into Na[+]/K[+]-ATPase-mediated toxin resistance in the Crested Serpent-eagle preying on introduced cane toads in Okinawa, Japan.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {70},
pmid = {40660117},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {JPMJSP2110//Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; JPMEERF20244M01//Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/genetics ; Japan ; *Eagles/genetics/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Bufo marinus/physiology ; Predatory Behavior ; *Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Prey species often develop toxic chemical defenses against predators, prompting predators to evolve traits that counteract these toxins. A prime example of this evolutionary arms race involves resistance to lethal cardiotonic steroids, which is associated with specific amino acid mutations in the α-subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase (ATP1A) across diverse predator species. The Japanese Crested Serpent-eagle (Spilornis cheela perplexus), which is endemic to the adjacent islands of Ishigaki and Iriomote in Okinawa, provides an intriguing example of this convergent evolution. This eagle preys on cane toads (Rhinella marina), an invasive species anthropogenically introduced only to Ishigaki Island, which defends itself by secreting cardiotonic steroids. Notably, no native prey species of the Crested Serpent-eagle on Ishigaki or Iriomote Island secrete cardiotonic steroids as a defense mechanism. To investigate the genetic and evolutionary background of potential toxin resistance in this eagle, we analyzed the genetic population structure and ATP1A gene sequences from individuals on Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands, as well as from the subspecies population on Simeulue Island, Indonesia. Whole-genome analysis revealed significant genetic isolation among the three island populations. However, the amino acid sequences of ATP1A paralogs were identical across all populations. Notably, the Q111E amino acid mutation in ATP1A1, which is associated with toxin resistance in other species, was detected in this eagle. A comparative analysis of ATP1A amino acid sequences across nine raptor species revealed that the Crested Serpent-eagle and Black-chested Snake Eagle (Circaetus pectoralis), both of which belong to the subfamily Circaetinae, share similar sequences that are distinct from those of other raptors. These findings indicate that possible lineage-specific adaptations in ATP1A provide the Crested Serpent-eagle with resistance to cardiotonic steroids. The conservation of this adaptive gene within species might have origins unrelated to the recent distribution of cardiotonic steroid-secreting prey but has coincidentally enabled the Crested Serpent-eagle on Ishigaki Island to prey on invasive species introduced by humans.},
}
@article {pmid40660041,
year = {2025},
author = {Sithole, H and Motitsoe, SN and Mutshekwa, T and Mlambo, MC},
title = {Unravelling the long-term river health status of Kruger National Park Rivers using macroinvertebrate-based monitoring.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {8},
pages = {914},
pmid = {40660041},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Rivers/chemistry ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Invertebrates ; Animals ; South Africa ; Parks, Recreational ; Ecosystem ; Water Quality ; Biodiversity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; },
abstract = {The burgeoning population growth and landscape developments over the last decades have had a profound effect on natural resources including riverine water quality and quantity. This resulted in increased pollution events, loss of aquatic biodiversity and the introduction of alien invasive species, which cumulatively have transformed freshwater ecosystem structure, processes and functions. Macroinvertebrate-based biomonitoring, like the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5), is a fast and effective way to assess water and habitat quality. However, studies reporting long-term biomonitoring are rare in many Global South systems. Also, river health within protected areas is generally regarded better than those outside, with the park potentially offering refugium and ideal conditions for rivers to recover. However, Kruger National Park (KNP) rivers get impacted by mining and domestic sewage upstream, before entering the park, and it is not clear how much remediation happens as the rivers flows downstream within the park. The current study was initiated to investigate the long-term river health status of four major river systems flowing across the iconic KNP, using SASS5 biomonitoring and selected physico-chemical parameters. Our results showed that SASS5 indices showed difference in their sensitive to anthropogenic impacts, both in space and time. Long-term dataset revealed that the ability of the rivers to recover from poor to good quality (and vice versa) was quite rapid, and also some rivers were progressively declining (e.g. Olifants and Crocodile rivers) while others were improving (e.g. Luvuvhu and Sabie rivers). Consequently, SASS5 appeared to be a useful tool in assessing the long-term health of KNP rivers, providing valuable insights into the overall ecological conditions and water quality of these important aquatic ecosystems that will assist in the park water resource management strategies. Further, our results demonstrated high sensitivity and quick response of macroinvertebrates to disturbance, and an improvement potential as the rivers transversed the park.},
}
@article {pmid40659997,
year = {2025},
author = {Chongloi, V and Gogoi, PP and Sangma, SR and Sinha, UB and Bora, P and Phukan, MM},
title = {Antioxidant, antimicrobial and in silico investigations on pyrolytic bio-oil from invasive Stachytarpheta jamaicensis.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {32},
number = {30},
pages = {18260-18277},
pmid = {40659997},
issn = {1614-7499},
mesh = {*Antioxidants ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Candida albicans/drug effects ; Biomass ; Introduced Species ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Pyrolysis ; Computer Simulation ; Plant Oils ; Polyphenols ; },
abstract = {Bio-oils, obtained from thermochemical conversion of invasive species (IS) biomass, require in-depth research and analysis to access its bioactive compounds with therapeutic value. Therefore, sustainable biomass valorization, chemical characterization, bioactive assays and in silico drug discovery formed part of the present investigation on the bio-oil derived from the entire shrub of invasive Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. The thermochemical conversion of biomass was initiated by pyrolysis ranging from ambient to 700 °C, at a heating rate of 30 °C/min. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated a rapid degradation profile of the biomass. Spectroscopic analyses identified a diverse array of organic compounds including aliphatics, aromatics, aldehydes, ketones and phenols that endorsed its valuable chemical feedstock potential. The bio-oil displayed strong antioxidant potential by neutralizing free radicals with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 232.42 ± 1.1 µg/ml, and potent antimicrobial activity with the highest zone of inhibition of 19.48 ± 0.8 mm against Candida albicans. This may be attributed to the complex spectrum of bioactive compounds in the bio-oil, highlighting its candidature for pharmaceutical applications. Molecular docking studies further identified key bioactive ligands including 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxytoluene and phenol, 2-methoxy- that mirrored notable binding affinities to well-established breast cancer therapeutics such as anastrozole and letrozole. The integration of appropriate bioresource utilization, bioactive profiling and bio-oil application strongly affirmed the potential for therapeutic breakthroughs and futuristic drug discovery from repurposed invasive species biomass.},
}
@article {pmid40654299,
year = {2025},
author = {Duval, BD and Carabotta, E and de Tomas-Marin, S and Lightfoot, DC},
title = {Coincident shifts in riparian ground-active arthropod diversity and soil nutrients under an introduced symbiotic N2-fixing tree.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {4},
pages = {773-789},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf025},
pmid = {40654299},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//New Mexico Game and Fish/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Arthropods/physiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Biodiversity ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Olea/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing plants such as Russian olive can significantly impact soil chemistry and invertebrate biodiversity in riparian ecosystems. Here, the effects of Russian olive on soil chemical properties and invertebrate communities in riparian zones of the southwestern United States were investigated. Russian olive stands were compared to native cottonwood stands and restoration sites by analyzing soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and moisture levels, and arthropod diversity and abundance. Sites where Russian olive is present led to a net increase in soil nitrogen, a decrease in soil phosphorus, and greater soil moisture compared to both native cottonwood stands and restoration sites. Native cottonwood stands showed lower soil N and higher P levels, as well as higher arthropod diversity. This increased diversity could be linked to the soil's nutrient stoichiometry, as there is a negative correlation between taxonomic diversity and the soil N:P ratio. Moreover, there was a greater abundance of detritivorous arthropods in Russian olive stands compared to native vegetation. Soil nitrate (NO3-) levels showed a strong positive correlation with detritivorous arthropod abundance (r2 = 0.98), but only a moderate correlation with herbivores (r2 = 0.38), and NO3- was unrelated to predator abundance (r2 = 0.01). These results suggest that Russian olive stands can alter soil chemistry in ways that disproportionately benefit detritivores, potentially disrupting the balance of arthropod communities and reducing overall biodiversity in riparian ecosystems. The study underscores the need for careful management of invasive, symbiotic N2-fixing plant species to preserve the ecological integrity of riparian habitats.},
}
@article {pmid40654182,
year = {2025},
author = {Zurápiti, Y and Kass, JM and Guénard, B and Economo, EP},
title = {Forecasting alien species establishment and source regions: Quantitative assessment of potential ant invasions in Japan.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {e70071},
pmid = {40654182},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University/ ; JPMEERF20234G01//Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency/ ; KAKENHI 20F20774//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 2021/17121922//University Grants Committee/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Japan ; *Ants/physiology ; Animals ; *Animal Distribution ; Models, Biological ; Forecasting ; },
abstract = {Due to the costs and difficulties of mitigating past biological invasions, there is a critical need for improved predictions of establishment risk for alien species and their source regions to guide the deployment of preventive measures. Here, focusing on a global pool of ant species known to be spread by humans, we develop a computational workflow to predict threats for a country or region of interest. Specifically, the workflow (1) predicts which alien species are most likely to be established based on climatic suitability with species distribution models, (2) clusters areas threatened by similar assemblages of alien species, and (3) identifies global regions that can act as important sources for these species. We apply this workflow to estimate which ants with human-assisted invasion histories around the globe may establish in Japan, an island country with broad climatic and topographic diversity. To reduce forecast uncertainty, we exclude models that we assess to result in dubious transfers based on evaluations of species already established in Japan and avoid making model extrapolations. To better account for the full invasion process, we also estimate introduction risk and spread within Japan and integrate these with our establishment risk and potential sources estimates. Our results indicate that all prefectures of Japan have potential risks of new alien ant establishments, though lower latitudes and small archipelagoes have the highest predicted vulnerability. When combined with the likelihood of spread, we expect shifts in vulnerability toward highly populated areas and in proximity to international ports. Interestingly, the source regions with the most alien species presenting establishment threats are in southern Europe and the subtropical Americas rather than in Asia, in part because many Asian species have already been introduced to Japan. When considering introduction risk based on global trade patterns, the United States was most likely to be a source of future introductions. We discuss the implications of these results for global management policies and cargo surveillance. The workflow described here can be deployed worldwide for different taxa to predict the establishment potential of alien invasions and their sources, and also to design more practical and efficient preventive strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40653227,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Q and Li, MM and Li, BL and Wu, JX and Wu, YT and Xu, XL},
title = {RNAi mediated silencing of ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors (ETHRs) disrupts olfaction behaviours in Mythimna separata (Lepidotera: Noctuidae).},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {320},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {145935},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145935},
pmid = {40653227},
issn = {1879-0003},
mesh = {Animals ; *RNA Interference ; Female ; Male ; *Smell/genetics ; *Moths/genetics/physiology ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; Arthropod Antennae/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors (ETHRs), a class of G protein-coupled receptors, play vital roles in insect ecdysis, reproduction, and courtship. Mythimna separata (armyworm) (Lepidotera: Noctuidae) is a devastating pest of major grain crops. In armyworm, MsepETHR-A and MsepETHR-B are consistently expressed in the adult antennae of both sexes. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation confirmed that both receptors were localised in cells underlying the sensilla trichodea on the antennae. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of MsepETHR-A and MsepETHR-B downregulated their respective gene expressions. Functional studies revealed that females injected with dsETHR-B showed significantly reduced electroantennogram (EAG) responses to esters, aldehydes, and alcohols. Yet the reactions of females injected with dsETHR-A to 25 host-plant volatiles were not significantly different from the controls. Notably, males injected with dsETHR-A and dsETHR-B showed significantly reduced EAG responses to the sex pheromone component (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16: Ald) as well as to multiple host-plant volatiles. Behavioural assays in dual-choice arenas further demonstrated that males displayed significantly reduced olfactory attraction to Z11-16: Ald after silencing MsepETHR-A and MsepETHR-B, respectively. The results not only broaden the understanding of the olfactory mechanism of Lepidoptera but also provide a potential molecular target for developing pest management strategies against M. separata.},
}
@article {pmid40652457,
year = {2025},
author = {Dunham, K and Geller, K and Sanders, M and Partridge, C},
title = {Assessing the use of 3D-printed traps to evaluate Hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) infestation levels.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {6},
pages = {2971-2982},
pmid = {40652457},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {PSB-IS21-0303-040//Michigan Invasive Species Grant Program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Insect Control/instrumentation/methods ; Michigan ; *Hemiptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Tsuga ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annaand), is an invasive insect that has devastated millions of eastern hemlocks, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, in eastern North America since the 1950s. In Michigan, Hemlock woolly adelgid was first detected in 2015 and has spread to several counties in west Michigan. Conservation practitioners are managing Hemlock woolly adelgid through a statewide, landscape-level pesticide management plan. The traditional method of using randomized branch sampling to estimate infestation levels is time-consuming but allows managers to monitor how Hemlock woolly adelgid responds to treatments. Our main objective was to determine if alternative sampling techniques produce data that is equivalent to field methods, such as randomized branch sampling, for estimating infestation levels. We selected 6 treated sites and 3 untreated sites in west Michigan. During the fall and winter of 2022, we estimated the densities of the sistens generation using a randomized branch sampling method, and during the summer of 2023, we deployed 5 traps at each site to capture adelgid crawlers and performed qPCR analysis to quantify Hemlock woolly adelgid DNA. To determine if trap data could be used as a method to assess Hemlock woolly adelgid infestation levels, we evaluated the relationships between (i) crawler counts and qPCR values (gene copies/reaction), (ii) sistens counts and qPCR values, and (iii) sistens counts and crawler counts. We found that trap data (ie qPCR values and adelgid crawler counts) had comparable correlations with traditional methods, particularly during the peak crawler period. However, the strength of these relationships is influenced by factors such as infestation level and temporal variation.},
}
@article {pmid40650889,
year = {2025},
author = {Payseur, BA and Jing, P and Howell, EK and Frayer, ME and Jones, EP and Magnussen, E and Jensen, JK and Chan, YF and Searle, JB},
title = {Population Genomics of Giant Mice from the Faroe Islands: Hybridization, Colonization, and a Novel Challenge to Identifying Genomic Targets of Selection.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40650889},
issn = {1759-6653},
support = {R01 GM100426/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; T32GM007133//University of Wisconsin-Madison/ ; R01GM100426/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM007133/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R35GM139412/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM139412/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Mice/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Islands ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Norway ; Genome ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetics, Population ; },
abstract = {Populations that colonize islands provide unique insights into demography, adaptation, and the spread of invasive species. House mice on the Faroe Islands evolved exceptionally large bodies after colonization, generating longstanding interest from biologists. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of these mice, we sequenced genomes of population samples from three Faroe Islands (Sandoy, Nólsoy, and Mykines) and Norway as a mainland comparison. Mice from the Faroe Islands are hybrids between the subspecies Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus, with ancestry alternating along the genome. Analyses based on the site frequency spectrum of single nucleotide polymorphisms and the ancestral recombination graph (ARG) indicate that mice arrived on the Faroe Islands on a timescale consistent with transport by Norwegian Vikings, with colonization of Sandoy likely preceding colonization of Nólsoy. Substantial reductions in nucleotide diversity and effective population size associated with colonization suggest that mice on the Faroe Islands evolved large body size during periods of heightened genetic drift. Genomic scans for positive selection uncover windows with unusual site frequency spectra, but this pattern is mostly generated by clusters of singletons in individual mice. Three genomic regions show evidence for selection on islands based on the ARG, including variants located in transcription factor binding sites. Our findings reveal a dynamic evolutionary history for the enigmatic mice from Faroe Island and emphasize the challenges that accompany population genomic inferences in island populations.},
}
@article {pmid40650499,
year = {2025},
author = {Bekkevold, D and Glover, KA and Jimenez-Mena, B and Besnier, F and Nielsen, EE},
title = {Genetic Recovery of Two Wild Seatrout Populations Following Long-Term Stocking With Non-Native Conspecifics.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {17},
pages = {e70036},
pmid = {40650499},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {AQUATRACE n.311920//Seventh Framework Programme/ ; //Danish Rod and Net Fishing License Funds/ ; BlueBioClimate (20360831)//European Regional Development Fund Interreg &#xd6;resund-Kattegat- Skagerrak/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Genetics, Population ; *Trout/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Denmark ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Selection, Genetic ; Rivers ; Genotype ; *Genetic Introgression ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Predicting the long-term impact of releases and introgression from non-native strains into wild populations remains an important conservation issue, particularly in fishes where stocking and aquaculture escapes have led to widespread genetic admixture between wild and cultured conspecifics. Here, we investigated the genetic response of two wild sea trout, Salmo trutta L., populations following long-term stocking programmes with non-native conspecifics. This included temporal sampling spanning 23 years and genome-wide SNP data from two neighbouring Danish rivers that from the 1970's to 1990's were heavily stocked with partially domesticated, non-local hatchery strains. To estimate wild-hatchery admixture we analysed 3656 SNPs in 195 wild-caught fish, 74 hatchery strain fish, and expanded collections temporally by analysing a subset 288 SNPs in 489 additional fish. Admixture estimates decreased from 46% to 62% input from the stocked strains to 25% seven generations after the last stocking. Introgression varied across the genome, indicative of selection for and against specific hatchery gene variants under wild conditions. For the first time in trout, strong temporal allele frequency changes were observed in a gene region harbouring the maturation gene six6 likely associated with divergent selection on age-at-maturity under hatchery versus wild conditions. The two populations showed low overlap between SNPs identified as under negative (or purifying) selection. Results point to selection against hatchery fish and partial recovery of both populations but also emphasise the role of local dynamics in shaping genetic responses to anthropogenic pressure and support the notion that introgression is likely to incur long-lasting changes to the genetic make-up of wild populations.},
}
@article {pmid40650360,
year = {2025},
author = {Laufer, G and Gobel, N and Alcántara, I and Kacevas, N and Cortizas, S},
title = {Effects of biological invasions and habitat degradation on amphibian populations in Cerro Largo, Uruguay.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {e70107},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.70107},
pmid = {40650360},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {FMV_3_2020_1_162548//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Uruguay ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Rana catesbeiana/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; Population Dynamics ; Ponds ; },
abstract = {Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrates globally due to a range of stressors. In this study spanning 11 years and covering 61 Pampas ponds in Cerro Largo Department, Uruguay, we aimed to evaluate the combined effect of the invasion of the American bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeiana) and the loss of environmental heterogeneity on native anuran assemblages. We conducted annual breeding season sampling for which we recorded native anuran species presences and abundances across different ponds. Additionally, we documented bullfrog invasion history and abundance and key environmental and climatic variables. We measured pond heterogeneity, which is influenced by variations in livestock grazing intensity and historical human use of native forests. We used generalized linear mixed models to predict richness and abundance of native anurans. We recorded 18 native amphibian species across the ponds, with declines in both richness and abundance as bullfrog invasion intensified. Models showed that ponds could lose up to 40% of amphibian species and 50% of amphibian abundance within 10 years of bullfrog invasion. Although environmental heterogeneity, particularly microhabitat edge diversity, attenuates these impacts, it is insufficient to halt this process. Among the most affected native anuran species were 3 highly aquatic-associated species. Our results highlight stressor effects across a broad spatiotemporal scale through an integrative approach, which we recommend for future research. Our findings underscore the threat of invasions to amphibian conservation. By examining the combined impacts of biological invasions and environmental heterogeneity, we have advanced understanding of how global change drives amphibian declines. Urgent control measures are needed to eradicate and prevent invasions in amphibian breeding sites and to preserve and restore these habitats, the focus of which should be microhabitat diversity.},
}
@article {pmid40648061,
year = {2025},
author = {Kornienko, V and Reuckaya, V and Shkirenko, A and Meskhi, B and Olshevskaya, A and Odabashyan, M and Shevchenko, V and Teplyakova, S},
title = {Silvicultural and Ecological Characteristics of Populus bolleana Lauche as a Key Introduced Species in the Urban Dendroflora of Industrial Cities.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {40648061},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {In this work, we evaluated the silvicultural and ecological parameters of Populus bolleana Lauche trees growing in conditions of anthropogenic pollution, using the example of one of the largest megacities of the Donetsk ridge, the city of Donetsk. The objectives of this study included determining the level of anthropogenic load of the territory; conducting dendrological studies to assess morphometric and allometric parameters, age structure, and condition of P. bolleana stands under the influence of environmental factors; as well as completing biomechanical studies to assess and predict the mechanical stability of stands. A total of 1109 plants growing in areas with increased anthropogenic load and in the control areas were studied. The model territories of the study were located in the city of Donetsk on Fallen Communards Avenue (length of field routes: 2.6 km) and Ilyicha Avenue (length of field routes: 9.7 km). Control plantings grew on the territory of the Donetsk botanical garden and residential (dormitory) districts of the city. The age structure of P. bolleana plantations remained uniform throughout the city for 50-55 years due to the fact that the landscaping was under a single state program. In the steppe zone in the south of the East European Plain, with a high level of anthropogenic load and severe natural climatic factors, the critical age of P. bolleana (55 years) was determined. The condition of plantations and their morphometric indices correlate with the level of anthropogenic load of the city (H, Dbase, DBH). Under control conditions, the plants are in good condition with signs of weakening (2 points). Under conditions of increased anthropogenic load, the plants are in a severely weakened condition (3 points). A total of 25% of the plants in the sample are in critical condition (4-5 points). The main damages to the crowns and trunks of plants include core rot, mechanical damage to bark and tissues, the development of core rot through the affected skeletal branch, crown thinning, and drying. P. bolleana trees are valued for their crown area and ability to retain dust particles from the air. The analysis of experimentally obtained data on the crown area showed that in the initial phases of ontogenesis, the average deviation in the crown area of plants does not depend on the place of growth. Due to artificial narrowing and sanitary pruning of the crown, as well as skeletal branches dying along the busiest highways, the values do not exceed 22-23 m[2] on average, with an allometric coefficient of 0.35-0.37. When comparing this coefficient in the control areas, the crown area in areas with a high level of anthropogenic load is 36 ± 11% lower. For trees growing under the conditions of the anthropogenic load of an industrial city and having reached the critical age, mechanical resistance varied depending on the study area and load level. At sites with a high level of pollution of the territory, a significant decrease in indicators was revealed in comparison with the control (mcr-71%, EI-75%, RRB-43%). Having analyzed all the obtained data, we can conclude that, until the age of 50-55 years, P. bolleana retains good viability, mechanical resistance, and general allometric ratios, upon which the stability of the whole plant depends. Even with modern approaches and tendencies toward landscaping with exotic introductions, it is necessary to keep P. bolleana as the main species in dendrobanocenoses.},
}
@article {pmid40647990,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, S and Deng, Z},
title = {Analysis of a Potentially Suitable Habitat for Solanum aculeatissimum in Southwest China Under Climate Change Scenarios.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {40647990},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {grant number:32360395//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202202AD080010//Major scientific and technological projects of Yunnan Province&#xff1a;Research on Key Tech-nologies of ecological environment monitoring and intelligent management of natural re-sources in Yunnan/ ; },
abstract = {Solanum aculeatissimum is a herbaceous to semi-woody perennial plant native to the Brazilian ecosystem. It has naturalized extensively in southwestern China, posing significant threats to local biodiversity. This study systematically screened and integrated 100 distribution records from authoritative databases, including the Chinese Virtual Plant Specimen Database, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and Chinese Natural Museums. Additionally, 23 environmental variables were incorporated, comprising 19 bioclimatic factors from the World Climate Dataset, 3 topographic indicators, and the Human Footprint Index. The objectives of this research are as follows: (1) to simulate the plant's current and future distribution (2050s/2070s) under CMIP6 scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5); (2) to quantify changes in the distribution range; and (3) to determine the migration trajectory using MaxEnt 3.4.4 software. The findings reveal that human pressure (contributing 79.7%) and isothermality (bioclimatic factor 3: 10.1%) are the primary driving forces shaping its distribution. The core suitable habitats are predominantly concentrated in the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. By 2070, the distribution center shifts northeastward to Qujing City. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the invasion front extends into southern Tibet, while retreat occurs in the lowlands of Honghe Prefecture. This study underscores the synergistic effects of socioeconomic development pathways and bioclimatic thresholds on invasive species' biogeographical patterns, providing a robust predictive framework for adaptive management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40647980,
year = {2025},
author = {Anas, M and Khan, IU and Zhang, RK and Qi, SS and Dai, ZC and Du, DL},
title = {Interactive Effect of Microplastics and Fungal Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani on Antioxidative Mechanism and Fluorescence Activity of Invasive Species Solidago canadensis.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {40647980},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2023ZB861//Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Post Doctoral Talent/ ; },
abstract = {Microplastics and invasive species, driven by anthropogenic activities, significantly disrupt ecosystems and microbial communities. This study investigated the interactive effects of biodegradable microplastics (polylactic acid, or PLA, and polyhydroxyalkanoates, or PHAs) and the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani on the invasive plant Solidago canadensis. One plant of Solidago canadensis/pot was cultivated in forest soil amended with 1% (w/w) microplastics and/or R. solani. PLA exhibited greater toxicity than PHAs, reducing the plant height, root length, and biomass by 68%, 44%, and 70%, respectively. Microplastics impaired the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II more severely than R. solani. However, S. canadensis demonstrated adaptive antioxidative and extracellular enzymatic mechanisms under combined stresses. A heatmap analysis revealed a positive correlation between PHAs and plant growth traits, while a redundancy analysis explained the 15.96% and 4.19% variability for the first two components (r[2] = 0.95). A structural equation model indicated the negative effects of morphology and physiology on biomass (β = -1.694 and β = -0.932; p < 0.001), countered by positive antioxidant contributions (β = 1.296; p < 0.001). These findings highlight complex interactions among microplastics, pathogens, and invasive species, offering insights into ecological management strategies under dual environmental pressures. Future studies should assess the long-term field effects and microbial mediation of these interactions.},
}
@article {pmid40647104,
year = {2025},
author = {Kotsiri, M and Kogiannou, D and Nikoloudaki, C and Kleidas, I and Dogrammatzi, A and Karachle, PK and Grigorakis, K},
title = {Seasonal Variation in Nutritional Value and Technical Quality of Lionfish (Pterois miles) from the Ionian and Aegean Seas.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {40647104},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {MIS: 5049511//NRSF 2017-2020/ ; },
abstract = {Lionfish (Pterois miles), an invasive species in the Mediterranean, pose ecological and socioeconomic challenges. This study examines the seasonal variation in the nutritional composition and technical quality of lionfish from the Ionian and Aegean Seas, evaluating their potential as a food resource. Fillets were high in protein (19.4%) and low in fat (2.0%), with significant seasonal differences in the Ionian Sea, where winter samples had higher lipid content. The fillet yield (28.4%) was satisfactory given the fish's morphology. Fatty acid analysis confirmed lionfish as a valuable source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with EPA + DHA levels exceeding the recommended daily intake (119.2%). Seasonal variations in fatty acid composition were observed, including higher EPA in autumn and lower lipid nutritional quality in summer. Arachidonic acid (ARA) was also present at nutritionally significant levels (79.4 mg/100 g). The n3/n6 ratio (2.2) and favourable atherogenic and thrombogenic indices highlight its nutritional benefits. This is the first study to assess seasonal variations in the nutritional value and technical yield of lionfish in the Mediterranean, offering novel insights into its commercial valorisation. These findings support its promotion as a sustainable protein source and as a means of managing its invasive population.},
}
@article {pmid40646685,
year = {2025},
author = {Yiu, SW and Etherington, TR and Russell, JC},
title = {Discriminating footprints to improve identification of congeneric invasive Rattus species.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {10},
pages = {7000-7011},
pmid = {40646685},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Royal Society Te Ap&#x101;rangi/ ; //Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Rats/classification/anatomy &amp; histology ; New Zealand ; Discriminant Analysis ; Machine Learning ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Accurate identification of cryptic species is critical for invasive species monitoring. Footprint surveys are often used as an indirect rodent monitoring method, but surveyors can misidentify closely related species. Machine learning techniques can reduce observer errors by enabling species identification through training of statistical algorithms on known footprints and then classifying the footprints of unknown species using the resulting models. Such a tool has important applications for the identification and biosecurity management of invasive rodents.<br><br>RESULTS: We conducted a study to test the accuracy of using linear discriminant analyses (LDA) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to distinguish between footprints of two congeneric invasive rat species in New Zealand, the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) and ship rat (Rattus rattus). We collected footprints using inked tracking tunnels and extracted geometric profiles of the footprints. We built linear discriminant and XGBoost models on known-species footprints, undertook ten-fold cross-validation, and then applied models to classify footprints of unknown species. The predictive accuracies of the models were all &#x2265;&#x2009;90%, with the front foot models (99%) slightly outperforming the hind foot models (94%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Footprint models provide a reliable tool to distinguish rat species. We discuss potential shortcomings of the models in distinguishing between adult Pacific rats and juvenile ship rats particularly across different populations. We recommend the use of tracking tunnels and footprint models for assessing invasion and reinvasion of congeneric rat species and advocate the application of this technique for identifying and distinguishing among other rodent species. &#xa9; 2025 Landcare Research New Zealand Limited and The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40646163,
year = {2025},
author = {Höller, P and Lühken, R and Sauer, FG and Villacañas de Castro, C and Becker, N and Jöst, H and Pfitzner, WP and Schmidt-Chanasit, J and Heitmann, A and Jansen, S},
title = {Vector competence of mosquitoes from Europe for Tahyna virus.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {25092},
pmid = {40646163},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology ; Europe ; *Aedes/virology ; *Encephalitis Virus, California ; },
abstract = {Tahyna virus (TAHV) was the first mosquito-borne virus isolated in Europe, and has since been found throughout Eurasia and Africa. Infections are mostly asymptomatic but can cause "Valtice fever", characterized by influenza-like symptoms, mainly in children, with severe cases occasionally causing neurological symptoms. The virus is maintained in an enzootic cycle between small mammals and mosquitoes. Recent and comprehensive studies of vector competence for TAHV are scarce. To fill this gap, and to better understand the transmission cycle of TAHV, we studied ten taxa (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus japonicus, Ae. koreicus, Ae. rusticus, Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens, Cx. torrentium, Cs. morsitans/fumipennis, An. daciae, and An. stephensi) by orally infecting them with TAHV. All taxa were susceptible to TAHV infection. Additionally, the invasive species Ae. albopictus, and Ae. rusticus, a species native to Europe, were able to transmit the virus at 27 ± 5 °C, with transmission efficiencies of 3.3% and 14.3%, respectively. Therefore, it is plausible for TAHV to be transmitted by Ae. albopictus and Ae. rusticus in natural settings in Europe. At a lower temperature of 24 ± 5 °C, infection and transmission decreased in Ae. albopictus. This data will allow future risk models and early warning systems to better predict TAHV transmission.},
}
@article {pmid40645886,
year = {2025},
author = {Wilde, ML and Farrell, SN and Goodman, CD and McFadden, GI},
title = {Novel techniques for disrupting malaria transmission.},
journal = {Trends in parasitology},
volume = {41},
number = {8},
pages = {657-669},
doi = {10.1016/j.pt.2025.06.005},
pmid = {40645886},
issn = {1471-5007},
mesh = {*Malaria/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; Animals ; Humans ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; *Mosquito Vectors/parasitology ; Insecticide Resistance ; Plasmodium/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Despite significant progress in malaria control over the past two decades, the disease remains a major challenge. This review explores novel mosquito-targeting and transmission-blocking solutions to combat the growing concerns of antimalarial and insecticide resistance. The emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium spp. parasites and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, coupled with changes in vector behaviour and the spread of invasive species, necessitates the development of new control strategies. We examine a range of approaches ranging from low-tech repurposing of existing technologies to high-tech genetic engineering solutions. These interventions aim to exploit the parasite population bottleneck in mosquitoes to potentially reduce selective pressure and the risk of resistance development. Although each approach has its advantages and limitations, an integrated strategy that combines current tools with novel technologies may be crucial for malaria eradication.},
}
@article {pmid40643629,
year = {2025},
author = {Whipple, SE and Carter, SK and Rutherford, TK and Jordan, SE and Lehrter, RJ and Domschke, CT and Gilbert, MA and Reyes, J and Samuel, EM and Schank, KM and Tull, JC and Wood, DJA},
title = {Climate Consideration in Environmental Effects Analyses on Federal Public Lands in the United States.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {75},
number = {10},
pages = {2692-2706},
pmid = {40643629},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {United States ; *Climate Change ; *Environmental Policy ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Greenhouse Gases ; },
abstract = {Effects of a changing climate, including drought, wildfire, and invasive species encroachment, are evident on public lands across the United States. Decision making on Federal public lands requires analyses under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and there are guidelines for considering climate in NEPA analyses. To better understand how climate most recently has been considered, we analyzed a stratified random sample of 130 environmental assessments (EAs) completed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) from 2021 to 2023 across the contiguous United States. We assessed whether EAs considered (1) potential effects of the proposed action on climate (2) potential climate effects on the proposed action, and (3) potential climate effects on resources of concern. We also identified whether EAs included data and science about climate or greenhouse gas emissions, and which datasets and documents were cited. We used two approaches: automated keyword searches and document analysis. Thirty-seven percent of EAs considered the potential effects of the proposed action on climate, 8% considered the potential effects of climate on the proposed action, and 4% of individual resource analyses considered the potential effects of climate on the resource. EAs in the 'oil and gas development,' 'renewable energy,' and 'forestry and timber management' proposed action categories most frequently considered the potential effects of climate and used climate data and science. Our findings suggest an opportunity for scientists to work more closely with public land managers to identify available data and science for considering climate in environmental effects analyses and to provide science delivery mechanisms that can facilitate the consideration and use of climate science in decision making.},
}
@article {pmid40642958,
year = {2025},
author = {Chouvenc, T and Brown, A},
title = {Minimizing the impact of invasive Coptotermes sp. (Heterotermitidae) on urban tree canopies using a recurrent inspection-elimination program.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {4},
pages = {1868-1878},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf167},
pmid = {40642958},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {*Isoptera/physiology ; Trees ; *Forests ; Animals ; Cities ; *Parks, Recreational ; Herbivory/drug effects ; Pilot Projects ; Florida ; *Insect Control/methods ; Chitin/biosynthesis ; *Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Invasive subterranean termite species within the genus Coptotermes (Heterotermitidae) are important structural pests. However, they also cause extensive damage in live trees and pose serious risks to tree health as a result. The urban tree canopy in areas with established populations of Coptotermes are therefore at risk of loss of trees over time, and many urban forests within municipality parks in their introduced range may experience tangible canopy alteration. This can have wide-reaching negative impacts on the ecology of these parks and to the public that utilize them. This 5-yr long study utilized eight parks (1,304 trees) to demonstrate how a simple visual monitoring/bait approach can identify and eliminate termite colonies infesting trees and maintain minimal termite activity within public green spaces. Here, we demonstrate that the systematic direct application of an experimental above-ground chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI) bait formulation to trees can eliminate termite activity and protect trees. However, owing to high termite pressure, colony reinfestation is likely over time, and municipalities may have to establish perennial programs that would include regular monitoring and treatment as needed. Such a long-term strategy would minimize tree loss, while using a termite-specific formulated pesticide with a low amount of active ingredient. This pilot study demonstrates that it can be achieved, but ultimately, the success of this approach relies on technically competent staff that can readily identify the signs of active Coptotermes infestation in trees and access to above ground CSI bait formulations.},
}
@article {pmid40642777,
year = {2025},
author = {Chaudhry, EA and Cheeseman, AE and Cohen, JB and Whipps, CM and Perrotti, L and Downs, CJ},
title = {Environmental Stress in New England Cottontails (Sylvilagus transitionalis) Is Mitigated by High-Quality Habitat.},
journal = {Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology},
volume = {343},
number = {8},
pages = {940-956},
doi = {10.1002/jez.70010},
pmid = {40642777},
issn = {2471-5646},
support = {//This study was supported by a USDA McIntire-Stennis Program Grant (to C.J.D.) and an American Society of Mammalogists Grant-In-Aid of Research (to E.A.C.)./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Stress, Physiological/physiology ; Feces/chemistry ; Glucocorticoids/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Organisms in changing environments are subjected to environmental perturbations that may exacerbate physiological stress. Under the Cort-Fitness Hypothesis framework, sustained elevations in physiological stress can negatively impact individual fitness. This hypothesis predicts a positive association between stressors and glucocorticoids. Using fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations from non-invasively collected fecal pellets, we assessed how physiological condition of an imperiled mammal, the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), correlates with potential stressors, namely a proxy of habitat quality (forest successional stage), the presence of a nonnative competitor (eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus), and the density of an invasive plant species (Japanese barberry, Barberis thunbergii). Invasive plant prevalence and eastern cottontail presence independently had small effect sizes. Additionally, there was an interaction effect of eastern cottontail prevalence and Japanese barberry stem density on FGM concentrations, wherein increasing barberry stem density was associated with reduced FGM concentrations in patches with high eastern cottontail prevalence. Consequently, use of high-density Japanese barberry by New England cottontails may ameliorate physiological stress where eastern cottontails are prevalent. It follows that preferred patches, such as those with abundant food resources and cover, may reduce the physiological stress associated with competition and habitat degradation.},
}
@article {pmid40642435,
year = {2025},
author = {Oliver, PG and Garzia, M and Paulay, G and Salvi, D},
title = {On the species identity of a tropical oyster (Bivalvia, Ostreidae, Dendostrea) invading the eastern Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1243},
number = {},
pages = {207-224},
pmid = {40642435},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Molecular and morphological data suggest that the Mediterranean populations of the non-indigenous genus Dendostrea are part of a single clade. This clade includes oysters from Rodrigues but is distinct from oysters from Hawaii and Mauritius. Based on morphology and sequence data, the Hawaiian and Mauritian oysters can be referred to as Dendostreasandvichensis Sowerby, 1871. The Mediterranean/Rodrigues clade, although morphologically very similar to D.sandvichensis, is significantly genetically distant from it and from D.frons and D.folium. As a result, the Mediterranean/Rodrigues clade cannot be assigned to any currently accepted nominal species. However, the statuses of the junior synonyms of D.sandvichensis are based on morphology and are therefore reconsidered with the result that D.crenulifera Sowerby, 1871 is shown to be morphologically very similar to the Mediterranean/Rodrigues clade. Given that the type locality of D.crenulifera is the Red Sea, and that Mediterranean populations are considered tropical invaders, D.crenulifera is a likely candidate name. However, without supporting sequence data from the type locality in the Red Sea, we conservatively conclude that the most appropriate name for the Mediterranean/Rodrigues clade is Dendostreacf.crenulifera (Sowerby, 1871).},
}
@article {pmid40642327,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeng, Z and Liang, Z and Chen, Y and Shu, Q and Li, J and Tso, N and Chen, M and Zhang, S and Tan, X and Qiong, L and Wang, J},
title = {Adaptation analysis of two Asteraceae invasive plants in Lhasa, Tibet.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19667},
pmid = {40642327},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Tibet ; *Introduced Species ; Germination/physiology ; Altitude ; Seeds/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Asteraceae/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; Seasons ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants pose a major threat to global ecosystems, especially in ecologically fragile high-altitude regions. Due to its unique geographical and climatic conditions, the Tibetan Plateau is considered highly susceptible to biological invasions. This study investigates the germination capacity and early growth performance of two invasive species, Bidens pilosa and Tagetes minuta, under the natural climatic conditions of Lhasa, Tibet. We assessed how seed burial depth, geographical provenance, and climatic variables affect their establishment potential. The results showed that B. pilosa exhibited the highest germination rate in shallow soil layers, especially for seeds originating from Kunming (KM). However, seeds from the same source that matured in Lhasa following one local growing season (LS), showed a significant reduction in germination capacity, indicating the negative effects of high-altitude stress on maternal seed quality. Seeds from different altitudes displayed varied adaptive performance, with high-altitude provenances showing greater plant height in Lhasa's cold, dry environment. Although T. minuta exhibited generally low germination rates across all burial depths, the individuals that successfully emerged demonstrated vigorous early growth, particularly under deeper burial conditions. This suggests that once established, the species may possess strong potential for rapid population expansion and severe invasion. Climate data over the past three years showed that the growing season from May to October in Lhasa-characterized by increased temperature and precipitation-provided a favorable climate window for both species. Our findings suggest that the ongoing warming and humidification trend on the Tibetan Plateau, driven by global climate change, may further facilitate the expansion and establishment of these invasive species. This study provides essential insights for risk assessment and management of invasive plants in Lhasa and other high-altitude regions, emphasizing the importance of long-term monitoring and targeted early-warning strategies in response to shifting environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40642030,
year = {2025},
author = {Xuan, JL and Scheffer, SJ and Soghigian, J and Cassel, B and Lewis, ML and Li, SP and Guo, JY and Liu, WX and Wiegmann, BM},
title = {Population Phylogenomics and Genetic Structure of the Polyphagous Leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae).},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {18},
number = {7},
pages = {e70132},
pmid = {40642030},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {The agromyzid leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) is an important polyphagous pest of vegetable crops and ornamental plants. It is native to the Americas but has spread throughout the world over the past 50 years. Previous molecular research has indicated that this species contains highly distinct mitochondrial lineages suggestive of cryptic species. To better interpret the mitochondrial divergence, we used anchored hybrid enrichment datasets in order to conduct genome-wide phylogenetic analyses. We found that individuals of L. trifolii from pepper and tomatillo populations form a monophyletic group ("PT group") distinct from the remaining L. trifolii ("non-PT group"). These results corroborate previous mitochondrial and nuclear datasets and indicate an absence of gene flow between the PT and non-PT groups. This is consistent with previous work on reproductive isolation and oviposition preferences, and provides substantial evidence that the PT group represents a distinct and previously unrecognized species. The presence of two species within a nominally single pest species has important implications for management. Although there was only weak genetic differentiation between geographically disparate groups of non-PT L. trifolii, a monophyletic group of Chinese specimens was found in a coalescent-based analysis that is concordant with the history of invasions in Asia. Our study provides important new insight into geographic and host-associated structure in L. trifolii.},
}
@article {pmid40639219,
year = {2025},
author = {Badger, J and Alirigia, R and Ameli, I and Bajer, P and Bartodziej, B and Dalgleish, V and Das, S and Dauphinais, J and Duhr, M and Fairman, K and Forester, J and Frankenberg, S and Gutierrez-Moreno, R and Jacob, NK and Johnson, C and Jonsrud, K and Maselko, M and Mendelsohn, M and Olmanson, O and Pierce, A and Feist, L and Taylor, K and Warden, T and White, R and Wolf, H and Barnhill, SK and Delborne, J and Smanski, MJ},
title = {Coproducing a Technology Readiness Level framework for non-persistent genetic biocontrol of aquatic invasive species.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {391},
number = {},
pages = {126189},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126189},
pmid = {40639219},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Carps ; },
abstract = {Developing and implementing novel pest control technologies requires coordination and communication between technology developers, funding agencies, federal and state regulators, and early technology adopters. Efficient communication is particularly important for first-in-class technologies. Misunderstandings or lack of communication may hinder social engagement, jeopardize regulatory approval, decrease utility of the technology, deter public adoption, or compromise risk mitigation approaches. We, a team of diverse stakeholders in aquatic invasive species (AIS) control, here propose a shared language for discussing the development of non-persistent genetic biocontrol methods. Specifically, we adapted the existing Technology Readiness Level framework to apply to the development of non-persistent genetic biocontrol for invasive Cyprinus carpio (common carp) as a model case. The result of this effort is a tool for designing responsible technology development of a promising new class of pest management tools.},
}
@article {pmid40638393,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, S and Li, X and Li, Z and Zhang, Y and Wang, Y and Xu, L},
title = {Horizontal gene transfer-mediated enhancement of gut antifungal defense facilitates host plant adaptation in an invasive pest.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {44},
number = {7},
pages = {115970},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115970},
pmid = {40638393},
issn = {2211-1247},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal/genetics ; Chitinases/genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Moths/microbiology/genetics ; *Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Larva/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; RNA Interference ; *Plants/parasitology ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Invasive pests exploit adaptive mechanisms including horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to overcome environmental challenges. Here, we show that the invasive fall webworm Hyphantria cunea acquires a chitinase gene (HcuChiA) via HGT, facilitating adaptation to the novel host Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Comparative transcriptomics across five host plants and an artificial diet identified HcuChiA as uniquely upregulated on M. glyptostroboides. Single-cell transcriptomics and spatiotemporal profiling confirmed gut-specific expression, and phylogenetic analysis traced HcuChiA to a bacterial donor. RNAi knockdown of HcuChiA increased the larval mortality on M. glyptostroboides, while recombinant HcuChiA displayed chitinase activity and broad-spectrum antifungal effects against entomopathogens. Elimination of gut fungi abolished the RNAi-induced mortality increase, demonstrating HcuChiA's role in gut antifungal immunity. These findings reveal that HGT-derived enzymes enhance host expansion in invasive pests by strengthening immune defenses, offering insights into multi-host adaptation and the evolutionary significance of HGT.},
}
@article {pmid40637754,
year = {2025},
author = {Berner, RZ and Zahn, G and Spencer, AA and Chaudhary, VB and Cheeke, TE},
title = {Annual grass invasion is associated with differences in the community structure and abundance of biocrusts and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology letters},
volume = {372},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsle/fnaf071},
pmid = {40637754},
issn = {1574-6968},
support = {//Washington State University/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/classification/physiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Poaceae/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Grassland ; *Mycobiome ; Ecosystem ; Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Interactions between biocrusts and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may increase plant resilience to environmental stress in native grasslands. When non-native plants invade, they may have cascading effects on soil biota and their interactions, destabilizing grassland ecosystems. In a field survey we assessed the % cover and composition of biocrusts in plots varying in % cover of the invasive annual grass, Ventenanta dubia (Native, Transition, Invaded plots). We used field-collected soil as inocula in a glasshouse experiment to test whether the abundance of viable AM fungal propagules differs under biocrusts compared with bare soil, or across invasion levels. We used 18S rRNA gene sequencing on field-collected soil to test whether the structure of the AM fungal community differs under biocrusts versus bare soil across invasion levels. Invasion by V. dubia was associated with lower biocrust cover, distinct biocrust community structure, lower abundance of viable AM fungal propagules below biocrusts, and distinct AM fungal community structure with invasion. Our results support broader United Nations Sustainable Development Goals focused on the protection and restoration of terrestrial ecosystems. A better understanding of the interactions among plants, biocrusts, and AM fungi is important for mitigating the impacts of invasive species and informing grassland restorations.},
}
@article {pmid40635791,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, P and Zhang, L and Li, J and Yang, C and Xie, G and Wang, W},
title = {Using Ecological Modeling to Study the Response of Distribution Dynamics of Paraglenea fortunei (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to Human Activities and Climate Change to in Northeast Asia.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e71782},
pmid = {40635791},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species pose an increasing threat to biodiversity, agriculture, and ecosystem stability, especially under accelerated climate change. Paraglenea fortunei, a longhorn beetle native to East Asia, has emerged as a potential pest, warranting urgent attention to its possible range expansion. This study aims to predict the current and future potential distribution of P. fortunei using an optimized MaxEnt ecological niche model under various climate change scenarios across Northeast Asia. The results indicate that climatic factors, such as temperature stability, precipitation, and human activities are key drivers influencing its distribution. These findings suggest that P. fortunei prefers to live in ecosystems with cooler climates, more consistent changes, and abundant precipitation. Meanwhile, P. fortunei may expand to many countries and regions in the future, including central and western China, Sakhalin in Russia, the Hokkaido Islands in Japan, Vietnam, Myanmar, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. In addition, P. fortunei may migrate to higher latitudes as climate conditions change. These findings contribute to a better understanding of climate-driven distribution dynamics and offer scientific guidance for pest risk management and regional ecological planning.},
}
@article {pmid40635530,
year = {2025},
author = {Manicardi, A and Mora, G and Araujo, ALS and Gaines, TA and Lozano-Juste, J and Torra, J},
title = {Analysis of multiple-herbicide resistant Amaranthus palmeri populations from Spain points to an introduction of the eccDNA from America.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {10},
pages = {6807-6819},
pmid = {40635530},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {PRTR-C17.I1//European Union NextGenerationEU, AGROALNEXT, GVA/ ; 801586//H2020 Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Actions/ ; PID2020-113229RB-C42//Spanish State Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund, EU (ERDF)/ ; PID2021-128826OAI00//Spanish MCIN/AEI/ ; RYC2020-029097-I//Spanish MCIN/AEI/ ; RYC2018-023866-I//Spanish MCIN/AEI/ ; CISEJI/2022/26//Generalitat Valenciana, Plan GenT/ ; RED2022-134285-T(PalmerNET)//Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/ ; },
mesh = {*Amaranthus/genetics/drug effects ; *Herbicide Resistance/genetics ; *Herbicides/pharmacology ; Spain ; Acetolactate Synthase/genetics/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Glyphosate ; Glycine/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics ; Plant Weeds/genetics/drug effects ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The herbicide-resistant invasive weed species Amaranthus palmeri threatens agricultural production and native plant ecology in Spain, as well as in other European countries. Understanding whether herbicide resistance alleles evolve in situ or are introduced via gene flow remains unclear. To address this, we characterized multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-- and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibiting herbicides in two Spanish A. palmeri populations at the plant level. Additionally, we analyzed the extra-chromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) to determine whether glyphosate resistance resulted from local selection pressure or was introduced by gene flow.<br><br>RESULTS: Both populations exhibit individuals that survived both herbicide MoA, with multiple resistance mechanisms to ALS- and EPSPS-inhibiting herbicides. Eight different ALS allele mutations were identified in resistant plants, including Pro-197-Ile, reported only in one species previously. Glyphosate resistance in the two populations is to the result of gene duplication mediated by eccDNA. Spanish and North American eccDNAs showed complete identity, with no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found between the partial analyzed sequences of noncoding regions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We confirm for the first time in Europe resistance to ALS and EPSPS inhibitors at both the population and individual levels in two Spanish A.&#x2009;palmeri populations. The absence of SNPs in the eccDNA from Spanish populations compared to the reference American sequence and the presence of target-site mutations in the ALS gene occurred without selective pressure from ALS herbicides, suggests that the origin of resistance traits may have evolved elsewhere and been introduced from the place of origin to Spain. However, it is important to note that the limited number of populations studied and the partial sequencing of eccDNA do not provide definitive confirmation of the exact origins of resistance mechanisms. This work raises concerns about the arrival of this and potentially other new herbicide-resistant A.&#x2009;palmeri populations in Europe posing challenges for management. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40635500,
year = {2025},
author = {Beckwith, KM and Burrack, HJ and Flanagan, M and Wiggins, G and Levenson, HK},
title = {Temporal fluctuations and geographic distributions of Leptopilina (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) species in North Carolina: implications for biological control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2032-2041},
pmid = {40635500},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {Animals ; North Carolina ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; *Drosophila/parasitology ; *Animal Distribution ; Introduced Species ; Female ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {Biological control is an important component of integrated pest management programs. This can include classical biological control agents, but also adventive biological control agents that naturally established. Here, we provide details of the presence and seasonal biology of potential biological control agents for the invasive Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in Southeastern USA blackberry production systems, including a recently established adventive parasitoid wasp species, Leptopilina japonica Novković &amp; Kimura. To better understand the populations of this new species, we compare detection methods and report on temporal fluctuations and geographic distributions in North Carolina blackberry fields. In total, we collected 1,142 specimens from 6 sites including 5 different Leptopilina species: Leptopilina boulardi Barbotin, Carton &amp; Kelner-Pillault, Leptopilina clavipes Hartig, Leptopilina heterotoma Thomson, Leptopilina japonica, and Leptopilina leipsi Lue &amp; Buffington. We confirm previous reports of L. japonica, L. boulardi, and L. heterotoma in North Carolina, but report L. clavipes and L. leipsi in the state for the first time. While several Leptopilina species have now been documented in North Carolina, L. japonica shows the most promise as a biological control agent for D. suzukii. Understanding the when and where each of these parasitoid species is present in crop fields is an important first step in improving D. suzukii management efforts. These data will aid in understanding how best to protect these species and how best to incorporate them into on-farm management plans.},
}
@article {pmid40635435,
year = {2025},
author = {Holman, LE and Bohmann, K and Craig, OE and Orton, D and Pedersen, MW and Tange Olsen, M and Thurstan, RH and Scourse, J},
title = {Shifting seas: understanding deep-time human impacts on marine ecosystems.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {380},
number = {1930},
pages = {20240026},
pmid = {40635435},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Anthropogenic Effects ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; },
abstract = {Humans have interacted with, and impacted, marine ecosystems for millennia. During this time, the oceans have experienced ecosystem degradation through harvesting, habitat change, pollution, the introduction of invasive species and climate change. Despite extensive documentation of substantial recent anthropogenic impacts, our understanding of ancient marine biodiversity remains limited for many ocean regions. This theme issue advances our knowledge of past oceans, revealing how diverse perspectives from across disciplines can provide new insights into marine anthropogenic exploitation over thousands of years. Through engaging a range of source materials, including material remains, historical records and palaeoenvironmental archives, the contributions reveal shifting seas responding to both natural climatic changes and human impacts. Collectively, these outputs demonstrate the value of interdisciplinarity and cross-cultural approaches in understanding ocean change. As marine restoration programmes expand globally, combining disciplinary approaches and novel methods across deep time can provide novel baseline data against which to measure recovery and raise ambition for marine conservation. Beyond biodiversity baselines, understanding past ocean changes can provide key insights into the mechanisms through which human impacts alter marine ecosystems, allowing us to learn from our ancestors' effective and ineffective ocean stewardship practices. Just as diverse ecosystems are buffered against change, diverse human-ocean interactions are important for flourishing future seas.This article is part of the theme issue 'Shifting seas: understanding deep-time human impacts on marine ecosystems'.},
}
@article {pmid40634263,
year = {2025},
author = {Johnson, AJ and Bednar, D and Hulcr, J},
title = {Objective risk assessment of bark and ambrosia beetles non-indigenous to North America.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {e70072},
pmid = {40634263},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {AP20PPQS&amp;T00C083//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; AP21PPQS&amp;T00C112//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Risk Assessment ; *Introduced Species ; Models, Biological ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; *Weevils/physiology ; North America ; United States ; },
abstract = {Pest risk assessment informs regulatory decisions to facilitate safe trade while also protecting a country's agricultural and environmental resources. The first step in pest risk assessment is pest categorization which can help determine whether an in-depth examination is needed. We created a model to predict the potential impact of non-indigenous bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). This model uses biological variables derived from extensive assessment of alien species and produces a five-point scale of impact prediction. We accommodate uncertainty and missing data using random decision tree forests with Monte Carlo simulations. Non-indigenous bark beetles include both invasive species with significant ecological impacts, such as widespread tree death, and others that pose little risk. We assembled a comprehensive list of 60 introduced non-native bark beetle species in the continental United States as the training set. Forty-two potentially predictive variables were chosen from reports on behaviors, pestilence, recorded damage/interpretations in literature, biological traits, and interactions with fungi including plant pathogens. The model builds upon strategies used by USDA-APHIS in existing risk assessments, specifically the Objective Prioritization of Exotic Pests (OPEP) model, with changes in the following: (1) a transparent dataset for building and training the model enabling future updates and use in other systems, (2) uncertainty simulations using values derived from an extensive natural history matrix rather than an assumed equal distribution, and (3) predictions made on the probability of multiple impact levels, allowing users to decide based on acceptable risk. The model is designed for pest risk analysis for Scolytinae in the continental United States but can be adapted to other pests or regions. We tested the model's performance by iteratively removing each species from the training set and retraining the model. The retrained models accurately predicted the removed species. To demonstrate the model's application, we predicted the impact of scolytine beetles not yet present in the continental United States, Xylosandrus morigerus and Hypoborus ficus, plus an additional hypothetical species with no known data. Our model predicts that these species are likely to have moderate impacts and unlikely to have high impacts if they were introduced.},
}
@article {pmid40633519,
year = {2025},
author = {Frizzera, D and Strobl, V and Yañez, O and Seffin, E and Zanni, V and Annoscia, D and Neumann, P and Nazzi, F},
title = {Interactions between agrochemicals and parasites endangering insect populations.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {202},
number = {},
pages = {109664},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2025.109664},
pmid = {40633519},
issn = {1873-6750},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/parasitology/drug effects/genetics ; *Agrochemicals/toxicity ; *Varroidae/physiology/drug effects ; *Insecta/parasitology/drug effects ; Insecticides/toxicity ; },
abstract = {There is clear evidence for declines of wild insects and high losses of managed ones, thereby threatening their key ecosystem services. Interactions among stressors such as agricultural intensification and invasive species have been implicated in these declines. However, both the nature of these interactions as well as the actual outcomes are often poorly understood. This holds true for ubiquitous agrochemicals and ectoparasitic Varroa destructor mites, and losses of managed honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies. Here, we show that two pesticides (sulfoxaflor and coumaphos) can enhance parasite reproduction, thereby contributing to host colony losses. A gene expression study revealed a consistent effect on key genes in the hormonal pathways regulating honey bee development, thereby suggesting a link with parasite reproduction. Because all animals have parasites and are exposed to such agrochemicals even in nature reserves, this mechanism could be relevant for a wide range of insect species and may represent a serious threat for their conservation.},
}
@article {pmid40632788,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, L and Wang, T and Zhang, XW and Lin, XF and Li, J and Liao, JB and Wang, RW},
title = {Evolution of foraging behaviour induces variable complexity-stability relationships in mutualist-exploiter-predator communities.},
journal = {PLoS computational biology},
volume = {21},
number = {7},
pages = {e1013245},
pmid = {40632788},
issn = {1553-7358},
mesh = {Animals ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Population Dynamics ; Ecosystem ; Computational Biology ; *Feeding Behavior/physiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Food Chain ; },
abstract = {Early ecological theory predicts that complex ecological networks are unstable and are unlikely to persist, despite many empirical studies of such complexity in nature. This inconsistency has fascinated ecologists for decades. To resolve the complexity-stability debate, coupling population dynamics and trait dynamics is considered to be an important way to understand the long-term stability of ecological community assemblages. However, we still do not know how eco-evolutionary feedbacks affect the relationship between complexity and stability in ecologically realistic networks with both antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. Here, we explored an adaptive network model to evaluate how the evolution of foraging preference to determine the relationship between network complexity (i.e., connectance) and stability (i.e., community persistence at steady state) in mutualist-exploiter-predator communities (MEST). Our theoretical results showed: (i) adaptive foraging of the top predator contributes to the stability of mutualism and intermediate intensity of foraging adaptations can lead to chaotic dynamics in a four-species MEST community; (ii) the complexity-stability relationship may show positive monotonic, negative monotonic, peaked and double-peaked patterns in general MEST communities, while the double-peaked pattern is only obtained when both the adaptation intensity and interspecific competition are high. Furthermore, model predictions may be consistent with both the negative monotonic pattern revealed in freshwater communities and the peaked pattern revealed in marine communities. Finally, we infer that foraging adaptations of the top predator may alter positive or/and negative feedback loops (trait-mediated indirect effects) to affect the stability of general MEST communities. Our adaptive network framework may provide an effective way to address the complexity-stability debate in real ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40630840,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramula, S and Blande, JD and Kalske, A},
title = {Soil microbiota enhance the population growth rate of a nitrogen-fixing herbaceous legume.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {plaf012},
pmid = {40630840},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {Soil microbiota can modify a plant's growth and chemistry, with consequences for plant population persistence. Therefore, an approach that considers the entire life cycle of a given plant species may be necessary for quantifying the net effect of soil microbiota on longer-lived plants. Here, we investigated the effects of soil microbiota on the fitness-related traits and population growth rate of the nitrogen-fixing legume Lupinus polyphyllus. Using seeds collected from native (North American) and invasive (Finnish) populations of the species, we conducted a greenhouse experiment in which we manipulated the soil microbiota by adding to plants either intact or autoclaved soil inoculum obtained from invasive populations. We grew the plants for two growing seasons and recorded six fitness-related traits (height early and later in life, survival, flowering probability, number of flowering shoots, inflorescence length), characterized floral volatiles, and estimated the asymptotic population growth rate (λ) using a demographic model. With the intact soil inoculum, flowering probability tended to be higher regardless of plant origin, while for early height, the effect of the inoculum treatment depended on plant origin. The other traits and floral volatile composition were not affected by soil inoculum treatment. At the population level, demographic models confirmed the positive effect of the intact soil inoculum, which yielded 130% and 30% greater λ for plants of invasive and native origins, respectively, than the autoclaved soil inoculum treatment. These results demonstrate that, at least under greenhouse conditions, soil microbiota contribute to plant population persistence and may affect species abundance. Moreover, our findings indicate that a demographic approach that considers the entire life cycle is needed to assess the net effect of soil microbiota on plant populations.},
}
@article {pmid40629186,
year = {2025},
author = {Manyweathers, J and Hayes, L and Rampano, B and Higgins, N and Hernandez-Jover, M},
title = {Engagement by New South Wales Marine Estate Users with and Evaluation of Communication Approaches to Strengthen Biosecurity Practices.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {75},
number = {10},
pages = {2614-2624},
pmid = {40629186},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {New South Wales ; Humans ; *Communication ; *Biosecurity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Ships ; Introduced Species ; Animals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Adult ; },
abstract = {Marine environments are susceptible to the impact of human boating activities that facilitate incursions of marine pests and diseases, including invasive alien species (IAS). Movement and maintenance of recreational boats is largely unregulated, and if boats are improperly maintained, movement of IAS on these unmaintained boats can impact livelihoods and food security. This project evaluated the impact of communication and engagement interventions implemented within the New South Wales marine estate that aimed at strengthening biosecurity practices of small to medium permanently moored boat owners/managers. A mixed method approach using a cross-sectional survey and interviews was used to evaluate exposure to and impact of the communication and engagement strategies, including Facebook images and videos on biosecurity practices in the NSW marine estate. Participants expressed a desire for information about marine pests and diseases via electronic newsletters (43.3%, n = 58) and of the survey participants who used Facebook, the majority (90.2%, n = 119) had not seen the communication interventions. Interview participants identified some infrastructural barriers to keeping their boats clear of biofouling despite a desire to do so. Overall, most participants showed awareness of and wanted to help protect waterway health, which supports ongoing efforts by New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Agriculture and Biosecurity Aquatic unit to improve biosecurity practices of all marine estate stakeholders and informs future development of aquatic biosecurity communication and engagement strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40629151,
year = {2025},
author = {Mota, FMM and Lima-Santos, D and Kenedy-Siqueira, W and Oki, Y and Fernandes, GW},
title = {Climate-driven distribution shifts of invasive earthworm species in a river basin affected by mining tailings.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {8},
pages = {879},
pmid = {40629151},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {Animals ; *Oligochaeta/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; Brazil ; Rivers ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Mining ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, along with extreme weather events, have altered natural habitats, contributing to species extinctions and ecosystem fragmentation worldwide. Climate change can exacerbate disturbances and trigger biological invasions that threaten native species. Here, we used ecological niche models to predict the future distribution of five invasive earthworm species (Amynthas corticis, Amynthas gracilis, Dichogaster bolaui, Polypheretima elongata, and Pontoscolex corethrurus) within the Doce River Basin (DRB), Brazil. We also assessed the potential contribution of the Fundão dam collapse to changes in species distributions by using a vegetation index as a proxy for forest cover. We found that, despite being invasive, most species are expected to experience contractions in climate suitable areas, with losses reaching up to 30.2% for P. elongata. Only D. bolaui is predicted to find climate suitable areas across the entire study area in all climate scenarios. The results also indicated that the Fundão collapse may contribute to greater reductions in the average climate suitable area within forested areas, with post-collapse areas approximately 44% smaller than pre-collapse conditions. Nevertheless, the southwestern portion of the DRB is projected to retain suitable climate conditions for all species, indicating a high invasive potential in this region. These findings highlight the need for targeted management strategies to prevent the dominance of invasive species and restore vegetation to buffer against the impacts of climate change and control invasive earthworms. Ecological restoration efforts, alongside the integration of environmental monitoring and ecological modeling, are crucial for mitigating biodiversity loss and enhancing ecosystem resilience to invasion by alien earthworms in the face of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40629086,
year = {2025},
author = {Battlay, P and Hendrickson, BT and Mendez-Reneau, JI and Santangelo, JS and Albano, LJ and Wilson, J and Caizergues, AE and King, N and Puentes, A and Tudoran, A and Violle, C and Vasseur, F and Patterson, CM and Foster, M and Stamps, C and Innes, SG and Allio, R and Angeoletto, F and Anstett, DN and Anstett, J and Bucharova, A and Comerford, MS and David, S and Falahati-Anbaran, M and Godsoe, W and González-Lagos, C and Gundel, PE and Hood, GR and Lampei, C and Lara, C and Lázaro-Lobo, A and Silva Leandro, D and Merritt, TJS and Mitchell, N and Mohammadi Bazargani, M and Moles, A and Murúa, M and Paule, J and Pfeiffer, V and Raeymaekers, JAM and Rennison, DJ and Rios, RS and Rowntree, JK and Schneider, AC and Stack Whitney, K and Tamburrino, &#xcd; and VanWallendael, A and Kim, PY and Ness, RW and Johnson, MTJ and Hodgins, KA and Kooyers, NJ},
title = {Haploblocks contribute to parallel climate adaptation following global invasion of a cosmopolitan plant.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {1441-1455},
pmid = {40629086},
issn = {2397-334X},
support = {OIA-1920858//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; DBI-2244712//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; EQPEQ 423691//Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G&#xe9;nie du Canada)/ ; RGPIN 2016 06063//Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G&#xe9;nie du Canada)/ ; RGP0001//Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP)/ ; },
mesh = {*Trifolium/genetics/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Haplotypes ; *Genetic Variation ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Climate ; Genome, Plant ; },
abstract = {The role of rapid adaptation during species invasions has historically been minimized with the assumption that introductions consist of few colonists and limited genetic diversity. While overwhelming evidence suggests that rapid adaptation is more prevalent than originally assumed, the demographic and adaptive processes underlying successful invasions remain unresolved. Here we leverage a large whole-genome sequence dataset to investigate the relative roles of colonization history and adaptation during the worldwide invasion of the forage crop, Trifolium repens (Fabaceae). We show that introduced populations encompass high levels of genetic variation with little evidence of bottlenecks. Independent colonization histories on different continents are evident from genome-wide population structure. Five haploblocks-large haplotypes with limited recombination-on three chromosomes exist as standing genetic variation within the native and introduced ranges and exhibit strong signatures of parallel climate-associated adaptation across continents. Field experiments in the native and introduced ranges demonstrate that three of the haploblocks strongly affect fitness and exhibit patterns of selection consistent with local adaptation across each range. Our results provide strong evidence that large-effect structural variants contribute substantially to rapid and parallel adaptation of an introduced species throughout the world.},
}
@article {pmid40628906,
year = {2025},
author = {Kirczuk, L and Dziewulska, K and Czerniejewski, P and Brysiewicz, A and Rechulicz, J and Ligięza, J},
title = {Annual gonadal cycle of the invasive catfish brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus from an oxbow lake of vistula river, Poland.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {24507},
pmid = {40628906},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RID/SP/0045/2024/01//Co-financed by the Minister of Science under the "Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027/ ; RID/SP/0045/2024/01//Co-financed by the Minister of Science under the "Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Poland ; Male ; Female ; Rivers ; *Introduced Species ; Lakes ; *Catfishes/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; *Gonads/physiology ; Fertility ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {The brown bullhead is a fish native to North America that became an invasive species after being introduced into the waters of Europe and other regions. Studies on its sexual cycle and fecundity were conducted on a population from an oxbow lake of the central Vistula River in Poland. The fish ranged in age from 1 + to 9+. The average body length (SL) was 14.4 ± 3.4 cm. Individuals as young as 1 + were already mature. Females lay eggs multiple times from mid-April to mid-June, with absolute fecundity averaging 3227 oocytes and relative fecundity at 46 oocytes g[-1]. The highest mean GSI of 1.9 during spawning was recorded in June. The reproductive tract of males takes the shape of lobes and consists of a paired cranial region formed by testes and a caudal region of undefined function. In males, semi-cystic spermatogenesis occurs, with secondary spermatocytes leaving cysts. Males overwinter with tubules filled with spermatids and initiate spermatozoa formation. The highest average GSI of 0.49 was recorded in early April. The brown bullhead observed in the new habitat was characterized by multiple egg laying, earlier maturation of individuals, and spawning in the earlier part of the calendar year, i.e. mid-April to mid-June, compared to its native habitat.},
}
@article {pmid40628719,
year = {2025},
author = {Gencel, M and Cofino, GM and Hui, C and Sahaf, Z and Gauthier, L and Matta, C and Gagné-Leroux, D and Tsang, DKL and Philpott, DP and Ramathan, S and Menendez, A and Bershtein, S and Serohijos, AWR},
title = {Quantifying the intra- and inter-species community interactions in microbiomes by dynamic covariance mapping.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {6314},
pmid = {40628719},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {PG-408523//Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Sant&#xe9; du Canada)/ ; RGPIN-2016-06566//Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G&#xe9;nie du Canada)/ ; CRC-2022-00138//Canada Research Chairs (Chaires de recherche du Canada)/ ; 89967//National Research Foundation (NRF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Escherichia coli/genetics/physiology/drug effects ; Mice ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/genetics ; *Microbial Interactions ; *Microbiota ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {A microbiome's composition, stability, and response to perturbations are governed by its community interaction matrix, typically quantified through pairwise competition. However, in natural environments, microbes encounter multispecies interactions, complex conditions, and unculturable members. Moreover, evolutionary and ecological processes occur on overlapping timescales, making intra-species clonal diversity a critical but poorly understood factor influencing community interactions. Here, we present Dynamic Covariance Mapping (DCM), a general approach to infer microbiome interaction matrices from abundance time-series data. By combining DCM with high-resolution chromosomal barcoding, we quantify inter- and intra-species interactions during E. coli colonization in the mouse gut under three contexts: germ-free, antibiotic-perturbed, and innate microbiota. We identify distinct temporal phases in susceptible communities: (1) destabilization upon E. coli invasion, (2) partial recolonization of native bacteria, and (3) a quasi-steady state where E. coli sub-lineages coexist with resident microbes. These phases are shaped by specific interactions between E. coli clones and community members, emphasizing the dynamic and lineage-specific nature of microbial networks. Our results reveal how ecological and evolutionary dynamics jointly shape microbiome structure over time. The DCM framework provides a scalable method to dissect complex community interactions and is broadly applicable to bacterial ecosystems both in vitro and in situ.},
}
@article {pmid40628623,
year = {2025},
author = {Shi, X and van Kleunen, M and Liu, Y},
title = {Plant invasions under accumulating global change factors.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {1193-1196},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2025.06.006},
pmid = {40628623},
issn = {1878-4372},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; },
abstract = {Many ecosystems face numerous concurrent global change factors (GCFs), each of which may impact various ecological processes. However, how accumulating GCFs jointly influence plant invasions remains unknown. To fill this gap, we consider the role of phenotypic plasticity, and the direct and indirect pathways of how GCFs impact plant invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40628483,
year = {2025},
author = {Moseby, KE and Read, J and Tuft, K and Hayes, G and Crisp, H and Lynch, C and Van der Weyde, L},
title = {Exclusion of invasive predators triggers succession, competition and habitat diversification in a small mammal community.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2050},
pages = {20250325},
pmid = {40628483},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Predatory Behavior ; Rabbits ; Foxes ; Population Dynamics ; Cats ; Australia ; *Biodiversity ; *Mammals/physiology ; Male ; *Rodentia/physiology ; Female ; },
abstract = {Invasive species can alter small mammal communities. We examined the abundance and demography of 10 Australian desert small mammals inside and outside a fenced reserve after the exclusion of invasive rabbits, cats and foxes. Over 26 years, we found evidence for a species succession response triggered by the removal of endogenous disturbance (predation), similar to exogenous disturbance caused by fire, mining and deglaciation. Smaller rodents responded within 2 years whereas larger rodents became more abundant within the reserve after 5 years, eventually outcompeting the smaller rodents. The dasyurid response was later and more muted. Captures of rodents inside the reserve reached up to 33 times higher than outside after high rainfall years, suggesting that invasive predators have a significant impact and suppress rainfall-induced population booms. Larger rodents expanded their realized niche into non-preferred habitats, and intraspecific competition and species diversity increased. Minimal differences in breeding, body mass or sex ratios between inside and outside the reserve suggested abundance increases were primarily due to release from predation pressure rather than increased resources. Succession was shaped by competition and differences in predator susceptibility influencing reinvasion timing. Results demonstrate that succession dynamics in small mammals can be triggered by the removal of endogenous disturbance as well as changes in vegetation structure.},
}
@article {pmid40628201,
year = {2025},
author = {Saberi-Pirooz, R and Aghamir, F and Ahmadzadeh, F},
title = {Assessing the response of two soil engineering groups to reforestation in the Hyrcanian forests.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {391},
number = {},
pages = {126410},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126410},
pmid = {40628201},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Forests ; Animals ; *Ants ; Biodiversity ; Oligochaeta ; *Soil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Many forest ecosystems are becoming more vulnerable due to human activities and the considerable effects of forest exploitation. Furthermore, forest management practices often overlook the importance of biodiversity, focusing primarily on timber production and economic gain. The Hyrcanian forests, in particular, face significant challenges due to a combination of factors such as deforestation, climate change, and invasive species. This study aims to explore the impact of reforestation on the diversity, abundance, and community structure of two key groups of soil engineers: earthworms and ants. These groups were chosen due to findings from a previous study indicating their higher abundance in this region. Additionally, it aims to determine which of these groups is more significantly impacted. The study was conducted in both natural and planted forests across three locations in the central region of these forests. Samples were collected from 72 quadrats and 48 transects. A total of 251 samples were collected for earthworms and 410 samples for ants. Then, the samples were sorted into morphological operational taxonomic units (MorphOTUs) based on morphological characteristics. DNA barcoding studies were performed using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene to determine the molecular OTUs. After that, the difference in OUT richness, abundance and composition between natural and planted forests was investigated using statistical analysis. In the current research, 16 and 19 OTUs were recognized for earthworms and ants, respectively. The results indicated that ant abundance was significantly higher in natural forests (n = 263) compared to planted forests (n = 147). However, the difference in earthworm numbers was negligible (n = 125 in natural and n = 126 in planted forests). The community compositions of both groups did not show significant differences between these forests. The difference between ants and earthworm abundance indicates that ants play a key role as pioneer species in the colonization process, followed by other groups (earthworms) that have settled in the planted forests. The study emphasizes the significance of a genetic approach to understanding the biodiversity of both groups. We believe that integrating both groups will improve the effectiveness of bioindicators in these areas. It is crucial to recognize the biodiversity of soil invertebrates for monitoring natural forests and developing effective reforestation policies, which are essential for fostering resilient ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40625329,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, Y and Yao, F and Shi, Z and Zhang, C and Liu, J and Zhang, J and Qin, Z},
title = {Integrated Analysis of Survival, Physiological-Biochemical, and Transcriptomic Changes Reveals the Impact of Saline Stress on the Freshwater Snail Pomacea canaliculata.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e71581},
pmid = {40625329},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Salinity is an important abiotic stress that affects metabolic and physiological activities, breeding, development, and growth of mollusks. In this study, we investigated the effects of a range of water salinity on the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, a highly invasive species and an important pest of rice. To examine the molecular response of P. canaliculata to salinity, we recorded young snails grown in a saline water environment for 4 months and compared their physiological and biochemical parameters with those of freshwater snails. We used RNA-seq analysis to identify genes and biological processes involved in response to salinity. The results showed that saline water stress reduced the survival rate of the snail population, increased their feeding rate and snail weight, and led to an increase in shell strength and thickness, as well as a significant widening of the overall shell morphology. In female snails, the activities of CAT, SOD, and T-AOC were significantly enhanced, while GSH activity, MDA content, and NOS activity showed significant decreases. In male snails, only MDA content exhibited a significant decrease, while ACHE activity showed a significant increase. Based on transcriptome analysis conducted for the liver and gills of the snails, a total of 1,569,678,584 raw reads were obtained from the nine libraries on the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. After preprocessing and the removal of low-quality sequences, 1,560,932,792 clean reads were generated. The number of upregulated and downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in male snails after the saline stress was higher than that in female snails. The DEGs mainly involved oxidative stress, cellular regulation, and response. Saline concentration inhibited the hatching of eggs to a certain extent. Different levels of saline stress significantly affected the contents of free water, bound water, and enzyme activity of their eggs at different hatching stages. These findings provide theoretical support for understanding the saline tolerance of snails.},
}
@article {pmid40625320,
year = {2025},
author = {Haque, S and Gamage, HKAH and Kardum Hjort, C and Ponton, F and Encinas-Viso, F and Paulsen, IT and Dudaniec, RY},
title = {Landscape-Wide Metabarcoding Shows Interactions Among the Gut Microbiome and Pollen Diversity in the Invasive Bumblebee, Bombus terrestris.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e71717},
pmid = {40625320},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Gut microbial communities can facilitate traits that are essential for invasive species survival in novel environments. Despite the global plethora of invasive social insect species, the role of the gut microbiome in colonisation success under novel dietary and environmental conditions is little known. The introduction of the European buff-tailed bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, to the island of Tasmania (Australia) ~30 years ago is of ecological concern due to its negative impacts on native vegetation and endemic bees. Here, we investigate how the gut microbiota of B. terrestris workers is affected by corbicular pollen diversity and environmental variation across diverse landscapes in an invaded island system. B. terrestris female workers were sampled from 19 sites across Tasmania, for which environmental data for seven variables were extracted. Using 16S rRNA and ITS2 metabarcoding on gut samples and foraged pollen, respectively, we examine how the gut microbiota of B. terrestris is influenced by pollen diversity, environmental variables and their interactions. Gut bacterial community composition was significantly predicted by site annual precipitation and the percentage of pasture, which each explained 9% of the variation. Gut bacterial diversity was also explained by precipitation and pasture (40% and 30% of the variation, respectively). Furthermore, a positive interaction between annual precipitation and annual temperature significantly predicted site gut bacterial diversity. The interaction effect of pollen diversity and summer wind velocity was also positively related to gut bacterial diversity. Our findings contribute to understanding how interactions between the local environment and pollen diet affect the bee gut microbiome and thus the health and success of invasive pollinators.},
}
@article {pmid40624608,
year = {2025},
author = {Acs-Szabo, L and Pfliegler, WP and Kovács, S and Adácsi, C and Rácz, HV and Horváth, E and Papp, LA and Murvai, KP and Király, S and Miklós, I and Péter, G and Pusztahelyi, T and Pócsi, I},
title = {Striking mycotoxin tolerance and zearalenone elimination capacity of the decaying wood associated yeast Sugiyamaella novakii (Trichomonascaceae).},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {422},
pmid = {40624608},
issn = {1471-2180},
mesh = {*Zearalenone/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; *Mycotoxins/metabolism ; Fusarium/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; *Saccharomycetales/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Trichothecenes/metabolism ; Fumonisins/metabolism ; T-2 Toxin/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mycotoxin-producing fungal species and their mycotoxins pose a global threat for crop production and for human and animal health. Given the increasing demand for healthier food and feed, alternative non-pesticide approaches for reducing fungal infections in crops and eliminating mycotoxin contamination in feedstock are becoming more prevalent. For such purposes, yeast species can be good candidates. Thus, the present study examined the mycotoxin tolerance and mycotoxin elimination ability of several yeast strains belonging to the Trichomonascaceae family.<br><br>RESULTS: While none of the tested yeasts inhibited the growth of different Fusarium species, several yeast strains exhibited tolerance to Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and fumonisin B1. Sugiyamaella novakii strains displayed exceptional tolerance for the tested mycotoxins. Besides, phylogenetic analyses suggested that tolerant species clustered more closely to each other than to the sensitive species. Although whole genome sequencing of S. novakii NCAIM Y.00986 revealed several enzyme-coding genes that may have a role in mycotoxin elimination, significant mycotoxin elimination was not achieved in the case of deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and fumonisin B1. However, S. novakii successfully eliminated zearalenone, likely due to cell wall adsorption rather than enzymatic degradation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of S. novakii for zearalenone detoxification and emphasizes the role of yeast cell walls in mycotoxin mitigation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40624566,
year = {2025},
author = {Varga, Z and Csiba, R and Ábrahám, &#xc1; and Pásztor, D and Németh, C and Kemenesi, G and Bányai, K and Kurucz, K},
title = {Investigating the impact of endemic mosquitoes and invasive Aedes species on the circulation of Dirofilaria nematodes.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {266},
pmid = {40624566},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 "National Laboratory for Health Security"//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 "National Laboratory for Health Security"//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/parasitology ; *Mosquito Vectors/parasitology ; Hungary/epidemiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Dirofilariasis/transmission/epidemiology/parasitology ; Humans ; *Dirofilaria/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne pathogens represent a growing challenge driven by environmental changes and the spread of invasive Aedes mosquitoes. Among pathogens endemic in Europe, Dirofilaria nematodes are of particular concern due to the increasing number of human infections. To understand their zoonotic potential, we aimed to assess the prevalence of filarioid nematodes in mosquitoes and reveal the potential vector species, considering their feeding behavior.<br><br>METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected from urban/suburban environments (P&#xe9;cs, Hungary) in 2022-2023 and tested for the presence of filarioid nematodes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Estimated infection rates with 95% CI were calculated, and descriptive statistics were applied.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 1015 tested mosquito pools (belonging to 21 species), 30 were positive for filarioid nematodes, including D.&#xa0;repens, D.&#xa0;immitis, Setaria tundra, and Setaria labiatopapillosa, with the highest prevalence and widest distribution of S.&#xa0;tundra. We revealed hotspots in the city where multiple filarioid species occurred. The presence of D.&#xa0;repens, relevant for humans, was confirmed in urban and suburban areas and near human infection cases. Among mosquitoes, Aedes vexans showed the highest positivity, harboring all identified parasites, while invasive Aedes albopictus and Aedes koreicus showed minimal/no infections. Moreover, we identified S.&#xa0;labiatopapillosa in urban areas in Hungary for the first time.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the potential role of Ae.&#xa0;vexans in transmission dynamics, while no evidence was found for the contribution of invasive mosquitoes, likely due to local environmental and behavioral factors. Our results emphasize the need for targeted vector monitoring and research to understand mosquito-borne parasites' epidemiology and public health implications, particularly in regions affected by invasive mosquitoes.},
}
@article {pmid40623205,
year = {2025},
author = {Liesenfelt, T and Markee, A and Demard, EP and Diepenbrock, LM and Mongue, AJ},
title = {Genome report: genome sequence of the hibiscus mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead), an invasive pest of citrus.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40623205},
issn = {2160-1836},
support = {//University of Florida/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/genetics ; *Genome, Insect ; *Citrus/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; *Genomics/methods ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Hibiscus/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Mealybugs are frequently known for being pest insects to both ornamental and large-scale agricultural crops. Yet despite their agricultural importance, the genomic resources for this group remain quite limited. One such species is the hibiscus mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae). This invasive mealybug species has recently expanded throughout Florida and has spread across the state. Genomic resources would provide a new means to better understand the invasive nature of this insect, and thus, we present the de novo genome assembly for N. viridis. Our genome assembly is 289 Mb, in which 91.2% of this sequence assembled into 5 chromosomal scaffolds. We report 15,370 genes to be present within our genome. We found that repetitive elements in the genome accounted for 32.40% of the sequence. These statistics follow similar trends to other previously sequenced Pseudococcidae species.},
}
@article {pmid40621983,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, B and Meng, R and Zhao, P and Zhao, F and Wang, Y and Deng, W and Yang, X and Liu, J and Tian, H},
title = {Uncovering dominant drivers of Erigeron annuus distribution in Dajiuhu-Shennongjia wetland using multiscale remote sensing data.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {10},
pages = {6791-6806},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70033},
pmid = {40621983},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {42471362//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022ZX01A25//Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang, China/ ; JD2023GJ01//Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang, China/ ; 2662021JC010//HZAU/ ; },
mesh = {*Remote Sensing Technology ; *Wetlands ; China ; *Introduced Species ; *Erigeron/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As a pernicious invasive species, Erigeron annuus (L.) pers. (EAP) poses a significant threat to the biodiversity and ecosystem in Dajiuhu-Shennongjia, China. Predicting potential areas of EAP invasion is essential for improving management efficiency and minimizing resource waste. Thus, we developed a new flowering index called the Erigeron Annuus Index (EAI) and combined it with multisource data fusion to map the EAP distribution, then built a predictive model using EAP occurrence data along with geographic and environmental drivers.<br><br>RESULTS: The EAI index performed well with both unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite platforms [UAV: overall accuracy (OA)&#x2009;=&#x2009;91.8%, Marco-F1&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.917; WorldView-2: OA&#x2009;=&#x2009;65.9%, Marco-F1&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.658; PlanetScope: OA&#x2009;=&#x2009;78.6%, Marco-F1&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.781]. Incorporating texture (e.g., vegetation roughness and heterogeneity) and temporal features (e.g., seasonal changes in reflectance) further improved accuracy at the satellite platforms (WorldView-2: OA&#x2009;=&#x2009;77.6%, Marco-F1&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.776; PlanetScope: OA&#x2009;=&#x2009;82.1%, Marco-F1&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.817). The predictive model demonstrated the ability to predict EAP distribution based on mean precipitation in September, distance to roads, elevation and slope aspect (OA&#x2009;=&#x2009;75.7%, Marco-F1&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.761).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The framework developed in this study can accurately monitor and predict the EAP distribution, providing crucial support for identifying potential invasion areas. The driver analysis results imply that resource availability and human activity are likely to be the drivers of the EAP dispersal. These findings will provide a scientific basis for the management of invasive species. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40621896,
year = {2025},
author = {Yue, K and Li, Y and Gao, Z and Liang, Y and Lu, Y and Wang, L},
title = {Advancing biocontrol strategies for red imported fire ants with emerging technologies.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {10},
pages = {6041-6061},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70038},
pmid = {40621896},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Guangdong Special Support Program-Leading Talents in Science and Technology Innovation/ ; //Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province/ ; //Science and Technology Talent and Platform Project of Yunnan/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Ants ; Introduced Species ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), ranked among the world's most invasive species, poses severe threats to biodiversity, agriculture, and public health, causing profound economic and ecological damage. Chemical insecticides remain the primary means of control once S. invicta becomes established, but their extensive use has led to environmental degradation and the evolution of resistance, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and sustainable alternatives. This review examines the current state of biological control resources for S. invicta, highlighting their effectiveness, limitations, and critical challenges, including environmental adaptability and non-target effects. To overcome these barriers, we explore advancements in genetic engineering, RNA interference, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence, which hold the potential to revolutionize biocontrol approaches by enhancing precision, efficiency, and sustainability. Building on these innovations, we propose a 'smart biocontrol system' that integrates real-time environmental monitoring with genetically optimized biocontrol agents, potentially supplemented by pest-resistant crops as one of several complementary strategies. This precision-driven framework minimizes ecological disruption while maximizing control efficacy, providing a scalable, long-term solution to S. invicta management. By uniting traditional biocontrol with state-of-the-art technologies, this approach envisions a transformative pathway for managing invasive species globally, aiming to establish a benchmark for future environmentally responsible pest control strategies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40621657,
year = {2025},
author = {Marcolin, F and Mammola, S and Alba, R and Segurado, P and Reino, L and Chamberlain, D},
title = {Socio-Economic Status and Non-Native Species Drive Bird Ecosystem Service Provision in Urban Areas.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {7},
pages = {e70311},
pmid = {40621657},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2020.06036.BD//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia/ ; CEECIND/00445/2017//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia/ ; PTDC/BIA-ECO/0207/2020//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia/ ; CN_00000033//NextGenerationEU/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Birds/physiology ; Cities ; *Biodiversity ; Spain ; *Ecosystem ; Portugal ; *Introduced Species ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Areas of higher socio-economic status within cities often support greater biodiversity than poorer areas, representing a form of environmental injustice. This inequality may result in lower income areas experiencing both lower cultural (e.g., bird aesthetics) and regulating (e.g., pest control) ecosystem service provision. Urban areas are also hotspots for non-native species, which can alter community functional structure and, consequently, ecosystem service provision. However, the influence of socio-economic status on services provided by both native and non-native urban biodiversity remains underexplored. We assessed how functional diversity related to avian cultural and regulating ecosystem services varied along the socio-economic gradient of functional urban areas (FUAs) in the Iberian Peninsula. Using breeding bird atlases from Spain and Portugal, we characterised bird communities in all FUAs, calculating species richness and functional dispersion based on traits linked to ecosystem services. We used generalised linear mixed models to examine relationships between diversity metrics and median household income. Additionally, we evaluated whether the presence of non-native species moderated community responses along the gradient. Both cultural and regulating ecosystem services were negatively associated with socio-economic status, while species richness increased with income. However, invaded communities supported higher species richness and cultural service provision than non-invaded ones. Our findings reveal a counterintuitive pattern in which ecosystem service provision is higher in lower-income areas, partly due to non-native species. These results underscore the need for urban management strategies that simultaneously address socio-economic and ecological inequalities, while considering the complex roles of non-native species in shaping urban biodiversity and its benefits.},
}
@article {pmid40621612,
year = {2025},
author = {Macdonald, KJ and Driscoll, DA and Craig, MD and Davis, RA and Hromada, SJ and Gienger, CM and Fitzgerald, LA and Leavitt, DJ and Walkup, DK and Abom, R and Wayne, AF and Friend, GR and Johnson, B and Stokeld, D and Dickman, CR and Thompson, SA and Thompson, GG and Bohórquez Fandiño, DF and Woolley, CK and Smith, AL and Irvine, C and Jessop, TS and Keehn, JE and Feldman, CR and Santos, X and Belliure, J and Pausas, JG and Weiss, SL and Fleming, PA and Dundas, S and Westaway, DM and Duncan, SE and Doherty, TS},
title = {Cross-Continental Analysis Shows That Disturbance Effects on Reptile Body Condition Do Not Predict Abundance Responses.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {7},
pages = {e70295},
pmid = {40621612},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Parks Victoria/ ; //Barrick Kanowna/ ; //Norilsk Nickel/ ; //Northern Australian Environmental Resources Hub/ ; //Northern Territory Department of Lands, Planning and Environment/ ; //Australian Government's National Environmental Science Program/ ; //Charles Darwin University/ ; //OMG Cawse Nickel Operations/ ; AD9031596//Australian Research Council/ ; LP170101134//Australian Research Council/ ; //Edith Cowan University/ ; //Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment/ ; //Placer Dome Asia Pacific Kalgoorlie West Operations/ ; //M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust/ ; A18615230//Australian Research Grant Scheme/ ; //Threatened Species Recovery Hub/ ; //Minerals Research Institute of Western Australia/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Reptiles/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; New Zealand ; Population Dynamics ; Australia ; Spain ; Population Density ; United States ; },
abstract = {Ecological disturbances are discrete events that alter or transform the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of ecosystems. Disturbance can cause animal populations to decline and, according to the risk-disturbance hypothesis and population collapse framework, these declines can be predicted by declines in animal body condition. However, no research has empirically examined the general relationship between body condition and abundance, nor their relationship in response to disturbance. We used a combined dataset representing 33 studies and > 42,000 observations of 75 species from Australia, New Zealand, Spain and the United States of America to test predictions relating to the relationship between reptile body condition and abundance. We first investigated the relationship at the site level and then used meta-analytical models to test whether populations showed linked changes in abundance and body condition in response to disturbance. We further tested whether key environmental and species traits influenced this relationship and whether there was a time-lagged effect of body condition responses on abundance. We found a positive relationship between mean reptile body condition and abundance at the site level. However, the relationship was largely lost when investigating population responses to disturbance. As such, our results provided no support for the risk-disturbance hypothesis and limited support for the population collapse framework. Therefore, the impacts of disturbance on reptile body condition cannot be assumed to reflect or predict abundance responses. We provide a new conceptual framework that shows how disturbances can modify or uncouple the relationship between abundance and body condition by influencing underlying drivers, such as predation, competition and resource availability. Monitoring programs that infer population impacts based on changes in body condition should first confirm the relationship between these two variables in the relevant study system.},
}
@article {pmid40620582,
year = {2025},
author = {Soto, KM and Edmonds, D and Colton, AL and Britton, MR and Hardin, FO and Fischer, EK},
title = {Fortune may favor the flexible: environment-dependent behavioral shifts in invasive coquí frogs.},
journal = {Current zoology},
volume = {71},
number = {3},
pages = {362-372},
pmid = {40620582},
issn = {1674-5507},
abstract = {Biological invasions are a major driver of global biodiversity loss, impacting endemic species, ecosystems, and economies. Although the influence of life history traits on invasive success is well-established, the role of behavior in the invasive potential of animals is less studied. The common coquí frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a highly successful invader in Hawai'i. We build on previous research characterizing changes in physiology and morphology to explore behavioral variation across the invasive range of coquí in Hawai'i. Coquí have expanded both outward and upward from their initial introduction site, and-by comparing frogs from different densities and elevations-we specifically asked how the physiological challenges of high-elevation living interact with the competitive challenge of high-densities at population centers. To investigate whether differences in the field represent local adaptation or behavioral plasticity, we additionally evaluated behavior following acclimation to a shared laboratory environment. Although we identified only subtle behavioral variation among populations in the field, we found that individuals from all populations became less bold, active, and exploratory in the laboratory, converging on a similar behavioral phenotype. Alongside previous work, our results suggest that coquí adjust their behavior to local environmental conditions across their invasive range and that behavioral flexibility may contribute to invasive success.},
}
@article {pmid40619940,
year = {2025},
author = {Vietorisz, CR and Nash, JA and Siggers, JA and Leander, EJ and Bock, BM and Camuy-Vélez, LA and Hall, AJ and Jaros, JE and Kuehn, KA and Lai, EY and Mounts, IR and Bacy, IJ and Dagg, CE and Anderson, IC and Carnegie, AJ and Powell, JR and Brewer, JS and D'Antonio, CM and Hynson, NA and Vilgalys, RJ and Hoeksema, JD},
title = {Pine-fungal co-invasion alters whole-ecosystem properties of a native eucalypt forest.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {247},
number = {5},
pages = {2342-2356},
pmid = {40619940},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {DE-SC0025147//Biological and Environmental Research/ ; 0923063//National Science Foundation/ ; 2124922//National Science Foundation/ ; 1953299//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Eucalyptus/microbiology/physiology ; *Pinus/microbiology/physiology ; *Forests ; *Introduced Species ; *Fungi/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil/chemistry ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; New South Wales ; },
abstract = {Pine-fungal co-invasions into native ecosystems are increasingly prevalent across the southern hemisphere. In Australia, invasive pines slowly spread into native eucalypt forests, creating novel mixed forests. We sought to understand how pine-fungal co-invasions impact interconnected above- and belowground ecosystem characteristics. We sampled beneath mature Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus racemosa in a pine-invaded eucalypt forest in New South Wales, Australia. We measured microbial community composition via amplicon sequencing of 16S, ITS2, and 18S rDNA regions, microbial metabolic activity via Biolog plate substrate utilization, and soil, leaf litter, and understory plant characteristics. Pines were associated with decreased topsoil moisture, increased pine litter, and decreased eucalypt litter total phosphorus content. Soils and roots beneath pines had distinct microbial community composition and activity relative to eucalypts, including decreased bacterial diversity, decreased microbial utilization of several C- and N-rich substrates, and enrichment of pine-associated ectomycorrhizae. Introduced suilloid fungi were abundant across both pine and eucalypt soils and roots. Many ecosystem impacts increased with pine size. Invasive pines and their ectomycorrhizae have significant impacts on eucalypt forest properties as they grow. Interconnected impacts at the scale of individual trees should be considered when managing invaded forests and predicting effects of pine invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40617060,
year = {2025},
author = {Manara, E and Seuffert, ME and Martín, PR},
title = {Sterility induced by heat stress on the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is reversible but even short exposures cause long reproductive delays in females.},
journal = {Journal of thermal biology},
volume = {131},
number = {},
pages = {104187},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104187},
pmid = {40617060},
issn = {0306-4565},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; *Snails/physiology ; Male ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Reproduction ; Introduced Species ; Fertility ; Hot Temperature ; },
abstract = {Pomacea canaliculata is an invasive South American apple snail with multiple impacts and high costs, especially in subtropical and tropical areas. However, experimental cohorts experience negative demographic effects at 30 °C and complete sterility at 35 °C. We aimed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to explore if exposure to 35° could be used for mass production of sterile P. canaliculata as safe agents for inundative control of aquatic weeds. Therefore, we tried to estimate the minimum exposure time required to induce sterility, whether it affects both sexes equally and if it is reversible or not. Experimental females and males were separately exposed to 35 °C for zero (control), one, two, three and five months, after which were maintained at 25 °C. They were coupled with consort snails of the opposite sex reared at 25 °C. The results indicate that exposure to 35 °C strongly delayed the onset of reproduction in females, and to a lesser degree in males and that sterility is reversible after a return to 25 °C. This clearly indicates that exposure to 35° cannot be used for the mass production of sterile P. canaliculata for safe biocontrol of aquatic weeds. Although fecundity and viability of egg masses were mostly unaffected by exposure to 35 °C, even a one-month exposure to 35 °C doubles the age at which females produce viable egg masses, hence increasing generation time and reducing population growth rate. Heatwaves increasing in frequency, duration and intensity due to climatic change, may have unexpected demographic consequences for both invasive and vulnerable apple snails.},
}
@article {pmid40616853,
year = {2025},
author = {Herrera, C and Leza, M and Gallardo, B},
title = {Global risks posed by hornets to the provision of crop pollination.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {391},
number = {},
pages = {126471},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126471},
pmid = {40616853},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Agriculture/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Climate Change ; *Crops, Agricultural/growth &amp; development ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring ; Ecology ; Food Chain ; Food Security ; Introduced Species ; *Pollination ; Predatory Behavior ; *Wasps/physiology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Hornets pose significant risks to pollinator-dependent crop production, threatening food security and ecosystem health. This study provides a spatial evaluation of current and future exposure of pollinator-dependent crops to hornet predation, focusing on the potential impacts of their predatory behaviour on insect pollinator populations. More than half of current hornet observations globally are concentrated in areas with high pollination dependent crop production of southern Asia, central Europe, and North America, where they can cause the greatest harm. Up to 6 % of global pollinator-dependent croplands are projected to become hornet hotspots by 2070. Crops under highest exposure to hornets include soybeans in North America, apples in Europe and watermelon in Asia. Hornet expansion, facilitated by global shipping and climate change, increases pressure on insect pollinator populations, negatively affecting crop yields and quality. We emphasize the need for effective management strategies, including early detection and control measures, to mitigate these risks. This research provides critical spatial insights to inform policy decisions aimed at safeguarding pollination services essential for sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid40616113,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramdini, C and Calvez, E and Houy, O and Gréaux, C and Dollin, C and Pocquet, N and Almeras, L and Sonor, F and Déliscar-Jourdan, G and Vega-Rúa, A},
title = {First report of Aedes albopictus in Saint Barthélemy (French West Indies) confirmed by morphological, molecular and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry approaches.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {258},
pmid = {40616113},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {"Une sant&#xe9;" 2021-2027//Programme Op&#xe9;rationnel FEDER-Guadeloupe-Conseil Regional/ ; "Une sant&#xe9;" 2021-2027//Programme Op&#xe9;rationnel FEDER-Guadeloupe-Conseil Regional/ ; "Une sant&#xe9;" 2021-2027//Programme Op&#xe9;rationnel FEDER-Guadeloupe-Conseil Regional/ ; ARS/DSS/N&#xb0;2023-08//Collaboration convention Regional Health Agency and Institut Pasteur Guadeloupe/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology/classification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; *Mosquito Vectors/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics/classification ; Guadeloupe ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Introduced Species ; Female ; },
abstract = {Aedes albopictus is a mosquito vector of arboviruses that is native to southeast Asia. However, this invasive species has spread worldwide. It arrived in the Caribbean in 1993, but had never been recorded in the French Territories of the Americas. We report here the first detection of Aedes albopictus in Saint Barthélemy, Guadeloupe confirmed by morphological criteria, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene barcoding. The presence of this invasive mosquito species in Saint Barthélemy, an island with daily aerial or maritime connections to the French Departments of the Americas, raises concerns about the risk of its introduction into these territories, as well as into other Caribbean countries. It also emphasizes the urgent need to locally reinforce vector surveillance and control measures to prevent the further spread of this mosquito vector.},
}
@article {pmid40615450,
year = {2025},
author = {Qin, Y and Wang, Z and Li, J},
title = {Chromosome-level genome assembly of Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green, 1935 (Hemiptera: Coccidae).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1147},
pmid = {40615450},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/genetics ; *Genome, Insect ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; *Chromosomes, Insect ; },
abstract = {Soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are significant polyphagous pests and majority of which are invasive species. The 364.14 Mb chromosome-level genome of Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus was assembled in this work, with a contig N50 length of 6.16 Mb and scafold N50 length of 21.24 Mb. Approximately 99.89% of assembled sequences were anchored into 18 chromosomes with the assistance of Hi-C reads. Furthermore, approximately 53.98% of the genome was composed of repetitive elements. In total, 10,475 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 9503 (90.72%) genes were functionally annotated. The BUSCO analysis demonstrated the completeness of the genome annotation is 92.54%. This genome represents first high-quality chromosome level assembly of Coccidae, thereby advancing our knowledge of Coccidae insects and developing effective management strategies that protect crops, forests, and natural ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40613750,
year = {2025},
author = {He, J and Sun, P and Wang, C and Jiang, F and Pan, X and Chen, K},
title = {Ecological niche comparisons of 3 polyphagous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species using ensemble models with soil variables.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {4},
pages = {1802-1812},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf143},
pmid = {40613750},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2023YFF0614400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Tephritidae/physiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; *Animal Distribution ; Introduced Species ; Climate ; },
abstract = {Invasive polyphagous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species, including Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), Zeugodacus tau (Walker), and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), pose significant threats to agricultural and food security, particularly in Southeast Asia. This study aims to develop and evaluate species distribution models to predict the potential distribution of the 3 tephritid species based on climatic, soil, and topographic factors. Individual models and ensemble models were employed and tested to identify suitable areas across the region. The study also assesses the ecological niches of the 3 species across key environmental gradients. Our findings highlight that soil factors, often overlooked in predictive modeling, play a critical role in shaping their distributions and improving model prediction accuracy. The outperformance of ensemble models is further demonstrated among different modeling algorithms. The results provide valuable insights into the ecological niches of these invasive fruit fly species, and underscore the necessary of incorporating soil factors in model predictions, to improve invasive risk assessments and inform biosecurity measures.},
}
@article {pmid40611690,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, Y and Song, Y and Hong, J and Ou, Y and Chen, M and Wu, J and Chen, H and Liang, M and Lu, Y},
title = {Arthropod diversity dynamics in guava and cherimoya plantations affected by Solenopsis invicta invasion.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70119},
pmid = {40611690},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {2022B1111030002//Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province/ ; 2021YFD1000500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2025B04J0001//Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou/ ; 2023TX07A017//Guangdong Special Support Program-Leading Talents in Science and Technology Innovation/ ; 202405AF140082//Science and Technology Talent and Platform Project of Yunnan (Academician and Expert Workstation)/ ; 2023YFN0030//Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology in Sichuan Province/ ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, RIFA) is one of the most ecologically disruptive invasive species, yet its impacts on arthropod biodiversity within subtropical orchard agroecosystems-particularly guava (Psidium guajava) and cherimoya (Annona cherimola) plantations-remain insufficiently quantified. This study investigated how RIFA invasion influences arthropod community composition, diversity and trophic group dynamics across these 2 plantation systems in southern China. Results indicated that RIFA invasions significantly reduced both order- and family-level richness and evenness. Arthropod order richness declined markedly in invaded areas, with only 8 orders detected in invaded cherimoya plots compared to 11 in non-invaded plots. At the family level, diversity decreased by 75% in guava plantations (from 8 to 2 families) and by 60% in cherimoya plantations (from 10 to 4 families). In invaded plots, RIFAs constituted over 80% of the total arthropod population. Hedges' g effect sizes further revealed substantial increases in overall arthropod abundance (+277.62%) and RIFA-specific abundance (+357.42%), coupled with significant declines in family richness (-16.29%) and non-RIFA arthropod abundance (-22.78%). Piecewise structural equation modeling indicated that RIFA exerted strong, negative impacts on detritivores and omnivores, while herbivores were less affected, indirectly suppressing predators by reducing their prey base. Collectively, these findings suggested that RIFA invasion drove pronounced taxonomic homogenization, functional simplification and trophic imbalance within agricultural landscapes. Effective, long-term monitoring and biodiversity-focused management strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the ecological degradation driven by RIFA invasions in these critical agroecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40610591,
year = {2025},
author = {Ravikanthachari, N and Boggs, CL},
title = {Differences in gene expression and genetic variation underlying preference-performance mismatches: insights from a specialized native herbivore on an invasive toxic plant.},
journal = {Heredity},
volume = {134},
number = {8},
pages = {461-472},
pmid = {40610591},
issn = {1365-2540},
mesh = {Animals ; *Herbivory/genetics ; Oviposition ; Female ; Larva/genetics/physiology ; *Genetic Variation ; Introduced Species ; Transcriptome ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {Specialist phytophagous insects have a narrow hostplant range for optimal development and survival. Mismatches between female oviposition preference and larval performance can lead to high fitness costs. Understanding the mechanistic basis of this decoupling can help us understand evolutionary constraints and aid in predicting outcomes of error-prone oviposition. We investigated the causes for preference-performance mismatches in a specialist native herbivore laying eggs on an invasive toxic plant. Transcriptomic analyses revealed host-plant-specific gene expression signatures in larvae feeding on different plants, while there was no differential gene expression in gustatory/olfactory organs of adult females with different oviposition preferences. However, genomic analysis revealed significant genetic differentiation in several genes underlying signal transduction in adult females with different oviposition preferences. The larvae feeding on toxic plants showed lower expression of specialized detoxification enzymes and higher expression of general digestive enzymes, indicating the inability of larvae to detoxify toxic compounds present in the toxic plants. We additionally found that genes related to successful detoxification and adaptive feeding were enriched in larvae feeding on native plants, while genes related to toxic responses, apoptosis, and accelerated development were enriched in larvae feeding on toxic plants. Our findings dissect the underlying mechanisms behind a preference-performance mismatch, quantifying the impact of error-prone oviposition on larval performance in a specialized species interaction.},
}
@article {pmid40610560,
year = {2025},
author = {El-Alfy, MA and Abd El-Hamid, HT and Kacem, HA and Keshta, AE},
title = {Assessment of invasive aquatic plant dynamics in the Lake Burullus wetland complex integrating remote sensing techniques.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {23701},
pmid = {40610560},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Remote Sensing Technology/methods ; *Introduced Species ; *Lakes ; Water Quality ; Egypt ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Biodiversity ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {The spread of invasive aquatic species in canals and wetlands poses significant challenges, including reduced water availability, disruption of native biodiversity, and obstruction of irrigation infrastructure. This study examines the distribution and environmental associations of two prominent invasive species Pontederia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes within the Lake Burullus wetland in Egypt. Field surveys were conducted to assess plant morphology and abundance, alongside measurements of water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate (PO4-P), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrite (NO2-N), nitrate (NO3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), turbidity, and oxidizable organic matter (OOM). Remote sensing data, particularly the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), were used to monitor the spatial and seasonal dynamics of Pontederia in the Elshaklouba drain. The findings indicated that plant abundance was associated with specific water quality variables; however causality could not be determined due to the observational design of the study. NDVI analysis confirmed increased Pontederia densities during the summer months, consistent with field observations. The study also documented local management practices, primarily mechanical removal and the use of physical barriers, and briefly compared these with biological and integrated control strategies reported in recent literature. Additionally, the potential application of these species in phytoremediation and bioenergy applications is discussed, underscoring their dual role as both ecological threats and potential resources.},
}
@article {pmid40609430,
year = {2025},
author = {Shi, X and Li, WT and van Kleunen, M and Li, L and Zheng, YL},
title = {Indirect competitive advantages of invasive over native plants under multiple stressors.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {391},
number = {},
pages = {126422},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126422},
pmid = {40609430},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Herbivory ; Animals ; *Plants ; Snails ; Droughts ; Phosphorus ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The success of invasive alien plants is often ascribed to competitive advantages they have over native plants. Based on differences in intra- and interspecific competition, we propose three mechanisms: invasive species may alleviate intraspecific competition (self-regulation hypothesis); invasive species exert stronger suppressive effects on native species than other invasive species (competitive suppression hypothesis); invasive species tend to exhibit greater tolerance to native neighbors than native species (competitive tolerance hypothesis). In addition, we consider that competitive advantages can also be dependent on environmental factors, although few studies have tested this. Here, we tested the different mechanisms and their context dependence in a large competition experiment using two aliens and five co-occurring native plants in the presence and absence of an herbivorous snail, under drought and well-watered conditions, and with low and high phosphorus availability. Although intraspecific competition did not significantly differ between the alien and native species, we found that natives had a more negative neighbor effect on other natives than on aliens under well-watered conditions, particularly when there was also phosphorus limitation or herbivory. Similarly, aliens were worse neighbors for natives than for other aliens under well-watered conditions. Overall, these results suggest that conditions of non-limiting water availability, particularly when combined with phosphorus limitation or the presence of herbivores, might result in successful invasion by alien species.},
}
@article {pmid40609146,
year = {2025},
author = {Motloung, RF and Chaisi, ME and Sibiya, MS and Nyangiwe, N and Shivambu, TC},
title = {Predicting tick distributions in a changing climate: An ensemble approach for South Africa.},
journal = {Veterinary parasitology},
volume = {338},
number = {},
pages = {110528},
doi = {10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110528},
pmid = {40609146},
issn = {1873-2550},
mesh = {South Africa/epidemiology ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Ticks/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; Ecosystem ; Tick Infestations/veterinary/epidemiology ; Forecasting ; },
abstract = {Predicting the potential distribution of disease vectors is crucial for vector management and disease transmission surveillance. This study aims to assess changes in the geographic projection of the ecological niche of ticks of veterinary, public health, and economic importance in South Africa, and to predict areas suitable for their establishment under current and future climate scenarios. We used a suite of six algorithms within the ensemble modelling framework of the biomod2 package in R version 4.4.2 to produce species distribution models for current (2021-2040) and future (2041-2060) climate scenarios. Six bioclimatic variables, representing a range of biophysical and anthropogenic factors, were used in combination with tick presence-only occurrence data submitted to SANBI's Integrated Publishing Toolkit by tick species experts. The model outputs indicate that all 10 tick species will likely experience range shifts over time (2021-2060). All species are projected to gain significant portions of suitable ranges in the future. Notably, Rhipicephalus microplus is predicted to gain the most, with a 14 % increase in its suitable range in South Africa. This predicted range expansion could potentially disrupt ecological balances in the ecosystems it is likely to occupy. Native species such as Amblyomma hebraeum and Hyalomma rufipes are predicted to expand their ranges by 10 and 9 %, respectively, while others may gain less than 6 % of their potential ranges The overall predicted range expansion could also introduce new disease dynamics, potentially leading to increased pathogen transmission, host switching and higher incidences of diseases in humans and animals in currently unaffected areas. The study provides baseline information to support ongoing monitoring and adaptive management strategies to mitigate the negative impacts associated with ticks on ecosystems, public health, and agriculture. The results will help inform tick control programs in South Africa and other similar environments. South Africa must adopt a comprehensive One Health approach to tick management to address the challenges posed by invasive species like R. microplus, which threaten livestock health and have significant veterinary and economic impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40607628,
year = {2025},
author = {Jackson, D and McNew, S},
title = {The Invasion History of New Zealand Starlings Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing and Historical Records.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {20},
pages = {e70016},
doi = {10.1111/mec.70016},
pmid = {40607628},
issn = {1365-294X},
}
@article {pmid40607565,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeng, ZY and Yu, HX and Zhou, QM and You, JJ and Li, WH},
title = {The role of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the replacement of Mikania micrantha by Pueraria lobata.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {1849-1858},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.006},
pmid = {40607565},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {*Pueraria/growth &amp; development ; *Ammonia/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Mikania/growth &amp; development ; *Soil Microbiology ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen/metabolism/analysis ; *Introduced Species ; Soil/chemistry ; *Bacteria/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {We investigated the role of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the process of Pueraria lobata replacement for controlling the invasive plant, Mikania micrantha. We examined the effects of P. lobata replacement on the regeneration of M. micrantha, plant nitrogen absorption, soil nitrogen transformation, and ammonia-oxidizing microbial communities. The results demonstrated that one year after P. lobata replacement, there were significant increases in soil total nitrogen (109.4%), ammonium (78.1%), and nitrate (20.3%), accompanied by a remarkable 213.0% elevation in the net nitrification rate. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria AOB-amoA gene copy number was significantly increased, which was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Results of random forest model analysis showed that comammox clade A.2 and AOB jointly dominated the nitrification process. The soil net nitrification rate, AOB-amoA gene copy number, and plant tissue total nitrogen content were identified as the primary factors influencing the relative cover of P. lobata. The enhanced activity of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms improved soil nitrogen conversion efficiency, giving P. lobata a competitive advantage over M. micrantha in nitrogen uptake and accumulation, thereby effectively inhibiting the regeneration of M. micrantha.},
}
@article {pmid40607555,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, MY and Liang, ZY and Shu, Q and Nao, ZC and Chen, Y and Zeng, ZF and LA, Q and Wang, JW},
title = {Predicting potential distribution and adaptability of the invasive plant Bidens pilosa in China based on the MaxEnt model.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {1749-1758},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.028},
pmid = {40607555},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {China ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Bidens/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Climate Change ; *Models, Theoretical ; Forecasting ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Bidens pilosa, a globally invasive plant species, poses a significant threat to ecosystems and agricultural production in China. To evaluate its potential expansion in China, particularly its habitat suitability under climate change, we predicted its distribution with natural distribution data and 31 environmental variables (climate, soil, topography, and human activity factors) under the MaxEnt model. Future changes in suitable habitats were simulated under the SSP245 and SSP585 climate scenarios. The results showed that the model exhibited high predictive accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89. Temperature and precipitation were the primary influencing factors, accounting for 82.6% and 12.6% of the contribution, respectively. Currently, suitable habitats were predominantly located in southern and central-eastern China. The suitable habitats were projected to expand toward eastern and northern Tibet, particularly into ecologically fragile regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, climate change would exacerbate invasion risks.},
}
@article {pmid40607497,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Y and Li, Y and Shuai, F and Britton, JR and Li, J},
title = {Phylogenetic Relatedness Predicts Extinction Risk of Native Freshwater Fishes From Non-Native Fishes Across a Latitudinal Gradient.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {7},
pages = {e70320},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70320},
pmid = {40607497},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {32002391//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Pearl River Fishery Resources and Habitat Investigation Project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ ; 2023TD10//Pearl River Fisheries Resources Investigation &amp; Evaluation Group Project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/genetics/physiology/classification ; *Phylogeny ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Introduced Species ; Fresh Water ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The strength of the interspecific interactions between non-native and native species influences the subsequent invasion impacts, with stronger interactions and thus more severe impacts predicted when the species are phylogenetically close and co-exist at lower latitudes. Although work demonstrates non-native fish are more likely to invade areas which have phylogenetically closely related species present, the impacts of these invaders on the native species remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of global freshwater fish occurrence data to test the phylogenetic niche conservatism hypothesis in co-occurring native and non-native freshwater fishes, assess whether non-native fishes drive extinctions of phylogenetically closely related native species, and evaluate how this varies with latitude. Phylogenetic niche conservatism was evident in co-occurring non-native and native fishes, with their morphometric trait dissimilarity significantly correlated with their phylogenetic distance. Extinct freshwater fishes were found to be more closely related to co-occurred non-native species than were species of other conservation statuses. However, the relationship between the extinction probability of native freshwater fishes and their phylogenetic relatedness to non-native species was context-dependent, varying with latitude and across biogeographical realms. At higher latitudes, native fishes closely related to non-native species had a higher probability of extinction, whereas at lower latitudes, closely related native species were less likely to become extinct. Thus, the extinction risks posed by non-native fish vary spatially and depend on their phylogenetic relatedness to native species, both of which are recommended for consideration in invasion risk management programmes.},
}
@article {pmid40605760,
year = {2025},
author = {Lueje, YR and Jácome, A and Fagúndez, J and Servia, MJ},
title = {Trapping is not effective for limiting damage by Vespa velutina in vineyards.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {10},
pages = {6768-6778},
pmid = {40605760},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Program LEADER Galicia 2014-2020/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Farms/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Insect Control/instrumentation/methods ; Spain ; *Wasps ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Vitis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vespa velutina is an invasive hornet that harms biodiversity, human health and agricultural products such as grapes. The use of baited traps is a popular method among producers to counteract its impact. However, their efficiency in agricultural settings has not been tested systematically. We investigated whether the use of traps is an effective method to reduce damage in vineyards, as well as the influence of trap and vineyard characteristics on the captures of V. velutina and nontarget insects in two areas of Galicia, NW Spain.<br><br>RESULTS: We observed significant differences in bunch damage by V.&#x2009;velutina among and within areas, but unrelated to grape sugar content. We found no evidence of any positive effect of trapping in reducing damage, even if the density of traps is doubled or tripled. Commercial traps capture higher numbers of V.&#x2009;velutina and by-catch than homemade traps. Captures of V.&#x2009;velutina peaked in summer, and no significant differences were observed between areas or plots, whereas captures of by-catch were highly variable.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The multifactorial nature of V.&#x2009;velutina damage in vineyards, and the high proportion and diversity of by-catch in traps make trap use unadvisable based on the present state of knowledge. Notwithstanding this, trapping before harvesting, when most damage happens, showed the highest selectivity and thus, was the least harmful trapping system to native entomofauna. More sustainable and effective methods of vineyard management and crop protection should be tested to guarantee the future of this productive sector in highly invaded areas. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40603999,
year = {2025},
author = {Cui, L and Qiu, J and Berger, U and Cao, M and Li, W and Jiang, J},
title = {Comparing and quantifying the ecological niches of the saltmarsh grass Spartina alterniflora and major mangrove species in China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {23604},
pmid = {40603999},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Jiangxi Forestry [2022] No.40, [2022] No.382//Wetland Conservation and Restoration Project Subsidy by Central Finance/ ; 41701225//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022SY06//Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology Project/ ; },
mesh = {China ; *Poaceae/physiology ; *Wetlands ; Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Rhizophoraceae/physiology ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {The concept of niche similarity is crucial for understanding species invasions. An in-depth understanding of different niches can aid in developing effective control strategies, not only at the community level but also in population interactions. In this study, we investigated the invasion of Spartina alterniflora in China by selecting nine major mangrove species along the Chinese coast. Utilizing an ensemble species distribution model (ESDM), we compared the niche characteristics of these mangroves with S. alterniflora. We found that S. alterniflora has a broad latitudinal adaptability (39.22-21.67˚N), significantly greater than the mangroves. Excoecaria agallocha has the largest potential distribution area (74,729 km[2]), while Kandelia obovata shows the widest climatic adaptability (latitude: 30.85˚N to 18.19˚N). The ecological niches of the mangroves and S. alterniflora overlap (D.overlap: 0.015-0.254, Niche similarity index: 0.044-0.551), driven by different species-specific factors. K. obovata and S. alterniflora have the highest niche similarity due to the similarities in precipitation during the driest month and precipitation seasonality. Overall, mangroves in China are vulnerable to invasion by S. alterniflora. Strengthening mangrove protection is essential for their healthy development, especially under frequent extreme weather conditions, with a focus on protecting K. obovata.},
}
@article {pmid40603756,
year = {2025},
author = {Pesarakloo, A and Mousavizadeh, F and Mirkamali, SJ and Najibzadeh, M and Esmaeilbeigi, M},
title = {Chemical composition of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) impacts developmental stages of Bufotes sitibundus: threat of an invasive plant to the amphibian species.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology (London, England)},
volume = {34},
number = {8},
pages = {1406-1418},
pmid = {40603756},
issn = {1573-3017},
mesh = {Animals ; *Eichhornia/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Larva/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Bufonidae/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Metamorphosis, Biological/drug effects ; *Plant Extracts/toxicity ; *Plant Weeds/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Invasive species threaten biodiversity by disrupting biological interactions. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is recognized as one of the world's top 100 weed species and among the ten worst aquatic weeds. This study examines the impact of extracts from this non-native invasive plant on the survival, growth, and metamorphosis of Bufotes sitibundus larvae, a species of anuran amphibian. Due to the presence of phenolic compounds and heavy metals, invasive plants can significantly affect anuran development, yet these threats remain largely unstudied in amphibians. We observed increased mortality in larvae exposed to water hyacinth extracts, which we attribute to reduced oxygen availability linked to high concentrations of phenolic compounds, such as (E)-23-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3.beta.-ol and 3-Hydroxyspirost-8-en-11-one, as well as the terpenoid gibberellin A3. These phenolic compounds may impair gill function, contributing to decreased survival rates. Additionally, the presence of heavy metals in the extracts adversely impacts survival, growth, body length, and metamorphosis. The invasive water hyacinth can lead to significant alterations in pond ecosystems, producing both direct and indirect effects on amphibian survival. Our findings offer crucial insights into the effects of water hyacinth extracts on amphibians, encompassing egg development, growth, mortality, and metamorphosis, potentially impacting the biology and ecology of Bufotes sitibundus during the critical developmental stages.},
}
@article {pmid40603367,
year = {2025},
author = {Gevaert, CM and Aguiar Pedro, A and Ku, O and Cheng, H and Chandramouli, P and Dadrass Javan, F and Nattino, F and Georgievska, S},
title = {Explainable few-shot learning workflow for detecting invasive and exotic tree species.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {23238},
pmid = {40603367},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {18091//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research)/ ; },
mesh = {*Trees/classification ; *Introduced Species ; Workflow ; *Deep Learning ; Brazil ; Algorithms ; Forests ; Unmanned Aerial Devices ; Neural Networks, Computer ; },
abstract = {Deep Learning methods are notorious for relying on extensive labeled datasets to train and assess their performance. This can cause difficulties in practical situations where models should be trained for new applications for which very little data is available. While few-shot learning algorithms can address the first problem, they still lack sufficient explanations for the results. This research presents a workflow that tackles both challenges by proposing an explainable few-shot learning workflow for detecting invasive and exotic tree species in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images. By integrating a Siamese network with explainable AI (XAI), the workflow enables the classification of tree species with minimal labeled data while providing visual, case-based explanations for the predictions. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed workflow in identifying new tree species, even in data-scarce conditions. With a lightweight backbone, e.g., MobileNet, it achieves an F1-score of 0.86 in 3-shot learning, outperforming a shallow CNN. A set of explanation metrics, i.e., correctness, continuity, and contrastivity, accompanied by visual cases, provide further insights about the prediction results. This approach opens new avenues for using AI and UAVs in forest management and biodiversity conservation, particularly concerning rare or understudied species.},
}
@article {pmid40601033,
year = {2025},
author = {Nariman, N and Entling, MH and Krehenwinkel, H and Kennedy, S},
title = {The Microbiome of an Invasive Spider: Reduced Bacterial Richness, but no Indication of Microbial-Mediated Dispersal Behaviour.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {88},
number = {1},
pages = {70},
pmid = {40601033},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spiders/microbiology/physiology ; *Microbiota ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Introduced Species ; Symbiosis ; Europe ; Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Mermessus trilobatus, an invasive North American linyphiid spider, has expanded its invasion range up to 1400 km in Europe, accelerating its dispersal speed in less than 40 years. The high heritability of dispersal behaviour and the spatial sorting of high and low dispersers indicate a genetic basis of dispersal behaviour. However, microbial endosymbionts can moderate dispersal behaviour in related species (Rickettsia in Erigone atra). Hence, dispersal behaviour in M. trilobatus might also be dictated by the activity of dispersal-mediating endosymbionts. Here, we investigated the microbiome of invasive M. trilobatus spiders extracted from (1) high- and low-dispersive individuals and (2) spiders originating from locations close to the edge and core of the expansion. We examine the microbiomes for the presence of potential dispersal- and reproduction-mediating bacterial strains and compare the microbial assemblages of spiders based on their dispersal behaviour and locations of origin. The composition of microbial assemblages was similar among spiders of different geographic origins and dispersal behaviour. However, microbial richness was lower in high- than in low-dispersive individuals. Surprisingly, none of the known dispersal- or reproduction-altering endosymbionts of arthropods was identified in any tested spider. This contrasts with published results from North America, where M. trilobatus is a known host of Rickettsia and Wolbachia. Thus, the invasive European population appears to have lost its associated endosymbionts. As endosymbionts can reduce spider mobility, it is possible that their absence facilitates the spread of the invasive spider population. The absence of endosymbionts among the analysed individuals substantiates the role of genetic mechanisms behind the variable dispersal behaviour of invasive M. trilobatus in Europe.},
}
@article {pmid40600780,
year = {2025},
author = {Stewart, PS and Hill, RA and Oduor, AMO and Stephens, PA and Whittingham, MJ and Dawson, W},
title = {Multi-Species Impacts of Invasive Opuntia Cacti on Mammal Habitat Use.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {7},
pages = {e70163},
pmid = {40600780},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {//Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Iapetus2 Doctoral Training Partnership/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; Kenya ; *Mammals/physiology ; *Opuntia/physiology ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions impact ecosystems worldwide, including through changing the behaviour of native species. Here, we used camera traps to investigate the effects of invasive Opuntia spp. on the habitat use of 12 mammal species in Laikipia County, Kenya, an internationally important region of mammalian biodiversity. We found that Opuntia impacted mammal occupancy and activity. These effects were evident when Opuntia was considered at both site level and landscape scales; however, some mammal species showed different responses to increasing Opuntia at these two scales. The effects of Opuntia were generally context dependent, with their strength and direction varying among mammal species and between seasons. As well as having important implications for mammal conservation, ecosystem functioning and the future spread of Opuntia, our findings highlight behavioural changes in large mammals as a potentially important pathway through which invasive species impact ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40600371,
year = {2025},
author = {Funari, R and Parvizi, E and Cucini, C and Boschi, S and Cardaioli, E and Potter, DA and Asano, SI and Toubarro, D and Jelmini, L and Paoli, F and Carapelli, A and McGaughran, A and Frati, F and Nardi, F},
title = {Whole Genome Resequencing Reveals Origins and Global Invasion Pathways of the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {16},
pages = {e70008},
pmid = {40600371},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {861852//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; //Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, "Dalla ricerca all'impresa", Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Coleoptera/genetics ; Japan ; *Genome, Insect ; *Genetics, Population ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Europe ; Selection, Genetic ; United States ; },
abstract = {Invasive species are an increasing global threat given their ability to rapidly spread and adapt to novel environments. The adverse ecological and economic impacts of invasive species highlight the critical need to understand the mechanisms that underpin invasion processes and success. The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, is an invasive pest of remarkable interest, as it feeds on hundreds of economically valuable plant species. It has been expanding outside of its native range in Japan since the first decades of the 20th century, colonising large areas of North America and, more recently, Europe. Here, we compared whole-genome resequencing data from individuals encompassing the entire species distribution to study the geographic differentiation of P. japonica populations and reconstruct expansion routes from Japan to the USA and Europe. We found six genomically distinguishable clusters, corresponding to the approximate colonisation areas at a continental scale. Our analysis supported an ancestral divergence between South and North/Central Japan, with the latter being the source of the initial invasion to the USA. Coalescent simulations supported independent bridgehead events from the USA to the Azores and Italy. We also investigated possible signals of selection to better understand the adaptive mechanisms that underlie the invasion success of P. japonica. However, the absence of strong selection signatures suggested that the beetle's adaptive ability might be embedded in pre-existing genomic features. Our comprehensive genome-wide dataset allowed a detailed inference of the invasion process and may be useful in determining the origin of P. japonica individuals in future invasion events.},
}
@article {pmid40600057,
year = {2025},
author = {Martin, E and Chanfi, AN and Viginier, B and Raquin, V and Valiente Moro, C and Minard, G},
title = {A major entomoparasite interferes with the chikungunya virus transmission by Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {mLife},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {337-341},
pmid = {40600057},
issn = {2770-100X},
abstract = {The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is an invasive species that spreads diseases like chikungunya and has caused outbreaks worldwide. Studies show that mosquito-associated microbes can affect disease transmission. One of those microbes, the parasite Ascogregarina taiwanensis, is common in native and settled mosquito populations (>3 years after introduction) but rare in recently introduced ones. We found that this parasite slows down the spread of the chikungunya virus within the mosquito and decreases its transmission rate by half. Unparasitized mosquitoes spread the virus more easily, suggesting that changes in mosquito-associated microbes could impact disease outbreaks and public health.},
}
@article {pmid40596413,
year = {2025},
author = {Wilcken, CF and da Mota, TA and de Oliveira, CH and de Carvalho, VR and Benso, LA and Gabia, JA and Wilcken, SRS and Furtado, EL and Schiff, NM and de Camargo, MB and Ribeiro, MF},
title = {Sirex obesus (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) as invasive pest in pine plantations in Brazil.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {22522},
pmid = {40596413},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; *Pinus/parasitology ; *Hymenoptera/genetics/classification/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Female ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Male ; },
abstract = {The genus Sirex (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) consists of 29 species including the Sirex Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, which is the main insect pest of pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere including Brazil. In 2023, a species of Sirex similar to S. noctilio was discovered in Southeastern Brazil infesting pine plantations and causing tree mortality of up to 40%. We definitively identified this species as Sirex obesus based on both morphological characters and DNA barcodes. It is a species indigenous to the Southwestern United States and Northern and Central Mexico with little information available regarding its biology and control. This is the first record of S. obesus in Brazil and the first record of the species outside of North America. We document details about S. obesus occurrence in Brazil, describe preliminary damage caused in pine plantations and provide a partial list of natural enemies.},
}
@article {pmid40596352,
year = {2025},
author = {Barriga-Medina, N and Decker, T and Ramirez-Villacis, DX and León-Reyes, AE and Dong, V and Worley, C and Ruales, C and Pieterse, C and Leon-Reyes, A},
title = {Exploring fungal pathogens to control the plant invasive Rubus niveus on Galapagos Island San Cristobal.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {20358},
pmid = {40596352},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {POA 010//Galapagos Science Center/ ; 001//SPINOZA GRANT/ ; 007//Caja Chica Grant/ ; },
mesh = {*Rubus/microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Fungi/pathogenicity/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Ecuador ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Fruit/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The Galapagos ecosystem faces threats from invasive species displacing native and endemic species. Rubus niveus (Hill raspberry) is particularly problematic invasive plant, covering approximately 30,000 hectares across the archipelago and rapidly outcompeting native vegetation. Current control methods, such as manual removal and herbicide application, have proven ineffective. This research aimed to identify endemic fungi pathogenic to R. niveus for potential population suppression. To achieve this goal, we sampled leaves, fruits, and stems of R. niveus in the agricultural areas of San Cristobal, Galapagos. Microbiome composition analysis of healthy and diseased R. niveus leaves revealed differences in fungal communities, representing a greater abundance of pathogenic genera in diseased tissue. These genera included Alternaria, Septoria, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, and Phanerochaete, representing well-known pathogens. Among 595 fungi isolated from Hill raspberry samples with lesions, 226 were tested for pathogenicity on healthy Hill raspberry leaves, resulting in five possible candidates consistently causing lesions. Further characterization through morphology and DNA analysis confirmed these candidates as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Fusarium concentricum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Penicillium rolfsii. Future research will explore the suitability of these fungal pathogens as biocontrol agents of invasive Hill rapberry.},
}
@article {pmid40595666,
year = {2025},
author = {Xia, W and Xu, H and Liu, Y and Jiang, H and Shi, J and Wu, Y and Yu, Y and Li, X and Fan, W and Zhang, Y and Xu, L},
title = {Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of Pterygoplichthys pardalis.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1091},
pmid = {40595666},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; *Chromosomes ; *Catfishes/genetics ; },
abstract = {Suckermouth catfishes, with their evolved powerful features, have become notorious invasive species, causing significant damage to aquatic ecosystems. However, the lack of high-quality genomes severely restricts research on this group within the field. In this study, we de novo assembled the chromosome-level genome assembly of Pterygoplichthys pardalis using multiple platforms of sequencing data, including Illumina short reads, Nanopore long reads, and Hi-C sequencing reads, resulting in a 1.51 Gb genome assembly. Multiple evaluations, including read mapping ratio (98.52%), transcript mapping ratio (99.61%), conserved BUSCO gene set (98.8%), and N50 score (49.47 Mb), indicated the high continuity and accuracy of the genome assembly we generated. Genome annotation found that 0.97 Gb of genome sequences are repetitive sequences, accounting for 64.47% of the genome assembly. Further, 23,859 protein-coding genes were successfully predicted, 92.92% of which could be annotated in functional databases. This high-quality genome assembly of P. pardalis provides a valuable resource for understanding the genetic underpinnings of P. pardalis's invasive success and offers critical data for future fisheries research and management.},
}
@article {pmid40595436,
year = {2025},
author = {Tossou, E and Tepa-Yotto, GT and Goergen, G and Tchigossou, GM and Tchouakui, M and Nguete, DN and Amadou, L and Noussourou, M and Bokonon-Ganta, AH and Wondji, C and Tamò, M and Djouaka, R},
title = {Genetic variation associated with increased lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in West Africa.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {21812},
pmid = {40595436},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {214201/Z/18/Z awarded to Rousseau Djouaka//Wellcome Trust International Intermediate Fellowship/ ; 81235252 GA//German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)/ ; /WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; Grant NER-17-0005//Royal Norwegian Embassy in Niger/ ; Grant MLI-17-0008//Royal Norwegian Embassy in Mali/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/genetics/drug effects ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; *Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; *Nitriles/pharmacology ; Africa, Western ; *Genetic Variation ; Zea mays/parasitology ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a new serious destructive and widespread pest of corn which recently invaded subtropical regions worldwide. As this invasive species is spreading across the continent, it is vital to assess its susceptibility to currently used insecticides and establish the potential underlying resistance mechanism to better inform control programmes. In this study, we characterized the strains from eighteen fall armyworm populations from different countries in West Africa, established their susceptibility profiles to the main insecticides and genotyped the target site resistance alleles. The RFLP-PCR method showed that the majority of the population tested was a corn strain (72.5-100%) compared to the probable rice strain (0-27.5%). Tpi sequencing of the suspected rice strains revealed that almost all the samples analysed were from corn (> 97%). Additionally, the three insecticides tested, λ-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and emamectin benzoate induced susceptible to moderate toxicity against this pest. Synergism tests performed to investigate the biochemical mechanism used by fall armyworm to breakdown λ-cyhalothrin indicated that metabolic enzymes (oxydases, esterase and the glutathion-S-transferase) play moderate roles in the resistance of λ-cyhalothrin observed in western Africa. Target mutation tests (qPCR) combined with previous synergetic tests showed that resistance to organophosphates and pyrethroids could be due to a biochemical mechanism + amino acid mutations (presence of the F290V mutation) or a biochemical mechanism (absence of the T929I mutation), respectively. The results of this study provide valuable information for supporting decisions related to sustainable fall armyworm control and applied resistance management.},
}
@article {pmid40595312,
year = {2025},
author = {Acosta, AL and Castro, MC and Laporta, GZ and Conn, JE and Sallum, MAM},
title = {Future global distribution and climatic suitability of Anopheles stephensi.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {22268},
pmid = {40595312},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {R01 AI110112/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI110112/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 303382/2022-8//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {*Anopheles/physiology ; Animals ; *Malaria/transmission/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; Climate Change ; Climate ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector, is expanding into new regions and poses a growing global health threat. Using a robust multi-model framework with eight algorithms and high-resolution climate data, this study assessed and mapped current and future global climate suitability for the species, incorporating demographic data to estimate populations at risk in different scenarios. Currently, An. stephensi can thrive in 13% of the Earth's surface, affecting nearly 40% of the global population. Projections indicate that suitable areas could exceed 30% by 2100, exposing up to 56% of the world's population, including in previously malaria-free regions such as North America, Europe, and Oceania. Spread may occur via maritime traffic, wind dispersal, and natural range expansion. These findings highlight the urgent need for global monitoring and control strategies, emphasizing the importance of integrating climate change projections into urban malaria prevention efforts to protect vulnerable populations and support global malaria elimination goals.},
}
@article {pmid40595299,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, B and Shen, L and Pan, Z and Pan, C and Zeng, G},
title = {Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil substrate on invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {21461},
pmid = {40595299},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {mygccrc[2022]051//the Fundamental Research Funds for the high-level talent project of Moutai Institute/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Amaranthaceae/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Biomass ; *Soil/chemistry ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; China ; Plant Leaves/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants, using their hyphae to enhance nutrient uptake and promote plant growth. Alternanthera philoxeroides, an invasive species, poses a significant threat to agriculture, forestry, and urban ecosystems in China. However, there is a lack of research on how AM fungi influence invasive plants under varying environmental conditions. This study explored the effects of two AM fungal strains and four substrate types on A. philoxeroides. The results showed that the mycorrhizal dependency of A. philoxeroides ranged from 6.09% and 37.21%. Plant height and root length of A. philoxeroides were primarily shaped by substrate quality. AM fungi significantly enhanced root and aboveground biomass, especially under nutrient-poor conditions. Leaf area increased in response to fungal inoculation, while leaf number was regulated by substrate nutrients. Overall, AM fungi promoted biomass accumulation, particularly when combined with nutrient-enriched substrates, underscoring their potential application in invasive plant management. Therefore, future management strategies should divide invaded areas into distinct control zones based on gradients of soil nutrient levels, with special attention given to key regions for targeted monitoring and prevention.},
}
@article {pmid40594579,
year = {2025},
author = {Moustapha, LM and Sanda, AH and Mukhtar, MM and Muhammad, A and Einoi, HK and Aliyu, YY and Adamu, S and Moudalabi, TM and Lawali, IY and Moussa, AD and Soumaila, H and Adehossi, E and Ibrahim, ML and Doutchi, M and Ibrahim, SS},
title = {First detection and entomological characterisation of invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in sympatry with other vectors in Gayi Southern Niger Republic.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {22647},
pmid = {40594579},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anopheles/genetics/parasitology/classification ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics/parasitology ; Niger/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Malaria/transmission/parasitology ; *Sympatry ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Introduced Species ; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Anopheles stephensi, an invasive vector is aggressively expanding its geographic range across Africa, posing significant threat to malaria control. Surveillance of its spread is crucial for mitigating its impact on malaria transmission. Here, we report for the first time incursion of An. stephensi into Gayi, a rural area in southern Niger Republic. A combination of morphological identification, end point PCR and sequencing of fragments of COXI and ITS2 genes confirmed An. stephensi. This species was found resting indoor together with other mosquitoes, including An. coluzzii, An. gambiae s.s., and An. arabiensis. Entomological parameters, including resting densities, human blood index and biting rate, Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate, and entomological inoculation rate were described for the above Anopheles species. The finding of An. stephensi sympatric with the above major malaria vectors in Niger highlights the urgent need for intensified surveillance to develop evidence-based approaches to prevent further spread of this pervasive vector.},
}
@article {pmid40592775,
year = {2025},
author = {Nadolny, H and Oki, Y and Kenedy-Siqueira, W and Santos, MP and Hernández-García, LM and Negreiros, D and Figueiredo, JCG and Goulart, FF and Brown, GG and Fernandes, GW},
title = {Devastating Rio Doce mining disaster sends shockwaves through earthworm populations.},
journal = {Journal of environmental quality},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {1788-1803},
pmid = {40592775},
issn = {1537-2537},
support = {APQ-00031-19//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais/ ; 316258/2021-0//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 406757/2022-4//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {*Disasters ; *Mining ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Oligochaeta/physiology ; Animals ; Brazil ; Introduced Species ; Biomass ; Soil/chemistry ; Animal Distribution ; Rivers/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The Fundão dam breach is considered one of the most severe environmental mining disasters globally, causing widespread changes to the soils of the Rio Doce watershed, one of Brazil's most important catchments. Given the ecological importance of earthworms to soil structure and dynamics, we investigated the richness, abundance, and biomass of both native and invasive earthworm species in riparian zones along the Rio Doce to understand their responses to the altered soil conditions. Sampling was conducted in reference and impacted sites across five municipalities in Minas Gerais: Mariana, Rio Casca, Ipatinga, Conselheiro Pena, and Aimorés. We identified eight species-two invasive (Amynthas gracilis and Pontoscolex corethrurus) and six native (two Rhinodrilus, three Righiodrilus, including at least two undescribed species, and one Ocnerodrilidae species)-with native biomass approximately five times lower in impacted sites compared to reference sites. Furthermore, the new tailings environment altered the relationships between soil properties and earthworm abundance for both native and invasive species. These findings indicate that native earthworms are less tolerant of the disturbed soil conditions than invasive species, which may contribute to shifts in community composition. The disruption of soil-fauna interactions underscores the long-term ecological consequences of mining-related disturbances and highlights the need for restoration efforts that consider belowground biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid40592461,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Ge, Y and Bever, J and Kardol, P and Cornelissen, JHC and Gao, S and Chen, T and Yan, QD and Yu, FH},
title = {Shift in relative importance of complementarity and selection drives different effects of community evenness on richness-invasibility relationships.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2050},
pages = {20250496},
pmid = {40592461},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//the National Key R&amp;D program/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {How biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning is context-dependent. Species richness of a plant community may influence its resistance to exotic plant invasions. However, it remains unexplored how species evenness affects richness-invasibility relationships and whether this effect is context-dependent. We constructed experimental communities with different richness and evenness levels and let them be invaded by the exotic annual Conyza canadensis or not in both xeric and mesic sites. Community invasibility was negatively correlated with species richness at both high and low evenness in the xeric site, but only at high evenness in the mesic site. In the xeric site, complementary use of soil water resources among native species was the main mechanism driving negative richness-invasibility relationships at both evenness levels. In contrast, in the mesic site, selection for dominant native species superior for light competition was the main driver. Here, changing evenness altered height differences between the dominant native species and the invader, leading to the different richness-invasibility relationships. Therefore, the relative importance of complementarity and selection effects drives different effects of community evenness on richness-invasibility relationships. Our study demonstrates that impacts of community evenness on richness-invasibility relationships depend on how changes in evenness alter the functional traits of communities governing resource utilization.},
}
@article {pmid40592459,
year = {2025},
author = {Renault, D and Rantier, Y and Convey, P and Bergerot, B},
title = {Evolution of dispersal capacities during range expansion: size and behaviour matter in an arthropod invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2050},
pages = {20251136},
pmid = {40592459},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//British Antarctic Survey/ ; //Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //Institut &#xe9;cologie et environnement/ ; //Institut Polaire Fran&#xe7;ais Paul Emile Victor/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology/enzymology/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Animal Distribution ; *Biological Evolution ; Introduced Species ; Antarctic Regions ; Body Size ; Locomotion ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The flexibility of movement behaviour was investigated in the non-native carabid beetle, Merizodus soledadinus, by comparing individuals from well-established populations (residents) to those at the invasion front (dispersers) in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago. Morphology-dispersal covariation was tested by examining how morphology translates into dispersal efficiency and endurance by implementing in-field measurements of dispersal path, sinuosity and tortuosity. The activities of the enzymes phosphoglucose isomerase and pyruvate kinase were also measured to compare putative physiological changes associated with dispersal and residence. In general, the results obtained confirmed that insects from more recently invaded habitats were characterized by larger body sizes. Furthermore, adults of M. soledadinus sampled at the invasion front were also characterized by higher locomotor performance, as indicated by longer dispersal paths with less directional changes than their relatives from the founder population. Finally, the activity of the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase, a powerful estimator of individual dispersal capacity, was higher in insects from invasion fronts. Taken together, our findings consistently indicated that beetles collected from populations at invasion front with the shortest residence times were characterized by enhanced dispersal performance, probably explaining the accelerating range expansion of the species.},
}
@article {pmid40592446,
year = {2025},
author = {Sherratt, E and Böhmer, C and Callou, C and Nelson, TJ and Pillai, R and Ruf, I and Sanger, TJ and Schaar, J and Le Verger, K and Kraatz, B and Geiger, M},
title = {From wild to domestic and in between: how domestication and feralization changed the morphology of rabbits.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2050},
pages = {20251150},
pmid = {40592446},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Rabbits/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Domestication ; *Biological Evolution ; *Skull/anatomy &amp; histology ; Animals, Wild/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Animals, Domestic/anatomy &amp; histology ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {One of the world's most recognizable domestic animals is the rabbit, domesticated from the European rabbit. Domestication can drive morphospace expansion into novel phenotypes not observed in their wild counterparts; the consequences of feralization are less understood. Through these processes, we examine how humans have inadvertently driven great morphological change in this species. Characterizing skull morphological variation in a global sample of 912 wild, feral and domesticated specimens, we show that both domestication and feralization of rabbits have resulted in novel morphologies that leverage evolutionary patterns ubiquitous in the leporid clade: allometry and facial tilt are the principal axes of variation in rabbits as seen across species of Leporidae. However, rabbits diversified into regions of morphospace not explored by other species of their family. Although feralization of rabbits cannot be regarded as a 'reversal' to the wild form, we found they occupy an intermediate position, as well as their own allometric trajectory. Such insights from human-induced and environmentally driven morphological change of domestics and feral animals, respectively, reveal how novel morphologies can evolve at the macroevolutionary level. Future studies may elucidate the evolutionary, functional and developmental drivers and constraints of the cranial patterns observed in the rabbit.},
}
@article {pmid40592378,
year = {2025},
author = {Basak, A and Bairagi, N},
title = {Success, failure and collapse of an ecological system due to the introduction of a generalist super-predator.},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
volume = {612},
number = {},
pages = {112198},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112198},
pmid = {40592378},
issn = {1095-8541},
mesh = {Animals ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; Population Density ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Food Chain ; Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; },
abstract = {Species reintroduction is an effective strategy to save endangered species. New species are also introduced for economic purposes or to control the density of some other species. However, not all species introduction programs are successful. In this article, using mathematical models and the theory of dynamical systems, we explain a species introduction program's success, failure and collapse due to introducing a generalist super-predator in a predator-prey system. Our study reveals that the persistence of the introduced species with the others mainly depends on two factors: the population density of the native species at the time of the third species' introduction and the population density of the introduced species. Further, we show that the introduced species can have significant negative impacts on native species, often leading to their replacement by themselves. In extreme cases, this disruption can result in the extinction of native prey and predators along with the introduced species. This novel study may find applications in conservation biology and species control mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid40592300,
year = {2025},
author = {Kletou, D and Benayahu, Y and Michail, C and Kleitou, P and Constantinou, G and McFadden, CS},
title = {The non-indigenous tropical octocoral Carijoa established in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {107327},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107327},
pmid = {40592300},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology/genetics ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Introduced Species ; Environmental Monitoring ; Coral Reefs ; Cyprus ; },
abstract = {The Mediterranean Sea is warming at a rate exceeding the global average, facilitating the proliferation of thermophilic non-indigenous species, a process known as tropicalization. Despite over 1000 thermophilic marine species introductions, only two non-indigenous octocorals have been documented. This study presents photographic, taxonomic and genetic evidence that a third non-indigenous octocoral, the snowflake coral, Carijoa cf. riisei, has successfully colonized Limassol, Cyprus, a maritime hub in the eastern Mediterranean. Genetic analyses suggest that the snowflake coral is likely of Indo-Pacific origin, marking a northern expansion of its known biogeographic range. The snowflake coral is a common biofouler and produces planktonic larvae that can be transported through ballast water, which have contributed to its wide distribution in tropical and sub-tropical marine environments. Characterized by rapid growth, it can overgrow and smother local benthic invertebrates, significantly altering benthic community structures in invaded areas. Detected colonies survived and grew, and within a few years, dense colonies appeared, carpeting the hard substrata at adjacent sites. This recent proliferation raises concerns that a new invasion is underway. In the eastern Mediterranean, the snowflake coral has the potential to occupy the empty ecological space created by invasive herbivorous species and transform the seascape of vulnerable barren subtidal reefs to one where marine animal forests are the dominant feature. Our findings highlight the urgent need for ecological surveys to monitor the dynamics of this invasive octocoral and its potential role in driving ecological change, providing essential insights during the early stages of invasion.},
}
@article {pmid40590810,
year = {2025},
author = {Manz, D and Oten, KLF and Sorenson, CE and Whitehill, JGA and Jetton, RM},
title = {Evaluating the post-harvest survival and emergence of elongate hemlock scale from Fraser fir Christmas trees.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2394-2403},
pmid = {40590810},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Female ; *Abies/growth &amp; development ; North Carolina ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The elongate hemlock scale (Fiorinia externa Ferris; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is an invasive insect that originated in Japan and was first detected in North America in Queens NY in 1908. It has since become a significant post-harvest pest of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.), posing regulatory problems for the North Carolina Christmas tree industry which produces trees that are sold and moved across the country. Observations by specialists suggest that crawlers, one of two mobile stages of the insect, can emerge from eggs on host material for an extended period, potentially spreading this scale to new areas. However, research into crawler emergence under variable conditions, as well as the duration harvested Fraser fir can sustain live egg-producing adult female elongate hemlock scale (and thus prolong crawler emergence) is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated these insects' post-harvest activity on cut Fraser fir. In our first study, we evaluated weekly crawler emergence from Fraser fir trees and branches between two post-harvest treatments (baled and unbaled) under constant conditions for 7 wk. The second experiment aimed to simulate a Christmas tree's post-harvest lifecycle, over 13 wk, from lot (outdoor) to home (indoor) to discarding (outdoor). Our results show that crawlers continue to emerge from post-harvest Fraser fir for up to 40 and 90 d in our seven- and 13-wk studies, respectively. Moreover, we found live females with eggs present for up to 50 d post-harvest. These findings highlight the potential risk of introducing this scale to new areas via Fraser fir Christmas tree shipments.},
}
@article {pmid40589589,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, RF and Yisilamu, AD and Zhao, CY and Guo, YJ and Zhang, X and Zhang, SS and Yan, ZG and Bai, YF and Wang, YJ},
title = {Plant-Earthworm Interaction Favors Invasive Alien Plants Over Natives in Cd-Contaminated Environments.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e71538},
pmid = {40589589},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Plant-earthworm interaction confers fitness advantages to the plants, including growth promotion, nutrient uptake, tolerance, and resistance to heavy metal (HM) contamination. Plant dominance and plant-soil nutrient cycle processes of plant invasion in contaminated environments can be mediated by plant-earthworm interaction. However, little is known about whether different functional groups of invasive plants can gain an advantage in HM-contaminated soils when regulated by plant-earthworm interaction. We conducted an experiment to examine the effects of Cadmium (Cd) (with or without) and earthworms (with or without) on the growth of both native and invasive species of legume, grass, and forb functional groups. We found that Cd reduced the biomass of native species and changed the root mass fraction and root-shoot ratio, while earthworms increased the aboveground mass of invasive species. When contaminated with Cd, earthworms increased the aboveground mass of invasive nonlegumes (grasses and forbs) while reducing the biomass loss of invasive legumes. In turn, invasive plants had a positive effect on earthworm mass. The mutually beneficial relationship between earthworms and invasive species in Cd-contaminated environments can enhance the competitive edge of invasive species over natives. This may facilitate invasive species spread, potentially risking Cd contamination and food chain transmission, threatening ecosystems biodiversity, environmental health, and human health. Thus, earthworm management may be an important measure to control the spread of invasive species in Cd-contaminated areas, particularly invasive nonlegumes.},
}
@article {pmid40587186,
year = {2026},
author = {Daughtrey, M and Gray, J and Calabro, J and Hong, C},
title = {Fighting Against Invasive Species Through Global and Stakeholder Partnerships-A Case Study of Boxwood Blight.},
journal = {Plant disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {PDIS01250210SC},
doi = {10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0210-SC},
pmid = {40587186},
issn = {0191-2917},
abstract = {Boxwood blight, caused by the fungus Calonectria pseudonaviculata, is an emerging destructive disease in the United States that has destroyed numerous crops and plantings including many of historic significance. To help the environmental horticulture industry and the public effectively manage this disease, the Boxwood Blight Insight Group organized a series of International Boxwood Seminars with invited speakers primarily from Europe and New Zealand, areas where this disease was studied for more than a decade before its 2011 discovery in the United States. These seminars reached all sectors of the industry and other major stakeholder groups in 46 states as well as Washington DC. Within the audience, 69% were "multipliers," with educators at 34%, industry leaders at 27%, and Master Gardeners at 8%. These webinars promoted the shift of U.S. boxwood production to more resistant cultivars and the migration of production to blight-free or less-affected states. They also facilitated the adoption of best management practices for nurseries and private and public landscapes. These procedural shifts have helped improve boxwood health in nursery production and plantings and sustain growth in boxwood demand. In addition to providing Americans with the perspectives of scientists in countries where the disease was first found, these webinars reached stakeholders in 24 other countries on five continents. The seminars allowed the development of an exemplary, award-winning global partnership. The free exchange of information on an international basis helped safeguard and promote agricultural biosecurity under the ever-increasing pressure of invasive pathogens and pests.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.},
}
@article {pmid40586491,
year = {2025},
author = {Komar, K and Gaździński, S and Borecka, A and Maculewicz, E},
title = {Invasive and native mosquitoes in Europe, including Poland, as vectors transmitting pathogens - implications for wellbeing of Armed Forces.},
journal = {Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {167-172},
doi = {10.26444/aaem/193428},
pmid = {40586491},
issn = {1898-2263},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Climate Change ; *Culicidae/physiology/classification/growth &amp; development ; Europe ; *Introduced Species ; *Military Personnel ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/virology/parasitology ; Poland ; *Vector Borne Diseases/transmission/parasitology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Mosquitoes play a crucial role as vectors transmitting various pathogens, including parasites and viruses, which cause serious diseases worldwide, such as malaria, dengua or West Nile virus. Both invasive and native species are capable of spreading tropical diseases, which endanger troops stationing in areas rich in mosquitos. The aim of the review is to analyze current knowledge about the distribution of mosquito species in Europe, including Poland, and the factors influencing their presence.<br><br>REVIEW METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The search included key words related to mosquitoes, vector-borne diseases, and climate change. Data were supplemented with information from the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).<br><br>Invasive mosquitoes, such as Aedes albopictus, have been spreading in Europe since the 1990s. Rising temperatures and global movement of people and goods are the main driving forces of this phenomenon. Even native European mosquito species, like Culex spp., are able to transmit tropical diseases. The European Mosquito Control Association is developing mosquito control programmes but they are not sufficiently implemented.<br><br>SUMMARY: Mosquitoes transmit various viral and parasitic diseases. The presence of invasive exotic mosquitoes in Europe is linked to developments in transportation and climate change. Rising temperatures enable mosquitoes to adapt to new regions previously free of them. This issue requires effective protective measures and competent personnel to implement vector control methods.},
}
@article {pmid40586238,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, X and Platin, R and Unger, A and Shenkar, N and Zhan, A},
title = {Interplay of Multilayered Transcriptomic Plasticity in Response to Temperature Fluctuations During Biological Invasions: A Case Study in Invasive Styela plicata.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {14},
pages = {e70013},
doi = {10.1111/mec.70013},
pmid = {40586238},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {32101352//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32061143012//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32471740//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Transcriptome/genetics ; *Urochordata/genetics ; Mediterranean Sea ; Temperature ; Alternative Splicing ; Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Cold Temperature ; },
abstract = {Phenotypic plasticity is a crucial responsive strategy for invasive species to colonise new habitats. Rapid plastic responses enable invaders to instantly survive environmental fluctuations during invasion processes; however, the interplay and relative contributions of different plastic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we exposed the invasive ascidian Styela plicata from the Mediterranean Sea to a time series of high- and low-temperature stress to investigate the multilayered transcriptomic plasticity mechanisms, including gene expression, alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA). We observed rapid, pervasive and diverse responsive changes, with more genes exhibiting expression changes than those showing APA and AS changes. Approximately 50% differentially alternatively spliced genes and differentially expressed APA genes also exhibited differential expression under heat stress; however, this proportion declined to 34% under cold stress, suggesting stronger interactions among plastic mechanisms in response to heat stress and greater independence under cold stress. Although a considerable proportion of responsive genes were commonly triggered by both heat and cold stress, we found more pronounced gene expression plasticity and greater flexibility under heat stress, which may help explain S. plicata's preference for tropical and subtropical habitats. Whereas cold stress induced a greater number of AS events and distinct AS profiles, with a consistent trend of exon skipping across all stress durations. Altogether, our findings reveal environment-dependent interactions among distinct plastic response mechanisms and highlight the importance of post-transcriptional regulatory strategies. Our insights into the complex interplay of multilayered transcriptomic plasticity contribute to a deeper understanding of their roles in adaptive evolution.},
}
@article {pmid40583810,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Y and Jia, K and Guo, X and Li, Y and Zhu, Y and Zhang, R and Wu, Q and Feng, Y},
title = {Novel diamide insecticide, tetraniliprole, inhibits the population growth and development of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) with different susceptibility levels, through its lethal and sublethal effects.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2570-2587},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf158},
pmid = {40583810},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2023YFD1401200//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Moths/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; *Insecticides ; Larva/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; Population Growth ; Pupa/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; Insecticide Resistance ; Female ; },
abstract = {The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a significant invasive species globally, inflicting considerable damage on tomato industry. Tetraniliprole is a new type of diamide insecticides, which can effectively control lepidoptera insects. In this study, we investigated both the acute toxicity and sublethal effects of tetraniliprole on T. absoluta populations exhibiting varying susceptibility levels. The results indicated that the LC50 of tetraniliprole for the susceptible strains (SX-S) and tetraniliprole-selection strains (Tet-R) were 0.31 and 21.22 mg·L-1, respectively. The Tet-R strain showed 68.45-fold higher resistance than the SX-S strain. Tetraniliprole exposure at LC10 and LC30 significantly prolonged larval duration in F0 generation SX-S and Tet-R strains. The pupal stage, pupal weight, and fecundity of the SX-S strain were significantly decreased, while only pupal weight was significantly reduced in the Tet-R strain. Moreover, LC30 of tetraniliprole significantly affected the r, λ, R0, and T of the Tet-R strain but had no significant impact on the SX-S strain. Additionally, sublethal tetraniliprole concentrations showed transgenerational effects on the F1 generation. The egg stage of the SX-S and Tet-R strains were significantly prolonged. Tetraniliprole significantly affected the R0, T and GRR of the SX-S strain, while only T was significantly affected in the Tet-R strain. In conclusion, tetraniliprole inhibited the growth and development of T. absoluta. Moreover, different susceptibility levels significantly influenced the sublethal effects and transgenerational effects of tetraniliprole on T. absoluta. These findings serve as a reference for the scientific use of tetraniliprole, and the IPM of T. absoluta.},
}
@article {pmid40583797,
year = {2025},
author = {Alto, BW and Kizgin, AD and Toroslu, AM and Arslanhan, BA and Diop, SD and Pekmezci, GZ and Sanchez, Y and İbiş, O and Inci, A and Yildirim, A},
title = {Larval competition between invasive Aedes albopictus and resident Culex pipiens mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Türkiye in the presence of an insect growth regulator.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {62},
number = {5},
pages = {1146-1161},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjaf079},
pmid = {40583797},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {//University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/growth &amp; development/physiology/drug effects ; *Culex/growth &amp; development/physiology/drug effects ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology/drug effects ; Female ; *Pyridines/pharmacology ; *Juvenile Hormones/pharmacology ; *Competitive Behavior/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The spread of the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus in Türkiye may influence other vectors and traits related to their ability to transmit arboviruses. Interspecific competition between Ae. albopictus and the resident vector of West Nile virus (WNV), Culex pipiens can influence WNV transmission through changes in the abundance of Cx. pipiens and the phenotypic traits of adults. Furthermore, environmental factors can modify interspecific competition, especially if the factor differentially impinges upon the superior competitor. To improve our understanding of competition's influence on traits of mosquitoes that relate to arbovirus transmission, we tested 2 hypotheses: Exposure to the insecticide pyriproxyfen alters interspecific competition among larval Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens, and competitive asymmetry favoring Ae. albopictus over Cx. pipiens alters survival of adult females. Interspecific and intraspecific larval competition were evaluated with 2 detritus types and in the presence or absence of pyriproxyfen. Higher intra- and interspecific competition reduced survivorship to adulthood, lengthened development, and yielded smaller sized adults of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens. The presence of pyriproxyfen had minimal impact on the competitive outcomes. Interspecific interactions exhibited competitive asymmetry with Ae. albopictus being competitively dominant over Cx. pipiens. Survival of adult females was differentially compromised under high competition conditions. Adult survival was lengthened for Ae. albopictus and shortened for Cx. pipiens derived from interspecific conditions relative to intraspecific treatments. These results demonstrate how competitive asymmetry among the larvae of an invasive and resident mosquito can influence recruitment of adults and their survival, factors predicted to be important to transmission of arboviruses.},
}
@article {pmid40583315,
year = {2025},
author = {Fernández, PC and Minás, A and Omacini, M},
title = {The interplay of symbiotic beings in the Pampa: the encounter between an alien grass and leaf-cutting ants.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {247},
number = {5},
pages = {2357-2366},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70333},
pmid = {40583315},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient&#xed;ficas y T&#xe9;cnicas/ ; PICT 2017-0910//National Agency of Science and Tecnology (ANPCYT)/ ; PICT 2020-01559//National Agency of Science and Tecnology (ANPCYT)/ ; //Universidad de Buenos Aires/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology/microbiology/drug effects ; *Symbiosis/drug effects ; *Plant Leaves/physiology ; Epichloe/physiology/drug effects ; Herbivory ; *Lolium/microbiology/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Endophytes/physiology/drug effects ; *Poaceae/microbiology/physiology ; Acetates/pharmacology ; Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic relationships across trophic levels influence invasions. Although Epichloë endophytes are often linked to forage grasses spread through alkaloid-mediated herbivore resistance, this link oversimplifies a complex, multifactorial process. We investigate whether this fungal endophyte interacts with the fungus garden of the native leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex ambiguus by inducing the release of a widespread green leaf volatile, thereby altering its foraging behavior. We conducted 5-d choice experiments to assess ant preferences for leaves and seeds of Lolium multiflorum plants, either infected (E+) or uninfected (E-) with Epichloë occultans, along with a Petri dish assay to evaluate the effects of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (Z3-HAC) on the growth of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, ants' mutualistic fungi. Ants exhibited delayed rejection for E+ plants while showing no preference for seeds. In vitro, Z3-HAC promoted fungal growth away from volatile sources. These findings suggest that mutualistic fungi of a grass (alien) and its herbivore (native) shape their defense strategies in Pampean grasslands. Z3-HAC's effects extend beyond direct plant-herbivore interactions, signaling antagonistic fungi within the fungal garden without acting as a novel weapon. This study highlights the importance of integrating microbial networks into invasion ecology frameworks to understand the consequences of co-introduced plants and symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid40583217,
year = {2025},
author = {Richarson, MRA and Ingram, T},
title = {Effects of competition and predation risk from a life history intraguild predator on individual specialisation.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {9},
pages = {1811-1822},
pmid = {40583217},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {UoO1409//Marsden Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Competitive Behavior ; New Zealand ; *Perches/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Diet/veterinary ; Life History Traits ; Ecosystem ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Individuals can deploy a variety of ecological and behavioural strategies to obtain resources, often using only a subset of the total resource diversity used by their population. This phenomenon of individual specialisation (IS) is nearly ubiquitous across taxa and has the potential to affect population dynamics and ecosystem processes. Pairwise antagonistic interactions such as competition and predation can influence the degree of IS in a population, but little is known about the combined effects of multiple simultaneous interaction types between species, including intraguild predation (competition and predation from a single antagonist). We address this gap by asking how the combination of competition and predation risk from an invasive intraguild predator-Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis-impacts the degree of dietary and habitat IS in a native New Zealand fish, the common bully Gobiomorphus cotidianus. Bullies exhibit a generalised diet at the population level and compete for benthic and pelagic prey with juvenile perch, while also being subject to predation by larger perch. We used a mesocosm experiment to explore how competition from young-of-year perch and perceived predation risk from sub-adult perch influence IS within bully populations. Over a 3-month period, we monitored individual habitat use and used serial gastric lavage to sample time-integrated individual diets. We found that the presence of juvenile perch was associated with a decrease in dietary IS associated with a shift to more benthic feeding, while habitat IS was affected by an antagonistic interaction between competition and predation whereby presence of small perch negated a negative effect of large perch on IS. This study demonstrates the importance of considering multiple interaction types when evaluating how interspecific interactions influence individual variation within populations.},
}
@article {pmid40582195,
year = {2025},
author = {Tang, HB and Li, HD and Si, YX and Gao, JF and Lu, HL},
title = {Herbicide clomazone induced hematotoxicity and hepatic compensatory responses in the invasive turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans.},
journal = {Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {286},
number = {},
pages = {107470},
doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107470},
pmid = {40582195},
issn = {1879-1514},
mesh = {Animals ; *Herbicides/toxicity ; *Liver/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; *Turtles/physiology/blood/metabolism ; *Isoxazoles/toxicity ; Introduced Species ; Oxazolidinones ; },
abstract = {Invasive species might exhibit a greater potential resistance to environmental stress than native species because they would mitigate and adapt more quickly to stress effects through modulating various physiological and biochemical processes. Here, erythrocytic nuclear abnormality (ENA), serum metabolomic profile, liver histology, antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression were determined in Trachemys scripta elegans hatchlings exposed to herbicide clomazone for 7 days to evaluate clomazone-induced toxic effects and potential adaptive responses in this invasive turtle. ENAs were found to increase and some serum metabolic pathways were disrupted clearly in exposed-turtles, potentially indicating clomazone-caused blood damage. Meanwhile, cell proliferation, increased SOD and CAT activities and related gene expression, as well as increased immune-related gene expression, in liver tissue of exposed-turtles might be compensatory responses to clomazone stress. Moreover, altered ABC transporter pathway revealed by serum metabolomic profile might also play a role in blood detoxification. Overall, clomazone exposure would cause tissue toxicity, which might be alleviated to a certain degree through a series of compensatory responses, reflecting great potential resistance to environmental stress in invasive T. scripta elegans.},
}
@article {pmid40580959,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, S and Lindenmayer, D and Sreekar, R and Hua, F and Hu, J and Chen, Q and Ma, Z and Li, B and Liu, J},
title = {Effects of long-term intraspecific trait change on bird community functional structure.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {35},
number = {14},
pages = {3396-3403.e4},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.019},
pmid = {40580959},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {Animals ; *Birds/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Body Size ; North America ; },
abstract = {There has been rapid intraspecific trait change in many species over the past few centuries. While the impacts of such long-term changes on community functional structure remain unclear, it is vital to evaluate and predict responses of biodiversity and ecosystem function to global change. We examined intraspecific trait changes of 548 bird species from 86,539 specimens collected over the past 140 years and species composition data for 840 bird assemblages surveyed between 1969 and 2021 in North America. We found that rapid intraspecific trait changes have substantially impacted community-level trait composition and functional diversity of communities. Specifically, intraspecific downsizing has reversed the direction of change in community-weighted mean body size that would be expected from species composition change alone. Additionally, intraspecific changes of <3% across four traits have expanded community trait space and accelerated the rate of increase of functional richness across studied assemblages. Our findings highlight that intraspecific trait change is a key driver of community functional reorganization and should be considered alongside species composition change when assessing biodiversity responses to global change.},
}
@article {pmid40580636,
year = {2025},
author = {Martin, N and Blanchet, S and Hermet, S and Larcher, T and Gros, R and Hansson, SV and Gomez, E and Duporté, G and Sauvêtre, A and Goutte, A and Lalot, B and Jean, S and Jacquin, L and Farcy, E},
title = {Multiscale physiological responses to organic and inorganic pollution in the invasive mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {302},
number = {},
pages = {118565},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118565},
pmid = {40580636},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {Animals ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity/analysis ; *Cyprinodontiformes/physiology ; Male ; Female ; France ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Introduced Species ; Liver/drug effects/pathology/metabolism ; Gills/drug effects/pathology ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Anthropic activities often lead to the contamination of freshwater ecosystems by organic and inorganic pollutants with potential deleterious effects on wildlife health. However, some species such as the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) can thrive in such polluted habitats, but the underpinning mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the physiological responses of mosquitofish living along different pollution gradients in the south of France. Eleven sites were selected according to various levels of pollutants in the water (pesticides, pharmaceuticals) and in mosquitofish tissue (PAHs, PBDEs, PCBs, organochlorines, metals). The level of the different pollutants varied among sites resulting in contrasted pollution gradients. The biological response of mosquitofish was measured using biomarkers of biotransformation, oxidative status, neurotoxicity and histopathological alteration in gills and liver. Muscle lipids, hepatosomatic condition, body condition and reproductive status were also measured. We used a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach to characterize the direct and indirect effects of pollutants across biological levels. Results showed that high levels of POPs and metals affected biotransformation processes in both sexes, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants level and resulted in gill histopathological alterations in females. In addition, pesticides increased the energetic demand reflected by reduced lipid storage in females and hepatosomatic condition in males. Interestingly, responses to pollution varied among sexes since females responded to a broader range of pollutant types than males. This study highlights some of the key traits underlying the tolerance to pollution of the mosquitofish, which could partly explain their invasive success in polluted ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40580326,
year = {2025},
author = {Griffen, BD and Fletcher, LS and Reese, TC and Repetto, MF and Smith, N and Stancil, CK and Toscano, BJ},
title = {Tissue-specific energetics of the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus throughout its range and through time.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {7},
pages = {116},
pmid = {40580326},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {2052246//Directorate for Biological Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/metabolism/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Seasons ; *Energy Metabolism ; },
abstract = {Organisms with broad geographic distributions that inhabit seasonal environments often demonstrate characteristics that differ spatially and temporally. It has been hypothesized that these variable characteristics may play important roles in the success of invasive species. Further, physiological characteristics should be closely linked to individual energetic strategies, which can also vary spatially and temporally. We use tissue-specific energy density and total energy content to examine energy allocation strategies in the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus across seasons and throughout its North American invasive range. We show that tissue energy density and total tissue energy vary considerably with location and season. Energetic strategies are consistent with an expanding northern range edge and a static southern range edge. Our results also provide insight into patterns that occur broadly across phylogeny, including reduced growth rates with body size and seasonal reproductive patterns. This study demonstrates the utility of tissue-specific energetics as an ecophysiological tool for understanding the energetic strategies of invasive (and other) species throughout their ranges and across seasons.},
}
@article {pmid40579974,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Guan, L and Zhang, Y and Zhong, F and Xie, Y and Zhang, Y and Zhang, X and Zhou, M and Li, C and Tang, B},
title = {TcCYP4C1 in combination with trehalose to cope with high-CO2 stress in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera).},
journal = {Insect molecular biology},
volume = {34},
number = {5},
pages = {729-742},
doi = {10.1111/imb.12997},
pmid = {40579974},
issn = {1365-2583},
support = {31960542//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; QJJ[2023]024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; QKZYD[2022]4013//Special Project for Science and Technology Development of Local (Guizhou) under the Guidance of the Central Government/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Trehalose/metabolism ; *Tribolium/genetics/growth &amp; development/metabolism/physiology ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Larva/genetics/growth &amp; development/metabolism/physiology ; *Insect Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism/genetics ; Stress, Physiological ; },
abstract = {Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP), an important detoxifying enzyme in insects, is involved in the metabolism and degradation of both exogenous compounds and endogenous substances. To investigate the involvement of the T. castaneum TcCYP4C1 gene in detoxification metabolism under high CO2 and the protective role of trehalose against hypoxic stress in insects. In the present study, after successfully silencing the TcCYP4C1 gene of T. castaneum by double-stranded RNA(dsRNA), the larvae were exposed to 95% CO2. This exposure resulted in a statistically significant increase in larval mortality and a significant elevation in the activity of the carboxylesterase enzyme (CarE). However, a decrease in mortality from 18.15% to 11.24% was observed when larvae were fed trehalose after dsRNA injection. In addition, the gene expression levels of the trehalose metabolism pathway related genes TRE1-3, TRE1-4 and TPS2 were significantly up-regulated after 95% CO2 treatment. In summary, the TcCYP4C1 gene emerges as a pivotal factor in the adaptive response of T. castaneum to high CO2. Trehalose effectively mitigates the detrimental effects resulting from the silencing of TcCYP4C1 and exposure to high CO2 stress in T. castaneum. Our findings not only establish a theoretical foundation for the development of novel pesticides tailored for low-oxygen grain storage environments but also inspire innovative, environmentally sustainable pest management strategies in the grain storage sector.},
}
@article {pmid40579817,
year = {2025},
author = {Kutza, AD and Hert, ZL and Moyle, LC},
title = {Endemic and invasion dynamics of wild tomato species on the Galápagos Islands, across two centuries of collection records.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70321},
pmid = {40579817},
issn = {1469-8137},
abstract = {We aggregated digitized herbarium and other collection records - spanning > 225 yr since 1795 - to assess the biological, geographical, and historical factors shaping distributions of three wild tomato species on the Galápagos Islands, and to infer future threats to the two endemic species (Solanum cheesmaniae and Solanum galapagense) and risks posed by their invasive congener (Solanum pimpinellifolium). Combining > 400 unique geolocated Galápagos records with bioclimate data and species distribution modelling, we quantified the geo-spatial distribution of each species, bracketed the historical timing and location of introductions of the invasive species, characterized species bioclimate envelopes, and projected suitable habitat overlap. We infer that dispersal limitation and alternative selective histories shape current species distributions, and that anthropogenic change has and will continue to have different impacts on the two endemic species - closely associated with their different geographic and environmental distributions. We also identify plausible avenues for, and limits to, future invasive expansion. These data vastly extend the temporal and spatial reach of our direct historical inferences, provide a critical complement to genomic analyses of contemporary Galápagos populations, and demonstrate that scientific collections are especially valuable for interpreting factors shaping species distributions on high-endemism islands with recent rapid environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid40579381,
year = {2025},
author = {Chuong, J and Brown, KW and Gifford, I and Mishler, DM and Barrick, JE},
title = {Engineered Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1-ISx Cells Are Sensitive DNA Biosensors for Antibiotic Resistance Genes and a Fungal Pathogen of Bats.},
journal = {ACS synthetic biology},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {2488-2493},
doi = {10.1021/acssynbio.5c00360},
pmid = {40579381},
issn = {2161-5063},
mesh = {*Acinetobacter/genetics/metabolism ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Animals ; *Chiroptera/microbiology ; *Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Ascomycota/genetics ; *DNA/genetics/analysis ; },
abstract = {Naturally competent bacteria can be engineered into platforms for detecting environmental DNA. This capability could be used to monitor the spread of pathogens, invasive species, and resistance genes, among other applications. Here, we create Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1-ISx biosensors that detect specific target DNA sequences through natural transformation. We tested strains with DNA sensors that consisted of either a mutated antibiotic resistance gene (TEM-1 bla or nptII) or a counterselectable gene flanked by sequences from the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in bats. Upon uptake of homologous DNA, recombination restored antibiotic resistance gene function or removed the counterselectable gene, enabling selection of cells that sensed the target DNA. The antibiotic resistance gene and P. destructans biosensors could detect as few as 3,000 or 5,000,000 molecules of their DNA targets, respectively, and their sensitivity was not affected by excess off-target DNA. These results demonstrate how A. baylyi can be reprogrammed into a modular platform for monitoring environmental DNA.},
}
@article {pmid40579165,
year = {2025},
author = {Daane, KM and Hogg, BN and Stahl, JM and Haviland, DR and Wang, X},
title = {Naturally occurring parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and other drosophilids in California fruit regions.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2102-2111},
pmid = {40579165},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Drosophila/parasitology/growth &amp; development ; California ; Pupa/parasitology/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Wasps/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Larva/parasitology/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Fruit/growth &amp; development ; *Drosophilidae/parasitology ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Pest Control, Biological ; },
abstract = {Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) has become a damaging economic pest of small fruits in the invaded range in the Americas, Europe, and North Africa. This study surveyed naturally occurring parasitoids of D. suzukii and other frugivorous Drosophilidae in California's coastal and interior fruit production regions. Surveys were conducted from 2012 to 2018 through collections of infested fruits and the use of sentinel fruit or host traps. Two pupal parasitoids, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Trichopria drosophilae (Perkins) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) were collected from D. suzukii and other drosophilids; the former species dominated in the interior while the latter species dominated in the coastal region. Two larval parasitoids, Leptopilina boulardi Barbotin et al. and L. heterotoma (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) were collected from drosophilid species other than D. suzukii, and were the dominant parasitoids in the interior and coastal regions, respectively. These four common parasitoids were most active during the spring and fall. The levels of parasitism on D. suzukii were < 10% from field-collected fruits but were as high as 74% in sentinel traps. Pupal parasitoids attacked D. suzukii at a higher rate than D. melanogaster in sentinel traps baited with both fly species. These results are discussed in conjunction with ongoing efforts to introduce larval parasitoids from the fly's native range.},
}
@article {pmid40578741,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, R and Li, X and Meng, C and Lei, C and Haider, FU and Liu, XJ and Liu, J and Zhou, SY},
title = {Elevated public health risks from changes in microbial communities mediated by moso bamboo invasion.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {284},
number = {},
pages = {122215},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.122215},
pmid = {40578741},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Microbiota ; *Introduced Species ; Public Health ; Poaceae ; Humans ; Sasa ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; },
abstract = {The invasion of moso bamboo significantly alters aboveground vegetation, yet its impact on soil microbial communities and associated ecological functions remains under-explored. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive survey across 24 sites spanning varying invasion gradients (non-invaded, half-invaded, fully-invaded) along an urbanization transect encompassing mountain, rural, suburban, and urban habitats. Our results reveal that bamboo invasion strengthens deterministic processes governing microbial community assembly. Fungal communities demonstrated stronger deterministic assembly patterns compared to bacteria and served as more reliable bio-indicators of invasion stages, as assessed via random forest modeling. Notably, moso bamboo presence correlated with elevated soil concentrations of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs). Rural sites exhibited atypical trends, potentially due to intrinsically high baseline levels of ARGs and VFs. Structural equation modeling clarified that bamboo invasion induces shifts in soil physicochemical properties, which in turn drive deterministic selection of microbial taxa harboring ARGs/VFs-including potential human pathogens. Essentially, restoration of bamboo-dominated ecosystems effectively reduced the abundance of these resistance and virulence elements. Co-occurrence network analyses further identified microbial taxa with pathogen-lysis capabilities, highlighting natural biological control mechanisms within invaded soils. This study deepens understanding of how moso bamboo invasion remodels soil microbiomes and their functional profiles, providing actionable insights for mitigating ecological risks linked to invasive plant dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid40578325,
year = {2025},
author = {Afzal, S and Nahrung, HF and Lawson, SA and Ramsden, M and Sullivan, BT and Shepherd, WP and Gandhi, KJK and Hayes, RA},
title = {Survey for attraction-inhibiting semiochemicals for Ips grandicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in its native and invasive ranges.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {4},
pages = {1793-1801},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf125},
pmid = {40578325},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Pheromones/pharmacology ; *Weevils/physiology/drug effects ; *Insect Control/methods ; Introduced Species ; Male ; Female ; Queensland ; },
abstract = {The eastern 5-spined ips, Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), is native to the eastern USA and is an invasive pest of exotic pines (Pinus spp.) in Australia. It can kill stressed trees and transmit ophiostomoid fungi that cause blue staining of wood and reduce the commercial value of timber. Ips grandicollis uses semiochemicals produced by conspecifics to locate mates, while semiochemicals from competitors and nonhosts may reduce the reaction to attractants. To investigate methods to exploit these behaviors in a management strategy, we evaluated the impact of 12 potential semiochemical inhibitors of I. grandicollis attraction using traps baited with aggregation pheromone (ipsenol and cis-verbenol) in the beetle's native (northeast Georgia and central Louisiana, USA) and invasive (southeast Queensland, Australia) ranges over 2 yr. In the first trapping experiment (2022 to 2023), 2 semiochemicals (2-phenylethanol and methyl eugenol) significantly decreased attraction to the lure by 35% to 39% in the native range and 55% to 56% in the invasive range. Camphor reduced trap catches in Louisiana (26%) and Queensland (41%) but not in Georgia. In the second experiment (2023 to 2024), the inhibitory effects of methyl eugenol, 2-phenylethanol, and camphor were tested alone and in binary and ternary combinations. The binary combination of methyl eugenol and 2-phenylethanol reduced attraction by 66% in Georgia. However, such differences were not observed in Louisiana. The ternary combination of these compounds reduced attraction by 76% in the invasive range. Further research on these inhibitors could lead to a sustainable push-pull management strategy for protecting pine trees and log stacks from I. grandicollis attacks.},
}
@article {pmid40577982,
year = {2025},
author = {Oliveira, AGL and Alves, JA and Ramos-de-Souza, J and Saint'Pierre, TD and Mello-Silva, CC and Hauser-Davis, RA and Saggioro, EM},
title = {Metal and metalloid bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in the invasive bivalve Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Bivalvia, Dreissenidae) from a highly anthropogenically-impacted coastal lagoon in Southeastern Brazil.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {118336},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118336},
pmid = {40577982},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Oxidative Stress ; Brazil ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Metals/metabolism ; Bioaccumulation ; *Metalloids/metabolism ; *Bivalvia/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Bivalves are adequate aquatic pollutant bioindicators due to their sessile and filter-feeding habits. However, not many studies have been carried out on elemental concentrations in the invasive Mytilopsis leucophaeata, despite its wide geographical distribution, and no assessments on biochemical metal and metalloid effects are available for this species. This study investigated elemental contamination associated to oxidative stress in M. leucophaeata for the first time in an anthropically impacted lagoon in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 240 mussels were sampled between 2022 and 2023, 60 per sampling season. Metals and metalloids were quantified in soft tissues and lagoon surface water by ICP-MS and reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PTC) were measured. New COI and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences for this species are provided. Most elements were higher in spring and summer. Significant strong correlations were observed between several essential and toxic elements, such as Co vs. As, Cu vs. As, Cu vs. Cd and Zn vs. As, with all detected correlations presenting r values over 0.84. The highest PTC and GSH were observed in summer (472.5 μmol g[-1]) and autumn (0.65 μmol g[-1]), while LPO was higher in spring and summer (935.0 and 760.4 μmol g[-1], respectively) alongside higher elemental concentrations. These findings indicate that elemental contamination is significantly associated to oxidative stress profiles and that in M. leucophaeata is an adequate biomonitoring tool concerning metal and metalloid effects. Finally, M. leucophaeata were deemed unsafe for consumption due to high As, Cr, Se, and Zn levels, exceeding national and international safety limits.},
}
@article {pmid40577797,
year = {2025},
author = {Hajek, AE and Clifton, EH and Solter, LF},
title = {Entomopathogens for control of Asian longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {4},
pages = {669-678},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf016},
pmid = {40577797},
issn = {1938-2936},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/microbiology ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Metarhizium/physiology ; Female ; Introduced Species ; Male ; Beauveria/physiology ; },
abstract = {Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (ALB), are native to China and Korea but invasive populations now threaten hardwood forests in North America and Europe where eradication is the main tactic. In North America, invasive ALB were first found in the New York City area in 1996 and, since then, infestations were detected in 5 additional states. Beginning in 1998, studies of fungal entomopathogens for ALB control were begun, followed by studies with entomopathogenic nematodes, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, and microsporidia. Studies with entomopathogenic fungi initially focused on a commercialized method used for application of Beauveria asiatica against adult cerambycids in Japanese orchards: cerambycids walk across bands covered with infective spores of entomopathogenic fungi that are attached around trees. For use in the United States, Metarhizium brunneum Petch F52 was grown in fungal bands and tested against adult ALB in US quarantine labs as well as in the field in China. Fungal infection reduced female longevity, fitness, and flight. Long-lived M. brunneum microsclerotia formulated in hydromulch were investigated as an alternative application method. Several species of entomopathogenic nematodes applied to ALB emergence holes showed promise for infecting and killing ALB larvae. The pathogens that have been investigated and developed are considered part of the arsenal of methods for ALB control and not "stand-alone" tactics. While no pathogens have been used operationally in the United States, information gained about these pathogens is available and could be used as situations warrant more tools for managing ALB.},
}
@article {pmid40577551,
year = {2025},
author = {Hepler, JR and Morrison, WR and Cullum, JP and Short, BD and Carper, GL and Beers, EH and Leskey, TC},
title = {Evaluation of perimeter-based attract-and-kill strategies for the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), in apple and pear orchards in the United States.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {4},
pages = {1608-1620},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf103},
pmid = {40577551},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {#20 AN014//Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Heteroptera ; Malus/growth &amp; development ; *Insect Control/methods ; Pyrus/growth &amp; development ; *Pheromones/pharmacology ; Introduced Species ; Washington ; },
abstract = {Management of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), using attract-and-kill (AK) strategies in orchard crops has resulted in reduced pesticide inputs and the reestablishment of integrated pest management programs but also increased labor inputs and damage in pheromone-baited AK trees. Here, we re-tool previously developed AK practices for H. halys management using long-lasting insecticide netting (LLIN) as a low-input, effective killing agent. Simple LLIN AK stations were evaluated for efficacy compared with grower standard practices when hung directly on orchard perimeter fruit trees, hung on posts near, but not touching perimeter trees, and placed outside the orchard perimeter in commercial Mid-Atlantic apple orchards from 2017 to 2019. Treatments in which LLIN stations were attached to or hung near perimeter trees were equivalent to grower standards in terms of H. halys injury. In commercial pear orchards in Washington State in 2018 to 2020, efficacies of several LLIN station designs were evaluated as supplements to grower standard practices. A novel LLIN station design, referred to as the poncho trap, consistently caught nearly 3-fold more H. halys compared to a simple post-deployed "ghost trap" design when installed outside orchard perimeters. However, only LLIN stations mounted directly to perimeter trees provided statistically significant reductions in fruit damage. Our overall findings underscore the importance of positioning the pheromone lure, host plant (fruit tree), and LLIN in close proximity for successful AK H. halys management. Results also indicate that poncho trap LLIN fabric flaps could be integrated into near-mounted LLIN stations to further increase efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid40574896,
year = {2025},
author = {Bitonto, FF and Costantino, R and Barberis, M and Bogo, G and Birtele, D and Cangelmi, G and Dal Cin, M and Devalez, J and Lenzi, L and Magagnoli, S and Minici, A and Sánchez, JM and Zenga, EL and Bortolotti, L and Navarro, L and Petanidou, T and Sgolastra, F and Traveset, A and Galloni, M},
title = {LIFE 4 Pollinators' platform: How citizen science can help monitoring plants and pollinators.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {plaf023},
pmid = {40574896},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {Plant diversity is critical to ensure the future of humanity, as it provides essential ecosystem services and functioning. As recent estimates showed that animal-mediated pollination is crucial for the reproduction of approximately 90% of flowering plants, playing an essential role in maintaining biodiversity and agricultural productivity, effort to preserve plants cannot be disjoined from pollinator conservation initiatives. Despite their importance, pollinators have experienced alarming declines. The LIFE 4 Pollinators project was launched to involve people protecting wild bees and other pollinators in the Mediterranean. This study presents data collected through the project's web-platform, where users uploaded over 2,000 photographs of plant-pollinator interactions between 2021 and 2024. The dataset focuses on the identification of flower-visiting insects and plants, and the current study gives emphasis to citizen scientists' ability to identify plants and pollinators. 1,407 photo-records were analysed, revealing that bees and beetles were the most frequent pollinators, with plants of the Asteraceae and Cistaceae families being the most recorded. Users correctly identified 93.7% of insect taxonomic aggregations and 74.2% of plant species. The study also highlights the recording of threatened, alien, and invasive species, including the vulnerable Callicera spinolae and the invasive Vespa velutina. The plant-pollinator network analysis supports the floral syndrome concept, with floral morphologies like 'Head' and 'Disk' attracting a wide range of pollinators. The results indicate that citizen science contributes to the identification and monitoring of pollinators, generating knowledge that may be key to the conservation of these organisms and to better understand plant-pollinator interactions. Data collection through citizen-generated photographs allows to significantly expand the geographic area and the magnitude of studies, facilitating large-scale analyses that would be difficult to achieve with traditional monitoring methods. These findings provide a useful basis for future conservation initiatives and the development of policies aimed at mitigating pollinator decline.},
}
@article {pmid40574895,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, KE and Cowan, L and Flis, P and Moore, C and Heatley, M and Robles-Zazueta, CA and Lee, A and Yant, L},
title = {An ecological, phenotypic, and genomic survey of duckweeds with their associated aquatic environments in the United Kingdom.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {plaf018},
pmid = {40574895},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {The duckweeds feature global distributions and diverse applications in phytoremediation and nutrition, as well as use in fundamental studies of development. Existing collections have minimal environmental data linked to natural habitats. Thus, there is a lack of understanding of natural variation in the context of native habitats. Here, a novel collection of 124 duckweed accessions from 115 sites across the United Kingdom was characterized by genome sequencing and ionomics. In common nutrient-replete experimental conditions, all accessions hyperaccumulated P, K, Mg and Ca. Local but not large-scale associations were revealed between elemental composition of duckweed in common, replete conditions and native water profiles. Lemna minor was the most prevalent species in the UK, with a closely related hybrid L. japonica frequently found in waters with higher micronutrient concentrations. Invasive L. minuta was common in the southern and midland regions, but restricted in Scotland. Lemna accessions accumulated heavy metal contaminants typically together with macronutrients, suggesting phytoremediation potential, but some limitations as food. Furthermore, monitoring the ecological interactions between native, hybrid and invasive Lemna species should be ongoing in the interest of biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid40574733,
year = {2025},
author = {Fumo, JT and Nichols, PK and Ely, T and Marko, PB and Moran, AL and Powell, BS and Williams, TM and Kosaki, RK and Smith, CM and Lopes, KH and Smith, JE and Spalding, HL and Krueger-Hadfield, SA and McDermid, KJ and Hauk, BB and Morioka, J and O'Brien, K and Kennedy, B and Leliaert, F and Fujii, MT and Nelson, WA and Draisma, SGA and Sherwood, AR},
title = {A predictive framework for identifying source populations of non-native marine macroalgae: Chondria tumulosa in the Pacific Ocean.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19610},
pmid = {40574733},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Pacific Ocean ; *Seaweed/classification/genetics ; *Rhodophyta/classification/genetics ; Hawaii ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The cryptogenic marine red alga Chondria tumulosa was first observed in 2016 in subtidal habitats at Manawai (Pearl and Hermes Atoll) in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), Hawai'i. Without molecular or morphological matches to any known species, it was described in 2020 and declared cryptogenic. This alga has substantially increased in benthic cover and has been discovered on two additional atolls in PMNM: Kuaihelani (Midway) and Hōlanikū (Kure). It exhibits several characteristics indicative of non-native origins including putative prior absence in the region, persistence in high densities over nearly a decade, apparent lack of native herbivore pressure, and strong tetrasporophytic bias. Importantly, it is negatively impacting the culturally and ecologically valuable reefs of PMNM. The geographical origin of this putative invasion is unknown, and there are no published reports of the species occurring anywhere other than PMNM. The central Pacific location of Hawai'i allows a broad range of potential sources for the origin of C. tumulosa. Taxonomic ambiguities within the genus Chondria and challenges associated with sampling necessitate the development of a narrowed set of search locations and efficient search strategies to detect the species outside of PMNM. Attachment to floating debris is a potential introduction vector for C. tumulosa into PMNM, and an oceanographic model was used to identify the most likely source locations for this pathway between 2000 and 2015, including Japan in the western Pacific, Johnston Atoll, the Line Islands including Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific, and Clipperton Atoll and the Galápagos Islands in the eastern Pacific. We used a recently developed and validated eDNA assay for detecting C. tumulosa from three of the regions of interest to screen for C. tumulosa with no samples yielding positive detections. We provide a framework for investigating positive eDNA field detections using in-water surveys, microscopy, and DNA barcoding. A parallel sampling effort targeting preserved specimens stored in global herbaria is also presented, which did not yield any detections. Several Chondria species remain targets for sequencing from global herbaria. Identification of the native range of C. tumulosa is a critical step that will allow for an evaluation of its evolutionary ecology and any shifts that may have occurred that facilitated its putative invasion and subsequent spread, offering insights crucial for the development of mitigation strategies to safeguard PMNM against further risk.},
}
@article {pmid40573761,
year = {2025},
author = {Cozzolino, A and Motti, R and Vitasović-Kosić, I},
title = {Vascular Flora on Croatian Historic Structures: Drivers of Biodeterioration and Conservation Implications.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {40573761},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Biodeterioration, the alteration of materials by living organisms, affects approximately two-thirds of the world's cultural heritage. When organisms colonize the surfaces, they induce physical and chemical changes that can lead to significant damage. Despite its relevance, this phenomenon remains understudied in Croatia. This study aims to assess the deteriogenic vascular flora colonizing Croatian historical structures, including castles, towers, and archaeological remains, in relation to several environmental and anthropogenic factors: distance from the sea (0-1, 1-10, 10-65, and 65-165 km), elevation (0-50, 50-150, 150-300, and 300-600 m a.s.l.), exposure (north, south, east, west), and the state of conservation of the site (absent, low, good, excellent). Vegetation cover and floristic diversity, assessed using the Shannon Index, were primarily influenced by elevation and conservation status. As expected, vegetation cover decreased significantly, by 67.75%, from sites classified as 'Absent' to those with 'Excellent' conservation status (p < 0.001). To explain the observed differences in vegetation cover across the four altitudinal ranges, an analysis of plant life forms was carried out, revealing a wide variability and statistically significant patterns also related to the type and frequency of maintenance interventions. The potential risk posed by vascular plants was evaluated using the Hazard Index (HI), which revealed significant differences only for elevation and distance from the sea. The highest risk levels were recorded at mid-elevations (150-300 m), where the Hazard Index reached its maximum value (HI = 158). Exposure did not show a significant effect on biodeterioration processes. These findings provide new insights into plant-driven biodeterioration in Croatia and highlight the need for targeted conservation strategies to protect the country's cultural heritage.},
}
@article {pmid40573756,
year = {2025},
author = {Feng, WW and Huang, K and Sun, SM and Sun, JK and Guan, M and Qi, FZ and Liu, MC and Qu, B and Feng, YL},
title = {Planting Patterns Affect the Differences in Growth and Its Responses to Nitrogen Forms and Levels Between Three Invasive and Their Respective Related Native Species.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {40573756},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2023YFC2604500//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 32471753, 32171666, 31971557//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Global changes, such as atmospheric nitrogen deposition, can facilitate alien plant invasions, which are often attributed to the increase in soil nitrogen availability. However, few studies have considered the effects of global change-driven alterations in soil nitrogen forms, especially under conditions with interspecific competition. In this study, we first determined the differences in growth, biomass allocation, and photosynthesis under different nitrogen forms and addition levels between three noxious invasive species (Xanthium strumarium, Ambrosia trifida, and Bidens frondosa) and their respective related natives grown with and without interspecific competition and then assessed the interspecific difference in nitrogen form preference using the [15]N labeling technique. Interspecific competition significantly decreased the positive responses of growth to nitrogen addition for all three natives, while increasing the responses for all three invaders, particularly under nitrate addition. When grown in competition, all invaders showed significant growth advantages over their related natives in most cases, and responded more positively to the addition of nitrate relative to ammonium, while the natives responded more positively to ammonium addition. These findings indicate that the invaders prefer nitrate, while the natives prefer ammonium. Consistently, the growth advantages are more pronounced for the invaders under nitrate relative to ammonium addition, indicating that nitrate-rich habitats may be more vulnerable to the invaders. When grown in monoculture, however, the growth advantage of the invaders became smaller or even disappeared. Nitrogen form preference also disappeared in Siegesbeckia glabrescens (native) and Bidens frondosa (invasive). Interestingly, the native plant Xanthium sibiricum showed significantly higher total biomass than its invasive congener under ammonium addition in both mixed and monoculture conditions. Our [15]N labeling experiment showed that all six species preferred nitrate over ammonium, although this was not significant for two natives (S. glabrescens and X. sibiricum), which is not completely consistent with the results from our nitrogen addition experiment. Our results indicate that global change-driven alterations in soil nitrogen forms, particularly the shift from ammonium to nitrate, may facilitate alien plant invasions. Planting patterns significantly affect the responses of invasive and native species to nitrogen forms and addition levels, with mixed-culture experiments providing better insights into the invasiveness of alien species.},
}
@article {pmid40572266,
year = {2025},
author = {Šuikaitė, I and Šiurkutė, G and Ptacnik, R and Koreivienė, J},
title = {Halotolerance of Phytoplankton and Invasion Success of Nostocalean Cyanobacteria Under Freshwater Salinization.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40572266},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Disturbed ecosystems are particularly susceptible to biological invasions. Increasing freshwater salinization, caused by anthropogenic factors, can alter the phytoplankton community and favour newly arrived halotolerant species. This study investigates the halotolerance of four Nostocalean cyanobacterial species-the native to Europe, Aphanizomenon gracile, and alien Chrysosporum bergii, Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides-using monoculture experiments under varying NaCl concentrations. Additionally, we performed two microcosm experiments to explore shifts in biodiversity in freshwater phytoplankton communities sourced from artificial reservoirs and assess their susceptibility to cyanobacterial invasion under salinity stress. Results showed that all Nostocalean cyanobacteria were halotolerant under mild salinities (up to 1 g/L NaCl), with Chrysosporum bergii and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides demonstrating the most salt tolerance. In the microcosm experiment, changes in community composition were driven by the halotolerance of dominant groups. Water body 1, dominated by Bacillariophytina, reduced its biomass of phytoplankton at high salinity (5 g/L NaCl), while water body 2, dominated by Chlorophytina, remained stable regardless of disturbance. Both cyanobacteria successfully invaded both halotolerant and halosensitive communities, increasing their dominance as salinity rose. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic stressors such as freshwater salinization can alter the phytoplankton community and increase a competitive advantage to certain taxa, including widespread alien cyanobacteria, potentially promoting invasions and bloom formation.},
}
@article {pmid40571732,
year = {2025},
author = {Jarić, I and Fernández-Llamazares, &#xc1; and Molnár, Z and Arbieu, U and Canavan, S and Correia, RA and Essl, F and Kamelamela, KL and Ladle, RJ and Maurice, AC and Meinard, Y and Novoa, A and Nuñez, MA and Pyšek, P and Roll, U and Sbragaglia, V and Shackleton, RT and Shani, L and Sherren, K and Teff-Seker, Y and Vaz, AS and Wehi, PM and Jeschke, JM},
title = {Cultural integration of invasive species.},
journal = {npj biodiversity},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {25},
pmid = {40571732},
issn = {2731-4243},
support = {23-07278S//Czech Science Foundation/ ; 23-07278S//Czech Science Foundation/ ; 23-07278S//Czech Science Foundation/ ; RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006//National Laboratory for Health Security (NKFIH)/ ; 348352//Research Council of Finland/ ; 202101976//Koneen S&#xe4;&#xe4;ti&#xf6;/ ; I 5825-B//Austrian Science Foundation FWF/ ; RYC2022-037905-I//MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 / FSE+/ ; RYC2021-033065-I//MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 / FSE+/ ; RVO 67985939//Akademie V&#x11b;d &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; 2020.01175.CEECIND/CP1601/CT0009//FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through the program Stimulus for Scientific Employment - Individual Support/ ; 101181413//European Union's Horizon Europe HORIZON-CL6-2024-BIODIV-01/ ; },
abstract = {Many invasive non-native species gradually become embedded within local cultures. Such species can increasingly be perceived by society as familiar or even native elements of the social-ecological system and become an integral part of local cultures. Here, we explore this phenomenon and refer to it as the cultural integration of invasive species. Although culturally integrated species can positively contribute to people's lives and well-being, and provide new or lost ecosystem services, their acceptance can also hinder the ability of conservation managers to successfully manage invasive species by reducing public support for their management. Cultural integration can infringe upon social values and cultural identities, and contribute to the erosion and homogenization of biocultural diversity. It can also modify or displace the cultural uses and values of native species, and may disrupt social-ecological legacies and dynamics. We present the main mechanisms of cultural integration, its drivers and major implications, and provide key recommendations for the management and conservation of biological and cultural diversity.},
}
@article {pmid40570650,
year = {2025},
author = {Axworthy, JB and Bates, EH and Grosser, MP and Padilla-Gamiño, JL},
title = {Effects of pollution on ecologically and economically important organisms of the Salish Sea.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {118322},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118322},
pmid = {40570650},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical ; *Water Pollution ; Oceans and Seas ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Marine pollution threatens ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health, impacting species fitness, disrupting food webs, and degrading essential habitats. This review examines the effects of marine pollution on key species in the Salish Sea, a vital ecosystem supporting diverse wildlife, including endangered species, and local economies reliant on fishing, aquaculture, and tourism. In total, we synthesized 116 studies including chemical pollution (78), biological pollution (15), marine debris (15), and sound pollution (8). Research on marine chemical pollution has primarily focused on pollutants in fish (41), followed by studies on birds (11), mammals (7), and bivalves (7), then invertebrates (2). Future investigations should broaden species coverage, assess various life stages, and evaluate the impact of climate change on pollutant accumulation. Biological pollution, driven mainly by intentionally introduced species like farmed shellfish and salmon, threatens native species and can spread pathogens. There is a pressing need for research on the effects of fecal-borne pathogens on marine organisms and the influence of seagrass beds, fish farms, and sewage outfalls on pathogen dynamics. Marine debris, especially derelict fishing gear, negatively impacts local organisms, while the effects of tire reefs and microplastics remain poorly understood. Research should integrate laboratory and field assessments to analyze microplastic ingestion and improve detection technologies to inform conservation efforts. Noise pollution research has focused on marine mammals like killer whales, highlighting how sound pollution disrupts communication and behavior, which can indirectly alter food webs and community dynamics. Future studies should also encompass other marine species, including fish and invertebrates. Understanding pollution impacts is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies, protecting marine life, and ensuring sustainable ocean resource management for future generations.},
}
@article {pmid40569811,
year = {2025},
author = {Perroy, RL and Rodriguez, R and Tracy Johnson, M and Jarvis, O},
title = {Scaling up the deployment of Psidium cattleyanum biocontrol in a Tropical Forest.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2184-2194},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf147},
pmid = {40569811},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {21-DG-11052021-216//USDA/ ; 1839095 and 1828799//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Psidium ; Animals ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Forests ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Hawaii ; Tropical Climate ; },
abstract = {It can be challenging to deploy and monitor biocontrol for invasive species, particularly in remote forest settings. One of the most abundant and disruptive invasive tree species in Hawai'i and across the Pacific is Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (strawberry guava), which replaces native vegetation and negatively impacts forest structure and ecosystem services. A Brazilian leaf-galling insect named Tectococcus ovatus Hempel (Homoptera: Eriococcidae) is an approved biocontrol for strawberry guava, but its introduction to date has been restricted to areas with established road and trail networks using ground-based methods. The aim of our study was to develop and test aerial methods of deploying T. ovatus within the larger goal of landscape-scale deployment. We also investigated using very high-resolution aerial imagery to detect T. ovatus galls on infected leaves to monitor post-deployment inoculation success and quantify spread. We found drone-based aerial deployment using a small 4-unit system was nearly 5 times faster than a ground-based approach in a heavily invaded lowland tropical forest setting and produced a statistically larger inoculation success rate one year after deployment, likely due to more central and higher placement within the targeted canopies. We found aerial imagery to be a useful tool to determine inoculation success and quantify spatiotemporal spread. We also found that larger-capacity drone platforms and conventional helicopters can successfully deploy T. ovatus onto individual targeted tree canopies and that landscape-scale deployment operations are feasible using these methods. Our findings are relevant to others working to deploy and monitor biocontrol in forested ecosystems worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid40569795,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, K and Hu, H and Hao, Z and He, H},
title = {Differential susceptibility of local and introduced chestnuts to a chestnut weevil Curculio davidi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Qinling Mountains.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {4},
pages = {931-937},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf056},
pmid = {40569795},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {2023YFD1401301//National Key R &amp; D Program of China/ ; 2022M712603//Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Weevils/physiology ; Female ; *Introduced Species ; China ; *Herbivory ; *Aesculus/chemistry/physiology ; *Fraxinus ; },
abstract = {The chestnut weevil, Curculio davidi Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major pest of chestnuts. Damage caused by C. davidi has increased as beetle populations have expanded. To promote effective C. davidi management practices based on its host plant, we compared the susceptibility of local chestnut cultivar 'Qinli 2'(QL2) and introduced chestnut cultivar 'Hongli' (HL) in Qinling Mountains to this weevil. Number of eggs laid by C. davidi females in HL was significantly higher than that of QL2. Chestnut weevil females laid 6.25-fold and 3-fold more eggs in HL than QL2 in the choice tests and no-choice tests, respectively. From 2021 to 2023, C. davidi infestation rates of HL were significantly higher than that of QL2 in the field. HL was smaller, softer, and have lower cellulose content as compared with QL2. HL contained 4.61%, 13.76%, 10.09%, 26.53%, 9.24%, 18.4%, 6.28%, and 23.26% higher amounts of N, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Mn, and Cu respectively, than QL2. In contrast, QL2 contained 25.28%, 19.80%, and 16.83% higher amounts of Al, B, and Fe, than HL. Our results revealed that the introduced chestnut cultivar is more susceptible to C. davidi compared to the local chestnut cultivar in Qinling Mountain, which was associated with several physico-chemical changes in chestnuts. These findings may contribute to the future efforts for breeding of C. davidi-resistant chestnut cultivars.},
}
@article {pmid40569276,
year = {2025},
author = {Mukarugwiro, JA and Newete, SW and Venturi, G and Parrini, F},
title = {The effect of temperate climate on potential biocontrol agents for water hyacinth, case study of Rwanda.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {115},
number = {5},
pages = {618-625},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485325100199},
pmid = {40569276},
issn = {1475-2670},
mesh = {Animals ; Rwanda ; *Pest Control, Biological ; *Eichhornia ; *Weevils/physiology ; *Climate ; Temperature ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Water hyacinth is an invasive aquatic plant that has been associated with major negative economic and ecological impacts in water systems worldwide, including Rwanda, since its establishment in the country in the 1960s. While biological control is considered the most sustainable management method, the success of biocontrol agents depends on various abiotic factors, with temperature being critical. This study assessed the suitability of potential water hyacinth biocontrol agents such as: Neochetina weevils, Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and Cornops aquaticum Bruner (Orthoptera: Acrididae) for regions with a temperate climate by testing their thermal boundaries. Using thermal physiology limits and CLIMEX modelling, we found that Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) had lower thermal minimums (CTmin) of 2.4°C and 2.6°C, respectively, compared to Megamelus scutellaris (4.7°C) and Cornops aquaticum (6.2°C). CLIMEX modelling predicted the suitability of Neochetina weevils and C. aquaticum across Rwanda, while M. scutellaris appeared unsuitable for the colder northern regions of the country but appropriate for the central and eastern regions. These findings suggests that the historical failure of Neochetina weevils introduced to Rwandan water bodies in 2000 was not due to temperature extremes. Rather, other factors such as release numbers or water quality may have played a role. This study provides crucial information for future biocontrol efforts in Rwanda and similar temperate regions, highlighting the importance of pre-release thermal tolerance assessments and climate modelling to predict biocontrol agent establishment and efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid40568910,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, C and Ruan, Z and Xie, J and Jeschke, JM and Comte, L and Olden, JD and Dong, Y and Chu, J and Kang, B and Leung, B},
title = {Dynamic Environmental Niches of Marine Invasive Species Over 200 Years.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {e70164},
doi = {10.1111/ele.70164},
pmid = {40568910},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {42176234//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; tsqn202312093//Mount Taishan Scholar Young Expert/ ; 42306133//the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Anticipating the risk of species invasions in new geographical regions remains fundamental to conservation. One critical assumption is that species' environmental niches remain stable under changing environments. If native environmental drivers predict introduced distributions, we would expect high overlap in niche space between native and introduced ranges, with introduced niche increasingly resembling their native niche over time. We quantified changes in species' occupied niche space across 200 years of invasion records, for 778 marine invaders at the global scale. For species in introduced ranges, the majority of their native niche space remained unfilled, even after two centuries. As expected, overlap between native and introduced niche spaces increased with time since invasion. However, niche overlap remained low on average, never exceeding 20% across species. Our results suggest that native environmental drivers will largely fail to predict introduced species ranges in marine ecosystems within policy-relevant (decadal) time frames.},
}
@article {pmid40566881,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramana, JV and Tylianakis, JM and Allen, WJ and Ridgway, HJ and Waller, LP and Orwin, KH and Dickie, IA},
title = {Invasive plants decrease arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and promote generalist fungal partners.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {247},
number = {5},
pages = {2381-2389},
pmid = {40566881},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//Bio-Protection Research Centre/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Plant Roots/microbiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Invasion by exotic plants is a major threat to ecosystem biodiversity globally. Although mutualistic belowground associations can play a significant role in successful invasion, studies have shown mixed results regarding the effects of plant invasion on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Here, we tested how exotic dominance (i.e. invasion extent) in plant communities impacts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community diversity, composition, and generalism at the scale of individual plants and plant communities, and whether these impacts are explained or moderated by plant root traits (root diameter). We characterized root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots of native and exotic plants growing together in experimental plant communities that ranged in invasion extent (exotic plant dominance from 0% to 100%). Increases in exotic dominance decreased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in both individual plant roots and plant communities. Greater relative abundance of generalist AMF was also observed in plant communities with increasing exotic dominance. Although root diameter affected fungal composition, it did not moderate or drive the effect of exotics. Our results highlight the role of invasion extent in understanding how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities respond to exotic plant invasion and the importance of preserving belowground biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid40564282,
year = {2025},
author = {Esposito, G and Bondavalli, F and Di Nicola, MR and Pastorino, P and Scala, S and Gini, M and Milanese, G and Turolla, E and Maganza, A and Sciuto, S and Meloni, D and Melillo, R and Acutis, P and Bozzetta, E and Virgilio, S and Faggio, C and Colussi, S and Prearo, M},
title = {Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Haemolymph as a Potential Reservoir of Mesophilic Shewanella Species.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {40564282},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is an invasive alien species in the Mediterranean Sea, posing threats to biodiversity, fisheries, and aquaculture. Climate change has worsened these challenges, influencing the distribution of bacterial species, including Shewanella species, which are sensitive to changes in temperature and salinity. In this study, 300 blue crabs were sampled between June and October 2024 from the Sacca di Goro (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) to investigate the prevalence of Shewanella species in their haemolymph. The prevalence was found to be 7% (21/300), with species such as S. mesophila, S. algae, S. cowelliana, and S. baltica identified, particularly in the months of September and October. Molecular techniques, including MALDI-TOF MS and rpoB gene amplification, were used to identify isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) revealed a trend of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. A network analysis was also conducted to examine the global trends of Shewanella research in relation to humans, animals, and the marine environment. While proper cooking eliminates the risk to consumers, handling without personal protective equipment can increase exposure, particularly for vulnerable individuals such as those who are elderly or immunocompromised. Mild symptoms are observed in children. Further studies, particularly with a One Health approach, are crucial to better understand the transmission dynamics and evolving antibiotic resistance of Shewanella species.},
}
@article {pmid40563021,
year = {2025},
author = {Kolics, B and Kolics, &#xc9; and Ács, Z and Proková, HM and Senková, KB and Senko, D},
title = {Easternmost distribution of Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax, du Buysson 1905) in Slovakia: urgent need for advanced detection and interregional monitoring.},
journal = {Biologia futura},
volume = {76},
number = {3},
pages = {413-417},
pmid = {40563021},
issn = {2676-8607},
support = {GINOP2.3.2-15-2016-00054//the Hungarian Government and the European Union, with the co-funding of the European Regional Development Fund in the frame of Sz&#xe9;chenyi 2020 Programme/ ; },
mesh = {Slovakia ; Animals ; *Wasps/genetics/physiology/classification ; *Animal Distribution/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) continues its spread across Europe, posing a significant threat to biodiversity, viticulture, and apiculture. This study reports the first molecular data of the invasive yellowlegged Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) in Slovakia, confirmed through molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Radio telemetry successfully located the nest within inaccessible private property, highlighting the technique's crucial role in early detection. This finding, along with the need for manual tracking techniques, public awareness campaigns, and regional monitoring programs, underscores the urgent need for proactive legal frameworks to facilitate the use of radio telemetry and ensure timely intervention to prevent further spread and mitigate the ecological and economic impacts of this invasive species in Slovakia and neighboring countries. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of continued research and development of radio telemetry techniques, including improved signal range and integration with drone technology, to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of V. velutina detection and control.},
}
@article {pmid40561269,
year = {2025},
author = {Souza, CDS and Marins, G and Camargo, IFLG and Lima, LB and Gomes, AS and Borghetti, F},
title = {Allelopathic hypotheses revisited: the interactions between native and exotic species in the Brazilian savanna.},
journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias},
volume = {97},
number = {3},
pages = {e20240252},
doi = {10.1590/0001-3765202520240252},
pmid = {40561269},
issn = {1678-2690},
mesh = {*Allelopathy/physiology ; Brazil ; *Introduced Species ; *Grassland ; *Poaceae/growth &amp; development ; Species Specificity ; Plant Leaves ; },
abstract = {We investigated allelopathic interactions between native and exotic species of the Cerrado biome. We studied the effects of the exotic Andropogon gayanus and the native A. bicornis on the initial growth of two native (A. fastigiatus and Lepidaploa aurea) and two exotic species (Melinis minutiflora and Stapfochloa elata). Leaves or roots of the donors were each mixed at ratios of 0.75, 1.5 and 3% (litter/soil) with soil samples collected in the same areas where they spontaneously co-occur with their target species. We found that A. gayanus inhibited the growth of all target species, what agrees with the novel weapon hypothesis. The native A. bicornis stimulated the growth of the two native species and of S. elata but inhibited the growth of the exotic M. minutiflora, in line with the homeland security hypothesis. Our studies suggest that allelopathy may have a part in the invasiveness of A. gayanus and that the inhibitory effect of A. bicornis on the growth of M. minutiflora might help to control the spread of this exotic grass. We conclude that allelopathy may be involved in the interactions between species and be used in controlling the spread of exotic species over many areas of the Cerrado.},
}
@article {pmid40559073,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, Y and Zhou, Y and Li, C},
title = {Effects of the Ecdysone Receptor on the Regulation of Reproduction in Coccinella septempunctata.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40559073},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {32460711//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; [2023]08//Science and Technology Innovation Project of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; [2023]&#xa0;011//Innovative&#xa0;Capabilities&#xa0;Buildup&#xa0;of&#xa0;Green&#xa0;Prevention and Control&#xa0;for Invasive&#xa0;Species&#xa0;in&#xa0;Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {The effects of the gene encoding the ecdysone receptor (EcR) on the reproduction of the ladybug Coccinella septempunctata was evaluated. EcR transcription was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in ladybug adults reared on artificial diets with and without 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). EcR expression levels in 5 d old male and female ladybugs supplied with the 20E-amended artificial diet were lower than expression levels in ladybugs reared on an artificial diet lacking 20E. However, EcR expression levels in 10 d old ladybugs supplied with the 20E artificial diet were higher than those lacking 20E supplementation. The regulatory effects of EcR were studied in female and male ladybugs by RNA interference. EcR expression in female ladybugs injected with EcR-dsRNA was significantly downregulated after 5 d but remained unaffected in 10 d old females. EcR expression levels in males microinjected with EcR-dsRNA were significantly lower at 5 and 10 d after microinjection than GFP-dsRNA-treated males. The ovary volume in females injected with EcR-dsRNA at 5 d was smaller than females microinjected with GFP-dsRNA, but volumes at 10 d were larger than in GFP-dsRNA-treated females. The testes of males injected with EcR-dsRNA were larger than those injected with GFP-dsRNA at 5 d but the testes at 10 d after injection with EcR-dsRNA were smaller than those injected with GFP-dsRNA. When females were microinjected with EcR-dsRNA and mated with noninjected males, egg production decreased by 34.80% for 20 days. When males were microinjected with EcR-dsRNA and mated with noninjected females, egg production decreased by 30.38% for 20 days. Injection of female and male ladybugs with EcR-dsRNA had no significant effect on egg hatching rates. Our results show that EcR plays an important role in the development of reproductive organs and egg development in C. septempunctata.},
}
@article {pmid40559063,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, T and Yang, Y and Maggi, F and Jiang, F and Yuan, R and Huang, L and Zhang, X and Cao, Y and Gao, Y},
title = {Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to the Floral Volatiles of the Horticultural Plant Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40559063},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {GCC[2023]074//Training Project for High-Level Innovative Talent in Guizhou Province/ ; ZK[2022]001//Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ[2023]024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; 043230030//Doctoral Foundation Project of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; },
abstract = {Volatile cues are important in the host detection and discrimination of phytophagous insects, allowing them to find suitable hosts. Here, the electroantennography (EAG) and behavioral responses of female Thrips hawaiiensis to the floral volatiles of different plants, Magnolia grandiflora L. (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae), Gerbera jamesonii Bolus (Asterales: Asteraceae), Lilium brownii Baker (Liliales: Liliaceae), and Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Rosales: Rosaceae), were studied. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that M. grandiflora was the preferred host for T. hawaiiensis. Fifty-two compounds were identified from the volatile profile of M. grandiflora by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, of which β-elemen (15.39%), bicyclogermacren (11.99%), and (E)-α-bisabolene (6.05%) showed the highest relative contents. The EAG bioassays revealed that the antennae of T. hawaiiensis could perceive these tested volatile compounds at different concentrations. In six-arm olfactometer bioassays, T. hawaiiensis showed significant positive responses to β-elemen and (E)-α-bisabolene at various concentrations, and 10 μg/μL was found to be the most attractive concentration for β-elemen, and 50 and 100 μg/μL for (E)-α-bisabolene. Based on the four-arm olfactometer bioassays, β-elemen was more attractive than (E)-α-bisabolene to T. hawaiiensis when compared at their optimal concentrations. Therefore, T. hawaiiensis could perceive and distinguish the floral volatiles from the preferred host plant (M. grandiflora). These findings assist in better understanding the mechanism of host preferences of T. hawaiiensis from a chemoecological perspective. In particular, β-elemen showed the greatest potential to be developed as a novel attractant for the monitoring and control of T. hawaiiensis.},
}
@article {pmid40559005,
year = {2025},
author = {Ahmad, S and Xu, D and Deng, X and He, Z and Ali, H and Zhuo, Z},
title = {Assessing Habitat Suitability for Phloeosinus aubei Perris in China: A MaxEnt-Based Predictive Analysis.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40559005},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {20A007, 20E051, 21E040 and 22kA011//Fundamental Research Funds of China West Normal University/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change reshapes species distributions, necessitating proactive measures to mitigate ecological impacts. This study investigates the potential spread of Phloeosinus aubei, a bark beetle with significant ecological consequences, under future climate scenarios in China. Using the MaxEnt model, we integrated occurrence records and scientific literature with bioclimatic and terrain variables to predict habitat suitability. The results reveal that P. aubei's distribution is highly influenced by precipitation and temperature, with key variables like annual precipitation (bio12, 30.4% contribution) and the minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6, 29% contribution) driving habitat suitability. Notably, under high-emission scenarios (SSP5-8.5), high-suitability areas could expand by 82.29% by the 2050s due to warming-induced precipitation changes in southwestern China. Model validation confirms a high predictive accuracy, with an AUC value of 0.92, underscoring the reliability of these projections. These findings highlight the beetle's potential to colonize new regions, posing risks to forest ecosystems. The study underscores the need for adaptive management strategies, including early detection and climate-resilient forestry practices, to safeguard vulnerable ecosystems from invasive species under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40558765,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiong, Y and Cui, J and Liu, X and Shu, H and Cao, P},
title = {Antifouling Mussel-Inspired Hydrogel with Furanone-Loaded ZIF-8 for Quorum Sensing-Mediated Marine Antifouling.},
journal = {Gels (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40558765},
issn = {2310-2861},
support = {2021M702761//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; CX(24)3066//Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology innovation Found/ ; CBGZJJ2023-2-12//Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Special Materials Surface Engineering/ ; 51905468//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Marine biofouling, the process of marine microorganisms, algae, and invertebrates attaching to and forming biofilms on ship hulls, underwater infrastructure, and marine equipment in ocean environments, severely impacts shipping and underwater operations by increasing fuel consumption, maintenance costs, and corrosion risks, and by threatening marine ecosystem stability via invasive species transport. This study reports the development of a hydrogel-metal-organic framework (MOF)-quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) antifouling coating on 304 stainless steel (SS) substrates. Inspired by mussel adhesion, a hydrophilic bionic hydrogel was first constructed via metal ion coordination. The traditional metal ion source was replaced with a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) loaded with 2-(5H)-furanone (HF, a QSI) without altering coating formation. Physicochemical characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and the diffraction of x-rays (XRD) confirmed successful HF loading into ZIF-8 with intact crystal structures. Antifouling tests showed HF@ZIF-8 enhanced antibacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (97.28%) and Escherichia coli (>97%) and suppressed Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 pigment synthesis at 0.25 mg/mL (sub-growth concentration). The reconstructed PG/PVP/PEI/HF@ZIF-8 coating achieved 72.47% corrosion inhibition via synergistic anodic protection and physical shielding. This work provides a novel green approach for surface antifouling and drag reduction, highlighting MOF-loaded QSIs as promising additives to enhance the antifouling performance of hydrogel coatings, anti-corrosion performance, and QSI performance for sustainable marine engineering applications.},
}
@article {pmid40552507,
year = {2025},
author = {Blumenthal, DM and Diez, J and Pearse, I and Sofaer, HR and Sorte, CJB and Barnett, D and Beaury, EM and Bradley, BA and Corbin, JD and Dukes, JS and Early, R and Ibáñez, I and Laughlin, DC and Petri, L and Vilà, M},
title = {Why are non-native plants successful? Consistently fast economic traits and novel origin jointly explain abundance across US ecoregions.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {3},
pages = {1192-1204},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70307},
pmid = {40552507},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {3012-21610-003-00D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; 2135795//Directorate for Biological Sciences/ ; 19114//National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; United States ; *Plants ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Leaves ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Geography ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Are non-native plants abundant because they are non-native, and have advantages over native plants, or because they possess 'fast' resource strategies, and have advantages in disturbed environments? This question is central to invasion biology but remains unanswered. We quantified the relative importance of resource strategy and biogeographic origin in 69 441 plots across the conterminous United States containing 11 280 plant species. Non-native species had faster economic traits than native species in most plant communities (77%, 86% and 82% of plots for leaf nitrogen concentration, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content). Non-native species also had distinct patterns of abundance, but these were not explained by their fast traits. Compared with functionally similar native species, non-native species were (1) more abundant in plains and deserts, indicating the importance of biogeographic origin, and less abundant in forested ecoregions, (2) were more abundant where co-occurring species had fast traits, for example due to disturbance, and (3) showed weaker signals of local environmental filtering. These results clarify the nature of plant invasion: Although non-native plants have consistently fast economic traits, other novel characteristics and processes likely explain their abundance and, therefore, impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40546910,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, K and Hepplewhite, M and San, EDL and Somers, MJ},
title = {Interspecies Haptic Sociality: An Observation of Grooming Between Two Mongoose Species.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {e71659},
pmid = {40546910},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Meerkats (Suricata suricatta) and yellow mongooses (Cynictis penicillata) share many behavioural characteristics and are known to, on rare occasions, live in close association through displayed cooperative vigilance and shared burrow use. Here, we describe the first visual observation of tactile social behaviour through grooming between a meerkat and a yellow mongoose in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve, South Africa. We hypothesise that the close relationship between the two species in the reserve may be a response to a combination of phylogenetic ties, shared behavioural traits, and the population collapse of meerkats in the reserve that exposed a vacant social niche. This observation of interspecific sociality further extends our knowledge of cooperation and group augmentation among meerkats, yellow mongooses and carnivores in general.},
}
@article {pmid40545411,
year = {2025},
author = {Bouyer, J and Iyaloo, D and Baldet, T},
title = {Preventing the establishment of invasive exotic mosquitoes.},
journal = {Trends in parasitology},
volume = {41},
number = {8},
pages = {617-619},
doi = {10.1016/j.pt.2025.06.001},
pmid = {40545411},
issn = {1471-5007},
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; *Aedes ; *Culicidae ; *Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; *Mosquito Vectors ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The boosted sterile insect technique, which involves releasing sterile males treated with a biocide such as pyriproxyfen to contaminate breeding sites, has been shown to be effective against Aedes vectors. This approach could prevent the establishment of invasive mosquitoes sharing the same larval habitats, such as Anopheles stephensi.},
}
@article {pmid40543134,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, SH and Ge, ZM and Tan, LS and Xie, LN and Li, YL},
title = {Multiple competitive superiority made a great successful invasion of Spartina alterniflora in Eastern China: hints for management.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {389},
number = {},
pages = {126287},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126287},
pmid = {40543134},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Poaceae ; *Introduced Species ; China ; Ecosystem ; Seeds ; },
abstract = {Numerous case studies indicate that the successful invasion of alien species involve multiple mechanisms. Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) has rapidly and extensively encroached on China's coastline over the past decades, however, limited studies have explored multiple invasion mechanisms. Using a combination of greenhouse experiments, field survey, and literature investigations, a cross-scale study of S. alterniflora in Eastern China was conducted to link the multiple invasion mechanisms against the dominant native species, Phragmites australis (Poaceae) and Scirpus mariqueter (Cyperaceae) at high and low coastal habitats, respectively. The results revealed that S. alterniflora was competitive superior to native species at the seed/seedling scale, with a higher seed yield and germination rate, and low risk of seed hunting by crabs. At the individual scale, S. alterniflora showed a stronger tolerance to changing environmental factors impacting photosynthesis, growth parameters, and root architecture, compared with the native P. australis. S. alterniflora were also resilient to insect pests. At the community scale, S. alterniflora showed shading effects on the native S. mariqueter. The multiple competitive advantage led to the successful invasion of S. alterniflora in Eastern China, broadening our understanding of why the exotic species can achieve dominance in whole China's coast. We suggest that the multiple competitive superiority of S. alterniflora can be integrated from the perspectives of the organizational level of life systems to efficaciously forecast invasion trajectories and design control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40543132,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Zhang, J and Zhang, J and Du, J and Yang, R and Niu, M and Li, Y},
title = {The high economic cost of biological invasions in China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {389},
number = {},
pages = {126224},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126224},
pmid = {40543132},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species/economics ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; },
abstract = {China faces challenges to increasing biological invasions as its trade volume increases. However, comprehensive assessments of invasion costs in China are rare, which hinders its green growth for sustainable environments. We estimated economic costs of invasive alien species (IAS) in China using a comprehensive database based on new search phrases. China ranks as the second most economically vulnerable countries (following USA) to IAS. Cumulative costs of IAS reached US$ 3124.66 billion (US$ 2017) (or RMB 21,118.95 billion, with an average of RMB 422.38 billion per year) for total data from 1973 to 2022 and US$ 425.08 billion for robust data, 6.36 times and 3.32 times estimates from Global Invasion Cost Database (InvaCost), respectively. Forests and southeastern coastal regions suffered from higher costs. Damage cost was 184 times management cost for robust data and 73 times that for total data. IAS originating from North America posed greater costs to China than those from other continents. China needs to invest more resources in managing biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40543129,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, H and Yang, Q and Liu, J and Sun, F and Hu, C and Shen, N and Yuan, P and Gao, H},
title = {Resilient invaders: The exotic species' role in mitigating microplastics and perfluorooctanoic acid pollution.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {389},
number = {},
pages = {126177},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126177},
pmid = {40543129},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Fluorocarbons/toxicity ; *Microplastics/toxicity ; *Caprylates/toxicity ; *Introduced Species ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical ; *Hydrocharitaceae ; Photosynthesis/drug effects ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Does the vector role of invasive species exacerbate the stress risks posed by emerging contaminants during the process of biological colonization? In this study, a 21-day mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on the invasive potential, photosynthesis, and water purification capacity of the exotic submerged plant Elodea canadensis. The results demonstrated that PS-PFOA composite pollution exhibited significant synergistic toxic effects, primarily by inhibiting photosynthetic efficiency, disrupting nitrogen metabolism, and exacerbating oxidative stress. This study identified a unique compensatory growth mechanism: exposure to PS (10 mg/L) and PFOA (20 μg/L) significantly increased chlorophyll b (20.47 %), carbon uptake (4.69 %), and phosphorus uptake (18.96 %) in E. canadensis, thereby maintaining growth under stress conditions. Furthermore, E. canadensis contributed to pollutant attenuation through synergistic interactions with dominant microbial taxa, indicating adaptive cooperation between plant and microbial communities. The observed increase in TP levels was attributed to enhanced microbial metabolic activity and associated physicochemical processes. These findings highlight previously underexplored adaptive strategies of invasive plants and microbial collaboration under dual-contaminant stress, offering novel insights into the ecological functions of invasive species and their implications for risk assessment and aquatic ecosystem restoration.},
}
@article {pmid40542513,
year = {2025},
author = {Maciel, JC and Cabral, CM and Silva, JMS and de Abreu, CM and Oliveira, FS and Souza, IM and Francino, DMT and Ferreira, EA and da Silva, RS and Dos Santos, JB},
title = {First Report of a Histological Technique for Observing the Anatomy of the Epidermis of Melinis minutiflora.},
journal = {Microscopy research and technique},
volume = {88},
number = {10},
pages = {2771-2782},
pmid = {40542513},
issn = {1097-0029},
mesh = {*Plant Epidermis/anatomy &amp; histology/cytology ; *Plant Leaves/anatomy &amp; histology/cytology ; *Histological Techniques/methods ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {This article describes precise and unpublished data on leaf anatomy of Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. This species is an aggressive invasive plant that invades Environmental Protection Areas. Studies on the dissociation of the leaf epidermis using histological techniques could help to identify specific leaf characteristics that can significantly influence the success of invasion into new environments. This study identifies, for the first time, a histological technique that makes it possible to dissociate the entire leaf epidermis of the invasive species M. minutiflora in order to evaluate the anatomical structures in frontal view. The freehand paradermal cut, the hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite methods and the epidermal impression technique were evaluated. The median region of each leaf was sectioned into samples of approximately 1 cm[2] to dissociate the epidermis. The results demonstrate that the method with sodium hypochlorite was the one that best enabled the dissociation of the M. minutiflora epidermis in its entirety and the obtaining of semi-permanent slides. This method is easy to perform, effective and ensures the preservation of the structural integrity of the cells, allowing a clearer and more detailed visualization of the cells and tissues under the microscope. This method also has the potential to be applied to plants that have stomata arranged in longitudinal rows and have morphological characteristics that make it difficult to observe the stomata. The histological technique of printing the epidermis with instant adhesive, although it has presented some negative points, such as distortion and deformation of the cells, is a useful and low-cost technique for measuring characters of interest. These findings provide a better understanding of leaf anatomy and contribute to the accurate identification of invasive plant species and the development of effective control and management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40541049,
year = {2025},
author = {Lazarus, BE and Mueller, RC and Germino, MJ},
title = {Soil-microbial communities respond less than plant communities to synthetic- or bio-herbicides applied to address the exotic grass-fire cycle in rangelands.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {991},
number = {},
pages = {179831},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179831},
pmid = {40541049},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Herbicides/toxicity ; *Microbiota/drug effects ; Poaceae ; Introduced Species ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Bacteria ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; *Soil Pollutants ; },
abstract = {The exotic grass-fire cycle is degrading semiarid rangelands, such as the vast areas of shrub-steppe in North America now invaded by fire-promoting cheatgrass. Chemical- or bio-herbicides are sprayed onto soils to inhibit the invaders, but information on chemical- or bio-herbicide impacts to soil microbial communities is limited. We asked how the soil-microbiome responded to the bioherbicide Pseudomonas fluorescens strain ACK55 in comparison to the separate and combined effects of a conventional pre-emergent chemical herbicide, imazapic, in two cheatgrass-invaded sagebrush-steppe sites. First-year microbial responses were evaluated using targeted sequencing of the 16S and LSU rRNA genes for bacteria+archaea and fungi, respectively, and were related to plant-community responses. A strong cheatgrass reduction with imazapic at one site was accompanied by a small shift in bacteria+archaea (16S) community composition with no effect on microbial alpha diversity, and this shift was small in comparison to natural microbiome variation between sites. ACK55 was not detected in soil a year after application, and it caused only transient and marginally significant reductions in annual grass cover accompanied by small reductions in soil fungi species richness. Full-length sequencing of the ACK55 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analyses revealed that ACK55 is more likely P. salmonii than P. fluorescens. Knowledge gaps remain on the duration and consequences of microbial-community shifts with imazapic and why molecular analyses showed ACK55 did not persist in soils. Confusion regarding microbial biopesticides can result where isolation, effectiveness testing, commercial release, and regulation are not guided by molecular taxonomic analyses.},
}
@article {pmid40540905,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, K and Xu, J and Chang, L and Luo, Q and Song, J and Zhou, Y and Yi, Y},
title = {Tracking the spatial and temporal evolution of salt marsh vegetation based on UAV sampling and seasonal phenology from Landsat data.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {389},
number = {},
pages = {126204},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126204},
pmid = {40540905},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; Seasons ; *Unmanned Aerial Devices ; Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Machine Learning ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Remote Sensing Technology ; },
abstract = {Salt marshes, valued for their ecological importance, have been increasingly degraded in recent decades. Preserving salt marshes necessitates a critical approach that involves monitoring vegetation distribution and species composition. This study presents a high-precision salt marsh mapping framework for the Yellow River Delta (YRD), integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), machine learning and seasonal phenological features from Landsat data. UAV data facilitate sampling efficiency, while seasonal phenology improves species differentiation in classification models. Among the tested algorithms, the Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest overall accuracy (89 %), outperforming support vector machines, gradient-boosted decision trees and deep neural network, particularly in identifying mixed-vegetation zones. Autumn phenological features emerged as critical discriminators for vegetation type classification. From 1991 to 2022, the salt marsh area exhibited an initial decline, followed by stabilization, and subsequent expansion, reaching 259.15 km[2] in 2022. Notably, the invasive species Spartina alterniflora expanded significantly after 2009, reaching 61.4 km[2] before its eradication in 2021. This research demonstrates that integrating UAV and seasonal phenological data provides a scalable, high-precision approach for long-term salt marsh monitoring. The framework provides robust tools and actionable insights for conservation, invasive species management, and ecosystem restoration.},
}
@article {pmid40540120,
year = {2025},
author = {Barrios-Montivero, AE and Martínez, PA and Ojanguren-Affilastro, AA},
title = {The Ongoing Expansion of the Medically Important Scorpions in Southern South America.},
journal = {EcoHealth},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {313-331},
pmid = {40540120},
issn = {1612-9210},
support = {PIP 2021-2023 11220200101990CO//Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient&#xed;ficas y T&#xe9;cnicas/ ; PICT 2019-0597//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; },
mesh = {*Scorpions/classification/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; South America ; Humans ; },
abstract = {We revise the expansion of synanthropic medically important species of Scorpions of genus Tityus in southern South America: Tityus bahiensis (Perty 1833), Tityus carrilloi Ojanguren-Affilastro 2021, Tityus confluens Borelli 1899, Tityus costatus (Karsch, 1879), Tityus serrulatus Lutz &amp; Mello, 1922, and Tityus trivittatus Kraepelin 1898, which due to their synanthropic capabilities we regard as invasive species. We also build species distribution models (SMDs) from bioclimatic variables using Maxent. We also included the human density variable in the model, because medically important species in the area are synanthropic, being more common in urban areas than in natural environments. We present their current suitable areas and the potential future distribution up to 2070. According to our analyses most species will expand in the close future, reaching countries without Scorpionism problems, such as Chile and Uruguay. We conclude that, besides synanthropic capabilities, parthenogenesis is the main factor favoring the expansion of some of these species. We also conclude that interactions between invasive Tityus species may hinder their expansion process due to potential competition or exclusion mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid40539441,
year = {2025},
author = {Cuthbert, RN},
title = {Hybridisation primes population invasiveness under environmental change.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {9},
pages = {1618-1621},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70074},
pmid = {40539441},
issn = {1365-2656},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Amphipoda/physiology/genetics ; },
abstract = {Research Highlight: Jermacz, Ł., Podwysocki, K., Desiderato, A., Bącela-Spychalska, K., Rewicz, T., Szczerkowska, E., Augustyniak, M., Gjoni, V., &amp; Kobak, J. (2025). The same species, not the same invader: Metabolic responses of genetically distinct invasive populations of Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) and their intraspecific hybrid to environmental stresses. Journal of Animal Ecology, in press. Biological invasions are a major global environmental change that has contributed to most anthropogenic extinction events while costing trillions. Invasiveness and impact assessments are often done at the species level; however, there is growing recognition that intraspecific population-level differences can be profound, especially in response to environmental gradients. Jermacz et al. (2025) employ a series of experiments to compare physiological responses between two populations of a high-impact invasive amphipod, the 'killer shrimp' Dikerogammarus villosus, under stresses associated with climate change. Moreover, they assess the performance of intraspecific hybrids between the populations, which are expected to converge in future along their separate invasion routes from the Ponto-Caspian region. The main finding in their study is that-alongside differences in physiological performance between the two populations-their intraspecific hybrids exhibit significant performance advantages under environmental stress. The increased genetic diversity and phenotypic capacity afforded through hybridisation between distinct invasive populations could be a mechanism that bolsters invasion success under climate change. These findings have implications for fundamentally understanding and practically managing invasive populations in changing environments.},
}
@article {pmid40539019,
year = {2025},
author = {Barzaghi, B and Manenti, R and Ficetola, GF and Pennati, R and Melotto, A},
title = {Light in the Darkness: Responses to Light and Diel Activity Rhythm in an Eyeless Cave Flatworm (Dendrocoelum italicum).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {e71584},
pmid = {40539019},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Troglobiont species show common traits derived from adaptation to subterranean life. Due to lack of light in cave environments most troglobiont species show eye reduction or even loss, often accompanied by a disruption of diel rhythmicity. Although cave adaptation and eye absence generally imply the loss of capability to perceive light, several cave-adapted species have retained this function, showing some degree of phototaxy or rhythmicity. Flatworms are ubiquitous in natural habitats and the response to light or diel rhythmicity of surface-dwelling species has received considerable scientific attention in the past and is increasingly studied. Conversely, responses to light stimuli have been poorly investigated in eyeless troglobiont flatworms. Here we coupled field monitoring and behavioural experiments to investigate phototactic responses and variation in diel activity patterns in the troglobiont eyeless flatworm Dendrocoelum italicum. We tested 27 D. italicum individuals from 'Bus del Budrio' cave, measuring their response to light stimuli in a semi-obscured experimental arena under different light-exposure treatments: dim light, bright light and darkness. Besides, during a 2-year period we conducted 18 visual-count surveys to monitor daytime and nighttime flatworm abundance in the cave. Behavioural tests showed that flatworms selected the darker side of the arena under both bright and dim light exposure, revealing a marked negative phototaxis. Field surveys revealed that flatworm abundance was significantly affected by the diurnal cycle, with a higher number of individuals visible during the night. These outcomes offer interesting insights on adaptation to cave environments, showing that key functions, such as the capability to respond to light or diurnal cycles, can be retained in troglobiont species and call for future investigation assessing the potential adaptive roles of these traits in mediating their exploitation of subterranean environments or their interface with the surface. Besides, this study proposes an effective in-field method for conducting studies on subterranean fauna responses to light stimuli.},
}
@article {pmid40538492,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Y and Zhang, M and Liu, Y and He, F},
title = {Adaptive behavior and connectance of invasive plants mediate community composition in multilayered ecological networks.},
journal = {Biological invasions},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {156},
pmid = {40538492},
issn = {1387-3547},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Much evidence has shown that adaptive behavior can greatly modulate the dynamics of food webs, but little is known about how adaptive behaviors of invasive plant species affect community composition in multilayered networks. Following a proven network model, we constructed networks of native communities that are invaded by exotic plant species based on three linkage rules. We examined the effects of both adaptive behavior and network connectance of invasive plant species on the persistence of native species and diversity-invasion success relationship. Results showed that community persistence was mainly affected by the connectance of invasive plant species regardless of adaptive behavior. Given a fixed proportion (F1) of native mutualist species linked to the invasive plant species, community persistence displayed an inverse hump-shaped relationship with the increasing proportion (F2) of native plant species linked to the invasive plant species. Compared to the results without adaptive behavior, the adaptive behavior made most negative diversity-invasion relationship become a nonlinear U-shape at fixed proportion (F1). In addition, the adaptive behavior made most negative diversity-invasion relationship insignificant for some proportion (F1) when proportion (F2) was fixed. It could even reverse this relationship if the invading species was more likely to link to native species already having fewer links than those having higher links. Our results underline the importance of considering adaptive behavior and the network degree of invasive plant species for understanding the effect of invasive species on the structure and composition of ecological networks.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10530-025-03601-9.},
}
@article {pmid40536911,
year = {2025},
author = {Moroni, B and Meletiadis, A and Di Nicola, MR and Garcia-Vozmediano, A and Pitti, M and Dipietromaria, G and Zoppi, S and Bergagna, S and Pinnelli, V and Guasco, C and Acutis, P and Pastorino, P and Prearo, M and Esposito, G},
title = {Prevalence of Salmonella, Cryptosporidium and Leptospira in Invasive Pond Slider (Trachemys scripta) in North-Western Italy.},
journal = {Veterinary medicine and science},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {e70439},
pmid = {40536911},
issn = {2053-1095},
mesh = {Animals ; Italy/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Cryptosporidium/isolation &amp; purification ; *Turtles/microbiology ; *Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology/parasitology ; *Salmonella/isolation &amp; purification ; *Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Leptospirosis/epidemiology/veterinary/microbiology ; *Leptospira/isolation &amp; purification ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Natural lakes and ponds typically feature green areas where people engage in recreational and sporting activities. In Italy, these areas are often inhabited by non-native freshwater turtles, even at high densities. However, freshwater turtles have been identified as natural carriers for various pathogens that can be transmitted to humans, making their sanitary monitoring crucial to prevent accidental transmission through direct or indirect contact. In this study, we investigated the presence of three potentially zoonotic pathogens, namely Salmonella, Leptospira and Cryptosporidium, in a group of 83 freshwater turtles (Trachemys scripta) captured in Piedmont, Northwest Italy. Overall infection prevalence was 9.6%. Salmonella spp. was detected in ten specimens of T. s. elegans and Cryptosporidium ducismarci in one specimen of T. s. scripta. Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae was confirmed in ten freshwater turtles. No Leptospira DNA was detected. Our findings highlight that turtles, as asymptomatic carriers of zoonotic pathogens, contribute to environmental contamination and public health risks, underscoring the need for sanitary monitoring of invasive alien species under a 'One Health' approach.},
}
@article {pmid40536263,
year = {2025},
author = {Ferguson, PL and Martyn, TE and Downey, MC and Fischer, JM and Burke, IC and Lauenroth, WK},
title = {The effect of mechanical canopy reduction on big sagebrush plant communities.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {e70056},
pmid = {40536263},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Partnership in Forestry &amp; Rangeland Research Program at the Yale School of the Environment/ ; },
mesh = {*Artemisia/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Colorado ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {A major conservation challenge in the western United States is implementing management treatments that reduce fire risk, control for invasive species, and maintain herbaceous understories in big sagebrush ecosystems. Studies have found that mechanical treatment of big sagebrush can reduce fire risk and promote herbaceous understories, but a consensus on the long-term impacts of big sagebrush reduction remains unclear. We used a time series (20 years) of treated sites to understand the short- and long-term response of herbaceous plants and shrubs to mastication treatment in big sagebrush plant communities of south-central Colorado. We found that mastication to a height of 15 cm significantly reduced big sagebrush cover and increased perennial grass cover in the short term. The significant increase in perennial grass cover on recently treated (1-2 years) sites was largely attributed to C3 rather than C4 perennial bunchgrasses. Recently treated sites had greater annual plant cover and density than untreated sites. However, on sites treated more than 2 years ago, there was no significant difference between perennial grass and annual plant cover or density. Perennial forb cover and density was not affected by treatments. Initially reduced by nearly 80%, big sagebrush cover returned at a rapid and constant rate over time and returned to a statistically indistinguishable cover from the untreated sites within 8-10 years while height recovered slowly. Our results underscore the resilience of big sagebrush to partial canopy removal and emphasize the long-term dynamics following treatment.},
}
@article {pmid40536255,
year = {2025},
author = {Cronau, RJT and Lamers, LPM and de Fouw, J and van Katwijk, MM and Bouma, TJ and Heusinkveld, JHT and Poortvliet, T and van der Heide, T},
title = {Combining co-introduction with patch-size optimization as a novel strategy to maximize seagrass restoration.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {e70055},
pmid = {40536255},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Rijkswaterstaat/ ; },
mesh = {*Zosteraceae/physiology ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Coastal ecosystem engineers, such as mussels, oysters, salt marsh grasses, and seagrasses, typically shape their environment by ameliorating stressors when they grow beyond a critical population size. In doing so, they not only facilitate themselves but also provide habitat for diverse communities, which in turn, can engage in reciprocal interspecific facilitation. Over the last decades, anthropogenic disturbances have caused rapid degradation of coastal ecosystems, emphasizing the need for their restoration. Although the importance of both inter- and intraspecific positive interactions has been confirmed in small-scale experiments, their combined potential remains to be tested in restoration-scale experiments. Here, we examine whether restoration aimed at simultaneous recovery of both facilitation types can increase restoration yields of the seagrass Zostera marina. We conducted a full factorial experiment by manipulating patch size to test for intraspecific facilitation effects and co-introduced the epiphyte-grazing snails Littorina littorea to investigate interspecific facilitation. We found that the effect of including intraspecific facilitation on restoration yields was highly dependent on the hydrodynamic exposure conditions at the restoration site. Large patches in the most exposed sites showed a 40% increase in seagrass restoration yield compared to small patches, while at sheltered sites, large patches counted up to 60% less surviving plants compared to small ones. Interspecific facilitation, on the other hand, increased success yields by 73% on average. Moreover, in some plots where L. littorea survived through the winter, we counted 20 times more shoots than plots without co-introduction. Our study is the first to demonstrate that co-introduction can serve as a successful large-scale restoration strategy. Additionally, we highlight that integration of both inter- and intraspecific facilitation into restoration designs can be a powerful approach to increase coastal restoration success. However, we emphasize that these strategies should be applied specifically to counter environmental stressors as they may have adverse effects themselves in environments without such stressors.},
}
@article {pmid40534979,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, JG and Wu, JW and Li, WJ},
title = {Ecological Niche Changes and Risk Regionalization of the Invasive Plant Praxelis clematidea.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {e71546},
pmid = {40534979},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Praxelis clematidea is a noxious invasive weed. Understanding the dispersion trends and niche changes inherent to P. clematidea will be helpful for monitoring this invasive species and for providing early warnings of its spread and developing appropriate scientific prevention and control measures. In this study, the invasion risk zones of P. clematidea in Guizhou Province were classified via MaxEnt, Zonation, and ArcGIS. The dispersion trend was predicted, and the ecological niche change was quantified via the R software ecospat package. The results revealed that (1) the current high-risk areas for P. clematidea invasion in Guizhou cover 14,096.03 km[2], concentrated mainly in the western to southern regions (Liupanshui, Anshun, Qianxinan, and Qiannan); the medium-risk areas cover 21,144.04 km[2], concentrated mainly in the southwestern region (Anshun, Qiannan); and the low-risk areas cover 26430.05 km[2], occurring in all cities of Guizhou but concentrated mainly in the small areas outside the high- and medium-risk areas. (2) From the present until the 2050s, the risk areas of P. clematidea will expand mainly toward the southeastern parts; from the 2050s to the 2070s, the risk areas will decrease in the southeast; and from the 2070s to the 2090s, they will expand at a large scale in the central and northeastern parts. Overall, the trend is toward expansion. (3) The degree of ecological niche overlap between P. clematidea in Guizhou Province and its original habitat is very low (Schoener's D= 0.12); the rates of niche expansion, stability, and underfilling are 0.88, 0.12, and 0.96, respectively, indicating niche instability. P. clematidea invades and occupies areas with relatively high precipitation during the warmest season in Guizhou Province. Compared with the temperature preferences in the coldest season in the original area, this species can adapt to low temperatures.},
}
@article {pmid40534718,
year = {2025},
author = {Sedibana, L and Kganyago, M and Jaca, T and Yessoufou, K},
title = {First spectral reflectance dataset of a highly invasive and aggressive alien plant species, Equisetum hyemale (snakegrass), in South Africa: Towards early detection and effective eradication.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {60},
number = {},
pages = {111582},
pmid = {40534718},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {This paper presents the first spectral reflectance dataset of snakegrass (Equisetum hyemale L.) invasive alien species recorded in South Africa. A total of 338 plant specimens were collected in Howick, KwaZulu-Natal province, and carefully stored in a cooler box for less than 24 hours of collection to retain the structural and biochemical state of the specimens and their overall characteristics. Then, spectral reflectance measurements were collected under laboratory conditions using the PSR-300 Spectral Evolution full-range spectrometer, equipped with a bifurbucated cable, a leaf clip and an artificial lighting system. Next, spectral preprocessing was performed in R statistical software to remove noisy spectra and regions and perform averaging per sample. The dataset is critical for early detection of the species and spatial distribution mapping using remotely piloted systems and earth observation satellites, providing essential information for aiding containment and eradication efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40533711,
year = {2025},
author = {Javed, Q and Sun, J and Černe, M and Iqbal, B and Bouhadi, M and Heath, DJ and He, F and Ullah, MS and Akbar, R and Du, D},
title = {The Effect of Native Plant Diversity on the Success of Invasive Species in Polluted Soils.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology (London, England)},
volume = {34},
number = {7},
pages = {1211-1227},
pmid = {40533711},
issn = {1573-3017},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Soil Pollutants/toxicity/analysis ; Soil/chemistry ; *Biodiversity ; *Plants/classification ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Soil pollution can significantly disrupt native plant communities by weakening native species and giving invasive species a competitive advantage. This study aimed to assess the resistance of native species to invasive species in plant communities with varying species densities, focusing on growth traits and soil properties under the influence of different soil pollutants. Four native experimental communities varying in number of species were established, with each community paired with a distinct invasive species., i.e., C1 (four natives, i.e., Lactuca indica L., Plantago asiatica L., Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Alternanthera sessilis L. + Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G. L.), C2 (four natives, i.e., L. indica, P. asiatica, L. japonicus, A. sessilis + Sphagneticola trilobata L.), C3 (five natives, i.e., L. indica, P. asiatica, L. japonicus, A. sessilis, Hemistepta lyrata (Bunge) + S. subulatum), C4 (five natives, i.e., L. indica, P. asiatica, L. japonicus, A. sessilis, H. lyrata + S. trilobata). These communities were exposed to four soil pollutant treatments: (i) no pollutants (CK), (ii) PE microplastic particles (MP), (iii) cadmium, representing a heavy metal (HM), and (iv) both MP + HM. An ANOVA showed that MP, HM, and MP + HM significantly affected the biomass of both native and invasive species across all four communities (P < 0.05). Furthermore, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and CO2 emissions were higher in C2 and C4 soils (invaded by S. trilobata) than in C1 and C3 soils (invaded by S. subulatum). The invasion resistance index (IRIN) of the native species increased in C1 compared to C2 by 74.50, 49.86, 18.34, and 24.72% under CK, MP, HM, and MP + HM treatments, respectively. Similarly, the IRIN in C3 increased relative to C4 by 48.30, 30.45, 22.56, and 31.03% under the same treatments. The study concludes that invasion resistance of native species depends on species diversity, the specific invasive competitor, and the type of pollutant.},
}
@article {pmid40531859,
year = {2025},
author = {Bryś, MS and Olszewski, K and Strachecka, A},
title = {The relationship between pollen monodiets and the activities of proteolytic systems in the fat body and hemolymph of honeybee workers.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0326175},
pmid = {40531859},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Bees/physiology/metabolism/enzymology ; Animals ; *Pollen ; *Hemolymph/metabolism/enzymology ; *Fat Body/enzymology/metabolism ; *Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; },
abstract = {The homogenization of landscapes through the introduction of large-scale farms, the decline of biodiversity conditioned by high summer temperatures and dry weather, as well as the expansion of alien species determine the monodiet feeding of honeybees. In this study, we investigated the effect of monopollen feeding regimens (containing hazel, rapeseed, pine, buckwheat, Phacelia, and goldenrod) on the activity of the proteolytic system in the tergite 3, tergite 5 or sternite apian fat body, and hemolymph. We showed that pollen from rapeseed, Phacelia, buckwheat, and goldenrod increased the activities of acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases and their inhibitors in the fat body and hemolymph when compared to the group fed with sugar candy only. The activities of proteases and their inhibitors in bees fed with pollen from hazel and pine were usually higher compared to the activities of honeybees fed with sugar candy only, but lower than in workers fed sugar candy with the pollen of entomophilous plants. Moreover, when comparing the proteolytic system activity between localizations/segments, the highest values were observed in tergite 5, regardless of what age the bees were and whether they were fed candy with added pollen. It is important to understand the impact of individual types of pollen in the context of potential future monodiets. Furthermore, the beneficial impact of Phacelia pollen to drive the rise of protease and protease inhibitor activities, helping to counteract negative environmental factors, can be supported by introducing, for example, flower mixtures for the insects or pollen-supplemented sugar candies for bees during periods without access to pollen.},
}
@article {pmid40531411,
year = {2025},
author = {Sarma, D and Khanikor, B},
title = {Potential of Eugenol for Eco-friendly Control of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Integrated Model with Non-target Organism.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {78},
pmid = {40531411},
issn = {1678-8052},
mesh = {Animals ; *Eugenol ; *Aedes/drug effects ; Larva/drug effects ; *Insecticides ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; },
abstract = {Eugenol, a major constituent of clove and basil essential oils, has gained attention for its insecticidal properties, particularly against Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, suggesting potential effectiveness against other Aedes species. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Asian tiger mosquito) is a rapidly spreading invasive species responsible for transmitting serious diseases, including dengue. In the present study, we evaluated eugenol's larvicidal activity against A. albopictus larvae and its impact on the non-target larvivorous fish, Trichogaster fasciata. Eugenol showed larvicidal activity with an LC50 of 149.89 ± 17.38 ppm, while clove oil had a lower LC50 of 77.11 ppm at 24 h. Eugenol exposure resulted in notable larval morphological changes, including melanization of the thorax and anal papillae. Histopathological analysis revealed toxic effects of eugenol on the peritrophic membrane, epithelial layer and microvilli of the larval midgut after 24 h. We also assessed the acute toxicity of eugenol on T. fasciata over 96 h using LC10, LC25 and LC50 concentrations. LC10 and LC25 concentrations were safe for the fish, but LC50 caused immediate mortality. Remarkably, LC25 concentration restored the natural pigmentation of T. fasciata, which had been lost in aquarium acclimatized conditions. Histopathological examination revealed normal gill and liver features in fish exposed to LC25. In an integrated model, eugenol at LC25 effectively killed A. albopictus larvae and did not harm the non-target larvivorous mosquito Toxorhynchites splendens Theobald and fish T. fasciata. Thus, eugenol (LC25) shows promise for controlling A. albopictus larvae in small aquariums and nursery ponds, alongside beneficial larvivorous species.},
}
@article {pmid40531279,
year = {2025},
author = {Duarte, S and Ropars, L and Machon, N and Desutter-Grandcolas, L},
title = {Wild Bee Species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) of Three Western Provinces of Cuba: A Century of Temporal Dynamics.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {77},
pmid = {40531279},
issn = {1678-8052},
mesh = {Animals ; Cuba ; Bees/classification ; *Biodiversity ; Seasons ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Bees, which play a vital role in the reproduction of plant, are in decline due to multiple factors. In tropical islands, despite their growing extent, urban areas are less explored and sampled compared to natural areas. Historical collections and online databases can then provide information on the temporal dynamics of pollinators as well as ecological information, providing a proxy for deficient sampling. This study investigates the diversity and ecological characteristics of the wild bee community and its temporal dynamics in the Havana province of Cuba. Cuba is a biodiversity hotspot in the Caribbean and hosts the highest bee biodiversity in the Antilles. Here, we analyzed 1,322 records (of which 1,067 new) from various sources (online databases, literature, and historical natural collections during the XIX Century). In the studied area our data attest the presence of 52 species (23 genera, 4 families), of which 47 are native (14 endemics) and four are introduced species Three species categorized as "critically endangered" for the country were recorded; 41 species are polylectic (78.8%) and 11 kleptoparasitic (21.2%). Most species were found during the rainy season (49 species vs 39 species recorded in dry season). Regarding the variation of the wild bee population over the years, one third of the recorded species have not been observed since the last century, while about 70% of the species persist. Analysis of a century data underscores the importance of conserving the wild bee community in these provinces.},
}
@article {pmid40530861,
year = {2025},
author = {Ladouceur, E and Wohlwend, M and Schutzenhofer, MR and Chase, JM and Knight, TM},
title = {Invasion timing affects multiple scales, metrics, and facets of biodiversity outcomes in ecological restoration experiments.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {e70062},
pmid = {40530861},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {202548816//German Research Foundation/ ; //Tyson Research Center/ ; //German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Time Factors ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods ; *Grassland ; },
abstract = {The need to develop optimal restoration protocols for degraded grasslands has led to experimental research aimed at determining how different restoration treatments influence outcomes for biodiversity. The magnitude and direction of diversity responses to restoration treatments may depend on the spatial scale at which diversity is measured (local, regional), the metric of diversity used (Hill numbers), and the facet of diversity (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic) considered. We conducted a long-term factorial experiment in a degraded grassland in Missouri, USA, in which we experimentally applied a regionally appropriate biodiverse seed mixture, added soil nutrients to restore soil fertility, and varied the timing in which the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata entered the community. We used a unified framework of Hill numbers to evaluate how treatments influenced diversity, considering different spatial scales, metrics, and facets (taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional). We find that the timing in which the invasive L. cuneata entered the community had large effects on diversity, while nutrient addition had more limited effects. This was driven by the high dominance of the focal invasive when allowed to invade early in the growing season, suppressing diversity. The positive effects of late invasion increased in magnitude with spatial grain and were higher for taxonomic than phylogenetic and functional facets of diversity. This was largely due to the dominance of the focal invasive, negatively affecting diversity within specific plant families or functional phenotypes across treatments. Under early invasion, nutrients had a negative effect, particularly at local scales, inflating beta diversity in this treatment and resulting in negative to no effect of late invasion on many aspects of beta diversity. Our results demonstrate the importance of looking at a multitude of different measures of diversity to understand the relative effects of ecological restoration treatments combined with invasion timing. Efforts to keep noxious plant invaders out of a system early in restoration approaches better allow desirable, native plants to establish and can have long-term benefits for multiple aspects of diversity.},
}
@article {pmid40530444,
year = {2025},
author = {Matsuhashi, S and Sugiura, R and Asai, M and Asami, H and Kowata, Y and Akamatsu, Y and Sasaki, K and Yoshino, N and Ihara, N and Koarai, A},
title = {Field evaluation of an agricultural weed detector using YOLO image recognition: background conditions affect detection performance.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {10},
pages = {6560-6566},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70009},
pmid = {40530444},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//a research project for technologies to strengthen the international competitiveness of Japan's agriculture and food industry/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Weeds ; *Weed Control/methods/instrumentation ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Japan ; Algorithms ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Image recognition tools for weed identification, such as smartphone applications, have the potential to enhance user knowledge, provide early invasive weed alerts, and enable site-specific weed management. Although numerous studies have reported product development and model accuracy, few have evaluated these tools in practical environments beyond developmental settings. In this study, we developed a weed detector using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) v3 object detection algorithm to identify six noxious weed species. Specifically, we examined the effects of: (i) image collection locations, (ii) target backgrounds, and (iii) camera devices on detection accuracy, assessing applicability through field verification at 68 sites across Japan and controlled garden experiments.<br><br>RESULTS: Detection success was influenced by the background of the target species in images, with significant interaction effects observed between background and target species on detection outcomes. In the most affected combination (background: tray; species: Ipomoea lacunosa), the average precision (AP) value decreased by ~0.2 compared with the other conditions. AP values in field tests were lower than those from test data resembling training data, with no correlation between AP values from test data sets and field verification. No clear effects of land use or camera devices on detection success were detected.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of background in image-based weed detection and identifies limitations in detector applicability. Our findings are expected to support more-efficient development and underscore the importance of sharing applicability data for improved weed detection tools. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40527260,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodríguez-Caballero, G and Campoy, M and Torres, P and Díaz, G and Roldán, A and Caravaca, F},
title = {Elevated CO2 enhances mycorrhizal inoculation efficiency in phytostabilization of a heavy metal-contaminated soil using Nicotiana glauca.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {990},
number = {},
pages = {179847},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179847},
pmid = {40527260},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Soil Pollutants/metabolism/analysis ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Metals, Heavy/metabolism/analysis ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Nicotiana/metabolism/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil/chemistry ; Rhizosphere ; },
abstract = {Elevated atmospheric CO2 levels can influence the effectiveness of phytostabilization assisted by soil microorganisms in metal-contaminated soils. This study evaluated the efficacy of the native AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae in the establishment (3 months) of seedlings of the invasive species Nicotiana glauca R. C. Graham in a semiarid soil contaminated by several heavy metals (HMs), under ambient and elevated levels of CO2 (420 vs. 760 ppm, respectively) and without fertilizer treatment. Thus, we tested the effect of this native AM fungus on the plant growth parameters, the percentage mycorrhizal colonization of roots, bioavailability of HMs in soil, accumulation of HMs in plant, soil structural stability, and the functions of microbial communities (soil enzyme activities) in the rhizosphere of N. glauca in response to elevated CO2. The mycorrhizal inoculation with F. mosseae and elevated CO2 increased synergistically the shoot (about 150 %) and root (about 53 %) dry biomass and shoot P content of N. glauca. Mycorrhizal inoculation was effective in reducing the bioavailability of toxic HMs in the soil, particularly Cd, Cu, and Zn, as well as shoot Cu uptake, and resulted in shoot bioconcentration factors for all metals lower than 1, regardless of the atmospheric CO2 level. Meanwhile, the native AM fungus increased soil biomass C content, dehydrogenase, protease, and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities, soil aggregate stability, and extractable K. In conclusion, this approach reduces metal mobility and improves soil microbial functioning and structural stability, enhancing long-term soil recovery in climate-stressed mining areas.},
}
@article {pmid40526597,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, JA and Rahman, MM and Cheon, SJ and Borzée, A and Sung, HC},
title = {The influences of urbanization on breeding behavior of American bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeiana) in South Korea.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0326201},
pmid = {40526597},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Urbanization ; Republic of Korea ; *Rana catesbeiana/physiology ; Breeding ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Vocalization, Animal/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Male ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Urbanized areas often exhibit high levels of anthropogenic noise, which can mask or interfere with animal communication signals, especially those that use sound to communicate, making it challenging for individuals to detect and interpret acoustic cues. While calling is crucial for anuran breeding and communication, the coping mechanisms of city dwelling and cosmopolitan species in urbanized environments remain understudied. Given that invasive species have higher environmental adaptability than native species (because of habitat specificity and environmental sensitivity), we studied the calling patterns of the invasive American bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeiana) in different levels of urbanized areas in South Korea. In our study, we found an early onset of calling activities in urbanized A. catesbeiana populations, which suggests a change induced by factors related to urbanization on breeding phenology. Additionally, urban populations show more intense diurnal calling activities but shorter breeding periods than non-urban populations. The results indicate water temperature and urban noise as the leading factors influencing calling activities in A. catesbeiana. Urbanization induced changes in breeding and calling activities might have facilitated A. catesbeiana to invade and establish populations outside their natural ecological niches. Thus, this study sheds light on the effect of urbanization on frog breeding activities and how an invasive species copes with modified environments in new areas.},
}
@article {pmid40525107,
year = {2025},
author = {Basooma, A and Nakiyende, H and Natugonza, V and Basooma, R},
title = {Harnessing YouTube in advancing biodiversity conservation efforts and awareness across Africa.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19545},
pmid = {40525107},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Social Media/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Africa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination/methods ; *Video Recording ; *Awareness ; },
abstract = {YouTube (YT), an online video content application, has revolutionized the dissemination of information in various fields, including medicine, entertainment, and conservation science. Its potential in disseminating biodiversity conservation information has not been well assessed, especially in Africa, a biodiversity hotspot. When such assessments are conducted, they are usually species-specific, activity-based, or localized, making broader generalizations difficult. We evaluated the viewership and interaction of the videos posted about Africa across different organism groups, countries (geopolitical units), geographical regions, ecoregions, and channels (content creators). We assessed 431 videos, which collectively garnered 32,630,126 views, 364,700 likes, and 48,839 comments across 274 channels, five regions, and 31 African countries. The mean daily views varied significantly across countries, regions organism groups, and channels. Notably, more views per day were from biodiversity-rich countries, such as Madagascar, and most videos were posted from South Africa. Government and academic institutions posted fewer videos than individually owned and international biodiversity-related non-governmental organization (NGO) channels. Also, most channels posting about African biodiversity are based in the United States of America. Increased attention to biodiversity through social media engagement will likely stimulate external funding, international collaborations, policymaking, and participatory programs, benefiting both the public and organizations such as NGOs and governments. We observed a great need for increased participation by African-based content creators, primarily by government institutions, to effectively adopt a strong social media strategy to communicate information about biodiversity conservation, especially to the growing online population.},
}
@article {pmid40524429,
year = {2025},
author = {Ocampo-Zuleta, K and Paula, S and Pausas, JG and Cavieres, LA and Sierra-Almeida, &#xc1; and Gómez-González, S},
title = {Post-fire germination and plant invasion in Mediterranean Chile.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {112},
number = {10},
pages = {e70057},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70057},
pmid = {40524429},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {Chile ; *Introduced Species ; *Germination ; *Fires ; Mediterranean Region ; Ecosystem ; *Plants ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Plants from regions where fire is a novel disturbance typically lack fire-adaptive traits, which may explain the post-fire invasion by alien plants from fire-prone ecosystems. Unlike many Mediterranean-type ecosystems, the Chilean matorral has a limited evolutionary history with fire. We predict that a negative germination response to fire will be more frequent in its native flora than in alien plants, most of which originate from the fire-prone Mediterranean Basin.<br><br>METHODS: We compiled a database on the germination responses to fire cues of 70 native and alien plant species from the Chilean matorral using published studies and unpublished data from our own experiments. We then compared the frequency of these responses between native and alien species using generalized linear mixed models.<br><br>RESULTS: Negative responses to heat shock were more probable in native than in alien species, while there were no differences in the probability of negative responses to smoke. Species origin did not affect the probability of positive responses to fire cues. When only annual plants were considered, natives and aliens did not differ in their germination responses to fire cues.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the influence of post-fire germination on invasion processes in the Chilean matorral is better explained by the negative effects of heat on the germination of native species (which lack fire-adaptive traits) than by the positive response of alien species to fire cues. The reduced germination of natives creates opportunities for alien species establishment, rather than pre-existing fire adaptive traits driving invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid40522958,
year = {2025},
author = {Lhoumeau, S and Elias, RB and Seidel, D and Gabriel, R and Borges, PAV},
title = {Landscape to microhabitat: Uncovering the multiscale complexity of native and exotic forests on Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal).},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0326304},
pmid = {40522958},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Forests ; *Introduced Species ; Azores ; *Ecosystem ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Trees ; Islands ; Biodiversity ; Portugal ; },
abstract = {This study aims to identify the structural and compositional differences between native and exotic woodlands on Terceira Island, Azores. Based on landscape, habitat, and microhabitat analyses, remnants of native forests appeared to be associated with less accessible terrains. A more homogeneous structural complexity is exhibited, derived from the numerous branching patterns of the endemic vascular plant species. In contrast, exotic forests exhibit structural heterogeneity driven by mixed non-indigenous vascular plant species as a result of human actions such as afforestation and latter invasion of exotic tree species, after abandonment of the agricultural use. The ground and canopy layers in exotic forests were more invaded by non-indigenous species, while the understory demonstrated greater resilience by being mostly composed of indigenous species. Our findings highlight the structural and ecological differences between native and exotic woodlands, reflecting the historical transformation of forest cover in the Azores. These insights emphasize the importance of long-term monitoring and structural assessments in informing conservation efforts aimed at preserving native forests and managing invasive species in exotic woodlands.},
}
@article {pmid40519889,
year = {2025},
author = {Clements, SL and Ackerman, FM and Olensky, IM and White, EC and Rogers, ME and Searcy, CA},
title = {Non-Native Herpetofauna Continue to Proliferate in the World's Most Invaded Herpetofauna Community.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {e71556},
pmid = {40519889},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The spread of non-native species continues to increase around the globe, highlighting the importance of understanding both the dynamics of the invaded communities in which non-natives comprise a high percentage of the total fauna and the factors that may influence non-native establishment and spread. As the global hotspot for non-native reptiles and amphibians, South Florida's herpetofaunal community provides a unique opportunity to study native/non-native community dynamics. In addition, despite high levels of development and habitat loss, South Florida has a network of protected natural areas, allowing insight into the impacts of natural vs. anthropogenic areas on native and non-native richness and abundance. Surveys conducted in Miami-Dade County in 2017 demonstrated that non-native species already dominated both natural and anthropogenic parks and provided a baseline to examine dynamic changes in the community. In 2022, we replicated the surveys from 2017 at the same 30 sites. We found that non-native richness and abundance have increased significantly (19% and 33% increase in overall alpha diversity and abundance, respectively) in just 5 years' time. We found no correlation between these non-native increases and decreases in either native species richness or abundance. Notably, non-native species richness increased more rapidly at anthropogenic sites, with two rock-loving species, Agama picticauda and Leiocephalus carinatus, standing out as the most rapidly spreading non-native herpetofauna. Our findings demonstrate that there is continued expansion of non-native herpetofaunal populations even in the highly invaded community of Miami-Dade County and that protection of natural habitat may help slow the spread of non-native species.},
}
@article {pmid40518959,
year = {2025},
author = {Caton, BP and Fang, H and Hain, E and Kandel, N and Nelson, R and Pallipparambil, GR and Manoukis, NC},
title = {Evaluating a novel core-and-perimeter delimiting trapping survey design for insects. I. Field experiment.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {4},
pages = {1621-1633},
pmid = {40518959},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {AP21PPQS&amp;T00C054//USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Farm Bill 7721 project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Insect Control/methods/instrumentation ; Hawaii ; *Ceratitis capitata ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {We propose a novel "core-and-perimeter" delimiting trapping design for invasive insects, improving upon the ubiquitous fully trapped square grids using regular spacing. The core-and-perimeter design has traps near the epicenter and in a perimeter set at a distance to result in zero captures, to directly set the population boundary. We compared the core-and-perimeter and fully trapped designs in a mark-release-recapture experiment with Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii in 2022. Each design had 4 repetitions with 4 separate releases of flies and 6 collection days from 1 to 14 d after release. The square fully trapped grid had 20 core area traps plus 79 other traps in 0.92 km2, plus 24 "sentinel" traps beyond. The circular core-and-perimeter grid had 20 core traps, and 108 traps in a 220 m-wide perimeter, set 500 m from the release point (smaller than the recommended radius). Slightly more flies on average were captured in the fully trapped treatment but proportional captures in common locations were similar. Flies were caught in the sentinel traps in every replicate of the fully trapped treatment. Four percent of captures occurred in the perimeter of the core-and-perimeter treatment on average. Trap usage rate for the fully trapped design was 67%, while for the core area of the core-and-perimeter design was nearly 94%. Overall mean daily dispersal distance was 96.3 m, and the regression-based 99th percentile of total distance was 700 m. Results supported the potential of the core-and-perimeter design and demonstrated 2 fully trapped design disadvantages-trap inefficiency and egress potential.},
}
@article {pmid40513277,
year = {2025},
author = {Hawkins, SJ and O'Shaughnessy, KA and Branch, GM and Airoldi, L and Bray, S and Brooks, P and Burrows, MT and Castilla, JC and Crowe, TP and Davies, TW and Firth, LB and Hiscock, K and Jenkins, SR and Knights, AM and Langmead, O and Leung, KMY and Mieszkowska, N and Moschella, P and Steyl, I and Tidau, S and Whittington, M and Thompson, RC},
title = {Hindsight informs foresight: revisiting millennial forecasts of impacts and status of rocky shores in 2025.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {118214},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118214},
pmid = {40513277},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Environmental Monitoring ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Introduced Species ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Anthropogenic Effects ; },
abstract = {Rocky shorelines are characterised by vulnerability to both land- and sea-derived impacts. They face acute impacts such as pollution from shipping accidents, chronic pollution from point sources, run-off and catchments plus disturbances by food gathering, recreation and sediment deposition in sheltered areas. Coastal urbanisation can both impact natural shores and create impoverished artificial rocky shores. Superimposed upon local and regional scale impacts are global environmental changes including warming, sea-level rise, increasing storm frequency, ocean acidification and non-native invasive species. Rocky shores are, however, amenable to long-term ecological monitoring and ecological experimentation. Thompson, Crowe and Hawkins (2002) reviewed anthropogenic impacts on rocky intertidal habitats and forecasted their status for the next 25 years. The paper was critiqued by invited experts (Branch, Castilla) at a subsequent conference in 2003 (Environmental Future of Aquatic Ecosystems, Zurich, 23-27 March 2003), culminating in a consensus chapter in Aquatic Ecosystems: Trends and Global Prospects (Branch et al., 2008). Nearly 25 years later, we revisit and evaluate their predictions to explore implications for the next 25 years as new potential impacts emerge in parallel with societal attempts to transition to net zero carbon outputs. An update is provided on what was largely correct (oil-spills, food harvest, invasive species, sedimentation/run-off, organotins, global-change, artificial habitats, recreation/research/education) and what was partially/completely wrong (eutrophication, aquaculture/GMOs, renewable energy, UV radiation) or omitted (coastal mining, ocean acidification, plastic, light, noise pollution). We also consider the challenges and uncertainties inherent in predicting impacts of environmental changes by using hindsight to inform foresight.},
}
@article {pmid40512852,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiang, F and Pu, X and Schmid, B and Reich, PB and Liang, J and Abbasi, AO and Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J and Zambrano, AMA and Altman, J and Álvarez-González, JG and Alves, LF and Amani, BHK and Ammer, C and Aymard, GA and Babu Kanda, N and Bastian, ML and Bastin, JF and Bauters, M and Boeckx, P and Bondarchuk, SN and Bondarev, A and Brearley, FQ and Brennan, S and Briseño-Reyes, J and Broadbent, EN and Češljar, G and Chen, HYH and Chisholm, C and Choi, W and Cienciala, E and Clark, CJ and Collalti, A and Corral-Rivas, JJ and Dar, JA and Dayanandan, S and de-Miguel, S and Dar, AA and Derroire, G and Djordjevic, I and Van Do, T and Doležal, J and Dourdain, A and Eyre, T and Fandohan, AB and Frizzera, L and Gatti, RC and Gianelle, D and González Elizondo, MS and Grieco, E and Harris, DJ and Hector, A and Hérault, B and Hui, C and Imai, N and Jagodziński, AM and Ji, C and Jiang, L and Joly, CA and Karminov, VN and Kartawinata, K and Kassi, JN and Kearsley, E and Keppel, G and Khan, ML and Klauberg, C and Korznikov, KA and Kothandaraman, S and Kraxner, F and Krivobokov, L and Kucher, D and Kumar, A and Kvashnina, A and Laurin, GV and Leite, RV and Libalah, MB and Lonkina, ES and Lu, H and Luo, S and Luo, Y and Mackintosh, E and Marshall, AR and Martínez, RV and Matula, R and McDonald, W and Narayanan, A and Nava-Miranda, MG and Naveenkumar, J and Mendoza, AM and Miścicki, S and Moskalyuk, T and Mukhortova, L and Mukul, SA and Nabuurs, GJ and Neldner, VJ and Nevenic, R and N'Guessan, AE and Ngugi, M and Paquette, A and Parfenova, EI and Parren, M and Parthasarathy, N and Peri, PL and Pfautsch, S and Piedade, MTF and Polyakova, G and Poulsen, AD and Poulsen, JR and Pretzsch, H and Rodeghiero, M and Rutishauser, E and Saikia, P and Saner, P and Schepaschenko, D and Schöngart, J and Searle, EB and Sheil, D and Shen, Z and Shooner, S and Shvidenko, A and Silva, CA and Sist, P and Slik, F and Song, W and Souza, AF and Stereńczak, K and Sundarapandian, S and Svátek, M and Svoboda, M and Tang, Z and Targhetta, N and Tchebakova, N and Tikhonova, E and Trethowan, L and Vega-Nieva, DJ and Verbeeck, H and Vieira, SA and Volle, C and Vozmishcheva, AS and Vozmitel, FK and Wang, HF and Wang, S and Wang, X and Wittmann, F and Zheng, C and Zhu, B and Zo-Bi, IC and Fang, J and Wang, Z},
title = {Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {24},
pages = {eadt5743},
pmid = {40512852},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Forests ; *Biodiversity ; *Trees/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of species diversity is a central pursuit in ecology. It has been hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce tree species diversity in local communities, which remains to be tested at the global scale. To address this gap, we analyzed global forest inventory data and revealed that the relationship between tree species richness and EcM tree proportion varied along environmental gradients. Specifically, the relationship is more negative at low latitudes and in moist conditions but is unimodal at high latitudes and in arid conditions. The negative association of EcM tree proportion on species diversity at low latitudes and in humid conditions is likely due to more negative plant-soil microbial interactions in these regions. These findings extend our knowledge on the mechanisms shaping global patterns in plant species diversity from a belowground view.},
}
@article {pmid40512733,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, T and Duan, Q and Zhang, H and Xiu, W and Jiang, Z},
title = {Differences in soil nutrient and microbial characteristics between invasive Ageratina adenophora and native plant communities.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0325193},
pmid = {40512733},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Ageratina/microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Nitrogen/analysis ; *Nutrients/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Potassium/analysis ; },
abstract = {Much emphasis has been placed on the negative consequences of alien species on resident ecosystems. Nevertheless, quantitative studies on the effects of invasive and native plant communities on soil nutrients and microbial features were rarely conducted. This study investigated soil microbes and soil nutrients associated with different degrees of Ageratina adenophora invasion and plant communities (Gramineae and Dicotyledons). The correlations between soil microbes and soil nutrients were analyzed. The findings indicated that the invasion of A. adenophora markedly elevated the levels of soil total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), available potassium (AK) and available phosphorus (AP), while decreasing the concentrations of soil total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) in comparison with those in non-invaded areas. The concentrations of NO3--N, NH4+-N, and AK in strongly invasive plant communities were significantly greater than those in the Gramineae and Dicotyledon groups. The soil microbial richness of the A. adenophora invasive plant community was higher than that of the native plant community. In contrast, the soil microbial evenness was lower than that of the native plant community, but the soil microbial dominance increased with the increasing degree of A. adenophora invasion. Meanwhile, the number of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the invasive plant community increased significantly with increasing degree of A. adenophora invasion. The soil microbial richness of the invasive plant community dominated by A. adenophora was higher than that of the native plant community. In contrast, soil microbial evenness was reduced in the invasive community compared to the native plant community, while microbial dominance increased with the extent of A. adenophora invasion. The number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the soil of the invasive plant community increased significantly. Furthermore, the variation trend of the Simpson diversity index (D) was that of the Shannon diversity index (H) of the soil microbes in this study. The McIntosh diversity index (U) showed a consistent decrease with the increasing degree of A. adenophora invasion. Moreover, after the correlation coefficients between soil microbes and nutrients were analyzed, we found that there was a significant positive correlation between soil nutrients and microbial richness in both the A. adenophora invasive community and the native plant community. Compared with plant communities, A. adenophora invasion can greatly alter the soil nutrient and microbial characteristics and the trade-offs of soil nutrients supply and demand, which may facilitate growth. The soil microbial diversity in different communities may be important factors that led to changes of soil nutrients. A. adenophora altered the trade-offs of soil nutrients supply and demand by changing the composition and diversity of soil microbes, which may be a critical ecological mechanism of the successful invasion of the exotic weed A. adenophora successful invasion.},
}
@article {pmid40510631,
year = {2025},
author = {Ernst, AR and Larkin, DJ and Kramer, AT and Glasenhardt, MC and Hipp, AL},
title = {Diverse Ecological Strategies Increase Invasion Resistance in an Experimental Grassland Restoration.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {e71575},
pmid = {40510631},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Understanding how the characteristics of native plant communities influence invasion is a pressing question, with implications for theory and management. For decades, the primary native community characteristic used in tests of biotic resistance was species richness. However, previous studies have demonstrated that evolutionary history and functional traits shape the invasion process, as ecological theory predicts. Theoretically, restoration projects would benefit from designing seed mixtures around maximizing resistance to invasion. However, there is little empirical evidence on the importance of evolutionary diversity for management and still less guidance for practitioners on effective application of ecological theories. We empirically tested how several native community characteristics (phylogenetic diversity, functional diversity, phylogenetic relatedness, and mean trait values) affected the survival of three introduced invasive species. We explored this question in experimentally restored 15-species prairie plots with three levels of phylogenetic diversity and two levels of functional diversity. Our experiment also included monocultures of all native species, which were also experimentally invaded. We found evidence that phylogenetic diversity conferred biotic resistance against one invasive species, contributing to reduced biomass in models explaining up to 10% of variance. Tall species better suppressed invaders, with height explaining up to 27% of variation in invader biomass. Surprisingly, we found patterns in leaf and seed traits linked to invasion resistance which were associated with both conservative and resource-acquisitive strategies. We also found evidence in both the diversity and monoculture plots that invaders were more successful with more closely related native species. Taken together, our results indicate that invasion resistance emerges from nuanced interactions between phylogenetic diversity, functional traits, and community composition, rather than from any single community characteristic. Our results underscore the complexity of biotic resistance and suggest that practitioners should prioritize phylogenetic diversity and strategic species selection when designing restoration plantings to enhance invasion resistance.},
}
@article {pmid40509621,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodríguez-Caro, RC and Gumbs, R and Graciá, E and Blomberg, SP and Cayuela, H and Grace, MK and Carmona, CP and Pérez-Mendoza, HA and Giménez, A and Davis, KJ and Salguero-Gómez, R},
title = {Synergistic and Additive Effects of Multiple Threats Erode Phylogenetic and Life History Strategy Diversity in Testudines and Crocodilia.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {e70147},
pmid = {40509621},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033//Spanish Ministry of Innovation, Science and Universities/ ; ZAMBRANO 21-26//European Union-Next Generation EU in Maria Zambrano Program/ ; NE/X013766/1//NERC Pushing the Frontiers grant/ ; MOBERC100//Eesti Teadusagentuur/ ; PRG2142//Eesti Teadusagentuur/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Alligators and Crocodiles/physiology/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; *Turtles/physiology ; *Life History Traits ; },
abstract = {Understanding how multiple threats interact is crucial for the prioritisation of conservation measures. Here, we investigate how interactions between six common threats (climate change, habitat disturbance, global trade, overconsumption, pollution and emerging diseases/invasive species) reduce the life history strategy diversity and phylogenetic diversity of 230 species of Testudines and 21 of Crocodilia. We classify threat interactions into additive, synergistic and antagonistic according to the reduction of life history strategy and phylogenetic diversity. Most threat interactions are antagonistic; the effect of threats jointly is lower than the sum of the effects of threats separately. However, we find that the interaction between emerging diseases or invasive species with other threats has synergistic and additive effects, meaning that the combined effects are greater than or equal to the effects of threats separately. Our work can help target conservation strategies and detect key places to address multiple threats when they appear together.},
}
@article {pmid40509426,
year = {2025},
author = {Paunić, M and Lazarević, J and Škrobot, D and Čabarkapa, I and Šmugović, S and Vidosavljević, M and Županjac, M},
title = {Chefs' Attitudes and Sensory Analysis of Invasive Crayfish (Faxonius limosus) Meat: Psychological and Culinary Aspects.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40509426},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {7417//Science Fund of Republic Serbia. Reducing the negative impact of invasive crayfish Faxonius limosus in the Danube by smart ex-ploitation of their meat and shells" DANUBEcare/ ; },
abstract = {Considering the growing significance of sustainable gastronomy and the need for controlling the populations of invasive species, the aim of this study is to explore chefs' attitudes toward the sensory and psychological aspects of using invasive crayfish meat (Faxonius limosus) from the Danube. The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire with a sample of 210 respondents, employing a consumption restriction scale based on various psychological aversions to non-traditional food sources. Binary logistic regression indicated a significant impact of psychological aversion on the likelihood of accepting this raw material. Thirty chefs participated in the sensory evaluation of the crayfish meat. The results revealed that the meat has potential for broad application in the preparation of gastronomic products.},
}
@article {pmid40509340,
year = {2025},
author = {Kato-Noguchi, H and Kato, M},
title = {Evolution of the Defense Compounds Against Biotic Stressors in the Invasive Plant Species Leucaena leucocephala.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40509340},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Fabaceae/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; Biological Evolution ; Flavonoids/chemistry ; Animals ; Phytochemicals ; },
abstract = {Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit is listed in the world's 100 worst alien invasive species because of the risks it poses to native plant communities. Life history traits, such as high growth and reproductive rates, and a high capacity to adapt to different environmental conditions may contribute to its invasive properties. Biotic stressors, such as herbivores, pathogens, and competing plant species are known to exert significant selective pressure on the plant's survival, distribution, and abundance. L. leucocephala has been reported to contain several compounds involved in the defense functions against these biotic stressors. A large amount of L-mimosine, a non-protein amino acid, was found in all plant parts of L. leucocephala, including its flowers. L-Mimosine is toxic to herbivorous mammals and insects, parasitic nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and neighboring competing plant species by inactivating various essential enzymes and blocking DNA replication, and/or inducing oxidative stress conditions. Several flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds, and/or derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids are toxic to parasitic nematodes, pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and competing plant species by disrupting plasma membrane structures and functions, and various metabolic processes. These compounds may represent the invasive traits of L. leucocephala that have undergone natural selection during the evolution of the species. They may contribute to the defense functions against the biotic stressors, and increase its survival, distribution, and abundance in the introduced ranges. This is the first review to focus on the compounds involved in the defense functions against biotic stressors.},
}
@article {pmid40509270,
year = {2025},
author = {Shi, W and An, T and Yang, X and Li, Y and Yimingniyazi, A and Liu, Z and Feng, Y},
title = {Norsesquiterpenes from Lolium perenne and Their Replacement Control of an Invasive Plant, Ageratina adenophora, Through Allelopathy.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40509270},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {2023YFC2604500//National Key R&amp;D Program/ ; 32271741//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024010101-JH3/101//Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Lolium/chemistry ; *Allelopathy ; *Ageratina/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species ; *Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Pheromones/pharmacology/chemistry ; Lactuca/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Lolium perenne (Poaceae), a perennial forage, has high economic and nutritional value. It is often used as a replacement control for some invasive plants, as it has achieved good ecological and economic effects. However, its control effects, allelochemicals, allelopathic effects, release pathways, and contents are still unclear in the process of L. perenne replacement control of an invasive plant, Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae). Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the mechanism of L. perenne replacement control of A. adenophora from the perspective of allelopathy. In this study, L. perenne could effectively inhibit the growth of A. adenophora in the competition assay. In addition, seven norsesquiterpenes (1-7) were isolated and identified from the whole plant of L. perenne, and most of the compounds exhibited potent allelopathic effects on the growth of A. adenophora and one model plant (Lactuca sativa, Asteraceae). Moreover, some active compounds were released into the environment through root secretion and rainwater leaching, and their contents were determined by UPLC-MS/MS (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry). Our results elucidated the allelopathic mechanism of L. perenne's replacement control, A. adenophora, and provided a theoretical basis for the development of norsesquiterpenes from L. perenne.},
}
@article {pmid40508320,
year = {2025},
author = {Nogales, L and Alías, JC and Blanco-Salas, J and Montero-Fernández, I and Chaves, N},
title = {Allelopathy and Identification of Allelochemicals in the Leaves of Hakea decurrens subsp. physocarpa W.R. Barker.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40508320},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {"Direct subsidy to the University of Extremadura for the implementation of the LA4 lines of action of the I+D+i program in the area of Biodiversity.//LIA4: Evaluation and mitigation of the impact of global change on biodiversity-FEDER Funds"/LIA4 Complementary Plan, co-financed by the Ministry of Economy, Science and Digital Agenda of the Government of Extremadura and by the European Regional Developme/ ; },
abstract = {Hakea decurrens subsp. physocarpa is an invasive species from Australia, with morphological, physiological and ecological features that help it colonize and settle outside of its natural habitats. One of these characteristics is allelopathy, which is an interaction that grants a clear competitive advantage to invasive species that has not been studied in H. decurrens subsp. physocarpa. With the aim of understanding the ecological relationships that take place in habitats invaded by this species, it is especially important to know the allelopathic potential of H. decurrens subsp. physocarpa and the compounds that would be involved in this interaction. To this end, the present study quantified the allelopathic activity of the aqueous extract of leaves gathered on four different occasions in the year, as well as of the compounds present in these extracts. The obtained results show a negative effect of H. decurrens subsp. physocarpa samples collected in March, June, September, and December on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa. Although the negative effect was observed with all extracts, the extract of leaves gathered in September showing the greatest effect on germination (I50 = 0.08 g/mL), and that of leaves collected in June presented the greatest effect on root size (I50 = 0.05 g/mL). As for the composition of these extracts, nine compounds were identified and quantified through HPLC: arbutin, mesaconic acid, isotachioside, 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose, syringic acid-4-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-robinobioside-7-glucoside, quercetin 3-rhamninoside, rutin, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside. There is a correlation between the quantified parameters and the quantity of these compounds in the extracts, but it is difficult to attribute the allelopathic activity of H. decurrens subsp. physocarpa to a particular compound, since this activity may depend on the combination of these compounds. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the leaves of the invasive species H. decurrens subsp. physocarpa have allelopathic potential, and their toxicity could be due to the combined action of these compounds, which should be analyzed in future studies.},
}
@article {pmid40508241,
year = {2025},
author = {Lv, W and Wang, R and Ji, W and Fu, B and Luo, M and Han, J},
title = {A Herpetosiphon llansteffanensis Strain from Forest Soil Exhibits Biocontrol Activity Against Pear Fire Blight.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40508241},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {202310758001//National Undergraduate Student Innovation Project/ ; 2021YFD1400200//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2024A02006-2//Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {Fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, has posed significant challenges to apple and pear production for over a century. This study introduces a gliding filamentous bacterium, the strain NSD29, isolated from natural forest soil in Xinjiang, China, as a biological control agent for managing this disease. Comprehensive characterization based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene, and whole-genome analyses identified the strain NSD29 as Herpetosiphon llansteffanensis. The train NSD29 demonstrated potent predatory activity against E. amylovora in vitro. Its biocontrol efficacy was subsequently evaluated on detached leaves, inflorescences, young fruit, and shoots of fragrant pear under controlled greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that applying H. llansteffanensis NSD29 significantly inhibited lesion expansion on pear leaves and young fruit, achieving protective efficacies of 75.2% and 72.0%, respectively. Furthermore, pre-treatment spraying with NSD29 effectively reduced the incidence of blossom blight, with a control efficacy of 61.2%. On detached pear shoots, the application of NSD29 fermentation broth suppressed lesion expansion, demonstrating substantial protective (86.8%) and curative (75.6%) efficacies. This research provides the first evidence for the potential of Herpetosiphon species in the biological control of plant diseases, highlighting H. llansteffanensis NSD29 as a promising candidate for developing strategies to combat fire blight.},
}
@article {pmid40508238,
year = {2025},
author = {Kreća, M and Šajna, N and Šipek, M},
title = {Response of the Invasive Alien Plant Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Teschem. to Different Environmental and Competitive Settings.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40508238},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Indian mock strawberry (Duchesnea indica, syn. Potentilla indica), a clonal invasive plant native to Asia, has rapidly spread in Europe, where its ecological adaptation allows it to thrive under varying environmental conditions. It is mostly found in urban habitats such as lawns, parks, and urban and peri-urban forests, where it thrives in various plant communities. It can become dominant in certain communities, indicating its competitive advantage over native plants. Due to similar habitat preferences, it often coexists with the native species Glechoma hederacea, with which it shares other characteristics such as clonal growth. This study investigates the effects of light, nutrients, and competition on the growth, morphology, and physiology of D. indica. A controlled pot experiment exposed plants to combinations of sunlight and shade, optimal and increased nutrient levels, and competitive scenarios with the native plant G. hederacea. The plant traits of biomass, leaf and ramet number, stolon and flower production, leaf greenness, the photosynthetic efficiency of Photosystem II, and stomatal conductance were assessed. Results revealed that light and nutrient availability significantly enhanced growth metrics. In shaded conditions, D. indica adapted with elongated petioles and increased specific leaf area. Competition significantly reduced growth, with G. hederacea outperforming D. indica. These findings highlight the complex interplay between abiotic and biotic factors in influencing invasive species impact, providing essential insights for ecosystem management.},
}
@article {pmid40506296,
year = {2025},
author = {Ladau, J and Fahimipour, AK and Newcomer, ME and Brown, JB and Vora, GJ and Melby, MK and Maresca, JA},
title = {Microbial inoculants and invasions: a call to action.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {33},
number = {10},
pages = {1064-1075},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.018},
pmid = {40506296},
issn = {1878-4380},
mesh = {*Bacteria ; Humans ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Geography/methods ; Infection Control/methods ; },
abstract = {Microbial inoculants are increasingly used for beneficial purposes in agriculture, bioremediation, and medicine, but they can carry risks of generating invasive microbes. Here, we present a roadmap for guarding against these invasions, proposing developing (i) coherent mechanistic understandings of how microbial inoculants can effect invasions, (ii) predictive models forecasting microbial invasion risks, and (iii) effective management strategies. To guide mechanistic understandings, we distill 17 guiding hypotheses. For predictive modeling, we highlight data collection needs and qualitative approaches. For management strategies, we stress the importance of accurately weighing the risks against benefits. The unified approach presented here provides a route toward an effective research and management infrastructure for microbial inoculants in order to avoid potentially catastrophic microbial invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40501344,
year = {2025},
author = {Baer, J and Hüsgen, S and Fromherz, M and Geist, J and Brinker, A},
title = {Drivers of the range expansion of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) within its native distribution.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {3},
pages = {1030-1044},
pmid = {40501344},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//Fischereiabgabe Baden-W&#xfc;rttemberg/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Catfishes/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Europe ; Rivers ; Ecosystem ; Population Density ; *Animal Distribution ; Lakes ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {The European catfish Silurus glanis L. continues to spread as an invasive species in Europe. Meanwhile, increasing abundance and range expansions are also suspected within its native distribution. The objective of this study was to characterize the feeding, growth and abundance of S. glanis in 12 lakes and 12 rivers within its European native range in relation to environmental changes that may explain population trends over time. The results suggest a shift in factors limiting the carrying capacity of catfish habitats within this range, leading to increases in growth and abundance. Statistical modelling identified warming and increasing population density of invasive gobies as likely contributors to this shift. Given that catfish predation on native species can be expected to increase dramatically, there is an urgent need for new management strategies. It is recommended that catfish removal rates should be increased, especially in areas of high importance for native fish and crayfish species, such as spawning grounds and at bottlenecks for migration.},
}
@article {pmid40501191,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, M and Li, S and Wang, F and Zhu, J and Zhang, Y and Zhan, A},
title = {Multi-dimensional tolerance to low temperature for high-latitude invasion success by the rapidly expanding golden mussel.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {9},
pages = {1720-1738},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70078},
pmid = {40501191},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {5222026//Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Cold Temperature ; Gills/physiology ; Transcriptome ; Acclimatization ; Metabolome ; },
abstract = {Many invasive species are capable of rapidly advancing invasion forefronts, often into areas with challenging or extreme environmental conditions. Understanding the mechanisms driving these invasions is essential for predicting their future spread and developing effective conservation strategies. A notable example is the recent range expansion of the golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) from low- to high-latitude regions, which poses significant threats to the integrity of global freshwater ecosystems and socio-economic sustainability. Successful invaders often utilize a variety of physiological, behavioural and ecological strategies to survive and thrive in harsh environments. To investigate the multi-dimensional mechanisms underlying low-temperature tolerance for high-latitude invasion success, we collected golden mussels from their northernmost invasive range. The mussels were exposed to a control temperature of 25°C and low temperatures of 15°C and 5°C. We conducted multi-level analyses, including behavioural (survival and valve activity), morphological (filament ultrastructure), biochemical (enzyme content) and molecular (transcriptome and metabolome) changes in the gill, a key organ involved in low-temperature response. We observed low mortality rates (<30%) across all stressed groups, indicating the golden mussel's tolerance to low temperatures. Upon initial exposure, the golden mussels significantly reduced their valve-opening rate, effectively blocking cold water outside their bodies. Microscopic observations and staining analyses revealed significant changes in the gill filaments, including alterations in cilia, filament cells and junction distances, suggesting functional morphological adjustments following the behavioural response of valve closure. The energy conserved through these morphological changes, along with actively generated energy, was utilized to enhance tolerance at the biochemical and molecular levels. This energy-intensive tolerance mechanism involved apoptosis inhibition, membrane fluidity enhancement, improved antioxidant capacity and elevated immune regulation, as evidenced by enzyme assays and integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. These adjustments interacted and coordinated, demonstrating highly systematic and complementary responses to the low temperature stress. Our study elucidates the multi-dimensional mechanisms employed by golden mussels to cope with extreme temperature conditions in high-latitude regions, highlighting the integrated strategies that facilitate their survival in harsh environments. These findings offer valuable insights for developing management strategies for regions characterized by extreme environmental conditions for invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40496998,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, ZL and Ling, TC and Zhao, JL and Wang, XZ and Wang, LL and Li, L and Wang, WJ and Jia, DR and Wu, ZK and Sun, XD and Yang, YP and Duan, YW},
title = {Parallel loss of anthocyanins triggers the incipient sympatric speciation in an alpine ginger.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {47},
number = {3},
pages = {429-439},
pmid = {40496998},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Change of flower color can readily lead to a shift in pollinators, potentially causing pollinator mediated reproductive isolation or even speciation. Here, we examined the ecological and evolutionary consequences of flower color polymorphism in Roscoea cautleoides, an alpine ginger with sympatric distribution of purple- and yellow-flowered plants. Variations in pollinator visitation and specialization to the flower color contributed greatly to pre-zygotic reproductive isolation, with post-zygotic isolation also observed in reciprocal pollination. Yellow-flowered plants evolved independently from purple-flowered plants in two populations due to the absence of anthocyanins, as supported by metabolic, expression, and genetic analysis. Despite early genetic divergence between the two-flower-colored plants, highly differentiated genes were associated with reproduction and stress, while highly selective genes were enriched in stress. Our results suggest that parallel loss of anthocyanins leads to flower color polymorphism in different populations of R. cautleoides, with pollinator preference contributing to reproductive isolation and subsequent genetic differentiation, indicating the process of incipient speciation triggered by flower color changes with sympatric distribution.},
}
@article {pmid40496219,
year = {2025},
author = {},
title = {Correction to "Balancing Monitoring and Management in the Adaptive Management of an Invasive Species".},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {e71446},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.71446},
pmid = {40496219},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/ece3.71176.].},
}
@article {pmid40496218,
year = {2025},
author = {Phuyal, N and Kc, N and Neupane, B and Dhami, B and Miya, MS and Silwal, T and Adhikari, G and Pudasaini, S and Bhandari, B and Adhikari, H},
title = {Diurnal Encounter-Based Size Distribution, Nesting Sites and Habitat Characteristics of the Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) in Beeshazari Lake Complex, Nepal.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {e71486},
pmid = {40496218},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Mugger crocodiles are the apex predator species of the wetland ecosystem in Nepal, and their conservation could safeguard the entire ecosystem. However, studies on their population status and habitat characteristics are limited, with no scientific research conducted on their nesting ecology to date. Therefore, we selected muggers as a representative species to better understand their daytime sightings, nesting characteristics, and the fine-scale anthropogenic and environmental factors influencing their occurrence in five lakes of the Beeshazari Lake complex (BLC; Beeshazar Lake, Kumal Lake, Tikauli Lake, Kingfisher Lake, and Batuli Pokhari) of Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We conducted a preliminary survey, followed by a daytime sightings survey, a nesting site survey, and a habitat assessment survey in March 2023. A generalised linear model under binary logistic regression was used to analyse the factors influencing the habitat characteristics of muggers. During the research period, 50 detections of muggers were recorded, 66% of which were observed basking and 34% were submerged in the lakes. The Relative Abundance Index of the muggers in the BLC was 3.29 km[-1]. Nesting sites (two from Tikauli Lake and three from Beeshazar Lake) were recorded during the study period. The probability of sighting a mugger was significantly influenced by the slope (moderate slope), substrate type (clay, grass, and sand), mid-lake depth, presence of anthropogenic threats, and presence of invasive species. We recommend that future researchers employ more robust models, such as N-mixture models, to provide up-to-date information on the population abundance of muggers in the BLC. Furthermore, a comprehensive multi-seasonal study focusing on ecological and behavioural aspects of nesting sites alongside environmental aspects influencing nest success rates is critical. Such research will be crucial in guiding the development of targeted conservation strategies aimed at protecting and preserving essential nesting sites. Moreover, we recommend conducting robust studies on the carrying capacity of wetlands in Nepal to provide insights into the sustainable population size that a wetland can support.},
}
@article {pmid40495818,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiao, L and Zhang, H and Oduor, AMO and Liu, Y},
title = {Artificial night-time lighting and herbivory interactively reduce the biomass production of invasive plants while enhancing that of native plants.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2048},
pages = {20242811},
pmid = {40495818},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Excellent Youth Foundation of Jilin Province, China/ ; //Chinese Academy of Sciences-President's International Fellowship Initiative/ ; //National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; *Biomass ; Animals ; *Lighting ; *Spodoptera/physiology ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Light ; },
abstract = {Artificial light at night (ALAN) can influence plant growth, defence, interactions with herbivores and invasion by exotic plants. However, studies assessing the interactive effects of ALAN, nutrient enrichment and herbivory on invasive and native plant species remain limited. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the interactive effects of ALAN (no-ALAN versus ALAN), nutrient enrichment (low versus high) and herbivory by a generalist Spodoptera litura (without versus with) on the growth, root allocation and defence of six congeneric pairs of invasive and native plant species. Nutrient enrichment increased total biomass more in native plants than in invasive plants. ALAN enhanced total biomass in both groups of plants without herbivory, but increased native plant biomass and decreased that of invasive plants under herbivory. ALAN reduced root mass fraction, especially under low-nutrient conditions without herbivory. Native plants exhibited greater tolerance to herbivory and higher net photosynthetic rates under ALAN compared to invasive species. Moreover, S. litura larvae grew faster on invasive plants but slower on native plants under ALAN. These findings suggest that ALAN may weaken the competitive advantage of invasive species by enhancing the defence mechanisms and physiological performance of native plants, potentially shifting competitive dynamics in favour of native flora.},
}
@article {pmid40493719,
year = {2025},
author = {Campbell, AM and Kula, AC and Jabaily, RS and Oberle, B and Sidoti, B and Capaldi, A and Bodine, EN},
title = {Predicting potential recovery of the endangered bromeliad Tillandsia utriculata: An agent-based modeling approach.},
journal = {PLoS computational biology},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
pages = {e1013157},
pmid = {40493719},
issn = {1553-7358},
mesh = {Animals ; *Endangered Species ; *Weevils/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; *Bromeliaceae/physiology/parasitology ; Predatory Behavior ; Florida ; Female ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Population Dynamics ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Invasive pests and pathogens are a major driver of biodiversity loss. Some rare species may persist through rapid evolution to tolerate or escape new threats, but representing the underlying ecological and evolutionary processes at the appropriate scale is analytically and computationally challenging. Tillandsia utriculata has been classified as endangered in Florida where its population has decreased significantly due to predation by the invasive Mexican weevil Metamasius callizona. Adult female weevils deposit their eggs in leaves of epiphytic bromeliads, preferentially ovipositing in the largest rosettes. Once the eggs hatch, the larvae consume the core of the rosette, often leading to pre-reproductive death. During the past three decades of predation, the T. utriculata population has shifted to initiating the production of inflorescences (to commence its single attempt at sexual reproduction) at smaller rosette sizes. Importantly, the rosette size at induction is correlated with the number of seeds produced. We have constructed an agent-based model to simulate the dynamics of a Florida T. utriculata population over many generations where the minimum rosettes size required to initiate inflorescence production (minimum size of induction or MSI), is an inherited trait. We use the model to explore how predation may have shifted the population's genetic composition and the impact this has on population viability. Our results show that larger germination rates are required for population viability when weevils are present. Parameter uncertainty analysis revealed that in the presence of weevil predation, only a population with a very high germination rate and a short period of predation would sustain its population for 100 years with sizes similar to simulations without weevil predation. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis showed that the mean MSI of the population decreased over a 100-year period without weevil predation, and this trend was exacerbated by the presence of weevil predation.},
}
@article {pmid40493213,
year = {2025},
author = {Vila Duplá, M},
title = {Advancements in Algal Microbiome Research: A Game-Changer for Climate Resilience and Invasion Success?.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {88},
number = {1},
pages = {63},
pmid = {40493213},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {*Microbiota ; *Climate Change ; *Seaweed/microbiology ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {While marine microbiomes have been getting more attention in recent years, they remain understudied compared to those of terrestrial systems. With the refinement of molecular methods, microbiome research has extended to other key marine organisms such as macroalgae. The microbiome plays a key role in macroalgal health, adaptation to environmental conditions, and resilience to climate stressors. The main factors affecting the algal microbiome are host specificity (genetics, functional profile, phylum and species identity), life stage, morphology, thallus region, and tissue age. Other significant drivers of microbiome community structure include spatiotemporal distribution and environmental conditions, especially as global stressors intensify with climate change. The mechanisms through which the microbiome of invasive seaweeds might enhance their competitiveness over native species are still unclear. However, there is evidence that, like climate resilience, invasive potential is linked to the functional flexibility of associated microbiota, allowing the host to adapt to the new environmental conditions. The main objective of this review was to synthesize the current understanding of the macroalgal microbiome and propose future directions in microbiome research based on identified shortcomings. Based on the knowledge gaps detected, there is an urgent need for multi-factorial experimental studies that link host and microbiome gene expression through chemical signals under future climate change scenarios, standardization of analytical methods, and a focus on underrepresented geographical regions and species. While algal microbiome research holds great promise for predicting and mitigating the effects of climate change and invasive species, embracing new tools and tackling ecologically relevant mechanistic and applied questions will be essential to advancing this field.},
}
@article {pmid40492297,
year = {2025},
author = {Jermacz, &#x141; and Podwysocki, K and Desiderato, A and Bącela-Spychalska, K and Rewicz, T and Szczerkowska-Majchrzak, E and Augustyniak, M and Gjoni, V and Kobak, J},
title = {The same species, not the same invader: Metabolic responses of genetically distinct invasive populations of Dikerogammarus villosus and their intraspecific hybrid to environmental stresses.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {9},
pages = {1665-1679},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70072},
pmid = {40492297},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {2018/31/D/NZ8/03061//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; 2020/39/D/NZ8/01226//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Amphipoda/genetics/physiology/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Climate Change ; *Stress, Physiological ; Temperature ; Basal Metabolism ; Poland ; },
abstract = {Climate change has a profound impact on ectotherms, which suffer suboptimum thermal conditions in their native areas or spread to previously unavailable locations. However, it is often neglected that responses to environmental changes are likely at a population level, rather than a species-specific phenomenon. Two groups (Western and Eastern) of the invasive Ponto-Caspian amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus independently spread in Europe from two geographically isolated and genetically distinct source populations living in the Danube and Dnieper deltas, respectively. They are expected to meet in the near future in Polish inland waters. This makes this species a perfect model to investigate the intraspecific variability in responses to environmental changes as well as the effects of hybridisation between different genetic units on invasiveness. We scaled maximal metabolic rate (MMR), standard metabolic rate (SMR) and aerobic scope (AS, a measure of physiological performance) of D. villosus at different temperatures (15 and 25°C) and oxygen levels (9.5 or 7.5 mg/L at a temperature of 15 and 25°C, respectively, and 5.5 mg/L at both temperatures) to test for differences in responses to environmental changes among the distinct invasive groups and their hybrid. Large Western Group individuals showed a lower AS at a high temperature, compared to low temperature and to the Eastern group individuals, whereas small animals exhibited similar AS irrespective of temperature and group identity. Moreover, large individuals from both groups experienced a reduction in MMR and AS under low oxygen conditions, whereas small animals did not change these parameters in response to oxygen reduction. Although parental groups reduced their AS in response to oxygen reduction, AS of the hybrid remained unchanged. In conclusion, organism responses to climate change depend on intraspecific variation, which should be considered in studies related to this topic. Furthermore, D. villosus appears sensitive to oxygen deficits and temperature changes (especially the Western group and large individuals), but intraspecific hybridisation can enhance the environmental tolerance of invaders.},
}
@article {pmid40492279,
year = {2025},
author = {Piccinno, R and Galla, G and Roselli, G and Rodeghiero, M and Mazzoni, V and Stringer, L and Hauffe, HC and Anfora, G and Rota-Stabelli, O},
title = {Overwintering Does Not Affect Microbiota Diversity in Halyomorpha halys: Implications for Its Ecology and Management.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {e70116},
pmid = {40492279},
issn = {1758-2229},
mesh = {Animals ; *Microbiota ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Heteroptera/microbiology/physiology ; Seasons ; Biodiversity ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Host-associated microbial communities play an important role in regulating many aspects of insect biology, but changes in this microbiota during diapause and overwintering are still largely unknown. Halyomorpha halys is an invasive agricultural pest characterised by a unique overwintering strategy where individuals aggregate and enter a state of dormancy, making it an excellent model to study the relationship between microbiota and diapause. We investigated the bacterial diversity of wild H. halys specimens before and after dormancy using 16S rRNA gene amplicon-sequencing. We found that microbiota varies between geographically neighbouring sampling locations, but there were no significant differences in microbial diversity or composition between populations sampled before and after diapause, despite stressful overwintering conditions. Such stability may relate to the highly specific taxa that dominate the stinkbug-associated microbial community. In addition, we did not detect any strong association of stink bugs with phytopathogens, but we found that two populations harboured Nosema maddoxi, a microsporidian pathogen of stink bugs. Our results are relevant to the assessment of accidental spillovers of microorganisms in newly invaded areas and to the implementation of the sterile insect technique based on mass trapping, irradiation, shipping and release after diapause of wild individuals.},
}
@article {pmid40490975,
year = {2025},
author = {Pulido-Chadid, K and Rahbek, C and Geldmann, J},
title = {Evaluating protected areas' coverage of threats to terrestrial biodiversity.},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {e70086},
pmid = {40490975},
issn = {1523-1739},
support = {0165-00018B//Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond/ ; 25925//Villum Fonden/ ; },
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; *Endangered Species ; Amphibians ; Birds ; Introduced Species ; Reptiles ; Mammals/physiology ; Hunting ; },
abstract = {Protected areas (PAs) are vital for biodiversity conservation and have expanded globally. However, increasing pressures on biodiversity make it difficult to achieve conservation goals. Using threat probability maps based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List and the World Database of Protected Areas, we analyzed the relationship between PA coverage and the major threats to amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles-agriculture, hunting, logging, pollution, invasive species, and urbanization. We included data on 33,379 species and 255,848 protected sites. We analyzed the relationship between threat probabilities and PA coverage with generalized additive models. Then, we grouped grid cells into discrete threat-protection categories and examined global spatial patterns. We focused three types of areas: areas with a high probability of threat that coincided with inadequate PA coverage; areas that had simultaneous threats; and areas with a high concentration of threatened species. We found a potential disconnect between global PAs and threat coverage. Twenty-one percent of areas had a high probability of threat, of which 76% were insufficiently protected. Over half of amphibian and mammal habitat was highly threatened and was insufficiently covered by PAs. Amphibians were subject to the highest proportion of simultaneous threats. Underprotected areas harbored the largest proportion of threatened species across all taxonomic groups. Our results provide crucial insights into the spatial relationship between threats and PA coverage and can be used to inform conservation planning at large scales.},
}
@article {pmid40489606,
year = {2025},
author = {Zarri, LJ and Kraft, CE and McIntyre, PB and Baetscher, DS and Jirka, KJ and Randall, EA and Marcy-Quay, B and St John, CA and Sethi, SA and Airey, ME and Detmer, TM and Flecker, AS and Therkildsen, NO},
title = {Eradication efforts catalyze rapid evolution in an invasive predatory fish.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {24},
pages = {e2424067122},
pmid = {40489606},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bass/genetics/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Predatory Behavior ; Ecosystem ; Lakes ; Gene Frequency ; },
abstract = {Species invasions spur costly and labor-intensive control efforts, yet even local eradication is seldom achieved. When control measures are initially effective, they may drive evolutionary adaptation that prevents full eradication, as has been documented for some chemical and biocontrol approaches. Although the intensity, directionality, and persistence of selection required to increase the frequency of resistant genotypes in complex natural ecosystems remains an open question, theory predicts that high mortality can cause life-history evolution even in the absence of a strong selective agent. Here, we use annually collected ecological and genetic data to show that rapid evolution of introduced smallmouth bass has undermined a 20-y manual suppression effort in a mid-sized lake. Despite nearly doubling annual mortality, our intensive control program produced a larger bass population dominated by young and early-maturing fish. These shifts were accompanied by large allele frequency changes in three genomic regions associated with earlier maturation and increased somatic growth. Our findings bear out the theoretical prediction that high mortality can drive evolutionary adaptation in target species. Controlling species invasions are worldwide practices that typically remove a substantial proportion of a population during each of many successive generations, hence life history adaptation may be commonplace. Such evolutionary responses could be salient in explaining the widespread failure of invasion control efforts. Genetic and phenotypic monitoring to detect cryptic adaptation and preemptive design of invader eradication programs to deliberately disrupt directional selection for resistance could improve invasion control outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid40488342,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, L and He, J and Zhang, R and Liu, W and Wan, W and Ge, S and Xue, H and Li, X},
title = {Genomic assembly and resequencing of the mango seed weevil Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius) provide insights into host adaptation and invasion control.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {10},
pages = {6161-6176},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8956},
pmid = {40488342},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {2023YFC2605200//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2023HK051//Science &amp; Technology Fund from General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China/ ; 2022HK141//Science &amp; Technology Fund from General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China/ ; 2024HK176//Science &amp; Technology Fund from General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China/ ; 2023IOZ0104//Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Weevils/genetics/physiology ; *Mangifera/growth &amp; development ; *Genome, Insect ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius) is a monophagous beetle that exclusively feeds on mango seeds and is recognized as one of the most destructive quarantine pests worldwide. Despite its considerable ecological and economic impacts, the genomic basis underpinning its host specialization and invasion potential remains poorly understood.<br><br>RESULTS: A high-quality genomic assembly was generated, totaling 701.87&#x2009;Mb with a contig N50 of 3.57&#x2009;Mb, an Illumina read mapping rate of 98.95%, and a BUSCO score of 98.70%. Comparative genomic analyses revealed extensive adaptive remodeling across specific genes and gene families, elucidating the genomic basis of cryptic host adaptation and monophagous feeding. Positive selection signals were identified in key genes associated with chemoperception and detoxification, including ionotropic receptors (Zam04533.t1 and Zam07460.t1), phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (Zam06212.t1), and ABC transporters [Zam09905.t1 (ABCB) and Zam06853.t1 (ABCG)]. Contractions were observed in gene families involved in chemosensory perception, such as gustatory receptors and odorant receptors, and detoxification-related genes, including GSTs, carboxyl/cholinesterases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, consistent with adaptation to a concealed ecological niche. Conversely, expansions in plant cell wall degrading enzymes, such as pectinase CE8 and cellulases GH45, likely enhanced the efficient digestion of mango seeds. Resequencing of 104 globally intercepted individuals from 51 countries across 5 continents revealed weak population genetic structure and low genetic diversity, shaped by adaptive constraints and human-mediated dispersal associated with the globe mango trade.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study established a genome framework linking chemosensory perception, detoxification, and plant cell wall degradation to host-specific adaptation of S. mangiferae, reinforcing the critical role of quarantine in limiting its global invasion. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40487454,
year = {2025},
author = {Savvidou, EC and Ioannou, CS and Apocha, L and Terblanche, JS and Papadopoulos, NT},
title = {Desiccation tolerance and possible starvation trade-offs in larvicide resistant Culex and Aedes mosquitoes.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {112521},
pmid = {40487454},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Larvicides are widely used for mosquito control, but resistance development complicates efforts. We investigated the interplay between insecticide resistance and environmental stress in Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens pipiens, and Culex pipiens molestus. Mosquitoes were selected for resistance to diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, acclimated at four temperatures, and subjected to desiccation and starvation assays. Desiccation and starvation survival were affected by species, sex, and thermal acclimation, but not by larvicide resistance. Larvicide resistance affected starvation survival in Ae. albopictus, which also exhibited higher thermal plasticity under both stressors. Females outlived males across all species and conditions. These findings highlight ecological consequences of larvicide resistance, as it does not compromise stress resistance and thermal plasticity, complicating mosquito control amid climate change. Trade-offs between starvation and desiccation in Ae. albopictus suggests potential mechanistic links between these traits and larvicide mode-of-action. Species-, context- and trait-specific larvicide resistance responses complicates mosquito control efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40483608,
year = {2025},
author = {Fridley, J and Griffin-Nolan, RJ and Bensaddek, L and Decocq, G and Hikosaka, K and Kichey, T and LeVonne, J and Mishio, M},
title = {Joining the locals: Plant invaders shift leaf defenses to match native neighbors.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {6},
pages = {e70129},
pmid = {40483608},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {IOS-1754273//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Leaves/physiology/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants/classification ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Local adaptation is common in invasive plants, but there is no consensus as to whether shifts in functional traits between invader "home" and "away" ranges contribute to their success in competition with native species. Theory based on enemy release suggests that invaders should reallocate limiting resources away from nutritive-based defenses and toward high growth potential. However, empirical studies of home-away trait shifts are typically conducted on a single invader and fail to consider how environmental differences across regions may impact leaf trait syndromes. We measured nine defense-related leaf traits for 27 invasive species across their home and away ranges in France, Japan, and the United States, and compared them to distributions of those same traits for co-occurring native species in both their home and away ranges. Our study included a total of 21 woody species sampled under forest canopies, and 23 herbaceous species sampled in fields and roadsides. Traits included toxic leaf alkaloids and cyanogenic glycosides; structural attributes including cell wall mass and fiber content; carbon (C), nitrogen (N), C:N, and total protein content; and specific leaf area. We found significant overall shifts in both qualitative (alkaloids) and quantitative (fiber, cell wall, N content) defense traits, particularly in woody species that are hypothesized to be more apparent to herbivores. However, the direction of trait shifts was not consistent across regions. Rather, for seven of nine traits, trait means of invaders shifted toward the means of native species in the recipient communities, likely reflecting environmental differences among regions rather than a shift in allocation from defense to growth. We suggest this "join the locals" pattern, whereby trait shifts in invaders match regional differences in native trait syndromes due to environmental variation, is a reasonable null model for studies of adaptive evolution in invasive species. Although the "join the locals" pattern is not mutually exclusive with shifts in functional traits caused by enemy release, our study involving multiple species and habitats suggests environmental gradients override trait shifts driven by varying herbivore communities.},
}
@article {pmid40482538,
year = {2025},
author = {Larraechea, M and Dos Santos, A and Cerda, C and Alegría-Morán, R and Briceño, C},
title = {Perceptions and attitudes toward control of invasive monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) in citizens from Santiago metropolis, Chile.},
journal = {Preventive veterinary medicine},
volume = {242},
number = {},
pages = {106577},
doi = {10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106577},
pmid = {40482538},
issn = {1873-1716},
mesh = {Chile ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Public Opinion ; Perception ; Young Adult ; *Attitude ; Aged ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Population Control ; Adolescent ; },
abstract = {The monk parakeet, one of the world's most invasive birds, has thrived in urban areas and causes environmental, economic, and health impacts. These challenges underline the need for control measures, though public perception can affect efforts. This study explores attitudes toward monk parakeet management among residents from Santiago, Chile. Five-hundred and four online surveys were applied and distributed through online social networks aimed at inhabitants in the Metropolitan Region. Although most citizens recognize that the parakeets can produce environmental impact, respondents do not consider them as a threat to health or the economy. Seventy percent of participants believe there should be a population control program for monk parakeets in place, and the control method is not significantly related to people's support. Sixty percent of respondents support parakeet eradication if they cause damage to native species or if they transmit pathogens to humans or other animals. However, this acceptability decreased considerably if eradication is conducted due to economic damages. Our results demonstrate that, despite a high level of appreciation to parakeets, there is a general willingness to support its management, including eradication, in pursuit of biodiversity conservation and public health. However, citizens need information to know the threats of this invasive bird, given that management initiatives will receive greater support when society understands the potential parakeet impact on environmental, health, or economic realms and when specific and compelling methods are used. It is important for decision-makers to acknowledge beliefs and concerns that could hinder the management of monk parakeets in order to prevent social conflicts.},
}
@article {pmid40481807,
year = {2025},
author = {Endriss, SB and Nuzzo, V and Blossey, B},
title = {Return of diversity: Wetland plant community recovery following purple loosestrife biocontrol.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {e70064},
pmid = {40481807},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//US Fish and Wildlife Service/ ; //New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/ ; //The Nature Conservancy/ ; },
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Biodiversity ; *Lythrum/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Animals ; New York ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Spread of non-native species can be important drivers of biodiversity declines, leading to precautionary management based on assumptions that (1) non-native biota have negative impacts and are "guilty" of causing harm and (2) reducing a non-native species' abundance will reduce these negative impacts, in turn, benefiting native species. However, we frequently lack data to gauge both negative impacts of non-native species and success or failure of chosen management interventions to benefit native species. Addressing these knowledge gaps is critical to improving management outcomes for native species while maintaining public trust to sustain funding of management activities. Here, we investigated the response of Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) and associated plant communities to implementation of biological control in more than 10 wetland sites in New York State for up to 28 years. Introduced to North America from Europe in the 1800s, L. salicaria is a prime example of a non-native species with a continent-wide distribution that could not be suppressed by mechanical and chemical treatments. In the 1980s, waterfowl biologists, wetland managers, and conservationists alike worried about the loss of diverse wetland plant communities associated with the rapid expansion of L. salicaria. In response, after careful assessments of safety, and potential costs and benefits, four highly host-specific insect herbivores were released in North America in the early 1990s to reduce L. salicaria abundance and its negative ecological impacts. In a companion paper, Blossey et al. documented reduced L. salicaria occupancy and stem densities following insect releases over time (i.e., biological success), irrespective of site-specific differences in starting plant communities or L. salicaria abundance. Here, we show that reduced abundance of L. salicaria leads to the ultimate goal of non-native plant management: increased cover, abundance, and diversity of species, often of native species (i.e., ecological success). We also conduct analyses to provide inference about which plant species are most sensitive to L. salicaria, including changes in L. salicaria stem density. Overall, we provide an important conservation success story: our findings emphasize that biocontrol of non-native plants can be effective and safe, allowing native species to recover as a dominant non-native species gradually declines.},
}
@article {pmid40481090,
year = {2025},
author = {Samake, JN and Athinya, DK and Milanoi, S and Ramaita, E and Muchoki, M and Omondi, S and Abong'o, B and Matoke-Muhia, D and Mbogo, C and Keitany, K and Mukabana, WR and Oyieke, F and Shieshia, M and Mburu, M and Ogoma, S and Nyawira, E and Wekesa, C and Bartilol, B and Rono, M and Maia, M and O'Meara, W and Kahindi, S and Rafferty, C and Schultz, JS and Gutman, JR and Gimnig, JE and Zohdy, S and Ochomo, E},
title = {Spatial distribution and population structure of the invasive Anopheles stephensi in Kenya from 2022 to 2024.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {19878},
pmid = {40481090},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {INV-024969/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; INV-024969/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anopheles/genetics/classification ; Kenya ; Genetic Variation ; *Introduced Species ; Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; Larva/genetics ; *Animal Distribution ; Haplotypes ; },
abstract = {This study analyzes the distribution, genetic diversity, and spread of Anopheles stephensi in Kenya following initial detection in December 2022. A total of 114 larval and 33 adult An. stephensi samples were confirmed in 7 of 18 surveyed counties majorly along transportation routes. Genetic analyses revealed three distinct genetic compositions with different levels of genetic diversity, suggesting multiple introductions into the country. The genetic composition of mosquitoes in most counties resembled southern Ethiopian populations, while those from Turkana showed a unique haplotype. A species distribution model predicts a more extensive range than currently observed, with low precipitation and minimal seasonal temperature variations as key factors influencing distribution. Challenges in adult sampling were noted, with larval sampling revealing co-occurrence with native Anopheles species. The findings have implications for surveillance and control strategies, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring, refined sampling techniques to inform bionomics, and cross-border collaboration.},
}
@article {pmid40476664,
year = {2025},
author = {Samano, A and Kumar, N and Liao, Y and Ishtiaq, F and Chakraborty, M},
title = {Genome Structural Variants Shape Adaptive Success of an Invasive Urban Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {42},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40476664},
issn = {1537-1719},
support = {R00 GM129411/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R00GM129411/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //Tata Trusts/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anopheles/genetics ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; *Genomic Structural Variation ; Malaria/transmission ; Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; Genome, Insect ; Introduced Species ; India ; },
abstract = {Global changes are associated with the emergence of several invasive species, although genetic determinants of their adaptive success remain poorly understood. To address this problem, we investigated the role genome structural variants (SVs) play in adaptations of Anopheles stephensi, a primary vector of urban malaria in South Asia and an invasive malaria vector in South Asian islands and Africa. Using whole genome sequencing data, we identified 2,988 duplications and 16,038 deletions of SVs in 115 mosquitoes from invasive island populations and four locations from mainland India, the species' ancestral range. The minor allele frequency of SVs and amino acid polymorphism suggests SVs are more deleterious than the amino acid variants. However, high-frequency SVs are enriched in genomic regions with signatures of selective sweeps, implying a putative adaptive role of some SVs. We revealed three novel candidate duplication mutations for recurrent evolution of resistance to diverse insecticides in An. stephensi populations. These mutations exhibit distinct population genetic signatures of recent adaptive evolution, suggesting different mechanisms of rapid adaptations involving hard and soft sweeps helping the species thwart chemical control strategies. We also identify candidate SVs for the larval tolerance to brackish water, which is likely an adaptation in island and coastal populations. Nearly all high-frequency SVs and the candidate adaptive variants in the island populations are derived from the mainland, suggesting a sizable contribution of existing variation to the success of the island populations. Our results highlight the important role of SVs in the evolutionary success of invasive malaria vector An. stephensi.},
}
@article {pmid40474285,
year = {2025},
author = {Werner, D and Nehls, H and Eska, C and Kampen, H},
title = {Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera: Culicidae): yet another invasive mosquito species in Germany.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {211},
pmid = {40474285},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {2819107B22//Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE)/ ; 2818SE001//Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anopheles/parasitology/physiology/classification ; Germany ; *Mosquito Vectors/parasitology/physiology/classification ; *Introduced Species ; Malaria/transmission ; Female ; },
abstract = {From August to October 2024, 62 specimens of the non-native mosquito species Anopheles hyrcanus were trapped in the federal state of Brandenburg, northeastern Germany. At one site, 59 specimens, and at a second site, 3 specimens were collected, with both sites located in floodplain areas, approximately 25 km apart. The records represent the northernmost collection sites of this species worldwide. Anopheles hyrcanus is considered a potential vector of malaria parasites, dirofilarial worms, and various viruses, although vector capacity appears to be generally low. The findings in Germany follow the recent detections of the species in Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, Austria, and Poland, suggesting possible establishment in more northern areas as a consequence of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40473756,
year = {2025},
author = {Rocha, BS and Rodrigues, AC and Granzotti, RV},
title = {Widespread freshwater non-native fishes exhibit synchronized population dynamics with functionally similar natives.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {19753},
pmid = {40473756},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology/classification ; Population Dynamics ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; Fresh Water ; Rivers ; },
abstract = {Invasive non-native fish species can profoundly disrupt ecosystems. In invasion ecology, using the functional similarity with native species to help predict demographic rates of non-native species and infer the ecological processes underlying it remains largely unexplored. Utilizing a comprehensive analysis of 2,903 species pairs across 153 sampling sites in rivers distributed in different continents, we evaluated interspecific synchrony patterns among populations of native and non-native fish species and explored their relationship with functional and phylogenetic dissimilarities using a linear mixed model. Our results indicate that non-native fish exhibit higher synchrony with native species that share similar ecological and morphological traits. This finding corroborates our hypothesis that co-occurring non-native and native species that are more functionally similar are more synchronized and emphasizes the importance of environmental filtering significantly shaping population dynamics between native communities and coexisting non-native species. We highlight the potential of widespread non-native species in increasing synchronous patterns and consequently decreasing community stability. By elucidating which type of dissimilarities (ecological, life history, morphological, and phylogenetic) can predict synchrony and which ecological mechanisms facilitate the coexistence of native and non-native species, this research underscores the ecological implications of invasion dynamics in the long term and helps to guide conservation efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40472533,
year = {2025},
author = {Gorenz, J and Klarl, M and Nehring, S and Pander, J and Geist, J},
title = {Passage denied: The potential of dispersal barriers to limit the spread of aquatic invasive species through shipping canals.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {389},
number = {},
pages = {126075},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126075},
pmid = {40472533},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Fresh Water ; Fishes ; Invertebrates ; },
abstract = {The spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) presents a pressing challenge for global biodiversity, with freshwater ecosystems being particularly affected. The connection of watersheds throughout Europe by the construction of artificial shipping canals has created novel invasion pathways, but may also provide critical infrastructure to counter range expansion by implementation of different barrier solutions. Here, we critically review the efficacy, applicability and limitations of dispersal barriers against AIS in shipping canals considering fishes, invertebrates, algae, bacteria and fungi. Despite the wide spread of AIS and their known detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, research focusing on barriers for AIS in shipping canals is rather limited and predominantly concentrated on a few species of fish. Out of 180 screened studies, only 32 examined the efficacy of technologies such as electric fields, acoustic signals, strobe light, air-bubble curtains, CO2 and pheromones as non-physical barriers. Efficacy and applicability was mostly tested in laboratory setups and strongly species-dependent, requiring a site-specific identification of the most useful barrier technology. Major limitations to barrier implementation include undesired and unknown side effects on non-target species, humans and the environment. To preserve the ecological integrity of freshwater ecosystems across transboundary and inland watersheds, future research should tackle these challenges by increasing the number of studies under realistic field conditions to allow evidence-based decision making on the management of AIS.},
}
@article {pmid40471946,
year = {2025},
author = {Calado, L and Cosenza, B and Moraes, F and Dias Luko, C and Mizrahi, D and Xavier, FC and Batista, D and Domingos, R and Calazans, S and Araújo, F and Coutinho, R},
title = {Simulated larvae dispersion of the invasive sun-coral (Tubastrea spp.) along Rio de Janeiro's coast: The role of submesoscale filaments on offshore transport and connectivity.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0313240},
pmid = {40471946},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; Larva/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Animal Distribution ; Pacific Ocean ; Wind ; },
abstract = {The spread of invasive species in marine ecosystems is a growing global concern, particularly in regions with high economic and ecological importance. Sun corals (Tubastraea spp.) are native scleractinians from the Pacific Ocean that have spread along most of the Brazilian coast. This invasive species initially established populations in Rio de Janeiro state, SE Brazil, reaching high levels of abundance. Although the ecological aspects and impacts caused by this organism have been studied in detail, the natural mechanisms that drive its dispersal have attracted little attention. In this research, we focus on the coastal dispersion of sun coral larvae between Cabo de São Tomé and Ilha Grande Bay, and the offshore transport of sun coral larvae, investigating how submesoscale oceanographic features such as filaments, fronts and eddies influence connectivity among different sites. A high-resolution numerical model was used to simulate the coastal dynamics, incorporating the influence of the Brazil Current, wind-driven circulation, and submesoscale structures. Larval dispersal was examined under different wind scenarios, including northeasterly winds that drive southward currents and enhance offshore transport via submesoscale filaments. Results show that submesoscale features, particularly filaments emerged from upwelling regions, play a significant role on sun coral larvae dispersion. These features act as pathways that connect larvae from coastal to offshore oil exploration areas, highlighting the importance of both natural and anthropogenic processes for the dispersal of this invasive species. This research provides critical insights into the mechanisms governing the spread of invasive marine species, emphasizing the need for integrated coastal management strategies. Understanding how physical processes drive larval transport is essential for developing targeted control measures to mitigate the impact of invasive species like sun coral on native ecosystems and local economies. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of monitoring both natural and anthropogenic influences on marine bioinvasions, particularly in regions with significant offshore industrial activities.},
}
@article {pmid40471899,
year = {2025},
author = {Marais, GC and Stratton, IC and Johnson, AJ and Hulcr, J},
title = {Progress in developing a bark beetle identification tool.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0310716},
pmid = {40471899},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/classification ; Deep Learning ; Forests ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; },
abstract = {This study presents an initial model for bark beetle identification, serving as a foundational step toward developing a fully functional and practical identification tool. Bark beetles are known for extensive damage to forests globally, as well as for uniform and homoplastic morphology which poses identification challenges. Utilizing a MaxViT-based deep learning backbone which utilizes local and global attention to classify bark beetles down to the genus level from images containing multiple beetles. The methodology involves a process of image collection, preparation, and model training, leveraging pre-classified beetle species to ensure accuracy and reliability. The model's F1 score estimates of 0.99 and 1.0 indicates a strong ability to accurately classify genera in the collected data, including those previously unknown to the model. This makes it a valuable first step towards building a tool for applications in forest management and ecological research. While the current model distinguishes among 12 genera, further refinement and additional data will be necessary to achieve reliable species-level identification, which is particularly important for detecting new invasive species. Despite the controlled conditions of image collection and potential challenges in real-world application, this study provides the first model capable of identifying the bark beetle genera, and by far the largest training set of images for any comparable insect group. We also designed a function that reports if a species appears to be unknown. Further research is suggested to enhance the model's generalization capabilities and scalability, emphasizing the integration of advanced machine learning techniques for improved species classification and the detection of invasive or undescribed species.},
}
@article {pmid40462286,
year = {2025},
author = {Calvo, C and Elgersma, KJ and Goldberg, DE and Currie, WS and Batzer, E and Martina, JP},
title = {Biotic resistance across a nutrient gradient in experimental wetland mesocosms.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {e70029},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70029},
pmid = {40462286},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {80NSSC21K1652/NASA/NASA/United States ; NNX11AC72G/NASA/NASA/United States ; },
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Typhaceae/physiology ; *Nitrogen/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic degradation of wetlands often leads to regional biotic homogenization and reduced plant diversity. This reduction is often attributed to the proliferation and dominance of a few generalist, often non-native, species. Biotic resistance from natives can sometimes impede the growth and spread of colonizers, but its dependence on environmental conditions is poorly understood. Based on field and modeling studies, we tested the predictions that (1) biotic resistance declines at higher nitrogen loading and (2) size influences colonization success. In a five-growing season mesocosm experiment, we grew three cattail taxa: Typha latifolia (native, large), Typha angustifolia (non-native, invasive, smallest), and Typha × glauca (hybrid, most invasive, large) as potential colonizers in the presence or absence of pre-established resident vegetation. At two sites differing in climate and growing season length, biotic resistance treatments were crossed with 12 nitrogen levels (inflows 0-45 g N m[-2] year[-1]). Each treatment combination was replicated twice, totaling 48 mesocosms per site. Without residents, colonizers (as total biomass of all three cattail taxa) persisted and expanded clonally across all nitrogen levels. However, their expansion was generally lower when colonizing a pre-established resident community compare to bare ground. The magnitude of biotic resistance, measured as the effect of residents on colonizers' biomass, and its interaction with nitrogen differed between sites. As predicted, biotic resistance decreased with high nitrogen at the northern site, but at the southern site, residents nearly eliminated colonizers. As anticipated, smaller T. angustifolia was a poorer colonizer than the other taxa, while T. × glauca was the strongest colonizer, especially under high nitrogen conditions where biotic resistance was minimal. Our findings partially support the hypothesis that biotic resistance declines with nitrogen loading, indicating that additional research on the factors influencing the magnitude of biotic resistance is needed. Importantly, when combined with our finding that Typha can persist at all nutrient levels when natives are absent, this information could help identify wetlands particularly vulnerable to invasion, especially in environments experiencing concurrent nutrient enrichment and disturbances that expose bare ground.},
}
@article {pmid40461433,
year = {2025},
author = {Priskilla, JJ and Kulandaisamy, AM and Appadurai, DR and Srirama, S and Ananganallur Nagarajan, S and Rahi, M},
title = {Industrial hotspot: Infestation of invasive Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Puducherry, India.},
journal = {Tropical medicine &amp; international health : TM &amp; IH},
volume = {30},
number = {8},
pages = {823-830},
doi = {10.1111/tmi.14137},
pmid = {40461433},
issn = {1365-3156},
support = {//ICMR-VCRC, Puducherry/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/virology/growth &amp; development ; India/epidemiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology ; *Dengue/transmission/epidemiology ; Dengue Virus/isolation &amp; purification ; Larva ; Humans ; *Industry ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Breeding ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Industrial zones are large, unsupervised areas with a high risk of Aedes vector infestation because of the presence of diverse artificial breeding habitats. Unlike community-based Aedes surveys, research on vector breeding in industrial settings is limited. Therefore, this research aimed to explore Aedes vector infestation levels in industrial regions, their breeding places and the presence of dengue virus transmission.<br><br>METHODS: An Aedes immature survey was conducted in 70 industrial units of an urban industrial estate of Puducherry, following standard protocols by the National Centre for Vector Borne Disease Control. The collected immatures were reared for adult emergence and species identification. Larval indices and breeding habitat contribution for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were carried out. Furthermore, adult traps were set up to detect the presence of Dengue viral RNA in adult mosquitoes. Chi-square statistics were performed to find the association of breeding positivity with industry types and container types.<br><br>RESULTS: Aedes breeding was noted in 48&#x2009;units (68.6%). All industrial types had remarkably high Aedes indices. In industrial areas, Ae aegypti was the most common dengue vector species, followed by Ae. albopictus. Out of the nine major container types, discarded types had a 90% positivity rate. Significant associations were also noted between container positivity and industry type (&#x3a7;[2] 15.7, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), mosquito species and industry type (&#x3a7;[2] 16, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.0143) and container type on mosquito breeding (&#x3a7;[2] 48.9, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Molecular analysis showed no detectable levels of dengue virus in the mosquito samples.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Surveillance on Aedes density is important in determining factors related to dengue transmission, in order to prioritise areas and seasons for vector control. Aedes mosquito populations in industrial settings pose a serious threat to public health. Appropriate surveillance and control strategies need to be framed for such large non-residential areas at a policy level. Combining environmental management techniques, innovative vector control methods and community engagement may help reduce the health concerns associated with Aedes in these complex industrial settings.},
}
@article {pmid40461031,
year = {2025},
author = {Ksepka, SP and Walsh, H and Densmore, CL and Truong, TN and Bullard, SA},
title = {TWO NEW SPECIES OF HENNEGUYA THÉLOHAN, 1892 (CNIDARIA: BIVALVULIDA: MYXOBOLIDAE) INFECTING GILL OF BLUE CATFISH, ICTALURUS FURCATUS (RAFINESQUE) (SILURIFORMES: ICTALURIDAE) FROM THE TALLAPOOSA RIVER AND CHESAPEAKE BAY TRIBUTARIES.},
journal = {The Journal of parasitology},
volume = {111},
number = {3},
pages = {287-297},
doi = {10.1645/24-141},
pmid = {40461031},
issn = {1937-2345},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gills/parasitology ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology/epidemiology ; Rivers ; *Ictaluridae/parasitology ; Alabama/epidemiology ; *Parasitic Diseases, Animal/parasitology/epidemiology ; *Myxozoa/classification/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology/ultrastructure/isolation &amp; purification ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {We herein describe 2 new species of Henneguya Thélohan, 1892 (Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae), Henneguya auburnensis Ksepka and Bullard n. sp. and Henneguya chesapeakensis Ksepka, Walsh, and Bullard n. sp., infecting the inter-lamellar epithelium of cultured blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus [Valenciennes, 1840] [Siluriformes: Ictaluridae]) from Saugahatchee Creek (Tallapoosa River; Auburn, Alabama) and the inter-lamellar epithelium of invasive blue catfish captured in Chesapeake Bay tributaries, respectively. Henneguya auburnensis resembles Henneguya mississippiensisRosser, Griffin, Quiniou, Khoo, Greenway, Wise, and Pote, 2015, and Henneguya sutherlandiGriffin, Pote, Wise, Greenway, Mauel, and Camus, 2008, which both infect channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus [Rafinesque, 1818] [Siluriformes: Ictaluridae]) in Mississippi, but differs from these species by having more polar tubule coils (10-12 vs. 8-9 and 6, respectively). Henneguya chesapeakensis resembles Henneguya longicaudaMinchew, 1977, which infects channel catfish in Mississippi, but differs from this species by having shorter polar capsules (6.0-7.0 vs. 7.0-9.0). A phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rDNA recovered ictalurid-infecting Henneguya spp. as monophyletic, with H. auburnensis sister to a clade of Henneguya spp. that, except for H. chesapeakensis, infect the gill or adipose fin of channel catfish. Henneguya chesapeakensis was recovered sister to Henneguya ictaluriPote, Hanson, and Shivaji, 2000. Histological sections of infected gill filaments revealed that the plasmodia of both new species developed within the inter-lamellar epithelium. The new species comprise the second and third species of Henneguya reported from blue catfish.},
}
@article {pmid40460806,
year = {2025},
author = {Gong, L and Song, Y and Zhao, W and Su, L and Li, T and Hu, Y and Li, B and Li, X},
title = {The impact of different Spartina alterniflora eradication strategies on the biological community.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {118242},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118242},
pmid = {40460806},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Poaceae ; Wetlands ; China ; *Introduced Species ; Biomass ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Estuaries ; Microbiota ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The global invasive species, Spartina alterniflora has caused significant damage to coastal wetland ecosystems in China. This study evaluated the effectiveness and ecological impacts of two S. alterniflora management strategies in the Yangtze River estuary: Haloxyfop-R-methyl application and repeated mowing (once at the early flowering stage and once nine weeks later). The effectiveness of S. alterniflora control, and macrobenthos and bacterial community responses were compared at the Haloxyfop-R-methyl site, repeated mowing site, a control site, and a mud site during 2022-2023, and sediment physicochemical properties were also assessed. One year after Haloxyfop-R-methyl application, the density, aboveground biomass, height, and regenerated S. alterniflora were significantly reduced by 84 %, 94 %, 80 %, and 99 %, respectively. Mowing reduced the density, aboveground biomass, and height by 28 %, 78 %, and 29 %, respectively. At the Haloxyfop-R-methyl site, the biomass and Chao1 index of macrobenthos were significantly decreased compared with the control. There were significant differences in the macrobenthos community structure between the Haloxyfop-R-methyl and mowing sites compared to the control. Haloxyfop-R-methyl application and mowing did not significantly alter the α-diversity of bacterial communities but had an impact on the bacterial community structure, with the main indicator species differing among sites. Vegetation changes, sediment moisture content, total organic carbon content, and ammonium nitrogen concentration were the main factors influencing the composition of macrobenthos and bacterial communities at all sites. In summary, the Haloxyfop-R-methyl strategy better controlled S. alterniflora in coastal wetlands, while the repeated mowing strategy resulted in less disturbance of the major biological groups.},
}
@article {pmid40460685,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, L and Lucarelli, V and Kralicek, A and Travas-Sejdic, J and Zhu, B},
title = {Electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive, rapid and label-free detection of MUP13.},
journal = {Talanta},
volume = {296},
number = {},
pages = {128418},
doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128418},
pmid = {40460685},
issn = {1873-3573},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry ; Rats ; *Electrochemical Techniques/methods/instrumentation ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods/instrumentation ; Biomarkers/urine ; Limit of Detection ; },
abstract = {Invasive mammalian predators threaten native ecosystems globally, and eradication efforts often fail to fully protect local flora and fauna. Continuous surveillance is crucial to ensure eradication and prevent reinvasion. Rapid detection of invasive species, particularly large mammals, is challenging due to the reliance on labour-intensive methods like traps and baits. A remote sensing device capable of detecting these species could be transformative for ecosystem protection. Here we present an electrochemical aptasensor device that can rapidly detect a protein biomarker, MUP13, from rat urine, as a proof of concept for a new surveillance system able to identify the presence of a pest in an area through detection of species-specific biomarkers. The developed electrochemical sensor provided a linear detection range from 1.68 nM to 16.82 μM, with a LoD of 2.2 nM and a sensitivity of 0.26 [log(M)][-1]. The electrochemical aptasensor exhibited high specificity when tested against structurally related biomarkers and other contaminants present in rat urine.},
}
@article {pmid40459991,
year = {2025},
author = {Lequerica Támara, ME and Latty, T and Threlfall, CG and Hochuli, DF},
title = {Seasonal variation in floral resource use by a hover fly (Melangyna) (Diptera: Syrphidae) and the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an urban setting.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40459991},
issn = {1536-2442},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/physiology ; Seasons ; *Flowers ; *Pollination ; *Diptera/physiology ; Cities ; Urbanization ; New South Wales ; },
abstract = {Concerns about the impacts of introduced honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) on native insects and pollination services are prevalent. These impacts may be more pronounced on urban greenspaces, yet research on the use of abundant winter-flowering plants, such as Acacia spp. and Grevillea spp., in subtropical ecosystems is limited. Our study investigated the seasonal use of floral resources by honey bees and native hover flies (Melangyna indet.) in urban greenspaces of varying urbanization levels in Sydney, Australia. We found both insect groups use similar plants, with honey bees having a higher number of interactions with plants in general, but Melangyna interacting with more plant species during some seasons. Particularly in autumn and winter, when native plants flower, Melangyna had more interactions and visited more plant species than honey bees. The overlap in floral resources used by both was higher than expected in various urbanization levels during spring and autumn. This suggests that Melangyna may play a significant role in pollination during autumn and winter, especially in highly urbanized sites. The observed differences in floral resource utilization and seasonal variations indicate that the potential effects of introduced A. mellifera on native pollinators like Melangyna may be difficult to quantify given the high number of variables and complexity of the system. Our findings underscore the importance of considering seasonal patterns and multispecies interactions in studies on the impact of introduced species on native biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid40459988,
year = {2025},
author = {DuBose, JG and Hoogshagen, M and de Roode, JC},
title = {The role of a non-native host plant in altering the seasonal dynamics of Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) development.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40459988},
issn = {1536-2442},
mesh = {Animals ; Seasons ; *Butterflies/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Asclepias/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Female ; Animal Migration ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Male ; },
abstract = {Insect herbivores often experience seasonal fluctuation in food availability, which plays important role in signaling diapause and/or migration. However, the introduction of non-native plants with different seasonal phenologies has the potential to disrupt these dynamics. Some evidence suggests that this may be a developing issue for the annual migration of the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). The tropical milkweed Asclepias curassavica (Linnaeus) (Gentianales: Apocynaceae), which does not seasonally senesce to the same extent or rate as native milkweed host plants, has recently been introduced into the North American mainland population. Here, we report an experimental comparison of monarch developmental success when reared on A. curassavica and the native A. incarnata (Linnaeus) (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) in the summer and fall. We found that A. curassavica facilitates monarch development later into their typical migratory and over-wintering season, despite several prolonged periods where the temperature was below requirements for growth and development.},
}
@article {pmid40459267,
year = {2025},
author = {Palmer, EM and Metz, DCG and Hechinger, RF},
title = {Further Evidence for Plausible Transmission of Fishborne Trematodiases in the United States: Game Fish Carry Human-Infectious Trematodes and Are Eaten Raw.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {232},
number = {1},
pages = {e159-e168},
pmid = {40459267},
issn = {1537-6613},
support = {R03 AI156569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 1R03AI156569-01//US National Institutes of Health/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Trematode Infections/transmission/epidemiology/parasitology ; *Fishes/parasitology ; *Trematoda/isolation &amp; purification ; United States/epidemiology ; *Foodborne Diseases/parasitology/epidemiology ; California ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology/transmission ; },
abstract = {Historically, locally transmitted fishborne trematodiasis has not been a public health concern in the United States (US). However, the widespread introduction of the first intermediate host snail Melanoides tuberculata and 2 of the fishborne trematodes it transmits (Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus), along with their discovery at freshwater fishing localities throughout southern California, reveals a need to further evaluate the risk of local transmission of fishborne trematodiasis in the US. Here, we confirm that the trematode stages infectious to people (metacercariae) commonly infect and can be abundant in 7 commonly caught and eaten fish species at California fishing localities. Further, via an online social media search, we provide evidence that people throughout the US eat those same fish species in ways conducive to trematode transmission (namely, eating fish unfrozen and raw). These findings further indicate the plausibility for locally transmitted fishborne trematodiasis in the US.},
}
@article {pmid40459225,
year = {2025},
author = {Cardoso, P and Pekár, S and Birkhofer, K and Chuang, A and Fukushima, CS and Hebets, EA and Henaut, Y and Hesselberg, T and Malumbres-Olarte, J and Michálek, O and Michalko, R and Scott, C and Wolff, J and Mammola, S},
title = {Ecosystem services provided by spiders.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {100},
number = {6},
pages = {2217-2236},
pmid = {40459225},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {348352//Research Council of Finland/ ; /CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; 101031131//HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council/ ; 101040724//HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council/ ; 101081964//HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council/ ; 861924//HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council/ ; CN00000033//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; //European Commission/ ; //Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; /CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Spiders/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Spiders, ubiquitous and abundant predators in terrestrial ecosystems, often are the subjects of an unjust negative perception. However, these remarkable creatures stand as unsung heroes within our ecosystems, contributing a multitude of ecosystem services critical to human well-being. Here, we describe the diverse spectrum of ecosystem services offered by spiders and their potential to inspire or directly provide nature-based solutions. Provisioning services include the versatile uses of silk-like and other materials, inspiration for biomimetic technology, medicines derived from venom, hemolymph and silk, bio-insecticides that offer eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals, food sources for various human communities worldwide, and unconventional yet increasingly valued pets. Regulating services provided by spiders extend to vital roles in pest suppression across diverse agricultural settings, mitigating diseases by curbing insect-mediated pathogen dispersal, and controlling invasive species. Supporting services offered by spiders are equally extensive, involving nutrient cycling through the breakdown of organic matter, acting as food sources for predators, or creating habitats for other organisms. Beyond their tangible contributions, spiders hold a significant cultural and spiritual heritage globally and are integral to many traditional medicine practices. They inspire contemporary culture, provide educational value, contribute to mental health improvement, evoke a sense of place, offer models for scientific discovery, and are commonly employed for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem health. To pave the way for future research, we present suggestions for exploring and quantifying the economic value of ecosystem services by spiders. While many of these services are well established and studied from various perspectives, others harbour untapped potential. Leveraging what nature inherently provides, these nature-based solutions offer avenues to address challenges such as biodiversity erosion and societal needs. By restoring, preserving, or mimicking natural processes of spiders, we can enhance or provide essential ecosystem services, harnessing the full potential of spiders and the web of benefits they bring us.},
}
@article {pmid40458965,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, Y and Xu, YH and Guo, K and Guo, WY and Wang, YJ},
title = {Native Plant Species Are More Resistant Than Invasive Aliens to Escalating Environmental Change Factors.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {6},
pages = {e70282},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70282},
pmid = {40458965},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {32171510//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31770449//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Biomass ; *Climate Change ; Droughts ; Salinity ; Ecosystem ; *Plants ; },
abstract = {The interplay between invasive alien plant species and various environmental change factors can lead to unpredictable ecosystem impacts. Existing research predominantly examines isolated or specific environmental factors, leaving the effects of complex, multifaceted environmental changes on the growth of both invasive alien and native plant species inadequately explored. Here, we investigated the biomass responses of ten confamilial‌ pairs of invasive and native species to six individual and combined environmental change factors. Our results revealed a significant reduction in biomass for both invasive and native species as the number of environmental change factors increased, with invasive species demonstrating heightened sensitivity. Notably, drought and salinity exhibited particularly severe negative effects across different environmental combinations, highlighting their critical role in driving these effects. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding and predicting how intensified environmental changes impact plant invasions and overall ecosystem stability.},
}
@article {pmid40458221,
year = {2025},
author = {Dong, S and Qin, T and Xue, Z and Guo, W and Wang, H and Li, H},
title = {Functional traits driving invasion risk and potential distribution of alien plants in oasis agroecosystems.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1590709},
pmid = {40458221},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Alien invasive plants pose a significant threat to global agricultural production, with functional traits playing a critical role in their spread and establishment processes. However, relevant research is scarce in oasis agroecosystems, which are more sensitive to global change. We studied oasis agroecosystems in Xinjiang, China, to explore the relationship between alien plant functional traits and invasion risk. A total of 611 sites comprising 9,165 plots were surveyed, covering an area of 22,474.73 hectares. Field surveys recorded species, density, and cover of alien plants, measuring traits related to growth, reproduction, and dispersal. Invasion risk was classified into four levels based on importance values. Random forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) modeling analyzed the relationship between functional traits and invasion risk, while MaxEnt modeling predicted potential distributions. We identified 62 alien plant species from 18 families and 44 genera, with Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae being the most represented families. High-risk invasive plants shared certain functional traits-specifically, high specific leaf area (SLA) and larger seed mass-which significantly enhance their invasion potential in oasis agroecosystems. The combination of these traits correlates with increased invasion risk. By incorporating SLA into the weighting of high-risk species distributions, we predicted potential distribution areas with an AUC value of 0.981. Our study identifies key functional traits enabling alien plant invasions in oasis agriculture, enhancing understanding of invasion mechanisms. Findings provide a foundation for predicting potential invasive species and developing management strategies to mitigate impacts on agricultural productivity and ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid40457802,
year = {2025},
author = {Pascoe, PP and Bartlett, M and Shaw, J and Trebilco, R and Weldrick, CK and Jones, HP},
title = {Decadal change in seabird-driven isotopes on islands with differing invasion histories.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {e70030},
pmid = {40457802},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Margaret Middleton Fund for Endangered Australian Native Vertebrate Animals/ ; //Ecological Society of Australia Holsworth Wildlife Endowment/ ; WW-222R-17//National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Islands ; *Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; New Zealand ; Ecosystem ; *Birds/physiology ; *Charadriiformes/physiology ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Invasive mammal eradications are commonplace in island conservation. However, post-eradication monitoring beyond the confirmation of target species removal is rarer. Seabirds are ecosystem engineers on islands and are negatively affected by invasive mammals. Following an invasive mammal eradication, the recovery of seabird populations can be necessary for wider ecosystem recovery. Seabirds fertilize islands with isotopically heavy nitrogen, which means that nitrogen stable isotope analysis (δ[15]N) could provide a useful means for assessing corresponding change in ecosystem function. We quantified decadal changes in δ[15]N on eight temperate New Zealand islands subject in pairs to distinct mammal invasion and seabird restoration histories: invaded, never-invaded, invader-eradicated, and undergoing active seabird restoration. First, we investigated long-term changes in δ[15]N values on individual islands. Second, we used a space-for-time analysis to determine whether δ[15]N levels on islands from which invaders had been removed eventually recovered to values typical of never-invaded islands. On each island, soil, plants (Coprosma repens, Coprosma robusta, and Myrsine australis), and spiders (Porrhothelidae) were sampled in 2006/2007 and 2022, allowing δ[15]N change on individual islands over 16 years to be assessed. Combined, the samples from invader-eradicated islands provided a 7- to32-year post-eradication dataset. Change in δ[15]N was only detected on one island across the study period, following the unexpected recolonization of seabirds to an invaded island. Invader-eradicated islands generally had higher δ[15]N values than invaded islands; however, they were still lower than never-invaded islands, and there was no trend in δ[15]N with time since eradication. This, and the measurable increase in δ[15]N following seabird recolonization on one island, may suggest that δ[15]N change occurs rapidly following invader eradication but then slows, with δ[15]N values staying relatively constant in the time period studied here. Isotope and seabird population studies need to be coupled to ascertain whether plateauing in δ[15]N reflects a slowing of seabird population growth and subsequent basal nutrient input or whether the baseline nutrients are entering the ecosystem but then not propagating up the food web.},
}
@article {pmid40455269,
year = {2025},
author = {Andrews, O and Jones, AC and Whitmore, M and Salom, S},
title = {Potential feeding deterrents of Adelges tsugae found in biological control flies.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {112},
number = {3},
pages = {45},
pmid = {40455269},
issn = {1432-1904},
mesh = {Animals ; *Diptera/physiology/chemistry ; *Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Coleoptera/physiology ; Larva/chemistry ; *Hemiptera/physiology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The invasive hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (HWA, Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is a detrimental pest to native eastern and Carolina hemlocks. In the last 2 decades, biological control utilizing two species of Laricobius beetles (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) has been of focus in the widespread effort to control HWA. Recently, two species of silver flies, native to the Pacific Northwest, Leucotaraxis argenticollis Zetterstedt and Leucotaraxis piniperda Malloch (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), are being investigated as additional biological control agents. Releasing these two silver fly species in the eastern United States has yet to result in the establishment of these predators. During laboratory studies, Leucotaraxis larvae excreted a black substance in response to being disturbed, which contained anthraquinones previously detected in HWA. Previous research on Laricobius spp. found that the beetles likely sequestered these compounds from HWA. These compounds are feeding deterrents in other insect species. Leucotaraxis argenticollis life stages, their excrement, and honeydew produced by HWA were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that these anthraquinones were detected in various life stages of Le. argenticollis immatures and adults that fed on HWA. They were not detected in Le. argenticollis adults that were only fed artificial diet and water, indicating that Le. argenticollis sequesters the anthraquinones from HWA and may transmit the compounds to their eggs.},
}
@article {pmid40453376,
year = {2025},
author = {Wijethunge, IK and Cao, J and Meng, F and Xu, Z and Zhao, Q and Cao, L},
title = {Occurrence dataset from the waterbird survey of the middle and lower Huai He floodplain, China.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e158384},
pmid = {40453376},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Huai He floodplain in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces, an important component of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF), sustains critical wetland habitats for migratory waterbirds, including four threatened species on the IUCN Red List: critically endangered Aythyabaeri (Radde, 1863), endangered Ansercygnoides (Linnaeus, 1758) and vulnerable Melanittafusca (Linnaeus, 1758) and Aythyaferina (Linnaeus, 1758). Despite its biogeographic significance as a transitional zone between the Yangtze and Yellow River floodplains, this region remains one of China's most understudied and ecologically degraded freshwater systems. Historical pollution events and contemporary anthropogenic pressures - agricultural intensification, hydrological fragmentation and invasive species - have severely compromised wetland integrity. During mid-December 2005 and November to December 2006, standardised surveys employed fixed-radius point counts (158 sites) with the component counting method to enhance accuracy.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: We present the first comprehensive waterbird dataset for the Anhui and Jiangsu part of the Huai He floodplain, comprising 44 species (32,517 individuals) recorded across 30 wetlands during 2005-2006 surveys. All occurrence data adhere to Darwin Core standards and are accessible via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, providing spatial-temporal baselines for abundance and distributional data for waterbirds in this region.},
}
@article {pmid40452496,
year = {2025},
author = {Watkins, B and Cabaniss, D and Bracey, P},
title = {An Unusual Case of Epistaxis: Intranasal Bipalium Pseudoparasite.},
journal = {Wilderness &amp; environmental medicine},
volume = {36},
number = {4},
pages = {569-571},
doi = {10.1177/10806032251343594},
pmid = {40452496},
issn = {1545-1534},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Epistaxis/parasitology ; Adolescent ; Animals ; Albendazole/therapeutic use ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Hammerhead worms are becoming increasingly common in the southeastern United States as the invasive species continues to spread. Limited data exist on this species acting as a pseudoparasite, with only 3 documented cases found on literature review of Bipalidae species living inside human hosts. We present one such case from Shreveport, Louisiana, of a patient who arrived at the emergency department after a hammerhead worm was expelled from his sinus passage. A 13-y-old male with a history of autism and developmental delay had been complaining of headache for 2 to 3 d. He had a spontaneous nosebleed from his right nostril on the morning of presentation to the emergency department. On blowing his nose, a large hammerhead worm was evacuated from his sinuses. Imaging studies and direct visualization did not reveal any significant damage or remaining helminths in the sinus passages. Due to patient risk factors for parasitic infection, while definitive identification of the worm species was still pending, a course of albendazole was prescribed. The patient was discharged from the emergency department in good condition. As this invasive species becomes more common in warm and humid areas of the United States, infection with these pseudoparasites may become more prevalent as well. Fortunately, this appears to be a rare occurrence, and clinical sequelae appear to be minimal after removal of the organism.},
}
@article {pmid40450939,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Y and Zhang, J and Chang, Z and Liu, M and Xu, M and Zhou, X and Fu, X},
title = {Quantifying the effect of key factors on the shedding and decay rates of eDNA from the golden mussel.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {388},
number = {},
pages = {126054},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126054},
pmid = {40450939},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA, Environmental ; *Bivalvia/genetics ; Introduced Species ; Temperature ; Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Fresh Water ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Biomass ; },
abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) quantification is an emerging technique for detecting invasive mussel in aquatic environments. Understanding mechanism of eDNA shedding and decaying under different environmental conditions are critical for obtaining reliable spatial and temporal distribution of the target species. As a representative invasive species in freshwater ecosystems, the golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) has caused significant economic and ecological damage worldwide through its invasion and biofouling. In this study, the effects of key eco-environmental factors including biomass, water temperature, and pH that influence eDNA shedding and decay of golden mussel were revealed through field investigations of grand water diversion project and laboratory experiments. The results revealed significant positive correlations between both biomass and water temperature with eDNA shedding rates. Additionally, high water temperatures and low pH conditions were found to accelerate the decay of mussel eDNA. The findings of this study indicate that the effects of these controlling factors should be considered during the collection and quantitative analysis processes of water samples to provide reliable base for invasion detection using eDNA technology.},
}
@article {pmid40449471,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, S and Huang, H and Peng, D and Zhu, Y and Dong, D and Huang, H and Chu, J},
title = {Potential distribution projections of mangrove forests and invasive plants under climate change: case insights from mangrove management in Guangdong Province, China.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {218},
number = {},
pages = {118131},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118131},
pmid = {40449471},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; China ; *Introduced Species ; *Wetlands ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Mangrove ecosystems are vital for maintaining biodiversity, purifying water, sequestering carbon, and mitigating climate change in coastal regions. The geographical distribution of mangrove forests has been severely affected by global warming; therefore, it must be predicted under future climate scenarios to provide a scientific basis for conservation and restoration. In this study, we employed the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution of suitable mangrove areas in Guangdong Province under current conditions and two future climate scenarios (2030s and 2090s): SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5. The potential distributions of introduced mangrove plants (Laguncularia racemosa and Sonneratia apetala) were assessed to evaluate their suitability for mangrove restoration. Furthermore, we investigated the invasive potential of Spartina alterniflora, a biologically invasive species in mangrove ecosystems, under different climate scenarios. Finally, a conservation gap analysis was conducted to identify priority areas for mangrove protection. We observed the following: i) main environmental factors affecting the distribution pattern of mangroves in Guangdong Province were temperature and water quality; ii) hotspots of mangrove distribution are mainly concentrated in the Beibu Gulf coastline, Leizhou Gulf coastline, Zhenhai Bay-Dongping Harbor-Beijin Bay coastline, Zhuhai Harbor-Guangzhou Bay-Humen-Mawan Bay, Shuangyue Bay, and Rongjiang River estuary; iii) optimal zone of mangroves was the largest under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, and the potential suitable zone and geometric center of mangroves gradually shifted to higher latitudes; iv) the protection and restoration of mangroves should be prioritized in the future in the zones of Anpu Harbor, Leizhou Bay, Zhenhai Bay, and Huangmaohai and coastline of Pearl River Estuary.},
}
@article {pmid40449435,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Ma, K and Man, D and Zhu, S and Zhang, Y and Lu, J},
title = {Land use impacts on plant diversity and soil C/N stocks in semi-arid grasslands of northern China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {388},
number = {},
pages = {126023},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126023},
pmid = {40449435},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Grassland ; *Nitrogen ; China ; *Carbon/analysis ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Poaceae ; Plants ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Grasslands play an indispensable role in global ecological balance. However, land utilization practices such as mowing, grazing, and mining have led to degradation, affecting plant diversity and reducing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks. Revealing these degradation mechanisms after various land utilization practices is essential for implementing effective management practices to restore and sustain degraded grasslands. This study examines the effects of different land use types-mowing, light grazing, heavy grazing, and mining-on plant community characteristics, biomass, soil C and N dynamics in the Hulunbuir Grassland of Inner Mongolia. Our results revealed that across 50 herbaceous species, dominant vegetation shifted significantly: light grazing favored native grasses like Cleistogenes squarrosa and Artemisia frigida, while heavy grazing and mining promoted invasive species (e.g., Taraxacum mongolicum). Plant diversity and biomass were highest under mowing, but mining reduced species richness by 35 % and biomass by 50 % compared to mowing. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN) stocks varied significantly across land-use types and plant growth phases, peaking in mowing sites (SOC: 9.85 ± 1.45 g/kg; STN: 1.55 ± 0.05 g/kg at 0-20 cm depth) and declining sharply in mining areas (SOC: 3.44 ± 0.46 g/kg; STN: 0.76 ± 0.06 g/kg). Strong correlations linked plant diversity and root biomass to SOC and STN retention, whereas Asteraceae biomass showed minimal influence. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that land use influenced SOC and STN stocks primarily through indirect effects on plant, root, and litter biomass rather than direct impacts. These findings underscore the need for daptive, site-specific restoration frameworks to mitigate degradation, prevent invasive species encroachment in mining areas and grazing livestock for sustainable grassland restoration.},
}
@article {pmid40449212,
year = {2025},
author = {Parreira, F and Palma, J and Santos, R and Martínez-Crego, B},
title = {Predation success of declining long-snouted seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus) population under habitat shifts.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {209},
number = {},
pages = {107247},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107247},
pmid = {40449212},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Smegmamorpha/physiology ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Food Chain ; Amphipoda ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Seahorse populations are facing significant declines worldwide, often associated to illegal trade and habitat loss or fragmentation. Emergent habitat shifts towards invasive seaweeds, facilitated by global warming, can also be at play, having still unknown effects on seahorse ecology. Particularly, indirect impacts on seahorse populations via altered predation success remains largely unexplored. Here, we conducted mesocosm experiments to investigate differences in the prey capture success of the long-snouted seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus) among native habitats (i.e. seagrass meadows and unvegetated sediments) and non-native Caulerpa prolifera meadows when offered different preys (amphipods and shrimps), at low or high prey availability, and under low or high habitat complexity. Great plasticity of H. guttulatus to all habitats was revealed, as habitat type did not significantly affect the capture success. Instead, capture success depends on prey identity and availability regardless of the habitat type, as well as on habitat complexity. Seahorse capture success was higher under high prey availability, as well as when predating on amphipods that were offered together with shrimps. High habitat complexity of both vegetated habitats enhanced by double the capture success, whereas an opposite effect of similar magnitude was found for more complex unvegetated habitats. This indicates that vegetation complexity, regardless their native or invasive nature, reduces prey awareness to predator, whereas small structures in unvegetated habitats provide refuge for preys but not seahorse camouflage. We found no evidence that shifts from native habitats to invasive C. prolifera negatively impact H. guttulatus capture success, but further research on other aspects of its feeding ecology is still necessary.},
}
@article {pmid40448375,
year = {2025},
author = {Gorbould, AF and Burnham, QF and Lohr, MT and Koenders, A},
title = {Detection of Vkorc1 single nucleotide polymorphisms indicates the presence of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in Australia's introduced rats[†].},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {9},
pages = {5827-5834},
pmid = {40448375},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Flick Anticimex/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Rodenticides/pharmacology ; *Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases/genetics/metabolism ; Rats/genetics ; Australia ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Anticoagulants/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance/genetics ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used globally to manage pest rodent populations. However, resistance to ARs in target rodent populations challenges pest control efforts and can increase risks to nontarget species. Resistance is frequently associated with nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the Vkorc1 gene, and this study carried out the first Vkorc1 survey of introduced rats on the Australian mainland.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified three species of introduced rat using the cytochrome b gene across Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney: Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1758) (Lineage I); Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769); and Rattus tanezumi (Temminck 1844) (Lineage II). Three nsSNPs were detected in the Vkorc1 gene: Tyr25Phe, Trp59Arg and Phe55Ile. The mutation Tyr25Phe, which is associated with resistance to ARs, was identified in 58 of 108 R.&#x2009;rattus (53.7%) and one of 31 R.&#x2009;tanezumi (3.2%). It has been suggested that the mutation Trp59Arg (detected in two R.&#x2009;rattus) can increase susceptibility to haemorrhage, whereas the mutation Phe55Ile (identified in only one R.&#x2009;rattus) has not been reported previously. No nsSNPs were identified in R.&#x2009;norvegicus.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This is the first update to the resistance status of introduced rats on the Australian mainland since the 1970s and the first to employ genetic screening. The widespread occurrence of Tyr25Phe in urbanized areas of Australia suggests potential resistance to ARs is common in R.&#x2009;rattus. However, practical resistance conferred by Tyr25Phe needs further investigation as does the role of hybridization in the transfer of resistance from the R.&#x2009;rattus to the R.&#x2009;tanezumi nuclear genome. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40448370,
year = {2025},
author = {Dudenhöffer, JH and Hulme, PE},
title = {Legacy of pine invasion disrupts plant-soil feedback of native and non-native grasses.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {247},
number = {4},
pages = {1887-1896},
pmid = {40448370},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {C04X2102//Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Pinus/physiology ; *Poaceae/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Soil ; Species Specificity ; *Feedback, Physiological ; },
abstract = {Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is a standing concept helping to explain plant species coexistence. Accumulating evidence suggests that PSF depends on the environmental context. One particularly impactful disruption of the environmental context is the invasion of alien species into a community. While PSF between native and non-native species has been linked to invasion success, the effect of an invader on PSF between resident plants has received little attention. We explored how Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) invasion impacts PSF between four resident grasses (two native and two non-native species). We grew the plants in live soil to condition species-specific soil communities, followed by a response phase where the plants were grown in conspecific and heterospecific soil. Both phases were performed with soil from uninvaded, invaded, or controlled invasion areas. Pairwise PSF between the species in uninvaded soil was negative and became neutral to positive in invaded soil. This effect persisted even after P. contorta removal. Our results suggest a destabilizing effect of P. contorta invasion on the coexistence of the resident grasses, benefitting non-natives over natives. This work exemplifies an overlooked mechanism by which an invader can alter interactions between resident species and adds a novel dimension to the context dependence of PSF.},
}
@article {pmid40447705,
year = {2025},
author = {Bradley, EA and Lockaby, BG and Madere, S and Brown, V and Steury, T},
title = {Large-scale assessment of the impacts of invasive wild pigs on water quality in freshwater streams.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {19055},
pmid = {40447705},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Water Quality ; *Introduced Species ; *Rivers/chemistry/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Swine ; Environmental Monitoring ; Animals, Wild ; *Fresh Water/microbiology ; *Sus scrofa ; Escherichia coli/isolation &amp; purification ; Water Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Highly competent hosts of zoonotic diseases of economic and epidemiological importance, the highly invasive species, Sus scrofa, has been identified as sources of non-point pollution in North America through small-scale studies of their fecal contamination in surface waters. Their fecal contamination alters natural physicochemical stream characteristics and increases concentrations of fecal bacteria. Providing one of the first-large scale assessments of their impacts, our study identified wild pigs as a source of non-point pollution on both a regional and multi-regional scale within our selected study state through microbial source tracking and traditional water quality assessment. At a multi-regional scale, we found greater median concentrations (mg/L) of nitrate (95.7%; p < 0.001), magnesium (83.3%; p < 0.001), and potassium (84.7%; p < 0.001) in samples from streams with fecal contamination by wild pigs (n = 111) than from streams without (n = 115). Like other non-point pollutants, the effects of wild pigs on water quality are scale-dependent and differ significantly across regions. Finally, at both a regional and multi-regional scale, our study found observably greater Escherichia coli and fecal coliform concentrations in streams with wild pigs, though statistical significance was lost at scale. Future research will be necessary to continue to evaluate the impacts of wild pigs on water quality, especially across different scales. Our findings support continued monitoring of impacts as the density and range of North American wild pig populations continue to increase.},
}
@article {pmid40446522,
year = {2025},
author = {Foster, R and Bass, D and Clark, PF and Morritt, D and Stebbing, P},
title = {Qualitative risk analysis of invasive pathogens spreading via raw water transfers in the UK.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {986},
number = {},
pages = {179746},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179746},
pmid = {40446522},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {United Kingdom ; Risk Assessment ; *Introduced Species ; *Water Microbiology ; Environmental Monitoring ; Water Supply ; Fresh Water/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Raw water transfers (RWT) are artificial movements of untreated water, often constructed from areas of high supply and low demand to areas of low supply and high demand for potable water, industry and irrigation, but also to meet environmental requirements, such as to maintain river flow. Increasing demands on water infrastructure coupled with climate change mean that the reliance of the water industry on RWT will increase significantly within the next decade. RWTs are recognised as a high-risk pathway for the spread of freshwater invasive non-native species (INNS), however the movement of invasive micro-organisms via RWT is yet to be explored. This study aims to qualitatively assess the risk of transfer and establishment of invasive pathogens as a result of RWTs. Using the Source-Pathway-Receptor-Consequence model, the pathways and processes involved in micro-organism movement due to RWT are mapped, and high and low risk scenarios with respect to pathogen spread via RWT are presented. The biological factors affecting the survival and persistence of pathogens are discussed, and how these interact with the physical parameters of RWT. We have highlighted potential freshwater diseases of importance to the UK and demonstrated their potential for transmission via RWT due to their to persistence within the environment. This risk analysis provides evidence that a more detailed study of pathogen interactions with RWT variables is required to enable quantitative risk assessments to be made, in anticipation of future legislative policy.},
}
@article {pmid40445978,
year = {2025},
author = {Kubo, K and Tachikawa, T and Hirose, M and Hasegawa, M and Inoue, E},
title = {Habitat use and abundance of an introduced population of the Japanese weasel (Mustela itatsi): Comparison with the native population.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {e0324200},
pmid = {40445978},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Japan ; Feces/chemistry ; *Mustelidae/physiology ; Islands ; Population Density ; },
abstract = {Understanding habitat use and abundance is essential for elucidating the impact of invasive species. Invasive carnivores affect ecosystems by preying on native animals. In Japan, the Japanese weasel (Mustela itatsi) is native to the mainland but has been intentionally introduced to many small islands, including Miyakejima Island. We investigated the habitat use and abundance of invasive non-native Japanese weasels on Miyakejima Island via fecal surveys, and for comparison, performed similar surveys for their native conspecifics on Izu-Oshima Island. We constructed a generalized linear mixed model and estimated fecal abundance across the entire island based on the effect of vegetation type on their abundance. On Miyakejima Island, deciduous broadleaf and bamboo forests had positive effects on weasel abundance, whereas grasslands had a negative effect. Conversely, on Izu-Oshima Island, bare ground had a negative effect. Further, the estimated average fecal abundance across Miyakejima and Izu-Ohshima Islands, considering vegetation type, were 7.44 and 4.89 feces samples per km, respectively, suggesting that weasels are well adapted to Miyakejima Island. We also analyzed the fecal DNA of weasels in a specific area on Miyakejima Island and estimated non-native weasel density at 20 individuals per km2 (95% CI: 4.9-80) using genetic capture-recapture methods in the area. These findings enhance understanding regarding non-native species and may facilitate the formulation of countermeasures for their control.},
}
@article {pmid40444352,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodenberg, CA and Walter, JA and Haynes, KJ},
title = {Evidence of Spatial Synchrony in the Spread of an Invasive Forest Pest.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {e70140},
pmid = {40444352},
issn = {1461-0248},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Moths/physiology ; Forests ; *Animal Distribution ; Climate ; Population Growth ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Because population growth is a key component of range expansion, spatial synchrony in population growth along a species' range edge may lead to spatial synchrony in range expansion. However, demographic stochasticity in low-density range-edge populations and stochastic long-distance dispersal may disrupt the synchronisation of range expansion. Here, we investigate whether rates of spread by an invasive species, the spongy moth and exhibit spatial synchrony. We also evaluate if climatic oscillations at multi-annual timescales arising from teleconnections synchronise spread at similar timescales. We applied extensions of wavelet analysis to spatiotemporal data on climate variables and range-edge abundances during 1990-2020. Synchrony in spread occurred throughout the entire study area, but only in the northernmost and southernmost ecoregions was synchrony in spread explained by multi-annual climate oscillations linked to teleconnection patterns. We demonstrate spatial synchrony in invasive spread and find an opportunity to predict the timing of pulses of invasive spread at regional scales.},
}
@article {pmid40443437,
year = {2025},
author = {Fan, L and Mi, C and Li, J and Zhang, Y and Zhang, H and Zhang, G and Wang, H},
title = {Projecting global shifts in the invasive potential of Bidens pilosa L. under climate change using species distribution models.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1580278},
pmid = {40443437},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Invasive species pose significant threats to ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, introducing new diseases, and competing with native species for resources. Bidens pilosa L., a globally invasive weed originating in tropical America, severely impacts agricultural productivity by infesting 31 economically vital crops across over 40 countries. This study examined the global distribution of Bidens pilosa L., under current and future climate scenarios. Using species distribution models and occurrence data, we identified key factors influencing its spread, including temperature, precipitation, and human influence. Our findings suggest a likely decline of suitable habitats in tropical regions and an expansion into temperate regions, with climate suitability decreasing under higher temperatures. Additionally, historical reconstructions emphasize that the rapid spread of the species was facilitated by maritime trade routes. Management strategies are proposed that emphasize the need for enhanced control measures in high-risk areas and conservation efforts in its native range in tropical America. Overall, this research contributes to understanding the dynamics of B. pilosa distribution and informs proactive management strategies to mitigate its ecological and economic impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40442474,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Tian, X and Wei, S and Meng, X and Chen, N and Shi, D and Liang, C},
title = {Effect of nanoparticles on the growth of okra cultivated in soil affected by rocky desertification.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {18930},
pmid = {40442474},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {QJJ-[2023]-024//program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; QJJ-[2023]-024//program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; QJJ-[2023]-024//program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; GCC&#x3014;2022&#x3015;009//The Sixth Batch of Guizhou Province High-level Innovative Talent Training Program/ ; GCC&#x3014;2022&#x3015;009//The Sixth Batch of Guizhou Province High-level Innovative Talent Training Program/ ; S2024109760212//Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training plan for college students in Guizhou Province in 2024/ ; S2024109760212//Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training plan for college students in Guizhou Province in 2024/ ; GCC[2023]071//The program of Excellent Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; GCC[2023]071//The program of Excellent Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil/chemistry ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Photosynthesis/drug effects ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Titanium/chemistry ; },
abstract = {This study investigated the influence of various nanoparticles (NPs), including carbon-based NPs, Al2O3-NPs, SiO2-NPs, and TiO2-NPs, on the growth and physiology of okra plants cultivated in soil impacted by rocky desertification. The morphological characteristics, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant capacity, nutrient uptake of the okra plants, and available nutrient content in the soil were evaluated. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the growth, photosynthetic properties, chlorophyll content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) in the okra plants treated with NPs compared to the control. Additionally, the NP-treated plants exhibited enhanced total nitrogen content, and hydrolysis nitrogen content in soil was also significantly increased, indicating improved nitrogen uptake. Notably, TiO2-NPs demonstrated the most pronounced effects on plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics, while TiO2-NPs and SiO2-NPs showed higher antioxidant enhancement compared to other NPs. These findings suggest the potential of nanoparticles as a promising agricultural solution to address challenges in regions like Guizhou Province, China.},
}
@article {pmid40442240,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, TS and Kim, WS and Kwak, IS},
title = {Underwater drone-based eDNA metabarcoding reveals regional differences in fish communities and early detection of alien species around the Korean Peninsula.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {18827},
pmid = {40442240},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {NRF-2018-R1A6A1A-03024314//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/genetics/classification ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *DNA, Environmental/genetics ; Biodiversity ; Republic of Korea ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Coastal ecosystems surrounding the Korean Peninsula are undergoing rapid environmental changes driven by global climate warming, highlighting the need for efficient methods to monitor marine biodiversity. This study aimed to analyze fish communities across four coastal regions: the East Sea, South Sea, West Sea, and Jeju using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. Underwater drones were employed to collect water samples. A total of 63 sampling sites were surveyed, detecting 167 fish species from 72 families, encompassing tropical, subtropical, temperate, boreal, polar, and deep-water taxa. The East Sea hosted a mix of cold- and warm-water species, while Jeju exhibited a relatively high proportion of tropical and subtropical fish. Additionally, 13 alien species were identified, underscoring the utility of eDNA for the early detection of non-native taxa expanding their ranges in response to ongoing warming trends. This study further validated that eDNA sampling using underwater drones offers a rapid, non-invasive approach to biodiversity assessments, effectively addressing many of the limitations associated with traditional survey techniques. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of eDNA to generate critical and timely data on fish assemblages the emergence of alien species, providing valuable insights to inform proactive resource management, and climate change research in marine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40442159,
year = {2025},
author = {Krzynówek, Z and Stępień-Zawal, E and Sotek, Z and Pakulnicka, J and Pilarczyk, B and Malinowska, K and Vukašinović-Pešić, V and Pešić, V and Filip, E and Bąkowska, M and Pilarczyk, R and Zawal, A},
title = {Selenium content and bioaccumulation in Bidens tripartita and Bidens frondosa under different habitat conditions in Poland and Montenegro.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {18901},
pmid = {40442159},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RID/SP/0045/2024/01//Minister of Science under the "Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027/ ; },
mesh = {Poland ; *Selenium/analysis/metabolism ; Montenegro ; *Ecosystem ; Soil/chemistry ; *Bidens/metabolism/chemistry ; Bioaccumulation ; Introduced Species ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis/metabolism ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {The subjects of this study were two congeneric species of the genus Bidens, the European native Bidens tripartita and the invasive Bidens frondosa. The aim of this research was to determine: (1) the selenium content of the specimens of these species and the soils in which they grew, (2) the role of habitat parameters in shaping selenium levels in the soil and the plants studied, and (3) the bioaccumulation potential of the plants studied, taking habitat conditions into account. Specimens of both species were collected from riverbanks in Poland and Montenegro, and the Se concentrations in each specimen and in the soil sample from each site were measured. Our studies indicate that the invasive species B. frondosa has significantly higher selenium concentrations and greater bioaccumulation abilities (BCF > 1) compared to B. tripartita. Despite the average selenium concentration in the soil being higher in Poland than in Montenegro, Se concentration accumulated in B. frondosa collected in Montenegro was higher, it was also observed that soil chemical properties affect Se bioaccumulation in this species. The type of land use within each site has also been identified according to CORINE classification. The results of the study indicated a great significance of human impact on the selenium enrichment of plants, as the specimen collected in artificial rivers and areas impacted by anthropogenic pression contained much higher amounts of Se than plants growing in more natural habitats. The results also illustrated that the invasive species that have the ability to accumulate selenium, like B. frondosa, can be an exogenous root of this particular trace element for living organizms.},
}
@article {pmid40442123,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, W and Li, C and Yang, R and Li, Y and Wu, B and Li, J},
title = {Haplotype resolved chromosome-level genome assembly of the gold barb (Barbodes semifasciolatus).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {902},
pmid = {40442123},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cyprinidae/genetics ; *Haplotypes ; *Genome ; *Chromosomes ; Zebrafish/genetics ; },
abstract = {The gold barb (Barbodes semifasciolatus), a member of the Cyprinidae family, exhibits remarkable adaptability to highly acidic environments, making it an ideal model for studying extreme environmental adaptation. However, its genome has not been previously characterized. To address this, we assembled a high-quality chromosome-scale genome for B. semifasciolatus using High-Fidelity (HiFi) sequencing and Hi-C technology. The resulting haplotype-resolved assemblies, spanning 776 Mb and 779 Mb across 25 chromosomes, achieved genome coverages of 99.5% and 99.7%, respectively, and included four gap-free chromosomes. Genome quality assessment using BUSCO indicated a high completeness score of 98.2% for haplotype1 and 98.3% for haplotype2, further validated by strong synteny with the zebrafish (Danio rerio), confirming the assembly's integrity and continuity. Through integration of full-length transcriptome data, RNA sequencing, and homology-based annotation, we identified 26,057 protein-coding genes with 2,087 pseudogenes in haplotype 2, and 25,622 protein-coding genes with 2,101 pseudogenes in haplotype 1. This high-resolution genome assembly is a crucial resource for advancing research in the Cyprinidae, particularly for understanding adaptive evolution in extreme environments.},
}
@article {pmid40442080,
year = {2025},
author = {Wei, J and Xue, J and Shen, X and Zhang, G and Zhao, Q and Lu, Y and Niu, M and Ji, W},
title = {Chromosome-level genome assembly of Paracoccus marginatus based on PacBio and Hi-C technologies.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {901},
pmid = {40442080},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome, Insect ; Genomics ; *Paracoccus/genetics ; },
abstract = {Invasive species pose a serious threat to ecosystems and biodiversity, leading to considerable economic losses for countries. The papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus), is a prominent invasive pest that affects over 200 plant species and has been recorded in more than 60 countries and regions.Here, the chromosome-level genome of P. marginatus was assembled using PacBio and Hi-C technologies. The resulting genome, with a total size of 213.81 Mb, was organized into four chromosomes. The contig and scaffold N50 values were 20.2 Mb and 48.01 Mb, respectively. The genome assembly attained a BUSCO completeness score of 95.5%, and CEGMA analysis showed that 99.56% of the genome was thoroughly annotated. It includes 13,367 predicted protein-coding genes, with 49.26% of the assembly identified as repetitive sequences. This high-quality genome serves as a valuable resource for a range of research fields, such as population genetics, evolutionary studies, invasive species management, and comparative genomics within Hemiptera and other insect groups.},
}
@article {pmid40441411,
year = {2025},
author = {Demann, F and Buschbaum, C and Bock, C and Guillou, G and Lebreton, B and Lannig, G and Molis, M and Wegner, KM},
title = {Physiological costs of infection by the invasive parasitic copepod Mytilicola intestinalis accumulate across temporal scales in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {212},
number = {},
pages = {108374},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108374},
pmid = {40441411},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mytilus edulis/parasitology/physiology ; *Copepoda/physiology ; *Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Exploitation of host resources by parasites can have profound impacts on infected hosts. When prevalence is high parasite infection can even feed back on host population dynamics. Especially when parasites are invasive species, their new native hosts can suffer from exploitation due to a lack of co-evolutionary history. Nevertheless, energetic costs are often subtle at the level of the individual and hard to link to population level effects. Sublethal energetic costs accumulate over time and can in sum be traded off against fitness over longer time scales. To study temporal accumulation of infection costs, we used a series of controlled infection experiments to assess the physiological effects exerted by the invasive parasitic copepod Mytilicola intestinalis on its newly acquired native host, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis in the North Sea, where the parasite can reach prevalences > 70 %. To link short-term physiological responses to long term components of fitness, we combined several methodological approaches measuring changes of physiological traits that act on different time scales. Stable isotope analyses over different seasons and environments revealed a direct consumption of host tissue by M. intestinalis. Tissue repair increased energy demand that could directly be observed in accelerated heartbeat rates, and changes of amino acid metabolism measured by [1]H NMR spectroscopy. Although these effects were comparatively small in size, the resulting altered energy budget of the mussel host led to a lower body condition index under controlled laboratory conditions on medium time scales (months) and slower growth in the field over longer time scales (1 year). In combination, our experimental results show that small short-term physiological changes can translate to fitness relevant negative effects on life history traits when integrated across temporal scales.},
}
@article {pmid40441127,
year = {2025},
author = {Ge, B and Wang, W and Wang, S and Jia, P and Sun, X and Li, H and Yang, L},
title = {Shift in the distribution of native species Littoraria intermedia in response to Spartina alterniflora invasion.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {209},
number = {},
pages = {107235},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107235},
pmid = {40441127},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Poaceae/physiology ; China ; *Gastropoda/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Seasons ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {The progression of Spartina alterniflora invasion profoundly reshapes coastal ecosystems, yet the impacts of its invasion stage-specific on native species remain understudied. The field investigation along China's Yellow Sea coast was conducted to examine how invasion stages (initial to senescing) and seasons jointly drove population dynamics of the native gastropod Littoraria intermedia. Through systematic sampling of 160 quadrats across four seasons, we quantified density shifts of L. intermedia, environmental properties, and spatial aggregation patterns using Morisita's index. The results revealed a nonlinear density response that L. intermedia peaked at 15.9 ± 4.48 ind/m[2] in autumn of the mature invasion stage, but declined in winter and spring across all stages. Invasion-induced environmental shifts exhibited stage dependency; sediment organic matter increased by 203 % (5.70 ± 0.11 to 17.31 ± 0.63 g/kg) while Chlorophyll a decreased 40 % (2.90 ± 1.19 to 1.74 ± 0.96 μg/g) from initial to senescing stages. The effects of season and invasion stage on L. intermedia density indicated that the highest density was observed in summer of the mature invasion stage of S. alterniflora. According to the Morisita index analysis, L. intermedia exhibited an aggregated distribution pattern overall; however, the spatial distribution showed a tendency toward random dispersion at both the initial and senescing invasion stages. S. alterniflora stem density and vegetation coverage were identified as primary drivers on the density of L. intermedia through stepwise regression. These findings demonstrated a "facilitation-suppression" paradox: dense S. alterniflora initially enhanced L. intermedia survival via predator refuge and microhabitat stability, yet prolonged invasion degrades habitat suitability through sediment compaction and food resource depletion.},
}
@article {pmid40440935,
year = {2025},
author = {Raheem, A and Iqbal, B and Wang, Y and Lou, J and Tang, Y and Li, J and Zhang, Q and Xu, S and Dai, Z and Zheng, X and Ren, G and Li, G and Du, D},
title = {Concurrent alien plant invasion and biodiversity loss enhance soil microbial carbon use efficiency by shifting the balance between microbial carbon and nitrogen acquisition.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {388},
number = {},
pages = {125819},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125819},
pmid = {40440935},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; *Carbon/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Biodiversity ; Soil/chemistry ; Solidago ; },
abstract = {The proliferation of invasive alien plants (IAPs), coupled with the decline in native biodiversity, poses a significant threat to global ecological stability. These processes disrupt native plant communities and trigger cascading effects on vital soil functions, such as carbon cycling. While IAPs are known to alter soil properties, the mechanisms driving these changes, particularly in the context of simultaneous biodiversity loss, remain poorly understood. This pot-based study simulated the reduction in native plant biodiversity caused by Solidago canadensis L. invasion, a highly aggressive IAP, to explore its impact on soil microbial resource acquisition strategies and carbon use efficiency (CUE). Four treatments were established: early invasion with high native plant diversity, moderate invasion with moderate diversity, high invasion with low diversity, and complete invasion with no native diversity. The soil microbial nutrient acquisition strategies and CUE were analyzed using eco-enzymatic stoichiometry within the frameworks of ecological stoichiometry and metabolic ecology theories. Our results revealed a significant depletion of inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen in high invasion with low diversity treatment soils (p < 0.05), leading to nitrogen limitation. Microbial nutrient acquisition strategies shifted toward nitrogen prioritization with increasing S. canadensis invasion, reflected by reduced eco-enzymatic carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry. CUE increased significantly along the S. canadensis invasion gradient, rising by 55.7%-63.5% (p < 0.05), driven by shifts in microbial nutrient acquisition strategies. These findings demonstrate that S. canadensis invasion-induced biodiversity loss disrupts nutrient dynamics and enhances CUE, potentially accelerating soil fertility degradation and ecosystem instability.},
}
@article {pmid40439603,
year = {2025},
author = {Dehling, DM and Lai, HR and Stouffer, DB},
title = {Eltonian Niche Modelling: Applying Joint Hierarchical Niche Models to Ecological Networks.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {e70120},
pmid = {40439603},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {SR200100005//Australian Research Council SRIEAS Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future/ ; MFP-UOC2102//Marsden Fund/ ; },
mesh = {*Models, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; Animals ; },
abstract = {There is currently a dichotomy in the modelling of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches. Despite similar underlying data, Grinnellian niches are modelled with species-distribution models (SDMs), whereas Eltonian niches are modelled with ecological-network analysis, mainly because the sparsity of species-interaction data prevents the application of SDMs to Eltonian-niche modelling. Here, we propose to adapt recently developed joint species distribution models (JSDMs) to data on ecological networks, functional traits, and phylogenies to model species' Eltonian niches. JSDMs overcome sparsity and improve predictions for individual species by considering non-independent relationships among co-occurring species; this unique ability makes them particularly suited for sparse datasets such as ecological networks. Our Eltonian JSDMs reveal strong relationships between species' Eltonian niches and their functional traits and phylogeny. Moreover, we demonstrate that JSDMs can accurately predict the interactions of species for which no empirical interaction data are available, based solely on their functional traits. This facilitates prediction of new interactions in communities with altered composition, for example, following climate-change induced local extinctions or species introductions. The high interpretability of Eltonian JSDMs will provide unique insights into mechanisms underlying species interactions and the potential impacts of environmental changes and invasive species on species interactions in ecological communities.},
}
@article {pmid40438522,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, XY and Lu, YZ and He, L and Song, DD and Ma, J},
title = {Two new species of Neohelicosporium (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) from freshwater and terrestrial habitats in China.},
journal = {MycoKeys},
volume = {118},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
pmid = {40438522},
issn = {1314-4049},
abstract = {Neohelicosporium species are a group of helicosporous hyphomycetes with the potential to produce novel bioactive natural compounds. During our investigation on helicosporous hyphomycetes, six isolates were collected from freshwater and terrestrial habitats in the tropical and subtropical regions of southern China. Based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (LSU-ITS-tef1-α-rpb2) and morphological comparisons of Neohelicosporium taxa, two new species (N.guizhouense and N.wuzhishanense) are introduced. Detailed micro-morphological descriptions, illustrations, and DNA molecular data are provided for the newly introduced species to confirm their taxonomic placements.},
}
@article {pmid40434301,
year = {2025},
author = {Cauldron, NC and Daniels, HA and LeBoldus, JM and Grünwald, NJ},
title = {Population Genomic Analysis of Two Independent Clonal Invasions of the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen into One Forest.},
journal = {Phytopathology},
volume = {115},
number = {10},
pages = {1382-1391},
doi = {10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0329-FI},
pmid = {40434301},
issn = {0031-949X},
mesh = {*Plant Diseases/microbiology/parasitology ; *Phytophthora/genetics/physiology ; *Quercus/microbiology ; Forests ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genetic Variation ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; },
abstract = {Upon introduction, clonal pathogen populations are expected to go through a genetic bottleneck followed by gradual clonal divergence. Two distinct and purely clonal lineages of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum recently emerged in forests in the Western United States, providing the unique opportunity to study a naturally replicated invasion into the same ecosystem. We characterized population genomic patterns during early invasion using whole-genome sequencing of two P. ramorum clonal lineages sampled in the first 5 years following their detection. We re-sequenced genomes from populations of two dominant clonal lineages, NA1 (n = 134; 2001 to 2005) and EU1 (n = 160; 2015 to 2019), and obtained 106,070 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genic regions. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of one introduction for each lineage. The NA1 population had a wider distribution of pairwise genetic distances than EU1 and higher genetic diversity, though neither NA1 nor EU1 populations clustered clearly by year. There was significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance for NA1 (P = 0.042), but not for EU1 (P = 0.402). The genetic diversity in NA1 is strongly driven by loss of heterozygous positions, which impacted more than one-third of the sampled NA1 population. However, loss of heterozygosity was rare in EU1. This work provides novel insights into the invasion biology and dynamics of clonal plant pathogens in natural ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40433775,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, J and Lv, W and Ji, W and Wang, R and Luo, M and Fu, B},
title = {A novel gliding filamentous bacterium Herpetosiphon tianshanensis sp. nov. NSE202 is a promising biocontrol agent for fire blight.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {9},
pages = {5796-5812},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8933},
pmid = {40433775},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {2024B04030//Autonomous region Key R&amp;D Program of Xinjiang, China/ ; 202310758001//National Undergraduate Student Innovation Project, China/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Erwinia amylovora/physiology ; *Biological Control Agents ; Pyrus/microbiology ; China ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics/analysis ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), a devastating bacterial disease, has posed significant challenges to apple and pear production for more than a century. In recent years, the spread of fire blight to China via Xinjiang has heightened concerns among planters and government authorities, particularly given the region's distinct geography and climate, underscoring the urgent need for innovative biocontrol strategies.<br><br>RESULTS: This study introduced a predatory bacterium, Herpetosiphon tianshanensis sp. nov. NSE202, isolated from natural forest soil in Xinjiang, China, that could be a new type of promising biological control agent for the management of fire blight. Strain NSE202 differs from the five other reported Herpetosiphon species in terms of its physiological characteristics and genomic composition. Using morphological, 16S ribosomal RNA gene and whole-genome analysis, the NSE202 strain was assigned to H. tianshanensis sp. nov. Strain NSE202 demonstrated strong predatory capability against Erwinia amylovora (Ea) in vitro. The biocontrol capacity of NSE202 was assayed on isolated inflorescences of fragrant pear and biennial potted pear seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The protective control efficacy of NSE202 was 64.8% in the inflorescences assay. Bacterial spraying of NSE202 significantly reduced the incidence and disease index on pear seedlings with protective and therapeutic control efficacies of 71.9% and 61.5%, respectively. Strain NSE202 demonstrated stable colonization on pear blossoms and twigs under greenhouse conditions. The pathogen population was suppressed significantly in planta treated with NSE202, as shown by colony counts on plates, scanning electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Further investigation demonstrated that secondary metabolites of strain NSE202, collected via macroporous resin, and extracellular proteins, precipitated using ammonium sulfate, had pronounced lytic activity against the fire blight pathogen. In addition, certain lipases, glycoside hydrolases, and peptidases secreted by strain NSE202 may contribute significantly to the predation process. These findings suggest that such components may serve as promising biocontrol factors.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The discovery of H. tianshanensis sp. nov. NSE202 provides a new and promising strategy for combating fire blight. The isolates' multiple capacities to colonize and exert antagonistic effects against Erwinia amylovora makes them highly promising candidates for an integrated biological solution. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40431110,
year = {2025},
author = {Luo, X and Shen, S and Liao, K and Li, S and Pan, Q and Ma, J and Li, W and Yang, X},
title = {Invasion Status, Mechanisms, and Future Distribution Prediction of Solidago canadensis in the Trade Port Region: A Case Study of Ningbo Port, China.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {40431110},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2023Z146, 2024Z249, 2024Z262//the Key Technology Breakthrough Plan Project of Science and Innovation Yongjiang 2035/ ; 42371027//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Trade ports are the first places where alien species invade and the source of their spread to other areas. Controlling invasions in these regions can effectively reduce invasion pressure and disrupt the spread pathways of invasive species, thereby significantly reducing their threat to local ecosystems and biodiversity loss. Based on 595 field survey plots, the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Species Distribution Model (MaxEnt) were employed to analyze and predict the invasion mechanisms and future possible distribution of Solidago canadensis in the Ningbo Port, China. The results indicate that the invasion of S. canadensis in the Ningbo Port was particularly severe, with a 67.7% occurrence rate of all sampling plots in the field survey, and a risk level classified as Grade 1. Biodiversity (p < 0.001) and the minimum temperature of the coldest month (p < 0.01) significantly affect the invasiveness. Highly diverse communities could resist the invasion of alien species, which support Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis. Low temperatures had a restrictive effect on the invasion of S. canadensis. The total suitable area continued to expand under three different climate change scenarios compared to current conditions (increased by 3.73%, 5.67%, and 3.74% by the 2070s). The total potential habitat area of S. canadensis reached its maximum extent (89.77%) under the medium greenhouse gas emission scenario in the 2050s. Meanwhile, the medium suitable area exhibited the greatest fluctuation among the three climate scenarios. Under the low emission condition, the medium suitable area of S. canadensis diminished by 63.10 km[2], but in the medium and high emission condition, its area expanded by 91.13 km[2] and 16.20 km[2], respectively. Under future climate warming scenarios, the invasion risk of S. canadensis in Ningbo Port will continue to increase. The results of our study reveal the diffusion mechanisms of invasive plants at the colonization source, providing important theoretical support for invasive alien species' initial prevention and control.},
}
@article {pmid40431082,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammed, S and Mummenhoff, K},
title = {More than Just a Shell: Indehiscent Fruits Drive Drought-Tolerant Germination in Invasive Lepidium Species.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {40431082},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {DFG (MU 1137/8-2)//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to K.M./ ; n/a//Georg F&#xf6;rster Postdoctoral Research Grant (Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung) to S.M./ ; },
abstract = {This study aims to assess the drought stress tolerance of germinating seeds of the invasive indehiscent fruit-producing Lepidium species, specifically Lepidium appelianum, Lepidium draba, and the invasive dehiscent fruit-producing L. campestre. Drought stress tolerance experiments were conducted using various concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) following standard protocols. The results revealed that seeds/fruits of L. appelianum and L. draba exhibited significantly higher drought stress tolerance compared to seeds of L. campestre. Fresh seeds and fruits of L. appelianum were capable of germinating under various drought stress treatments, while fresh and after-ripened seeds and fruits of L. draba germinated in every condition except for -0.8 MPa. Conversely, L. campestre fresh seeds did not germinate under the most severe drought stress conditions (-0.6 and -0.8 MPa). It is crucial to note that fresh fruits of L. draba displayed pericarp-mediated chemical dormancy, while fresh seeds of L. campestre demonstrated physiological dormancy. However, fresh seeds and fruits of L. appelianum did not exhibit any dormancy. This study suggests that germinating seeds and fruits of L. appelianum demonstrate the strongest tolerance to drought stress, while L. draba exhibits moderate tolerance. On the contrary, L. campestre seeds display the least tolerance to drought stress. The differences in drought stress tolerance among the studied Lepidium species reflect the climatic facets in their native distribution areas. Given the potential high invasiveness associated with the drought stress tolerance of L. appelianum and L. draba, it is imperative to develop special control strategies to manage these invasive species in the face of future climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40431075,
year = {2025},
author = {Javed, Q and Bouhadi, M and Ban, SG and Ban, D and Heath, D and Iqbal, B and Sun, J and Černe, M},
title = {Smart Chip Technology for the Control and Management of Invasive Plant Species: A Review.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {40431075},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {HRZZ- IPS-2022-02-2099//Croatian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species threaten biodiversity, disrupt ecosystems, and are costly to manage. Standard control methods, such as mechanical and chemical (herbicides), are usually ineffective and time-consuming and negatively affect the environment, especially in the latter case. This review explores the potential of smart chip technology (SCT) as a sustainable, precision approach tool for invasive species management. Integrating microchip sensors with artificial intelligence (AI) into the Internet of Things (IoT) and remote sensing technology allows for real-time monitoring, predictive modelling, and focused action, significantly improving management effectiveness. As one of many examples discussed herein, AI-driven decision-making systems can process real-time data from IoT-enabled environmental sensors to optimize invasive species detection. Smart chip technology also offers real-time monitoring of invasive species' life processes, spread, and environmental effects, enabling artificial intelligence-powered eco-friendly control strategies that minimize herbicide usage and lessen collateral ecosystem damage. Despite the potential of SCT, challenges remain, including cost, biodegradability, and regulatory constraints. However, recent advances in biodegradable electronics and AI-driven automation offer promising solutions to many identified obstacles. Future research should focus on scalable deployment, improved predictive analytics, and interdisciplinary collaboration to drive innovation. Using SCT can help make invasive species control more sustainable while supporting biodiversity and strengthening agricultural systems.},
}
@article {pmid40429219,
year = {2025},
author = {Ombuya, A and Guo, J and Liu, W},
title = {Insect Mating Behaviors: A Review of the Regulatory Role of Neuropeptides.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40429219},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {Grant No. 2024YFC2607600//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; XZ202401ZY0001//The Key R&amp;D Project of Tibet Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {Insect mating behaviors are complex, diverse, and primarily regulated by neuropeptides and their receptors. Neuropeptides are peptide signaling molecules mainly secreted by insects' central nervous system (CNS) to reach target organs. A substantial body of research on the role of neuropeptides in regulating mating behaviors in insects has been undertaken. This review aims to (1) synthesize existing knowledge on insect mating behaviors, (2) elucidate the neuropeptidergic mechanisms governing these behaviors, and (3) identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions. The mating process, covering mate attraction, courtship rituals, copulation, and post-mating behaviors, was elucidated with appropriate examples. Additionally, specific neuropeptides involved at each stage of the mating process, their functions, and mechanistic aspects were discussed as demonstrated in research. The review highlights that insects display behavioral dimorphism in the mating process driven by a complex underlying neuropeptidergic mechanism. While previous publications have generally addressed the role of neuropeptides in insect behavior, none has intensively and methodically examined their role in mating behaviors. In this review, we synthesized 18 neuropeptides that we found to regulate mating behaviors in insects. We note that some of the neuropeptides are malfunctional in their regulatory roles, while others are specific. We also note that these neuropeptides execute their regulatory functions through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway but may take different routes and messengers downstream to effect behavioral change. Neuropeptides also interact with other regulatory systems, such as the endocrine system, to discharge their functions. Given their significance in mediating mating and reproduction, targeted manipulation of the signaling system of neuropeptides could serve as viable targets in the production of ecologically friendly pest management tools. Tools that could disrupt the mating process would be applied in crop production systems to reduce the population pressure of destructive pests, consequently reducing the urge to use chemical pesticides that are ecologically unfriendly. Our findings not only advance the understanding of neuropeptide-mediated mating regulation but also highlight their potential as eco-friendly pest control targets.},
}
@article {pmid40429186,
year = {2025},
author = {Kandori, I and Ogata, Y and Yokoi, T},
title = {Nesting Preferences of Osmia orientalis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the Field and Its Potential as a Strawberry Pollinator in Greenhouses.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40429186},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The western honeybee, Apis mellifera, is used worldwide as a pollinator of crops such as strawberries; however, it is an introduced species in Japan. The mason bee, Osmia orientalis Benoist (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), is native to Japan, where it nests in empty snail shells and has potential as a crop pollinator. We conducted three experiments to collect information on the nesting habits and potential agricultural use of this species as a pollinator of greenhouse-grown strawberries. Our first experiment investigated the bees' nesting preferences in the field by placing the empty shells of four snail species, Euhadra amaliae, Satsuma japonica, Sinotaia quadrata histrica, and Helix lucorum, in six different environments. The nesting rate was significantly higher in medium-sized, empty E. amaliae shells. Regarding the surrounding environment, O. orientalis preferred tall and short grasslands to bare ground and forest interiors. Our second experiment investigated per-visit strawberry flower pollination efficiency. The results indicated that the efficiency of O. orientalis was equal to or greater than that of A. mellifera. In our third experiment, as a replacement for empty snail shells, which are scarce natural sources, four types of plastic artificial shells were created and placed inside a greenhouse together with E. amaliae shells. The nesting rates in three types of artificial shells were nearly identical to those in E. amaliae shells, implying that these artificial shells may be effective nesting materials. Although many questions remain before practical application, our results indicate the potential for using O. orientalis as a pollinator of greenhouse-grown strawberries.},
}
@article {pmid40429156,
year = {2025},
author = {Pemberton, RW},
title = {Explosive Growth of the Jorō Spider (Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch): Araneae: Araneidae) and Concurrent Decline of Native Orbweaving Spiders in Atlanta, Georgia Forests at the Forefront of the Jorō Spider's Invasive Spread.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40429156},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The Jorō spider (Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch): Araneae: Araneidae), an invasive species from Asia, and native orbweaving spiders were censused at 25 forest sites in the Atlanta, Georgia, region at the forefront of the Jorō spider's spread from 2022 through 2024. The Jorō spider was found in all 25 sites in all three years, doubling in abundance each year. In 2022, the number of Jorō spiders found was 444 or 16.34 per hour of census. This doubled in 2023 to 859 or 30.54 per hour. The Jorō numbers doubled again in 2024 to 1713 or 59.14 per hour. This contrasts markedly with the seven species of native orbweavers found during the censuses, which declined by ca. 40% each year. In 2022, 52 or 1.72 individuals per hour of six native orbweaver species were found at 18 sites. In 2023, the number dropped to 32 or 1.06 individuals per hour of six species found at 11 sites. In 2024, the number further declined to 18 or 0.55 individuals of six species found at eight sites. The Jorō spider's spread and rapid increase in abundance may disrupt trophic networks and negatively influence the abundance of both native orbweavers and flying insect species.},
}
@article {pmid40427740,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, C and Zhou, Y and Wang, C and Pan, X and Wang, Y and Qi, X and Wan, F},
title = {Research on the Economic Loss Model of Invasive Alien Species Based on Multidimensional Data Spatialization-A Case Study of Economic Losses Caused by Hyphantria cunea in Jiangsu Province.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40427740},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2023YFC2605200//National Key Research and Development Program Project/ ; GD22XYJ32//Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project/ ; },
abstract = {IAS imposes significant impacts on native ecosystems and economies. Current assessment methods for economic losses predominantly rely on habitat suitability estimation and database extrapolation, often lacking integration of causal inference and dynamic spatial drivers. H. cunea, a pervasive invasive pest in Jiangsu Province, China, exemplifies this challenge through its rapid spread and multi-sector economic impacts. To address these limitations, we innovatively integrated three models: (1) Difference-in-Differences (DID) quantified causal economic impacts through spatiotemporal comparison of infested/non-infested areas; (2) GeoDetector identified key spatial drivers via stratified heterogeneity analysis; (3) MaxEnt projected ecological suitability under climate scenarios. The synergy enabled dynamic loss attribution: GeoDetector optimized DID's variable selection, while MaxEnt constrained loss extrapolation to ecologically plausible zones, achieving multi-scale causal-spatial-climate integration absent in conventional approaches. In Jiangsu Province, H. cunea caused CNY 89.2 million in primary sector losses in 2022, with forestry disproportionately impacted, accounting for 58.3% of the total losses. The DID model revealed nonlinear temporal impacts indicating a loss of 0.163 forestry per 30 m[2] grid, while MaxEnt projected 22% habitat contraction under the SSP5-8.5 scenario by 2060, which corresponds to climate-adjusted losses of CNY 147 million. Spatial prioritization identified northern Jiangsu (e.g., Xuzhou, Lianyungang) as high-risk zones requiring immediate intervention. The framework enables spatially explicit prioritization of containment efforts-grids identified as high-risk necessitate a tripling of funding in comparison to low-risk areas. And SSP-specific loss projections support dynamic budget planning under climate uncertainty. By integrating causal attribution, ecological realism, and climate resilience, this model transforms IAS management from reactive firefighting to proactive, data-driven governance. It provides a replicable toolkit for balancing ecological preservation and economic stability in the Anthropocene.},
}
@article {pmid40427360,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, Y and Hong, J and Song, Y and Yue, K and Chen, M and Wu, J and Ou, Y and Liang, M and Lu, Y},
title = {Seasonal Dynamics of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Colony Structures Across Camellia oleifera Plantations and Fishponds in South China.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {40427360},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2021YFD1000500//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2023YFN0030//Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology in Sichuan Province/ ; 2023TX07A017//Guangdong Special Support Program-Leading Talents in Science and Technology Innovation/ ; 202405AF140082//Science and Technology Talent and Platform Project of Yunnan (Academician and Expert Workstation)/ ; 2025B04J0001//Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou: 2025B04J0001./ ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, RIFA) is a globally invasive species with strong sensitivity to environmental conditions. This study investigated the seasonal dynamics and colony structure of RIFA over the course of one year across two typical habitats in South China: Camellia oleifera plantations and fishponds. The results revealed clear seasonal patterns in caste composition. Worker abundance peaked during winter (December-January), while reproductive individuals (queens, males, and alates) emerged primarily in spring and early summer (March-May). Colony biomass, worker number, and individual dry weight were significantly higher in C. oleifera plantations, whereas fishpond habitats exhibited greater numbers of larvae and male alates, suggesting different reproductive allocation strategies across habitats. An analysis of caste composition indicated that adult workers were dominant in both habitats, but the proportion of pupae was notably higher in fishpond colonies, especially in spring. Significant correlations were found between colony metrics and nest characteristics, including a negative relationship between worker body length and colony biomass. Environmental factor analysis showed that air pressure positively influenced worker numbers, while temperature was negatively associated with them. Precipitation and humidity played key roles in regulating larval and pupal populations. Overall, RIFA exhibited strong seasonal patterns and ecological plasticity in response to habitat differences and environmental variables. These findings provide insights into the species' invasion biology and inform habitat-specific monitoring and management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40427297,
year = {2025},
author = {Huelbes, S and Gómez, M and Martínez, I and Triay-Portella, R and González-Pleiter, M and Herrera, A},
title = {Microplastics in Cronius ruber: Links to Wastewater Discharges.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {40427297},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {(ProID2024010013//Gobierno de Canarias/ ; FPI2024010075//Agencia Canaria de Investigaci&#xf3;n, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Sociedad de la Informaci&#xf3;n (ACIISI)/ ; //Fondo Europeo Social Plus (FSE+) Programa Operativo integrado en Canarias 2021&#x2013;2027/ ; },
abstract = {Microplastic pollution in the ocean is a growing problem. It affects the entire ecosystem and, therefore, the species that inhabit it. Plastics can be filtered or ingested by organisms, entering and negatively affecting individuals. Among the populations affected are crustaceans. In previous studies, fibers have been found mainly in the stomach contents of these animals, although other types, such as pellets, have also been found. This study examines the presence of microplastics in Cronius ruber, an invasive crab species in the Canary Islands, and investigates their potential links to nearby wastewater discharges. A total of 63 crabs were sampled from four beaches in Gran Canaria in 2021, and their stomach contents were analyzed through alkaline digestion, filtration, and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR). Microplastics were detected in 52% of individuals; the particles averaged 0.7 ± 0.5 mm in length, with an average of 1.73 ± 1.02 particles per crab. Fibers constituted 89% of the microplastics, with blue and black being the predominant colors. Rayon, commonly used in textiles, was the most frequently identified polymer (52%), highlighting the role of wastewater from laundry processes as a significant pollution source. Beaches close to unauthorized wastewater discharges, such as Anfi del Mar (n = 3) and El Puertillo (n = 32), showed the highest contamination levels, with a frequency of occurrence (FO) of microplastic particles of 67% and 58%, respectively. Playa de Las Nieves was the one with the lowest contamination level (n = 22), with a frequency of occurrence of microplastic particles of 41%. This is the first study to document microplastic ingestion in C. ruber, raising concerns about its ecological presence and the potential bioaccumulation of contaminants in marine ecosystems. Further research is essential to understand the long-term consequences of microplastic exposure on invasive species and their possible roles in pollutant transfer through food webs.},
}
@article {pmid40426023,
year = {2025},
author = {Fajardo, A and Reyes-Bahamonde, C and Fontúrbel, FE and Piper, FI and Callaway, RM},
title = {Shining a new light on parasitic plants: resistance to invasion.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {247},
number = {2},
pages = {470-476},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70203},
pmid = {40426023},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {1231025//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 3240649//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 1250935//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; NCN2021-050//Millenium Science Initiative Program/ ; FB210006//ANID PIA/BASAL/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Loranthaceae/physiology ; },
abstract = {Parasitic plants, those that directly acquire resources from other plants, are distributed across all biomes on earth. They can be restricted to a single host, or they can be generalists, but with preferences. Tristerix corymbosus (Loranthaceae) is a native generalist hemiparasite in Chile but infests many nonnative tree species and appears to suppress them more than its native hosts, indicating its potential to provide substantial ecological resistance. These patterns suggest the novel phenomenon of native hemiparasite host switching from slow-growing native hosts to fast-growing nonnatives, which may provide substantial biotic resistance to invasion, but they also have fascinating ecological, physiological, and evolutionary implications. For example, resistance to invasion contrasts with traditional views of parasitic plants as forest plagues. Instead, Tristerix may function in invaded forests as a keystone species with negative direct effects on invaders and positive indirect interactions with natives. The negative effects of Tristerix on nonnative species provide a more complete understanding of the various roles native parasitic plants can have in resistance to invasion.},
}
@article {pmid40424899,
year = {2025},
author = {Clubley, CH and Knights, AM and Allen, J and Bilton, DT and Foggo, A and Hanley, ME and Murphy, J and Wood, LE and Firth, LB},
title = {Scaling up eco-engineering: The role of topographic complexity and spatial variability in shaping biodiversity on coastal structures.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {985},
number = {},
pages = {179738},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179738},
pmid = {40424899},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {In response to the depauperate biodiversity often associated with the largely homogenous surfaces of artificial structures, ecological (eco-) engineering has emerged as a tool to introduce topographic complexity to coastal development. Although relatively small-scale studies using topographically complex panels and artificial rockpools are commonplace, determining how the configuration of these interventions works over greater and more realistic spatial scales has received comparatively little attention. Given the importance of spatial variability in habitat complexity for shaping community composition and, therefore, regional diversity, filling this knowledge gap is key to enhancing the 'design catalogue' for future eco-engineering installations. Here, we manipulated topographic complexity using individual concrete panels placed into larger arrays to generate two different spatial configurations, and in doing so explore the potentially interactive roles of small-scale panel complexity and larger-scale variability on biodiversity. More topographically complex panels supported greater taxon richness and abundance than low complexity panels, whilst the complexity of the panels in interaction with their spatial arrangement within larger arrays influenced community composition between treatment groups. Our results corroborate studies showing how small-scale variation in surface topography benefits biodiversity, but we also demonstrate that spatial variability in how this complexity is deployed over larger areas impacts community composition. These effects were especially evident for the invasive non-native species that frequently colonise and dominate newly engineered coastal structures, often at the expense of natives. Given the ongoing expansion of coastal infrastructure, studies such as this that explore means of 'scaling up' eco-engineering to better represent the inherent spatial variability of natural habitats are essential to achieving biodiversity comparable to, and potentially greater than, these habitats.},
}
@article {pmid40424232,
year = {2025},
author = {Gangloff, EJ and Bishop, AP and Head, A and Pauly, GB and Perry, C and Vaughn, PL and Winchell, KM and Brock, KM},
title = {Sex-specific Morphological Shifts Across Space and Time in Replicate Urban Wall Lizard Introductions.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {65},
number = {2},
pages = {261-275},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icaf060},
pmid = {40424232},
issn = {1557-7023},
support = {2217826//National Science Foundation/ ; 2109710//National Science Foundation/ ; //Environmental Science, Policy, and Management Summer Research/ ; JEB-KS8//Company of Biologists/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; Female ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; Phenotype ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {As species move into new environments through founder events, their phenotypes may diverge from native populations. Identifying the drivers underlying such variation, and the constraints on the adaptive potential of this variation, is essential for understanding how organisms respond to new or rapidly changing habitats. Such phenotypic divergence may be especially evident in populations introduced to new environments via human-assisted transport or populations in dramatically altered environments such as cities. Sexually dimorphic species beg the additional questions of how these new environments may influence sexes differently and how dimorphism may shape the range of potential responses. The repeated translocation, establishment, and spread of wall lizards (Podarcis spp.) from native European populations to new locations in North America provide an excellent natural experiment to explore how phenotypes may differ after establishment in a new environment. Here, we quantify body shape and the multivariate morphological phenotype (incorporating limb dimensions and head length) of common wall lizards (P. muralis) and Italian wall lizards (P. siculus) in replicated North American introductions. In both species, males are larger and have larger head length and limb dimensions than females across all sampled groups. Sexual dimorphism in the multivariate morphological phenotype was of similar magnitude when comparing native and introduced populations for both species, though the trajectory angles in multivariate trait space differed in P. siculus. When comparing introduced lizards from contemporary and historically collected museum specimens, we identified differences of similar magnitude but in different trajectories between sexes in P. siculus, and differences in both magnitude and direction of sexual dimorphism in P. muralis. These idiosyncratic patterns in phenotypic trajectories provide insight to the potential array of processes generating phenotypic variation within species at the intersection of invasion biology and urban evolution.},
}
@article {pmid40423860,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Xin, T and Jiang, C and Wang, H and Xia, B},
title = {The dual role of the RR-2 cuticular protein gene in development and acaricide susceptibility of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae).},
journal = {Experimental &amp; applied acarology},
volume = {95},
number = {1},
pages = {5},
pmid = {40423860},
issn = {1572-9702},
support = {13220141//Investigation on the Occurrence, Harm and Diffusion Risk of Agricultural Alien Invasive Species/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Tetranychidae/genetics/growth &amp; development/drug effects/metabolism ; *Acaricides/pharmacology ; *Arthropod Proteins/genetics/metabolism/chemistry ; Female ; Nymph/growth &amp; development/genetics/drug effects/metabolism ; Larva/growth &amp; development/genetics/drug effects/metabolism ; *Drug Resistance/genetics ; Ovum/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Oviposition ; },
abstract = {Panonychus citri, a major pest mite globally, causes substantial economic damage in the citrus sector. Due to the prolonged use of acaricides, P. citri has developed resistance; thus, identifying alternative control measures is imperative. The study successfully cloned and characterized three genes from the RR-2 subfamily of cuticular proteins (CP) in P. citri, PcCPR14, PcCPR15.7, and PcCPR16.8. These genes exhibited their highest expression in eggs aged 4 and 5 days and showed relatively high expression in larvae and nymphs on day 1. Inhibitin PcCPR16.8 expression in eggs resulted in only 23% hatching success. Similarly, silencing PcCPR16.8 is inhibited in nymphs led to cuticle rupture and a mortality rate of 81.77%. Silencing in female mites reduced the oviposition rate by 31.06% and significantly decreased chitin content and the expression of key chitin metabolism genes in P. citri. This indicates the crucial role of CP genes in the development and reproduction of P. citri. Moreover, exposure to the acaricides spirobudiclofen and etoxazole typically triggers high expression of PcCPR16.8, and silencing this gene increases the mite's sensitivity to these chemicals. CPs are vital in defending against environmental changes, making them potential targets for developing P. citri control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40422727,
year = {2025},
author = {Baeza-Guzmán, Y and Camargo-Ricalde, SL and Trejo-Aguilar, D and Montaño, NM},
title = {Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40422727},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {Divisional project//Universidad Aut&#xf3;noma Metropolitana/ ; },
abstract = {Forest plantations in the Neotropics aim to alleviate pressure on primary forests. This study synthesizes knowledge on pine species used in these plantations, emphasizing the challenges and potential of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria as inoculants. An analysis of 98 articles identifies 23 pine species in Mexico and Central America and about 16 fast-growing species in South America. While pine plantations provide a habitat for generalist species, they reduce the richness of specialist species. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacterial diversity in plantations with introduced pines is up to 20% lower compared to native ecosystems. Suillus and Hebeloma are commonly used as mycorrhizal inoculants for Neotropical and introduced species, including Pinus ponderosa and Pinus radiata in South America. Commercial inoculants predominantly feature the fungal species Pisolithus tinctorius, alongside bacterial genera such as Bacillus, Cohnella, and Pseudomonas. This study emphasizes the importance of leveraging native microbial communities and their synergistic interactions with ECM fungi and bacteria to enhance seedling growth and quality. Such a combined approach can improve plantation survival, boost resilience to environmental stressors, and promote long-term productivity. These findings underscore the need to incorporate native fungi and bacteria into inoculant strategies, advancing sustainable forestry practices and ecosystem adaptation in the Neotropics.},
}
@article {pmid40421716,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, Z and Gozlan, RE and Liu, J and Jackson, D and Guo, C},
title = {Invasive Fish Reshape Biodiversity Patterns in China's Freshwater Lakes.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {e70267},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70267},
pmid = {40421716},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {CARS-45//The Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System/ ; 32172980//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023YFD2400900//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 202304910486//China Scholarship Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; China ; *Fishes/physiology ; Animals ; *Lakes ; *Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Globalization has dramatically accelerated the spread of non-native species, intensifying threats to freshwater ecosystems. While China ranks among the most heavily invaded countries, the role of non-native species as key drivers of biodiversity changes is often overlooked in research on anthropogenic impacts. This oversight hampers the development of effective conservation and management strategies by limiting a full understanding of what shapes biodiversity patterns. To bridge this gap, an extensive dataset from 131 lakes across China was compiled and analyzed using a novel composite diversity index that integrates species richness with functional and phylogenetic uniqueness, allowing for a more precise identification of fish multidimensional diversity hotspots. Additionally, gradient forest models were employed to elucidate the impacts of non-native species, geography, climate, and physicochemical factors on these patterns. Our findings revealed significant taxonomic and functional homogenization in non-native hotspots within the overall fish community, coupled with phylogenetic diversification. Notably, non-native fish diversity emerged as the primary factor shaping overall and native fish multidimensional diversity patterns. While the establishment of non-native species may provide an immediate enhancement to overall diversity, it often leads to the extirpation/extinction of native species, ultimately resulting in biodiversity loss at local and potentially the regional scale. This study highlights the importance of examining multiple dimensions to characterize the intricate dynamics between native and non-native species, which is essential for understanding their true impact on biodiversity and for achieving global conservation goals.},
}
@article {pmid40421693,
year = {2025},
author = {Jin, J and Lin, T and Liu, D and Wang, Y and Xu, X and Xu, Y and Siemann, E and Li, B},
title = {Changes in Soil Microbiome Mediated by Root Volatiles Enhanced Manganese Tolerance of an Invasive Plant Species.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {48},
number = {9},
pages = {6605-6617},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15644},
pmid = {40421693},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2601100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: U2102218, 32001204), the Science and Technology Department of Shanghai (Grant No.: 23015810100), the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province (Grant No.: 202405AS350011) and the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (Grant No.: 202501AS070069)./ ; },
mesh = {*Manganese/toxicity/metabolism ; *Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; *Microbiota/drug effects ; *Introduced Species ; *Phytolacca americana/physiology/microbiology/drug effects/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Many invasive plants exhibit high heavy metal tolerance, but the roles of root-associated soil microbiomes in this process remain poorly understood. Heavy metal stress can alter the release of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), potentially influencing plant-soil feedbacks. This study utilised an aggressive invasive plant species Phytolacca americana as a study model, to assess the effects of different levels of soil manganese (Mn) stress on the emissions of root VOCs, and their subsequent influence on soil microbial communities. Results obtained here indicated that elevated Mn stress levels notably increased the quantity and altered the composition of root VOCs, subsequently influencing the diversity and composition of soil microbiomes. Specifically, a decrease in bacterial diversity and an increase in beneficial bacterial genera were observed. Limonene was identified as a key VOC compound influencing bacterial community composition, potentially promoting the accumulation of beneficial bacterial taxa such as Bacillus in soil. Reintroduction of inoculated soil collected from Mn-stressed plants significantly enhanced the tolerance of P. americana to Mn treatment. Elemental analysis suggested that the improved plant tolerance to Mn following soil reintroduction may be attributed to enhanced nutrient uptake that may be facilitated by beneficial microorganisms rather than reduced Mn accumulation in plant tissues.},
}
@article {pmid40421372,
year = {2025},
author = {Baguette, FMMP and Baider, C and Florens, FBV},
title = {A scoping review of tropical pioneer trees' roles for restoration and conservation management: Harungana madagascariensis (Hypericaceae) a widespread African species as a model.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19458},
pmid = {40421372},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Biodiversity ; Africa ; Forests ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Globally, biodiversity is declining rapidly, including tropical forests ecosystems in particular. To stop and reverse this trend, governments worldwide signed up to international agreements and initiatives, but success to date has been limited. In this context, reviewing pioneer trees' ecology, particularly the most widespread species, can help gauge their pros and cons and guide their judicious use for cost-effective ecological restoration projects.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This study aims to review the potential of pioneer tree species for biodiversity conservation and forest restoration and identify eventual knowledge gaps, using a widespread species from Africa, Harungana madagascariensis Lam. (Hypericaceae), as a model. Our specific objective was to synthetize information on the distribution and habitat of H. madagascariensis; its documented interspecific ecological interactions; and its potential for forest restoration.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: A scoping review was conducted using multiple databases to identify relevant papers, supplemented by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database (GBIF) to extract distribution records of H. madagascariensis. Following the PRISMA screening process for scoping reviews, 398 publications and 4,379 records from GBIF (2023) were used in the final analysis out of a total of 1,159 unique articles and 5,230 records originally retrieved.<br><br>RESULTS: We show that H. madagascariensis, which is native to tropical Africa, Madagascar, and some islands of the Mascarenes, is a key component of young secondary forests, wetland areas, and grasslands. At least 125 species were found to interact directly with H.&#xa0;madagascariensis, including through commensalism, mutualism, and herbivory. It is recognized as a tool for restoration regionally, and considered as invasive in Australia where it has been introduced and, by some, in Mauritius where it is native. The benefits it provides for restoration include its capacity to improve degraded soil fertility, its ability to compete with invasive alien species mostly due to its heliophilous and fast-growing nature, and its good nurse tree potential along with its ecological interactions that support numerous species including threatened ones.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The widespread African pioneer tree H. madagascariensis plays a critical role in vegetation dynamic and holds great potential for fostering forest restoration and biodiversity conservation in its range of nearly 13 M km[2]. Its greater use in restoration projects could significantly accelerate ecological restoration, decrease its costs, and increase benefits to biodiversity, leading to larger areas being restored, contributing effectively to national and international objectives. However, a number of aspects deserve further studies, such as the species' role in multitrophic interactions and its precise interactions, and their strengths, with species in each of its specific geographical contexts and through different temporal scales.},
}
@article {pmid40419738,
year = {2025},
author = {Soto, I and Courtois, P and Pili, A and Tordoni, E and Manfrini, E and Angulo, E and Bellard, C and Briski, E and Buřič, M and Cuthbert, RN and Kouba, A and Kourantidou, M and Macêdo, RL and Leroy, B and Haubrock, PJ and Courchamp, F and Leung, B},
title = {Using species ranges and macroeconomic data to fill the gap in costs of biological invasions.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {1021-1030},
pmid = {40419738},
issn = {2397-334X},
mesh = {*Introduced Species/economics ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Europe ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions threaten global biodiversity, human well-being and economies. Many regional and taxonomic syntheses of monetary costs have been produced recently but with important knowledge gaps owing to uneven geographic and taxonomic research intensity. Here we combine species distribution models, macroeconomic data and the InvaCost database to produce the highest resolution spatio-temporal cost estimates currently available to bridge these gaps. From a subset of 162 invasive species with 'highly reliable' documented costs at the national level, our interpolation focuses on countries that have not reported any costs despite the known presence of invasive species. This analysis demonstrates a substantial underestimation, with global costs potentially estimated to be 1,646% higher for these species than previously recorded. This discrepancy was uneven geographically and taxonomically, respectively peaking in Europe and for plants. Our results showed that damage costs were primarily driven by gross domestic product, human population size, agricultural area and environmental suitability, whereas management expenditure correlated with gross domestic product and agriculture areas. We also found a lag time for damage costs of 46 years, but management spending was not delayed. The methodological predictive approach of this study provides a more complete view of the economic dimensions of biological invasions and narrows the global disparity in invasion cost reporting.},
}
@article {pmid40419276,
year = {2025},
author = {Valenta, K and Rajaonarivelo, T and Ferreira, A and Raharinirina, A and Rafaliarison, RR and Farris, A and Watson, JM and deFrance, S and Mayo, D and Filla, C and Ross, A and Bornbusch, SL and Satishchandran, S and Kelly, T and Levy, JK and Randriana, Z and Farris, ZJ},
title = {The impact of free-roaming dogs on lemurs in Madagascar: a decade of research and intervention.},
journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology},
volume = {96},
number = {5-6},
pages = {309-326},
doi = {10.1163/14219980-bja10047},
pmid = {40419276},
issn = {1421-9980},
mesh = {Madagascar ; Animals ; Dogs ; *Lemur ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Introduced Species ; Animals, Wild ; },
abstract = {Lemurs are the most endangered group of mammals on earth, and invasive species, including domestic dogs, are considered to be the second greatest threat to biodiversity after habitat loss. Here, we describe and summarize the challenges and results of a decade of research aimed at understanding the impact of dogs on lemurs, and efforts to humanely reduce dog populations in protected areas in Madagascar, to reduce their impact on lemurs and other wildlife, via the non-profit the Mad Dog Initiative. We have found that free-roaming domestic dog populations living in and around Madagascar's protected areas both predate and displace native wildlife, and that the presence of dogs in forests drives a reduction of wildlife in forests. Additionally, dogs vector a number of pathogens that can have lethal consequences for lemur populations, as well as serving as important vectors of anti-microbial resistance. We propose several future directions for research, outreach, and capacity building in Madagascar and other low and middle income countries aimed at better quantifying the threat of domestic species on wildlife, and mitigating its impact.},
}
@article {pmid40419249,
year = {2025},
author = {Gursky, S},
title = {Domestic cats and predation on a free-ranging primate, Gursky's tarsier (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae).},
journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology},
volume = {96},
number = {5-6},
pages = {327-341},
doi = {10.1163/14219980-bja10054},
pmid = {40419249},
issn = {1421-9980},
mesh = {Animals ; Cats/physiology ; *Predatory Behavior ; Introduced Species ; *Presbytini/physiology ; Male ; },
abstract = {Introduced species, also known as invasive species, alien species and exotic species, are a major contributing factor to environmental problems in that they modify or disrupt the ecosystem they colonize. While some invasive species arrive in new areas through natural migration, more often than not they are introduced by the activities of humans. For example, domestic cats (Felis catus) were introduced by humans and are now common pets. Cats have been so successful invading new areas that their worldwide population is reported to exceed 500 million. Over 3 decades of u observations, cats were observed 169 times while observing Gursky's tarsier. Over time, the frequency that cats were observed while observing tarsiers increased. Similarly, the distance from the village that cats were observed increased over time indicating that the cats are moving further into the protected area. The tarsiers exhibited numerous responses to the presence of a cat. They always alarm called, and occasionally mobbed the cat. Several behavioral changes were made including increasing time traveling, increasing their height in the forest canopy, decreasing distance between group members. The cats attempted to prey on a tarsier 19 times. Twelve attempts were successful. Given that cat predation is known to have already caused faunal extinctions on islands, this threat to the tarsiers and other endemic species in Tangkoko Nature Reserve should not be taken lightly. One potential way to mitigate the negative impacts of cats on the tarsier population is by developing bylaws that restrict cat ownership adjacent to protected areas.},
}
@article {pmid40417069,
year = {2025},
author = {Feldman, EV and Kettenring, KM},
title = {Bet Hedging to Aid Seed-Based Wetland Restoration Under Hydrologic Extremes.},
journal = {Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.)},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {52},
pmid = {40417069},
issn = {0277-5212},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Reestablishing native plant communities following invasive species management is a common restoration goal for wetland managers. Although passive recolonization is occasionally sufficient, often, active revegetation through seeding is required. However, the outcomes of seeding likely differ by site (due to varying environmental conditions) and the composition of the seed mix. We evaluated the effects of both passive recolonization and seeding treatments (varying density and diversity of natives) on wetland plant community cover and composition at two sites in the Great Salt Lake Watershed, USA, over two years. We found that passive recolonization was insufficient to increase native plant cover at one location and limit invasive species' cover at either location. Furthermore, different emergent wetland restoration sites, despite geographic proximity, had different plant community outcomes, likely due to distinct site environmental conditions. We also found that the effects of the seeding treatments appeared to be overwhelmed by water depth due to two extreme weather events (severe drought in year 1 and prolonged flooding in year 2). However, these events provided an opportunity to observe the recovery potential of the different functional groups and identify three species of restoration interest (Bolboschoenus maritimus, Schoenoplectus acutus, and Distichlis spicata) that were able to survive the extreme conditions during both growing seasons at one site. These findings underscore the importance of not relying on passive recolonization and instead using bet-hedging strategies (e.g., seeding diverse mixes with species with a range of hydrologic tolerances) to overcome hydrologic extremes, conditions likely to become more common with climate change and ever-increasing upstream water diversions.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-025-01935-7.},
}
@article {pmid40415709,
year = {2025},
author = {Kimball, S and Nguyen, MA and Funk, JL and Lulow, M and Vose, G and Huxman, TE},
title = {Plant traits reveal that biotic resistance to invasibility is shaped by slope aspect.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {e70048},
pmid = {40415709},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//The Nature Conservancy/ ; //Natural Communities Coalition/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; California ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants/classification ; },
abstract = {During community assembly, species' traits interact with environmental conditions and influence biotic interactions. Learning how traits of non-native species enable them to successfully navigate these interacting biotic and abiotic filters informs invasion dynamics. Here we test how plant traits relate to invasion resistance under differing degrees of abiotic stress based on slope aspect in a large restoration project in Southern California. The site was dominated by non-native annual plants but was restored to coastal sage scrub and grassland with mixtures of native shrubs, grasses, and forbs on two different slope aspects. Abiotic filters may be stronger than biotic filters on slopes exposed to greater solar radiation (S-facing at our study site) resulting in decreased soil moisture and increased abiotic stress. We measured subsequent establishment and performance by the three most abundant non-native species (Brassica nigra in year 1, Salsola tragus and Sonchus oleraceus in year 3) on N- and S-facing slopes to investigate relationships between traits, abiotic environment, native community composition, and invasibility in the context of community assembly. We evaluated which measures of community functional diversity best predicted invader performance and tested whether relationships between invader performance and community-weighted trait values varied by slope aspect. Plots with slow-growing native shrubs contained less of the fast-growing invasive, Brassica nigra. Invasibility was greatest in native communities restored with native grass and on N-facing slopes. Correlations among individual species traits indicated strong biotic filtering, but only in certain environments. For instance, the abundance of Phacelia cicutaria, a native annual with traits similar to Brassica nigra, was negatively correlated with that invasive on N-facing slopes. Community-weighted trait metrics were also related to invasibility and differed by slope aspect, though relationships varied based on specific functional trait, community-weighted trait measure (mean or dispersion), and invader. The native functional group most effective at preventing invasion (native shrubs) was different from the species that most prevented invasion (native forb). In restoration planning, functional groups and individual native species traits may be more predictive of invasion resistance than community-weighted trait metrics. Combining perennials with an under-story of fast-growing annuals worked well to prevent invasion by non-native annuals. Understanding the role of lifespan effects in biotic filtering is essential for interpreting complex community-weighted trait responses to environmental variation across space and time.},
}
@article {pmid40414133,
year = {2025},
author = {Price, SJ and Kluender, CR and Germino, MJ and Rodhouse, T},
title = {Reliability of satellite-based vegetation maps for planning wildfire-fuel treatments in shrub steppe: Inferences from two contrasting national parks.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {387},
number = {},
pages = {125808},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125808},
pmid = {40414133},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Wildfires ; Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Parks, Recreational ; *Fires ; Artemisia ; },
abstract = {Protecting habitat threatened by increasing wildfire size and frequency requires identifying the spatial intersection of wildfire behavior and ecological conditions that favor positive management outcomes. In the perennial sagebrush steppe of Western North America, invasions by fire-prone annual grasses are a key concern, and management of them requires reliable maps of vegetation cover, fuels, and wildfire behavior. We compared commonly used, publicly available vegetation cover and fuels maps, specifically the Rangeland Analysis Platform (RAP) and LANDFIRE, with field-based assessments at two U.S. National Parks dominated by sagebrush steppe: City of Rocks National Reserve and Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve. Plant-community composition and fuels measured at ∼1700 field locations spanning ∼300,000 ha revealed that 1) RAP generally underestimated each vegetation cover type where the cover was actually abundant, and conversely overestimated cover types where they were actually scarce, and 2) there was considerable disagreement in fuel-bed maps derived from LANDFIRE compared to field observations. As a result, there were substantial discrepancies in the spatial patterning of wildfire behavior estimated from the fire-spread model FLAMMAP when parameterized with LANDFIRE compared to field-based fuel-bed maps created from Random Forests models. Reliable maps of vegetation cover and fuel conditions are needed to help guide fuels and invasive species management, especially given recent increases in pre- and post-fire treatments in arid and semiarid landscapes. The costs associated with poorly informed fuel reduction may greatly exceed the costs of field-based vegetation and fuels inventory to inform effective design of vegetative fuels treatments.},
}
@article {pmid40414056,
year = {2025},
author = {Collins, SF},
title = {Bioturbation and the resuspension of plastic pollutants by spawning common carp degrades lake water quality.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {984},
number = {},
pages = {179718},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179718},
pmid = {40414056},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Carps/physiology ; *Lakes/chemistry ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Plastics/analysis ; *Water Quality ; *Microplastics/analysis ; },
abstract = {Here, findings from a before-after-control-impact (BACI) field experiment are presented that tested the hypothesis that bioturbation (i.e., sediment disturbance through animal activities) from an invasive population of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) degrades water quality by resuspending microplastics and microfibers in lake surface waters during the spawning season. Concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), microplastics (MP/L), and microfibers (MF/L) were compared before, during, and after a carp spawning event to assess the magnitude and duration of disturbance effects. Concentrations of total suspended solids, microplastics, and microfibers were all similar across sampling sites prior to spawning. As spawning commenced, carp bioturbation increased concentrations of TSS, microplastics, and microfibers by 2-3 times relative to control sites. After spawning ended, TSS and microplastic fragments each returned to ambient concentrations whereas microfiber concentrations remained higher than control sites for multiple weeks. Findings from this study expand the harmful environmental effects of invasive carp to the resuspension of microplastic pollutants and the degradation of lake water quality. Given the widespread distribution of common carp and their propensity for disturbing habitats and eroding water quality, the phenomena described in this study likely extends to many other lakes, floodplain and backwater habitats, ponds, and rivers polluted with plastics and other contaminants.},
}
@article {pmid40413247,
year = {2025},
author = {Ferreira, C and Martins, T and Melo, L and Veneza, I and Santana, P and Miranda, J and Lutz, &#xcd; and Sousa, J and Cardoso, B and Miranda, A and da Costa, JL and Matos, S and Holanda, FC and Vallinoto, M and Sampaio, I and Evangelista-Gomes, G},
title = {DNA reveal new invasive species of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Penaeidae) along the world's largest mangrove region in the Brazilian Blue Amazon.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {18058},
pmid = {40413247},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CNPq (407536/2021-3).//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Penaeidae/genetics/classification ; Brazil ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; *Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Wetlands ; Biodiversity ; Haplotypes ; Ecosystem ; *DNA/genetics ; },
abstract = {Bioinvasions represent a major environmental issue, particularly when they take place in biodiversity hotspots, such as mangrove ecosystems that serve as shelter for many marine species and fisheries resources. In this work, we used an integrative approach based on DNA and morphological analyses to identify individuals and the putative presence of cryptic diversity in the invasive tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) along a mangrove area on the northern coast of Brazil, referred to as "Blue Amazon". A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was selected for DNA Barcode and associated with distance-based (ABGD-Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) and probabilistic (GMYC-Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent and bPTP-Bayesian Poisson tree processes) species delimitation methods. Furthermore, the maternal origin of collected specimens was tracked. The molecular analyses recovered two genetically divergent lineages (7.7%) within the tiger prawn, indicating the occurrence of two species of this bioinvader on the northern coast of Brazil. Even though no differences in external morphology were detected, both lineages could be differentiated by their internal structures. The molecular traceability of the origin of samples showed that lineages I and II shared haplotypes with specimens from 11 and nine countries, respectively, including a shrimp breeding center in Vietnam. This is the first record of two species of tiger prawn along the Brazilian continental shelf. These findings are useful to the development of effective management policies in a region of particular biological relevance.},
}
@article {pmid40413199,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Fu, T and Hao, H and Yu, Z},
title = {MAVSD: A Multi-Angle View Segmentation Dataset for Detection of Solidago Canadensis L.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {861},
pmid = {40413199},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {ZR2021LZH005//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation)/ ; ZR2021LZH005//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation)/ ; ZR2021LZH005//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation)/ ; ZR2021LZH005//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation)/ ; 62171419//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 62171419//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 62171419//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 62171419//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {*Solidago ; *Introduced Species ; Unmanned Aerial Devices ; Deep Learning ; *Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Recent advancements in computer vision and deep learning have advanced automated vegetation monitoring, creating new opportunities for invasive species management. To this end, we introduce MAVSD (Multi-Angle View Segmentation Dataset), specifically designed for detecting Solidago canadensis L., a globally significant invasive plant. The dataset comprises high-resolution images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles from four angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°), providing comprehensive coverage of plant structures and enabling in-depth understanding from multiple perspectives. MAVSD includes pixel-level semantic segmentation annotations across 13 classes, meticulously categorizing vegetation and environmental elements. Extensive experiments with state-of-the-art segmentation models validate MAVSD's effectiveness in enhancing invasive species detection and monitoring, with multi-angle training improving mIoU by up to 11% over single-angle baselines. The dataset's multi-angle, high-resolution characteristics strengthen ecological monitoring capabilities, offering valuable resources for research and environmental protection applications.},
}
@article {pmid40410832,
year = {2025},
author = {Chu, B and Ge, S and He, W and Sun, X and Ma, J and Yang, X and Lv, C and Xu, P and Zhao, X and Wu, K},
title = {Gut symbiotic bacteria enhance reproduction in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by regulating juvenile hormone III and 20-hydroxyecdysone pathways.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {132},
pmid = {40410832},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {2023FY100500//Chinese Science &amp;Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 2023FY100500//Chinese Science &amp;Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 2023FY100500//Chinese Science &amp;Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 2023FY100500//Chinese Science &amp;Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 2023FY100500//Chinese Science &amp;Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 2023FY100500//Chinese Science &amp;Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 2023FY100500//Chinese Science &amp;Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 2023FY100500//Chinese Science &amp;Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; CARS-02//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China/ ; CARS-02//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China/ ; CARS-02//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China/ ; CARS-02//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China/ ; CARS-02//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China/ ; CARS-02//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China/ ; CARS-02//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China/ ; CARS-02//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Fund of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/microbiology/physiology/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Ecdysterone/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Female ; Reproduction ; Enterobacter/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Larva/microbiology ; Enterococcus/isolation &amp; purification/physiology/genetics ; Klebsiella/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/physiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics ; *Juvenile Hormones/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The insect gut microbiota forms a complex, multifunctional system that significantly affects phenotypic traits linked to environmental adaptation. Strong reproductive potential underpins the migratory success, population growth and destructive impact of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). However, the precise role of gut bacteria in S. frugiperda reproductive processes, distribution and transmission dynamics remains unclear.<br><br>RESULTS: We examined the gut microbiota of S. frugiperda a major invasive agricultural pest, identifying Enterococcus, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella as core microorganisms present throughout its life cycle. These microbes showed heightened activity during the egg stage, early larval stages and pre-oviposition period in females. Using an axenic insect re-infection system, Enterococcus quebecensis FAW181, Klebsiella michiganensis FAW071 and Enterobacter hormaechei FAW049 were found to significantly enhance host fecundity, increasing egg production by 62.73%, 59.95%, and 56.71%, respectively. Metagenomic and haemolymph metabolomic analyses revealed a positive correlation between gut symbiotic bacteria and hormone metabolism in female S. frugiperda. Further analysis of metabolites in the insect hormone biosynthesis pathway, along with exogenous injection of juvenile hormone III and 20-hydroxyecdysone, revealed that gut microbes regulate these hormones, maintaining levels equivalent to those in control insects. This regulation supports improved fecundity in S. frugiperda, aiding rapid colonization and population expansion.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the pivotal role of gut bacteria E. quebecensis FAW181, E. hormaechei FAW049, and K. michiganensis FAW071 in enhancing S. frugiperda reproduction by modulating JH III levels through JHAMT regulation and concurrently modulating the levels of 20E and its precursors via PHM. Our results provide novel insights into microbe-host symbiosis and pest management strategies for alien invasive species. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid40410399,
year = {2025},
author = {Pintar, MR and Dorn, NJ},
title = {Invasive swamp eels reduce aquatic animal diversity and disproportionately reduce prey for nesting wading birds.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {17975},
pmid = {40410399},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {4500135928//South Florida Water Management District/ ; 4500135928//South Florida Water Management District/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Birds/physiology ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Florida ; Biomass ; *Smegmamorpha/physiology ; Nesting Behavior ; Wetlands ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Ecosystem restoration often aims to create environmental conditions that support communities of native organisms resembling those prior to alteration by humans. One focus of the multi-decade multi-billion-dollar Florida Everglades restoration effort is to recreate hydrologic conditions in Everglades National Park and associated pulses of aquatic animal prey to support the large colonies of seasonally nesting wading birds that are iconic predators in the ecosystem. Recent studies indicate that invasion of predatory Asian Swamp Eels (Monopterus albus/javanensis) has disrupted the hydrology-mediated production of crayfish and some small fishes in the drainage of first invasion (circa 2012). Here we used a complete community dataset of fish and decapods to report changes to the aquatic community diversity, composition, and biomass of prey produced for wading birds. After the establishment of swamp eels in Taylor Slough (Everglades National Park) average fish and decapod richness declined by 25% and communities shifted to a new state dominated by grass shrimp and a few species of small fishes. Swamp eels differentially reduced the production of primary wading bird resources; while there has been a 68% decline in total small fish and decapod biomass, the biomass of the most important prey species for nesting wading birds declined 80%. If similar impacts follow the spread of swamp eels into other major drainages of the Everglades, the invasion may precipitate an ecosystem collapse-fundamentally simplifying and restructuring the aquatic communities of this vast wetland ecosystem and limiting the trophic support for wading bird breeding aggregations that are important indicators for ecological restoration.},
}
@article {pmid40410338,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, R and Zhu, L and Zhou, Y},
title = {The conditions of failing and successful plant invasions with free boundary.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {17910},
pmid = {40410338},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {12171418//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; KYCX24_3707//Postgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Plants ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Seeds/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {In this paper, a reaction-diffusion model is proposed to investigate the growing process of invasive plants. Two free boundaries are introduced to describe the spreading frontiers are caused only by the seeds. The main objective is to realize the variation of the invasive plants and the free boundaries. Similar to the basic reproduction number of epidemic diseases, we define the threshold parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to discuss the dynamic behaviors of equilibrium solutions of invasive plants model with free boundary conditions. Based on them, we give the sufficient conditions for whether plants invade successfully or not. We show that the invasive plants will successfully persist in the new environment if [Formula: see text] with large initial values or [Formula: see text], while failing and dying out in the long run if [Formula: see text] with small initial values or [Formula: see text].},
}
@article {pmid40410236,
year = {2025},
author = {Channappa, M and Thiruvengadam, V and Shivakumar, N and Thammayya, SK and Nayyar, N and Muthugounder, M and Ramasamy, GG and Syamala, RR and Kukreti, A and Karthik, CM and Selvamani, S and Pathak, J and Jha, GK and Sushil, SN},
title = {Recombinase polymerase amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {18026},
pmid = {40410236},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CABIN Project//ICAR/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/genetics ; *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; *Recombinases/metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Introduced Species ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive, polyphagous pest that threatens approximately 353 plant species across 72 families worldwide. Due to morphological similarities with other noctuid pests during the early larval, pupal, and adult stages, traditional identification methods are labour-intensive and require specialist expertise. Rapid, reliable detection is essential given the pest's potential for widespread destruction. Through genome-wide in-silico analysis, this study identified a unique region within a signal peptide gene of S. frugiperda, which served as the basis for developing PCR, LAMP, and RPA-based assays for detection. The PCR assay produced a specific 550 bp amplicon for S. frugiperda, showing no cross-reactivity with negative controls. In the LAMP assay, positive samples exhibited a sky-blue colour, while negative samples turned violet when hydroxynaphthol blue dye was used. The RPA assay, with SYBR green dye, displayed bright green in positive samples and brick-red in negatives. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that PCR detected as low as 1 pg/µL, while LAMP and RPA achieved a higher sensitivity of 100 fg/µL. This study introduces the first RPA colorimetric assay for S. frugiperda, providing a time-efficient, cost-effective option that requires minimal equipment, ideal for field detection, thereby supporting timely pest monitoring and management.},
}
@article {pmid40408915,
year = {2025},
author = {Ovenbeck, K and Brandis, D and Normant-Saremba, M and Schoelynck, J and Ewers, C},
title = {The introduction history of the non-native shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus in the Baltic Sea indicates repeated anthropogenic dispersal.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {209},
number = {},
pages = {107214},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107214},
pmid = {40408915},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Palaemonidae/physiology/genetics ; *Animal Distribution ; *Introduced Species ; Oceans and Seas ; Baltic States ; *Anthropogenic Effects ; Genetic Variation ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {The shrimp species Palaemon macrodactylus, Rathbun 1902 is native to the Pacific coast of Japan, East China, and Korea. It has successfully spread to non-native habitats in North and South America, Australia, and the entire European coastline. Recently, this species was also found in the Baltic Sea near the Port of Gdańsk and the Kiel Canal. However, the latter population could not be considered established. To reconstruct the recent colonization of the Baltic Sea and determine the most probable pathways and vectors of this expansion, molecular analysis and ecological surveys were conducted. A total of 78 sequences of a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) from 10 different populations from the Baltic Sea and North Sea were generated and complemented with publicly available sequences. This resulted in the estimation of a haplotype network and the calculation of genetic differentiation and diversity. The results provide the first record of an established population of P. macrodactylus in the Kiel Canal area and reveal a complex expansion of this species with multiple introductions into the Gdansk Marina. Additionally, the distribution of this species in the Baltic Sea is mainly limited to port areas, indicating that shipping, particularly biofouling on boat hulls, is the primary dispersal vector.},
}
@article {pmid40408914,
year = {2025},
author = {Schroder, L and Lam-Gordillo, O and Ye, Q and Dittmann, S},
title = {Estuarine fish dynamics associated with polychaete reefs and environmental stressors.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {209},
number = {},
pages = {107212},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107212},
pmid = {40408914},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Polychaeta/physiology ; *Estuaries ; *Coral Reefs ; *Fishes/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Biogenic reefs serve as important habitats for fish, yet reef-building polychaetes and their functional role for associated estuarine fish communities is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological role of one of the most prominent providers of polychaete reefs, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, in a large temperate estuary in Southern Australia (the Coorong). Fish communities were compared between F. enigmaticus reef and non-reef habitats. The fish community included 22 native species, and dissimilarity between the reef versus non-reef habitats was driven by the abundances of particular estuarine species. The fish community from the reef habitat were characterised by higher abundances of estuarine species of gobies (Pseudogobius olorum, Arenigobius bifrenatus, Tasmanogobius lasti, Afurcagobius tamarensis), smallmouth hardyhead (Atherinosoma microstoma), and black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri). The functional roles of F. enigmaticus reefs serve as either shelter or feeding habitats for estuarine fish especially during the juvenile life stage. An extreme flood event, one of the highest on record, lowered salinities throughout the estuary and lagoon. Temporal variations in fish communities of both reef and non-reef habitats from the estuary and lagoon were explained by stressors of the flood, heatwave and invasive species, and environmental conditions including the total monthly flow, water temperature and transparency. Reefs built by the polychaete F. enigmaticus deliver ecosystem functions that benefit fish communities and merit conservation.},
}
@article {pmid40408427,
year = {2025},
author = {Dougherty, MM and MacDonald, A and York, G and Post, DM},
title = {Monitoring a keystone species (Alosa pseudoharengus) with environmental effects: A comparison with direct capture and environmental DNA.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {e0324385},
pmid = {40408427},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics ; Animals ; *Fishes/genetics ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Keystone species are important drivers of ecological processes. Their ecological importance makes them prime candidates for biological monitoring, both to preserve and restore their populations when facing decline, and to limit their spread as invasive species. To monitor species well requires cost and labor efficient methods that are capable of detecting the target species at low abundances. Traditional sampling methods, or methods of direct capture, can be labor intensive when trying to monitor large areas or species at low abundances. Another method, environmental DNA (eDNA), has emerged as a more cost and time efficient supplement to traditional monitoring methods. Environmental DNA techniques and strategies continue to be developed, but face limitations for some taxonomic groups within certain habitats. Here, we propose a novel method for monitoring keystone species: environmental effects sampling. Keystone species have large effects on their environment relative to their abundance. Measuring their environmental effects-or quantifiable changes in the biotic or abiotic environment due to organism-environment interactions-has potential as a low-effort and low-cost method for detecting keystone species. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of traditional sampling, eDNA methods, and environmental effects sampling as an alternative low cost and time efficient method for monitoring the presence and abundance of an ecologically important keystone species, the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, in freshwater lakes. The alewife is a zooplanktivorous fish managed as a species of conservation concern along coastal New England, USA, and an invasive or non-native species throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes watershed. We sampled lakes throughout Michigan and Connecticut from 2018-2020 and compared the three monitoring methods along four axes: alewife presence/absence, alewife abundance, financial cost, and time efficiency. Our results suggest that monitoring alewife with environmental effects is more accurate, more cost efficient, and more time efficient than purse seining and eDNA. Our environmental effects results also led to the discovery that two historically recognized alewife lakes no longer contained alewife, as confirmed by traditional sampling. However, environmental effects monitoring was only useful for determining alewife presence/absence, and was not reliable for determining alewife relative abundance. Environmental effects monitoring presents novel opportunities for efficiently and effectively monitoring keystone species such as alewife for the purpose of restoration or management.},
}
@article {pmid40406592,
year = {2025},
author = {Bashari, H and Bazgir, F and Vahabi, MR},
title = {Prioritizing the Risk of Multiple Invasive Species in the Semiarid Rangelands of Iran: An Ecological Approach to Multicriteria Decision-Making.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {e71287},
pmid = {40406592},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive plants pose a threat to production sustainability due to their detrimental effects on soil, food cycles, and hydrology. This study aimed to identify and analyze the effects of five invasive plant species on the rangelands of western Isfahan province, Iran. A random-systematic sampling of vegetation cover and soil was conducted at four rangeland sites, and mean soil characteristics were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Parametric principal component analysis (PCA) and nonparametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis in CANOCO and PATN software were used to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and vegetation cover. Cluster analysis was employed for habitat grouping, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to analyze the risk of invasive plants. The analysis involved three main criteria, eight subcriteria, and five options. The compatibility ratio of each criterion was calculated using Expert Choice software to assess the accuracy of criteria weighting. Parametric ordination revealed significant correlations between the first and second principal components and mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, altitude, slope, nitrogen, and calcium. NMDS analysis revealed significant correlations between plant species and seven environmental variables in a three-dimensional ordination space (p < 0.05). Among the target species, Eryngium billardieri showed a positive correlation with rainfall, altitude, slope, calcium, nitrogen, and a negative correlation with mean annual temperature, rock, and gravel. However, the relationship of other species with environmental factors was not significant. Notably, Cousinia bachtiarica, Eryngium billardieri, Phlomis persica, Euphorbia decipiense, and Poa bulbosa exhibited the most destructive effects, respectively. The study results can inform targeted efforts to protect rangeland ecosystems against invasive plants. Furthermore, the study method is applicable for assessing the risk of other plant species in semiarid ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40405324,
year = {2025},
author = {Raquin, V and Martin, E and Minard, G and Valiente Moro, C},
title = {Variation in diet concentration and bacterial inoculum size in larval habitats shapes the performance of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {130},
pmid = {40405324},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {Micro-Be-Have//IDEX Lyon scientific breakthrough project/ ; Micro-Be-Have//IDEX Lyon scientific breakthrough project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/microbiology/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Larva/microbiology/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Ecosystem ; *Diet ; Female ; *Microbiota ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ecological niches present unique environmental and biological trademarks such as abiotic conditions, nutrient availability, and trophic interactions that may impact the ecology of living organisms. Female mosquitoes deposit their eggs in aquatic niches with fluctuating diet sources and microbial communities. However, how niche's diet and microbial composition impact mosquito performance (i.e., traits that maximize mosquito fitness) are not well understood. In this study, we focused on the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, one of the most invasive species in the world and a competent vector for human pathogens. To remove any external microbes, Ae. albopictus eggs were surface-sterilized then hatching larvae were exposed to a gradient of bacterial inoculum (i.e., initial microbial load) and diet concentrations while their impact on mosquito performance traits during juvenile development was measured.<br><br>RESULTS: Our results showed that Ae. albopictus larvae develop faster and give larger adults when exposed to microbiota in rearing water. However, mosquito performance, up to the adult stage, depends on both bacterial inoculum size and diet concentration in the aquatic habitat. Upon low inoculum size, larvae survived better if the diet was in sufficient amounts whereas a higher inoculum size was associated with optimal larvae survival only in the presence of the lower amount of diet. Inoculum size, and to a lesser extent diet concentration, shaped bacterial community structure and composition of larval-rearing water allowing the identification of bacterial taxa for which their abundance in larvae-rearing water correlated with niche parameters and/or larval traits.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our work demonstrates that both diet concentration and bacterial inoculum size impact mosquito performance possibly by shaping bacterial community structure in the larval habitat, which accounts for a large part of the juvenile's microbiota. Host-microbe interactions influence several mosquito life-history traits, and our work reveals that niche parameters such as inoculum size and diet concentration could have numerous implications on the microbiota assembly and host evolutionary trajectory. This underlies that host-microbe-environment interactions are an important yet overlooked factor of mosquito adaptation to its local environment, with potential future implications for vector control and vector ecology. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid40404865,
year = {2025},
author = {Sato, N and Nakashita, R and Sasaki, T and Kato, H and Karube, H and Mori, H and Kawakami, K},
title = {The distinctive material cycle associated with seabirds and land crabs on a pristine oceanic island: a case study of Minamiiwoto, Ogasawara Islands, subtropical Japan.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {6},
pages = {88},
pmid = {40404865},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {16H01794//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Japan ; *Brachyura ; Islands ; *Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; *Birds/physiology ; },
abstract = {Seabirds are responsible for transporting marine material to oceanic islands, and attempts are being made to restore their function on many islands where they have become extinct. However, little is known about the original island ecosystems prior to disturbance. Minamiiwoto, located in the Ogasawara Islands, is an uninhabited oceanic island that remains uninvaded by alien animals, and its pristine ecosystem and material cycle should serve as a reference for the restoration of disturbed island ecosystems. We analyzed the food web structure of several of the Ogasawara Islands with different disturbance intensities using stable isotopes (δ[13]C, δ[15]N) and compared the characteristics of the material cycle. We found that seabirds and land crabs are distributed across the entire island of Minamiiwoto, with high δ[15]N values derived from marine resources and a gradient in the δ[15]N of land crabs reflecting differences in seabird species with elevation. In contrast, on islands where forest-nesting seabirds have been extinct for more than 50 years, the nutrient supply to the island interior has been lost, and the δ[15]N of most organisms was significantly lower. Isotopic food niches among predators were clearly partitioned by species (max. 14% overlap) on Minamiiwoto, while on the disturbed islands they tended to be highly similar (max. 53% overlap). Our results confirmed that Minamiiwoto still maintains a pristine ecosystem characterized by material transport by seabirds and decomposition by land crabs. The recovery of these biological functions should be the guide for conservation and restoration of oceanic islands subjected to anthropogenic disturbance.},
}
@article {pmid40404652,
year = {2025},
author = {Ning, Y and Li, Y and Li, CY and Wang, JZ and Wang, TS and Zheng, YC and Zhan, YY and Xu, SJ and Dong, SB and Wang, YF},
title = {Chromosome-level genome assembly for clubrush (Scirpus × mariqueter) endemic to China.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {839},
pmid = {40404652},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {China ; *Chromosomes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Karyotype ; *Cyperaceae/genetics ; },
abstract = {Scirpus × mariqueter (Tang &amp; F.T.Wang) Tatanov, which is endemic to eastern estuaries in China, is a tidal zone-engineering species with great promise for managing greenhouse gases and enhancing ecosystem resilience against invasive species. Although S. mariqueter is widely recognized as a hybrid species derived from Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T.V. Egorova and Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla, its speciation remains highly controversial. The lack of a reference genome is the major cause of this ambiguity. We generated the first chromosome-level genome assembly for S. mariqueter combining PacBio long-reads, Illumina short-reads, and the Hi-C method. The genome assembly consisted of 227.75 Mb (contig N50: 3.89 Mb). We also constructed a haploid karyotype comprising 54 pseudochromosomes. The average size of these pseudochromosomes was small (4.05 Mb). Thirty-two pseudochromosomes were assembled to a telomere to telomere level. Repetitive elements represented approximately 54.12% of the genome. We predicted and annotated 25,239 protein-coding genes. The overall BUSCO score was 95.10%, with notably few duplicated genes (1.70%). This high-quality genome provides critical data for future studies.},
}
@article {pmid40404644,
year = {2025},
author = {Parga, A and Mattu, J and Belibasakis, GN and Kline, KA and Leprince, JG and Manoil, D},
title = {A polymicrobial perspective into the ecological role of Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canal infections.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {83},
pmid = {40404644},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {ED6481B-2023/117//Regional Government of Galicia, Spain/ ; Dnr. 4-823/2019//Karolinska Institutet Strategic Funds/ ; FoUI-978687//KI/SLL Styrgruppen f&#xf6;r Odontologisk Forskning (SOF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Enterococcus faecalis/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology/isolation &amp; purification ; Humans ; *Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology ; *Coinfection/microbiology ; *Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Biofilms/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Enterococcus faecalis, a non-oral nosocomial pathogen, intriguingly ranks among the most frequently retrieved species from polymicrobial infections of dental root canals. This review integrates findings from the latest omics approaches, alongside emerging evidence of E. faecalis interactions within oral polymicrobial communities, to refine our understanding of its role in these infections. Herein, E. faecalis emerges as an ecologically invasive species and a catalyst of the pathogenicity of entire communities.},
}
@article {pmid40404639,
year = {2025},
author = {Hordijk, I and Poorter, L and Liang, J and Reich, PB and de-Miguel, S and Nabuurs, GJ and Gamarra, JGP and Chen, HYH and Zhou, M and Wiser, SK and Pretzsch, H and Paquette, A and Picard, N and Hérault, B and Bastin, JF and Alberti, G and Abegg, M and Adou Yao, YC and Almeyda Zambrano, AM and Alvarado, BV and Alvarez-Davila, E and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Alves, LF and Amaral, I and Ammer, C and Antón-Fernández, C and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arroyo, L and Avitabile, V and Aymard C, GA and Baker, T and Banki, O and Barroso, J and Bastian, ML and Birigazzi, L and Birnbaum, P and Bitariho, R and Boeckx, P and Bongers, F and Bouriaud, O and Brancalion, PHS and Brandl, S and Brearley, FQ and Brienen, R and Broadbent, EN and Bruelheide, H and Cazzolla Gatti, R and Cesar, RG and Cesljar, G and Chazdon, RL and Chisholm, C and Cienciala, E and Clark, CJ and Clark, DB and Colletta, G and Coomes, D and Cornejo Valverde, F and Corral-Rivas, JJ and Crim, P and Cumming, J and Dayanandan, S and de Gasper, AL and Decuyper, M and Derroire, G and DeVries, B and Djordjevic, I and Dourdain, A and Dolezal, J and Engone Obiang, NL and Enquist, B and Eyre, T and Fandohan, AB and Fayle, TM and Ferreira, LV and Feldpausch, TR and Finér, L and Fischer, M and Fletcher, C and Frizzera, L and Gianelle, D and Glick, HB and Harris, D and Hector, A and Hemp, A and Herbohn, J and Hillers, A and Honorio Coronado, EN and Hui, C and Cho, H and Ibanez, T and Jung, I and Imai, N and Jagodzinski, AM and Jaroszewicz, B and Johannsen, V and Joly, CA and Jucker, T and Karminov, V and Kartawinata, K and Kearsley, E and Kenfack, D and Kennard, D and Kepfer-Rojas, S and Keppel, G and Khan, ML and Killeen, T and Kim, HS and Kitayama, K and Köhl, M and Korjus, H and Kraxner, F and Laarmann, D and Lang, M and Lewis, S and Lu, H and Lukina, N and Maitner, B and Malhi, Y and Marcon, E and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Marshall, AR and Martin, E and Martynenko, O and Meave, JA and Melo-Cruz, O and Mendoza, C and Merow, C and Miscicki, S and Monteagudo Mendoza, A and Moreno, V and Mukul, SA and Mundhenk, P and Nava-Miranda, MG and Neill, D and Neldner, V and Nevenic, R and Ngugi, M and Niklaus, PA and Oleksyn, J and Ontikov, P and Ortiz-Malavasi, E and Pan, Y and Parada-Gutierrez, A and Parfenova, E and Park, M and Parren, M and Parthasarathy, N and Peri, PL and Pfautsch, S and Phillips, OL and Piedade, MT and Piotto, D and Pitman, NCA and Pollastrini, M and Polo, I and Poulsen, AD and Poulsen, JR and Arevalo, FR and Restrepo-Correa, Z and Rodeghiero, M and Rolim, S and Roopsind, A and Rovero, F and Rutishauser, E and Saikia, P and Salas-Eljatib, C and Schall, P and Schepaschenko, D and Scherer-Lorenzen, M and Schmid, B and Schöngart, J and Searle, EB and Seben, V and Selvi, F and Serra-Diaz, JM and Sheil, D and Shvidenko, A and Silva-Espejo, J and Silveira, M and Singh, J and Sist, P and Slik, F and Sonké, B and Souza, AF and Ter Steege, H and Stereńczak, K and Svenning, JC and Svoboda, M and Swanepoel, B and Targhetta, N and Tchebakova, N and Thomas, R and Tikhonova, E and Umunay, P and Usoltsev, V and Valencia, R and Valladares, F and van der Plas, F and Van Do, T and Van Nuland, ME and Vasquez Martinez, R and Verbeeck, H and Viana, H and Vibrans, AC and Vieira, S and von Gadow, K and Wang, HF and Watson, J and Werner, GDA and Wittmann, F and Wortel, V and Zagt, R and Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T and Zhang, C and Zhao, X and Zhu, ZX and Zo-Bi, IC and Maynard, DS and Crowther, TW},
title = {Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world's forests.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {4773},
pmid = {40404639},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Forests ; *Trees/physiology/classification/anatomy &amp; histology ; Climate Change ; Temperature ; *Climate ; Wood ; Ecosystem ; Species Specificity ; Water ; },
abstract = {Species' traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe. We find three consistent trait differences between locally dominant and rare species across all biomes; dominant species are taller, have softer wood and higher loading on the multivariate stem strategy axis (related to narrow tracheids and thick bark). The difference between traits of dominant and rare species is more strongly driven by temperature compared to water availability, as temperature might affect a larger number of traits. Therefore, climate change driven global temperature rise may have a strong effect on trait differences between dominant and rare tree species and may lead to changes in species abundances and therefore strong community reassembly.},
}
@article {pmid40401442,
year = {2025},
author = {Nkoko, MM and Shivambu, N and Shivambu, TC and Nelufule, T and Khumalo, N and Seoraj-Pillai, N and Nangammbi, TC},
title = {Zoonotic Ectoparasites Infesting Commensal Invasive Murid Rodents.},
journal = {Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)},
volume = {25},
number = {8},
pages = {481-490},
doi = {10.1089/vbz.2025.0019},
pmid = {40401442},
issn = {1557-7759},
mesh = {Animals ; *Zoonoses/parasitology ; *Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary/parasitology/epidemiology ; Rats/parasitology ; *Rodent Diseases/parasitology/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Rodents are associated with the spread of deadly zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases. Their widespread distribution is strongly linked to their ability to thrive in human-altered environments with access to food and shelter. Thus, humans are exposed to zoonotic agents that can spread and infect them directly and indirectly. We sourced published literature on ectoparasites associated with Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, and Mus musculus from various academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The relevant literature was screened and selected in R statistical software using the packages ''metagear'' and ''revtool.'' We reviewed and analyzed a total of 53 articles published between 1994 and 2024. The literature review covered studies from 29 countries, represented by six continents, namely, Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America, with the majority of the studies from Asia. R. rattus had the most published studies. Our literature review identified 87 species of zoonotic ectoparasites, with Xenopsylla cheopis, Polyplax spinulosa, and Laelaps echidninus being the most reported across all host species. Mites were the most reported ectoparasites (40.83%), followed by fleas (25%), ticks (20%), and lice (14.17%). Most of these ectoparasites were reported from R. rattus, with the highest number of documented ectoparasites. Investigating the prevalence, distribution, and potential risks of alien invasive rodents and their ectoparasites is paramount for public health and improving integrated pest management control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40400222,
year = {2025},
author = {Thoma, AE and Lekberg, Y and Nagy, DU and Sheng, M and Welk, E and Rosche, C},
title = {Progress and future directions of biogeographical comparisons of plant-fungal interactions in invasion contexts.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {247},
number = {2},
pages = {477-486},
pmid = {40400222},
issn = {1469-8137},
mesh = {*Plants/microbiology ; *Fungi/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Geography ; },
abstract = {Plant invasions are biogeographical phenomena that may involve shifts in belowground plant-fungal interactions, such as the release from fungal pathogens or more beneficial interactions with mutualists in nonnative ranges. However, native and nonnative ranges are not uniform but environmentally heterogeneous, and plant-fungal interactions are strongly shaped by spatio-environmental context. Intense discussion at the 45[th] New Phytologist Symposium revealed that we lack information on how well spatio-environmental variation within ranges has been considered in samplings and analyses of studies comparing plant-fungal interactions between ranges. Through a systematic review, we assessed the sampling quality of recent biogeographical studies. We found that the majority relied on a limited population sampling within each range, often covering only a small fraction of the species' spatial distribution and macroclimatic niche. Additionally, low similarity between the sampled climatic gradients in the native and nonnative ranges might have introduced false-positive differences across ranges. These sampling deficiencies may undermine the robustness and representativeness of range comparisons, thereby restricting our ability to accurately assess the role of plant-fungal interactions in invasion success. We recommend that future research incorporate broader and more comparable spatio-environmental variation in both ranges, and we provide practical guidelines for improving sampling designs.},
}
@article {pmid40400211,
year = {2025},
author = {Tanney, JB and Kemler, M and Vivas, M and Wingfield, MJ and Slippers, B},
title = {Silent invaders: the hidden threat of asymptomatic phytobiomes to forest biosecurity.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {247},
number = {2},
pages = {533-545},
pmid = {40400211},
issn = {1469-8137},
mesh = {*Forests ; *Biosecurity ; *Introduced Species ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Trees/microbiology ; *Fungi/physiology ; },
abstract = {Populations of diverse, unknown, and potentially pathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms are continuously introduced into new locations via asymptomatic infections (e.g. as endophytes or latent pathogens) within internationally traded live plants. Interactions between these asymptomatic fungi and novel recipient host trees can be unpredictable, and urban introductions may act as bridgeheads into natural and managed forests. Historical examples of novel, highly destructive forest tree diseases highlight the potential threat of this pathway. As the trade in live plants continues to expand, the likelihood of high-impact incursions increases. This has led to calls for more proactive management, including more stringent treatment and regulatory standards, and even the phasing out of trade in plants determined to be an untenable risk to forest ecosystems. In this review, we discuss how biosecurity systems should consider advances in understanding the diversity and ecology of phytobiomes associated with asymptomatic plants and what measures can be considered to reduce this threat to global forest health.},
}
@article {pmid40399318,
year = {2025},
author = {Bacher, S and Ryan-Colton, E and Coiro, M and Cassey, P and Galil, BS and Nuñez, MA and Ansong, M and Dehnen-Schmutz, K and Fayvush, G and Fernandez, RD and Hiremath, AJ and Ikegami, M and Martinou, AF and McDermott, SM and Preda, C and Vilà, M and Weyl, OLF and Aravind, NA and Angelidou, I and Athanasiou, K and Atkore, V and Barney, JN and Blackburn, TM and Brockerhoff, EG and Carbutt, C and Carisio, L and Castro-Díez, P and Céspedes, V and Christopoulou, A and Cisneros-Heredia, DF and Cooling, M and de Groot, M and Demetriou, J and Dickey, JWE and Duboscq-Carra, VG and Early, R and Evans, TG and Flores-Males, PT and Gallardo, B and Gruber, M and Hui, C and Jeschke, JM and Joelson, NZ and Khan, MA and Kumschick, S and Lach, L and Lapin, K and Lioy, S and Liu, C and MacMullen, ZJ and Mazzitelli, MA and Measey, J and Mrugała-Koese, AA and Musseau, CL and Nahrung, HF and Pepori, A and Pertierra, LR and Pienaar, EF and Pyšek, P and Rivas Torres, G and Rojas Martinez, HA and Rojas-Sandoval, J and Ryan-Schofield, NL and Sánchez, RM and Santini, A and Santoro, D and Scalera, R and Schmidt, L and Shivambu, TC and Sohrabi, S and Tricarico, E and Trillo, A and Van't Hof, P and Volery, L and Zengeya, TA},
title = {Global Impacts Dataset of Invasive Alien Species (GIDIAS).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {832},
pmid = {40399318},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {31003A_179491//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)/ ; 31BD30_184114//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species are a major driver of global change, impacting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods. To document these impacts, we present the Global Impacts Dataset of Invasive Alien Species (GIDIAS), a dataset on the positive, negative and neutral impacts of invasive alien species on nature, nature's contributions to people, and good quality of life. This dataset arises from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services' (IPBES) thematic assessment report of this topic. Data were compiled from published sources, including grey literature, reporting a direct observation of an invasive alien species' impact. All impact records contain up to 52 fields of contextual information and attempt to link impacts to the global standard "environmental impact classification for alien taxa" (EICAT) and "socio-economic impact classification for alien taxa" (SEICAT). GIDIAS includes more than 22000 records of impacts caused by 3353 invasive alien species (plants, vertebrates, invertebrates, microorganisms) from all continents and realms (terrestrial, freshwater, marine), extracted from over 6700 sources. We intend GIDIAS to be a global resource for investigating and managing the variety of impacts of invasive alien species across taxa and regions.},
}
@article {pmid40398285,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, J and Chen, Z and Zhang, W and Meng, G and Cao, M and Li, J and Xu, C and Wu, R and Leng, H and Wen, Q and Yang, J and Xu, G},
title = {Relationships among multiple ecosystem services in mountainous regions: A case study of the Gaoligong Mountains.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {387},
number = {},
pages = {125765},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125765},
pmid = {40398285},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Forests ; Carbon Sequestration ; Biodiversity ; China ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Understanding the drivers and ecological implications of trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services (ESs) is essential for sustainable mountain management. While previous studies have mapped ES relationships, the mechanisms underpinning their spatial heterogeneity in coupled human-natural systems remain underexplored. Here, we integrated gradient-based approaches to assess the distribution patterns of four ESs-water yield (WY), carbon storage (CS), net primary productivity (NPP), and habitat quality (HQ)-in the transboundary Gaoligong Mountains from 2001 to 2020. We found that: (1) Process-based services (WY-NPP) exhibited strong trade-offs, driven by climatic constraints and plantation expansion on southern slopes, where monoculture forests enhanced NPP but reduced infiltration capacity; (2) Synergies between structure-based services (CS-HQ) dominated mid-elevation forests, reflecting the dual role of conserved evergreen broadleaf forests in sequestering carbon and sustaining biodiversity through environmental conditions, complex canopy structures, and minimal human disturbance. Human activities disrupted natural synergies, as CS-HQ relationships shifted to trade-offs in high-intensity zones (e.g., cropland fragmentation and invasive species spread), highlighting conflicts between short-term provisioning and long-term regulating services; (3) Elevation gradients further shaped these dynamics: mid-elevation zones maintained balanced ecosystem service provision, while low-elevation agricultural areas experienced dual declines in net primary productivity (NPP) and habitat quality (HQ) due to cultivated land fragmentation, creating a trade-off between these services. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of ESs and intricate relationships within mountainous regions across temporal and spatial gradients. Our findings underscore the need to prioritize mid-elevation conservation corridors and adaptive agroforestry, providing valuable insights for decision-making processes in transboundary ecosystem conservation.},
}
@article {pmid40398168,
year = {2025},
author = {Mayack, C and Carlson, M and Niño, BD and Niño, EL and Seshadri, A},
title = {Impacts of almond pollination service and inter-row cover cropping on honey bee colony strength and performance.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {983},
number = {},
pages = {179703},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179703},
pmid = {40398168},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/physiology ; *Pollination ; *Prunus dulcis/growth &amp; development ; *Agriculture/methods ; Crops, Agricultural ; },
abstract = {Intensive agriculture has become necessary to meet the growing global demand for food and in some crops, successful fruit and seed production involves the activity of insect pollinators. Among insects, honey bees are one of the most efficient pollinators and in the agriculture industry, worth over 200 billion dollars annually, economic yield of some commodity crops, such as almonds, are heavily reliant upon pollination by honey bees. Almonds are a quintessential example of the commercial application of plant-pollinator dependency. Acreages of almonds mostly comprise of self-incompatible varieties that need bees for transferring pollen from the flowers of 'pollenizer' varieties to those of nut-yielding varieties, facilitating cross-pollination. Early season flowering phenology of almonds, when there are very few other plants in bloom, facilitates honey bee colony growth after the overwintering quiescence. Here, (i) we assessed colony strength and performance before and after almond pollination service and (ii) the impacts of availability of flowering interrow mustard-mix cover crops. Results show that there were consistently more frames of bees, pollen stores, brood, and adult bees in colonies returning from almond pollination service. The availability of mustard-mix cover crops supports increased colony strength through the season, facilitating long lasting positive impacts on honey bee health. Our findings suggest that agroecosystem management practices such as interrow cover cropping, strengthen the immediate and long-term positive impacts from pollination services by improving honey bee colony performance while simultaneously promoting ecosystem function.},
}
@article {pmid40397853,
year = {2025},
author = {Lutschini, IRT and Ballard, KR and Wang, T and Cummins, SF},
title = {Acetylcholinesterase-like proteins are a major component of reproductive trail mucus in the invasive pest land snail, Theba pisana.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {e0323380},
pmid = {40397853},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism/genetics ; *Snails/genetics/enzymology/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; *Mucus/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Phylogeny ; Proteomics ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {Invasive invertebrate pests have become a major threat to food security as global populations increase. Pesticides, often containing organophosphates, have long been used as agents for providing immediate short-term recovery, yet are often broad-spectrum, leading to the development of resistance. In insect species, one mechanism for resistance is known to be driven by mutations in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. In this study, we explored a potential role for resistance-modified AChE in invasive pest land snails, using the Mediterranean snail Theba pisana. Following tissue transcriptomic investigation, an expanded family of AChE-like genes were identified that clustered phylogenetically into three individual clades, with one clade including vertebrate AChE. The majority of T. pisana AChE-like genes demonstrated the highest expression in the snail mucous gland during its reproductive stage. Subsequent proteomic analysis of trail mucus at the reproductive stage identified four AChE-like proteins as a major component. Immunolocalisation revealed that AChE-like protein(s) were prominent in the mucous gland secretory cells and widespread throughout the reproductive stage trail mucus, yet were largely absent from trail mucus at the non-reproductive stage. In summary, this study established a potential role for resistance-modified AChE-like proteins in pest land snail pesticide resistance via their deployment into trail mucus that may bio-scavenge organophosphates, rendering them ineffective. Their abundance during the reproductive stage is likely due to the snail's increased mobility, following periods of immobile aestivation.},
}
@article {pmid40396603,
year = {2025},
author = {Verneau, O and Quinn, D and Smith, KG and Malone, JH and du Preez, L},
title = {Role of Trachemys scripta elegans in polystome (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Polystomatidae) spillover and spillback following the trade of freshwater turtles in southern Europe and North America.},
journal = {Parasite (Paris, France)},
volume = {32},
number = {},
pages = {30},
pmid = {40396603},
issn = {1776-1042},
mesh = {Animals ; *Turtles/parasitology ; *Introduced Species ; Fresh Water ; North America ; Europe ; Phylogeny ; Ecosystem ; Commerce ; *Trematode Infections/veterinary/parasitology/transmission/epidemiology ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; *Trematoda/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {The red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied, 1938), has been introduced worldwide, partly because of the exotic pet trade in the 1980s and 1990s. When T. s. elegans is released or escapes into natural environments, it often establishes new feral populations due to its tolerance for a variety of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is now considered one of the most invasive species in the world because it can compete with native turtle species. In the present study, our objectives were to identify the potential for polystome spillover and spillback resulting from the introduction of the red-eared slider into new environments in North America. Fieldwork investigations were thus conducted mainly in aquatic habitats in Florida and North Carolina, United States, but also in Connecticut, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Nebraska and New York. Using DNA barcoding based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences, we surveyed the species diversity of polystome within American freshwater turtles. These included T. s. elegans but also Apalone ferox, Apalone spinifera, Chelydra serpentina, Chrysemys picta, Kinosternon baurii, Pseudemys spp., Sternotherus minor and Sternotherus odoratus. Genetic evidence confirmed that invasive populations of T. s. elegans in southern Europe have transmitted their own polystomes to native host species following spillover effects, and revealed here that T. s. elegans in non-indigenous habitats in the United States acts as a new reservoir of infection for native polystomes following spillback effects, thus increasing indigenous parasite transmission in the wild. Together, these findings raise further concern about the spread of non-native turtles and their impact on parasite transmission.},
}
@article {pmid40395690,
year = {2025},
author = {Bian, C and Li, R and Ouyang, Y and Yang, J and Mu, X and Shi, Q},
title = {Chromosome-level genome assemblies of five Sinocyclocheilus species.},
journal = {GigaByte (Hong Kong, China)},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {gigabyte155},
pmid = {40395690},
issn = {2709-4715},
abstract = {Sinocyclocheilus, a genus of tetraploid fishes endemic to Southwest China's karst regions, are classified as second-class nationally protected species due to their fragile habitat. Limited high-quality genomic resources have hampered studies on their phylogenetic relationships and the origin of their polyploidy. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the most abundant Sinocyclocheilus species, the golden-line barbel (Sinocyclocheilus grahami), by integrating PacBio long-read and Hi-C sequencing. The resulting scaffold-level genome-assembly is 1.6 Gb long, with a scaffold N50 of up to 30.7 Mb. We annotated 42,806 protein-coding genes. Also, 93.1% of the assembled genome sequences (about 1.5 Gb) and 93.8% of the total predicted genes were successfully anchored onto 48 chromosomes. Furthermore, we obtained chromosome-level genome assemblies for four other Sinocyclocheilus species (S. anophthalmus, S. maitianheensis, S. anshuiensis, and S. rhinocerous) based on homologous comparisons. These genomic resources will enable in-depth investigations on cave adaptation, improvement of economic values, and conservation of diverse Sinocyclocheilus fishes.},
}
@article {pmid40395280,
year = {2025},
author = {Ye, N and Mai, W and Qin, F and Yuan, S and Liu, B and Li, Z and Liu, C and Wan, F and Qian, W and Wu, Z and Qiao, X},
title = {Early detection of Citrus Huanglongbing by UAV remote sensing based on MGA-UNet.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1503645},
pmid = {40395280},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a severe disease that has caused substantial economic damage to the global citrus industry. Early detection is challenging due to the lack of distinctive early symptoms, making current diagnostic methods often ineffective. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent and timely detection system for HLB. This study leverages multispectral imagery acquired via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and deep convolutional neural networks. This study introduce a novel model, MGA-UNet, specifically designed for HLB recognition. This image segmentation model enhances feature transmission by integrating channel attention and spatial attention within the skip connections. Furthermore, this study evaluate the comparative effectiveness of high-resolution and multispectral images in HLB detection, finding that multispectral imagery offers superior performance. To address data imbalance and augment the dataset, this study employ a generative model, DCGAN, for data augmentation, significantly boosting the model's recognition accuracy. Our proposed model achieved a mIoU of 0.89, a mPA of 0.94, a precision of 0.95, and a recall of 0.94 in identifying diseased trees. The intelligent monitoring method for HLB presented in this study offers a cost-effective and highly accurate solution, holding considerable promise for the early warning of this disease.},
}
@article {pmid40395123,
year = {2025},
author = {Reck, J and Gonchoroski, GZ and de Mello, LS and da Silveira, VP and Lunge, VR and Kasper, CB and Jardim, M and Trigo, TC},
title = {Feline Leukemia Virus in Free-ranging Neotropical Wild Felids and in Domestic Cats Found Inside Protected Areas within Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {61},
number = {3},
pages = {708-713},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-24-00136},
pmid = {40395123},
issn = {1943-3700},
mesh = {Animals ; *Leukemia Virus, Feline/isolation &amp; purification ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Cats ; Animals, Wild/virology ; *Felidae/virology ; *Retroviridae Infections/veterinary/epidemiology/virology ; *Tumor Virus Infections/veterinary/epidemiology/virology ; *Cat Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; Female ; Male ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/isolation &amp; purification ; Panthera/virology ; },
abstract = {Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses that cause severe diseases in domestic cats. Recently, they have emerged as a concern for wild felids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure to feline retroviruses in free-ranging Neotropical wild felids from southern Brazil. A total of 48 road-killed wild felids belonging to three species were sampled: Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi), margay (Leopardus wiedii), and Southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus). In addition, 28 domestic cats found inside protected areas were investigated. Both the wild and domestic felids were tested for the presence of FeLV and FIV with lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) and molecular methods. Three wild felids (two Geoffroy's cats and one margay) were positive to FeLV by LFA (antigen), PCR (proviral DNA), and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (viral RNA). From the 28 free-roaming domestic cats sampled inside protected areas, 10 (35%) were positive for FeLV. None of the domestic or wild felids were positive for FIV. In addition to the occurrence of FeLV in two species of free-ranging Neotropical felids, FeLV-positive domestic cats appear to be relatively common in protected areas from southern Brazil, posing an important risk of FeLV transmission to threatened wild felids inside those areas.},
}
@article {pmid40393535,
year = {2025},
author = {Gunay, F and Yildirim, A and Zangaladze, E and Burkett-Cadena, N and Kutateladze, T and Pekmezci, Z and Toroslu, AM and Kizgin, AD and Arslanhan, BA and Diop, SD and Sahin, S and Inci, A and Dolidze, N and Rudik, V and Alto, B and Campbell, LP},
title = {Predicting the potential distribution of Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea region at the range edge.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {267},
number = {},
pages = {107661},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107661},
pmid = {40393535},
issn = {1873-6254},
mesh = {*Aedes/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Animals ; Black Sea ; *Mosquito Vectors ; *Animal Distribution ; Humans ; Temperature ; Population Density ; },
abstract = {Aedes albopictus is a globally invasive species and a major vector of multiple arboviruses that cause human disease. The species has been spreading throughout the Black Sea region since 2011, posing an important public health threat. Here, we use a species distribution modeling to predict the potential distribution of Ae. albopictus including updated field collections from the Black Sea region and georeferenced occurrence data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and Mosquito Alert. Temperature and precipitation values from WorldClim Bioclimatic data and LandScan human population density data served as environmental variables, and models were run using a maximum entropy algorithm in the Maxent program. Human population density contributed the greatest to model performance, followed by minimum temperature of the coldest month. In the Black Sea region, we observed patchy but notable increases in predicted suitability compared to previous global models, including in less densely populated areas. In addition to multiple coastal areas, temperate rainforests of the Caucasus and around the Bosphorus were predicted to be highly suitable for Ae. albopictus. Our field collections confirm Ae. albopictus at high elevations (1779 m), highlighting the need to include habitats at the interface of areas predicted environmentally unsuitable in transboundary surveillance efforts. Model outputs provide new information for institutions monitoring the spread of this invasive vector. Results indicate the need for comprehensive, region-focused surveillance and control strategies to mitigate Ae. albopictus expansion in areas previously considered unsuitable in Georgia, Turkey, Ukraine, and their neighboring countries.},
}
@article {pmid40393488,
year = {2025},
author = {Chouvenc, T and Helmick, EE and Brown, A and Velenovsky, JF and Lee, SB and Gordon, JM and Bahder, BW and Su, NY and Li, HF},
title = {Ongoing human-mediated spread and hybridization of two major invasive termite species.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2047},
pages = {20250413},
pmid = {40393488},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology/ ; //Division of Environmental Biology/ ; //Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences/ ; //National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Isoptera/genetics/physiology ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Introduced Species ; Florida ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; *Animal Distribution ; Taiwan ; },
abstract = {Human-mediated biological invasions can lead to introgressive hybridization events between lineages that have evolved independently, with potential for evolutionary, ecological, economic and social impacts. This study provides evidence for the ongoing spread and hybridization between two major invasive and destructive termite pest species, Coptotermes gestroi and C. formosanus in Florida. Heterospecific courtship behaviour between alates (winged reproductive caste) of the two species has led to the establishment of F1 hybrid colonies in the field, which have matured and produced F1 hybrid alates. Laboratory backcross attempts confirmed the possibility for F1 hybrid female alates to establish viable F2 colonies with males of either parental species. With the recent documentation of introgressive hybridization between the two species in Taiwan, the current study confirms its independent occurrence in Florida, demonstrating that both Coptotermes species can hybridize in areas where their distributions overlap. In Florida, the proximity of field-established hybrid colonies to the large leisure boat industry implies that Florida populations of C. gestroi, C. formosanus and their hybrids will continue to serve as a bridgehead source of propagules for further dispersal beyond their current distribution, with a potential for F1 hybrids to spread outside of Florida.},
}
@article {pmid40391118,
year = {2025},
author = {Sencenbaugh, L and Maxwell, BD and Rew, LJ},
title = {Clash of the Invaders: Competition Dynamics of Bromus tectorum and Ventenata dubia in an Addition Series Study.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {e71458},
pmid = {40391118},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Competitive interactions between co-occurring invasive species can have detrimental impacts on native communities and cause counter-effective responses to management. Targeted removal of one invader may allow for the release of a subdominant invader, causing a secondary invasion. The goal of this research was to elucidate competitive dynamics between Bromus tectorum and Ventenata dubia, two invasive winter annual grasses found in the western United States. We quantified the impacts of (1) intraspecific competition on B. tectorum and V. dubia as the density of conspecifics increased and (2) interspecific competition between the two at varying proportions. The two species were grown at increasing densities and proportions (addition series) over 10 weeks in a greenhouse. Aboveground biomass was harvested and weighed. We derived the intraspecific and interspecific competitive effects on each species with a nonlinear analysis and used these coefficients to determine relative competitive ability (RCA). Both species were impacted by interspecific competition and intraspecific competition. More conspecifics were required to cause a decline in both species' biomass relative to the number of allospecifics that caused the same response. Interestingly, the number of allospecific individuals to imposed an impact was similar. The RCA values for both species were < 1, which indicated that interspecific competition had a greater influence on both species than intraspecific competition. This suggests that the replacement of B. tectorum by V. dubia is unlikely to be caused by aboveground competition alone. However, there are differences in germination timing between the two species; both germinate in the fall, but V. dubia also germinates in the spring. Management that targets fall-germinating individuals may reduce B. tectorum and fall-germinating V. dubia but not impact spring-germinating V. dubia, which may release these individuals from competition. Understanding the competitive interactions between these species provides insight into invasive species impacts and management.},
}
@article {pmid40389579,
year = {2025},
author = {Kartakis, S and Horrocks, KJ and Cingiz, K and Kriticos, DJ and Wesseler, J},
title = {Migration extent and potential economic impact of the fall armyworm in Europe.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {17405},
pmid = {40389579},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {101060634//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; 101060634//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; 101060634//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; 101060634//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Europe ; Zea mays/parasitology/growth &amp; development ; *Animal Migration ; *Spodoptera/physiology ; Crops, Agricultural/economics ; Agriculture/economics ; Introduced Species/economics ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1979), is a major agricultural pest native to the Americas that feeds on several crops, particularly maize. Since 2016, FAW has invaded more than 50 African countries, much of Southeast Asia, and Oceania, severely impacting agriculture and posing a threat to global food security. Following its recent detections in Europe in 2023, this study investigates FAW's migratory capacity and potential direct economic impact on European grain maize production under a "no-control" scenario-areas previously unexplored in the context of Europe. We explored FAW's potential distribution across the European continent by incorporating updated climatic data, refined parameter values, and an expanded occurrence dataset into a revised CLIMEX niche model. Our results reveal sizable potential economic impacts with the southern European Member States facing up to €546 ha[- 1] grain maize gross margin annual losses, exceeding €900 million under the worst-case scenario. These member states bear the highest risk since they include areas projected to be climatically suitable for both permanent FAW establishment and transient populations during warmer months. This study provides important insights into the risks posed by FAW to Europe and can inform preparedness and decision-making to mitigate the economic consequences of its invasion.},
}
@article {pmid40388395,
year = {2025},
author = {Culotta, JA and Ervin, ML and Vetter, BJ and Mensinger, AF},
title = {Conditioning invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis)to enhance the efficacy of acoustic and CO2 deterrents.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {e0320395},
pmid = {40388395},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Carps/physiology ; Acoustics ; *Introduced Species ; Sound ; Behavior, Animal ; },
abstract = {Invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis) have caused substantial ecological and economic damage throughout the Mississippi River Basin and expanded their range threatening the Laurentian Great Lakes. Broadband acoustic deterrents have shown promise in repelling carp and are currently being assessed in navigational lock chambers on the Mississippi River. These nonphysical deterrents permit vessel navigation while reducing carp passage. However, no single deterrent is 100% effective and fish may habituate to the sound after repeated playback. Carp exhibit aversive behaviors to carbon dioxide, which suggests combining these two stimuli into one deterrent system could extend the effective duration of sound and reduce the frequency of carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) application. We conditioned bigheaded carps to associate broadband sound from outboard boat motors (0.06-5 kHz, [Formula: see text]150 dB re. 1 [Formula: see text]Pa) with [Formula: see text] application ([Formula: see text]35,000 ppm) in small (80 L) and large (3475 L) two-choice shuttle tanks. We compared negative phonotaxis responses over one to four weeks between fish conditioned with sound and [Formula: see text], sound and air, or sound alone. Similar [Formula: see text] avoidance thresholds were found across tank sizes and species. Conditioning treatment did not affect time to leave the sound chamber, confirming sound alone remains a deterrent for all fish. Carp conditioned with [Formula: see text] took longer to return to the sound chamber than control treatments. Control fish were closer to the speaker during playback than during the pre-sound period, while fish conditioned with [Formula: see text] were not significantly closer. Conditioning paradigms may extend the effective duration of nonphysical deterrents for bigheaded carps. Conditioning with [Formula: see text] may also increase proactive flight-responses over reactive freeze-responses. Findings could be applied to increase nonphysical barrier effectiveness at locks along the Mississippi River and help protect the Laurentian Great Lakes from invasion.},
}
@article {pmid40388298,
year = {2025},
author = {Muell, MR and Hall, JM and Smith, KV and Oaks, JR and Wolak, ME and Warner, DA},
title = {Comparison of thermal developmental plasticity among seven recently sympatric Anolis species: insights into the evolution of reaction norms.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {79},
number = {9},
pages = {1756-1772},
doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpaf104},
pmid = {40388298},
issn = {1558-5646},
support = {//Meredith Ann Birchfield Endowed Fund/ ; //Auburn University Museum of Natural History/ ; NSF DEB-1942145//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/growth &amp; development/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Sympatry ; Florida ; Temperature ; Phylogeny ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; Female ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Theory predicts that thermal developmental plasticity evolves in response to thermal heterogeneity, suggesting that plasticity may be an important trait for establishment in novel climates. However, few studies use multispecies comparisons to examine how plasticity evolves, meaning that there is little empirical basis with which to examine key theoretical predictions. We estimate patterns of thermal developmental plasticity in morphological and performance traits for 7 Anolis lizard species inhabiting South Florida, USA. We found interspecific differences as well as intraspecific variation in reaction norms across species. Neither temperature heterogeneity in present-day invasive ranges in Florida nor historical temperature heterogeneity from the contemporary native ranges predicted reaction norm variation. Phylogeny and species identity typically predicted around 90%-95% of reaction norm variation. Overall, these results suggest that thermal developmental plasticity in these traits exhibits variation that could be inconsistent with patterns expected under adaptive evolution to macroclimate. Examining the role of maternal nesting behavior and sampling of additional species can help to distinguish between neutral variation and selection toward multiple adaptive peaks. Our comparative study of thermal developmental plasticity in lizards provides new insights about macroevolutionary dynamics behind the evolution of developmental plasticity and the conditions under which adaptive plasticity is expected to evolve.},
}
@article {pmid40387501,
year = {2025},
author = {Vardakas, L and Perdikaris, C and Freyhof, J and Zimmerman, B and Ford, M and Vlachopoulos, K and Koutsikos, N and Karaouzas, I and Chamoglou, M and Kalogianni, E},
title = {Global Patterns and Drivers of Freshwater Fish Extinctions: Can We Learn From Our Losses?.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {e70244},
pmid = {40387501},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {Animals ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Fresh Water ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Nearly one-third of extant freshwater fish species, which account for over 50% of global fish diversity, are at risk of extinction. Despite their crucial ecological and socioeconomic importance, the extinction of freshwater fishes remains under-researched on a global scale. This is a comprehensive assessment of taxonomic, spatial, and temporal patterns of freshwater fish extinctions while identifying key extinction drivers and driver synergies. Using data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, 89 extinct freshwater fish and 11 extinct in the wild were analyzed. Taxonomic statistical analysis revealed the disproportionate impact on Cyprinidae, Leuciscidae, and Salmonidae. Estimated globally for the period 1851-2016, the modern extinction rate for freshwater fishes stands at 33.47 extinctions per million species-years (E/MSY), more than 100 times greater than the natural background extinction rate of 0.33 E/MSY. Extinction rates, when calculated per continent using the number of extinct species and the total number of species per continent, indicated that North America has the highest extinction rate (225.60 E/MSY), followed by Europe (220.26 E/MSY) and Asia (34.62 E/MSY). Although Africa is less affected, it still shows a 42-fold increase over the background rate. Bayesian modeling, reflecting cumulative species extinctions, indicated a strong association of North America and Asia with species loss (37 and 34 extinctions, respectively), a moderate one for Europe (20 extinctions) and a weak association of Africa (eight extinctions). Natural system modification, pollution, and invasive species emerged as the primary extinction drivers, often acting synergistically. Temporal trends indicate an acceleration in extinctions since the mid-20th century. This study highlights that, despite recent increases in conservation efforts, freshwater fish extinctions continue to rise, indicating the urgent need for integrated conservation strategies. Without immediate action, many species currently at risk may soon follow the same trajectory of extinction as the 100 extinct freshwater fishes of this study.},
}
@article {pmid40387160,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Z and Zhu, B and Gao, L and Wei, C and Siemann, E and Liu, W and Lu, X},
title = {Native Plant Diversity Provides Resistance to Invasion by an Alien Species in Natural and Experimental Settings.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {e70137},
doi = {10.1111/ele.70137},
pmid = {40387160},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {31872034 &amp; 32171585//The National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; China ; Animals ; *Amaranthaceae/physiology ; Herbivory ; Ecosystem ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {It remains uncertain whether native plant diversity increases resistance to plant invasions at meaningful scales in nature due to contradictions between observational and experimental studies. In a field survey of 253 sites spanning 15 latitudinal degrees in China, we found that the relative abundance of the invader Alternanthera philoxeroides decreased with increasing native plant richness. Results from a 3-year field experiment and a 2-year mesocosm experiment further demonstrated that native diversity can suppress A. philoxeroides population growth (but not dominance) when natives precede the invader, or limit its population size when natives arrive after the invader. Insect herbivores and the soil biota were unlikely to influence diversity-based resistance in the field experiment, as their effects on both A. philoxeroides and native species did not change with native richness. Our results provide solid evidence that native plant diversity can provide resistance against plant invasion in natural ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40385234,
year = {2025},
author = {Cai, M and Chen, L and Chen, M and Ke, W and Wang, D and Peng, C},
title = {Nitrate nitrogen uptake and metabolism in Mikania micrantha stem: insights into enhanced growth and invasiveness.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1525303},
pmid = {40385234},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition, characterized by a rising proportion of nitrate nitrogen (NO3[-]-N), is exacerbating the spread of invasive plant species. Despite this trend, the response mechanisms of Mikania micrantha, a highly invasive plant, to NO3[-]-N remain poorly understood. This study investigates the unique adaptation strategies of M. micrantha to elevated NO3[-]-N levels, providing novel insights into its invasive success under changing nitrogen deposition patterns. Field experiments showed that M. micrantha rhizosphere soil contained higher NO3 [-]N content and protease activity compared to companion plants (Paederia scandens, Ipomoea nil, and Ipomoea cairica). Both roots and stems of M. micrantha had higher NO3 [-]N content and demonstrated stronger nitrogen metabolism capabilities. Pot experiments further showed that increasing NO3[-]-N concentrations (0 mM-40 mM) significantly promoted M. micrantha growth, with optimal phenotypic responses (main stem length, leaf number, branch number, and biomass) observed at 5 mM NO3[-]-N. Nitrogen metabolism enzyme assays revealed that nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and free amino acid content increased progressively with NO3[-]-N concentration. Transcriptome sequencing and qPCR analyses identified upregulation of key genes related to transcription factors, nitrate transporter-related, nitrogen metabolism enzyme, and amino acid synthesis pathway. These findings demonstrate that M. micrantha employs a multifaceted strategy to exploit elevated NO3[-]-N conditions: enhanced NO3[-]-N uptake from soil, efficient transport to stems, and robust nitrogen metabolism facilitated by coordinated gene expression. This study reveals the adaptation mechanisms of M. micrantha to NO3[-]-N enrichment, offering critical insights for predicting and managing invasive species responses to global atmospheric nitrogen deposition changes. The results highlight the importance of considering nitrogen composition, rather than just quantity, in invasive species management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40383887,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiang, ZB and Wu, RW and Huang, RZ and Yan, H and Liao, S and Bao, ZY},
title = {A survey of the introduction of Rhododendron from China to the United States during 1898-2023.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {12},
pages = {3369-3376},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202412.007},
pmid = {40383887},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {*Rhododendron/growth &amp; development/classification ; China ; United States ; History, 19th Century ; *Introduced Species/history ; Ecosystem ; History, 21st Century ; History, 20th Century ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The United States has conducted extensive plant introduction activities worldwide since the 19th century. Rhododendron species received particular attention due to their high ornamental value. In the 20th century, the United States focused particularly on Rhododendron resources in China. To clarify the history of the introduction of Rhododendron from China to the United States, we compiled historical records to trace the history of American Rhododendron introductions from China between 1898 and 2023, and verified the botanical names, introduction times, locations, and collectors. The results showed that a total of 1406 records of American Rhododendron introductions from China were compiled, including 215 species (including 27 varieties and 12 subspecies), which accounted for 29.5% of the total number of Rhododendron species in China. The introduction activities covered 20 provincial administrative regions, and 10 collectors were involved, with Wilson and Rock standing out for their significant contributions. The American introductions of Rhododendron from China enriched the diversity of Rhododendron species in the United States and enhancing their application in American gardens.},
}
@article {pmid40383712,
year = {2025},
author = {Longcamp, A and Draghi, J},
title = {Evolutionary rescue of niche constructors from habitat exploitation: Fecundity costs can promote rescue.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {79},
number = {12},
pages = {2667-2681},
doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpaf090},
pmid = {40383712},
issn = {1558-5646},
support = {2147101//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Fertility ; *Biological Evolution ; *Genetic Fitness ; Introduced Species ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Organisms can improve their fitness by modifying their environments-a process known as (positive) niche construction. Since niche construction is inherently costly, requiring time and energy to perform, niche constructors are vulnerable to displacement by non-niche-constructing invaders that exploit the constructed habitats. One way constructors could avoid such displacement is by adapting to withstand the invaders and thus undergoing evolutionary rescue. Here, we first analytically approximate the probability that a niche-constructing population-one building reproductive habitats-undergoes evolutionary rescue from habitat exploitation by an invading species. Then, we evaluate the approximation under two different fitness costs of construction: a fecundity cost and a mortality cost. We find that fecundity costs are not only less harmful than mortality costs but can even promote rescue compared with no costs by reducing the rate at which constructors attempt reproduction and thus construction. The resulting lower habitat density slows invasion, which then buys constructors more time to mutate. This invasion-slowing benefit can be stronger if the fecundity cost, instead of deriving from construction, stems from niche destruction, where organisms destroy their own habitats. Our results suggest that the same fitness costs rendering constructors vulnerable to habitat exploitation can help rescue constructors from such exploitation.},
}
@article {pmid40382738,
year = {2025},
author = {Azri-Shah, NN and Yusoff, NAH and Abdullah, F and Ishak, AN and Husin, NM and Wee, HB and Jones, JB and Ikhwanuddin, M and Nor, SAM and Hassan, M},
title = {Genetic and Population Diversity of Temnocephalids Associated with the Invasive Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in Malaysia.},
journal = {Acta parasitologica},
volume = {70},
number = {3},
pages = {112},
pmid = {40382738},
issn = {1896-1851},
support = {(Vot 63933 and 56053)//This research was also supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) programme, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Malaysia ; *Astacoidea/parasitology ; *Genetic Variation ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Introduced Species ; Haplotypes ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: A previous study revealed that temnocephalids Diceratocephala boschmai, Craspedella pedum, and Decadidymus sp. were highly prevalent in Cheraq quadricarinatus in Melaka and Johor, Malaysia.<br><br>METHODS: Herein, study was conducted to extract temnocephalids from C. quadricarinatus and identified using a molecular approach via two DNA markers: 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1). Thereafter, the population diversity of D. boschmai in Malaysia using the CO1 DNA marker was analysed to visualize the genetic associations among populations.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis of 16 variable (segregating) sites in the CO1 gene alignment of sequence from D. boschmai revealed a calculated haplotype diversity of 0.1266 among populations which indicates genetic variation within the studied groups. Additionally, the determination of nucleotide diversity (II) yielded a value of 0.0035, and Tajima's D neutrality test yielded a negative value for all populations, suggesting no significant departure from neutral evolution.<br><br>CONCLUSION: AMOVA analysis indicated that the genetic variation or polymorphism is primarily contributed within populations (95%) compared to between populations (4%).},
}
@article {pmid40379971,
year = {2025},
author = {Everts, T and Deflem, I and Van Driessche, C and Neyrinck, S and Ruttink, T and Jacquemyn, H and Brys, R},
title = {Multiple source locations and long-distance dispersal explain the rapid spread of a recent amphibian invasion.},
journal = {Heredity},
volume = {134},
number = {6},
pages = {362-373},
pmid = {40379971},
issn = {1365-2540},
support = {1S23822N//Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research Foundation Flanders)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Genetics, Population ; Gene Flow ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Animal Distribution ; Belgium ; *Rana catesbeiana/genetics ; Rivers ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Rapid range expansions are characteristic for non-native invasive species when introduced outside their native range. Understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of expanding non-native invasive species is key for regional management. While population genetics and long-term occurrence records are often used in this context, each provides only partial insights, highlighting the need for a combined approach. We demonstrate this synergy using the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) invasion in the Grote Nete river valley (Belgium) as a case study. It is commonly believed that this invasion constitutes a single metapopulation established by one primary introduction followed by downstream dispersal. However, recent evidence suggests a more complex scenario, involving introduction at multiple locations and bidirectional dispersal. To differentiate between both scenarios, we analysed nearly three decades of occurrence records and 8592 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 372 individuals from 31 localities, and determined the number of source locations, the range expansion rate, the population genetic structure, and the magnitude and direction of gene flow. We found that invasive spread originated from up to six source locations followed by bidirectional dispersal and downstream long-distance dispersal (LDD) events. Our results suggest that at least two source locations were founded by primary introductions, two from LDD events, while the remaining resulted from secondary introductions. A canal crossing the river was identified as a dispersal barrier, leading to different invasion dynamics on both sides. Our study shows how asynchronous introductions at multiple locations, dispersal barriers, and environmental heterogeneity can lead to distinct spread dynamics within a seemingly continuous and interconnected metapopulation.},
}
@article {pmid40379091,
year = {2025},
author = {Hughes, E and Moyers-Gonzalez, M and Murray, R and Wilson, PL},
title = {A mathematically robust model of exotic pine invasions.},
journal = {Mathematical biosciences},
volume = {386},
number = {},
pages = {109456},
doi = {10.1016/j.mbs.2025.109456},
pmid = {40379091},
issn = {1879-3134},
mesh = {*Pinus ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Models, Biological ; *Models, Theoretical ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Invasive pine trees pose a threat to biodiversity in a variety of Southern Hemisphere countries, but understanding of the dynamics of invasions and the factors that retard or accelerate spread is limited. We review past mathematical models of wilding pine spread, including spatially explicit individual-based models, recursive partitioning methods, and integrodifference matrix models (IDMs). In contrast to these approaches, we use partial differential equations to model an invasion. We show that invasions are almost static for a significant period of time before rapidly accelerating to spread at a constant rate, matching observed behaviour in at least some field sites. Our work suggests that prior methods for estimating invasion speeds may not accurately predict spread and are sensitive to assumptions about the distribution of parameters. However, we present alternative estimation methods and suggest directions for further research.},
}
@article {pmid40376173,
year = {2025},
author = {Sánchez, O and González-García, V and Robla, J and Arias, A},
title = {Slow Invaders Going Fast: New Data of Exotic Slugs (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata) From Spain.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {e71306},
pmid = {40376173},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species are a major concern in the current scenario of biodiversity loss. Most studies focus on vertebrates and insects, while other groups have been profoundly overlooked. Particularly, terrestrial slugs are among the most understudied taxa. Here, we contribute to expanding the scarce knowledge on exotic invertebrates by reporting the occurrence of two non-native terrestrial slugs in the Iberian Peninsula (northern Spain): Ambigolimax parvipenis, being also the first morphological confirmation for continental Spain, and Boettgerilla pallens, constituting the first record for continental Spain as well. Both species were collected in gardened urban areas or in peri-urban areas with a high presence of exotic ornamental plants. Some individuals were used for anatomical studies, while other ones were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification and sequencing, comparing their sequences with closely related species from GenBank and confirming their previous morphological identification. Early detection of exotic species is crucial to avoid potential future threats. Unfortunately, many non-native species remain understudied or misidentified, leading to a silent invasion. Our findings entail a new step in the understanding of this neglected group and in the implications of urban gardened areas as a source of arrival of exotic fauna.},
}
@article {pmid40374172,
year = {2025},
author = {Calvo-Mac, C and Delgado-Parada, N and Muñoz-Zanzi, C and Medina-Vogel, G},
title = {Landscape Variables Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Exposure in American Mink (Neogale vison) and Domestic Cats (Felis catus) in the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest, Chile.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {61},
number = {3},
pages = {587-599},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-24-00099},
pmid = {40374172},
issn = {1943-3700},
mesh = {Animals ; *Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology/parasitology ; Chile/epidemiology ; Cats ; *Mink/parasitology ; *Toxoplasma/isolation &amp; purification ; *Cat Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology ; Rainforest ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {Toxoplasma gondii, a globally distributed protozoan, poses risks to wildlife and public health, with domestic cats playing a significant role in its dissemination. The Valdivian temperate rainforest in southern Chile, known for its biodiversity and endemism, faces threats from human activities and from invasive species such as domestic cats. We evaluated T. gondii seroprevalence in two sympatric introduced carnivores, an intermediate host, the American mink (Neogale vison), and a definitive host, the domestic cat (Felis catus), and we determined landscape variables linked to exposure for both species and identified high T. gondii exposure using ecological niche modeling. Seroprevalence for T. gondii in 180 American minks and 140 domestic cats exceeded 60% in both species, indicating significant exposure to T. gondii within the study area. Spatial analysis highlighted a relationship between low-altitude areas, characterized by floodable forests and slower river flow, and elevated T. gondii exposure in both species. Areas with agricultural activity and higher human and cattle densities, such as croplands and grasslands, exhibited an increased risk of T. gondii exposure. Parasite exposure was higher in the Tolten and Valdivia River basins compared to the other four basins studied. These findings emphasize the importance of considering landscape factors, including altitude, land use, and human activities, when assessing T. gondii exposure patterns. The identified landscape variables associated with exposure and the mapping of high-risk areas can guide public health and conservation management plans.},
}
@article {pmid40371976,
year = {2025},
author = {Alexandre, N and Balacco, J and Tilley, T and Abueg, L and Brajuka, N and Moreira, LR and Whelan, C and Schwarz Taylor, E and Jarvis, ED and Fedrigo, O and Shapiro, B and Keyte, AL},
title = {A Chromosome-level genome of the Nicobar pigeon, Caloenas nicobarica.},
journal = {The Journal of heredity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jhered/esaf031},
pmid = {40371976},
issn = {1465-7333},
abstract = {The Nicobar pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica), the closest living relative of the extinct Dodo (Raphus cucullatus), is endemic to Southeast Asia with a fragmented distribution across numerous small islands. It suffers from habitat loss, hunting, and predation from invasive species, resulting in its classification as Near-Threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We have generated a haplotype-resolved and chromosome-level genome assembly of the Nicobar pigeon using a combination of PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing and Arima Hi-C chromatin interaction mapping. This assembly includes two haplotypes, each spanning approximately 1.2 Gb. Haplotype 1 has a contig N50 of 25.2 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 79.7 Mb, while haplotype 2 has a contig N50 of 24.7 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 107.9 Mb. As the first high-quality genome assembly of any bird in the Columbidae Indo-Pacific clade, this resource provides valuable insights for phylogenetic studies. Furthermore, the phylogenetic proximity of the Nicobar pigeon to the Dodo (Raphus cucullatus) and the Rodrigues Solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria) offers a unique opportunity to study these extinct species, making this assembly a critical resource for evolutionary studies. It also offers a unique model for studying genetic diversity, adaptation, and speciation in island environments. This genomic resource will not only enhance our understanding of the evolutionary history of the Nicobar pigeon but also serves as a valuable tool for future conservation efforts aimed at preserving this unique species and its fragile island ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid40371662,
year = {2025},
author = {Bitarafan, Z and Kaczmarek-Derda, W and Berge, TW and Fløistad, IS and Andreasen, C},
title = {Steaming soil is effective in eliminating invasive alien plants (IAPs) - part II: effect of soil type.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {9},
pages = {5543-5550},
pmid = {40371662},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Norges Forskningsr&#xe5;d/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Plant Weeds/growth &amp; development ; *Weed Control/methods ; Germination ; Lupinus/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Seeds/growth &amp; development ; Echinochloa/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Bromus/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Heracleum/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Avena/growth &amp; development ; *Steam ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soil disinfestation by steaming was evaluated due to its efficacy in controlling or potentially eradicating weed seeds. We exposed two soil types containing aggressive weeds to steam using a soil vacuum steaming method. The aim was to examine whether the method could be used to avoid the spreading of viable seeds to new regions when soil is reused.<br><br>RESULTS: Dry seeds from two populations of Avena fatua and Echinochloa crus-galli and one population of Bromus sterilis, Lupinus polyphyllus, and Heracleum mantegazzianum were incorporated in a medium sandy soil and a silty coarse sandy soil and examined for thermal sensitivity. Soil temperatures in the target range of 60-99&#x2009;&#xb0;C, followed by a 3-min dwelling period, were tested. Increased soil temperature decreased seed germination. The two soil types did not influence the germination or viability response in most cases. For both populations of A. fatua, B. sterilis, and E. crus-galli, a soil temperature of approximately 75&#x2009;&#xb0;C followed by a dwelling period of 180&#x2009;s reduced the germination by about 90%. Heracleum mantegazzianum was more susceptible to heat than L. polyphyllus which required more than 100&#x2009;&#xb0;C to reduce seed germination by 90%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Soil steaming using a vacuum was an effective method to kill seeds of invasive alien plants (IAPs) in both soil types. However, the species showed different responses, indicating that steam temperature must be adapted to the specific weeds' susceptibility to heat. A temperature above 100&#x2009;&#xb0;C (or longer dwelling periods than 3&#x2009;min) in the soil matrix might be necessary to kill all seeds. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40371122,
year = {2025},
author = {Ligero-López, J and Bargues, MD and Artigas, P and Colangeli, G and Peiró-Codina, F and Ducons-Márquez, M and López-Alonso, B and Goñi, P and Beltrán-Rosel, A},
title = {Molecular identification of Coranus spp. in a pregnant patient: A case of misidentified Chagas disease vector in Spain.},
journal = {Parasite epidemiology and control},
volume = {29},
number = {},
pages = {e00426},
pmid = {40371122},
issn = {2405-6731},
abstract = {Chagas disease is a significant public health concern in the Americas, transmitted primarily by vectors of the Triatominae subfamily. While Europe, particularly Spain, is free from endemic vectors, the potential for misidentification of non-hematophagous insects as Chagas vectors exists, leading to unnecessary alarm. We present the case of a 31-year-old pregnant Venezuelan woman residing in Spain, who sought medical attention after being bitten by an arthropod she identified as Triatoma infestans. The patient's awareness of Chagas disease in her country of origin heightened her concern about vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to her fetus. However, serological testing for T. cruzi antibodies was negative. The insect was initially misidentified as T. infestans but was later confirmed through molecular analysis to be Coranus spp., a non-hematophagous reduviid predator. The 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed a 99.37 % similarity to Coranus spp., ruling out any vectorial capacity for Chagas disease. This case underscores the importance of accurate arthropod identification, especially in non-endemic regions, to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. From a public health perspective, the introduction of a Chagas disease vector into Spain would represent a serious threat, necessitating prompt identification and containment measures. Our findings highlight the challenges posed by invasive species and the need for vigilance in regions where Chagas disease is not endemic. Proper identification of suspected vectors is crucial to ensure appropriate clinical and public health responses, preventing unwarranted anxiety and ensuring accurate disease surveillance.},
}
@article {pmid40370354,
year = {2025},
author = {Vo-Tan, K and Bich, VTT and Thanh, MT and Tien, TT and Do, HDK and Nguyen, NT},
title = {The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson (Commelinaceae).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {e71402},
pmid = {40370354},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson (Commelinaceae) is an invasive species in Vietnam but exhibits ornamental and potential medicinal values. However, the genomic data of C. fragrans have not been discovered. In this study, we employed the Illumina sequencing platform to complete the chloroplast genome of C. fragrans, which was 163,887 bp in length. This quadripartite genome consisted of a large single copy region of 90,751 bp, a small single copy region of 18,684 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 27,226 bp each. Additionally, there were 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and four ribosomal RNA genes in the chloroplast genome of C. fragrans. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a conserved pattern of genome structure and gene content among Callisia species. However, in contrast to the pseudogenization of accD and rpoA in C. repens and C. insignis, these genes were intact in C. fragrans. Comparative genomic analysis revealed seven variable regions in the chloroplast genomes of three Callisia species, including rps16-trnQ_UUG, psbI-trnG_UCC, rpoB-psbM, trnP_UGG-rpl33, ndhF-trnL_UAG, rps15-ycf1, and ycf1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the monophyly of Callisia species and a close relationship between C. fragrans and C. repens. This study provides initial data of the chloroplast genome for further genomic studies examining genetic populations, phylogeny, and molecular markers of C. fragrans and related species in Commelinaceae.},
}
@article {pmid40370179,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, JY and Ding, GY and Tian, XJ},
title = {Research progress on the application of the MaxEnt model in species habitat prediction.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {614-624},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202502.025},
pmid = {40370179},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Climate Change ; *Biodiversity ; Introduced Species ; Endangered Species ; *Machine Learning ; Entropy ; Forecasting ; *Models, Theoretical ; Animals ; *Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Climate change and anthropogenic activities are profoundly affecting species distribution range and habitat suitability. In recent years, using models to predict potential suitable habitats for different species has become one of the research focuses in this field. The maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), a machine learning model based on the data of species distribution and environmental variables, has been widely used in predicting species habitats. First, we introduced the mechanism, establishment process, optimization method and assessment system of the MaxEnt model. Then, we reviewed the application of the model in potential habitat prediction of endangered species and invasive species, and the simulation of the potential distribution of species under future climate change. Fina-lly, we proposed current challenges and future development prospects of the MaxEnt model, aiming to strengthen its role in predicting the natural distribution of species, and provide technical references for biodiversity conservation and management.},
}
@article {pmid40370166,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, R and Zhao, YZ and Chen, Y and Zheng, XL and Zhou, Y and Shao, S and Liang, CF and Qin, H and Chen, JH},
title = {Litter, soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and enzyme activity in a typical broadleaved forest invaded by Moso bamboo.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {489-496},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202502.012},
pmid = {40370166},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {Soil/chemistry ; *Carbon/analysis ; *Nitrogen/analysis ; *Forests ; *Introduced Species ; China ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Poaceae/growth &amp; development ; *Sasa/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {We investigated the effects of bamboo invasion on the quantity and quality of litter input, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions and enzyme activities across an invasion sequence composed of evergreen broadleaved forest, mixed broadleaved and bamboo forest, and pure Moso bamboo forest. The results showed that stan-ding litter biomass, annual litter production, and the litter C content in mixed broadleaved and Moso bamboo forest was lower than the broadleaved forest by 49.0%, 7.3% and 8.2%, respectively, while that in pure Moso bamboo forest was lower than the broadleaved forest by 59.5%, 48.6%, and 18.7%. Bamboo invasion resulted in a significant decrease in soil organic C in broadleaved forest. Compared with broadleaved forest, soil organic C and total N in pure Moso bamboo forest were decreased by 52.1% and 15.0%. There was no significant difference between the mixed forest and broadleaved forest. Bamboo invasion significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N, but decreased soil labile and recalcitrant C pools, as well as the proportion of recalcitrant C pool to soil organic C. The activities of soil phenol oxidase, peroxidase and β-glucosidase in mixed forest and pure bamboo forest were generally lower than those in broadleaved forest. The specific enzyme activities (per unit of soil organic C) in bamboo forest was significantly higher than that in the broadleaved forest and mixed forest. Soil organic C content and the recalcitrant C fraction were significantly positively correlated with annual litter production, standing litter biomass, and litter C content, but negatively correlated with the specific enzyme activities of phenol oxidase and peroxidase. Results of structural equation modeling showed that Moso bamboo invasion decreased recalcitrant C pool mainly by reducing litter input and enhancing the specific activities of enzymes involved in organic C degradation. In conclusion, Moso bamboo invasion reduced litter C input, increased the specific activities of soil enzymes involved in soil organic matter decomposition, which was not conducive to the accumulation of soil organic matter in broadleaved forest.},
}
@article {pmid40367885,
year = {2025},
author = {Mo, S and Wu, X and Kashif, M and Zeng, S and Sang, Y and Meng, C and He, S and Jiang, C},
title = {Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on carbon fixation and sulfate reduction in a subtropical marine mangrove ecosystem.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {118128},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118128},
pmid = {40367885},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Carbon Cycle ; *Sulfates/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; *Poaceae/physiology ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Ecosystem ; *Rhizophoraceae ; },
abstract = {Mangrove sediments host diverse microbial communities that are crucial for carbon fixation, but their functions and pathways in subtropical ecosystems-particularly under Spartina alterniflora invasion and across varying sediment depths-remain unclear. This study employed metagenomic and qPCR analyses to explore microbial carbon fixation in Rhizophora stylosa, S. alterniflora, and bare beach habitats. Environmental factors like Cd, sulfide, pH, and salinity significantly influenced carbon fixation and sulfate reduction. Specifically, the invasion increased the abundance of key carbon fixation genes, including aclA/B, cbbL, and korA, which are involved in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) and Arnon-Buchanan (rTCA) cycles, respectively. This shift in gene abundance was accompanied by elevated Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) activity (0.47-21.82 nmol CO2 g[-1] soil min[-1]), suggesting a potential increase in microbial CO2 fixation rates in S. alterniflora-invaded sediments. Sediment depth also affected the distribution of carbon fixation genes and carbon-metabolizing microbes. Desulfobacterota were identified as major contributors to carbon fixation via both the rTCA and CBB cycles. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed between carbon fixation and sulfate reduction. These findings reveal how S. alterniflora invasion impacts carbon fixation and enhance our understanding of the mangrove ecosystems' role in climate change regulation.},
}
@article {pmid40365914,
year = {2025},
author = {Diallo, JO and Converse, SJ and Chmiel, M and Stites, AJ and Olden, JD},
title = {Optimizing control of a freshwater invader in time and space.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {e70026},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70026},
pmid = {40365914},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {DGE-2140004//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; DGE 1922004//National Science Foundation National Research Traineeship award (Future Rivers Program at the University of Washington)/ ; //University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Richard C. and Lois M. Worthington Endowed Professor in Fisheries Management/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Fishes/physiology ; Time Factors ; Arizona ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Rivers ; Fresh Water ; Bayes Theorem ; *Perciformes/physiology ; },
abstract = {The global spread of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems has prompted population control efforts to mitigate negative impacts on native species and ecosystem functions. Removal programs that optimally allocate removal effort across space and time offer promise for improving invader suppression or eradication, especially given the limited resources available to these programs. However, science-based guidance to inform such programs remains limited. This study leverages two intensive fish removal programs for nonnative green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) in intermittent streams of the Bill Williams River basin in Arizona, USA, to explore alternative management strategies involving variable allocation of removal effort in time and space and compare static versus dynamic decision rules. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate demographic parameters using existing removal data, with evidence that both removal programs led to at least a 0.39 probability of eradication. Simulated alternative management strategies revealed that population suppression, but not eradication, could be achieved with reduced effort and that dynamic management practices that respond to species abundance in real time can improve the efficiency of removal efforts. High removal frequency and program duration, including continued monitoring after zero fish were captured, contributed to successful population control. With management efforts struggling to keep pace with the rising spread and impacts of invasive species, this research demonstrates the utility of quantitative removal models to help improve invasive removal programs and robustly evaluate the success of population suppression and eradication.},
}
@article {pmid40365903,
year = {2025},
author = {Drenovsky, RE and Reicholf, R and Futrell, CJ and Gallego-Tévar, B and Grewell, BJ},
title = {Functional trait responses of invasive Ludwigia species to contrasting hydrological conditions.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {112},
number = {5},
pages = {e70038},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70038},
pmid = {40365903},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {Floods ; *Introduced Species ; *Onagraceae/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Hydrology ; Plant Shoots/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Seasons ; Plant Leaves/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Wetlands ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Hydrological regime influences wetland plant species distribution and performance. Global warming and extreme weather events are magnifying flooding patterns, and understanding how invasive taxa respond across life stages (establishment vs. established phase) is important for predicting and managing their colonization and spread. Our objective was to measure flood trait responses at contrasting life stages in closely related congeners (Ludwigia peploides, diploid; L. hexapetala, decaploid; Onagraceae) differing in their invasiveness in the field.<br><br>METHODS: In the field, we assessed phenological responses to seasonal hydrological changes, and in mesocosms, we assessed flood stress responses of establishing shoot fragments under deep-flooded, shallow-flooded, and gradual drawdown hydrological treatments.<br><br>RESULTS: Counter to expectations, establishing L. peploides expressed more flood tolerance traits in mesocosms than L. hexapetala. For example, L. peploides had greater total leaf area and aerenchyma production than L. hexapetala, supporting its growth under flooding, whereas L. hexapetala expressed more flood escape traits (higher shoot elongation rates, trend for longer shoot internode length). Although L. hexapetala expressed some traits associated with drought tolerance, these trends were not significant. In the field, longer-established plants had a reversed pattern for flood escape versus tolerance traits. Ludwigia peploides rapidly shifted to sexual reproduction as soils began to dry, whereas L. hexaetala flowered regardless of soil moisture availability.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These contrasting patterns of flood tolerance versus escape traits demonstrate that invasive Ludwigia congeners have differing strategies to counter physiological stress induced by flooding and emphasize the importance of life stage in response to environmental variation.},
}
@article {pmid40365479,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, L and Li, J and Yang, C and Wang, P and Xie, G and Wang, W},
title = {Identifying Drivers Affecting the Spatial Distribution of Suitable Habitat for the Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in China: Insights From Ensemble Model and Geographical Detector.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {e71433},
pmid = {40365479},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Biological invasions have become an important threat to global ecological security and forest health, and exploring the environmental driving mechanisms of invasive species is important for prevention and control. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934), as a highly destructive invasive species, has its distribution and spread driven by a combination of various environmental factors. The study systematically evaluated the habitat suitability and key driving factors of B. xylophilus in the current period by applying an ensemble model and an optimized parameter-based geographical detector. The results indicate that bioclimatic, vegetation indices, topographical features, and human activities are key environmental factors influencing the distribution of B. xylophilus, with highly suitable areas primarily located in southern, northern, and northeastern China. Meanwhile, the synergistic interaction between slope and population density (PD) significantly enhanced the suitability of B. xylophilus distribution, while the interaction between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and global human influence index (GHII) exhibited a nonlinear weakening effect. Additionally, the habitat suitability of B. xylophilus increased with the expansion of isothermality, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, global human footprint, GHII, and PD, while it gradually decreased with the increase of UV-B seasonality and NDVI. This study thoroughly explored the mechanisms by which various environmental factors influence the habitat suitability of B. xylophilus, revealing the complexity of regional driving factors. The findings not only provide theoretical support for predicting the ecological suitability of B. xylophilus but also offer scientific evidence for comprehensively analyzing the key factors affecting its distribution.},
}
@article {pmid40365476,
year = {2025},
author = {Le Roux, JJ and Brown, L and Carroll, SP and O'Hare, JA and Herbert, JM and Delamotte, NM and Bersee, N and Iredell, S and Clarke, RM and Kosak, S and Dudaniec, RY and Geraghty, DM},
title = {Fitness and Morphology Support Genetic Differentiation Across Different Geographic Scales in a Native Insect Utilising Native vs. Invasive Host Plants.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {e71373},
pmid = {40365476},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Native species can evolve rapidly in response to utilising invasive species as novel resources. We investigated the genetic and trait differentiation of the Australian soapberry bug Leptocoris tagalicus across three biotypes: those feeding on invasive Cardiospermum grandiflorum in New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (Qld), invasive C. halicacabum in the Northern Territory (NT), and on the native host Alectryon tomentosus (in Qld). Genetic analyses revealed moderate differentiation between NT insects and those from NSW and Qld (F ST = 0.033). Conversely, insects from NSW and Qld had low genetic differentiation, irrespective of their host plant associations (F ST = 0.008). Field data and data from a multi-generation experiment indicated ongoing adaptation in proboscis length in insects feeding on the two invasive host plant species, likely in response to the sizes of their fruits. Multi-generation hybridisation experiments demonstrated high narrow sense heritability in insect proboscis length and body size (H2 = 0.48 and 0.4, respectively). Crosses involving F1 hybrids of insect biotypes generally outperformed inter-biotype and control crosses. Taken together, these findings support ongoing genetic differentiation among L. tagalicus biotypes across different spatial scales, even in instances of high gene flow.},
}
@article {pmid40364394,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao, K and Shi, P and Xu, X and Wang, J},
title = {Self-Inhibition Effects of Litter-Mediated Plant-Phyllosphere Feedback on Seedling Growth in Invasive and Native Congeneric Species.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {40364394},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Plant-phyllosphere feedback (PPF) is an ecological process in which phyllosphere microbiota, originating from plant litter, are transmitted via aerosols and subsequently influence the growth of conspecific or heterospecific plants. However, the cross-species generality of this mechanism and its role in invasive plant success remain to be fully elucidated. This study systematically examined PPF effects using three invasive/native congeneric plant pairs from distinct families (Phytolaccaceae, Asteraceae, and Amaranthaceae) in Jiangxi Province, China. Key findings include the following: (1) Wide conspecific negative feedback across families, with four of six species exhibiting 6.2-12.7% biomass reduction under their own litter treatments (p < 0.05). (2) Comparable feedback intensity between invasive and native species, as indicated by average pairwise indices (invasive I = -0.05 vs. native I = -0.04; p = 0.15). Notably, the invasive species Phytolacca americana uniquely showed a positive biomass response (+7.1%), though underlying mechanisms (phytochemical or microbial) were not investigated. (3) Lack of correlation between PPF strength and plant functional traits or phylogenetic distance, as indicated by Mantel tests (p > 0.8), in contrast to the trait/phylogeny associations commonly observed in soil feedback systems. This study provided the first evidence of PPF universality across multiple plant families-previously documented only within Asteraceae-and highlights the potential microbial-mediated advantages in plant invasions. Future research should integrate spatiotemporal metagenomic and metabolomic approaches to decipher the dynamic pathogen/microbe networks and their phytochemical interactions.},
}
@article {pmid40364392,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Yang, M and Ma, X and Hu, Q and Feng, L and Hu, Y and He, J and Zhang, X and Zheng, J},
title = {The Ecological Risks and Invasive Potential of Introduced Ornamental Plants in China.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {40364392},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {The import of ornamental plants has become a major source of alien invasive plants in China, posing threats to local ecosystems. However, research on their invasive potential and management strategies remains limited. This study evaluated the invasion risks of nine representative introduced ornamental plants (including naturalized and invasive species) in China (IOPCs). Using ecospat to perform climatic niche comparisons, we found significant unfilling and expansion (>50%) in most introduced ornamental plants, indicating strong invasiveness. Species distribution models (SDMs) were applied to predict the current and future distributions of these IOPCs under four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) across four time periods (2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100). The SDM results showed that the current high-risk areas are concentrated in southern China. Under future climate change, moderate- and high-risk zones are projected to shift northward, with the total areas increasing significantly, namely moderate-risk areas by 106.10% and high-risk areas by 64.35%, particularly in the border regions of Jiangxi, Fujian, and Zhejiang. We recommend establishing restricted introduction lists for non-native ornamental plants, enhancing monitoring and management in high-risk regions, and implementing early eradication measures. This study quantified the invasion risks and potential distributions of representative invasive ornamental plants, providing a scientific basis for effective control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40363752,
year = {2025},
author = {Kato-Noguchi, H and Kato, M},
title = {Defensive Compounds Involved in the Invasiveness of Tithonia diversifolia.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {40363752},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Asteraceae/chemistry ; *Phytochemicals/chemistry/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray forms high-density impenetrable monospecific stands as an invasive plant species. Its life history traits, such as high adaptability with high genetic variation under different environmental conditions, and high growth and reproductive capacity, may contribute to its success in invading and increasing its population in the introduced ranges. Evidence has accumulated in the literature for the activity of compounds involved in the invasive characteristics of Tithonia diversifolia against natural enemies such as herbivorous insects and mammals, pathogenic nematodes, fungi, and viruses, and of allelochemicals against neighboring competitive plant species. Tagitinin A, tagitinin C, 1β-methoxydiversifolin, phytol, phytol acetate, α-pinene, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane,4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl), hispidulin, dihydro-p-coumaric acid, and methyl linoleate are toxic to herbivorous insects, and tagitinin C and 5-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid are harmful to herbivorous mammals. Tirotundin has nematocidal activity. α-Pinene, camphor, eucalyptol, and α-terpineol have fungicidal activity. Tagitinin A, tagitinin C, and 1β-methoxydiversifolin-3-O-methyl ether have antiviral activity. Tagitinin A, tagitinin C, 1β-methoxydiversifolin, and hispidulin act as allelochemicals that inhibit the growth of neighboring competing plant species. The ability to outcompete natural enemies and competing plant species is one of the essential factors for infestation and increase in the population and distribution of Tithonia diversifolia in new habitats. Therefore, these compounds may be involved in the invasive characteristics of Tithonia diversifolia. This is the first review article focusing on the compounds involved in the invasive characteristics of Tithonia diversifolia.},
}
@article {pmid40361023,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Li, Z and Li, L and Jiang, X and Gao, C and Zhao, J},
title = {Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of Spartina alterniflora in response to imazapyr acid stress.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {630},
pmid = {40361023},
issn = {1471-2229},
mesh = {*Poaceae/genetics/drug effects/physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; Photosynthesis/drug effects ; *Transcriptome/drug effects ; *Niacin/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Plant Roots/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Plant Leaves/drug effects/physiology ; },
abstract = {As a key aspect of managing of invasive alien species in China, the prevention and control of Spartina alterniflora have become an important part of the work in coastal provinces, and imazapyr acid has been gradually applied in the control work due to its advantages of high efficiency and low toxicity. In this study, we applied 6.0 L/acre of 25% imazapyr acid aqueous stress treatment, and determined and analyzed the physiological activities and transcriptome profiles of S. alterniflora under sustained stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used as a technical tool to analyze the mechanism of photosynthesis and the photosynthetic physiological status of S. alterniflora. We analyzed the root system structure of S. alterniflora using a root system imaging system, and characterized the transcriptome of S. alterniflora by high-throughput sequencing technology. Specifically, after imazapyr acid exposure, the fluorescence imaging area of leaves were all decreased, and the fluorescence indexes such as Fv/Fm, Y(II) and PIabs were significantly decreased, while Y(NO) was significantly increased, and Y(NPQ) showed an increase followed by a decrease. Meanwhile, total root length, root surface area and biomass of S. alterniflora were suppressed after imazapyr acid exposure. In transcriptomic analysis, imazapyr acid inhibited the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, nucleotide sugar-related metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and DNA replication in S. alterniflora. These results indicate that the effects of imazapyr acid stress on the leaves of S. alterniflora are heterogeneous, with the leaves initiating photoprotective mechanisms to ensure the normal functioning of the photosystem in the early stage of stress, and the PSII reaction centers being damaged in the late stage of stress, ultimately destroying the photosynthetic system. Meanwhile, imazapyr acid stress alters basic physiological processes such as metabolism and growth and development of S. alterniflora, thus affecting the growth and development of the plant root system, and ultimately leading to the death of S. alterniflora.},
}
@article {pmid40359612,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiao, Z and Dong, S and Zhang, Z and Qi, S and Wan, Y and Song, Z},
title = {Spatio-temporal distribution of environmental DNA from amphibian and turtle species in a pond ecosystem.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {279},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {121834},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.121834},
pmid = {40359612},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; Ponds ; *Turtles/genetics ; Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; *Rana catesbeiana/genetics ; },
abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has emerged as a transformative tool for biodiversity monitoring and conservation. However, uncertainties in the ecological processes of eDNA in aquatic environments decrease the reliability of eDNA-based surveys. Understanding the distribution and persistence patterns of eDNA is essential to effectively correlate eDNA data with species occurrence across spatial and temporal scales. Here, we investigated the spatio-temporal distribution of eDNA from amphibian and turtle species in a pond ecosystem, by establishing controlled eDNA sources from American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), and quantifying eDNA concentrations from different water layers and sediment samples using droplet digital PCR. Our results showed that eDNA from both species was highly concentrated within 2-5 m of the biological sources, with dispersal distance independent of the duration of organism' presence in the pond and exhibiting a vertically increasing trend over time. eDNA concentration and persistence varied significantly depending on species and substrate type, with bullfrogs showing notably higher eDNA detectability. The average eDNA concentration in sediment was 1.4 × 10[4] times higher than in water, and eDNA persisted approximately one week longer. Our findings demonstrate that the strong aggregation patterns of eDNA can provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of amphibians and turtles in pond systems. eDNA from surface water showed greater timeliness for biodiversity monitoring and aquatic invasive species management. The specificity of target taxa and the temporal complementarity of sedimentary eDNA should be carefully considered in future eDNA sampling designs.},
}
@article {pmid40359148,
year = {2025},
author = {Gray, WJ and Rakes, LM and Cole, C and Gunter, A and He, G and Morgan, S and Walsh-Antzak, CR and Yates, JA and Erickson, PA},
title = {Rapid wing size evolution in African fig flies (Zaprionus indianus) following temperate colonization.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {79},
number = {8},
pages = {1607-1621},
pmid = {40359148},
issn = {1558-5646},
support = {R15 GM146208/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; //University of Richmond/ ; #1R15GM146208-01/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Wings, Animal/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Introduced Species ; Phenotype ; *Drosophilidae/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {Invasive species often encounter novel selective pressures in their invaded range, and understanding their potential for rapid evolution can offer insight toward evolutionary processes and the factors that drive invasion success. Zaprionus indianus is an invasive drosophilid native to Africa that reached Florida in 2005 and likely reestablishes temperate North American populations each year. We addressed two evolutionary questions in this system: First, do populations evolve phenotypic changes in the generations immediately following colonization of temperate environments? Second, does Z. indianus evolve directional phenotypic changes along a latitudinal cline? We established isofemale lines from wild collections and measured twelve ecologically relevant phenotypes, using a reference strain as a control. Z. indianus evolved smaller wings following colonization, and we found evidence of significant postcolonization evolution when considering all phenotypes simultaneously. We found little evidence for latitudinal clines. However, we documented substantial laboratory evolution and large effects of the laboratory environment across multiple phenotypes, emphasizing the importance of controlling for both possibilities in common-garden studies. Our results demonstrate the potential for rapid evolution in Z. indianus, which could contribute to its ongoing expansion, and offer insights toward the types of rapid evolutionary changes that might occur in invasive insects.},
}
@article {pmid40357688,
year = {2025},
author = {San Juan, A and Azémar, F and Dejean, A},
title = {Pheidole megacephala: An invasive ant that raids colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {5},
pages = {e70113},
pmid = {40357688},
issn = {1939-9170},
}
@article {pmid40355881,
year = {2025},
author = {Wisely, SM and Torhorst, C and Botero-Cañola, S and Canino, N and James, AM and O'Hara, KC},
title = {Contact between soft tick vectors of African swine fever virus and invasive wild pigs in the southeastern USA.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {172},
pmid = {40355881},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {CA#: AP23VSSP0000C128//USDA APHIS VS/ ; CA#: AP23VSSP0000C117//USDA APHIS VS/ ; CA#: AP22VSSP0000C050//USDA APHIS VS/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *African Swine Fever Virus/isolation &amp; purification/physiology/genetics ; Swine ; *African Swine Fever/transmission/virology/epidemiology ; *Ornithodoros/virology/physiology ; Florida/epidemiology ; Introduced Species ; *Arachnid Vectors/virology ; Animals, Wild/virology ; *Turtles/parasitology/virology ; Sus scrofa/virology ; *Tick Infestations/veterinary/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: African swine fever virus is a transboundary pathogen of high economic impact to the global pork industry. Florida has multiple factors that contribute to the high risk of introduction of African swine fever virus (ASFV) including high levels of commerce and human migration between Florida and Caribbean nations with ASFV, established backyard swine production, abundant populations of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), and the presence of a soft tick species (Ornithodoros turicata americanus) that has been found to be a competent vector of ASFV in laboratory experiments. To better assess the hazard of ASFV vector-borne transmission in Florida, we documented contact between invasive wild pigs and O. t. americanus throughout Florida.<br><br>METHODS: We surveyed gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows throughout Florida and collected O. t. americanus from infested burrows. To identify definitive contact between invasive wild pigs and soft ticks, we used established real time polymerase chain reaction primers and a probe to detect the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of invasive wild pigs in the bloodmeals of O. t. americanus.. To detect potential wild pig-soft tick contact, we surveyed for evidence of pig activity within 5&#xa0;m of an infested burrow entrance.<br><br>RESULTS: Across 61 sites, we found that 203 of 591 burrows (34%) were infested with the soft tick, O. t. americanus. Ten burrows across 57 sites (18%) had soft ticks with wild pig DNA in their abdomens. In total, 6 of 591 burrows (1%) had evidence of invasive wild pigs near the entrance. Three infested burrows had evidence of wild pigs near the entrance, one of these burrows also had soft ticks that were positive for wild pig DNA. Including both definitive and potential wild pig-soft tick contact, 12 of 61 sites (20%) had evidence of wild pig-soft tick association.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In Florida, contact between invasive wild pigs, a potential reservoir for ASFV, and O. t. americanus, a competent vector, was measurable and occurred throughout the distribution of the vector. Florida is at risk not only for ASFV emergence but establishment of this pathogen in a sylvatic cycle. In addition to managing invasive wild pigs, future ASFV response planning needs to include plans for surveying and managing vector populations should an outbreak occur.},
}
@article {pmid40354521,
year = {2025},
author = {Tripathi, A and Matey, C and Buchmann, K and Hahn, C},
title = {Monogeneans on exotic Indian freshwater fish. 7. Results of a national study on ornamental fishes from 2019-2022.},
journal = {Parasite (Paris, France)},
volume = {32},
number = {},
pages = {28},
pmid = {40354521},
issn = {1776-1042},
support = {SERB-EMR/2017/003232//Science and Engineering Research Board, India/ ; P 32691//Austrian Science Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology/epidemiology ; India/epidemiology ; *Fishes/parasitology ; *Trematode Infections/veterinary/epidemiology/parasitology ; *Trematoda/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Fresh Water ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics ; Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {This study reports the results of a nationwide parasitological survey that was conducted from 2019 to 2022 to investigate the potential introduction of monogenean parasites into India via the ornamental fish trade. A total of 619 individual exotic ornamental fish representing 27 teleost species from nine families were collected from the country's major aquaria markets and examined for monogeneans. To identify monogeneans at the species level, we employed a morphometric analysis of sclerotised structures (haptoral and reproductive hard parts), as well as a molecular analysis of nuclear 28S rRNA and ITS2 regions. Indian conditions for importing exotic ornamental fish species require a pre-quarantine certificate, quarantine treatment, and post-quarantine follow-up. Despite these restrictions, 26 monogenean species from 12 known genera were detected and identified in 17 of the 27 fishes examined. Dactylogyrus was represented by a maximum of nine species, followed by Gyrodactylus with five. Cyprinidae was the most parasitised fish family (13 species), followed by Cichlidae (three species) and Helostomatidae, Poeciliidae, and Serrasalmidae (two species each). The majority of co-transported parasite species originated from Asia (65.38%, n = 17), followed by South America (23.07%, n = 6), North and Central America (7.69%, n = 2), and Africa (3.5%, n = 1). Three fish species were identified as the first host records for monogenean parasites: Chindongo socolofi for Cichlidogyrus tilapiae Paperna, 1960, Metynnis hypsauchen for Mymarothecium sp., and Betta splendens for Heteronchocleidus sp. In general, exotic populations had fewer parasite species than in their native distribution ranges.},
}
@article {pmid40353664,
year = {2026},
author = {Tancos, MA and Thomas, JL and McCauslin, S},
title = {Emergence of a Novel Alternaria Species Infecting Invasive Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in the United States.},
journal = {Plant disease},
volume = {110},
number = {2},
pages = {262-266},
doi = {10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0653-SC},
pmid = {40353664},
issn = {0191-2917},
mesh = {*Alternaria/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification/physiology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; *Brassicaceae/microbiology ; Phylogeny ; United States ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; },
abstract = {The Brassicaceae invasive weed, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), is a Eurasian biennial herb that has rapidly spread across North America, infesting forests and field borders and negatively impacting plant biodiversity and agroecosystem health. In 2022, a severe garlic mustard dieback event occurred in a limited section of a large, forested garlic mustard population in Maryland, U.S.A. Diseased plants were heavily defoliated, with remaining intact leaves having irregular-shaped necrotic and chlorotic lesions. Two isolates of an unknown fungal pathogen were collected, sequenced, and identified as Alternaria and confirmed to be pathogenic to garlic mustard. All inoculated garlic mustard plants rapidly developed severe symptoms within 72 h, mimicking the symptoms observed in the field. A multilocus sequence analysis identified the two strains as a distinct species that appears to be a new monotypic sister lineage to Alternaria section Sonchi and most closely related to the Japanese Apiaceae pathogen A. triangularis. This study reports the first documentation of a novel, pathogenic Alternaria species identified from the introduced range of the invasive weed garlic mustard. In addition to its potential use as a garlic mustard bioherbicide, future studies will provide critical insights in the role nonnative invasive weeds play in harboring and selecting for novel pathogenic microbes and biosecurity risks to U.S. agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid40353497,
year = {2025},
author = {Mathieu, RDR and McCullough, DG},
title = {Long-term survival and radial growth of four North American and two Asian ash species in a common garden exposed to emerald ash borer invasion.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {603-614},
pmid = {40353497},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//USDA Forest Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fraxinus/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Michigan ; Gardens ; *Herbivory ; },
abstract = {Four North American and one Asian ash species were planted in 2007 in 30 complete randomized blocks in a common garden in Ingham County, Michigan USA to evaluate host resistance and preference of emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), first detected in this area in 2003. Trees were protected from EAB colonization until 2012. We recorded current-year woodpecker holes and EAB adult exits on live trees annually from 2017 to 2022. Annual radial growth was quantified on increment cores from live trees and cross-sections from EAB-killed trees. Every Fraxinus nigra was killed by EAB by 2013. By August 2022, 63% of F. pennsylvanica, 12% of F. americana and 86% of F. chinensis trees had died. In contrast, F. quadrangulata trees were minimally colonized and remained healthy through 2022. Average (± SE) annual increment from 2007-2021 ranged from 2.65 ± 0.18 mm for F. quadrangulata to 4.61 ± 0.46 mm for F. chinensis. In an adjacent plantation planted in 2010, we assessed size, growth and EAB signs in 2022 on 12 live F. pennsylvanica and 12 Asian F. mandshurica. All F. mandshurica remained healthy with little evidence of EAB injury. Despite heavy EAB infestation, F. pennsylvanica radial growth in 2011 to 2022 remained relatively high. Results show F. nigra is highly preferred and vulnerable to EAB, followed by F. pennsylvanica, while F. americana is an intermediate host and F. quadrangulata is resistant. Of the 2 Asian species, F. mandshurica was resistant to EAB but F. chinensis trees were heavily colonized and most died.},
}
@article {pmid40350565,
year = {2025},
author = {Dawes, TN and Bufford, JL and Hulme, PE},
title = {Historical frequency of plants in nursery catalogues predicts likelihood of naturalization in ornamental species.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {e70023},
pmid = {40350565},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Royal Society of New Zealand/ ; //Lincoln University/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; New Zealand ; *Plants/classification ; },
abstract = {Ornamental horticulture is the major pathway of non-native plant species introductions worldwide. Historic nursery catalogues capture a long-term view of introduction effort arising from garden plantings and are a powerful resource for understanding why some introduced ornamental species subsequently jump the garden fence. Analyses of historic nursery catalogues can help us understand the reasons for failed invasions as well as why some species successfully naturalize or invade. We used New Zealand nursery catalogues from the 1860s to the 1990s to understand the patterns of failed invasions, as well as successful naturalization and invasion. Together with data on several horticulturally relevant plant traits, we used a boosted classification model to predict the likelihood of naturalization and invasion. A species' maximum height, its frequency in nursery catalogues, and the family-level global naturalization rate were the most influential variables. Naturalized species were generally taller, more frequently offered for sale, and belonged to families with higher global naturalization rates than those that had not naturalized. Other traits such as cold hardiness or shade tolerance were not significantly different between naturalized and non-naturalized species but contributed somewhat to the overall model fit. By contrast, our predictions of the likelihood a species would become invasive were poor, without any robust relationships with any of the covariates. This indicates that factors that drive the transition from naturalized to invasive species may be determined by the characteristics of the habitats that they invade. Species incorrectly predicted to be naturalized may not have had sufficient opportunity to do so and may pose a greater risk of naturalizing in the future. This provides an avenue for identifying future naturalized species and enabling proactive management or monitoring of these species of concern.},
}
@article {pmid40350482,
year = {2025},
author = {Bellver-Arnau, J and Blanco-Sierra, L and Escartin, S and Mariani, S and Bartumeus, F},
title = {Climate-responsive vector control strategies for Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {168},
pmid = {40350482},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {101057554//HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme/ ; 101057554//HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/physiology/drug effects/virology/growth &amp; development ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/virology ; Larva/drug effects ; *Climate ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Vector Borne Diseases/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; Dengue/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rise in mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, exacerbated by the ever-expanding habitats of Aedes albopictus, poses a significant public health risk. Even marginal improvements in vector control efficacy can be crucial in mitigating these risks.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we employed a metapopulation model to simulate Ae. albopictus population dynamics and dispersal, optimizing the timing and spatial allocation of larvicidal treatments.<br><br>RESULTS: Simulations revealed that larvicide treatments are most effective when applied preventively, early in the mosquito season, particularly under conditions of lower-than-average cumulative rainfall and, to a minor extent, colder-than-average temperatures, as these conditions limit larvae proliferation. We found that breeding site characteristics, particularly surface area and maximum water holding capacity, are critical in determining optimal treatment allocation in scarce-resource scenarios. However, a cost-effectiveness trade-off exists, as larger breeding sites offer more substantial reductions in mosquito populations but also demand higher larvicide dosages. Spatial factors such as breeding site distribution had minimal impact on treatment efficacy, possibly due to the high mobility range of adult mosquitoes compared with the size of the study area.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the superior efficiency of the optimized approach in comparison with routine vector control strategies, especially when resources are limited, offering a more effective use of larvicide in controlling mosquito populations. This study demonstrates that vector control strategies for Ae. albopictus can be significantly enhanced by considering climatic variables and breeding site characteristics in treatment planning. This research provides a framework for developing cost-effective and flexible mosquito control programs that can adapt to environmental conditions, potentially improving public health outcomes by reducing the transmission risk of mosquito-borne diseases.},
}
@article {pmid40349538,
year = {2025},
author = {Dubos, N and Geslin, B and Jourdan, H and Renault, D and Zakardjian, M},
title = {Contrasting effects of climate and anthropogenic change on future invasion risk of a solitary bee Amegilla pulchra.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {385},
number = {},
pages = {125711},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125711},
pmid = {40349538},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/physiology ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Pollination ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Anthropogenic Effects ; Australia ; },
abstract = {Amegilla pulchra is a solitary bee from Australia that has recently been spread throughout many islands of the Pacific. The non-regulated human-driven spread of the species may affect the local pollinator communities and their interactions with host plants. We used an ecological niche modelling approach, accounting for non-equilibrium and anthropogenic spread with the most recently recommended methods, and predicted the potential spread of the species under current and future conditions. We expected climate change and increase in human density to offer new suitable environments for the spread of the species. Invasion risks will increase in the future overall, but more in the non-native regions compared to the native region. In the native region, the projected effect of future environmental change was highly contrasted, we projected invasion risk to increase in human-dense areas but decrease elsewhere. We identified high risks of invasion in eastern Asia and in the Caribbean region and provide a world ranking for surveillance priority which accounts for maritime traffic. This study highlights potential contrasted effects between climate and anthropogenic change, with differing projections between the native and the non-native regions. Public awareness and prevention will be key to prevent further spread and mitigate potential adverse effects of the species on island systems. In regions that are already invaded, we propose that habitat restoration is a promising strategy for both the mitigation of the spread and the conservation of local communities.},
}
@article {pmid40348260,
year = {2025},
author = {Nguyen, DTC and Jalil, AA and Nguyen, LM and Nguyen, DH},
title = {A comprehensive review on the adsorption of dyes onto activated carbons derived from harmful invasive plants.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {279},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {121807},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.121807},
pmid = {40348260},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {Adsorption ; *Coloring Agents/chemistry ; *Charcoal/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The proliferation of invasive plant species such as Ailanthus altissima, Reynoutria japonica, and Alternanthera philoxeroides pose a significant ecological and economic challenge, including adverse impacts on native biodiversity, agriculture, and infrastructure. The production of activated carbons from these invasive plants offers a sustainable approach to addressing environmental pollution in the context of wastewater treatment. Activated carbons are renowned for high adsorbability and porous structure, hence, they may be highly effective in removing contaminants including dyes. Here, we review the conversion of invasive plant biomass into activated carbons production for dye removal by the adsorption technique. Influential factors, optimization conditions, adsorption models, mechanisms, and regeneration studies were systematically discussed. Remarkably, the efficacy of activated carbons derived from invasive plants such as Leucaena leucocephala pods cactus fruit peels achieved exceptionally high adsorption capacities of 584.3-806.4 mg/g for organic dyes. We also analyzed dual benefits of transforming invasive plant biomass into high-value activated carbons for wastewater treatment and managing invasive plants. It is, therefore, suggested that this approach can satisfy the sustainable development goals and solve the current global environmental challenges.},
}
@article {pmid40346664,
year = {2025},
author = {Helleman, P and Schrama, M and Trimbos, KB and Braks, MAH and Schaffner, F and Stroo, A and Wouters, RM and van der Beek, JG},
title = {The ecological niche and population history shape mosquito population genetics on a group of three Caribbean islands.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {167},
pmid = {40346664},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {V/150601/01/PR//Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport/ ; 2022.001//Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Center/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Population ; *Ecosystem ; *Culicidae/genetics/classification/physiology ; Haplotypes ; Caribbean Region ; Islands ; Phylogeny ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: While studies on mosquito population genetics have primarily focused on medically relevant species, fewer have examined the genetic population structure of mosquitoes from a diverse range of species within a single geographical area. The limited comparison between native and non-native species, as well as ecologically divergent species from the same region, hampers our ability to generalise previously described patterns in mosquito population genetics. This study uses the mosquito fauna of the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire as a case study to explore population genetic variation among both native and non-native mosquito species, as well as among native species occupying different ecological niches. We examine how genetic patterns relate to their population history and species-specific ecologies.<br><br>METHODS: Mitochondrial COII sequences were obtained from 258 mosquito specimens belonging to six species, occurring on all three islands. Sequences were used in haplotype network analysis to assess the genetic variation between mosquito populations of each of the six ecologically diverse species, which vary in both their population history and ecological niche.<br><br>RESULTS: Both the genetic diversity and population genetic structure were found to differ strongly between sets of species, leading to a subdivision into three species groups: (1) non-native species with low genetic diversity across all three investigated islands, (2) locally native species with high genetic diversity and closely related haplotypes occurring on different islands and (3) locally native species with high genetic diversity and locally restricted haplotypes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the population genetics of non-native and native species strongly differ, likely as a result of population history. Furthermore, the results suggest that mosquito species sharing the same area may display distinct population genetic structure, likely related to differences in their ecology and dispersal capacity. We suggest that addressing a broader range of species within a single area will benefit future research on mosquito population genetics to place observed patterns into a broader historical, ecological and evolutionary context.},
}
@article {pmid40345433,
year = {2025},
author = {Jones, ML and Thresher, RE and Bax, NJ},
title = {Biased tertiary sex ratios enhance the efficacy of sex-ratio distorting genetic techniques to control invasive species.},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
volume = {608},
number = {},
pages = {112137},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112137},
pmid = {40345433},
issn = {1095-8541},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Male ; Animals ; *Sex Ratio ; Female ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; },
abstract = {Genetic biocontrol strategies are increasingly being developed and tested for reducing the effects of invasive species, and are highly likely to be an important tool of integrated pest management in the future. Included among such strategies are those that distort the sex ratio of the target species. Models used to forecast the efficacy of such strategies generally assume, implicitly, that the tertiary sex ratio of the target population is 50:50. We present evidence that this assumption is important, and that if the tertiary sex ratio is biased towards females, a sex-distorting construct introduced into the population that produces phenotypic males will become fixed at a level determined by the magnitude of the bias, even after further introductions cease. We show, first using a simple logistic population model, and second using a realistic simulation of an important aquatic invasive species - the sea lampreyPetromyzon marinus- how this effect can greatly increase the effectiveness of a sex-distorting construct at population suppression, but also increase the risk of such strategies due to reduced reversibility. We also present evidence that biased tertiary sex ratios might be present in many invasive species, particularly when their population sizes are low relative to environmental carrying capacity.},
}
@article {pmid40345092,
year = {2025},
author = {Shen, Z and Cui, J and Li, J and Peng, Y and Li, J and Zhang, Z and Chan, A and Chen, M and Yao, D},
title = {Differential impacts of invasive aquatic plants water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on plankton community dynamics and its ecosystem functionality.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {385},
number = {},
pages = {125606},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125606},
pmid = {40345092},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Eichhornia ; *Introduced Species ; *Plankton ; *Ecosystem ; Animals ; *Araceae ; Food Chain ; Biodiversity ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; },
abstract = {Plankton plays a pivotal role in maintaining aquatic ecosystem stability and food web equilibrium. Yet, the mechanistic responses of plankton communities to invasive aquatic plants (e.g., Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the temporal effects of these invasive species on plankton biodiversity, native plant (Ludwigia ovalis) growth, and nutrient dynamics in freshwater systems in a 50-day microcosm experiment. Results indicated no significant change in L. ovalis growth (p > 0.05), while pH, EC, TN, and TP significantly decreased (p < 0.05). And plankton dominant species, functional communities (e.g., functional group D and small copepoda and cladocera filter feeders) and their co-occurrence networks were disrupted. Moreover, the Shannon index of phytoplankton was significantly higher at day 10 and lower at day 50 (p < 0.05) than that of P. stratiotes, while the metazoan zooplankton showed the reverse trend. P. stratiotes reduced network complexity including average degree and graph density, while E. crassipes disrupted architectural integrity as modularity, collectively destabilizing plankton interactions. SEM model revealed that E. crassipes indirectly decreased EC via TN reduction (-0.412) while P. stratiotes directly suppressed EC (-0.242), cascading into decreased plankton biomass, density, and diversity. These findings elucidated species-specific invasion mechanisms and their cascading impacts on planktonic ecosystems, which could provide actionable insights for mitigating biodiversity loss in invaded freshwater habitats and enhancing ecological monitoring frameworks to safeguard ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid40344091,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiong, J and Gao, Y and Zhou, Y and Ip, JC and Ituarte, S and Heras, H and Qiu, JW and Sun, J},
title = {Four chromosome-scale ampullariid genomes: high-quality resources for ecological, evolutionary, and invasion biology studies.},
journal = {DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes},
volume = {32},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40344091},
issn = {1756-1663},
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome ; *Chromosomes/genetics ; Introduced Species ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gastropoda/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {The New World Ampullariids, encompassing the ecologically important genera Pomacea and Marisa, are gastropods with dual attributes-serving as model systems for evolutionary and environmental research while posing severe threats as globally invasive species. Here, we present chromosome-scale genomes of four key species-Pomacea canaliculata, P. maculata, P. diffusa, and Marisa cornuarietis-generated through PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding. These assemblies exhibit exceptional continuity and completeness (BUSCO scores > 95%) with genome sizes ranging 450-540 Mb, while high-quality annotations predicting 21,687-22,481 protein-coding genes per genome. Comparative analysis reveals divergent genome architectures: the invasive P. canaliculata and P. maculata harbour lower LINE (5.7-5.8%) and LTR (0.7-0.8%) content compared to non-invasive P. diffusa (LINE: 7.7%; LTR: 0.8%) and M. cornuarietis (LINE: 9.5%; LTR: 1.1%), suggesting repeat dynamics linked to ecological plasticity. Macrosynteny analyses identify five dynamic but conserved ancestral chromosomal fusions across species but with limited rearrangements among species. These resources, integrating chromosomal resolution with functional annotation, provide a foundation for comparative studies on molluscan karyotype evolution and adaptive radiation research, as well as possible targets for CRISPR-cas9-driven biocontrol strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40344026,
year = {2025},
author = {Rad, SPH and Duque, TS and Flory, SL and do Nascimento, VG and Mendes, DS and Maciel, JC and Dos Santos, JB and Silva, RSD and Shabani, F},
title = {Predicting the spread of invasive Imperata cylindrica under climate change: A global risk assessment and future distribution scenarios.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {e0321027},
pmid = {40344026},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; Risk Assessment ; Ecosystem ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant species, such as Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass), threaten native ecosystems, natural resources, and lands worldwide. With climate change, the risk of invasions may increase as more favorable conditions enable non-native species to spread into new areas. This study employs the CLIMEX model to predict the potential distribution of I. cylindrica under current and future climate scenarios, under the SRES A2 scenario. A comprehensive dataset comprising 6,414 occurrence records was used to simulate the species' ecological niche based on key climatic parameters, including temperature and soil moisture. Our results indicate that more than 16% of the global land surface is currently highly suitable for I. cylindrica (Ecoclimatic Index ≥ 30), with significant risk areas identified in Central America, Africa, and Australia. Future projections under the A2 scenario suggest an expansion of suitable habitats by 2050, 2080, and 2100, particularly in regions such as southern Argentina and parts of North America, while areas in Africa may experience a decrease in suitability due to rising temperatures. Sensitivity analysis revealed that temperature-related parameters (DV0, DV1, DV2, and DV3) are the most influential in determining the species' distribution, highlighting the critical role of climate in driving the invasive potential of I. cylindrica. These findings provide valuable insights into the future risks associated with I. cylindrica invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40342214,
year = {2025},
author = {Schneller, NM and Strugnell, JM and Field, MA and Johannesson, K and Cooke, I},
title = {Putting Structural Variants Into Practice: The Role of Chromosomal Inversions in the Management of Marine Environments.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {23},
pages = {e17776},
pmid = {40342214},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {DP240102310//ARC Discovery Grant/ ; DP250101690//ARC Discovery Grant/ ; SR200100005//ARC SRIEAS Grant/ ; VR 2021-04191//Vetenskapsr&#xe5;det Research Grant/ ; },
mesh = {*Chromosome Inversion ; Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; Climate Change ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Oceans and Seas ; Biological Evolution ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; },
abstract = {Major threats to marine species and ecosystems include overfishing, invasive species, pollution and climate change. The changing climate not only imposes direct threats through the impacts of severe marine heatwaves, cyclones and ocean acidification but also complicates fisheries and invasive species management by driving species range shifts. The dynamic nature of these threats means that the future of our oceans will depend on the ability of species to adapt. This has led to calls for genetic interventions focussed on enhancing species' adaptive capacity, including translocations, restocking and selective breeding. Assessing the benefits and risks of such approaches requires an improved understanding of the genetic architecture of adaptive variation, not only in relation to climate-resilient phenotypes but also locally adapted populations and the fitness of hybrids. Large structural genetic variants such as chromosomal inversions play an important role in local adaptation by linking multiple adaptive loci. Consequently, inversions are likely to be particularly important when managing for adaptive capacity. However, under some circumstances, they also accumulate deleterious mutations, potentially increasing the risk of inbreeding depression. Genetic management that takes account of these dual roles on fitness is likely to be more effective at ensuring population persistence. We summarise evolutionary factors influencing adaptive and deleterious variation of inversions, review inversions found in marine taxa, and provide a framework to predict the consequences of ignoring inversions in key management scenarios. We conclude by describing practical methods to bridge the gap between evolutionary theory and practical application of inversions in conservation.},
}
@article {pmid40341324,
year = {2025},
author = {Imlau, M and Browne, JA and Browett, SS and McDevitt, AD and McMahon, BJ and Nally, JE and Jahns, H},
title = {Surveillance for Leptospira sp. in Native and Invasive Shrews in Ireland Compared with Cohabitating Shrews in France.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {61},
number = {2},
pages = {477-482},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-24-00084},
pmid = {40341324},
issn = {1943-3700},
mesh = {Animals ; *Shrews/microbiology ; *Leptospirosis/epidemiology/veterinary/microbiology ; *Leptospira/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Ireland/epidemiology ; France/epidemiology ; Introduced Species ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {Leptospirosis is a complex and often underestimated global bacterial disease that continues to be of zoonotic concern. It is difficult to diagnose and has an unclear pathogenesis. Several new species of the genus Leptospira have been discovered in recent years; the impact of these species on animal health is unknown. In 2013, Leptospira tipperaryensis was first identified in greater white-toothed shrews (GWTSs, Crocidura russula) in Ireland, where they are an invasive species that displaces the native pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus). This study investigated the prevalence of Leptospira spp., including L. tipperaryensis, and their potential impact on the health of shrews from Ireland using histopathology (n=212), immunohistochemistry (IHC; n=206), and quantitative PCR (n=168) on renal tissues. Shrews (n=81) from Belle Île, France were examined as a species and habitat control group using histopathology (n=81) and IHC (n=79). No Leptospira were detected with any of the methods in renal tissues from shrews sampled in Ireland and there was no significant renal pathology. In contrast, 34.6% (28/81) of shrews from Belle Île were positive on IHC for Leptospira sp. and had associated chronic nephritis in histopathology. The results do not indicate a negative impact by L. tipperaryensis or other Leptospira spp. on the health and distribution of the GWTS and the pygmy shrew in Ireland; onward transmission within the shrew population currently appears unlikely.},
}
@article {pmid40341276,
year = {2025},
author = {Sweeney, J and Gao, W and Gutowski, JM and Hughes, C and Kimoto, T and Kostanowicz, C and Li, Y and MacQuarrie, CJK and Mayo, P and Meng, Q and Mokrzycki, T and Silk, P and Webster, V and Miller, DR},
title = {Diversity in trap color and height increases species richness of bark and woodboring beetles detected in multiple funnel traps.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {e0322412},
pmid = {40341276},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology/classification ; *Biodiversity ; Color ; Poland ; Introduced Species ; China ; Canada ; United States ; },
abstract = {Early detection of non-native, potentially invasive bark beetles and woodboring beetles (BBWB) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Disteniidae; Curculionidae: Scolytinae) inadvertently introduced to new habitats via global trade is a critical issue for regulatory agencies in numerous countries. We conducted trapping experiments to evaluate the effects of trap color (black vs. green vs. purple) and trap height (canopy vs. understory) on detection of BBWB in Canada, Poland, USA, and China, using Fluon-treated 12-unit multiple-funnel traps. Each trap was baited with the same pheromone and ethanol lures known to attract several species of BBWB. We predicted BBWB species composition would differ between vertical strata and among trap colors, and that the number of BBWB species detected would increase with greater diversity of trapping methods, i.e., by using more than one color of trap and by placing traps in both the canopy and understory. Our prediction was partially supported, i.e., placing one color of trap in the understory and a different colored trap in the canopy detected more species than did a single trap color placed in either the understory or canopy. However, the combinations of trap height and colors that detected the most species varied among sites. The community of BBWB species captured in traps was significantly affected by trap height and trap color at all sites, with the strongest patterns in the data from Poland and the USA. Black and purple traps caught similar communities of BBWB species in the canopy and understory, but green traps caught a different species assemblage in the canopy in Poland and the USA. Effects of trap height and color on species richness were consistent across all four sites within the subfamilies Agrilinae (more species captured in green canopy traps than any other trap height-color combination), Chrysochroinae (more species captured in purple canopy traps than any trap height-color combination) and Scolytinae (more species captured in the understory than the canopy and no effect of trap color), but varied significantly among sites within Cerambycidae subfamilies. None of the species accumulation curves reached an asymptote for any trap color-height combination at any site, indicating that 8-9 traps per site were not sufficient to detect all BBWB species present. Thus, increasing the number of traps deployed per site will increase the BBWB species richness captured and the chances of detecting non-native species that may be present.},
}
@article {pmid40338844,
year = {2025},
author = {Luo, Y and Li, C and Hu, X and Feng, J},
title = {Spongy moths from Europe and Asia: Who could have higher invasion risk in North American?.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {e0320598},
pmid = {40338844},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Moths/physiology ; North America ; Europe ; Asia ; },
abstract = {North American forest systems are significantly impacted by spongy moths (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus). It is unclear, nevertheless, how are the invasion risks of spongy moths from Asia and Europe in North American relative to each other. In this study, we compared the potential ranges of spongy moths from Asia (ASM) and those from Europe (ESM) in North America, and investigated the range shifts between spongy moths in North America (NASM) and ASM and ESM. ASM and ESM would occupy larger potential ranges in North America than NASM, i.e., 7.16 and 6.98 times, respectively. Thus, one should not undervalue the invasive potential posed by spongy moths from Asia and Europe. Compared to ESM, ASM displayed larger ranges in North America. It is likely due to ASM's tolerance of more variable climates. Consequently, even though ASM was more recently introduced to North America than ESM, it's possible that the former has higher invasion risk in North American.},
}
@article {pmid40334492,
year = {2025},
author = {Klink, JC and Rieger, A and Wohlsein, P and Aurich, S and Hoffmann, C and Ewers, C and Raulf, MK and Strube, C and Johne, A and Maksimov, P and Harder, T and Rubbenstroth, D and Rehburg, L and Gerold, G and Fux, R and Rickerts, V and Ansorge, H and Siebert, U},
title = {Pathological findings in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.},
journal = {Journal of comparative pathology},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {59-77},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.004},
pmid = {40334492},
issn = {1532-3129},
mesh = {Animals ; *Raccoon Dogs/parasitology ; Germany/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) originated from East Asia and are listed as invasive alien species of Union concern in the European Union. Apart from their potential negative impact on native fauna as predators and competitors, they are discussed as reservoirs and vectors for various infectious diseases. Between 2021 and 2022, comprehensive post-mortem examinations of 110 raccoon dogs were performed as part of a health and risk assessment study of selected invasive alien species in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Parasitic infections, often accompanied by eosinophilic and/or granulomatous inflammation, were one of the most common and significant findings. In total, 64% animals had an ectoparasitosis and up to 76% an endoparasitosis. Alaria alata and Trichinella spp were the most relevant endoparasite species found. Eggs of A. alata were detected in 30% of faecal samples, while the prevalence of Trichinella spp in muscle samples was 0.9%. Influenza A virus, canine distemper virus, rustrela virus, Borna disease virus 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 were not detected. Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 was detected with a prevalence of 3%, but was not associated with pathognomonic lesions. In general, most of the pathological findings were of minor significance regardless of whether pathogens were detected or not, and therefore did not appear to affect the overall health status of the examined animals. Our study shows that raccoon dogs may contribute to the spread and persistence of certain pathogens by acting as carriers of infectious diseases. This underpins the need to further investigate the risk they pose to endemic European wildlife, livestock and human health.},
}
@article {pmid40333912,
year = {2025},
author = {Colin, R and Aguirre-Planter, E and Eguiarte, LE},
title = {Genetic and ecological characterization of the giant reed (Arundo donax) in Central Mexico.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {e0319214},
pmid = {40333912},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Mexico ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; *Poaceae/genetics ; Genotype ; Ecosystem ; Gene Flow ; Genetics, Population ; Geography ; },
abstract = {Arundo donax (giant reed) is currently found in all tropical-subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. In Mexico, A. donax is a common introduced species, growing in a variety of climates and habitats. We used Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) markers to analyze 20 populations across different geographic regions of Mexico to estimate the geographic structure of its genetic variation, the levels of clonal diversity, and their predominant reproductive mode (clonal vs. sexual), and to explore environmental factors that may be related to genetic differentiation. In addition, we used bioclimatic variables to perform multivariate statistical analyses. We detected a total of 77 different genotypes, finding that all the analyzed populations are multiclonal (including from 3 to 9 different genotypes). The data suggest that sporadic sexual reproduction takes place in some populations. We found four main genetic groups and low levels of gene flow among clusters. Ecological characterization analyses indicate that the distribution and abundance of genotypes is structured and influenced by environmental factors, supporting the existence of three main ecological-genetic groups in Mexico (Central Highlands, Coasts, and North).},
}
@article {pmid40332950,
year = {2025},
author = {Jian, L and Yang, Y and Xie, S and Lou, Y and Chen, L and Dai, F and Agrafioti, P and Cao, Y and Athanassiou, CG and Li, C},
title = {Life Table Parameters and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Araecerus fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) Feeding on Different Stored Products.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40332950},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {GCC[2023]074//Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ[2023]024//Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Alien Invasive Species in Guizhou Province/ ; QKZYD[2022]4013//Special Project for Science and Technology Development of Local (Guizhou) under the Guidance of the Central Government/ ; },
abstract = {Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer, 1775) is an important stored-product pest worldwide. In this study, the development time, survival rate, oviposition, and digestive enzyme (α-amylase, cellulase, pepsin, and lipase) activities of A. fasciculatus fed on five commodities (coffee, jujube, maize, wheat, and kansui) were investigated. Our results showed that the developmental duration of A. fasciculatus from egg to adult was shortest on coffee beans (51.41 days) and longest on kansui (69.65 days). The survival rate of A. fasciculatus adults was lowest on kansui (42.22%) and highest on coffee beans (63.33%). Significant differences in fecundity were also observed, with the greatest number on coffee beans (80.78 eggs/female) and the lowest on kansui (50.43 eggs/female). Araecerus fasciculatus showed the greatest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) on coffee beans (0.141), followed by jujube (0.129), maize (0.117), wheat (0.105), and kansui (0.097). The net productive rate (R0) showed a similar trend to rm, with values of 48.42, 42.53, 35.39, 27.53, and 21.47, respectively, on these stored products. Although no significant differences were observed in the lipase activities when A. fasciculatus was fed on different stored products, activities of α-amylase, pepsin, and cellulase were highest on coffee beans and lowest on kansui. The variation in the population development of A. fasciculatus associated with different foods may be related to its digestive enzyme performance. These results indicated that coffee beans were the most suitable host food, while kansui was the least suitable for the development of A. fasciculatus.},
}
@article {pmid40332914,
year = {2025},
author = {Bisia, M and Balatsos, G and Sakellariou Sofianou, M and Beleri, S and Tegos, N and Zavitsanou, E and Karras, V and Kollia, D and Michaelakis, A and Patsoula, E},
title = {Two-Year Entomological Survey of Mosquito Fauna in the Attica Region, Greece: Species Composition.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40332914},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {101057554//Horizon Europe/ ; 0//Region of Attica/ ; },
abstract = {Vector-borne diseases significantly impact global public health, with mosquitoes playing a critical role in the transmission of various pathogens. This study focused on the mosquito fauna in the Attica region of Greece, conducting a two-year entomological survey from March 2021 to December 2022 as part of an ongoing mosquito-management program. The research employed stratified random sampling to establish 57 adult traps across the region, with additional traps on the islands of Argosaronikos and Kythira island. The BG-sentinel traps, enhanced with CO2 to attract multiple mosquito species, were utilized for mosquito collection. Morphological identification of the collected mosquitoes revealed the presence of various species, with Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens s.l., and Culiseta longiareolata being the most prevalent. Notably, all of our traps tested 100% positive for these species. Molecular techniques, including PCR amplification of ITS2 and COI genes, confirmed species identification. The findings highlight significant variations in species composition across different locations and emphasize the presence of invasive species such as Aedes albopictus, posing public health concerns. This study underscores the importance of continuous mosquito surveillance and integrated management strategies to mitigate the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in the Attica region. The results contribute to the development of evidence-based mosquito-control programs, which are essential for safeguarding public health in urban and peri-urban environments.},
}
@article {pmid40332822,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, S and Li, Z and Zhao, X and Zhang, D and Ayra-Pardo, C and Kan, Y and Li, D},
title = {Additive Insecticidal Effects of Chitosan/dsRNA Nanoparticles Targeting V-ATPaseD and Emamectin Benzoate-Lufenuron Formulations Against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40332822},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {231111111000//Key Research Project of Henan Province/ ; 31970480//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 212300410063//Natural Science Foundation of Henan province/ ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a lepidopteran pest from the family Noctuidae, has become a major invasive pest since 2016. Using RNAi methods to control S. frugiperda is currently under investigation. This study is the first to target the V-ATPaseD gene of S. frugiperda using RNAi. Injection of dsRNA-V-ATPaseD into the hemolymph of 4th-instar larvae significantly suppressed gene expression at 24 and 48 h post-injection. Treated larvae showed delayed development and reduced pupation after 7 days. Subsequently, V-ATPaseD silencing was achieved through topical or oral administration of chitosan/dsRNA-V-ATPaseD nanoparticles. Larvae fed these nanoparticles exhibited significant reductions in V-ATPaseD mRNA at 72 h, persisting until 96 h before normalizing. Additionally, the treated larvae displayed disrupted molting and impaired pupation. Furthermore, larvae fed chitosan/dsRNA-V-ATPaseD were more susceptible to emamectin benzoate-lufenuron at LC30 concentrations, resulting in 68% mortality-27% higher than the pesticide alone-72 h post-exposure. Combining chitosan/dsRNA-V-ATPaseD nanoparticles with emamectin benzoate-lufenuron significantly enhanced pest control efficacy, providing new insights into pesticide reduction and sustainable pest control methods for this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40332794,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, T and Wang, W and Chen, X and Ma, J and Chen, R and Sun, X and Yang, Y and Li, G and Deng, Y and Hao, D},
title = {Interspecific Mating Is Trivial and Asymmetrical Between Two Destructive Anoplophora Beetles.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40332794},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2023YFD1401300//National Key R &amp; D Program of China/ ; 163010302//Research Start-up Project of Nanjing Forestry University/ ; 32001322//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32271884//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021kj90//Science Foundation of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry/ ; },
abstract = {The Asian longhorn beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis, and citrus longhorn beetle (CLB), Anoplophora chinensis, are two destructive invasive wood-boring pests, with high similarities in morphology, geographical distribution, host range, life cycle, adult behaviors and male-produced pheromone, implying a potential existence of interspecific interactions. Matings have been found to occur across females and males of the two species when manually paired in confined spaces. However, interspecific mating and its regulating factors are unclear between sympatric populations on hosts. Herein, by observing mountings and tracking the beetles that freely coexisted on host branches in cages, we found that the majority of mountings appeared within species; however, interspecific mountings occasionally occurred between male CLBs and female ALBs. The CLB was more active than the ALB at night. It seems that males actively searched for female ALBs, while the inverse was the case with CLBs. The main release periods of shared pheromone components overlapped between the two species, while compound ratios had significant differences. Our results unveil a trivial and asymmetrical interspecific mating between ALBs and CLBs, implying a risk of co-outbreaks of the two species in either native or invaded areas.},
}
@article {pmid40331584,
year = {2025},
author = {Caton, BP and Manoukis, NC and Pallipparambil, GR and Nelson, R and Hain, E and Fang, H},
title = {Evaluating a novel core-and-perimeter delimiting trapping survey design for insects. II. Simulations and case studies.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {3},
pages = {1235-1250},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf090},
pmid = {40331584},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {AP21PPQS&amp;T00C054//USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Farm Bill 7721 project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Insect Control/methods/instrumentation ; *Ceratitis capitata/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Animal Distribution ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {We compared 2 delimitation trapping designs via mark-release-recapture of Ceratitis capitata Weidemann (Medfly) [Tephritidae: Diptera]: a fully trapped grid versus a novel, "core-and-perimeter" design. Results showed some disadvantages of fully trapped and supported the core-and-perimeter concept, but grids were too small to address all questions. Here we used computer models to more fully compare the designs. We employed random walk dispersal using parameters from recent results for another Dipteran. Parameter sensitivity was highest for maximum step distance (DDay), but structural sensitivity was more affected by dispersal probability (PDisp) and correlated movement (θMax). We incorporated trapping, modeling capture probabilities based on the hyperbolic secant function. We quantified the likelihood of inner traps to "intercept" insects along their paths and implemented that process in all trapping models. Validation against 3 independent datasets was successful using PDisp of 0.4 or 0.3, and θMax = 180°, based on dispersal densities and proportion of flies captured. Under the validated dispersal model, Medflies never traveled more than 2.8 km in 30 d. A trapping version gave zero perimeter captures with the core-and-perimeter design, but core area captures in 40% of iterations for single flies. The fully trapped grid captured flies in 79% of iterations but only 12% of traps had captures, indicating suboptimal efficiency. Finally, we compared fully trapped and core-and-perimeter trapping costs using published plans for Medfly and four other species. The costs of the core-and-perimeter designs were 49% to 77% lower at standard sizes but 69% to 88% lower with optimal (shorter) radii.},
}
@article {pmid40331078,
year = {2025},
author = {Dos Santos, GS and Sellera, FP and Furlan, JPR and Ferreira Neto, JS and Heinemann, MB},
title = {The ecological threat posed by invasive species as silent carriers of global priority bacteria to wildlife.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {101043},
pmid = {40331078},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {•Invasive species can act as silent carriers of multidrug-resistant bacterial species.•Invasive species in natural environments without predators can amplify the spread of antimicrobial resistance.•Global data on WHO priority bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in invasive species are provided.•Epidemiological surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in invasive species is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid40330552,
year = {2025},
author = {Clark, EI and Bean, DW and Bitume, EV and Stahlke, AR and Hohenlohe, PA and Hufbauer, RA},
title = {Heritability of body size matches trait evolution in the range expansion of a biological control agent.},
journal = {Current research in insect science},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {100112},
pmid = {40330552},
issn = {2666-5158},
abstract = {Adaptive evolution requires both natural selection and genetic variation. In introduced species, the selective dynamics of range expansion are predicted by theory to lead to differences between the core and the leading edge, with edge individuals evolving to be more fecund (under r-selection) and have greater dispersal ability than core individuals. In arthropods, both fecundity and dispersal ability are often positively correlated with body size. Here, we quantify genetic variation available for evolution of body size in a beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) introduced into North America as a biological control agent. Previously, we found that females at the edge of the range expansion have evolved to be larger than those at the core as predicted by theory, while male body size has not clearly changed, despite the evolution of increased dispersal capacity. Using a half-sib mating design, we measure genetic variation in mass at eclosion and thorax width of female and male beetles from a single introduced population at the core of the range expansion. We find significant heritable genetic variation in females in both traits, but not in males. Thus, lack of genetic variation in body size may preclude evolution of size in males along this expansion front.},
}
@article {pmid40329956,
year = {2024},
author = {Frank, LE and Lindsey, LL and Kipp, EJ and Faulk, C and Stone, S and Roerick, TM and Moore, SA and Wolf, TM and Larsen, PA},
title = {Rapid molecular species identification of mammalian scat samples using nanopore adaptive sampling.},
journal = {Journal of mammalogy},
volume = {105},
number = {5},
pages = {965-975},
pmid = {40329956},
issn = {0022-2372},
abstract = {Accurate taxonomic species identification is essential to the study of mammals. Despite this necessity, rapid and accurate identification of cryptic, understudied, and elusive mammals remains challenging. Traditional barcoding of mitochondrial genes is standard for molecular identification but requires time-consuming wet-lab methodologies. Recent bioinformatic advancements for nanopore sequencing data offer exciting opportunities for noninvasive and field-based identification of mammals. Nanopore adaptive sampling (NAS), a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-free method, selectively sequences regions of DNA according to user-specified reference databases. Here, we utilized NAS to enrich mammalian mitochondrial genome sequencing to identify species. Fecal DNA extractions were sequenced from 9 mammals, several collected in collaboration with Minnesota Tribal Nations, to demonstrate utility for NAS barcoding of noninvasive samples. By mapping to the entire National Center for Biotechnology Information mammalian mitochondrial reference genome database and bioinformatically analyzing highly similar matches, we successfully produced species identifications for all fecal samples. Eight of 9 species identifications matched previous PCR or animal/fecal appearance-based identifications. For the ninth species, our genetic data indicate a misidentification stemming from the original study. Our approach has a range of applications-particularly in field-based wildlife research, conservation, disease surveillance, and monitoring of wildlife trade. Of importance to Minnesota tribes is invasive species monitoring, detections, and confirmation as climate impacts cause changes in biodiversity and shifts in species distributions. The rapid assessment techniques described here will be useful as new introductions and range expansions of native and invasive species may first be detected by the presence of signs such as scat rather than direct observations and will be helpful for chronically understaffed tribal natural resources agencies.},
}
@article {pmid40329923,
year = {2025},
author = {Ndjomatchoua, FT and Stutt, ROJH and Guimapi, RA and Rossini, L and Gilligan, CA},
title = {Integration of temperature-driven population model and pest monitoring data to estimate initial conditions and timing of first field invasion: application to the cassava whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface},
volume = {22},
number = {226},
pages = {20250059},
pmid = {40329923},
issn = {1742-5662},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Temperature ; *Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Empirical field data and simulation models are often used separately to monitor and analyse the dynamics of insect pest populations over time. Greater insight may be achieved when field data are used directly to parametrize population dynamic models. In this paper, we use a differential evolution algorithm to integrate mechanistic physiological-based population models and monitoring data to estimate the population density and the physiological age of the first cohort at the start of the field monitoring. We introduce an ad hoc temperature-driven life-cycle model of Bemisia tabaci in conjunction with field monitoring data. The likely date of local whitefly invasion is estimated, with a subsequent improvement of the model's predictive accuracy. The method allows computation of the likely date of the first field incursion by the pest and demonstrates that the initial physiological age somewhat neglected in prior studies can improve the accuracy of model simulations. Given the increasing availability of monitoring data and models describing terrestrial arthropods, the integration of monitoring data and simulation models to improve model prediction and pioneer invasion date estimate will lead to better decision-making in pest management.},
}
@article {pmid40329811,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Y and Liu, X and Wu, J and Svenning, JC and Liu, J and Shrestha, N},
title = {A comprehensive county-level distribution database of alien and invasive plants in China.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {5},
pages = {e70084},
pmid = {40329811},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {2022YFC2601100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; DNRF173//Danmarks Grundforskningsfond/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; China ; *Plants/classification ; *Databases, Factual ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Over the past half century, international trade and exchange have continued to increase in China, resulting in the widespread introduction of alien plant species. The accumulation of these alien species has accelerated invasion events, posing serious threats to local ecological security and economic development. Comprehensive and accurate species distribution records are extremely important for early detection, understanding dispersal dynamics, and supporting various management strategies and research initiatives. However, biodiversity databases, both global and local, often lack comprehensive and high-resolution distribution data for alien invasive plant species (AIPs). This limitation is particularly evident in China, where local databases typically provide coarse spatial data, often restricted to the provincial level, leading to a substantial underestimation of the actual distribution of AIPs. Here, we fill this gap by creating the most comprehensive distribution database for AIPs in China at a much finer spatial resolution. By integrating 73,469 distribution records from China's online herbarium, biodiversity databases, flora, published literature, and 173,396 georeferenced records from GBIF, we built the county-level distribution database for 400 AIPs and report for the first time their presence in 2684 administrative counties in China (92.5% of the total counties). Notably, our database provides 2.58 times more distribution records than global biodiversity data repositories such as GBIF and also includes the earliest introduction dates for each AIP. The temporal range of the records spans from 1607 to 2023, capturing over 400 years of AIP presence in China. These rigorously quality-controlled georeferenced data can be used to examine the dynamics and influencing factors of plant invasions in China. They can also serve as the most updated data reference for policy makers in designing effective AIP management policies in China. We encourage users to cite this data paper when utilizing the data, and there are no restrictions on its use for non-commercial purposes.},
}
@article {pmid40328796,
year = {2025},
author = {Doherty, K and Gurinas, M and Samsoe, E and Casper, C and Larkin, B and Ramsey, P and Trabucco, B and Salakhutdinov, R},
title = {Ground-truthed and high-resolution drone images of the leafy spurge weed plant (Euphorbia esula).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {746},
pmid = {40328796},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Montana ; *Euphorbia ; Introduced Species ; *Plant Weeds ; Grassland ; *Unmanned Aerial Devices ; },
abstract = {This dataset comprises 1.3 cm resolution aerial images of grasslands in western Montana, USA, captured by a commercial drone. Many scenes contain leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), introduced to North America, now widespread in rangeland ecosystems, which is highly invasive and damaging to crop production and biodiversity. Technicians surveyed 1000 points in the study area, noting spurge presence or absence, and recorded each point's position with precision global navigation satellite systems. We cropped tiles from an orthomosaic image at these locations. We publicly release these images and metadata as a Hugging Face Dataset, accessible in one line of code. Our aim is to invite the research community to develop classifiers as early warning systems for spurge invasion. We tested classification performance for two contemporary vision models and achieved 0.85 test accuracy. This demonstrates the feasibility yet difficulty of this classification task.},
}
@article {pmid40328778,
year = {2025},
author = {Marchioro, M and Rossini, M and Ortis, G and Ruzzier, E and Vallotto, D and Besana, L and Faccoli, M},
title = {The first host plant dataset of Curculionidae Scolytinae of the world: Hylastini LeConte, Hylurgini Gistel, Ipini Bedel, Phloeosinini Nusslin, Polygraphini Chapuis.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {751},
pmid = {40328778},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Weevils/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Tracheophyta/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Wood-boring beetles and, in particular, Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are one of the most successful groups of invasive species worldwide. They can be easily transported across continents at the larval stage as their development takes place inside the tissues of live plants, timber, wood products and wood-packaging materials. This grants them protection from adverse travel conditions and allows them to often go unnoticed by phytosanitary inspections at ports of entry. In this context, knowledge of biological traits of these species, particularly the recorded host plants, is essential for planning effective monitoring strategies. This kind of information is scattered through a large amount of papers, catalogs and books. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive list of host plants and their economic categorization for five scolytine tribes. This fourth contribution presents the list of host plants for 829 species belonging to five tribes that mainly, but not exclusively, infest conifers: Hylastini LeConte, Hylurgini Gistel, Ipini Bedel, Phloeosinini Nusslin, and Polygraphini Chapuis.},
}
@article {pmid40328306,
year = {2025},
author = {Arabesky, V and Johnson, AD and Rozenberg, T and Lubin, Y and Segoli, M and Mowery, MA},
title = {Maternal care thwarts parasitoids in the invasive brown widow spider (Latrodectus geometricus).},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2046},
pages = {20242735},
pmid = {40328306},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation/ ; //Oscar and Jan Francke Student Research Fund of the International Society of Arachnology/ ; //Zuckerman STEM Leadership Postdoctoral Fellowship to MAM/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Wasps/physiology ; Female ; *Spiders/parasitology/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Maternal Behavior ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Animals, Poisonous ; },
abstract = {Maternal care can maximize offspring survival and may contribute to the establishment success of invasive species. The brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus, is a successful invader worldwide. Here, we investigated the role of maternal care in enhancing its success. We compared the defence mechanisms of the invasive L. geometricus with those of another widow spider native to the Negev desert, Latrodectus pallidus, against an egg sac parasitoid wasp. Both spider species exhibited guarding behaviours following exposure to wasps; however, only L. geometricus efficiently evaded and successfully killed the parasitoid. Accordingly, its egg sacs were parasitized less frequently than those of L. pallidus. Next, we evaluated the defensive role of the silk spike-like structures on L. geometricus egg sacs. When spikes were removed from half of the egg sac surface, the wasps laid more eggs on the spike-free side. In an additional experiment, L. geometricus females increased spike density on subsequent egg sacs after exposure to the parasitoid. We showed that L. geometricus employs both behavioural defences and modifications to the egg sac structure to protect against the parasitoid. These defences may provide L. geometricus with an advantage over native species in its invasive range, potentially contributing to its invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid40328259,
year = {2025},
author = {van Rees, CB and Geist, J and Arthington, AH},
title = {Grasping at water: a gap-oriented approach to bridging shortfalls in freshwater biodiversity conservation.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {100},
number = {5},
pages = {1970-1993},
pmid = {40328259},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {//Network for Engineering With Nature/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Fresh Water ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Freshwater biodiversity is the fastest declining part of the global biota, threatened by multiple stressors including habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, invasive species, water pollution, and abstraction by humans. A multitude of recent agenda-setting publications have pointed out key objectives and goals for addressing this freshwater biodiversity crisis, but important gaps must be overcome to reach ambitious conservation targets. In this perspective, we complement these high-level papers in freshwater conservation by highlighting important gaps in knowledge, governance, and implementation. This gap-oriented approach is designed to facilitate meaningful action by highlighting missing 'pieces' in the conservation process, and their connection to existing and emerging solutions in the literature. We derive 13 overarching gaps from a conference session and informal synthesis of recent literature in freshwater biodiversity conservation to catalyse research, advocacy, and action to meet freshwater goals for the post-2020 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Key gaps include inventory data on global freshwater biodiversity, collating and mobilizing conservation evidence in practice, improving coordination of ecological governance at scale -including within and across catchments-and navigating trade-offs between economic development, resource consumption, and priorities for freshwater biodiversity. Finally, we apply this gap-oriented approach to key language describing GBF goals for freshwater biodiversity conservation, and point out existing and emerging solutions which may help address important gaps. Major themes that address multiple gaps include the use of Nature-based Solutions and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs), navigation of water management trade-offs between human and environmental needs, co-production of knowledge with Indigenous and local people and other stakeholders, integration of conservation research and action between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and funding and policy mechanisms to facilitate conservation action and support meaningful monitoring of conservation evidence across hydrological scales.},
}
@article {pmid40328132,
year = {2025},
author = {Prabhakaran, N and Gupta, GVM and Kumar, BSK},
title = {A critical review on ocean acidification driven by disinfection by-products discharge from ships' ballast water management systems: Impacts on carbon chemistry.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {118029},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118029},
pmid = {40328132},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Seawater/chemistry ; *Ships ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Disinfection ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; *Disinfectants ; Oceans and Seas ; *Water Purification ; Carbon ; Ocean Acidification ; },
abstract = {The world's blue economy is closely tied to maritime trade, but ballast water from ships often carries harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens, which disrupt the marine environment. To address this, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) mandated ballast water treatment to eradicate these invasive species. However, the treatment processes inherently generate numerous Disinfection by-Products (DBPs). The discharge of these DBPs exacerbates ocean acidification through various acid- and CO2-releasing reactions. The IMO's Ballast Water Working Group has listed 41 high-priority DBPs for risk assessment due to their toxicity and prevalence in treated ballast water. This review quantitatively evaluates changes in pH and carbonate ions in seawater using the PyCO2SYS software package. Results reveal that DBPs can reduce ocean pH by ∼0.057 units and carbonate ion concentrations by 24.06 μmol kg[-1] during a single discharge of 1 m[3] treated water. In addition, this review outlines the challenges and research gaps for marine ecosystems sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid40327536,
year = {2025},
author = {Proboste, T and Turnlund, A and Bengsen, A and Gentle, M and Wilson, C and Harriott, L and Fuller, RA and Marshall, D and Soares-Magalhaes, RJ},
title = {Quantifying feral pig interactions to inform disease transmission networks.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40327536},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {2008937//National Health and Medical Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Swine ; Male ; Female ; *Swine Diseases/transmission/epidemiology ; Australia/epidemiology ; *Zoonoses/transmission ; *Animals, Wild ; Social Behavior ; },
abstract = {Feral pigs threaten biodiversity in 54 countries and cause an estimated $120 billion in damages annually in the USA. They endanger over 600 native species and have driven 14 to extinction. Additionally, they pose a significant zoonotic disease risk, carrying pathogens such as Brucella, leptospirosis, and Japanese encephalitis. Understanding and controlling disease spread relies on models of social dynamics, but these vary widely across regions, limiting the transferability of findings from the USA and Europe to other locations like Australia. This study addresses this gap by analysing the social interactions of 146 GPS-tracked feral pigs in Australia using a proximity-based social network approach. Findings reveal that females exhibit stronger group cohesion, while males act as key connectors between groups. Contact rates are high within groups, facilitating rapid intra-group disease spread, whereas inter-group transmission is slower. Seasonal variations further impact dynamics, with increased contact in summer. These insights suggest that targeting adult males in control programs could help limit disease outbreaks. Given the rising economic and public health concerns associated with animal diseases, the study highlights the need for localized strategies based on feral pig social behaviour to enhance global control efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40325154,
year = {2025},
author = {Ji, F and Shen, J and Zhang, W and Yan, S and Shan, B and Zha, J},
title = {Discriminating spatiotemporal heterogeneity and environmental drivers of fish assemblages using environmental DNA metabarcoding in mosaic habitat ecosystems.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {15705},
pmid = {40325154},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2019YFC1803402//National Key Research and Development Project/ ; 21976202//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/genetics/classification ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Ecosystem ; *DNA, Environmental/genetics/analysis ; Biodiversity ; China ; Water Quality ; Seasons ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; },
abstract = {Surveys of fish diversity in complex heterogeneous environments are highly challenging to perform using traditional survey methods. Although environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been effectively used to evaluate fish diversity, studies exploring the spatial and temporal variability of fish communities in mosaic habitats and their connection to water quality after ecological project implementation are still scarce. Here, we evaluated the changes in water quality and fish assembles using the traditional method and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding after Ecological water replenishment (EWR) and the links between fish communities and water quality were established in the Baiyangdian (BYD) ecosystem in the North China Plain. All water quality variables including TN, NH3-N, CODMn and TP showed a conspicuous improvement pattern, and the number of fish species increased notably after EWR. In addition, 6 more introduced fish species were recorded when compared with the historical data before the implementation of the EWR project. Furthermore, the species richness showed a highly significant difference among the four habitats in the summer 2020 and spring 2021 (spring: P = 0.000; summer: P = 0.002), and obvious discrimination of fish communities across two seasons was observed (P = 0.001) with eDNA metabarcoding. The water quality variables driving the changes of fish communities during the same period varied significantly across different habitats, while not all showed noticeable discrepancy in driving cross-seasonal fish community changes. Thus, our study highlights that the continuous EWR improves the water quality and fish richness but potential ecological issues associated with introduced species should be carefully considered after EWR. Our results also confirm that eDNA is a reliable tool for assessing fish diversity and distinguishing spatiotemporal variability of fish communities in mosaic habitat ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40324679,
year = {2025},
author = {Martin Ewert, A and McMenamin, A and Adjaye, D and Rainey, V and Ricigliano, V},
title = {Microalgae functional feed additives strengthen immunity and increase longevity in honey bees.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {211},
number = {},
pages = {108352},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108352},
pmid = {40324679},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/immunology/physiology ; *Longevity/drug effects ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; *Microalgae ; Chlorella vulgaris ; Spirulina ; Diet ; },
abstract = {Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are faced with a myriad of immunological threats, often worsened by poor nutrition. The use of functional feed additives offers a promising strategy to address colony nutritional deficiencies while helping strengthen bee immune responses and mitigate stress. Microalgae have gained recognition as beneficial diet ingredients for livestock due to their abundance of essential nutrients and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we tested the effects of microalgae-containing feed on honey bee immunity, lifespan, and nutrient assimilation. Caged bees were fed a commercial artificial diet or the same diet with added pollen, spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) or Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris). Immune-related gene expression, longevity, and body weight were measured following six days of ad libitum feeding. All diets resulted in similar body weights, indicating adequate nutrient assimilation. While bees fed the pollen-containing diet lived the longest (median lifespan = 51 days), bees fed spirulina- and Chlorella-containing diets lived significantly longer (median lifespan = 48 and 46 days, respectively) than those fed the base diet (median lifespan = 40 days). Spirulina-fed bees exhibited significantly higher expression of several antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes relative to the base diet and had superior bacterial clearing ability after injection with live E. coli cells. We propose that this increased immunocompetence is at least partially due to elevated AMP levels. Our findings suggest that the tested microalgae can improve honey bee longevity and immune functions with negligible health costs relative to a commonly used artificial diet. Determining the effects of microalgae feed additives in field-relevant contexts and in the face of diverse pathogen challenges should be the focus of future research efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40320838,
year = {2025},
author = {Jensen, AJ and Goldstein, BR and Cove, MV and Pacifici, K and Kierepka, E and Rooney, B and McShea, W and Kays, R},
title = {Mammals on the Margins: Identifying the Drivers and Limitations of Range Expansion.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {e70222},
pmid = {40320838},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2206783//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Animals ; *Mammals/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; Ecosystem ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; North America ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Accurately estimating species distributions is critical for tracking how biodiversity is shaped by global change. While some species are expanding their ranges, the importance of factors like climate change, habitat change, and human avoidance for explaining this expansion is not well understood. Here, we used observations of 94 North American mammals on iNaturalist to (1) identify errors of omission in the existing range maps; (2) differentiate between extra-range populations that are likely products of natural expansions vs. introductions; and (3) test hypotheses about where natural range expansions occur. We found a substantial percentage of observations were outside both IUCN (16%) and Area of Habitat (36%) maps, suggesting that integrating contemporary citizen science data would improve existing range maps. We estimated that most observations outside IUCN ranges were natural expansions and 95% of species had at least one naturally expanding population. We also identified introductions for 36% of species, which were particularly extensive for several species. We show that natural range expansions are generally associated with a lighter human footprint and less habitat change and are not associated with warming temperatures. This suggests that habitat modifications by humans constrain the ability of species to expand their range to track a changing climate. We also found substantial variation in the directionality of effects from all factors across species, meaning that our species-specific findings will be useful for conservation planning. Our study demonstrates that citizen science data can be useful for conservation by tracking how organisms are responding, or failing to respond, to global change.},
}
@article {pmid40320693,
year = {2025},
author = {Staude, IR and Grenié, M and Thomas, CD and Kühn, I and Zizka, A and Golivets, M and Ledger, SEH and Méndez, L},
title = {Many non-native plant species are threatened in parts of their native range.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {247},
number = {4},
pages = {1579-1583},
pmid = {40320693},
issn = {1469-8137},
}
@article {pmid40320667,
year = {2025},
author = {Lu, JZ and Yang, J and Bluhm, C and Foltran, E and Rivera Pérez, CA and Glatthorn, J and Ammer, C and Lamersdorf, N and Polle, A and Berg, M and Potapov, AM and Scheu, S},
title = {Mixed forests with native species mitigate impacts of introduced Douglas fir on soil decomposers (Collembola).},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {e70034},
pmid = {40320667},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {DFG 316045089//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {*Forests ; *Soil/chemistry ; Animals ; *Pseudotsuga/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Arthropods/physiology/classification ; Picea ; Fagus ; },
abstract = {Forest ecosystem management requires the conservation of associated biodiversity. Enriching native forests with economically valuable conifer species provides economic gains and meets the increasing societal demand for timber but may threaten biodiversity. Soil sustains most of forest biodiversity, but the impact of changes in tree species composition, including native and non-native species, on soil invertebrates remains little studied. We investigated the impact of different forest types on the taxonomic and functional composition of springtail communities (Collembola, Insecta), an abundant and diverse microarthropod group inhabiting litter and soil. Using native Fagus sylvatica (European beech) as reference, we compared Collembola communities with native but range-expanding Picea abies (Norway spruce) and non-native Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) as well as beech-conifer mixtures. The abundance of Collembola was higher in Norway spruce than in European beech, with little difference among the other forest types. Further, the taxonomic and functional composition of Collembola was shifted to more parthenogenetic species at sandy sites, stressing the importance of regional factors such as soil type and climate in structuring Collembola communities. Collembola communities in Douglas fir were more pigmented and distributed to the surface, resulting in a lower proportion of euedaphic Collembola compared to European beech forests. In mixed forests, the impacts of Douglas fir on euedaphic Collembola were reduced, suggesting that negative effects of introduced tree species on soil animal communities might be alleviated by limiting Douglas fir to enrichment plantings only. Overall, the results indicate that vertical distribution in soil and morphological traits of Collembola help to better understand the changes in decomposer communities due to planting non-native tree species.},
}
@article {pmid40319612,
year = {2025},
author = {Ceriani, A and Chafik, Y and Miali, A and Bourgerie, S and Dalle Fratte, M and Cerabolini, BEL and Morabito, D and Montagnoli, A},
title = {Remediating heavy metal-contaminated soil through invasive alien plant-derived biochar and stinging nettle powder.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {144435},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144435},
pmid = {40319612},
issn = {1879-1298},
mesh = {*Soil Pollutants/metabolism/analysis ; *Charcoal/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Soil/chemistry ; *Metals, Heavy/analysis/metabolism ; Urtica dioica/chemistry ; Solidago/chemistry ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods ; Lead/metabolism ; Arsenic/analysis/metabolism ; Biomass ; Phaseolus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) threaten ecosystem integrity worldwide. IAPS eradication is expensive, and their biomass is considered waste. Producing biochar from IAPS biomasses could turn waste into a resource. At the same time, this material could be used to remediate polluted soils. Also, using widespread native weeds, such as Urtica dioica (U), as an additional amendment could further improve soil remediation. In a phytoremediation experiment, we applied biochar produced from two widespread IAPS' biomass, i.e. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) (BA) and Solidago gigantea Aiton (BS), at different rates (2 % and 5 % w/w) together with Urtica dioica L. powder (U) (2 % w/w) in an Arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb)-contaminated soil, using Phaseolus vulgaris L. as an indicator plant species. We measured the amendment's effects on soil pore water (SPW) properties, plant and fine root development, and soil enzymatic activities. When BS was added alone, and when BA was combined with U SPW's pH and electrical conductivity (EC) increased and [Pb] diminished, which augmented plant growth and reduced Pb uptake. Combining the biochar types and U increased the soil's enzymatic activities, fine root length, biomass, and specific root length. Finally, both biochar types with U increased As mobility in SPW, leading to higher plant uptake in roots, although without translocation to aboveground organs. Our findings contribute to developing cost-effective and environmentally sustainable practices for managing polluted soil. Simultaneously, they tackle the problem of IAPS, which can be used in the future to provide guidelines for policymakers.},
}
@article {pmid40318192,
year = {2025},
author = {Sands, B and Giroux, L and Bruce, J},
title = {Dung beetle species assemblages in cattle pastures of Vermont and New York State.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {532-543},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf042},
pmid = {40318192},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {2018-70006-28882//Northeastern IPM Center/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Vermont ; New York ; *Biodiversity ; Cattle ; Soil/chemistry ; Animal Husbandry/methods ; Feces ; },
abstract = {Dung beetles provide key ecosystem services in pasture environments. In the Northeastern U.S., dairy is the largest agricultural sector and grass-based dairy production is increasing. Despite the importance of dung beetles as beneficial pasture insects, the consequences of changes in pasture habitat with more cattle out on pasture are not well understood, nor is dung beetle species composition known for several states in Northeastern U.S. The aims of this study were to investigate dung beetle diversity and community structure on dairy pastures across Vermont and North Country, New York, and identify relevant livestock management factors that influence these dynamics. Dung baited pitfall trapping and soil health analysis were conducted on 29 grazing dairy farms using different grazing strategies and parasite management. The results reveal an abundant and diverse dung beetle community; however, the population was dominated by individuals of introduced species of European origin, particularly Colobopterus erraticus (Linnaeus, 1758; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) which comprised 74% of beetles collected. Native dung beetle species abundance was lower in the Northeast Kingdom of VT. Species assemblage structure differed between management practices related to parasiticide use and grazing. The soil health outcomes bulk density (0 to 50 mm), total carbon, and total nitrogen were correlated with dung beetle biodiversity indices and grazing management. The results indicate that livestock management may influence dung beetle species assemblages and strategies to support biodiversity may support soil health and nutrient cycling in the Northeast.},
}
@article {pmid40317965,
year = {2025},
author = {Ojha, M and Shigwan, BK and Nerlekar, AN and Datar, MN and Chavan, BP and Barua, D},
title = {Differential impacts of invasion on plant communities of two types of savannas in India.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {e70035},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70035},
pmid = {40317965},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ATBC) (Seed Grant 2022)/ ; //IISER, Pune/ ; //UGC/ ; },
mesh = {India ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants/classification ; *Biodiversity ; *Grassland ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions pose a threat to biodiversity in tropical savannas. Invasive plants can alter savanna communities in complex ways, where impacts can vary with the intensity of invasion, the spatial scales examined, and by climate. However, our understanding of such impacts on Asian tropical savannas is limited. To address this knowledge gap, we examined how plant invasion impacted plant communities across increasing levels of invasion, at different spatial scales, in two climatically determined savannas in tropical India. We sampled vegetation at three sites each in drier fine-leaf savannas (FLS) and wetter broadleaf savannas (BLS). At each site, we sampled replicate locations with plots assigned to uninvaded savannas, invaded savannas at three invasion levels, and old-growth savannas that served as a benchmark for comparison. We quantified alpha and beta plant diversity, and differences in community composition that were partitioned into components representative of species loss and replacement. We found that while richness and diversity decreased linearly, evenness increased linearly with invasion. The loss of species was much greater in BLS (60%) than in FLS (30%). Differences in composition with invasion were more pronounced in BLS and driven by species turnover in both savannas. We did not find evidence for homogenization at larger spatial scales, with no differences in beta diversity in FLS and an increase in BLS with invasion. These results highlight the utility of examining multiple measures of diversity, as they provide insights into how relationships between richness and evenness can translate into diversity. The linear nature of responses of the community to increasing invasion suggests that management efforts may be equally effective at different stages of invasion in these savannas. Further, the observed increase in beta diversity in invaded BLS communities adds to the growing reports of spatial scale-dependent effects and reinforces the need to examine invasion at multiple spatial scales. Overall, the greater loss of species and pronounced community changes in BLS, which is the dominant savanna type in the Indian subcontinent and home to many endemic species, suggest that it should be prioritized for conservation, management, and future restoration.},
}
@article {pmid40316822,
year = {2025},
author = {Perelló, E and Pinya, S and Box, A and Sureda, A and Compa, M},
title = {Assessing heavy metal accumulation in the invasive blue crab (Callinectes sapidus): environmental and human health implications.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {32},
number = {21},
pages = {12579-12593},
pmid = {40316822},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; FJC2021-047606-I//MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan/ ; Biodibal//University of the Balearic Islands and Red El&#xe9;ctrica de Espa&#xf1;a/ ; CALIBAL//Chair of Sea of the Iberostar Foundation - University of the Balearic Islands./ ; CALIBAL 2.0//Chair of Sea of the Iberostar Foundation - University of the Balearic Islands./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Metals, Heavy/metabolism ; *Brachyura/metabolism ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; Male ; Female ; Mediterranean Sea ; Cadmium ; Mercury ; },
abstract = {Heavy metals are increasingly becoming a significant environmental concern, especially regarding food safety and security. This is especially concerning as the consumption of harvested marine species can pose potential health concerns. The arrival of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, to the Balearic Islands has led to the need to evaluate its environmental implications and potential as a food source as part of management efforts. In the present study, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in the muscle tissue of C. sapidus were evaluated at several locations in the Balearic Islands in the western Mediterranean Sea. A total of eighty-three blue crabs were examined (45 males and 38 females) and the concentrations of the heavy metals were evaluated. Regarding metal concentrations, overall, Hg was the most present followed by Cd and then Pb. Concentrations were also site dependent, with Es Grau having the highest Hg concentrations while in s'Albufereta the highest Cd concentrations were observed. Moreover, differences in metal accumulation were also observed between sexes, with juveniles and females exhibiting higher Cd concentrations than males. Furthermore, regarding potential human health concerns for consumption, the margin of exposure (MOE) for Pb were all above 1 and the estimated weekly ingestion (EWI) for Cd and Hg, were all below the established guidelines for food safety. These results highlight that the consumption of C. sapidus from the Balearic Islands does not currently pose a health risk the recreational fisheries sector. Considering these findings, the muscle tissue of C. sapidus is a valuable bioindicator for monitoring heavy metal levels, and continued site-specific monitoring is recommended for the coastal ecosystems of the Balearic Islands.},
}
@article {pmid40314403,
year = {2025},
author = {Yalcin, IE and Altay, V and Ozturk, M},
title = {Phytoremediation potential and ecophysiological features of water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes: a case study from Orontes River, Türkiye.},
journal = {Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances &amp; environmental engineering},
volume = {60},
number = {2},
pages = {66-78},
doi = {10.1080/10934529.2025.2497650},
pmid = {40314403},
issn = {1532-4117},
mesh = {*Eichhornia/metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism/analysis ; Rivers/chemistry ; *Metals, Heavy/metabolism/analysis ; Turkey ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {The pollution of freshwater resources has become a critical global issue due to intensive and unregulated agricultural practices, rapid urbanization, and industrial expansion along waterways. Phytoremediation, which involves using aquatic macrophytes to remove contaminants from water, is recognized as an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective remediation strategy. This study investigates the phytoremediation capacity of Eichhornia crassipes in reducing heavy metal contamination in the transboundary Orontes (Asi) River within Türkiye's borders. The Asi River, spanning 571 km from Lebanon through Syria to the Mediterranean Sea in Hatay, Türkiye, is severely affected by heavy metal pollution, primarily due to agricultural activities. The study assessed the bioaccumulation potential of E. crassipes, which grows abundantly in the river, focusing on metal accumulation in its petioles. The concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, and lead in petioles were quantified at 6.69, 23.50, 29.77, and 65.25 mg kg[-1], respectively, while the maximum concentrations of these metals in the aquatic habitat were 76.57, 303.26, 693.58, and 106.19 µg L[-1], respectively. The effectiveness of phytoremediation can be further enhanced through genetic modification, microbial stimulation, and chemical or natural amendments. These findings illustrate the significant potential of E. crassipes for heavy metal remediation in natural water bodies, contributing to ecosystem conservation, species sustainability, and biodiversity protection.},
}
@article {pmid40314144,
year = {2025},
author = {Konishi, T and Uemori, K and Tamura, S and Taki, H and Shoda-Kagaya, E},
title = {The avoidance of conspecific cues during egg-laying decision-making in the Asian long-horned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {115},
number = {4},
pages = {511-516},
doi = {10.1017/S000748532500032X},
pmid = {40314144},
issn = {1475-2670},
mesh = {Animals ; *Oviposition ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Female ; *Cues ; },
abstract = {For insects whose larvae are incapable of moving between food resources, the selection of oviposition sites by females is critical to the survival and development of their offspring. In such insects, it is known that females utilise and benefit from conspecific cues for oviposition choice. Studying how information from the behaviour of conspecifics affects egg-laying decision-making is crucial for understanding the biology of insects, which can lead to novel strategies for pest management. We focused on the reproductive behaviour of the Asian long-horned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis, which has become an invasive pest species throughout the world. Here, we show that A. glabripennis avoids sites already containing conspecific cues during egg-laying decision-making. The field survey measuring the distance between neighbouring oviposition scars (in this species, females make scars through the bark of host branches for laying eggs) suggested that the selection of oviposition sites by females is not random. In laboratory oviposition-choice bioassays, females made less oviposition scars on branches containing scars made by other females than those without scars. In addition, female oviposition was also deterred by the presence of their own oviposition scars. Our results indicate that avoiding sites containing conspecific (and their own) traces realises fitness benefit such as reducing resource competition among larvae. This study provides insights into the reproductive behaviour of this invasive longhorn beetle, which is useful for developing environmentally friendly control methods such as oviposition deterrents.},
}
@article {pmid40314126,
year = {2025},
author = {Waki, T and Nitta, M and Ansai, E and Ishikawa, T and Kitazawa, Y and Hagiwara, T and Sekine, H and Takano, K and Hayashi, M},
title = {Introduction of Azygia hwangtsiyui (Trematoda: Azygidae) to Japan with its life cycle information.},
journal = {Journal of helminthology},
volume = {99},
number = {},
pages = {e59},
doi = {10.1017/S0022149X25000379},
pmid = {40314126},
issn = {1475-2697},
mesh = {Animals ; Japan ; *Trematoda/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; Snails/parasitology ; *Life Cycle Stages ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology ; DNA, Helminth/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Trematode Infections/veterinary/parasitology ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics/chemistry ; Fishes/parasitology ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Perciformes/parasitology ; },
abstract = {In Japan, three trematode species of the genus Azygia have been recorded: A. gotoi, A. perryii, and A. rhinogobii. Here, we report the first detection of A. hwangtsiyui in Japan, identified from the introduced snakehead Channa argus. This trematode was previously known only from the snakeheads in mainland China. Between 2015 and 2024, we sampled snakeheads and snails in Japan, collecting adult trematodes and rediae. Adult trematodes were identified morphologically as A. hwangtsiyui, a determination corroborated by molecular analyses of the COI and 28S rDNA regions. Rediae extracted from the snail Sinotaia quadrata histrica were also identified molecularly as A. hwangtsiyui, indicating the snail acts as an intermediate host. Juvenile trematodes from the short-spined Japanese trident goby Tridentiger brevispinis were also morphologically identified as A. hwangtsiyui, indicating that this goby acts as a paratenic host. Given the snakehead's introduction to Japan between 1923 and 1924, the absence of records of later introductions, and the presence of both intermediate and paratenic hosts in Japan at that time, A. hwangtsiyui was likely introduced concurrently with the snakehead. As the detection of three COI haplotypes suggests multiple introductions, subsequent introductions via the aquarium trade or other pathways involving the transport of freshwater fish and mollusks from Asia to Japan are also plausible.},
}
@article {pmid40311402,
year = {2025},
author = {Ohanna, M and Silveira, TCL and Crivellaro, MS and Segal, B},
title = {Charting the invasion: Predicting Tubastraea spp. next move into Brazilian marine protected areas.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {118030},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118030},
pmid = {40311402},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Brazil ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Anthozoa ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {In the late 1980s, the sun coral, Tubastraea spp. (Scleractinia; Dendrophylliidae), was introduced to Brazil via biofouling on oil platforms and drilling vessels. Today, these corals have spread over 3000 km of the Brazilian coast, colonizing a range of habitats, including oil platforms, drilling ships, monobuoys and natural reefs. Concerned about the potential impacts on Brazilian marine ecosystems, management actions have been implemented in various regions. To achieve success in management, early detection and monitoring are essential. To address this need, our study focuses on modeling the habitat suitability for Tubastraea spp. along the Brazilian coast, aiming to support control and monitoring activities within marine protected areas (MPAs). By utilizing habitat suitability models that incorporate both environmental and anthropogenic predictors, our results indicate a broad potential distribution for Tubastraea spp., with oil and gas extraction identified as the primary influencing factor. Our analysis ranked the most vulnerable Brazilian MPAs to Tubastraea spp. invasion, highlighting the Arapiranga-Tromaí Extractive Reserve, Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands Natural Monument, and the Costa dos Corais Environmental Protected Area as the most threatened. This study offers valuable insights into prioritizing efforts and resources for the control, monitoring, and prevention of sun coral invasion along the Brazilian coast, particularly in light of ongoing discussions about the oil industry's plans to operate at the Amazon River mouth.},
}
@article {pmid40309260,
year = {2025},
author = {Tobias, ZJC and Miller, G and Tepolt, CK},
title = {Variation of thermal tolerance during northward range expansion in the invasive golden star tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {coaf018},
pmid = {40309260},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {Populations within a species can differ with respect to their thermal physiology, with variation often observed across gradients in environmental temperature with latitude or elevation. The tempo at which phenotypic plasticity and/or local adaptation are able to shape variation in thermal tolerance has implications for species persistence in an increasingly volatile climate. Having encountered novel environments during introduction and subsequent range expansion, non-indigenous species present useful case studies for examining thermal tolerance differentiation on contemporary time scales. Here we test for differentiation of heat and cold tolerance among three populations of the invasive golden star tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas), spanning a 24.3° latitudinal gradient in the Northeast Pacific. We observed differentiation of post-larval heat tolerance among our sites, with our southern, putatively warm-adapted population exhibiting a significantly higher LT50 than the two more northern populations. We also found that adult cardiac performance at cold temperatures is progressively greater in colder, higher latitude populations. This pattern may suggest compensatory genetic adaptation to colder environmental temperatures. By examining both heat tolerance and cold performance simultaneously among populations of an invasive ascidian, we document how this marine ectotherm is capable of shifting its physiology to novel environmental conditions over compressed time scales, with implications for the spread of this invasive species and, more broadly, for species' responses to temperature in an era of global change.},
}
@article {pmid40307300,
year = {2025},
author = {Gómez-Silva, V and Jaksic, FM and Crego, RD and Flores-Benner, G and Schüttler, E},
title = {Adaptive response in waterbirds after mink introduction in subantarctic ecosystems.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {15147},
pmid = {40307300},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Master grant 22220927//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; PIA/BASAL FB0002//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; PIA/BASAL FB0002//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; ANID/BASAL FB210018//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Mink/physiology ; *Nesting Behavior/physiology ; Chile ; *Geese/physiology ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Introduced Species ; *Ducks/physiology ; },
abstract = {Ground-nesting birds on islands are particularly vulnerable to the introduction of terrestrial carnivores because the former often lack defensive behaviors, displaying high levels of naivety under absence of co-evolutionary history. Relatively few studies have addressed such potentially adaptive responses. In this study, we investigated whether two bird species, upland geese (Chloephaga picta) and flightless steamer ducks (Tachyeres pteneres) have modified their nesting strategies as a response to the novel predatory pressure imposed by the invasive American mink (Neogale vison) on Navarino Island, southernmost Chile, since its arrival in 2001. We used discriminant analysis and pairwise Wilcoxon tests to compare two data sets (n = 140 nests in total) regarding the macro- and microhabitat where nests were placed, separated by a time span of 15 years. We found that upland geese currently nest in less dense habitat (macrohabitat), hide their nests in shorter shrubs with lower top and side cover (microhabitat), and breed later in the season. In contrast, flightless steamer ducks retain almost the same nesting habitat characteristics. We discuss our findings in the context of ecological and evolutionary restrictions to adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid40307010,
year = {2025},
author = {Fujiwara, A and Hagiwara, H and Tsuchimoto, M and Tsuchida, T},
title = {Prevalence, Symbiosis with Rickettsia, and Transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus of Invasive Bemisia tabaci MED Q2 in Japan.},
journal = {Microbes and environments},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40307010},
issn = {1347-4405},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/virology/microbiology ; *Begomovirus/physiology/isolation &amp; purification ; Japan ; *Plant Diseases/virology ; *Symbiosis ; *Rickettsia/physiology/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Insect Vectors/virology/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; Prevalence ; Solanum lycopersicum/virology ; },
abstract = {The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a notorious insect pest that transmits plant pathogenic viruses to a wide range of economically important crops. An invasive genetic group of B. tabaci, Mediterranean Q2 (MED Q2), has recently spread to Europe, USA, and Asia. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of MED Q2 in Japanese agricultural sites and found that its distribution has expanded since it was initially detected in 2013. A polymerase chain reaction ana-lysis revealed that all MED Q2 individuals were infected with Rickettsia. Rickettsia titers increased during nymphal development, presumably in response to the nutritional needs of the host. A fluorescence in situ hybridization ana-lysis revealed that Rickettsia was densely located near Portiera-containing bacteriocytes at all growth stages. Therefore, Rickettsia may play an important role, such as supplying nutrients to the host, in cooperation with Portiera. Transfer experiments indicated that MED Q2 was as effective a vector for Tomato yellow leaf curl virus as MED Q1 and, thus, is a high-risk agricultural pest. These results provide important insights into the biology and ecology of invasive MED Q2 to effectively control its spread and minimize its impact on crops.},
}
@article {pmid40305661,
year = {2025},
author = {Tavoloni, T and Bacchiocchi, S and Stramenga, A and Siracusa, M and Ciriaci, M and Griffoni, F and Azzurro, E and Piersanti, A},
title = {Safe consumption of marine invaders: a snapshot of Diadema setosum contamination levels in the frame of European novel food standards.},
journal = {Food additives &amp; contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure &amp; risk assessment},
volume = {42},
number = {6},
pages = {746-757},
doi = {10.1080/19440049.2025.2494215},
pmid = {40305661},
issn = {1944-0057},
mesh = {Animals ; *Food Contamination/analysis ; Europe ; Fluorocarbons/analysis ; *Sea Urchins/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; },
abstract = {Consuming marine invaders is increasingly recognized as an effective strategy for controlling their populations. Following European legislation (Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 on novel foods), it is crucial to ensure that these invasive species are safe for consumption. This study presents the first screening of potential contaminants in gonad samples of Diadema setosum, an invasive sea urchin species, offering a snapshot of contamination levels. The study analyzed Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Marine biotoxins (MBs), and a broad spectrum of inorganic elements, including heavy metals. The results showed that all analyzed contaminants were significantly below the maximum limits set for regulated fishery products in Europe, though some concerns arose from the levels of cadmium (Cd) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) detected in certain specimens. These preliminary findings underscore the need for more extensive investigations into D. setosum contaminant levels to ensure the safety of potential consumption.},
}
@article {pmid40302756,
year = {2025},
author = {Zalewski, A and Kołodziej-Sobocińska, M and Virtanen, JME and Zalewska, H and Sironen, T and Zub, K and Nieoczym, M and Popiołek, M and Wereszczuk, A},
title = {Drivers Shaping Spillover of Aleutian Mink Disease Virus Introduced With American Mink Among Native Mustelids.},
journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {3184679},
pmid = {40302756},
issn = {1865-1682},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aleutian Mink Disease Virus/isolation &amp; purification ; *Aleutian Mink Disease/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; Poland/epidemiology ; *Mink/virology ; *Introduced Species ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; *Mustelidae/virology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species pose a major threat to ecosystems by outcompeting native species for resources, altering habitats, enabling potential genetic hybridisation and introducing pathogens into the environment. An understanding of the factors that determine virus transfer between invasive and native species is crucial to the mitigation of the negative impact of the pathogens introduced. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of factors influencing Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) infection in native mustelids in Poland, following its introduction by feral American mink. AMDV seroprevalence in American mink varied spatially from 0 in the central and southern regions to 0.8 in the northern regions. Antibodies to AMDV were detected in all six studied mustelids, including a novel finding in weasels. AMDV seroprevalence in other mustelids correlated positively with its occurrence in American mink, and reached 0.54 in areas with the highest mink AMDV seroprevalence. Furthermore, in native mustelids, more closely phylogenetically related to mink, AMDV seroprevalence was higher (0.68 in polecats and weasels) compared to more distantly related species (0.37 in badgers). Over the 27-year study period, AMDV seroprevalence in mustelids has increased from 0.04 to 0.60, despite a decline in seroprevalence in feral mink in subsequent years. These findings suggest that the spread of viral infections as a result of the introduction of invasive species could affect mustelid species and may intensify over time.},
}
@article {pmid40302400,
year = {2025},
author = {Sabbioni, E and Agostinelli, C and Farcomeni, A},
title = {A Regularized MANOVA Test for Semicontinuous High-Dimensional Data.},
journal = {Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift},
volume = {67},
number = {3},
pages = {e70054},
pmid = {40302400},
issn = {1521-4036},
support = {2022LANNKC-CUPE53D23005810006//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; P2022N5ZNP//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; I83C22001810007//BaC INF-ACT S4-BEHAVE-MOD PE00000007 PNRR M4C2 Inv. 1.3 - NextGenerationEU/ ; //SmartData@PoliTO/ ; //GNAMPA (INdAM - Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Blastocyst/metabolism ; *Plants ; *Introduced Species ; Likelihood Functions ; Computer Simulation ; Gene Expression ; *MicroRNAs/genetics ; Yemen ; Islands ; *Biostatistics/methods ; },
abstract = {We propose a MANOVA test for semicontinuous data that is applicable also when the dimension exceeds the sample size. The test statistic is obtained as a likelihood ratio, where the numerator and denominator are computed at the maxima of penalized likelihood functions under each hypothesis. Closed form solutions for the regularized estimators allow us to avoid computational overheads. We derive the null distribution using a permutation scheme. The power and level of the resulting test are evaluated in a simulation study. We illustrate the new methodology with two original data analyses, one regarding microRNA expression in human blastocyst cultures, and another regarding alien plant species invasion in the island of Socotra (Yemen).},
}
@article {pmid40301642,
year = {2025},
author = {Cerbule, K and Larsen, RB and Rijkure, A},
title = {Pot losses and associated implications in Barents sea snow crab fishery.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {14961},
pmid = {40301642},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fisheries/economics ; *Brachyura ; Norway ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Oceans and Seas ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) is considered an invasive species in the Barents Sea, with the first observations dating back to 1996. The Norwegian commercial snow crab fishery started in 2012. In this fishery conical baited pots are adopted, similar to fisheries in other areas that target snow crabs. Over the last decade, different management measures have been implemented to ensure sustainability in this relatively new fishery. One central challenge is pot loss during deployment caused by challenging weather and operational conditions. Lost snow crab pots exhibit considerable potential for the continuous capture of crabs, so-called ghost fishing, which has been documented during lost gear retrieval and experimental trials. This study accounted for different snow crab pot loss scenarios and associated economic implications. The results show that given the substantial number of pots on snow crab fishing vessels, even small variations in pot loss rates (pot losses ranging from 0.5 to 3.0%) could result in considerable differences in ghost fishing amounts and the associated environmental and economic effects. The estimated amounts of ghost fishing in this study ranged from 11.5 to nearly 70 tonnes of ghost-fished crabs over a 3-year period, assuming 0.5-3.0% pot loss scenarios, resulting in significant differences in the amount of ghost-fished snow crabs and the value of the ghost fishing catch. These results highlight the importance of incentives and technical measures that can reduce pot losses and the associated ghost fishing time.},
}
@article {pmid40301605,
year = {2025},
author = {Moi, DA and Saito, VS and Quirino, BA and Alves, DC and Agostinho, AA and Schmitz, MH and Bonecker, CC and Barrios, M and Kratina, P and Perkins, DM and Teixeira de Mello, F and Figueiredo, BRS and Mormul, RP and Okada, EK and Romero, GQ},
title = {Human land use and non-native fish species erode ecosystem services by changing community size structure.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {801-809},
pmid = {40301605},
issn = {2397-334X},
support = {NMG\R1\201121//Royal Society/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Brazil ; Fisheries ; Body Size ; Humans ; Rivers ; *Introduced Species ; *Human Activities ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biomass ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Organism body size influences ecosystem services, and human pressures alter the size structure of ecological communities. However, our understanding of how different human-induced pressures (such as land use and biotic invasion) interact to drive community size structure and ecosystem services remains limited. Combining 21 years of fish size spectrum data and fishery potential (fishery monetary value in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil), we demonstrate that the size spectrum exponent of native species has become more negative over time, indicating a relative decrease in the biomass of large versus small individuals. Conversely, the size spectrum exponent of non-native species has become less negative over time owing to the increased abundance of large species. Overall, fishery potential declined by more than 50% over time. Human land use replaced the coverage of natural environments, indirectly reducing native richness. This scenario decreased the exponent of the native size spectrum, indirectly reducing fishery potential. Our study illustrates how intensification of human land use alters the size structure of communities, favouring non-native individuals and suppressing ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid40301434,
year = {2025},
author = {Galkina, MA and Ivanovskii, AA and Vasilyeva, NV and Stogova, AV and Zueva, MA and Mamontov, AK and Bochkov, DA and Prokhorov, AA and Tkacheva, EV},
title = {Invasive plant Lupinus polyphyllus demonstrates high level of molecular genetic variation within and between populations at East European Plain.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {14960},
pmid = {40301434},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Lupinus/genetics/classification ; Phylogeny ; *Genetic Variation ; *Introduced Species ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Europe, Eastern ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Genetic polymorphism of alien species in their secondary ranges is an important evidence of invasive process course. In this paper, we studied a molecular genetic variation of Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. at geographically extensive material from different parts of its secondary distribution range at East European Plain and a contribution of L. polyphyllus to natural vegetation there. Genetic variation was studied on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences ITS1-2, chloroplast intergenic spacer rpl32-trnL sequences, and on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ITS1-2 sequences were non-informative markers of intra-species variability for L. polyphyllus. In the phylogenetic tree on the base of chloroplast rpl32-trnL sequences no geographical trend was revealed among and within the three major clades and subclades but sufficient level of intra-population variability was detected. ISSR sequences of 38 individuals demonstrated statistically significant among-individual variation both within local populations and among local populations. The latter was the only significant factor of sample differentiation in the reduced ordination space at two spatial scales: among the local populations (ANOSIM test, R = 0.33, p < 0.01) as well as among the enlarged locations consisting of the neighboring populations (R = 0.26, p < 0.01). All investigated populations of L. polyphyllus at East European Plain invaded anthropogenically disturbed habitats, with present or former settlement activity. The revealed genetic variability of specimens at the lowest spatial scale may be a cue for a high invasion potential of L. polyphyllus in the studied part of the secondary range at ongoing climatic changes.},
}
@article {pmid40300897,
year = {2025},
author = {Cuthbert, RN and Bodey, TW and Briski, E and Capellini, I and Dick, JTA and Kourantidou, M and Ricciardi, A and Pincheira-Donoso, D},
title = {Harnessing traits to predict economic impacts from biological invasions.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {7},
pages = {639-650},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.03.016},
pmid = {40300897},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Introduced Species/economics ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Phenotype ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Animals ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions stand among the main anthropogenic threats to ecosystems globally while causing multitrillion-dollar impacts. Surprisingly, while trait-based frameworks have been designed to predict invasion success and invader ecological impacts, no such approaches exist to understand and predict economic impacts. We propose the first such framework by bridging the evolutionary biology of traits and the escalation of invasion costs. Previously acquired traits can benefit performance, and their rapid change could exacerbate impacts through adaptive and non-adaptive processes during invasion, such as natural selection, genetic drift, or phenotypic plasticity. Emerging evidence suggests that some organismal traits can determine economic impact magnitudes. We discuss new transdisciplinary avenues that can inform cost forecasting and management responses for current and future biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40298647,
year = {2025},
author = {Oancea, S},
title = {Occurrence, Pharmacological Properties, Toxic Effects, and Possibilities of Using Berries from Selected Invasive Plants.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40298647},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {LBUS-IRG-2024//Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien plants are typically associated with negative impacts on ecosystems and sometimes on health, but studies also describe their ethnomedicinal usage, particularly by indigenous communities. Given the existing limitations regarding a critical study on the berry-producing invasive plants, this study aims to provide scientific evidence and much-needed updated knowledge on the pharmacologically significant fruits of several berry-producing invasive alien plants. A list of 35 species from 16 families is provided, along with their characteristics, historical medicinal uses, updated biological activities, and available toxicity data. The definitions, terminology, and classification criteria used to describe alien species, specifically the invasive types, are also provided. Most of the berries of the described species exhibit remarkable antioxidant properties due to their abundance of highly reactive molecules, mainly polyphenols and carotenoids. Other biological activities, ranging from antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic to anticancer and neuroprotective activities, have been identified. In contrast, quantitative toxicity issues have been poorly studied for berries from invasive plants. Hopefully, this work will serve as a starting point for further exploration of the molecules from berries of these plants in terms of drug discovery to advance various therapies or other applications.},
}
@article {pmid40298072,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, X and Zheng, C and Dong, X and Tang, Z and Wang, Y and Yang, R and Bu, W},
title = {Native genetic structure of black bean bug Brachyplatys subaeneus: Implications for pest management.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {7},
pages = {3631-3641},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8854},
pmid = {40298072},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {32130014//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Heteroptera/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Panama ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics/analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The black bean bug Brachyplatys subaeneus is a crucial legume crop pest native to Asia. It has been introduced to the Americas and rapidly in tropical and subtropical regions, where it poses a serious threat to local legume crops. However, the native population structure and invasive sources of this pest have never been studied, hindering effective monitoring and management. Here, we investigated the genetic structure of native populations based on nuclear SNP data and genetic relationship between the Panama samples and the native samples based on COI and 16S rRNA sequences. In addition, we constructed ecological niche models to predict its potential invasion areas.<br><br>RESULTS: We found that B. subaeneus comprised three geographic lineages (NO, PH and SO) within its native range, with strong genetic differentiation between these lineages. Genetic relationships based on mitochondrial DNA between the native and invasive samples indicated that Panama samples used in this study were derived from NO lineage. Ecological niche modelling shows a wide range of suitable habitats in the northern and central regions of South America, suggesting that B. subaeneus has the potential to expand further south from the northern regions of South America.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study revealed the genetic structure of B. subaeneus in its native range, inferred the possible geographical origin of invasive populations, and indicated the potential invasion areas for the bean bug. Our findings in this study could provide new insights into the monitoring and management efforts of this invasive pest. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40298040,
year = {2025},
author = {Birand, A and Gierus, L and Prowse, TAA and Cassey, P and Thomas, PQ},
title = {Maximising Eradication Potential of Rat Gene Drives Using a Two-Target Homing Rescue Strategy: Spatial Modelling of Empirical Data.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {10},
pages = {e17777},
pmid = {40298040},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {//Centre for Invasive Species Solutions/ ; //New South Wales Government/ ; //Government of South Australia/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Rats/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Drive Technology/methods ; *Homing Behavior ; Fertility/genetics ; },
abstract = {Gene drives are genetic elements with positively biased transmission and may be useful tools to suppress mammalian pests that threaten biodiversity worldwide. While gene drives are progressing in mice, less is known about their potential for invasive rat control. A recent report has provided the first data on germline gene conversion in rats, demonstrating that modest homing rates (up to 67%) can be achieved in females. Here, we apply these empirically derived values to investigate the potential of various gene drive strategies to suppress an island population of 200,000 rats, using our stochastic, spatially explicit, individual-based modelling framework. Standard homing drives embedded in haplosufficient fertility or viability genes failed to eradicate, but achieved permanent population suppression. In contrast, a two-target design with a homing rescue (HR) drive embedded in a haplolethal gene that also targets an independent fertility or viability gene demonstrated considerable suppression potential. Remarkably, an HR drive targeting a haplosufficient female fertility gene showed robust eradication even at the relatively low homing rates previously demonstrated in rats. Interestingly, homing rate had a relatively low influence on eradication probability while cutting efficiency at the haplolethal gene was critical. Further, as long as the latter was similar to the cutting and subsequent knockout of the unlinked female fertility gene, then eradication could be achieved across a range of homing rates. Together, these results suggest that modest homing rates, such as have been demonstrated in rats and other species, can potentially be leveraged for population suppression, offering new opportunities for gene drive development.},
}
@article {pmid40295227,
year = {2025},
author = {Lázaro-Lobo, A and Rendueles Fernández, B and Fernández-Pascual, E and González-García, V and Jiménez-Alfaro, B},
title = {Invasive plants have a delayed and longer flowering phenology than native plants in an ecoregional flora.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {136},
number = {2},
pages = {367-375},
pmid = {40295227},
issn = {1095-8290},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Flowers/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; Spain ; Time Factors ; Seasons ; Climate ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Flowering phenology has been suggested as an important factor to explain invasions of non-native plant species. The success of invasive species might be enhanced by flowering at different times (the vacant niche hypothesis) or flowering for longer periods (the niche breadth hypothesis) than native species. However, comprehensive regional assessments of the flowering phenology of invasive and native floras are lacking in the literature. In this study, we evaluated the flowering phenology of invasive and native plant species pools to test the above-mentioned hypotheses within a biogeographically meaningful region.<br><br>METHODS: We investigated the start, end and length of flowering between the invasive and native floras that occur at the same elevation range in the Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion (north-west Iberian Peninsula), a biogeographical hotspot for invasive plants in south-west Europe. We also accounted for species habitat preferences and climatic and biogeographical origin of the invasive species.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: We found a mismatch in flowering time between the ecoregional invasive and native floras. Invasive species had a delayed and longer flowering phenology in comparison to native species. These differences in flowering time were more pronounced in man-made habitats and in invaders from temperate and tropical regions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the vacant niche hypothesis; the asynchrony in flowering time could allow invaders to exploit a temporally empty niche. Our results are also consistent with the niche breadth hypothesis, suggesting that invasive species exhibit a longer flowering period than natives, which might allow them to have prolonged access to resources. Future studies should explore the phenological patterns of invasive and native species across biogeographically relevant regions to enhance our understanding of large-scale invasion events.},
}
@article {pmid40294447,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, X and Sun, Z and Gao, Y and Zhang, H and Wang, Q and Guo, X and Li, M and Liu, L and Lu, J and Guo, S and Li, S and Guo, W},
title = {Haplotype-specific interactions of Phragmites australis with Spartina alterniflora under salt stress.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {384},
number = {},
pages = {125506},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125506},
pmid = {40294447},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Poaceae/genetics/physiology ; Haplotypes ; Introduced Species ; *Salt Stress ; China ; Salinity ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions present a global environmental challenge, the competitive interactions between native and invasive species constitute a crucial factor in determining the success of invasions. Past research has often treated native species as a monolithic entity when conducting competition experiments with invasive species. In truth, different genotypes may possess substantial differences in functional traits and competitive abilities. Few studies have subdivided widespread native species into distinct subgroups to conduct competitive experiments with invasive species. The invasive Spartina alterniflora and the widespread native Phragmites australis coexist extensively along the coastal regions of China. Through field sample collection and greenhouse common garden experiments, we investigated the salinity tolerance of two common haplotypes of P. australis (haplotype O and haplotype P) in the Yellow River Delta, as well as their relative competitive ability against the invasive S. alterniflora across varying salinity levels. The results showed that under high salinity without competition, the biomass of haplotype O decreased by 46.89 % (haplotype P: 40.0 %), while under low salinity with competition, it decreased by 17.7 % (haplotype P: 25.8 %). The competitive dominance of both haplotypes against S. alterniflora gradually diminished as salinity increased, disappearing under high salinity conditions. Haplotype O exhibited a competitive dominance over S. alterniflora under control and low-salinity stress, whereas haplotype P only showed competitive dominance under control conditions. Our study demonstrates that different genotypes of native species possess varying resistance to invasive species, a consideration that is critical in the practice of using native species for biotic substitution to control invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40290391,
year = {2025},
author = {Lockwood, HL and Huck, M},
title = {A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Methods Used to Evaluate Predation and Diet of Domestic Cats (Felis catus).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e71349},
pmid = {40290391},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species, including multiple domestic species, can devastate local biodiversity. Domestic cats (Felis catus) can cause declines in select prey species around the world, and multiple methods are employed to monitor cat diet and predatory habits. These methods have not yet been compared against one another in a meta-analytical way, and therefore, the aim here was to evaluate the relative proportions of different taxa reported in the cat diet. We compared 88 studies using a beta regression model conducted on four different taxa, where methodology, location and duration of study were included as variables. Mammals were further divided into rodents, insectivores and medium-sized mammals for a subset of European studies, using Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests to compare methods. Proportions of mammals were lowest, and those of herptiles were highest in studies using collar-mounted cameras. However, greater proportions of birds were recorded in return questionnaires, suggesting detectability bias, as bird remains are easier to detect. Mammal figures were lower in Australasian studies, whereas birds were more frequently reported in Australasia than in other mainland locations, likely reflecting a difference in prey availability. In Europe, insectivores were found to be more frequently returned than eaten, supporting the existing hypothesis that this group is largely unpalatable to cats. Care should be taken when extrapolating data gathered by different methods, as each one fundamentally measures a different aspect of diet. Only six (6.8%) studies here used video cameras and, although a useful monitoring technique, video results showed a different pattern in taxonomic proportions to data gathered using consumed or returned prey. More research using cat cameras in locations of varying faunal composition is necessary, improving the general applicability of video data to cat populations globally. Palatability and detectability of prey appear to influence the data reported, and these aspects should be considered when calculating total predation rates.},
}
@article {pmid40289691,
year = {2025},
author = {Giacomini, A and Lakim, MB and Tuh, FYY and Hitchings, M and Consuegra, S and Webster, TU and Wells, K},
title = {Host-Microbiome Associations of Native and Invasive Small Mammals Across a Tropical Urban-Rural Ecotone.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {11},
pages = {e17782},
pmid = {40289691},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {IF\R1\231030//Royal Society Industry Fellowship/ ; //Swansea University FSE postgraduate research scholarship/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Rats/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Borneo ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Shrews/microbiology ; *Host Microbial Interactions/genetics ; *Mammals/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Global change and urbanisation profoundly alter wildlife habitats, driving native animals into novel habitats while increasing the co-occurrence between native and invasive species. Host-microbiome associations are shaped by host traits and environmental features, but little is known about their plasticity in co-occurring native and invasive species across urban-rural gradients. Here, we explored gut microbiomes of four sympatric small mammal species along an urban-rural ecotone in Borneo, one of the planet's oldest rainforest regions experiencing recent urban expansion. Host species identity was the strongest determinant of microbiome composition, while land use and spatial proximity shaped microbiome similarity within and among the three rat species. The urban-dwelling rat Rattus rattus had a microbiome composition more similar to that of the native, urban-adapted rat Sundamys muelleri (R. rattus' strongest environmental niche overlap), than to the closely related urban-dwelling R. norvegicus. The urban-dwelling shrew Suncus murinus presented the most distinct microbiome. The microbiome of R. norvegicus was the most sensitive to land use intensity, exhibiting significant alterations in composition and bacterial abundance across the ecotone. Our findings suggest that environmental niche overlap among native and invasive species promotes similar gut microbiomes. Even for omnivorous urban-dwellers with a worldwide distribution like R. norvegicus, gut microbiomes may change across fine-scale environmental gradients. Future research needs to confirm whether land use intensity can be a strong selective force on mammalian gut microbiomes, influencing the way in which native and invasive species are able to exploit novel environments.},
}
@article {pmid40289122,
year = {2025},
author = {Ye, X and Shalev, O and Ratzke, C},
title = {Biotic resistance predictably shifts microbial invasion regimes.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {3952},
pmid = {40289122},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {468972576//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 516931136//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 948753//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; },
mesh = {Models, Biological ; *Microbial Interactions/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Invading new territory is a central aspect of the microbial lifestyle. However, invading microbes rarely find novel territories uninhabited; resident microbes can interact with the newcomers and, in many cases, impede their invasion - an effect known as 'biotic resistance'. Accordingly, invasions are shaped by the interplay between dispersal and resistance. However, these two factors are difficult to disentangle or manipulate in natural systems, making their interplay challenging to understand. To address this challenge, we track microbial invasions in the lab over space and time - first in a model system of two interacting microbes, then in a multi-strain system involving a pathogen invading resident communities. In the presence of biotic resistance, we observe three qualitatively different invasion regimes: 'consistent', 'pulsed', and 'pinned', where, in the third regime, strong biotic resistance stalls the invasion entirely despite ongoing invader dispersal. These rich invasion dynamics could be qualitatively predicted with a simple, parameter-free framework that ignores individual species interactions, even for rather complex communities. Moreover, we show that this simple framework could accurately predict simulated invasions from different mechanistic models, indicating its broad applicability. Our work offers an understanding of how biotic resistance impacts invasions and introduces a predictive tool to identify invasion-resistant communities.},
}
@article {pmid40288285,
year = {2025},
author = {Varrella, S and Livi, S and Corinaldesi, C and Castriota, L and Maggio, T and Vivona, P and Pindo, M and Fava, S and Danovaro, R and Dell'Anno, A},
title = {A comprehensive assessment of non-indigenous species requires the combination of multi-marker eDNA metabarcoding with classical taxonomic identification.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {199},
number = {},
pages = {109489},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2025.109489},
pmid = {40288285},
issn = {1873-6750},
mesh = {*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; Mediterranean Sea ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Introduced Species ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Seawater ; },
abstract = {In marine environment, non-indigenous species (NIS) can alter natural habitats and cause biodiversity loss with important consequences for ecosystems and socio-economic activities. With more than 1000 NIS introduced over the last century, the Mediterranean Sea is one of the most threatened regions worldwide, requiring an early identification of newly entered alien species for a proper environmental management. Here, we carried out environmental-DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding analyses, using multiple molecular markers (i.e., 18S rRNA, COI, and rbcL) and different genetic databases (i.e., NCBI, PR2, SILVA, MIDORI2, MGZDB, and BOLD), on seawater and sediment samples collected on a seasonal basis in three Mediterranean ports located in the North Adriatic, Ionian and Tyrrhenian Sea to identify marine species, and particularly NIS. The use of the multi-marker eDNA metabarcoding allowed the identification of a higher number of species compared to the morphological analyses (1484 vs. 752 species), with a minor portion of species shared by both approaches. Overall, only 4 NIS were consistently identified by both morphological and molecular approaches, whereas 27 and 17 NIS were exclusively detected by using eDNA metabarcoding and classical taxonomic analyses, respectively. The eDNA metabarcoding allowed also identifying the genetic signatures of 5 NIS never reported in the Italian waters. We conclude that eDNA metabarcoding can represent a highly sensitive tool for the early identification of NIS, but a comprehensive census of the NIS requires the combination of molecular and morphological approaches.},
}
@article {pmid40287948,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Y and Yang, L and Guo, Y and Zhou, W and Ren, S and Chen, Y and Chen, XG and Liu, P and Gu, J},
title = {Characterization, functional exploration, and evolutionary analysis of mirtronic microRNAs reveal their origin in the invasive vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70045},
pmid = {40287948},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {2022A1515010721//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; 81871688//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The mirtron pathway represents a distinct category of noncanonical microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis mechanisms. Current studies suggest that the mirtron pathway may be widely prevalent across various taxa, including animals and plants, but investigation of this pathway has focused mainly on mammals, particularly humans, and the biological functions and emerging roles of several mirtrons in human diseases have been elucidated. In the context of insects, mirtrons have only been comprehensively characterized and preliminarily functionally analyzed in Drosophila. The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a highly invasive species and an important vector of arbovirus transmission to humans. Although canonical miRNA function has been studied in depth in mosquitoes, the role of mirtrons in this species remains to be revealed. In this study, we identified and validated 2 novel conventional mirtrons in Ae. albopictus that are precursors of miR-11900 and miR-11893. Mirtronic miRNA biogenesis depends on the splicing of introns and cleavage by Dicer but does not necessarily correlate with intron location in host genes. The molecular evolution of mirtrons was analyzed using methods based on host genes and their exon‒intron architecture; the results indicate that mirtronic miRNAs are relatively young and that they may have appeared in Culicinae after the Anophelinae and Culicinae diverged. According to small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and RNA-seq data on post-mirtronic miRNA overexpression, mosquito mirtronic miRNAs are present in low abundance, and the absence of typical target genes in Ae. albopictus suggests they are not involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Overall, our results indicate that the emergence of 2 mirtrons in Ae. albopictus is likely due to the formation of Dicer-recognized secondary structures during the evolution of the intron sequence; these structures are similar to byproducts processed by Dicer, and their abundance is controlled by an alternative adventitious mirtron emergence-dependent mechanism. Our study identifies for the 1st time mirtrons in insect species distinct from Drosophila melanogaster, provides new insights into mirtron evolution, and provides a reference for the functional analysis of mirtrons.},
}
@article {pmid40284689,
year = {2025},
author = {Wen, TY and Xie, XL and Kong, WL and Wu, XQ},
title = {Expression and Antagonistic Activity Against Plant Pathogens of the Phage Tail-like Protein from Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40284689},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Microorganisms exert antagonistic effects on pathogens through different mechanisms, thereby achieving biological control of plant diseases. Many Burkholderia strains can produce complex secondary metabolites and substances that have toxic effects on host cells. The phage tail-like bacteriocins (tailocins) is a compound with antibacterial activity. However, its function in B. multivorans has not yet been reported. This article explores the ability of B. multivorans WS-FJ9 to antagonise plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, screening the potential tailocins in the strain WS-FJ9 and verifying their function, to reveal its novel antimicrobial mechanisms. We found that WS-FJ9 had strong antagonistic effects on the plant pathogenic fungi Phomopsis macrospore and Sphaeropsis sapinea, and the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi. The phage tail-like protein Bm_67459 was predicted from the WS-FJ9 strain genome. The Bm_67459 cDNA encoded 111 amino acid sequence, and the relative molecular weight was approximately 11.69 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.49, and it was a hydrophilic protein. Bm_67459 had no transmembrane helix region or signal peptide, and it belonged to the Phage_TAC_7 super family. qRT-PCR results showed that Bm_67459 gene expression was significantly upregulated during contact between WS-FJ9 and P. cinnamomi. The purified Bm_67459 protein significantly inhibited P. cinnamomi mycelial growth at 10 μg·mL[-1]. In summary, the WS-FJ9 strain had broad-spectrum anti-phytopathogenic activity, and the tailocin Bm_67459 was an important effector against the plant pathogen P. cinnamomi, which helps to reveal the antagonistic mechanism of this strain at the molecular level and provides excellent strain resources for the biological control of plant diseases.},
}
@article {pmid40284113,
year = {2025},
author = {Boi, ME and Sarigu, M and Fois, M and Casti, M and Bacchetta, G},
title = {The First Inventory of Sardinian Mining Vascular Flora.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40284113},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Grant Assignment Decree No. 1056 adopted on 23 June 2022, by the Italian Ministry of Ministry of University and Research (MUR).//National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.5-Call for tender No. 3277 published on 30 December 2021, by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU. Project Code/ ; },
abstract = {Mining activities and associated waste materials pose significant environmental challenges, including soil, water, and air contamination, along with health risks to nearby populations. Despite the harsh conditions of metal-enriched soils and nutrient-poor substrates, certain plants known as metallophytes thrive in these environments. This study examined the vascular flora of Sardinia's abandoned mining sites, with a focus on identifying metallophytes and their potential role in phytoremediation. A comprehensive floristic checklist was compiled using literature, field surveys, and herbarium samples. Of the 652 taxa identified, 49% were metallophytes, with the majority categorized as facultative species. Notably, 27% of metallophytes were identified as suitable for phytostabilization, while 20% showed potential for phytoextraction. This study also highlighted the presence of endemic and endangered species, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts. The findings suggest that native metallophytes could play a key role in the ecological restoration of mining sites, though careful consideration of invasive species is necessary to avoid ecological disruption. This research provides valuable insights into the biodiversity of Sardinian mining sites and the potential for sustainable remediation strategies using native plants.},
}
@article {pmid40283063,
year = {2025},
author = {Durán-Rodríguez, OY and García-Ávila, DA and Valencia-Espinosa, JA and Arroyo-Reséndiz, E and Torres-Olvera, MJ and Ramírez-Herrejón, JP},
title = {Environmental Factors Influencing the Establishment of the Invasive Australian Redclaw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) in a Biosphere Reserve on the Central Mexican Plateau.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40283063},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {FNB-2023-01//Universidad Aut&#xf3;noma de Quer&#xe9;taro "Fondo para el desarrollo del conocimiento (FONDEC-UAQ-2022)"/ ; },
abstract = {Crustaceans are among the most successful taxonomic groups in invasions worldwide. Humans can facilitate these invasions through introductions and disturbances in habitats. The Australian redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is an invasive species with significant global ecosystem impacts. This species inhabits the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, in the Central Mexican Plateau. We hypothesize that environmental degradation facilitates the establishment and expansion of invasive crayfish. Seven sites along the Santa María River, within the reserve buffer zone, were assessed for seven months in 2023. We analyzed the abundance and density of the Australian redclaw crayfish in correlation with the environmental quality of the habitat. The results confirm that the establishment and spread of crayfish populations are related to water quality degradation and habitat alteration. The associated variables include increased total dissolved solids, greater substrate embedment, and degraded conditions on stream banks. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between the abundance of Australian redclaw crayfish and macroinvertebrate richness reinforces the hypothesis that more diverse native communities reduce the success of invaders. This study highlights the urgent need to implement management strategies focused on habitat restoration and the control of reproductive populations through the extirpation of mature individuals as critical measures for controlling the establishment and expansion of the invasive Australian redclaw crayfish.},
}
@article {pmid40282286,
year = {2025},
author = {D'Onofrio, R and Vitelletti, ML and Riminucci, F and Rossi, V and Capotondi, L},
title = {Virgulinella fragilis in the North Adriatic Coastal Sediments: A New Non-Indigenous Benthic Foraminiferal Taxon?.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40282286},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {B53C22002150006//EU - Next Generation EU Mission 4 "Education and Research" - Component 2: "From research to business" - Investment 3.1: "Fund for the realization of an integrated system of research and in-novation infrastructures" - Project IR0000032 - ITINERIS - Italian/ ; },
abstract = {The Mediterranean Sea is considered a hotspot for bioinvaders. Nonetheless, information on non-indigenous benthic foraminifera is still fragmented. This study documents for the first time the presence along the northwestern Adriatic coast of the non-indigenous benthic foraminifera species Virgulinella fragilis, Grindell and Collen (1976). Due to the low abundance recorded in the study area, the presence of this species may represent an early colonization phase. We discuss the temporal and spatial patterns of V. fragilis arrival in the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas, and we hypothesize stowaway transport (via ship fouling or ballast water) as the main introduction pathway. Morphological test analyses suggest that V. fragilis prefers a low oxygen content, consistent with the ecological requirements reported for this taxon in the literature. The application of Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling indicates that the key factor influencing the presence of V. fragilis in the Mediterranean basin is the bacterial concentration expressed as NO3. Projections under future climate scenarios (RCP 4.5) point to a decline of habitat suitability conditions, making widespread invasion unlikely in the Mediterranean. We emphasize the importance of continuous biomonitoring for early detection of alien species, improving our understanding of invasion dynamics and enabling prompt conservation actions, especially in regions impacted by anthropogenic activities.},
}
@article {pmid40281925,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, K and Gong, J and Hu, F and Guo, Z and Lu, Z and Luo, M and Zhu, T},
title = {Length-Weight Relationship, Age, and Growth of Invasive Carassius auratus in Lugu Lake, China.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40281925},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Carassius auratus, a key invasive species in the high-altitude Lugu Lake (2690 m) in China, was studied to assess its length-weight relationship, age structure, and growth patterns using scale-based age determination. A total of 670 specimens were collected via systematic gillnet surveys conducted in May and October 2023. The population comprised five age groups (0+ to 4+), with 0+ and 1+ individuals dominating (69.40%). Body lengths ranged from 36 to 178 mm (mean: 93.73 mm), peaking at 60-70 mm (33.88%). Body weights varied from 1.3 to 175 g (mean: 33.60 g), with 1.3-10 g as the dominant range (26.27%). The length-weight relationship was modeled as W = 2 × 10[-5]L[3.026] (n = 670, R[2] = 0.985), indicating isometric growth. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters indicated an asymptotic length (L∞) of 401.57 mm, an asymptotic weight (W∞) of 484.38 g, a growth coefficient (k) of 0.0721, and a theoretical age at zero length (t0) of -1.6174 years, with an inflection point at 6.66 years. The simplified age structure and dominance of young cohorts suggest rapid population expansion, highlighting the urgent need for management strategies to mitigate ecological impacts on this fragile plateau ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid40280812,
year = {2025},
author = {Carneiro, L and Leroy, B and Capinha, C and Bradshaw, CJA and Bertolino, S and Catford, JA and Camacho-Cervantes, M and Bojko, J and Klippel, G and Kumschick, S and Pincheira-Donoso, D and Tonkin, JD and Fath, BD and South, J and Manfrini, E and Dallas, T and Courchamp, F},
title = {Typology of the ecological impacts of biological invasions.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {6},
pages = {563-574},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.03.010},
pmid = {40280812},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions alter ecosystems by disrupting ecological processes that can degrade biodiversity, harm human health, and cause massive economic burdens. Existing frameworks to classify the ecological impacts either miss many types of impact or conflate mechanisms (causes) with the impacts themselves (consequences). We propose a comprehensive typology of 19 types of ecological impact across six levels of ecological organisation. This allows more accurate diagnosis of the cause of impact and can help triage management options to tackle each impact-mechanism combination. We integrated the typology with broad ecological concepts such as energy, mass, and information flow and storage. By highlighting cascading effects across multiple levels, this typology provides a clearer framework for documenting, and communicating invasion impacts, thereby improving management and research.},
}
@article {pmid40280272,
year = {2025},
author = {Bačnik, K and Kranjc, L and Botella, L and Maguire, I and Pavić, D and Patoka, J and Dragičević, P and Bláha, M and Bielen, A and Kouba, A and Kutnjak, D and Hudina, S},
title = {Crayfish pet trade as a pathway for the introduction of known and novel viruses.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {211},
number = {},
pages = {108345},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108345},
pmid = {40280272},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Astacoidea/virology ; *Introduced Species ; *Pets/virology ; *Virome ; },
abstract = {Expanding international pet trade has emerged as one of the main introduction pathways of aquatic invasive species, with ornamental crayfish species commonly available on the EU and global markets. Besides most frequently studied crayfish pathogens, such as Aphanomyces astaci and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), ornamental crayfish carry associated microbial communities, which may potentially lead to the emergence of known or even novel diseases following intentional or unintentional release of animals into the wild. This is especially problematic in the case of viruses, which represent an important, yet considerably understudied, group of crayfish pathogens. Here we analyzed viromes of hepatopancreas tissue of four crayfish species acquired in the international pet trade in Europe (Procambarus clarkii, Procambarus alleni, Cherax holthuisi, and Cherax quadricarinatus) using a high throughput sequencing based metagenomic approach. Seven different known viruses were identified, which were previously either directly associated with crayfish (WSSV, Cherax quadricarinatus reovirus, chequa iflavirus, athtab bunya-like virus) or with hosts from subphylum Crustacea or invertebrates associated with freshwater environment (Shahe ispoda virus 5, Dicistroviridae sp.). Additional sequences represented 8 potential novel and divergent RNA viruses, most similar to sequences belonging to members of Picornavirales, Elliovirales, Reovirales, Hepelivirales, Tolivirales and Ghabrivirales orders. We discuss our findings in relation to their phylogenetic relationships, geographical origins, and putative pathogenicity implications. The results highlight the need for further research into the risks related to disease emergence associated with the pet trade.},
}
@article {pmid40279318,
year = {2025},
author = {Alvarez Del Castillo, K and Sethi, SA and Won, E and Maniscalco, J and Pendleton, R and Ryan, E and Rudstam, LG},
title = {Salinity tolerance of Round Goby: Informing invasion potential in North American coastal watersheds.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {e0316327},
pmid = {40279318},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Salt Tolerance/physiology ; *Salinity ; Temperature ; *Perciformes/physiology ; Estuaries ; Ecosystem ; North America ; Rivers ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {Since being introduced into the Laurentian Great Lakes in the 1990s, round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has spread rapidly, reaching the Hudson River Estuary, NY in 2021. To address the expansion potential into saline environments from this North American coastal invasion front, we experimentally assessed the salinity tolerance of adult round gobies. Water temperatures vary widely in temperate aquatic ecosystems, and our study is the first to investigate the effect of temperature on the salinity tolerance of round goby, conducting tolerance trials at three temperatures: a preferred temperature of 20°C, 26°C reflective of summer conditions, and 5°C reflective of winter conditions. Adult round gobies were subjected to weekly salinity increases of 3 parts per thousand (ppt), concluding at 33ppt. Study specimens were monitored for stress cues (behavior changes and color changes), and mortality. We found significant salinity tolerance differences dependent on water temperature, with the highest tolerance at 5°C and the lowest tolerance at 26°C. By 30ppt, survival was 87% at 5°C and only 7% at 26°C. Based on mortality results, round goby expansion may occur year-round into brackish portions (<21ppt) of the Hudson River Estuary as far south as the Harlem River. This would open access to portions of Long Island Sound, potentially rendering other coastal watersheds to be at risk of invasion. However, temperature-dependent salinity tolerance findings suggest round goby expansion potential into high salinity habitats may be seasonally dependent, with expansion opportunities occurring in colder months and expansion barriers occurring in warmer months. To assess longer term survival and body condition, another experiment maintained round gobies at four sustained salinities (≤ 21ppt) for ten weeks at 20°C. Growth and hepatosomatic index at 21ppt were significantly lower (p<0.001) than at 1, 9, and 15ppt, indicating sustained exposure to higher salinities may affect energy stores, potentially limiting establishment potential.},
}
@article {pmid40278696,
year = {2025},
author = {Marston, LA and Fox, GA and Hung, KY and Delo, SJ and Hayes, WK},
title = {A Sting Operation: Risk Assessment and Venom Expenditure by Arizona Bark Scorpions (Centruroides sculpturatus) in a Defensive Context.},
journal = {Toxins},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40278696},
issn = {2072-6651},
mesh = {Animals ; *Scorpions/physiology ; *Scorpion Venoms/toxicity/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Risk Assessment ; *Scorpion Stings ; Behavior, Animal ; Animals, Poisonous ; },
abstract = {Scorpion antipredator behavior incorporates risk assessment that informs decision-making and venom usage. We quantified antipredator behaviors of the clinically significant Arizona bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus) in their natural environment using exposure to two stimuli: a freshly thawed laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) and a membrane-covered glass beaker. We videotaped and compared envenomation behaviors between sexes (females, gravid females, and males), across sizes, and between animal orientations (on vertical or horizontal substrates). Results failed to show consistent support for any of our four hypotheses. Females (especially gravid females) were no more likely than males to exhibit higher levels of stinging and venom expenditure. Scorpions on horizontal surfaces compared to those on vertical surfaces, and larger scorpions compared to smaller ones, were likewise no more likely to exhibit higher levels of responsiveness. Mice were more likely to be stung than the membrane-covered beaker, but with fewer and briefer stings, suggesting the scorpions did not attempt to deliver more venom into the mice. Thus, we discerned no clear patterns in risk assessment, stinging, and venom use associated with sex, substrate orientation, body size, or threat stimuli. These findings contrasted with those of several prior laboratory studies. Variation from unaccounted environmental variables may have obfuscated divergent behavioral tactics. Nevertheless, the behaviors we document here provide insights on the range of defensive behaviors exhibited by C. sculpturatus under natural environmental conditions, including the frequency of dry stings (11.8%) to the membrane-covered beakers.},
}
@article {pmid40278382,
year = {2025},
author = {Simões, LAR and Normann, RS and Drosdowski, D and Selau, B and de Amaral, M and da Rosa Araujo, AS and Vinagre, AS},
title = {Impact of Tributyltin (TBT) on Energy Metabolism and Redox Homeostasis in Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus.},
journal = {Metabolites},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40278382},
issn = {2218-1989},
support = {142175/2020-0//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 302751/2021//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 151593/2024-8//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 23/2551-0001195-6//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/ ; BIC to B.S.//Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Tributyltin (TBT), a potent biocide used in antifouling paints, is highly toxic to aquatic environments, causing oxidative stress, endocrine dysfunction, and metabolic disorders in aquatic organisms, including crustaceans. The blue crab Callinectes sapidus is an economically and ecologically important species in several countries worldwide and is considered an invasive species in Europe. Methods: This study evaluated the effects of 7 days of exposure to environmentally relevant TBT concentrations (100 and 1000 ng.L[-1]) on the intermediary metabolism and oxidative balance of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. After exposure, hemolymph samples were analyzed to determine glucose, lactate, total protein, and cholesterol levels. In tissue samples, concentrations of triglycerides, glycogen, total glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), sulfhydryls, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were assessed. Results: In the hemolymph, glucose and lactate levels increased, while the total cholesterol, triglycerides, and total proteins decreased in all exposed groups. The GST activity increased in exposed tissues, while the total GSH and sulfhydryl content decreased. The ROS concentration increased in response to higher TBT concentrations. Conclusions: These findings highlight the toxicity of TBT and show that 7 days of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations disrupts the metabolic homeostasis and oxidative balance in C. sapidus. Additionally, this study demonstrates that C. sapidus is sensitive to TBT exposure and has potential as a model species for ecotoxicological studies.},
}
@article {pmid40278262,
year = {2025},
author = {Paulo, C and Matos, J and Afonso, C and Cardoso, C},
title = {Overcoming Extraction Hurdles and Assessing Biological Activity in a Major Invasive Seaweed Species in Europe, Rugulopteryx okamurae.},
journal = {Marine drugs},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40278262},
issn = {1660-3397},
support = {16-02-01-FMP-0047//European Union InterReg/ ; },
mesh = {*Seaweed/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; Europe ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; Antioxidants/pharmacology/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; *Phaeophyceae/chemistry ; Biomass ; Ethanol/chemistry ; Solvents/chemistry ; Polyphenols/pharmacology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The brown seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae is a major invasive species in Europe, menacing local ecosystems. The challenge lies in assessing application routes for this biomass, testing different extraction technologies (overnight agitation, mechanical homogenization, pH-shift, ionic liquid-, and ultrasound-assisted extractions) and parameters. There was a higher yield in the extracts homogenized with 70% ethanol, especially with 1:20, w/v, biomass-solvent ratio, than in aqueous extracts. As to overnight agitation, 70% ethanol produced results (24.5-28.3%) similar to those found in the homogenized extracts. However, in the former, the best biomass-solvent proportion was 1:10, w/v. Mineral matter yield presented specific patterns, reaching 59.6 ± 1.1% (70% ethanol) and 82.3 ± 0.1% (water). The highest total polyphenol level was attained in the 70% ethanol, 1:20, w/v, extract, 310.7 ± 22.1 mg GAE/100 g dw seaweed. This extract had a higher FRAP/ABTS. The extract attained with overnight agitation, 70% ethanol, 1:10, w/v, had 48% COX-2 inhibition as anti-inflammatory activity. Besides showing the potential of R. okamurae for pharmacological purposes, especially in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory area, this study enabled us to rank technologies and conditions for the utilization of this abundant biomass resource by the industry.},
}
@article {pmid40278046,
year = {2025},
author = {H M, Y and Viswanathan, A and Hariharakrishnan, S and Brown, SDJ and Karuppannasamy, A and Hiremath, SR},
title = {Observations on iNaturalist reveal the establishment of non-native Eucalyptus weevil Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Tamil Nadu, India.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40278046},
issn = {1536-2442},
mesh = {Animals ; *Weevils/genetics/growth &amp; development/physiology ; India ; *Introduced Species ; Eucalyptus/growth &amp; development ; Larva/growth &amp; development/genetics/physiology ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {We report the establishment of the invasive eucalyptus weevil Gonipterus platensis in the high elevation Nilgiri Plateau in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Its presence was first brought to light by observations uploaded on iNaturalist, a citizen science platform, from Eucalyptus globulus plantations. Specimens collected from the plantations were examined morphologically and dissected to reveal the diagnostic characters of G. platensis. DNA sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase gene (COI) amplified from Indian specimens were 0.3% different from G. platensis sequences from Tasmanian populations and over 4% different from any other Gonipterus species for which DNA data are available. Sequence data from 6 invasive populations of G. platensis indicates multiple, independent invasions from a Tasmanian source population to different parts of the world. The collection of specimens, including larvae, over multiple years indicates that the population in the Nilgiris is persistent, with the earliest evidence for its presence in the region being March 2019. We recommend further monitoring and assessment of population growth and spread of Gonipterus platensis to minimize the economic impact of this potentially important pest of Eucalyptus in India. Citizen science played a critical role in this discovery, and we recommend that subject experts engage with nature enthusiasts on platforms like iNaturalist so that the wide reach of public participation is harnessed to effectively monitor biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid40278045,
year = {2025},
author = {Siderhurst, MS and Fairbanks, KEO and Ladizinsky, N and Snyder, J and Hurst, AL},
title = {Tracking 3 wasp species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) with harmonic radar: toward an accessible, inexpensive colony location tool.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40278045},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {2040-22430-027-000-D//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Radar ; Pilot Projects ; *Animal Identification Systems/instrumentation/methods ; },
abstract = {Tracking tagged individuals is an emerging tool to locate invasive wasp nesting sites. Both tag size and transmitter/transceiver cost can limit the applicability of these technologies for eradication measures. This pilot study used a combination of lightweight, inexpensive harmonic radar tags fabricated with superelastic nitinol wire, and off-the-shelf transceivers designed for backcountry rescue. Larger tags weighing ~10 mg (~14 mg with adhesive) were used to track three vespid wasps, Delta esuriens (F.), Polistes aurifer Saussure, and Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure), while smaller tags ~5 mg (~8 mg with adhesive) were used only with V. pensylvanica. Wasps were successfully tagged in both laboratory and field settings. Tagged P. aurifer were shown to be flight capable in a large outdoor field cage. Subsequently, wasps were tracked in a macadamia nut field (D. esuriens and P. aurifer), a coastal habitat (D. esuriens), and in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park (V. pensylvanica). Flight paths up to 6 steps (maximum 126.7 m) were recorded for D. esuriens (maximum single flight 76.6 m). Vespula pensylvanica were tracked to one nest; several other attempts failed to identify a nest location but did demonstrate the practicality and limitations of following wasps through dense vegetation. Additionally, we demonstrated that V. pensylvanica would carry off tags embedded in small pieces of meat although this technique did not lead to the discovery of any nests. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using an inexpensive method to track wasps, potentially allowing for a rapid and simplified method of locating invasive wasp nests.},
}
@article {pmid40277330,
year = {2025},
author = {Radujković, D and Verbruggen, E and Clavel, J and Pauchard, A and Fuentes-Lillo, E and Barros, A and Aschero, V and Haider, S and Ratier Backes, A and Pergl, J and Vítková, M and Lučanová, A and Nuñez, MA and Lenoir, J and Nijs, I and Lembrechts, JJ},
title = {Road Disturbance Shifts Root Fungal Symbiont Types and Reduces the Connectivity of Plant-Fungal Co-Occurrence Networks in Mountains.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {20},
pages = {e17771},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17771},
pmid = {40277330},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {RVO 67985939//Akademie V&#x11b;d &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; 19-28807X//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; 1180205//Fondecyt/ ; 1231616//Fondecyt/ ; DFG - FZT 118//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 202548816//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; ANR-20-EBI5-0004//Biodiversa+/ ; TACR SS70010001//Biodiversa+/ ; 12P1819N//Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; G018919N//Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; W001919N//Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; FKZ: I 154//Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt/ ; //German Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Mycorrhizae/genetics ; *Fungi/genetics/classification ; Soil Microbiology ; Ecosystem ; *Plants/microbiology ; Mycobiome ; },
abstract = {Roads are currently one of the most disruptive anthropogenic disturbances to mountain ecosystems worldwide. These disturbances can have a profound effect on roadside soil properties and vegetation, typically favouring fast-growing and ruderal species. However, their effect on plant-associated fungal communities and plant-fungal interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the changes in root-associated fungal communities as well as plant-fungal and fungal-fungal co-occurrence networks along mountain roads from four biogeographical regions. We found that roadsides consistently altered plant and fungal community composition, generally favouring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and putative plant pathogens at the expense of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, roadsides consistently reduced the complexity of plant-fungal and fungal-fungal co-occurrence networks (with 66%-95% and 40%-94% reduction in total edge density, respectively), even though the richness of fungal communities was not reduced and many of the naturally occurring highly connected taxa were still present. Our findings suggest that altered and transient conditions in the roadsides may favour more generalist symbionts like AMF and pathogens with low fidelity for particular hosts as opposed to surrounding natural vegetation which is dominated by symbionts with higher specificity for the host (like ectomycorrhizal fungi). We conclude that road disturbance may have a consistent negative imprint on connectivity between plants and fungi; a consequence that deserves attention as it could render mountain roadside systems unstable and vulnerable to further pressures such as climate change and invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40276957,
year = {2025},
author = {Mavridis, K and Evangelou, V and Grigoriadou, AM and Papachristos, DP and Vontas, J},
title = {Molecular surveillance of resistance mutations in invasive populations of Spodoptera frugiperda in Europe, for evidence-based pest control.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {8},
pages = {4821-4830},
pmid = {40276957},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {InnoPP-TAEDR-0535675//European Union - National Recovery and Resilience Plan Greece 2.0- NextGenerationEU/ ; 101212676//European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program EUFAWREADY/ ; //Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; *Spodoptera/genetics/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species ; *Mutation ; Greece ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; Insect Control ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; Larva/growth &amp; development/genetics/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW), a highly destructive pest affecting more than 350 plant species, has recently invaded Europe raising urgent management concerns. Insecticide resistance profiling is essential to support evidence-based pest control strategies. In this study, we analyzed target-site insecticide resistance mutations in FAW populations from Greece to inform pest control strategies. In addition, DNA barcoding through cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequencing was used to trace the pest's geographic origin and potential invasion pathways.<br><br>RESULTS: All Spodoptera frugiperda specimens in Greece were identified as the rice strain, exhibiting two almost balanced haplotypes (Haplotype 1: 58.6%; Haplotype 2: 41.4%), suggesting a likely origin from a single, genetically diverse source population. Resistance-associated mutations were identified in the ABCC2 gene (A&#x2009;>&#x2009;G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); up to 80.9%) and the Ace-1 gene (F290V: up to 37.5%; A201S: up to 3.85%), conferring resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and organophosphates/carbamates, respectively. By contrast, no resistance-associated mutations were detected for other key insecticides (diamides, pyrethroids, oxadiazines, spinosyns, and avermectins), suggesting their current efficacy in Greece.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides a critical baseline for monitoring insecticide resistance in invasive FAW populations in Europe, supporting the development of sustainable integrated pest management strategies in line with the European Union Green Deal. Continuous monitoring with molecular diagnostics, alongside complementary bioassays, is recommended to mitigate the impact of FAW on European agriculture. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40276411,
year = {2025},
author = {Nanos, CF and Mainou, S and Nena, E and Trypsianis, G and Konstantinidis, T and Lialiaris, TS},
title = {Contribution to the Cross-Border Public Health of Mosquito Control Programs Applied in Evros Prefecture, Greece (2015-2018).},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {e81126},
pmid = {40276411},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Vector-borne diseases are among the leading causes of death globally. Mosquitoes breeding in open water sources are associated with the transmission of sporadic diseases, and their management differs from species reproducing in urban and peri-urban areas. Invasive species such as Aedes and Culex mosquitoes pose significant public health challenges. The climatic conditions in the examined area (Evros, North Eastern Greece) in the period between 2015 and 2018 had been challenging, with high temperatures and heavy rainfall having led to significant increases in mosquito populations. The combination of the abovementioned climatic conditions, along with regional topography and migration flows at the borders, can contribute to the resurgence of West Nile virus and malaria cases, which have been sporadically reported. Despite the widespread implementation of larviciding (i.e., the process of controlling insect larvae, primarily mosquitoes, using chemical or biological substances aimed at killing the larvae before they reach their adult form), mosquito nuisance levels remained very high in several areas, causing significant problems to the residents. The recent emergence of the Asian Aedes albopictus (known as the "tiger mosquito") in the Evros Regional Unit is particularly concerning as it can transmit severe and possibly fatal diseases. A cornerstone of future integrated control programs will be systematic entomological surveillance and epidemiological research. In addition, creating an information platform for the entire Greek territory that is continuously updated with relevant data is imperative.},
}
@article {pmid40276246,
year = {2025},
author = {Narvaez, ZE and Egizi, AM and Yabsley, MJ and Thompson, AT and Moustafa, M and Alt, E and Bickerton, M and Bjorgo, K and Butler, RA and Cumbie, A and Eastwood, G and Falco, RC and Fonseca, DM and Hang, J and Harper, VL and Lewis, N and Lovy, J and Maestas, LP and Mather, TN and Nakao, R and Occi, JL and Rainey, T and Sal, M and Stoops, CA and Trout-Fryxell, RT and Watson, W and Wagner, NE and Zheng, A and Saelao, P and Price, DC},
title = {Multiple Introductions of the Asian Longhorned Tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) to the United States Revealed Using Mitogenomics.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e71312},
pmid = {40276246},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The Asian longhorned tick (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis, is a three-host hard tick native to East Asia. Its opportunistic feeding habits make it an acute agricultural and medical threat, capable of spreading various zoonotic pathogens. An affinity for livestock and companion animals has allowed parthenogenetic populations of ALT to travel to and establish in overseas locations including the United States. To better understand the population dynamics of this rapidly expanding species, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of specimens collected from native and invasive ranges and performed phylogeographic analyses. As well as illustrating the diversity of Australasian and US ALT haplotypes, these methods have allowed us to estimate the source and frequency of successful introductions to the US. We highlight four potential introductions of parthenogenetic ALT, with likely origin populations identified in the Republic of Korea and Japan. These findings provide insight into potential routes of entry for ALT and other invasive tick species.},
}
@article {pmid40275834,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Du, Y and Tu, W and Wang, Y and Zhang, Q and Xi, Y and Ding, J and Han, L and Zhao, Z and Dai, Y and Wang, Y and Liu, X},
title = {Nonlinear Abundance-Area Relationship Underlying Processes of the American Bullfrog Invasion in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China.},
journal = {Integrative zoology},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {1074-1083},
doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12987},
pmid = {40275834},
issn = {1749-4877},
support = {32301459//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 3227030273//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 32171657//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 32271734//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023IOZ0104//Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; China ; *Rana catesbeiana/physiology ; Population Density ; Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; Islands ; },
abstract = {The small-island effect (SIE) has been used to quantify the increase of established non-native species richness with island area but has not yet been applied to explore the dynamics of non-native species abundance, which is important to develop timely mitigation strategies on established populations. Based on field surveys of established populations of the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus = Rana catesbeiana) across 92 permanent water bodies on 31 islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China, we explored the abundance-area relationship (AAR) of the invasive bullfrogs at the island and habitat (i.e., permanent still waters) scales, respectively. We did not detect the non-linear increase of bullfrog abundance with island area in the Zhoushan Archipelago, but found a piecewise trend of the bullfrog abundance with the area of invaded waters. Overall, bullfrogs were more abundant on larger islands, less isolated islands, and in waters with lower densities of native anurans. Our findings indicate that the invasive bullfrogs may have not reached the threshold of rapid increase of population abundance in the Zhoushan Archipelago and highlight the importance of continued close monitoring to prevent future population outbreaks.},
}
@article {pmid40275786,
year = {2025},
author = {Dearborn, KW and Inward, DJG and Smith, SM and MacQuarrie, CJK},
title = {Fraxinus foliage: does host species during adult maturation feeding alter the fecundity of emerald ash borers, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)?.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {593-602},
pmid = {40275786},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//Defra (UK) Future Proofing Plant Health/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fraxinus/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Coleoptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Female ; Fertility ; Oviposition ; *Herbivory ; Plant Leaves ; Longevity ; *Food Chain ; },
abstract = {Herbivorous insects can have their reproductive potential influenced by the quality and species of host plants they feed upon. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) within its introduced range. As adults, EAB must feed upon foliage to sexually mature. We compared the influence of 4 North American ash species on EAB via foliage feeding to assess impacts on female lifespan and reproductive metrics. We fed 136 female EAB, 34 in each foliage group, either black, green, tropical, or white ash throughout their adult life. We performed daily inspections for adult mortality, oviposition, and egg hatching. We found that the mean female lifespan, fertility rate, and mean egg development time were not affected by the ash species. Potential and realized fecundity each increased with summed female group lifespan (days), but this rate differed among ash species. Consequently, there was a statistically significant interaction effect of the summed female group lifespan and the host foliage. Green ash-fed EAB laid (2.94 ± 0.86 eggs/female days) and hatched (1.67 ± 0.59 eggs/female days) the most eggs, more than double the rates of EAB feeding on black (1.39 ± 0.48 laid and 0.75 ± 0.30 hatched eggs/female days) and white (1.08 ± 0.35 laid and 0.65 ± 0.22 hatched eggs/female days) ash. Adults feeding on green ash resulted in the greatest EAB fecundity suggesting that the presence of green ash may promote population growth and provide a pathway to overwhelm other ash species nearby.},
}
@article {pmid40274988,
year = {2025},
author = {Raboin, M and Roth, BM and Sullivan, A and Allert, AL and Stoeckel, JA and Nathan, LR and Quebedeaux, KB and Sholtis, MD and Smerud, JR and Erickson, RA and Cupp, AR},
title = {Movement patterns of invasive red swamp crayfish vary with sex and environmental factors.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {14312},
pmid = {40274988},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Astacoidea/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Female ; Male ; Ecosystem ; Movement ; Sex Factors ; },
abstract = {Invasive species disproportionately invade freshwater ecosystems, threatening biodiversity. Defining when, where, and why aquatic invasive species move can help inform management strategies, yet the movement ecology of some of the most pervasive invasive species remains unknown. Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii; RSC) are the most widespread invasive crayfish and negatively affect ecosystems worldwide. We employed high-dimensional acoustic telemetry to investigate the movement patterns of 24 individual RSC across three months in an invaded water body. We assessed the effects of various extrinsic factors, such as time of day, temperature, precipitation, and proximity to the water's edge, along with intrinsic factors, such as sex, reproductive form, and size, at different scales, including movement steps, range distribution, and behavioral states. We found that movement patterns across all scales were overwhelmingly driven by sex and reproductive form. Furthermore, RSC showed increased overall activity at night and near the water's edge. By establishing baseline movement patterns and identifying key contributing factors, these findings provide a foundation for the development of adaptive management strategies for controlling invasive RSC populations.},
}
@article {pmid40274173,
year = {2025},
author = {Altamiranda-Saavedra, M and Ávila-Jiménez, J and Rojas, M and Navarro-Mamani, DA},
title = {Global potential distribution and realized niche conservatism during biological invasion of Culicoides imicola from Africa to the Mediterranean basin of Europe.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {265},
number = {},
pages = {107627},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107627},
pmid = {40274173},
issn = {1873-6254},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ceratopogonidae/physiology/growth &amp; development/virology ; Europe ; Africa ; *Ecosystem ; Mediterranean Region ; *Insect Vectors ; Bluetongue/transmission ; *Introduced Species ; Bluetongue virus ; },
abstract = {Many Culicoides species transmit arboviruses that affect animals and humans. Culicoides imicola, a key vector of bluetongue virus (BTV), has expanded its range from Africa to Europe, spreading disease. Biting midges breed in diverse habitats and contribute significantly to the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. In the present study, C. imicola occurrences were obtained and spatially filtered, resulting in 703 occurrences divided into the training and validation datasets (a 70-30 % split). Four bioclimatic variable sets were created based on their contributions to environmental niche modeling. Ecological niche models were built using combinations of variables and feature classes, and evaluated based on the Akaike information criterion, the omission rate, and partial receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using the Kuenm package in R version 4.2.3. Niche comparison between the native (Africa) and invaded (Europe) regions was performed using NicheA 3.0 and niche dynamics, including unfilling, expansion, and stability, with ecoregions delineating native and invaded areas determined using the Ecospat package in R version 4.2.3. The results indicated that C. imicola had a wide transcontinental distribution; the model predicted suitable habitats mainly in subtropical and temperate zones. The niche overlap analysis showed that the Jaccard index and Schoener's D predicted low niche overlap between the native and invaded areas, with limited expansion and 93.6 % niche stability. The niches of C. imicola's native and invaded areas were more similar than would be expected by chance, but they were not equivalent. In conclusion, there was high niche stability for C. imicola between Africa and Mediterranean Europe, with temperature strongly influencing its distribution.},
}
@article {pmid40273308,
year = {2025},
author = {Pascual-Díaz, JP and Besolí, N and López-Pujol, J and Nualart, N and Pérez-Lorenzo, I and Shtein, R and Valenzuela, L and Garcia, S and Vitales, D},
title = {The winner takes it all: a single genotype of Kalanchoe × houghtonii is a global invader.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {136},
number = {1},
pages = {179-198},
pmid = {40273308},
issn = {1095-8290},
support = {2021SGR00315//Catalan Government/ ; PID2020-119163GB-I00//Spanish Research Agency/ ; PRE2021-097873//Spanish Research Agency/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Kalanchoe/genetics/physiology ; Genotype ; *Genome, Plant/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Invasive alien plant species pose a global challenge, and their impact is amplified by globalization and the accelerating pace of climate change. In regions with mild climates, drought-tolerant invasive plants showing broad environmental tolerance have a competitive advantage. One example is Kalanchoe × houghtonii (Crassulaceae), popularly known as 'mother of millions'. It is a hybrid resulting from the interploid cross between Kalanchoe daigremontiana and Kalanchoe delagoensis, both native to Madagascar. Kalanchoe × houghtonii, propagated as an ornamental plant, has emerged as a global invader in less than a century. Four morphotypes of this hybrid have been identified, with different ploidy levels and varying invasive capacities. Here, we aim to investigate the genomic variability behind the success of invasion of Kalanchoe × houghtonii.<br><br>METHODS: We sampled 57 accessions of Kalanchoe&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;houghtonii, K. daigremontiana, K. delagoensis and closely related taxa, including old herbarium materials, from all over the world. We analysed the genome size and chromosome numbers, sequenced the whole genome, analysed the complete plastome sequence of each accession and studied the diversity of the ribosomal RNA genes. We also performed a detailed phylogenomic study using nuclear BUSCO genes.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Our study reveals genetic and cytogenetic variability between morphotypes and shows that a single tetraploid genotype (morphotype A) dominates all populations, emerging as the first reported clonal hybrid capable of colonizing mild-climate regions worldwide. Morphotype A shows a striking genetic uniformity, high phenotypic plasticity and extremely high rates of vegetative reproduction, representing an example of a 'general-purpose genotype'.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The astonishing reproductive capacity, broad adaptability and speed at which K.&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;houghtonii is colonizing new regions by clonal spread highlight the importance of understanding hybridization and polyploidy in the invasion of ecosystems. Our findings underscore the need to recognize and monitor the potential invasive risks of new hybrids developed through ornamental plant breeding.},
}
@article {pmid40270875,
year = {2025},
author = {Feder, ME and Wagner, CM},
title = {Building a natural repellent: effects of varying alarm cue exposure on swim activity and spatial avoidance in an invasive fish.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {coaf028},
pmid = {40270875},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {Techniques for using natural anti-predator cues to guide the movements of animals and reduce human-wildlife conflict are highly desired. With continuous use, sensory adaptation, habituation and adaptive behavioural changes often reduce the efficacy of sensory deterrents. Theory suggests responses can be maintained with application practices that modulate the stimulus in time (on/off) or by continuously varying stimulus intensity. In aquatic environments, damage-released alarm cues from injured conspecifics are a reliable source of information regarding predation risk that can be used to guide the movements of invasive fishes. We used sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, drawn from an invasive population, to investigate whether modulating alarm cue exposure (on/off) or varying cue concentration during continuous exposure (low/high) would forestall predicted declinations in swim activity and spatial avoidance. We found that continuous exposure to alarm cue at a fixed concentration resulted in the predicted decline in swim activity. Modulating odour exposure timing (on/off) partially prevented response declination in swim activity, whereas varying odour concentration (low/high) fully prevented the reduction. We did not observe the previously reported habituation of the spatial avoidance response, likely due to the use of a small high-throughput assay system. Our results suggest modulating alarm cue exposure by varying odour concentration to prevent response declination holds promise as a management practice. Moreover, test systems for developing management practices should be carefully matched to the scale of the behavioural response being investigated.},
}
@article {pmid40270818,
year = {2025},
author = {Cambronero-Heinrichs, JC and Biedermann, PHW and Besana, L and Battisti, A and Rassati, D},
title = {Bacterial communities associated with ambrosia beetles: current knowledge and existing gaps.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1569105},
pmid = {40270818},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) are wood-boring insects studied as examples of fungus-insect symbiosis and for their success as invasive species. While most research on their microbiota has focused on fungal associates, their bacterial communities remain largely understudied. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on the bacterial microbiota of ambrosia beetles, identify critical gaps in the field, and provide recommendations for future research. To date, eight metabarcoding studies have explored bacterial communities in ambrosia beetles, analyzing a total of 13 species, mostly within the tribe Xyleborini (Scolytinae). These studies have examined the presence of bacteria in ambrosia beetle mycetangia, organs specialized for transporting fungal symbionts, as well as bacterial diversity in fungal gardens and whole beetles, across different life stages, and under varying environmental conditions. In general, bacterial communities appear to be highly specific to the beetle species, and differ between the beetles and their fungal gardens. Most studies employed 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, and the optimal primer combination for characterizing bacterial communities in environmental samples is 515F/806RB (V4). Various methods for collecting beetles have been used, such as ethanol-baited traps, direct collection from galleries, logs kept in emergence cages, and rearing, but which of them to select when planning a study depends on the specific aim. A significant knowledge gap remains regarding the functional roles of dominant bacterial taxa, as metabarcoding studies often assume that these roles are similar to those played in other beetle species, such as bark beetles. More studies should be conducted to test hypotheses regarding the various factors influencing microbial composition and function, and advanced molecular techniques, including (meta-) genome and transcriptome sequencing, which have been employed in only a limited number of studies, could offer great potential to help bridging this knowledge gap.},
}
@article {pmid40270796,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, Y and Métras, R},
title = {Importance of Considering Seasonality in Tick Activity When Assessing Spatial Expansion Potential: A Case Study on Haemaphysalis longicornis.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e71128},
pmid = {40270796},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Haemaphysalis longicornis, a tick vector of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus, has long been established in parts of East Asia and Oceania but is now rapidly expanding in the eastern US, raising significant concerns about its further domestic and international spread. In this study, we mapped the spatial expansion risk of H. longicornis in North America and Europe by training a habitat suitability model with its occurrence data from East Asia and Oceania. Our model incorporated ecologically relevant predictors for tick survival, which have been neglected in previous habitat suitability modeling for this species. Specifically, we employed temperature, relative humidity, saturation deficit, precipitation, and vegetation level as predictors, with the first three distinguishing between tick questing and non-questing seasons to account for their varying impacts on tick survival during periods of activity and dormancy. The best-fitting model included seasonal saturation deficit and temperature as predictors along with vegetation, with the threshold values of saturation deficit and temperature for suitability closely aligning with existing literature. Spatial projections based on the best-fitting model most closely delineated the current boundaries of H. longicornis occurrences in the eastern US. In contrast, for the western US, where no H. longicornis has been detected yet, the model predicted only a few isolated coastal areas as suitable. This finding contrasts with earlier studies, which projected extensive suitable areas along the coast and extending inland. In Europe, the model also identified limited suitability, mainly confined to coastal areas of southern Europe. In conclusion, by incorporating meteorological predictors that account for seasonal tick activity, our findings reshape the understanding of H. longicornis spatial expansion risk in western North America and Europe, underscoring the need for refined and targeted surveillance strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40270475,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, WJ and Liu, FC and Huang, XY and Del Pozo-Valdivia, AI and Leskey, TC and Yang, CS},
title = {What you eat is what we need: using ants to detect spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) DNA.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {8},
pages = {4571-4578},
pmid = {40270475},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Science and Technology Council/ ; //USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Program/ ; //Virginia Tech New Faculty Start-up Funds/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; Insect Control/methods ; *DNA/analysis ; Hemiptera ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early detection of invasive species such as the spotted lanternfly (SLF, Lycorma delicatula) is critical for effective management including eradication efforts and limiting further spread. SLF excretes honeydew containing detectable DNA, providing a unique opportunity to leverage environmental DNA (eDNA) for its detection. This study introduces the ant-derived DNA (antDNA) approach, utilizing ants as 'honeydew samplers' to detect SLF DNA. We validated the effectiveness of this method through three experiments.<br><br>RESULTS: Using SLF-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we consistently detected SLF DNA in ants foraging or nesting near SLF infestations. We then showed that after a single honeydew meal, SLF DNA persisted in ants for at least 5&#x2009;days, even when, subsequently, ants were fed plain honey solution. Lastly, ants collected from honey-baited lure stations along transects radiating from SLF infestations yielded positive detections up to 100&#x2009;m from the core infestations, demonstrating the method's extensive detection range. These findings confirm that ants, through their active foraging and feeding on environmental honeydew and ability to retain the ingested material, are highly reliable SLF DNA samplers.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Combined with ants' ecological dominance and the ease and low cost of ant collection, the antDNA method offers a sensitive, efficient and practical alternative to traditional, labor-intensive approaches for detecting SLF and potentially other honeydew-producing insects. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40269028,
year = {2025},
author = {López-González, M and Piquet, JC and Maestresalas, B and López-Darias, M},
title = {Validation of eDNA methods for managing the terrestrial invasive snake Lampropeltis californiae on the Canary Islands.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {14116},
pmid = {40269028},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics ; *Snakes/genetics ; *Colubridae/genetics ; Soil ; },
abstract = {Invasive snakes are among the most challenging invaders worldwide due to their exceptionally low detection rate and grave ecological impacts. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a promising tool to improve invasive snake detection and enhancing management programs, yet its application to terrestrial snakes remains underexplored. This study provides the first advances in the use of eDNA techniques to detect the terrestrial invasive California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae). We designed L. californiae-specific primers and tested their effectiveness in detecting the species in different environmental samples, including swab samples from underneath artificial cover objects (ACOs) made of different materials, soil beneath ACOs, randomly collected soil, and researchers' boots. Additionally, we conducted a controlled experiment to assess the accumulation and degradation rate of L. californiae eDNA over a 14-day period (7 with snakes in the terraria and 7 after having removed them). We detected L. californiae eDNA in 9.31% of swab samples, in 2.22% of soil samples under ACOs, and in 2.56% of boot samples, while no detections appeared in randomly collected soil or controls. In the controlled experiment, eDNA was undetectable in terraria prior snake introductions, but remained detectable throughout the study, with no evidence of snake eDNA degradation after snake removal. These findings provide key insights for the implementation of an eDNA-based protocol for the detection of L. californiae in Gran Canaria, offering a valuable tool for monitoring this invasive species. Furthermore, this study could be used for refining eDNA methodologies to detect other elusive terrestrial snake species elsewhere.},
}
@article {pmid40268152,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, L and Mijiti, M and Abuduzhayier, A and Zhao, T and Guan, W and Yang, L and Yang, Y},
title = {dctA, dctB, and dctD contribute to the utilization of C4-dicarboxylates, carbon, nitrogen, as well as virulence in Acidovoraxcitrulli.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {205},
number = {},
pages = {107623},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107623},
pmid = {40268152},
issn = {1096-1208},
mesh = {*Comamonadaceae/pathogenicity/genetics/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Carbon/metabolism ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Virulence/genetics ; Biofilms/growth &amp; development ; *Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Citrullus/microbiology ; Gene Deletion ; *Dicarboxylic Acids/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), a destructive bacterial disease triggered by Acidovorax citrulli, affects cucurbit crops like watermelon and melon. The absorption and use of carbon sources are foundational for bacteria to successfully colonize host plants. C4-dicarboxylates are critical carbon and energy substances, and their transport is completed by the C4-dicarboxylate transport system (Dct) which plays an important role in typical bacterial metabolism. However, the role of dct genes have not been determined for A. citrulli. To clarify the biological roles of the Dct system-related genes in A. citrulli, we developed dctA1, dctA2, dctB, and dctD deletion mutants, as well as dctA1A2 double deletion mutant, with their corresponding complementary strains in the A. citrulli wild-type strain Aac5 in this study. The functions of Dct-related genes in A. citrulli were analyzed through phenotype assays, including pathogenicity, C4-dicarboxylates utilization, carbon and nitrogen utilization, biofilm formation, swimming motility, and qRT-PCR analysis. Compared to the wild-type strain, the pathogenicity, utilization of C4-dicarboxylates, growth ability in vivo and in vitro, and seed adhesion ability of the mutant strains were significantly limited, while the biofilm formation ability was significantly improved. Additionally, the utilization of select carbon sources (glucose, maltose, and sucrose) and nitrogen sources ((NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, CH4N2O, and KNO3) was significantly enhanced. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the deletion of Dct-related genes resulted in significant downregulation of the expression of T3SS-related genes (hrpG and hrpE), the pili-related genes (pilA and pilN), and some flagellum-related genes (fliC, flhC, and flhD). These findings suggested that Dct-related genes were involved in C4-dicarboxylate utilization, carbon and nitrogen use, and the pathogenicity of A. citrulli.},
}
@article {pmid40266780,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, Y and Cui, H and Xu, T and Chen, L},
title = {Contrasting Effects of Mutualistic Ants (Solenopsis invicta) and Predatory Ladybugs on the Proportion of Dark Green Morphs of Cotton Aphids.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40266780},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {C2023201075//Hebei Natural Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii, are an important pest worldwide and have evolved mutualistic relationships with the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Their body color varies from pale yellow to dark green, with an increase in body size and fecundity. The body color composition in a cotton aphid colony can be influenced by biotic interactions with mutualistic ants and predatory ladybugs. However, since the distribution of nutrients varies across host plant organs, there may exist special effects of biotic interactions on the body color composition of the aphids on different plant parts. In the present study, we found that, under constant laboratory conditions, the proportions of dark green morphs varied among the cotton aphids distributed on different parts of a cotton seedling, with significantly higher proportions on the stems, petioles, and sprouts (SPSs) than on leaves. The presence of mutualistic fire ants significantly increased the proportion of dark green morphs in the cotton aphid colony, but with a reduction in aphid body size, compared to the untended individuals. In contrast, the introduction of a predatory seven-spotted ladybug, Coccinella septempunctata, dramatically decreased the proportion of dark green morphs on SPSs, but not on leaves, leading to a reduction in the proportion of the whole colony. These results illustrate a spatial variation in the proportions of dark green morphs on host plants in cotton aphids, which may be an adaptive strategy used by the aphids to gain benefits and/or minimize costs in the interactions with mutualistic ants and predatory ladybugs.},
}
@article {pmid40266776,
year = {2025},
author = {Wimbush, R and Addison, P and Bekker, F and Karsten, M and Powell, M and Marais, G and Moerat, A and Bierman, A and Terblanche, JS},
title = {Preliminary Analysis of Quantum Dots as a Marking Technique for Ceratitis capitata.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40266776},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {818184//European Union/ ; },
abstract = {This study evaluates the potential of quantum dots (QDs) as a marking method for Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata) (Medfly) in comparison to traditional fluorescent powder. As a highly destructive pest impacting a wide variety of fruit crops, an effective marking technique is essential for improving the biological understanding and management of Medflies, including control strategies like the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Through multiple controlled experiments, we examined the effects of QDs and fluorescent powder markers on Medfly flight ability, marker retention rates, and marker durability and stability under diverse storage conditions. Fluorescent powder demonstrated consistently high reliability across all parameters, whereas QDs showed reduced retention, particularly when applied to pupae, and had a more pronounced negative effect on flight ability. This was illustrated by the field trials, which did not recapture any of the QD-marked flies, highlighting the current limitations in QD application methods. Additionally, fluorescent powders outperformed QDs in both long-term storage conditions and short-term stability tests. These findings indicate that while QDs possess potential as marking agents, further refinement of application techniques is required to achieve comparable efficacy to fluorescent powders in pest management contexts.},
}
@article {pmid40266775,
year = {2025},
author = {Varone, M and Di Lillo, P and Nikolouli, K and Özel, AE and Lucibelli, F and Volpe, G and Mazzucchiello, SM and Carfora, A and Aceto, S and Saccone, G and Bourtzis, K and Salvemini, M},
title = {The Early Sex-Specific Expression of the Fruitless Gene in the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Its Functional Conservation in Male Courtship.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40266775},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {STAR2013_25 grant//University of Naples Federico II/ ; This study was also financially supported by the Insect Pest Control Subprogramme of the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and the United States State Department in the frame of the "Surge Expansion of the Sterile Insect//International Atomic Energy Agency/ ; Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT//NextGeneration EU-MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases/ ; },
abstract = {The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is an invasive species and a vector for several significant human pathogens. Gaining a deeper understanding of its reproductive biology offers valuable insights into its evolutionary success and may inform the development of sustainable strategies to control its spread. This study presents a comprehensive structural and functional characterization of the fruitless gene in Ae. albopictus (Aalfru), a pivotal regulator of sexual behavior in insects. Through in silico analysis combined with molecular and functional genetics approaches, we identified a high degree of conservation in the fru gene structure and its regulation via sex-specific alternative splicing. Differently from Drosophila, Aedes aegypti, and other dipteran fruitless orthologs, Aalfru sex-specific regulation starts in 1-day-old embryos, rather than the late larval stage. Functional analysis using embryonic RNA interference (RNAi) demonstrated that, Ae. albopictus males with transiently disrupted fru expression at the embryonic stage showed significant deficits in adult mating behavior and failed to produce viable progeny. Our findings elucidate the Aalfru gene's molecular organization, developmental regulation, and critical role in courtship behavior, highlighting its importance in male sexual behavior and reproductive success in Ae. albopictus.},
}
@article {pmid40266731,
year = {2025},
author = {Ortiz, YV and Casas, SA and Tran, MND and Decker, EG and Saborit, I and Le, HN and Caragata, EP and Reeves, LE and Thongsripong, P},
title = {Mosquito Population Dynamics and Blood Host Associations in Two Types of Urban Greenspaces in Coastal Florida.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40266731},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {P0271968, P0312633//Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/ ; NA//Oslo Riverfront Conservation Area (ORCA) endowment/ ; NA//UF/IFAS Faculty Startup Program/ ; },
abstract = {Urban greenspaces, including residential parks and conservation areas, provide ecological and recreational benefits. This study reports mosquito surveillance and blood meal analysis data from greenspaces in Vero Beach, Florida. It also compares mosquito assemblages and host associations across residential and conservation greenspaces to assess how greenspace type impacts mosquito abundance and host interactions. Using CO2-baited traps and large-diameter aspirators, mosquitoes were collected over 26 sampling weeks (February-December 2023) yielding over 19,000 female mosquitoes from 32 species. Although mosquito species richness and community composition were similar across greenspace types, relative abundance of some key vector and nuisance species differed significantly. For example, Aedes taeniorhynchus was more common in preserved coastal wetland greenspaces, while Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were more common in residential greenspaces. Generalized linear models revealed the impacts of climatic variables on the abundance of many key mosquito species. Blood meal analyses showed that host associations did not vary significantly by greenspace type, suggesting stable mosquito-host interactions across the landscape. These results highlight that greenspaces are not uniform in their mosquito species composition. Further studies on the effects of different greenspace types on mosquito communities can help to identify urban landscape features that minimize mosquito-borne disease risk.},
}
@article {pmid40265777,
year = {2025},
author = {Thi, HL and Trang, NTT and Huy, NG and Ngan, NT and Cuong, NT},
title = {Laboratory assessment of Lantana camara L. extracts for selective inhibition of rice weeds: phytotoxicity, crop response, and phenolic composition.},
journal = {Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes},
volume = {60},
number = {5},
pages = {208-218},
doi = {10.1080/03601234.2025.2494190},
pmid = {40265777},
issn = {1532-4109},
mesh = {*Oryza/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; *Herbicides/pharmacology/chemistry/toxicity ; *Plant Weeds/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry/toxicity ; *Phenols/chemistry/pharmacology/analysis ; *Lantana/chemistry ; Echinochloa/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Weed Control ; },
abstract = {Weeds significantly reduce rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and grain quality, highlighting the need for sustainable weed management strategies. This study evaluated the bioherbicidal potential of methanolic extracts from Lantana camara L. (LC) against dominant rice field weeds Echinochloa crus-galli (BY), Leptochloa chinensis (RS), and Fimbristylis miliacea (GF), and examined the recovery responses of rice varieties OM18 and OM5451. At 0.48 g/mL, LC extract markedly suppressed shoot and root growth in RS, and GF, with root inhibition reaching 95.14-100%. BY was less sensitive, especially in shoot growth (24.21% inhibition). Interestingly, low concentrations (0.01-0.06 g/mL) promoted early rice growth, suggesting hormetic stimulation. IC90 values confirmed differential sensitivity: GF was most susceptible (0.129 g/mL), while BY was highly resistant (2.658 g/mL). OM5451 showed greater recovery after 168 h. HPLC analysis identified major phenolic compounds as veratric acid (5.605 µg/mL), p-coumaric acid (1.533 µg/mL), vanillic, salicylic, and gallic acids likely contributing to LC's phytotoxicity. While the findings underscore that LC may be potent as a selective natural herbicide, this laboratory-based study remains exploratory. Field-scale validation, ecological impact assessments, and formulation refinement are essential next steps. Nevertheless, this work highlights LC's dual role, as both an invasive species and a possible bioresource for eco-friendly weed control.},
}
@article {pmid40265254,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodriguez, CS and Sweet, L and Davis, M and Heacox, S and Barrows, C and Larios, L},
title = {Temporal invasion regime attributes influence community synchrony and stability in an arid land system.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {4},
pages = {e70081},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70081},
pmid = {40265254},
issn = {1939-9170},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Time Factors ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Brassica/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Invasive species have become a major threat to ecosystems across the globe, causing significant ecological and economic damage. To anticipate how communities may respond to future invasions, it is crucial to refine how invader impacts are evaluated, especially in historically uninvaded and highly variable systems such as arid lands. While invader abundance is typically used to predict invader impacts, it may not effectively capture the dynamics that occur over time for established invaders that experience cyclical dynamics (i.e., boom-bust patterns), making it more challenging to track invader impacts. To address this issue, we leveraged a long-term vegetation dataset to develop a novel invasion regime framework for a dominant annual invader in North American deserts, Brassica tournefortii. Using abundance data over time, we evaluated how attributes of this invader's boom-bust dynamics (i.e., invasion level, boom frequency and magnitude) influence the long-term synchrony and stability of invaded Eolian sand dunes communities. We found that attributes that captured the temporal effects of the invader were strong indicators of the impacts of an invader on long-term attributes of communities. Specifically, the mean magnitude of invader booms led to a decrease in species asynchrony and community stability. Increasing boom frequency also decreased community stability, but this was more muted. Mean magnitude of invader booms also mediated shifts in the relationship between synchrony and stability, with this relationship becoming more shallow with increasing boom magnitudes. Our research emphasizes the significance of using community metrics that capture temporal dynamics to document invasion impacts within dynamic arid land systems. The invasion regime framework can additionally offer insights into the mechanisms that may enable the persistence of the invader over time. Together, this knowledge can be helpful in guiding decision-making and land management strategies aimed at effectively controlling and mitigating the impact of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40264805,
year = {2025},
author = {Bega, AG and Goryacheva, II and Moskaev, AV and Andrianov, BV},
title = {Mitochondrial genome variation of mosquito species in the subgenus Stegomyia of the genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae).},
journal = {Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {219-229},
doi = {10.18699/vjgb-25-25},
pmid = {40264805},
issn = {2500-0462},
abstract = {Mosquitoes in the subgenus Stegomyia of the genus Aedes are vectors of a number of vertebrate viruses, including human arboviral fevers. Of particular interest is the study of the genetic characteristics of invasive populations of species in this group. We obtained, annotated and described the mitochondrial genomes of three Stegomyia mosquito species of the genus Aedes: Ae. albopictus, Ae. flavopictus and Ae. sibiricus. The mitochondrial genomes of Ae. flavopictus and Ae. sibiricus were obtained from mosquitoes from synanthropic populations in the Russian Far East. The mitochondrial genome of Ae. sibiricus is presented for the first time. The mitochondrial genome of Ae. albopictus was obtained for the C6/36 cell line. We selected three primer sets, for each mosquito species, that amplify the entire mitochondrial genome except for the control region and sequenced the genomes using the Sanger method. All three new genomes have an identical gene order. We identified 13 canonical protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transport RNA genes. Protein-coding genes have canonical start and stop codons with two exceptions. The canonical stop codon "TAA" is incomplete in the cox1 and cox2 genes. The cox1 gene lacks the canonical start codon for methionine. Nucleotide variability is mainly represented by point nucleotide substitutions. A phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of complete mitochondrial genomes of all known mosquitoes species in the subgenus Stegomyia of the genus Aedes was performed. The data obtained made it possible to measure the ratio of synonymous to non-synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks) in specific protein-coding genes.},
}
@article {pmid40262481,
year = {2025},
author = {Piccardi, F and Bortot, C and Brunoni, L and Poli, F and Rosenthal, GG and Mazzoldi, C and Barausse, A},
title = {Invasive blue vs. local Green: analysis of substrate preference of two crab species, Callinectes sapidus and Carcinus aestuarii.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {107164},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107164},
pmid = {40262481},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Mediterranean Sea ; Geologic Sediments ; Environmental Monitoring ; Behavior, Animal ; },
abstract = {Introduced primarily via ballast waters, the Atlantic Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, has spread throughout the Mediterranean Sea exhibiting a highly invasive behaviour. In introduced ecosystems it is posing a threat to local species and economic activities. This study compares, for the first time, habitat preference of C. sapidus and the native green crab, the Mediterranean Shore Crab Carcinus aestuarii, in the Venice Lagoon. Sediment samples from natural sandy bottoms, as well as from natural and artificial saltmarshes were used to assess substrate preference (time spent on each substrate) of both species under controlled laboratory conditions. Sediment composition was characterized by granulometric analysis, to assess differences in the sediment structure of the samples. Behavioural observations indicated that C. sapidus exhibits a preference for substrates with larger grain size, that characterized both natural bottoms and artificial saltmarshes, whereas C. aestuarii showed no specific substrate preference. Moreover, C. sapidus demonstrated significantly higher burrowing activity, likely due to its adaptation to sandy environments and burrowing behaviour as a predation avoidance strategy. Hydro-morphological alterations driven by both human-driven erosion and by restoration actions are increasing the sandy component of the Venice lagoon sediments across habitats. As a result, the blue crab may potentially thrive in wider areas. Our findings have implications for conservation and management, as the expansion of C. sapidus could further threaten C. aestuarii populations through competition and predation, exacerbating the decline of local artisanal fisheries.},
}
@article {pmid40261617,
year = {2025},
author = {Dellagnola, FA and Godoy, MS and Vega, IA},
title = {Zymography Techniques for the Profiling of Digestive Protease in a Freshwater Invertebrate Model.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {2918},
number = {},
pages = {107-123},
pmid = {40261617},
issn = {1940-6029},
mesh = {Animals ; *Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; *Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/methods ; Fresh Water ; *Enzyme Assays/methods ; *Snails/enzymology ; Digestive System/enzymology ; },
abstract = {Zymography is a sensitive and specific technique that enables the detection and characterization of proteases of low abundance. Here, we describe two zymographic techniques, in-gel and in situ zymography, to discover proteases (20-120 kDa) along the gut of apple snails. Proteases of different molecular weights are separated by electrophoresis in gelatin copolymerized sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels and then enzymatic activities revealed by Coomassie Blue negative staining. Protease families can be identified in the presence of specific inhibitors. We also use in situ zymography for localizing proteases in intracellular symbiotic corpuscles that habit in the digestive gland of the gastropod Pomacea canaliculata. Different spatial-temporal scenarios of protease synthesis, secretion, and hydrolysis of dietary proteins may be identified by a combination of in-gel and in situ zymography.},
}
@article {pmid40259770,
year = {2025},
author = {Magalhaes, VS and Czepak, C and van Niekerk, M and Du Plessis, H and Court, L and Tay, WT},
title = {Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) draft mitogenomes and insecticide resistance gene characterisation support multiple maternal lineages in invasive African, Asian, and European populations.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {115},
number = {4},
pages = {437-451},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485325000252},
pmid = {40259770},
issn = {1475-2670},
mesh = {Animals ; *Moths/genetics/drug effects ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Introduced Species ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Europe ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The tomato leafminer, Phthorimaea absoluta (synonym Tuta absoluta Meyrick, 1917), is a transboundary plant pest that poses a serious threat to global tomato cultivation and production, with significant negative social and environmental impact from increased insecticide usage for its management. We present three P. absoluta draft mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from Malawi and South Africa, thereby increasing the mitogenome resources for this invasive agricultural pest. Comparative analysis with Spain, China, and Kenya samples revealed at least seven maternal lineages across its current invasive ranges, supporting multiple introductions as a major factor for the spread of invasive populations. Mitogenome results therefore identified unexpected diversity as compared to the use of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI/cox1) gene marker for the inference of P. absoluta invasion biology. The whole-genome sequencing approach further identified alternative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene regions necessary to improve diversity estimates, and enables concurrent characterisation of insecticide resistance genes. Characterisation of the VSSG (Para) and AChE-1/ace-1 gene profiles that underpin pyrethroid and organophosphate (OP) resistances, respectively, confirmed co-introductions of pyrethroid and OP resistance genes into Malawian and South African populations. Our study highlights the need for additional P. absoluta mitogenome resources, especially from native populations that is needed for more accurate interpretations of introduction pathways and the development of future sustainable management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40259706,
year = {2025},
author = {Woodford, DJ and Magoro, M and Kadye, WT and Scheepers, M and Sithole, Y and Mutizwa, TI and Ntokoane, T and Chakona, A},
title = {Freshwater fishes of the Waterberg aquatic ecoregion, South Africa: Diversity, taxonomic conflicts and conservation concerns.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70007},
pmid = {40259706},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {FBIP-211006643719//National Research Foundation/ ; IBIP-BS13100251309//National Research Foundation/ ; FBIC200227507229//National Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Southern Africa is a region denoted by both high levels of fish diversity, some of it cryptic and unrecognised by current taxonomy, and severely threatened freshwater ecosystems. The Waterberg, a key aquatic ecoregion of the greater Limpopo River basin in South Africa, represents an area with high terrestrial conservation value but is lacking in aquatic biodiversity information. This study characterised this unique aquatic ecoregion's fish diversity, their biogeographic patterns and threats to this biodiversity. A total of 29 fish species (11 families, 19 genera) were identified, with many distinct upland fish communities occurring within the high-altitude headwaters of the ecoregion, whereas lowland fish communities tended to be more homogeneous. Mitochondrial CO1 barcoding revealed genetically distinct lineages in four presumed-widespread southern African species: the shortfin barb, Enteromius brevipinnis (Jubb, 1966); hyphen barb, Enteromius bifrenatus (Fowler, 1935); straightfin barb, Enteromius paludinosus (Peters, 1852) and snake catfish, Clarias theodorae Weber, 1897, that were restricted to the Waterberg aquatic ecoregion. The level of genetic divergence suggests that these four Waterberg-restricted lineages are likely new candidate species. These findings indicate the Waterberg to be a biogeographic island within the greater Zambezian ichthyofaunal region of southern Africa, which should be prioritised for aquatic ecosystem conservation. Current terrestrial conservation structures in the region, encapsulated within the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, appear to protect this distinct ichthyofauna from human land-use-derived impacts. Nonetheless, the presence of the invasive predatory largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans) inside the biosphere represents a credible conservation threat. Engagement with biosphere stakeholders will be critical for managing this threat to the Waterberg's unique ichthyofauna going forward.},
}
@article {pmid40259227,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Q and Liu, X and Liu, K and Ren, H and Jian, S and Lu, H and Cheng, Y and Zou, Q and Huang, Y},
title = {The invasion of Cassytha filiformis accelerated the litter decomposition of native plant communities in small tropical coral islands.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {504},
pmid = {40259227},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {32101255//National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars/ ; 32101369//National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars/ ; 2021-400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2021-400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; XJ2500000632//Scientific Research Foundation of Hainan University/ ; 425QN238//Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Soil/chemistry ; Islands ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Plant invasion affects plant community composition, biodiversity, and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in vulnerable ecosystems. As an invasive parasitic plant, Cassytha filiformis has caused extensive damage to the native vegetation of the Paracel Islands. However, the effects of C. filiformis invasion on litter decomposition and nutrient release in native plant communities remain unclear. We conducted an in-situ decomposition experiment in native plant communities on a coral island to explore the litter decomposition dynamics varying across enzyme activities, soil properties and C. filiformis invasive degrees.<br><br>RESULTS: The mass loss of litter was determined during the decomposition process. The data showed that litter mass loss under severe invasion was significantly lower than in uninvaded sites after nine months of decomposition. The invasion of C. filiformis accelerated the nitrogen release and lignin decomposition with increased litter quality and polyphenol oxidase activity. Besides, soil phosphorus availability and potassium content also induced the oxidase activity. Meanwhile, the decomposition of litter organic carbon was delayed because &#x3b2;-1, 4-glucosidase activity was low in the first six months. Besides, peroxidase activity maintained a high level in invasive plots, indicating that the residues of C. filiformis may have allelopathy.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the invasion of C. filiformis accelerated litter mass loss and element release on coral islands by regulating litter quality and enzyme activity. However, the short-term rapid litter decomposition may result in nutrient loss, which is not conducive to the growth of native plants.},
}
@article {pmid40258149,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Scheiner, SM and Hogan, JA and Thomas, MB and Soltis, PS and Guralnick, RP and Soltis, DE and Lichstein, JW},
title = {Nonnative tree invaders lead to declines in native tree species richness.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {17},
pages = {e2424908122},
pmid = {40258149},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {DEB-2325836//NSF (NSF)/ ; 21-JV-11242305-097//U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; *Trees/classification/physiology ; Biomass ; Forests ; Phylogeny ; United States ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are profoundly altering Earth's ecosystems, but generalities about the effects of nonnative species on the diversity and productivity of native communities have been elusive. This lack of generality may reflect the limited spatial and temporal extents of most previous studies. Using >5 million tree measurements across eastern US forests from 1995 to 2023, we quantified temporal trends in tree diversity and biomass. We then analyzed community-level changes in native tree diversity and biomass in relation to nonnative tree invasion and native species colonization. Across the entire eastern United States, native tree species richness decreased over time in plots where nonnatives occurred, whereas nonnative species richness and the biomass of both natives and nonnatives increased over time. At the community scale, native richness tended to decline following nonnative invasion, whereas native biomass and richness-independent measures of trait and phylogenetic diversity tended to remain stable. These patterns can be explained by the rarity of the displaced native species and their functional and phylogenetic similarity to native species that survived nonnative invasions. In contrast, native survivors tended to be functionally distinct from nonnative invaders, suggesting an important role for niche partitioning in community dynamics. Colonization by previously absent native species was associated with an increase in native richness (beyond the addition of native colonizers), which contrasts with declines in native richness that tended to follow nonnative invasion. These results suggest a causal role for nonnative species in the native richness decline of invaded communities.},
}
@article {pmid40256856,
year = {2025},
author = {Michels, E and Hansford, K and Perkins, SE and McDonald, RA and Medlock, JM and Tschirren, B},
title = {The Release of Non-Native Gamebirds Is Associated With Amplified Zoonotic Disease Risk.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {e70115},
pmid = {40256856},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {NE/S007504/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Galliformes ; *Bird Diseases/microbiology/epidemiology/transmission ; *Introduced Species ; *Lyme Disease/epidemiology/transmission/microbiology ; Ixodes/microbiology ; *Borrelia burgdorferi Group/physiology/isolation &amp; purification ; Nymph/microbiology ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {Spillback-where non-native species increase native pathogen prevalence-is potentially an important mechanism by which non-natives contribute to zoonotic disease emergence. However, spillback has not yet been directly demonstrated because it is difficult to disentangle from confounding factors which correlate with non-native species abundance and native pathogen prevalence. Here, we capitalise on replicated, quasi-experimental releases of non-native pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) to compare vector abundance and native pathogen prevalence between sites with similar local conditions but different non-native densities. Prevalence of Borrelia spp. (the causative agent of Lyme disease) in questing ticks was almost 2.5x higher in woods where pheasants are released compared to control woods, with a particularly strong effect on Borrelia garinii, a bird specialist genospecies. Furthermore, adult (but not nymphal) ticks tended to be more abundant at pheasant-release woods. This work provides evidence that non-native species can impact zoonotic pathogen prevalence via spillback in ecologically relevant contexts.},
}
@article {pmid40254468,
year = {2025},
author = {Diamant, ES and Oswald, KN and Awoyemi, AG and Gaston, KJ and MacGregor-Fors, I and Berger-Tal, O and Roll, U},
title = {The importance of biome in shaping urban biodiversity.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {6},
pages = {601-612},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.03.014},
pmid = {40254468},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Urbanization ; Cities ; *Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Introduced Species ; Socioeconomic Factors ; },
abstract = {Humanity is urbanizing, with vast implications on natural systems. To date, most research on urban biodiversity has centered on temperate biomes. Conversely, drylands, collectively the largest terrestrial global biome, remain understudied. Here, we synthesize key mechanistic differences of urbanization's impacts on biodiversity across these biomes. Irrigation shapes dryland urban ecology, and can lead to greener, sometimes more biodiverse, landscapes than local wildlands. These green urban patches in drylands often have a different species composition, including many non-native and human-commensal species. Socioeconomic factors - locally and globally - can mediate how biomes shape urban biodiversity patterns through the effects of irrigation, greening, and invasive species. We advocate for more research in low-income dryland cities, and for implementing biome-specific, scientifically grounded management and policies.},
}
@article {pmid40252590,
year = {2025},
author = {Fasola, E and Santolini, C and Villa, B and Zanoletti, A and Magni, G and Pachner, J and Stefani, F and Boldrocchi, G and Bettinetti, R},
title = {Integrating traditional and innovative monitoring approaches to monitor the marine biodiversity in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean sea).},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {107160},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107160},
pmid = {40252590},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Mediterranean Sea ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Aquatic Organisms/classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Endangered Species ; },
abstract = {The Mediterranean Sea, a global biodiversity hotspot, is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures, leading to a decline in marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. In response, effective monitoring and conservation strategies, including citizen science initiatives, are crucial for understanding and mitigating these impacts. This study presents the Marine Adventure for Research and Education (M.A.R.E.) initiative, which integrates public participation in marine biodiversity monitoring through visual surveys and environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. Novel species-specific primers were developed to target key species, including Risso's dolphin, fin whale, basking shark, loggerhead sea turtle, and sperm whale. Over three months, approximately 100 participants contributed to the detection of endangered marine species, including the loggerhead sea turtle, striped dolphin, fin whale, and basking shark, in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Thus, eDNA analysis proved to be a highly sensitive and non-invasive method for detecting a wide range of species, complementing traditional visual surveys. As a matter of fact, the second most detected species with molecular analyses was the Risso's dolphin, an elusive species previously underreported in the region. Thus, this study suggests that eDNA technique might be considered a promising technique to monitor the Risso's dolphin distribution in the Mediterranean Sea.},
}
@article {pmid40251857,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, MJ and Rizzieri, YC and Li, FW and Freund, F and Escalona, M and Toffelmier, E and Miller, C and Shaffer, HB and Nguyen, O and Marimuthu, MPA and Chumchim, N and Tribble, C and Fairbairn, CW and Seligmann, W and Rothfels, CJ},
title = {The genome assembly of the duckweed fern, Azolla caroliniana.},
journal = {The Journal of heredity},
volume = {116},
number = {5},
pages = {691-701},
pmid = {40251857},
issn = {1465-7333},
support = {S10 OD010786/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD018174/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; RSI-19-690224//California Conservation Genomics Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Genome, Plant ; *Ferns/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Haplotypes ; Genomics ; California ; Chromosomes, Plant ; },
abstract = {Azolla is a genus of freshwater ferns that is economically important as a nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer, biofuel, bioremediator, and for potential carbon sequestration, but also contains weedy invasive species. In California, only 2 species are currently recognized but the actual diversity may include up to 6 species, with the discrepancy being due to the difficulty in identifying taxa, hybridization, and the introduction of non-native species. Here, we report a new haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level assembly and annotation of Azolla caroliniana as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP), using a combination of PacBio HiFi and Omni-C sequencing technologies. The assembly is 521 Mb in length, with a contig N50 of 1.6 Mb, and is scaffolded into 22 pseudochromosomes. A total of 21,848 protein-coding genes was predicted with a Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness score of 89.88%. In combination with the previously published Azola filiculoides genome, this A. caroliniana genome will be a powerful tool for understanding the population genetics and taxonomy of one of the most cryptic, economically important, and poorly circumscribed fern taxa, and for facilitating land plant genomics more broadly.},
}
@article {pmid40250225,
year = {2025},
author = {Rahman, T and Candolin, U},
title = {Species invasion has a larger impact on stickleback reproduction than warming of breeding habitat.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {978},
number = {},
pages = {179447},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179447},
pmid = {40250225},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Smegmamorpha/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Reproduction ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; *Global Warming ; Palaemonidae/physiology ; },
abstract = {The invasion of foreign species into ecosystems is a growing human-induced problem. Global warming is expected to magnify the problem by facilitating invasions and amplifying the ecological impact of invaders. We investigated if rising water temperature influences the impact of an invading shrimp Palaemon elegans on the reproductive success of a native fish, the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we found the shrimp to reduce the probability that stickleback males built a nest, defended it against a perceived intruder, courted females and gained matings. This reduced the number of offspring they produced, independently of temperature. Males lost more weight in the presence of the shrimp, which indicates that the shrimp can reduce the number of breeding cycles that males can complete. Thus, the shrimp has both direct negative effects and the potential for indirect delayed effects. The impact of the shrimp on stickleback reproduction overrode that of warming, most likely because the stickleback has adapted to temperature fluctuations in shallow coastal waters, but not to a high abundance of the non-native shrimp. Interestingly, the shrimp did not reduce egg hatching success, which indicates that the stickleback overestimates the risk posed by the invader. Refraining from reproduction in the presence of shrimp may have been an adaptive strategy in the past, but not in the current environment where shrimp-free habitats may no longer be found. Thus, the past reaction norm - to avoid nesting in the presence of shrimp - may have become an 'evolutionary trap'. These results emphasise the immediate threat that invading species can pose, which can be larger than the impact of warming, and stresses the importance of controlling their invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40247840,
year = {2025},
author = {Mashaphu, MF and O'Brien, GC and Downs, CT and Willows-Munro, S},
title = {Genetic assessment of farmed Oreochromis mossambicus populations in South Africa.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e18877},
pmid = {40247840},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; South Africa ; *Tilapia/genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; *Aquaculture ; },
abstract = {The global utilisation of Oreochromis spp. in freshwater aquaculture extends to South Africa. Here the native Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) has been proposed as a priority species for regional aquaculture projects, although it is still not preferred over the non-native O. niloticus. There is limited understanding of the genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation of farmed O. mossambicus in South Africa. Using a suite of 14 microsatellite markers, the present study aimed to determine the origin and genetic diversity of four farmed O. mossambicus populations in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces. Wild O. mossambicus from rivers surrounding the farms were included to trace the origin of farmed populations. Results revealed lower genetic diversity in farmed populations compared to wild populations. In particular, the University of Zululand population exhibited lower genetic diversity compared to the rest of the farmed populations. While most farmed populations closely resembled their local wild counterparts, the uMphafa ponds exhibited distinct genetic characteristics. Notably, some individuals from uMphafa shared genetic affinities with those from the Thukela River, suggesting that the Thukela River could be the source of this farmed population, or that farmed fish may have been introduced or escaped into the river. The study suggests that select farmed populations may have the potential for use in breeding and broodstock supplementation programs but emphasizes the importance of thorough genetic monitoring. However, before these populations can be considered for broodstock supplementation, further investigation is required to confirm their genetic integrity and rule out potential contamination from invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40243807,
year = {2025},
author = {Souza, ML and Andrade, FG and Fonteles, MRV and Costa, FWR and Saporetti Junior, AW and Silva, IHCVD and Maia, RC},
title = {Leaf trait divergence between Azadirachta indica (exotic) and native species of the northern Brazilian coast.},
journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias},
volume = {97},
number = {2},
pages = {e20240960},
doi = {10.1590/0001-3765202520240960},
pmid = {40243807},
issn = {1678-2690},
mesh = {Brazil ; *Azadirachta/anatomy &amp; histology/classification ; *Plant Leaves/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Introduced Species ; Phenotype ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {The introduction of exotic plants can pose ecological threats as they may become invasive. We investigated leaf traits potentially linked to competitive advantage and invasiveness in Azadirachta indica, a widely used exotic tree in northeastern Brazil's urban forestry, compared to native species Ouratea fieldingiana and Myrcia multiflora. We tested the limiting similarity hypothesis, evaluating how leaf characteristics influence the ecological responses of these species and A. indica's potential invasiveness. A. indica exhibited larger leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area ratio (LAR) compared to native species, but lower specific petiole length (SPL) and specific internode length (SIL). Additionally, A. indica displayed greater phenotypic variation in these traits. The larger leaf area, SLA, and LAR suggest a strategy in A. indica favoring rapid carbon gain through increased growth. The higher phenotypic variation observed may facilitate adaptation to new habitats, potentially enhancing its competitive ability and invasiveness. These findings highlight distinct functional strategies between exotic and native species, raising concerns regarding the potential invasiveness of A. indica in northeastern Brazil's natural ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40242835,
year = {2025},
author = {Yin, Y and Xu, A and Pan, X and He, Q and Wu, A and Huang, L and Wu, Y and Li, X},
title = {Modeling the distribution of the invasive snail Physella acuta in China: Implications for ecological and economic impact.},
journal = {Science in One Health},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {100107},
pmid = {40242835},
issn = {2949-7043},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The invasive freshwater snail Physella acuta poses significant threats to the ecological environment, public health safety, and the agricultural and forestry economy. Gaining insight into their geographical spread in China under current and future climate scenarios is crucial for effective monitoring and control strategies against this invasive species.<br><br>METHODS: Global distribution data of P.&#xa0;acuta were collected and screened using "ENMtool"; environmental variables were screened based on contribution of environmental variables, jackknife test and variable correlation analysis using MaxEnt 3.4.1 and GraphPad Prism 8; "kuenm" package in R 4.0.4 software was used to calculate and adjust model parameters; the optimized MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential distribution range of P.&#xa0;acuta in China under different climate scenarios; ArcGIS 10.7 was used to process and visualize the results.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 2012 P.&#xa0;acuta distribution points were screened, and the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest season, precipitation in March and November were used to construct the MaxEnt model with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.918. According to the prediction, P.&#xa0;acuta is currently widely spread across the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Chongqing Municipality, and areas proximate to the Yangtze River Basin in the middle-lower Yangtze Plain, which encompass 10.22&#xa0;% of China's terrestrial area. Under future climate projections, the suitable habitats for P.&#xa0;acuta in southern regions are expected to contract, whereas those in northern regions are anticipated to remain relatively stable. As a result, the overall distribution center is likely to shift marginally northward.<br><br>CONCLUSION: With the future climate change, the total suitable habitats of P.&#xa0;acuta in China showed a shrinking trend, and the shrinkage was more significant in the southern low-latitude suitable habitats. To mitigate its impact on China's ecosystem and the loss caused by P.&#xa0;acuta invasion, relevant departments should increase monitoring and prompt control, and implement efficient preventive and eradication measures.},
}
@article {pmid40241729,
year = {2025},
author = {Meron, D and Lalzar, M and Rothman, SB and Kroin, Y and Kaufman, E and Kitson-Walters, K and Zvi-Kedem, T and Shemesh, E and Tsadok, R and Nativ, H and Einbinder, S and Tchernov, D},
title = {Microbiota dynamics in lionfish (Pterois): insights into invasion and establishment in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1570274},
pmid = {40241729},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Lionfishes (Pterois spp.), originally native to the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea, have become one of the most invasive marine species globally, including the recent establishment in the Mediterranean Sea. This study investigates the microbiota of lionfish to explore its potential role in their invasion success and establishment. Using high-throughput sequencing and microbiota analyses, we characterized the species-specific core microbiome and identified habitat-specific markers across different regions (Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean, and aquarium populations) and organs. Focusing on the Mediterranean invasion, we tracked lionfish distribution and population dynamics along the Israeli coastline from 2017 to 2023, monitoring size, seasonal trends, and depth preferences. Our findings reveal that lionfish initially established themselves in deeper waters before expanding to shallower habitats, with a gradual increase in population size and body length over time. From a microbial aspect, we compared the microbiota of lionfish organs and identified a similar pattern (Photobacterium), to Earlier Lessepsian migrants fish species. This study provides novel insights into the interactions between microbiota and host ecology, shedding light on the mechanisms that may support the successful invasion. This study contributes to the understanding of lionfish invasion dynamics in the Mediterranean. It highlights the microbiota as an integral component for studying the ecological and biological mechanisms underpinning invasive species' success and establishment of lionfish.},
}
@article {pmid40240788,
year = {2025},
author = {Lv, Y and Li, Y and Fang, M and Liu, Y and Wang, Y and Yang, Y and Zou, Y and Shi, Q and Mu, X},
title = {Chromosome-level genome assembly reveals adaptive evolution of the invasive Amazon sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis).},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {616},
pmid = {40240788},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; *Catfishes/genetics ; *Genome ; *Chromosomes/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Catfish represents a diverse lineage with variable number of chromosomes and complex relationships with humans. Although certain species pose significant invasive threats to native fish populations, comprehensive genomic investigations into the evolutionary adaptations that contribute to their invasion success are lacking. To address this gap, our study presents a high-quality genome assembly of the Amazon sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis), a member of the armored catfish family, along with a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis. By utilizing conserved genomic regions across different catfish species, we reconstructed the 29 ancestral chromosomes of catfish, including two microchromosomes (28 and 29) that show different fusion and breakage patterns across species. Our analysis shows that the Amazon sailfin catfish genome is notably larger (1.58 Gb) with more than 40,000 coding genes. The genome expansion was linked to early repetitive sequence expansions and recent gene duplications. Several expanded genes are associated with immune functions, including antigen recognition domains like the Ig-v-set domain and the tandem expansion of the CD300 gene family. We also identified specific insertions in CNEs (conserved non-coding elements) near genes involved in cellular processes and neural development. Additionally, rapidly evolving and positively selected genes in the Amazon sailfin catfish genome were found to be associated with collagen formation. Moreover, we identified multiple positively selected codons in hoxb9, which may lead to functional alterations. These findings provide insights into molecular adaptations in an invasive catfish that may underlie its widespread invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid40240245,
year = {2025},
author = {Bonser, SP and Gabriel, V and Zeng, K and Moles, AT},
title = {The biocontrol paradox.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {6},
pages = {586-592},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.03.012},
pmid = {40240245},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Herbivory ; *Biological Control Agents ; Plants ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Biocontrol agents can significantly reduce the growth and performance of individual invasive plants but often have limited success in controlling invasions. Here, we suggest that some biocontrol failures may be understood by distinguishing between individual plant performance and the performance of groups growing in monoculture. The success of a group growing in monoculture can be maximised if individual plants limit their allocation of limited resources to competition. However, individual performance can be maximised by acquiring resources at the expense of neighbouring plants. Enemies such as herbivores can reduce the dominance of individual plants and limit resource allocation to competition. Thus, biocontrol could have the unexpected effect of increasing the performance of groups of invaders.},
}
@article {pmid40238793,
year = {2025},
author = {Malaquias Souto, P and Sarmento, A and Capela, N and Aguilar, A and Azevedo-Pereira, HMVS and Carvalho, CR and Darrouzet, E and Haouzi, M and Henriques, LA and Leston, S and Ramos, F and de Sousa, JP},
title = {Acute contact toxicity of insecticides for the chemical control of the invasive yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Hymenoptera: Vespidae).},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {e0320769},
pmid = {40238793},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecticides/toxicity ; Introduced Species ; Neonicotinoids/toxicity ; *Wasps/drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Pyridines/toxicity ; Macrolides/toxicity ; Pyrethrins/toxicity ; *Insect Control/methods ; Toxicity Tests, Acute ; },
abstract = {The yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina subs. nigrithorax Buysson, 1905, originally from Southeast Asia, has become an invasive species in Europe since its introduction in France around 2004. Its rapid proliferation and voracious predatory behavior pose a significant threat to native insects, particularly honeybees and other pollinators, impacting agricultural production, biodiversity, and human safety. Eradication in Europe seems now impossible, and the control efforts are hindered by the lack of standardized application protocols, including for insecticide use, leading to potential indiscriminate pesticide application and, consequently, environmental damages. Our study evaluated the acute contact toxicity on V. v. nigrithorax workers of four commercially available formulations containing acetamiprid, cypermethrin, a mix of natural pyrethrins, and Spinosad as active ingredients. These tests were performed in laboratory conditions, offering novel data for the chemical control of this invasive species. Our results suggest acetamiprid and spinosad as promising candidates for the yellow-legged hornet control. Further research is needed to validate their efficacy under field conditions and assess ecological impacts of these pesticides on non-target organisms. Integrated pest management strategies should prioritize insecticides with low non-target toxicity and minimal environmental persistence to mitigate resistance development and ensure effective pest control. Comprehensive assessments considering multiple factors beyond mortality are essential for informing sustainable pest control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40237547,
year = {2025},
author = {Ravelomanana, A and Ravaomanarivo, LH and Rakotoarimanana, V and Razafindraleva, HA and Fisher, BL},
title = {Fire regime and spatial distributions of leaf litter- and ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) across the tapia woodland of Madagascar.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40237547},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {//The Norvig Family Foundation/ ; //Lakeside Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology ; Madagascar ; *Fires ; *Forests ; *Animal Distribution ; *Biodiversity ; Plant Leaves ; },
abstract = {The Central Highland of Madagascar has a native vegetation formation known as tapia woodland that is able to withstand regular fires. However, the ant fauna of this habitat remains poorly understood. This study compares the distribution of ant species in recently burned (<1 yr since fire) and unburned (>4 years since fire) tapia vegetation, which is dominated by the tapia tree Uapaca bojeri (Phyllanthaceae). Three quantitative inventory methods-mini-Winkler, monolith, and pitfall traps-were employed along a 200-m transect with 20 plots per site. In total, 155 ant species were collected, comprising 146 native species (95%) and 8 introduced species (5%). A statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in species richness between the burned and unburned plots for each method. Divergent patterns in species composition were observed between paired burned and unburned plots across 3 sites: Ambositra (56 vs 64), Ibity (23 vs 42), and Itremo (60 vs 59). Aggregating data from paired burned and unburned plots increased the species richness per locality. At Itremo, the combined species richness was 86, compared to 59 in unburned plots alone. Similarly, at Ibity, despite fire negatively impacting vegetation structure, the combined species richness was 51, versus 43 for unburned sites. Introduced ant species did not significantly differ between burned and unburned sites, with at least 4 species recorded at each tapia formation. The discovery of ground-nesting Camponotus andrianjaka, the first ant species in Madagascar found to have repletes, indicates an adaptation to arid environments and a possible strategy to escape fire.},
}
@article {pmid40237030,
year = {2025},
author = {Brewer, SM and Snow, NP and Beasley, JC},
title = {Influence of bait and habitat on site visitation by wild pigs (Sus scrofa).},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {8},
pages = {4667-4676},
pmid = {40237030},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Office of Environmental Management/ ; //U.S. Department of Energy/ ; //Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; South Carolina ; *Sus scrofa/physiology ; Odorants ; Animals, Wild ; *Pheromones/pharmacology ; Swine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), known for their impacts on ecosystems in both their native and invasive ranges, are commonly managed using lethal trapping or shooting methods reliant upon bait or scent lures. Previous studies evaluating the efficacy of attractants at improving wild pig visitations have yielded mixed results, which are likely to be a reflection of the generalist foraging strategies of wild pigs as well as their fine-scale variability in space use.<br><br>RESULTS: We conducted experimental trials at 743 sites in South Carolina, USA, to quantify differences in wild pig visitation among a suite of bait, scent lures and bait&#x2009;+&#x2009;scent lure combinations to identify which maximized visitation. We monitored sites using a remote camera for 7&#x2009;days and quantified visitation rates and time to visitation. Additionally, to identify habitat attributes that maximized wild pig visitation, we characterized a suite of habitat attributes at each location. Wild pigs visited more sites and had shorter times to visitation at sites with bait present (bait: 42.85%, 61.35&#x2009;h; bait&#x2009;+&#x2009;scent: 47.99%, 60.98&#x2009;h) than sites with scent lures alone (24.40%, 82.03&#x2009;h), with similar results for groups of wild pigs and individuals, emphasizing the effectiveness of bait in increasing visitation. Our habitat modeling results suggest that wild pigs are more likely to locate bait sites in areas closer to water sources and in thick understory.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We recommend that managers maximize visitation of wild pigs by using high-value baits, not relying on scent lures, and intentionally selecting sites based on habitat attributes where wild pigs have nearby access to water and cover. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.},
}
@article {pmid40234206,
year = {2025},
author = {Levine, BA and Moffitt, A and Mendez, R},
title = {Invasive Spotted Lanternflies (Lycorma delicatula) Are Larger in More Urban Areas.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {65},
number = {2},
pages = {276-284},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icaf013},
pmid = {40234206},
issn = {1557-7023},
support = {2312129//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Body Size ; *Hemiptera/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; *Urbanization ; *Introduced Species ; *Thermotolerance ; Cities ; Hot Temperature ; },
abstract = {Urbanization promotes the formation of heat islands. For ectothermic animals in cities, the urban heat island effect can increase developmental rate and result in smaller adult body size (i.e., the temperature-size rule). A smaller adult body size could be consequential for invasive urban ectotherms due to potential effects of body size on thermal tolerance, dispersal distance, and fecundity. Here, we explored the effect of urbanization on body size in the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula), an invasive planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) that is rapidly spreading across urban and non-urban settings in the United States. We then evaluated the consequences of spotted lanternfly body size for heat tolerance, a trait with importance for ectotherm survival in urban heat islands. Contrary to our expectations, we found that both male (P = 0.011) and female (P < 0.001) spotted lanternflies were larger in more urbanized areas and that females displayed a positive effect of body size on resistance to hot temperatures (P = 0.018). These results reject plasticity in developmental rate due to the urban heat island effect as an explanation for spotted lanternfly body size and instead lend necessary (but insufficient) support to an adaptive explanation stemming from advantages of larger body size in cities. This study demonstrates a positive effect of urbanization on spotted lanternfly body size, with potential implications for dispersal distance, fecundity, and thermal tolerance in urban areas.},
}
@article {pmid40232238,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, JT and Hsu, FC and Tseng, SP},
title = {Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers for the invasive ant pest Dolichoderus thoracicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40232238},
issn = {1536-2442},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/genetics ; *Microsatellite Repeats ; Introduced Species ; Taiwan ; },
abstract = {The black cocoa ant, Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith 1860), has become a major pest in Taiwan over the past decade. Although a cryptic invasion involving the coexistence of native (mtClade I) and nonnative (mtClade II) lineages within the same species has been reported, key biological features of this species, including reproductive mode, colony structure, dispersal patterns, and population dynamics, remain poorly understood, partially due to the lack of available genetic markers. Accordingly, the present study developed and characterized 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers for D. thoracicus. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11 (average = 6). The results suggest a significant level of genetic differentiation between the mtClade I and mtClade II populations. These markers will facilitate studies on gene flow, breeding structure, and colony organization, aiding pest management efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40231438,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, B and Koski, TM and Wang, H and Chen, Z and Li, H and Mogouong, J and Bushley, KE and Xing, L and Sun, J},
title = {The Role of Phenylpropanoids and the Plant Microbiome in Defences of Ash Trees Against Invasive Emerald Ash Borer.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {48},
number = {8},
pages = {5680-5698},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15534},
pmid = {40231438},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 32061123002 and 32088102) and the U.S. National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity Grant (no. 2030036). We are also grateful to Collaborative Innovation Center for Baiyangdian Basin Ecological Protection and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Sustainable Development project, Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (C2022201042) and Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation (00240157)./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fraxinus/microbiology/metabolism/genetics ; *Microbiota ; Introduced Species ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Metabolomics ; *Plant Defense Against Herbivory ; Transcriptome ; *Propanols/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Plants have coevolved with herbivorous insects for millions of years, resulting in variation in resistance both within and between species. Using a manipulative experiment combined with untargeted metabolomics, microbiome sequencing and transcriptomics approaches, we investigated the roles of plant metabolites and the microbiome in defence mechanisms in native resistant Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) trees and non-native susceptible velvet ash (Fraxinus velutina) trees against the highly invasive emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis). Comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses show that the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is enriched in differentially expressed genes and differentially abundant metabolites, may serve as a potential regulator of resistance. Additionally, the microbiome is distinctly shifted in two ash species. Indicator taxa analysis reveals that the distinct genera are dominant in the galleries of two ash species, for example, Pseudomonas in velvet, and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium in Manchurian. The strong correlation between indicator taxa and metabolites suggests that the chemical compounds might impact the microbial community in phloem directly or indirectly, or vice versa. This study significantly enhances our understanding of the variation in resistance between ash species and its contribution to the invasion success of EAB, providing valuable insights for the development of pest management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40220189,
year = {2025},
author = {Knoppersen, RS and Bose, T and Coutinho, TA and Hammerbacher, A},
title = {Inside the Belly of the Beast: Exploring the Gut Bacterial Diversity of Gonipterus sp. n. 2.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {88},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
pmid = {40220189},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Eucalyptus/parasitology/chemistry ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Diet ; South Africa ; *Coleoptera/microbiology/physiology ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The Eucalyptus snout beetle (Gonipterus sp. n. 2) is a destructive invasive pest of Eucalyptus plantations, responsible for significant defoliation and wood yield losses globally. Native to Australia, this beetle has adapted to thrive on diverse Eucalyptus hosts, overcoming their chemical defences. However, the mechanisms by which Gonipterus tolerates or utilises these plant defence metabolites remain poorly understood. In South Africa, Gonipterus sp. n. 2 poses a significant threat to Eucalyptus plantations by causing extensive defoliation and leading to substantial reductions in growth and wood production. This study investigates the relationship between diet, host Eucalyptus species, and the gut microbiome of Gonipterus sp. n. 2. Using controlled feeding experiments, beetles were reared on artificial, semi-artificial, and natural diets, as well as two Eucalyptus genotypes with distinct secondary metabolite profiles. High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed significant shifts in gut bacterial diversity and composition across diets. Natural diets supported the most diverse microbial communities, while artificial diets fostered a homogenised microbiome dominated by opportunistic taxa like Serratia. Host-specific effects were observed in frass microbiota, with substantial biotransformation of monoterpenes into less toxic derivatives. The results highlight the plasticity of Gonipterus gut microbiota, which enables metabolic adaptability and resilience in diverse environments. This microbial flexibility underpins the invasiveness of Gonipterus, emphasising the role of gut symbionts in overcoming host chemical defences. Understanding these interactions offers novel insights for microbiome-targeted pest management strategies, providing a sustainable approach to mitigate the impact of Gonipterus on global Eucalyptus forestry.},
}
@article {pmid40219184,
year = {2025},
author = {Labra, FA and Jaramillo, E},
title = {Biodiversity Dynamics in a Ramsar Wetland: Assessing How Climate and Hydrology Shape the Distribution of Dominant Native and Alien Macrophytes.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40219184},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {1221153//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
abstract = {Coastal wetlands provide critical ecological services but are threatened by the human, climatic, and hydrological changes impacting these ecosystems. Several key ecosystem services and functions rely on aquatic macrophyte plant species. We integrate 10 years of seasonal monitoring data (2014-2024) and climatic and hydrological datasets to assess how environmental variability influences two dominant aquatic macrophytes-the invasive and non-indigenous Elodea densa Planch. Casp. (Hydrocharitaceae) and the native Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A.Mey.) Soják-in Chile's first Ramsar site, Carlos Anwandter, and a Nature Sanctuary. We modeled suitable habitat areas using MaxEnt software with Landsat 8 spectral bands and indices as predictive layers. We found significant recent decreases in temperature, river flow, and water level, with a nonsignificant shift in precipitation. We also observed marked spatial and temporal fluctuations in areas with suitable habitat areas for both macrophytes. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that Elodea densa expanded with increasing temperature over time but declined with water level variability. Schoenoplectus californicus showed contrasting effects, declining with rising temperature and water levels but expanding with higher precipitation. These findings emphasize the complexity of coastal wetland ecosystems under environmental stress and climate change and the need for further research for the conservation and management of coastal wetlands along migratory flyways such as the Southeastern Pacific Flyway.},
}
@article {pmid40219171,
year = {2025},
author = {Sarigu, M and Podda, L and Calvia, G and Lallai, A and Bacchetta, G},
title = {Floristic Inventory and Diversity of Urban Green Spaces in the Municipality of Assemini (Sardinia, Italy).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40219171},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Urban greenery is a key component of green infrastructure, contributing to environmental sustainability and urban well-being. Between 2019 and 2020, a comprehensive inventory of ornamental flora was conducted in Assemini (Sardinia, Italy), documenting 198 vascular plant taxa, including 155 exotic, 41 native, and 2 cryptogenic species from 65 families. Among the exotic species, most were neophytes (63%), and 14% were archaeophytes. In terms of life forms, scapose phanerophytes, with a tree-like growth habit, dominated (45%), while Mediterranean and American chorotypes were the most represented, each accounting for 21%. A total of 7356 plants were recorded, comprising trees (61.3%), shrubs (32.3%), and climbers (5.7%), belonging to 90 shrub, 89 tree, and 19 climber taxa. The highest number of plants was found in "Green Areas" and "Schools", which also exhibited the greatest biodiversity, with 136 different taxa each. The most planted species were Quercus ilex, Nerium oleander, and Olea europaea. The survey also identified 21 allergenic, 36 toxic, and 35 mechanically harmful species, primarily located in "Green Areas" and "Schools". Biodiversity analysis using the Shannon Index revealed significant diversity, with Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, and Fagaceae emerging as the most represented families. These findings highlight the importance of plant inventories in urban green space management for sustainable planning. Well-maintained green spaces can enhance ecological resilience, improve public health, and promote social cohesion in future urban developments.},
}
@article {pmid40219062,
year = {2025},
author = {Riaz, M and Rafiq, M and Nawaz, HH and Miao, W},
title = {Bridging Molecular Insights and Agronomic Innovations: Cutting-Edge Strategies for Overcoming Boron Deficiency in Sustainable Rapeseed Cultivation.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40219062},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2022AH052551//Henan Province University Natural Science Research Project/ ; },
abstract = {Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the growth, development, and maintenance of cellular integrity in vascular plants, and is especially important in cell wall synthesis and reproductive development. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), one of the dominant oil crops globally, has a high boron demand and its yield is dramatically decreased under B-deficiency conditions. Rapeseed, which is very sensitive to boron deficiency, suffers from reduced growth and reproductive development, ultimately causing severe yield losses. Here, we reviewed the present state of knowledge on the physiological function of boron in rapeseed, mechanisms of boron uptake and transport, specific effects of boron deficiency in rapeseed, and approaches to alleviate boron deficiency in rapeseed at the agronomical and molecular levels. A specific focus is given to recent molecular breakthroughs and agronomic approaches that may improve boron efficiency. The review focuses on practices that may alleviate the problems caused by boron-deficient soils by investigating the genetic and physiological mechanisms of boron tolerance. In summary, this review describes the integration of molecular information with practical agronomy as an important aspect of breeding future nutrient-efficient rapeseed cultivars that can sustain increasing yields while being cultivated in regions with boron-deficient soils.},
}
@article {pmid40216014,
year = {2025},
author = {Hajek, AE and Everest, TA and Jaronski, ST},
title = {Application of Beauveria bassiana conidia to spotted lanternfly forewings causes fewer infections than abdominal applications.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {211},
number = {},
pages = {108335},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108335},
pmid = {40216014},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Beauveria/physiology/pathogenicity ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Hemiptera/microbiology ; Spores, Fungal ; Wings, Animal/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Adult spotted lanternflies (Lycorma delicatula) were differentially susceptible to Beauveria bassiana when inoculated with conidia on the distal ventral abdomen versus distal forewings. More adults inoculated on the abdomens died of B. bassiana infections than those inoculated on the wings. Abdominal inoculants also died more quickly than wing inoculants. Due to the large dorsal forewings of these planthoppers, typically covering abdomen and thorax, we suggest that the wings can at least partially protect from dorsal sprays of an infectious Hypocreales; we hypothesize that spraying surfaces on which SLF stand could be more efficacious than spraying these insects with their bodies shielded by their wings.},
}
@article {pmid40215951,
year = {2025},
author = {Coelho-Souza, SA and Falsarella, LN and Leite, KL and Meira, HM and Candido, CF and Lopez, MS},
title = {A "short blanket" reality: The challenge to control sun coral invasion in a large no-take marine protected area over a decade of adaptive management.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {216},
number = {},
pages = {117947},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117947},
pmid = {40215951},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Introduced Species ; Brazil ; *Coral Reefs ; Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) should be prioritized for management actions against bioinvasions. Controlling underwater invaders is particularly challenging because of the need for specific tools and methodologies with long-term investment. Since 2013, a Brazilian no-take MPA has adopted the adaptive management of sun coral (Tubastraea spp.). The historical dataset of sun coral removal in the Alcatrazes MPA was analyzed, as well as its relative abundance from 2021 to 2023. Between 2014 and 2023, almost 1.3 million colonies (12 t) of sun corals were removed. Control actions were primarily concentrated at three sites before 2021. Since 2021, the development of a new technique using a pneumatic drill along with the identification of new invasion foci through the monitoring plan, allowed an increased removal rate. While sun coral abundance was controlled considering the whole archipelago, the effect of management was variable at a smaller spatial scale. While for some sites the reduction of sun coral abundance lasted for just six months, one annual action was enough to control the abundance at other sites. It was not possible to achieve equally high management effort at all sites, resulting in a "short blanket" outcome: i.e., when some sites had high removal rates, others were less managed and experienced increasing sun coral abundance between control actions. By integrating the monitoring and management datasets, we suggest a protocol from an adaptive management perspective that considers both the degree of invasion and tailored removal rates per site.},
}
@article {pmid40213943,
year = {2025},
author = {Mallett, MC and Thiem, JD and Butler, GL and Carpenter-Bundhoo, L and Kennard, MJ},
title = {Freshwater fish condition responses to hydrological disturbance are species- and scale dependent.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {493-510},
pmid = {40213943},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//NSW Department of Primary Industries/ ; //Australian Society for Fish Biology/ ; //Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Rivers ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Water Movements ; Australia ; Hydrology ; *Carps/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Fresh Water ; },
abstract = {Modification of river flows is a major cause of freshwater fish population declines in many parts of the world. Identifying the precise mechanisms of these declines represents a significant challenge, as a range of stressors can simultaneously impact various components of fish health, fitness and population dynamics. Here we investigate the role of river flows and other biophysical factors on spatio-temporal variation in freshwater fish body condition in Australia's highly modified Murray-Darling Basin using three widely distributed native (Murray cod Maccullochella peelii, golden perch Macquaria ambigua and bony herring Nematalosa erebi) and one introduced (common carp Cyprinus carpio) species. Our aim was to uncover drivers of spatio-temporal variation in fish condition at two spatial extents: at the basin scale, utilising a flow regime disturbance index, and at the river-valley scale, employing individual flow gauge data to assess responses in fish condition to multiple measures of antecedent (365 day) flow. Linear mixed effects modelling revealed that at the basin scale, M. peelii and M. ambigua were in better condition in rivers with lower flow regime disturbance, and temporal trends in the condition of N. erebi, C. carpio and M. peelii reflected boom and bust dynamics related to wet and dry climate periods. At the river-valley scale, mean antecedent daily flow magnitude was significantly positively related to the condition of M. peelii, M. ambigua and C. carpio, whereas the number of high-flow days was negatively related to condition of N. erebi. Our study demonstrates that a simple body condition index calculated from routinely collected length-weight data is sensitive to multiple measures of hydrological disturbance in river systems that experience substantial temporal and spatial variability. We emphasise that studies considering multiple spatial scales are important for understanding complex scale-dependent mechanisms influencing fish condition.},
}
@article {pmid40213489,
year = {2024},
author = {FitzGerald, LI and Hahn, EE and Wallace, M and Stephenson, SA and Berry, OF and Doherty, CM},
title = {Capture and Protection of Environmental DNA in a Metal-Organic Framework.},
journal = {Small science},
volume = {4},
number = {12},
pages = {2400432},
pmid = {40213489},
issn = {2688-4046},
abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) is released by organisms into their surroundings, enabling non-invasive species detection and biodiversity assessments without the need for direct observation. However, collection poses challenges due to the generally low abundance of eDNA and the presence of degradation agents, including enzymes, UV radiation, and microorganisms, rendering samples unstable. Active filtration, which is frequently used to capture eDNA in water, can be time-consuming and cumbersome in field conditions. Herein, a filter-free one-pot procedure for capturing eDNA with the metal-organic framework (MOF), zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8), is examined. The method is evaluated on 15 mL water samples from diverse sources (aquarium, river, and sea). ZIF-8 forms in all with high capture efficiency (>98%) using spiked salmon DNA to represent eDNA. The DNA is resistant to degradation by endonucleases and UV light. In addition, it remains stable over time as a species-specific salmon quantitative polymerase chain reaction detected genomic DNA in all samples captured with the MOF to a maximum of 28 days at 37 °C while the untreated control samples were below the assay detection limit by day 6. These results highlight the efficacy of ZIF-8 capture in overcoming challenges associated with the preservation of eDNA obtained from aquatic environments.},
}
@article {pmid40211767,
year = {2025},
author = {Charbonnel, E and Benoit, L and Nidelet, S and Ortega-Abboud, E and Gschloessl, B and Leblois, R and Ouvrard, D and Chapuis, MP},
title = {Optimization and Evaluation of the bestRAD Sequencing Approach: Towards Ascertainment of the Invasion Routes of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis.},
journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
volume = {25},
number = {8},
pages = {e14114},
pmid = {40211767},
issn = {1755-0998},
support = {ANR-20-CE32-0012//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //Centre de Coop&#xe9;ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D&#xe9;veloppement/ ; //Labex CeMEB (Centre M&#xe9;diterran&#xe9;en de l'Environnement et de la Biodiversit&#xe9;)/ ; //Agence Nationale de S&#xe9;curit&#xe9; Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Tephritidae/genetics/classification ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; *Introduced Species ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; *Genotyping Techniques/methods ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {The bestRAD technique is a reduced genome representation approach with high-capacity sample multiplexing and physical isolation of biotin-labelled target DNA fragments using streptavidin beads, which should reduce total cost and genotyping errors. While we here formalise the relevance of this approach within the HTS landscape, our foremost aim was to improve its replicability, validity, and transparency. We first optimised the molecular laboratory protocol and shared the associated protocols (e.g., final detailed methodologies, quality control, best practices) under the FAIR principles. Using 84 worldwide individual samples of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, a major invasive pest, we revealed a low rate of PCR duplicates, robustness to DNA quality and quantity, high genotype call rate, insignificant genotyping error rate, high nuclear and mitochondrial genome representativeness, and a high level of genetic information. This in-depth data quality assessment, along with total cost and handling time reduced by an estimated one-third relative to the parent RAD-Seq version, demonstrates that bestRAD is an excellent compromise between cost and quality. While we generated high-quality genomic resources for B. dorsalis, we also share details and recommendations for the bestRAD technique that can be readily used in any laboratory and applied to all organisms, even without published genome sequence.},
}
@article {pmid40210947,
year = {2025},
author = {Haubrock, PJ and Soto, I and Cuthbert, RN and Kurtul, I and Briski, E},
title = {Analysing factors underlying the reporting of established non-native species.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {12337},
pmid = {40210947},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Biodiversity ; Europe ; Humans ; Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {A nexus of natural and human variables mediate the success of non-native species that threaten global biodiversity and ecological stability. However, the relative importance and interplays among relevant factors has not been holistically approached. To identify spatial differences and potential connections in relevant natural and human drivers, we analyzed the number of non-native species established in European countries using a newly collated database of established non-native species. We employ a series of broadscale national predictors classified into 'research', 'economy', 'environment &amp; culture', and 'land-use' to predict successful establishment. Our null models, which assume the distribution of non-native species mirrors that of each predictor, accurately predicted non-native species numbers across European countries. However, a few countries were identified as outliers, having significantly over- or underrepresented non-native species numbers based on adjusted quasi-Poisson distribution quantiles. A network analysis of non-native species compositions identified these regions to be central hubs (e.g. Germany, France, and Switzerland), but also highlighted distinct spatial similarities across European countries. Combinations of the predictors 'economy', 'research', and 'environment &amp; culture' explained the largest shares of differences in the number of established non-native species among European countries as well as their reporting rates over time. Individual drivers alone were insufficient to wholly explain national differences, whereas interacting driver categories ultimately accounted for the largest shares of variance. This analysis demonstrates the breadth of predictors that mediate successful establishment, and particularly highlights the relevance of overlooked historical-cultural facets affecting biological invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40210030,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, S and Wan, S and Zhang, X and Wang, X and Guan, L and Ge, Y and Li, Y and Luo, J and Tang, B},
title = {Structure, production and application of spider silks.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {309},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {142939},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142939},
pmid = {40210030},
issn = {1879-0003},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spiders/chemistry ; *Silk/chemistry/biosynthesis ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/biosynthesis ; Tissue Engineering ; Fibroins/chemistry ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Spider silk plays a pivotal role in the diverse physiological activities of spiders, with its protein components exhibiting remarkable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Spider silk proteins exhibit a high degree of repetitiveness, primarily constructed through the recurring arrangement of amino acid motifs, including (A)n, (GA)n, (GGX)n, and (GPGXX)n sequences. These repetitive sequences endow spider silk with different material properties. Recombinant spider silk proteins are produced through heterologous expression systems, and then spun into nanofibers using artificial spinning technology. These fibers have broad potential applications in the biomedical field, such as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery carriers, sutures, and other biomaterials. However, enhancing the yield and performance of recombinant spider silk proteins, while facilitating large-scale production, continues to pose a significant challenge in the current landscape.},
}
@article {pmid40209318,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, Y and Chen, QX},
title = {Ultrastructural and light/dark adaptational characteristics of the compound eyes in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).},
journal = {Arthropod structure &amp; development},
volume = {86},
number = {},
pages = {101449},
doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2025.101449},
pmid = {40209318},
issn = {1873-5495},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/ultrastructure/physiology ; *Compound Eye, Arthropod/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; *Dark Adaptation ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Light ; Larva/ultrastructure/physiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly destructive agricultural pest native to the Americas, becoming a major invasive species worldwide over the past decade. In this study, the ultrastructure of the compound eyes and light/dark adaptational changes in S. frugiperda were investigated using light and transmission as well as scanning electron microscopy. The compound eyes of S. frugiperda are of the superposition type, featuring a clear zone. Each ommatidium contains eight retinula cells, seven of which extend through the clear zone to the basal lamina, while one cell is located near the basal lamina. The clear zone is longer in dark-adapted eyes than in light-adapted eyes. In dark-adapted eyes, the rhabdoms extend through the clear zone, with their distal ends connecting to the crystalline cones. In light-adapted eyes, however, the rhabdoms do not reach the distal region of the clear zone but are instead confined to the proximal level of the clear zone. Although the rhabdom occupation ratio to the retinula remains constant under both light and dark adaptation, the cross-sectional area of the rhabdoms and their associated retinulae is significantly larger under dark adaptation. These ultrastructural and adaptational characteristics were discussed in the context of the moth's activity preferences, particularly its nocturnal behavior.},
}
@article {pmid40209149,
year = {2025},
author = {McKee, SC and DeLay, ND and Mooney, DF and Shwiff, SA},
title = {Externalities in wild pig damages on U.S. crop and livestock farms: The role of landowner actions and landscape heterogeneity.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {e0320316},
pmid = {40209149},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Swine ; *Livestock ; *Crops, Agricultural ; *Farms ; *Animals, Wild ; United States ; *Agriculture ; *Animal Husbandry/economics ; Introduced Species ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Invasive wild pigs can impose significant economic costs on crop and livestock farms. Many factors influence the incidence and intensity of these losses, making efforts to reduce or eradicate these populations complex. While farm and ranch operators may perceive wild pigs as agricultural pests, other landowners often see them as wild game with recreational value. This study investigates the relationship between landowner practices that attract wild pigs and the likelihood of pig presence and damage on farm and ranch operations. It considers the farmers' own actions that attract wildlife, neighboring landowner actions, the heterogeneity of the surrounding landscape, and county-level factors. The findings show a significant and positive associations between neighbors' actions and the probability of wild pig presence and financial losses from wild pig damage. Additionally, increasingly heterogeneous landscapes may further exacerbate this challenge. This research indicates that the choices made by adjacent property owners can undermine the effectiveness of public and private efforts to manage wild pig populations. Conversely, the impacts of wild pig management likely extend beyond specific management areas. Holistic eradication or population control programs should consider these externalities to adequately and efficiently address their impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40205398,
year = {2025},
author = {Hadebe, MI and Manyangadze, T and Kalinda, C and Chimbari, MJ},
title = {Factors contributing to the abundance and spatial distribution of the invasive intermediate host snail (Pseudosuccinea columella) in uMgungundlovu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.},
journal = {BMC veterinary research},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {254},
pmid = {40205398},
issn = {1746-6148},
support = {101000365//European Union/ ; 101000365//European Union/ ; 101000365//European Union/ ; 101000365//European Union/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Snails/physiology/parasitology ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Fascioliasis/veterinary/transmission/epidemiology ; Introduced Species ; Fresh Water/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease commonly affecting cattle, goats, and sheep globally. Lymnaeidae snail species are important in the epidemiology and dispersal of fascioliasis since they are intermediate hosts of the Fasciola spp. Our study mapped at micro-geographical scale, the distribution and abundance of Pseudosuccinea columella in uMgungundlovu district, which is in the northern part of the KwaZulu-Natal province, and measured physicochemical parameters at potential transmission sites. The study examined the impact of physicochemical parameters and presence of other snail species on P.columella abundance and distribution in KwaZulu-Natal's uMgungundlovu district. Data were analyzed using R studio, a negative binomial mixed model, and various statistical tests, including the variance inflation factor and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Overall, 1406 freshwater snails, distributed in 45 sampling sites. Pseudosuccinea columella (569) had a widespread coverage in 34 sites (75.6%) of them but not found at 11 sites. Water pH ranged between 6.60 ± 0.38 and 7.46 ± 0.15, while dissolved oxygen (DO) values varied across the sites. GLM analysis suggested that water pH had an influence on the abundance of P.columella. The intermediate host snail of Fasciola, P. columella is abundant and widely distributed across all the 7 municipalities in the uMgungundlovu district suggesting the need for increased snail monitoring to reduce its invasiveness and livestock productivity losses due to Fasciola infections.},
}
@article {pmid40205192,
year = {2025},
author = {Keskin, A and Doi, K},
title = {Discovery of the potentially invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) in Türkiye: an unexpected finding through citizen science.},
journal = {Experimental &amp; applied acarology},
volume = {94},
number = {3},
pages = {47},
pmid = {40205192},
issn = {1572-9702},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ixodidae/genetics/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology/classification/growth &amp; development ; Female ; Citizen Science ; *Introduced Species ; Male ; Turkey ; *Animal Distribution ; Nymph/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Haemaphysalis longicornis ; },
abstract = {The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, is a species commonly found in Central Asia, East Asia, and Australia, but it has recently emerged in the USA as a significant disease threat. The tick exhibits a fascinating biological trait, as certain populations are capable of reproducing both sexually and asexually via parthenogenesis. As a result, a single asexual female has the potential to initiate the establishment of a new population when introduced into a novel geographical region. Haemaphysalis longicornis is of considerable medical and veterinary importance, being associated with more than 30 human pathogens, including Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Coxiella, Rickettsia, Theileria, and others. It is also a competent vector for the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) in Eastern Asia. The tick can also cause heavy infestations in cattle and transmit the hemoprotozoan parasite Theileria orientalis genotype Ikeda, resulting in significant economic losses within the cattle industry. In the present study, we report the morphological and molecular identification of H. longicornis in the European part of Türkiye. Additionally, we offer hypotheses regarding how H. longicornis ticks may have arrived in Türkiye, potential risks, and the necessary precautions that should be taken.},
}
@article {pmid40201805,
year = {2025},
author = {Etayeb, KS and Elkrew, HM},
title = {First record of common Myna, Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766) in Libya.},
journal = {Open veterinary journal},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {1064-1065},
pmid = {40201805},
issn = {2218-6050},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Libya ; *Starlings ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive or alien species are organisms that exist outside their natural habitat, including plants and animals. They are considered as one of the greatest threats to native biodiversity. The common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) (Linnaeus, 1766) is considered one of the most dangerous invasive or alien species. It is a carnivorous, ferocious, and strong competitor species that can mimic different voices.<br><br>CASE DESCRIPTION: A pair of Mynas was observed in the Ain Zara region in Tripoli on June 19, 2024, among the houses in the area. Some locals confirmed that there is a group gathering in a garbage place near houses in the same area.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The spread of invasive species remains a major threat to native biodiversity, especially the common Myna. However, it poses a threat to birds in Libya if the necessary measures are not taken to control their spread.},
}
@article {pmid40200827,
year = {2025},
author = {Goodman, CM and Buckman, K and Hill, JE and Johnson, SA and Acevedo, MA and Romagosa, CM},
title = {Frogs in a Hurry: Morphological and Physiological Correlates of Inter-Site Movement Success in an Aquatic Invader.},
journal = {Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology},
volume = {343},
number = {6},
pages = {703-713},
doi = {10.1002/jez.2923},
pmid = {40200827},
issn = {2471-5646},
support = {//We would like to thank the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for assisting in funding this study. We would like to thank Craig Watson from the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory for material support and for allowing the use of the facilities used for experiments./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Xenopus/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; Florida ; *Locomotion/physiology ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {Movement is a key driver of population dynamics. Movement ability and propensity often vary among populations and individuals. These differences may be particularly strong in aquatic species, where the ability to move within a site is not necessarily correlated to the ability to move between sites. In periods of range expansion, these differences can lead to non-equilibrium dynamics, whereby more mobile phenotypes arrange themselves spatially. This can be even more pronounced when dispersal success is nonrandom with respect to a heritable trait, thus acting as an agent of selection. This process-dubbed spatial sorting-can be particularly pronounced in non-native species, often hastening the speed of invasion spread. However, before spatial sorting occurring, there must first be individual differences in traits that confer greater movement success. Recently, a high-density breeding and expanding population of the non-native pipid frog, Xenopus tropicalis, in west-central Florida, offering a great opportunity to test whether movement success is predicted by individual differences in morphology or locomotor capacity. To test this, we compared the morphology, maximal exertion capacity, and jumping performance of movers and residents. We found that relative to residents, movers had longer hindlimbs, wider ilia, and traveled for greater time intervals before reaching exhaustion. These results suggest functional morphological and physiological traits are important in determining inter-site movement success.},
}
@article {pmid40199847,
year = {2025},
author = {Fagín, E and Felip, M and Brancelj, A and Masqué, P and Catalan, J},
title = {Parasite sedimentary DNA reveals fish introduction into a European high-mountain lake by the seventh century.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {3081},
pmid = {40199847},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {CGL2016-80124-C2-1-P//Ministerio de Econom&#xed;a y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)/ ; CGL2016-80124-C2-1-P//Ministerio de Econom&#xed;a y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lakes/parasitology ; *Geologic Sediments/parasitology ; *Fishes/parasitology/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Europe ; Phylogeny ; *Introduced Species/history ; DNA, Ancient/analysis ; Kinetoplastida/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Parasites/genetics ; },
abstract = {High-mountain lakes were historically fishless due to natural barriers, but human introductions have led to widespread fish presence. Although particularly intensive during the last decades, historical documents indicate introductions in European high mountains already during the 14th and 15th centuries, but they could have occurred before, provided the intensive land use of the high mountain had started earlier. We used ancient environmental DNA from lake sediments (sedDNA) to investigate this hypothesis. Fish ectoparasites from various clades were identified using the 18S rRNA gene in the sediment record of a deep, high-mountain Pyrenean lake, with Ichthyobodo (Kinetoplastea) being of particular interest due to its consistent occurrence. The study shows a continued presence of fish parasites in the lake since the 7th century, which coincides with the Late-Roman and Visigothic extensive mountain use for sheep pasturing as supported by nearby archeological remains and increased lake primary production evidenced by photosynthetic pigments.},
}
@article {pmid40199063,
year = {2025},
author = {Gálvez-Pastor, E and Sánchez de Pedro, R and García-Sánchez, MJ and Flores-Moya, A and Bañares-España, E},
title = {In vitro negative effects of beach-cast invasive marine seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae across life-stages of a native foundational species.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {107105},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107105},
pmid = {40199063},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {*Seaweed/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Phaeophyceae/physiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; },
abstract = {The exotic invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae (Dictyotales, Ochrophyta) have posed a serious threat to coastal and marine habitats since its appearance in 2015 in the Strait of Gibraltar. This, together with multiple global change stressors, is leading to the disappearance of native foundational seaweeds. Here we explored the potential impacts that decomposing thalli of beach-cast R. okamurae (BCRo) might have on different life-stages of a native foundational seaweed (Ericaria selaginoides, Fucales, Ochrophyta). The in vitro effects of different biomass densities of BCRo and time exposure, in combination with three warming scenarios, were assessed across single- and few-celled stages and adult thalli of the native species. We hypothesized that R. okamurae might interfere in the survival and growth of E. selaginoides either by allelopathic interactions or water acidification, due to low intracellular pH of R. okamurae tissues. Sensitivity of E. selaginoides to the exposure of BCRo was stage- and thermal-dependent and decreased during early ontogenesis. Unfertilized oospheres (female gametes) exposed to BCRo experienced apoptotic-like cell death within less than 180 s, while embryo survival and germination dropped by 50 % and 36 %, respectively. Warming effects were not additive to that of BCRo, since higher growth reductions in 7-d old juveniles of E. selaginoides were detected at lower (20 °C) but not at higher temperatures (28 °C). Adults of E. selaginoides were the less sensitive stage but their growth was up to 7-times lower under BCRo addition. BCRo acidified natural sea water proportionally to the density and incubation time, reaching a pH of 7.2 after 24 h. However, that pH was not limiting for E. selaginoides juveniles and even enhanced their growth, suggesting an alternative chemical effect. This study highlighted the potential and overlooked deleterious effects that some species of beach-cast seaweeds can exert on the highly sensitive early developmental stages of native marine biota.},
}
@article {pmid40196307,
year = {2025},
author = {Brito, C and Mantuano, D and De Toni, KLG and Mantovani, A},
title = {Increasing leaf sizes of the vine Epipremnum aureum (Araceae): photosynthesis and respiration.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19214},
pmid = {40196307},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Photosynthesis/physiology ; *Plant Leaves/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology/growth &amp; development/metabolism/radiation effects ; Light ; Cell Respiration ; },
abstract = {The canopy leaves of allomorphic aroid vines can exceed 2,000 cm[2], up to 30 times larger than respective understorey leaves. In the literature, this allomorphic increase in leaf area of aroid vines was hypothesized to improve its light foraging capacity. The viability of these large leaves depends on carbon acquisition obtained from their larger area and on the respective costs of production, maintenance and support. To evaluate and understand how leaf enlargement affects performance, we analyzed the photosynthesis and respiration of Epipremnum aureum leaves of different sizes via photosynthetic response light curves, morpho-physiology and anatomical parameters. Leaf size was increased by varying growth direction (horizontal vs. vertical) and light conditions (low vs. high). Vertical plants in high light produced leaves 9-13 times larger than those under other conditions. Saturated photosynthetic rates per area were similar across leaves of E. aureum, regardless of size, but respiration rates increased while specific leaf area decreased in larger leaves. This may suggests that larger leaves do not offset their costs per unit area in the short term, despite field observations of continuous enlargement with increased plant size. However, the high light levels able to saturate photosynthesis under field conditions are achieved only by larger leaves of E. aureum positioned at canopies (PPFD around 1,000 µmol m[-2] s[-1]), not occurring at understory where smaller leaves are positioned (PPFD around 100 µmol m[-2] s[-1]). This is confirmed by the higher values of the relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) parameters exhibited by the vertical plants in high light. The saturated photosynthetic rates found here under experimental conditions for the smaller leaves of E. aureum could be related to their high invasive capacities as alien species around the world. We propose that the costs of larger aroid leaves might be outweighed by a strategy that optimizes size, morphophysiology, anatomy, photosynthesis and, lifespan to maximize lifetime carbon gain in tropical forests.},
}
@article {pmid40193603,
year = {2025},
author = {Sotka, EE and Carnegie, RB and Carlton, JT and Couceiro, L and Crooks, JA and Endo, H and Hayford, H and Hori, M and Kamiya, M and Kanaya, G and Kochmann, J and Lee, KS and Lees, L and Miller, H and Nakaoka, M and Pante, E and Ruesink, JL and Schwindt, E and Strand, &#xc5; and Taylor, RB and Terada, R and Thiel, M and Yorisue, T and Zacherl, D and Strand, AE},
title = {The genetic legacy of a global marine invader.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {15},
pages = {e2418730122},
pmid = {40193603},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {OCE-1924599//NSF (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Japan ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Ostreidae/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Bayes Theorem ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {The massive geographic expansion of terrestrial plant crops, livestock, and marine aquacultured species during the 19th and 20th centuries provided local economic benefits, stabilized food demands, and altered local ecosystems. The invasion history of these translocations remains uncertain for most species, limiting our understanding of their future adaptive potential and historical roles as vectors for coinvaded species. We provide a framework for filling this gap in invasion biology using the widely transplanted Pacific oyster as a case study. A two-dimensional summary of population-level variation in single nucleotide polymorphisms in native Japan reflected the geographical map of Japan and allowed identification of the source regions for the worldwide expansion. Pacific oysters proliferate in nonnative areas with environmental temperatures similar to those areas where native lineages evolved. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation, we ranked the likelihood of historical oyster or shipping vectors to explain current-day distribution of genotypes in 14 coinvaded algal and animal species. Oyster transplants were a more likely vector than shipping for six species, shipping activity was more likely for five species, and a vector was ambiguous for three species. Applying this approach to other translocated species should reveal similar legacy effects, especially for economically important foundation species that also served as vectors for nonnative species.},
}
@article {pmid40190797,
year = {2025},
author = {Tang, S and Xing, Y and Geletu, TT and Zhao, J},
title = {Trophic Plasticity of the Invasive Redbelly Tilapia (Coptodon zillii) in China Inferred From DNA Metabarcoding Analysis.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e71118},
pmid = {40190797},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The redbelly tilapia (Coptodon zillii) is one of the most dangerous invasive alien fishes in the world. In order to better understand the feeding patterns of invasive populations in different habitats and seasons, and to reveal the possible force of differences in dietary composition among populations, we used DNA metabarcoding technology to analyze the dietary composition of 23 specimens from five different water bodies (two rivers and three reservoirs) in southern China, and 60 specimens from Shuikou Reservoir in four seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter). The results showed that samples from five different water bodies and four seasons in Shuikou Reservoir were annotated to a total of 22 and 37 phyla of food categories, respectively. Generalist trophic strategies were dominant in C. zillii populations. There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the diet composition, with higher levels of trophic diversity in riverine populations. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were important environmental factors driving changes in prey taxa of populations from different habitats. The dietary composition of populations in Shuikou Reservoir showed significant seasonal heterogeneity, with summer being the season with the highest level of trophic diversity. Total nitrogen, turbidity degree, pH, and permanganate index were the important environmental factors driving the prey taxa changes of populations in different seasons of Shuikou Reservoir. Our results indicated that C. zillii are omnivorous; they have a wide range of recipes in both rivers and reservoirs in southern China, and show high trophic plasticity in different habitats and at different seasons of the year.},
}
@article {pmid40188220,
year = {2025},
author = {Bylak, A and Bobiec, A and Bobiec, M and Kukuła, K and Low, T},
title = {Early warning of two emerging plant invaders in Europe.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {11666},
pmid = {40188220},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {ZEOS/UPB/2022-2024 funds//Polish Ministry of Education and Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Poaceae/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Europe ; Ecosystem ; Poland ; },
abstract = {The pool of invasive ornamental plants keeps expanding, and one of the best studied plant invasion habitats is the riparian zone. Europe has no native Miscanthus spp. or bamboos, which are popular garden plants. In 2022-2024 we observed Bisset bamboo (Phyllostachys bissetii) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) naturalizing in the riparian zones of two rivers of the Vistula River basin (Poland). Bisset bamboo has not been recorded before in the wild in Europe and giant miscanthus has not been reported before as naturalized in Europe. We describe their present habitats and invasive potential, to alert others to the prospect of spread in Europe. Examples from other parts of world indicate that Phyllostachys spp. invasive running bamboo has a tendency to spread aggressively. Because we only located single plants our species qualify as 'casuals', but we mention them out of a concern that these species are establishing more widely or will soon do so. Our observations fit an "accelerated trend" in exotic plant invasion in Europe, in particular, of escaped ornamental plants. Based on information about the ecology of both species, their popularity in horticulture, and our observations, we speculate that giant miscanthus and Bisset bamboo may become new European plant invaders. Both species should be mechanically removed. There is an urgent need to raise awareness among gardeners, hobbyists, plant sellers and importers, about environmental risk from spread of invasive plants. It is concerning that seedlings and seeds of other species of the genera Miscanthus and Phyllostachys, which have naturalised in several European countries, are available in horticulture. Bioinvasion is easier to control if there is early detection and a rapid response.},
}
@article {pmid40188159,
year = {2025},
author = {Snead, AA and Meng, F and Largotta, N and Winchell, KM and Levine, BA},
title = {Diploid chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation for Lycorma delicatula.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {579},
pmid = {40188159},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {2312129//NSF | BIO | Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI)/ ; 2305939//NSF | BIO | Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome, Insect ; *Hemiptera/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Diploidy ; *Chromosomes, Insect ; },
abstract = {The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) is a planthopper species (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) native to China but invasive in South Korea, Japan, and the United States where it is a significant threat to agriculture. Genomic resources are critical to both management of this species and understanding the genomic characteristics of successful invaders. We report an annotated, haplotype-phased, chromosome-level genome assembly for the spotted lanternfly using PacBio long-read sequencing, Hi-C technology, and RNA-seq. The 2.2 Gbp genome comprises 13 chromosomes, and whole genome resequencing of eighty-two adults indicated chromosome four as the sex chromosome and a corresponding XO sex-determination system. We identified over 12,000 protein-coding genes and performed functional annotation, facilitating the identification of candidate genes that may hold importance for spotted lanternfly control. The assemblies and annotations were highly complete with over 96% of BUSCO genes complete regardless of the database (i.e., Eukaryota, Arthropoda, Insecta). This reference-quality genome will serve as an important resource for development and optimization of management practices for the spotted lanternfly and invasive species genomics as a whole.},
}
@article {pmid40186973,
year = {2025},
author = {Hsu, CJ and Kuo, IL and Hsi, HC and Lam, SS and Huang, YP and Ting, YC},
title = {Single-step pyrolytic synthesis of ultra-microporous ammonialized biochar for carbon dioxide capture.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {381},
number = {},
pages = {125197},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125197},
pmid = {40186973},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; *Charcoal/chemistry ; Adsorption ; Pyrolysis ; Porosity ; Biomass ; },
abstract = {Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a significant greenhouse gas that plays a pivotal role in driving global warming and climate change. Its primary sources stem from human activities, notably transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. Directly capturing CO2 emissions at their origins is widely recognized as a potent and efficient approach to reducing emissions. Biochar has emerged as a promising material for capturing CO2 owing to its stability, hydrophobic nature, ease of preparation, and economic advantages. Nevertheless, its ability to adsorb CO2 is constrained in environments with relatively low pressure (<1 bar). Consequently, modifying and refining biochar is a strategy to enhance its affinity for CO2. In this work, Leucaena leucocephala, a major invasive species in Asia, was selected as the biomass precursor, and a single synthesis process combining pyrolysis and ammonialization was employed to produce the ammonialized biochar (ABC). Among the synthesized biochars, ABC800 (produced at 800 °C) exhibits desirable surface properties with high surface area (SBET = 836.5 m[2]/g), microporosity (Smicro = 753.3 m[2]/g), and ultra-microporosity (Sultra-micro = 376.9 m[2]/g). In addition, ABC800 demonstrates superior CO2 adsorption capacity (4.06 mmol/g at 0 °C). Isothermal and kinetic results show that ABC800's CO2 adsorption follows the Langmuir-Freundlich and pseudo-second-order (PSO) equations, indicating both physical and chemical interactions. The correlation between adsorption performance, pore structure, and nitrogen content highlights the potential of ABC800 for CO2 capture, particularly at elevated temperatures. Overall, this work offers new insights into a potentially sustainable approach for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.},
}
@article {pmid40186595,
year = {2025},
author = {Pérez, J and Boyero, L and Pearson, RG and Gessner, MO and Tonin, A and López-Rojo, N and Rubio-Ríos, J and Correa-Araneda, F and Alonso, A and Cornejo, A and Albariño, RJ and Anbalagan, S and Barmuta, LA and Boulton, AJ and Burdon, FJ and Caliman, A and Callisto, M and Campbell, IC and Cardinale, BJ and Carneiro, LS and Casas, JJ and Chará-Serna, AM and Chauvet, E and Colón-Gaud, C and Davis, AM and de Eyto, E and Degebrodt, M and Díaz, ME and Douglas, MM and Encalada, AC and Figueroa, R and Flecker, AS and Fleituch, T and Frainer, A and García, EA and García, G and García, PE and Giller, PS and Gómez, JE and Gonçalves, JF and Graça, MAS and Hall, RO and Hamada, N and Hepp, LU and Hui, C and Imazawa, D and Iwata, T and Junior, ESA and Landeira-Dabarca, A and Leal, M and Lehosmaa, K and M'Erimba, CM and Marchant, R and Martins, RT and Masese, FO and Maul, M and McKie, BG and Medeiros, AO and Middleton, JA and Muotka, T and Negishi, JN and Ramírez, A and Rezende, RS and Richardson, JS and Rincón, J and Serrano, C and Shaffer, AR and Sheldon, F and Swan, CM and Tenkiano, NSD and Tiegs, SD and Tolod, JR and Vernasky, M and Wanderi, EW and Watson, A and Yule, CM},
title = {Positive Feedback on Climate Warming by Stream Microbial Decomposers Indicated by a Global Space-For-Time Substitution Study.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {e70171},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70171},
pmid = {40186595},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {UAL18-RNM-B006-B//2014-2020 Operational Programme FEDER Andalusia/ ; IT951-16//Eusko Jaurlaritza/ ; IT1471-22//Eusko Jaurlaritza/ ; UIDB/04292/2020//Funda &#xe7; &#xe3;o para a Ci &#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia, Portugal/ ; //UAL-HIPATIA/ ; },
mesh = {*Rivers/microbiology ; *Climate Change ; Temperature ; *Global Warming ; Plants/metabolism ; Carbon Cycle ; },
abstract = {Decomposition of plant litter is a key ecological process in streams, whose contribution to the global carbon cycle is large relative to their extent on Earth. We examined the mechanisms underlying the temperature sensitivity (TS) of instream decomposition and forecast effects of climate warming on this process. Comparing data from 41 globally distributed sites, we assessed the TS of microbial and total decomposition using litter of nine plant species combined in six mixtures. Microbial decomposition conformed to the metabolic theory of ecology and its TS was consistently higher than that of total decomposition, which was higher than found previously. Litter quality influenced the difference between microbial and total decomposition, with total decomposition of more recalcitrant litter being more sensitive to temperature. Our projections suggest that (i) warming will enhance the microbial contribution to decomposition, increasing CO2 outgassing and intensifying the warming trend, especially in colder regions; and (ii) riparian species composition will have a major influence on this process.},
}
@article {pmid40186544,
year = {2025},
author = {Vieira, C and Kang, JC and Daudinet, M and Akita, S and Kim, MS},
title = {Critical taxonomic revision of Korean Dictyoteae describing three new species and honoring Haenyeo culture.},
journal = {Journal of phycology},
volume = {61},
number = {2},
pages = {353-378},
pmid = {40186544},
issn = {1529-8817},
support = {2019R1A6A1A10072987//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; 2020R1I1A2069706//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; RS-2023-00247213//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {Phylogeny ; Republic of Korea ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Phaeophyceae/classification ; },
abstract = {This study re-evaluates the species diversity and taxonomy of the genera Canistrocarpus, Dictyota, and Rugulopteryx in Korea using an integrative approach combining molecular data and morphological observations. Phylogenetic analyses based on psbA, cox1, and rbcL gene sequences identified nine lineages including eight Dictyota and one Rugulopteryx. Morphological assessments corroborated these molecular findings. Of the seven species listed in recent national checklists, only two were confirmed, while the remaining species were misidentifications. Three novel species are described: Dictyota haenyeosa sp. nov., Dictyota sumbisoria sp. nov., and Dictyota taewakia sp. nov. Additionally, molecular evidence confirmed that the species historically identified as D. dichotoma in Korea corresponds to D. spathulata, a species described from Japan. This revision of Dictyota taxonomy highlights the importance of molecular tools in resolving long-standing misidentifications. The updated checklist for Korean Dictyota and Rugulopteryx includes D. bartayresiana, D. coriacea, D. haenyeosa sp. nov., D. pfaffii, D. spathulata, D. sumbisoria sp. nov., D. taewakia sp. nov., and R. okamurae. The genus Canistrocarpus is absent from the Korean flora. The Korean Dictyota and Rugulopteryx flora is predominantly endemic to the Eastern Asian region (Korea and Japan), with species such as D. coriacea, D. haenyeosa sp. nov., D. spathulata, D. sumbisoria sp. nov., D. taewakia sp. nov., and R. okamurae. Exceptions include the widely distributed, potentially introduced species D. pfaffii and D. bartayresiana, both originally described from the Caribbean. Rugulopteryx okamurae, while endemic to Korea and Japan, has also been introduced to the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions over the past two decades.},
}
@article {pmid40184214,
year = {2025},
author = {Martin, AJF and Olson, LG and Ngan, A and Conway, TM},
title = {A bioeconomic analysis of objective-based management options for late-stage emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infestations.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {3},
pages = {1307-1319},
pmid = {40184214},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Fraxinus/growth &amp; development ; *Insect Control/economics/methods ; Ontario ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; },
abstract = {Following its North American introduction, the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (EAB) has devastated ash populations (Fraxinus Linnaeus) (Oleaceae), largely extirpating the genus from infested regions. Previous cost-benefit analyses of EAB management options, including insecticidal injections, preemptive removals, and replanting, have examined early-stage infestations. This study tests options for late-stage EAB management based on ecological and economic objectives. We parameterized management decisions to evaluate tree counts, basal area, and urban forest value under 7 management options, varying if and when ash trees were injected, removed, and replanted with non-ash species. The simulation is applied to the remaining ash population in Mississauga, Ontario where tree coring and annual assessments determined that injected trees have reduced growth rates and are declining in condition. The results demonstrate that injections help preserve the ash population, maximize basal area, minimize spikes in annual costs, and reduce cumulative costs earlier in the 20-yr study period. However, long-term cost reduction is achieved through ceasing injections and removing ash as they die from EAB. Maintaining tree counts and maximizing net value is achieved through proactive replanting and winding down basal injections, coupled with a slow rate of removal, ultimately bringing the SLow Ash Mortality approach to a close.},
}
@article {pmid40183202,
year = {2025},
author = {Soppitt, H and Meehan, C and Culloty, SC and Lynch, SA},
title = {Role of native and invasive non-native marine invertebrate species as carriers for pathogens Vibrio spp. and ostreid herpesvirus-1 µVar.},
journal = {Diseases of aquatic organisms},
volume = {162},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.3354/dao03844},
pmid = {40183202},
issn = {0177-5103},
mesh = {Animals ; *Vibrio/isolation &amp; purification ; *DNA Viruses/isolation &amp; purification ; *Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates/microbiology/virology ; *Mollusca/microbiology ; *Aquatic Organisms/microbiology/virology ; },
abstract = {Invasive non-native species (INNS) are expanding their geographic range due to climate change, maritime traffic (primary route) and aquaculture (secondary route), resulting in the potential spread of microbes associated with them. Few studies have investigated the INNS-pathogen phenomenon. In this study, marine invertebrate species (native and INNS) were sampled monthly over 3 mo and screened by PCR for the ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant (OsHV-1 μVar) and Vibrio bacteria. Both pathogens are negatively associated with bivalve aquaculture. Sample sites included a shipping port, an oyster farm, a marsh nature reserve and a riverine site. Crustacea, Mollusca, Polychaeta, Tunicata and Porifera were sampled. Vibrio spp. were detected in 54.3% (n = 319/588) across all taxa and sample sites. The first detection of V. salmonicida associated with Atlantic salmon Salmo salar was detected in the INNS beaked barnacle Austrominius modestus. OsHV-1 μVar (7.7%, 45/588) was detected in Crustacea, Mollusca and Polychaeta at non-culture sites and in mussels Mytilus spp. at a much lower temperature (average sea surface temperature, SST, 11.25°C) than previously recorded. The shipping port had the highest Vibrio diversity and OsHV-1 μVar detection. Over half (51.1%) of 'recently dead' shore crabs Carcinus maenas had either pathogen detected compared to 29.4% of living crabs. OsHV-1 μVar detection was significantly higher in dead crabs (24.4%) compared to living crabs (5.9%). Findings from this study contribute a better understanding of the role of estuarine native and INNS as vectors/carriers of pathogens and of how the spread of INNS might facilitate the spread of pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid40181775,
year = {2025},
author = {Densmore, CL and Hendrix, M and Reichley, SR and Raines, CD and Bressman, NR and Crum, ZS and Khoo, LH and Waldbieser, GC and Griffin, MJ and Welch, TJ and Iwanowicz, LR},
title = {Identical sequence types of Yersinia ruckeri associated with lethal disease in wild-caught invasive Blue Catfish and cultured hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish ♀ × Blue Catfish ♂) from disparate aquatic ecosystems.},
journal = {Journal of aquatic animal health},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {21-33},
doi = {10.1093/jahafs/vsae004},
pmid = {40181775},
issn = {1548-8667},
support = {//U.S. Geological Survey Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research/ ; #6066-31320-006-000-D//U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fish Diseases/microbiology/mortality ; *Ictaluridae ; *Yersinia ruckeri/genetics/classification ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Introduced Species ; Mississippi ; Aquaculture ; *Catfishes ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus is commonly raised in warmwater aquaculture in the United States to produce Channel Catfish I. punctatus × Blue Catfish hybrids. It is also a prominent aquatic invasive species of concern in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Here, Yersina ruckeri was isolated from moribund Blue Catfish and hybrid catfish from disparate regions of the USA. The goal of the research here was to compare these Y. ruckeri strains to each other and other known strains for which adequate sequence data was available. In addition, we sought to determine if the strain from Blue Catfish was pathogenic to Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.<br><br>METHODS: Moribund hybrid catfish from culture ponds in Mississippi were processed for diagnostic evaluation in March 2016. In April 2022, a moribund Blue Catfish specimen was collected from a tributary of the Nanticoke River in Maryland. Bacterial isolates were identified and characterized using biochemical tests, antimicrobial sensitivity screening, serotyping, and complete or partial genome sequencing. Disease pathology was described via histology. The isolate from Blue Catfish was used in challenge experiments to determine if it was pathogenic to Rainbow Trout. Multilocus sequencing typing was conducted using the PubMLST database.<br><br>RESULTS: Biochemical testing was consistent with Y. ruckeri. A draft genome of the Y. ruckeri isolate was assembled based on Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing and identified a single genomic replicon (3,791,418 bp) consistent in size to other Y. ruckeri genomes and a pLT plasmid (60, 933 bp). The challenge study demonstrated no significant virulence of this isolate for Rainbow Trout (Y. ruckeri). This isolate was most similar to other strains isolated from ictalurids. Notably, the gyrase B gene from this isolate was identical to that of archived strains isolated from moribund Mississippi hybrid catfish aquaculture during 2016 and these isolates share identical PubMLST sequence type profiles. Similarly, they shared a pLT plasmid that differed by only 6 bp. This plasmid has never been reported from trout isolates and appears to be unique to ictalurids.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Analyses here provide preliminary genetic evidence that geographically distant (Maryland and Mississippi, USA) isolates of Y. ruckeri from ictalurids are genetically similar to each other and Y. ruckeri (strain SC09) that infects ictalurids in China. This strain is not a biothreat to Rainbow Trout at typical culture temperatures.},
}
@article {pmid40181735,
year = {2025},
author = {Kent, TV and Schrider, DR and Matute, DR},
title = {Demographic History, Genetic Load, and the Efficacy of Selection in the Globally Invasive Mosquito Aedes aegypti.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40181735},
issn = {1759-6653},
support = {R35 GM138286/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM148244/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R35GM138286/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; *Genetic Load ; Gene Flow ; Africa ; Genome, Insect ; South America ; North America ; },
abstract = {Aedes aegypti is the main vector species of yellow fever, dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. The species is originally from Africa but has experienced a spectacular expansion in its geographic range to a large swath of the world, and the demographic effects of which have remained largely understudied. In this report, we examine whole-genome sequences from six countries in Africa, North America, and South America to investigate the demographic history of the spread of A. aegypti into the Americas and its impact on genomic diversity and deleterious genetic load. In the Americas, we observe patterns of strong population structure consistent with relatively low (but probably nonzero) levels of gene flow but occasional long-range dispersal and/or recolonization events. We also find evidence that the colonization of the Americas has resulted in introduction bottlenecks. However, while each sampling location shows evidence of a past population contraction and subsequent recovery, our results suggest that the bottlenecks in America have led to a reduction in genetic diversity of only ∼35% relative to African populations, and the American samples have retained high levels of genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity of ∼0.02 at synonymous sites). We additionally find that American populations of aegypti have experienced only a minor reduction in the efficacy of selection, with evidence for both an accumulation of deleterious alleles and some purging of strongly deleterious alleles. These results exemplify how an invasive species can expand its range with remarkable genetic resilience in the face of strong eradication pressure.},
}
@article {pmid40179750,
year = {2025},
author = {Mayen, J and Laplace-Treyture, C and Bertrin, V and Anschutz, P and Moreira, S and Charbonnier, C and Ribaudo, C},
title = {Invasive primary producers modulate carbon fluxes and associated carbon budgets in temperate shallow lakes.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {975},
number = {},
pages = {179282},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179282},
pmid = {40179750},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Lakes/chemistry ; *Carbon Cycle ; Eutrophication ; Cyanobacteria ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Introduced Species ; *Carbon/analysis ; },
abstract = {Lowland shallow lakes are the receiving environments of nutrients and organic carbon from the catchment area. In temperate areas, the synergic action of nutrients and mild temperatures induce carbon emissions from these systems. However, this trend might be modulated by the trophic state of lakes and by their productivity. In this study, we consider blooms of invasive submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and cyanobacteria as a valuable proxy for eutrophication and explore their role in carbon pools and associated budgets in temperate shallow lakes. We calculated the mass carbon budget of two large shallow lakes, characterized by different trophic states and colonized by varying degrees of invasive SAV and cyanobacteria, basing on annual carbon pools (input, output, gas exchange, burial) and aquatic metabolism. The oligo-mesotrophic lake behaved as an annual CO2 and CH4 source toward the atmosphere (81.2 ± 14.8 g C m[-2] yr[-1]), mainly due to dominant benthic heterotrophic metabolism, whereas the mesotrophic lake behaved as an annual sink (-6.7 ± 9.7 g C m[-2] yr[-1]), mainly because of a much higher net carbon uptake by invasive SAV and cyanobacteria. In the mesotrophic lake, the fast-growing metabolism of the invasive primary producers also resulted in a strong buffer capacity with respect to the carbon export from the lake. Our study highlights the major role played by the littoral lacustrine zones in the control of regional/global carbon cycle, especially in densely vegetated systems. We suggest that the interplay between eutrophication and biological invasions can switch lakes from carbon source to sink.},
}
@article {pmid40179198,
year = {2025},
author = {Cooke, R and Outhwaite, CL and Bladon, AJ and Millard, J and Rodger, JG and Dong, Z and Dyer, EE and Edney, S and Murphy, JF and Dicks, LV and Hui, C and Jones, JI and Newbold, T and Purvis, A and Roy, HE and Woodcock, BA and Isaac, NJB},
title = {Integrating multiple evidence streams to understand insect biodiversity change.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {388},
number = {6742},
pages = {eadq2110},
doi = {10.1126/science.adq2110},
pmid = {40179198},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; Animals ; *Insecta ; Anthropogenic Effects ; },
abstract = {Insects dominate animal species diversity yet face many threats from anthropogenic drivers of change. Many features of insect ecology make them a challenging group, and the fragmented state of knowledge compromises our ability to make general statements about their status. In this Review, we discuss the challenges of assessing insect biodiversity change. We describe how multiple lines of evidence-time series, spatial comparisons, experiments, and expert opinion-can be integrated to provide a synthesis overview of how insect biodiversity responds to drivers. Applying this approach will generate testable predictions of insect biodiversity across space, time, and changing drivers. Given the urgency of accelerating human impacts across the environment, this approach could yield a much-needed rapid assessment of insect biodiversity change.},
}
@article {pmid40178287,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodrigues, AC and Granzotti, RV and Dos Santos, NCL and Agostinho, AA and Gomes, LC},
title = {Non-Native Species Abundance Decreases the Co-Occurrence Between Native and Non-Native Species Through Time at Any Phylogenetic Distance.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {e70107},
pmid = {40178287},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {141154/2018-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; *Introduced Species ; *Fishes/physiology/genetics/classification ; Brazil ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Non-native species may cause cumulative impacts on native communities if their abundance continues to increase through time. This negative effect can reflect on the spatial distribution of native species, especially when native and non-native species are phylogenetically similar. Here, we assessed the spatial co-occurrence between native and non-native fish species using long-term abundance data from six locations in a Brazilian floodplain. We tested whether the co-occurrence of native and non-native species is influenced by non-native species abundance and time since first record, and whether the abundance effect is mediated by the phylogenetic relatedness between native and non-native species. We found that non-native abundance was more influential than the time since first record and co-occurrence between native and non-native species was lower when the non-native abundance was high, regardless of phylogenetic relatedness. The interannual variability in non-native species abundance may overshadow long-term trends in determining the temporal effects of non-native species.},
}
@article {pmid40178128,
year = {2025},
author = {Bresciani, L and Custer, GF and Koslicki, D and Dini-Andreote, F},
title = {Interplay of ecological processes modulates microbial community reassembly following coalescence.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {40178128},
issn = {1751-7370},
support = {PEN04908//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Microbial community coalescence refers to the mixing of entire microbial communities and their environments. Despite conceptually analogous to a multispecies invasion, the ecological processes driving this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Here, we developed and implemented a beta-diversity-based statistical framework to quantify the contribution of distinct donor communities to community reassembly dynamics over time following coalescence. We conducted a microcosm experiment with soils manipulated at varying levels of community structure (via dilution-to-extinction) and subjected these to pairwise coalescence scenarios. Overall, our results revealed variable patterns of abiotic and biotic donor dominance across distinct treatment sets. First, we show the occasional presence of an upfront stringent abiotic filter to disproportionally favor a donor biotic dominance through a "home-field advantage" mechanism, with abiotic factors explaining >90% of the variance in community structure. Functional community metrics (i.e. carbon metabolism and extracellular enzymatic activities) were significantly linked to donor contributions in these cases. Second, in the absence of abiotic dominance, interspecific interactions gained importance, with abiotic variables explaining <40% of the variance. Here, functional redundancy in donor communities (e.g. lower dilution) led to nonsignificant relationships between donor contributions and functional metrics. Collectively, this study advances the integration of coalescence with well-established fundamentals of invasion biology theory, highlighting the interplay of abiotic and biotic factors structuring community reassembly following coalescence. Last, we propose that our beta-diversity-based framework is widely applicable across various microbial systems. We believe this approach will promote research advances by offering a unified method for analyzing and quantifying coalescence.},
}
@article {pmid40177696,
year = {2025},
author = {Thompson, BK and Olden, JD and Converse, SJ},
title = {Balancing Monitoring and Management in the Adaptive Management of an Invasive Species.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e71176},
pmid = {40177696},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Efficient allocation of managers' limited resources is necessary to effectively control invasive species, but determining how to allocate effort between monitoring and management over space and time remains a challenge. In an adaptive management context, monitoring data are key for gaining knowledge and iteratively improving management, but monitoring costs money. Community science or other opportunistic monitoring data present an opportunity for managers to gain critical knowledge without a substantial reduction in management funds. We designed a management strategy evaluation to investigate optimal spatial allocation of resources to monitoring and management, while also exploring the potential for community science data to improve decision-making, using adaptive management of invasive flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) in the Columbia River, USA, as a case study. We evaluated management and monitoring alternatives under two invasion conditions, a well-established invasion and an emerging invasion, for both risk-neutral and risk-averse decision makers. Simulations revealed that regardless of invasion condition or managers' risk tolerance, allocating effort outward from the estimated center of invasion (Epicenter prioritization) resulted in the lowest overall level of infestation at the end of management. This allocation outperformed alternatives in which management occurred in fixed areas (Linear prioritization) and alternatives that targeted patchily distributed areas with the highest estimated infestation level of the invasive species (High invasion prioritization). Additionally, management outcomes improved when more resources were allocated toward removal effort than monitoring effort, and the addition of community science data improved outcomes only under certain scenarios. Finally, actions that led to the best outcomes often did not produce the most accurate and precise estimates of parameters describing system function, emphasizing the importance of using value of information principles to guide monitoring. Our adaptive management approach is adaptable to many invasive species management contexts in which ongoing monitoring allows management strategies to be updated over time.},
}
@article {pmid40177695,
year = {2025},
author = {Osunkoya, OO and Ahmadi, M and Perrett, C and Calvert, M and Shi, B and Csurhes, S and Shabani, F},
title = {Climate-Induced Range Shift and Risk Assessment of Emerging Weeds in Queensland, Australia.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e71043},
pmid = {40177695},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Anticipation and identification of new invasive alien species likely to establish, spread and be impactful in a landscape, especially in response to climate change, are consistently a top priority of natural resource managers. Using available global bioclimatic variables limiting plant distributions, we employed maximum entropy (MaxEnt) as a correlative species distribution model to predict the current and future (2041-2060 and 2061-2080) distribution for 54 emerging weed species of different growth forms for the State of Queensland, Australia. Overall, the model predictive performance was excellent, with area under the curve (AUC) and the true skill statistic (TSS) averaging 0.90 and 0.67, respectively. Based on distribution records, the emerging weed species sorted out along environmental (climatic) space-with trees and succulents, each at the two ends of the continuum, while grasses, herbs and shrubs were distributed between the two extremes. Temperature seasonality and minimum temperature of the coldest month were the main driver variables that accounted for differences in climatic preference among the focal species and/or plant growth forms. Range shifts were predicted for many species in response to climate change; overall, habitat range increase will occur more often than range contraction and especially more so in trees compared to all other plant growth forms. Range stability was least in succulent weeds. In general, under climate change, the majority of the invasion hotspot area was projected to remain geographically stable (76.95%). Far northern Queensland (especially the Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York Peninsula areas) and the coastal communities along the eastern seaboards of the State are the hotspots for emerging invasive alien species to establish and expand/contract in response to climate change. Based on observed and potential ranges, as well as species response to climate change, we derived an index of risk and hence statewide prioritisation watch list for management and policy of the emerging weeds of Queensland.},
}
@article {pmid40175583,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, W and Yao, MS and Lu, CH and Li, HJ and Chen, WL},
title = {Cold hardiness of Corythucha marmorata (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on the functional crop Helianthus tuberosus.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {11287},
pmid = {40175583},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {20182362//The Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department Program/ ; GZUCX0456//The Guizhou University Postgraduate Innovation Fund Program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Helianthus/parasitology ; Female ; Male ; *Cold Temperature ; *Crops, Agricultural/parasitology ; *Heteroptera/physiology ; Seasons ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; },
abstract = {The invasive phytophagous lace bug, Corythucha marmorata, threatens the functional food crop Helianthus tuberosus, but its overwintering ecology on this plant is poorly understood. This study evaluated the cold hardiness of C. marmorata at various life stages, focusing on the differences between female and male adults. C. marmorata overwinter as adults on H. tuberosus, based on a four-year winter field investigation. The supercooling and equilibrium freezing points of C. marmorata decline with development. Female adults showed the greatest supercooling capacity. The lower lethal temperature (female - 15 °C, male - 16 °C) is above the supercooling point (- 26 °C). The low temperature exposure mortality of C. marmorata female and male adults exhibited different regularities. We conclude that C. marmorata belongs to chill susceptible insects. October to February is the most recommended period for C. marmorata control by harvesting H. tuberosus. Weed removal, such as Erigeron bonariensis, Erigeron canadensis, and Ambrosia trifida, is an early control measure. These results enhance our understanding of C. marmorata's cold tolerance and inform targeted pest management strategies for H. tuberosus crops.},
}
@article {pmid40175388,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, F and Du, L and Li, T and Liu, B and Guo, J and Zhang, G and Zhang, Y and Liu, W and Pan, Y and Zhang, Y and Wang, H and Li, R and Song, W and Wan, F},
title = {Chromosome-level genome assembly of the crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {560},
pmid = {40175388},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Genome, Plant ; *Chromosomes, Plant ; *Ageratina/genetics ; *Plant Weeds/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; },
abstract = {Crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora), a significant invasive species, extensively disrupts ecosystem stability, leading to considerable economic losses. However, genetic insights into its invasive mechanisms have been limited by a lack of genomic data. In this study, we present the successful de novo assembly of the triploid genome of A. adenophora, leveraging long-read PacBio Sequel, optical mapping, and Hi-C sequencing. Our assembly resolved into a haplotype-resolved genome comprising 51 chromosomes, with a total size of ~3.82 Gb and a scaffold N50 of 70.8 Mb. BUSCO analysis confirmed the completeness of 97.71% of genes. Genome annotation revealed 3.16 Gb (76.44%) of repetitive sequences and predicted 123,134 protein-coding genes, with 99.03% functionally annotated. The high-quality reference genome will provide valuable genomic resources for future studies on the evolutionary dynamics and invasive adaptations of A. adenophora.},
}
@article {pmid40174742,
year = {2025},
author = {Gabetti, A and Nocita, A and Maganza, A and Mossotto, C and Anselmi, S and Bentivoglio, T and Esposito, G and Bozzetta, E and Elia, AC and Renzi, M and Prearo, M and Barceló, D and Pastorino, P},
title = {Unveiling microplastic pollution: Evaluating the role of Sinotaia quadrata (Caenogastropoda, Viviparidae) as a monitoring tool in freshwater ecosystems.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {276},
number = {},
pages = {121513},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.121513},
pmid = {40174742},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {*Microplastics/analysis/toxicity ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Snails/physiology ; Fresh Water/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring/methods ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/toxicity ; Animals ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Freshwater species play a key role in monitoring microplastics (MPs) pollution, providing insights into its distribution, accumulation, and potential ecological and human health risks in aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluates the invasive snail Sinotaia quadrata as a potential tool for monitoring MPs pollution in freshwater ecosystems heavily impacted by human activities. Specifically, we examined whether the characteristics of MPs (i.e., shape, color, and chemical composition) found in water and sediment were reflected in those accumulated by S. quadrata, and whether MPs accumulation varied across different snail size classes. MPs were detected in all environmental matrices and snail samples, with fragments and filaments as the dominant shapes, blue, white, and black as the most common colors, and polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate as the primary polymers. A significant difference in MPs concentration per gram was found across snail size classes, with smaller snails accumulating more MPs than larger individuals, likely due to higher feeding rates during growth. A positive correlation was observed between snail shell length and weight, while MPs concentration per gram showed significant negative correlations with both parameters. These findings suggest that S. quadrata accumulates MPs from the environment, reflecting local contamination levels. While S. quadrata is an invasive species, this study demonstrates its potential utility in MPs monitoring, particularly in the context of eradication efforts. This approach integrates pollution assessment with invasive species management, offering a broader perspective on the role of biological invasions in environmental monitoring.},
}
@article {pmid40174067,
year = {2025},
author = {Pasinatto, K and Bochini, GL and Almeida, AO and Terossi, M},
title = {Larval data suggest a species complex in Athanas dimorphus Ortmann, 1894 (Decapoda: Alpheidae): Description of the zoea I from Western Atlantic and larval review of Athanas Leach, 1814.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5584},
number = {3},
pages = {409-420},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.6},
pmid = {40174067},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/anatomy &amp; histology/classification/growth &amp; development ; Female ; Animal Distribution ; Male ; *Decapoda/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Animal Structures/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology ; Brazil ; Body Size ; Organ Size ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The shrimp Athanas dimorphus is considered an alien species in Western Atlantic. Larval morphology is known from the Indian Ocean, but it has been suggested that the species could actually be a species complex. Our aim was to describe the first zoeal stage of A. dimorphus from Brazil, review the larval morphology of Athanas and document inter- and intraspecific morphological variability within the genus and its taxonomic implications. Our descriptions and illustrations were based on larvae hatched in the laboratory from two females sampled in Pernambuco, which were compared to larval descriptions from the literature review. Morphological variations were found among first stage zoeas of this species from four localities (Brazil, Egypt, India and Pakistan), mainly in relation to segments, setae and aesthetascs of the antennule; setae on the basis of the maxilla; segments on the endopod of the second maxilliped and setae on the telson. The larval data analyzed here supports that A. dimorphus comprises a species complex. A taxonomic revision of this species complex, including specimens from Tanzania (type locality), is needed based on integrative taxonomy using adult and larval morphology (adults and larvae) coupled with genetics.},
}
@article {pmid40173861,
year = {2025},
author = {Drăghici, AC and Pintilioaie, AM and Murariu, D and Manci, CO and Ruzzier, E},
title = {New additions and further records of non-native Coleoptera in Romania.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5575},
number = {3},
pages = {409-428},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5575.3.4},
pmid = {40173861},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Romania ; *Coleoptera/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Animals ; Animal Distribution ; Male ; Female ; Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Organ Size ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {This report details the discovery of five new non-native Coleoptera species for the Romanian fauna: Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991 (Ciidae), Latheticus oryzae C.O. Waterhouse, 1880, Palorus subdepressus (Wollaston, 1864), Tribolium destructor Uyttenboogaart, 1933 (Tenebrionidae), and Litargus balteatus LeConte, 1856 (Mycetophagidae). Furthermore, additional occurrences for 19 species whose data were deficient were provided. The identification of unrecorded alien species in a natural setting indicates that they are well established and warrant further monitoring to determine their current distribution at the national level and potential impact on the environment and human activities. This indicates the current extent of our understanding of the diversity of non-native coleopterans in Romania and emphasizes the necessity of further investigation into this group, with a particular focus on those species with the potential to become invasive.},
}
@article {pmid40173744,
year = {2025},
author = {Watters, BR and Nagy, B},
title = {A review and redefinition of the subgenus Aphyobranchius Wildekamp, 1977, in the seasonal killifish genus Nothobranchius Peters, 1868 (Teleostei: Nothobranchiidae), from ephemeral wetlands of eastern Tanzania.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5570},
number = {3},
pages = {401-446},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5570.3.1},
pmid = {40173744},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; Animal Distribution ; Animal Structures/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology ; Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Organ Size ; Phylogeny ; Seasons ; Tanzania ; Wetlands ; *Killifishes/anatomy &amp; histology/classification/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Species belonging to the subgenus Aphyobranchius, of the seasonal killifish genus Nothobranchius, are reviewed and the definition of the subgenus is updated. Five species are recognized within this subgenus which, based primarily on morphological and molecular data, form two distinct groups: N. geminus, N. janpapi and N. luekei make up the N. janpapi species group, whereas N. fuscotaeniatus and N. lourensi comprise the N. lourensi species group. All known Aphyobranchius species occur in the central eastern and southern coastal plains region of Tanzania, associated mainly with the Ruvu, Rufiji, Kilombero, Mbezi and Luhule/Luhute river systems, with isolated occurrences in the lowermost reaches of the Wami and Matandu rivers. Features that allow distinction between the five Aphyobranchius species, as well as those that in a broader sense distinguish them from other Nothobranchius species, are documented in detail. Such features primarily comprise differences in elements of colour pattern, morphometric character, phylogenetic relationships, karyotype structure, habitat characteristics and niche preference, breeding behaviour and, to some extent, distribution. We further discuss the taxonomic, biogeographic, ecological and evolutionary aspects of the subgenus. Conservation status of the species range from Least Concern to Critically Endangered, according to IUCN Red List criteria. The main threats to their survival are habitat loss due to expansion of agriculture and urbanisation involving overexploitation of wetlands, and invasive species. Nothobranchius willerti, previously regarded as a member of Aphyobranchius, is here excluded from that subgenus, based on a reassessment of key morphological characters, habitat preference, breeding behaviour and, most importantly, molecular data that indicates a clear affiliation with other species of the subgenus Adiniops.},
}
@article {pmid40173599,
year = {2024},
author = {Eiseman, CS and Lonsdale, O and Montgomery, GA and Jacobsen, JM and Kahn, EX and Rosati, MC and Hauser, M and Parikh, GR and Yu, D},
title = {Invasive Cape ivy (Asteraceae: Delairea odorata Lem.) confirmed as a host for the North American leafminer Liriomyza temperata Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae).},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5555},
number = {1},
pages = {24-34},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.2},
pmid = {40173599},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; Introduced Species ; *Asteraceae/parasitology ; *Diptera/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development/genetics/physiology ; Animal Distribution ; California ; Body Size ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Organ Size ; *Tephritidae/classification/anatomy &amp; histology ; },
abstract = {A leafminer reared in California from Cape ivy (Asteraceae: Delairea odorata Lem.), an invasive plant introduced from South Africa, is identified as Liriomyza temperata Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae). This is believed to be a novel host association for a native Nearctic fly, which appears to have been introduced in Hawaii along with Cape ivy. Liriomyza tricornis Lonsdale syn. nov. is treated as a junior synonym of L. temperata. There are no previous host records for either taxon. We review previously published rearing records of North American Liriomyza spp. from other plants in the tribe Senecioneae, as well as observations of unidentified Liriomyza mines on these plants. We also discuss the leaf mine and DNA barcode of an undetermined Trypeta sp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) found mining leaves of Cape ivy in California.},
}
@article {pmid40173577,
year = {2025},
author = {Vicente, J and Rutkowski, E and Lavrov, DV and Martineau, G and Timmers, M and Toonen, RJ},
title = {Integrative taxonomy of introduced Haplosclerida and four new species from Hawai'i.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5566},
number = {2},
pages = {243-272},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.2},
pmid = {40173577},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Hawaii ; *Porifera/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics/growth &amp; development ; Phylogeny ; Animal Distribution ; Animal Structures/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology ; Introduced Species ; Body Size ; Organ Size ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Haplosclerid sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae: Heteroscleromorpha), and particularly the family Chalinidae, are notoriously difficult to identify through taxonomic methods alone. Here we use an integrative approach to confirm the identification and report both polymorphic characters and different morphotypes exhibited from a recruitment stage that complicate identification of introduced haplosclerid species Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea and Gelliodes conulosa sp. nov. in Hawai'i. Using these same methods, we also describe three new species Haliclona (Gellius) pahua sp. nov., Haliclona (Reniera) kahoe sp. nov., Haliclona (Rhizoniera) loe sp. nov. from our collections in Kāne'ohe Bay. Using a combination of mitochondrial and ribosomal RNA sequences, we compile a phylogeny that is consistent with previous molecular work but is at odds with the morphological characters used to classify species belonging to Chalinidae and Niphatidae families within Haplosclerida. Although shared morphological traits were distributed across taxa throughout the tree, both mitochondrial and ribosomal RNA sequences were diagnostic, with an average of at least 3 % sequence divergence among species and their closest relative. This study highlights both the use of standardized Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) to access the hidden diversity of haplosclerid sponges, and the potential for competition between these introduced and newly described and potentially endemic species.},
}
@article {pmid40173558,
year = {2025},
author = {Peart, RA and Woods, C},
title = {Caprellidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of Aotearoa New Zealand waters: a constantly changing landscape.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5568},
number = {1},
pages = {1-65},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5568.1.1},
pmid = {40173558},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; *Amphipoda/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics/growth &amp; development ; New Zealand ; Female ; Animal Distribution ; Male ; Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Body Size ; Organ Size ; },
abstract = {A snapshot of the changing landscape of the Aotearoa New Zealand caprellid fauna is presented. This study is primarily an examination of historic material, mainly from the NIWA Invertebrate Collection. The caprellid fauna from this region suffers from similar problems to many amphipod groups recorded in the Southern Hemisphere. These problems primarily have arisen from Northern Hemisphere researchers (during the years 1760-1920), examining the fauna, and after seeing similarities to known, familiar fauna, assume they are the same organism, creating a concept of 'cosmopolitan' species. The fauna is rarely examined in detail as it is abundant, diverse and not considered commercially important. Therefore, the assumed 'cosmopolitan' species names are used regularly and repeatedly in ecological and other studies, forming assumptions regarding distributions and influence. This situation is compounded by the introduction of invasive species and the need to assess potential related impacts. Therefore, to resolve some of these issues, this study uses an integrative (using both morphological and molecular methods where possible) approach to review the known species of the family Caprellidae from New Zealand waters and describes six new species: Caprella perplexa sp. nov., Caprella sarahae sp. nov., Caprella serenae sp. nov., Caprellina judyae sp. nov., Caprellina plumea sp. nov., Noculacia anima sp. nov. and one resurrected species, Caprella novaezealandiae to the fauna. A dichotomous key to the New Zealand caprellid fauna is provided, and molecular and morphological analysis and biogeographic comments on the origins of the fauna are also provided. This paper specifically examines the complex of caprellid species from Aotearoa New Zealand and almost doubles the described fauna from 8 species to 15 species.},
}
@article {pmid40172523,
year = {2025},
author = {Dou, F and Ji, W and Xie, Q and Wang, J and Cao, Y and Shi, J},
title = {Transcriptome analysis and temporal expression patterns of wing development-related genes in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {654-667},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvae111},
pmid = {40172523},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {32171794//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Moths/growth &amp; development/genetics/metabolism ; *Wings, Animal/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Pupa/growth &amp; development/genetics/metabolism ; Larva/growth &amp; development/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; *Transcriptome ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Lymantria dispar ; },
abstract = {Spongy moth, Lymantria dispar Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), stands as a pervasive international threat, marked by its designation as one of the "world's 100 worst invasive species" by IUCN, owing to its voracious leaf-eating habits encompassing over 500 plant species. Its strong flight ability facilitates its spread and invasion. The present study aims to uncover differential gene expression, utilizing the Illumina Novaseq6000 sequencing platform for comprehensive transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of total RNA extracted from larvae and pupae. Results revealed pivotal processes of protein functional structure conformation, transport, and signal transduction in functional gene annotation during the 2 developmental stages of spongy moth. 18 functional genes, namely, Distal-less (Dll), Wingless (Wg), Decapentaplegic (Dpp), Hedgehog (Hh), Cubitus interruptus (Ci), Patched (Ptc), Apterous (Ap), Serrate (Ser), Fringe (Fng), Achaete (Ac), Engrailed (En), Vestigial (Vg), Scute (Sc), Invected (Inv), Scalloped (Sd), Ultrabithorax (Ubx), Serum Response Factor (SRF), and Spalt-major, associated with wing development were identified, and their expression levels were meticulously assessed through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in 1st-6th instar larvae and male and female pupae wing discs. The results showed that 18 genes exhibited expression. Furthermore, the relative expression values of wing development-related genes were significantly higher in the pupae stage than in the larval stage. The relative expression values of male and female pupae were also significantly different. The RT-qPCR results were in general agreement with the results of transcriptome analysis. This study establishes a foundational understanding of the developmental mechanisms governing the formation of spongy moth wings.},
}
@article {pmid40169623,
year = {2025},
author = {Chwalek, P and Kuronaga, M and Zhu, I and Montague, S and Campopiano Robinson, V and Lohrmann, J and Gil, CAV and Susič, D and Gradišek, A and Schul, J and Paradiso, JA and Arbetman, M},
title = {High-Res Acoustic and Environmental Data to Monitor Bombus dahlbomii Amid Invasive Species, Habitat Loss.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {548},
pmid = {40169623},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; Bees/physiology ; *Acoustics ; Argentina ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {The decline of the endemic Patagonian bumblebee (Bombus dahlbomii) as a result of invasive species and habitat loss, among other stressors, has raised significant conservation concerns for the species and the ecosystem it inhabits. In order to monitor this endangered species, traditional methods are limited by labor-intensive visual surveys or lethal sampling methods. We applied passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as a non-invasive alternative to conventional monitoring techniques to collect a comprehensive dataset of the soundscape of Puerto Blest, Argentina, focusing on bumblebee bioacoustics and environmental variables. Our dataset, collected using custom stereo acoustic recorders, includes audio, temperature, humidity, and gas concentration data from twelve locations over six days, covering different weather conditions. Annotations marking native and invasive bee segments provide insights into the ecology of B. dahlbomii and its interactions with invasive species, Bombus terrestris. This dataset facilitates the development of machine learning models for monitoring Bombus populations, crucial for conservation efforts. Additionally, our robust data annotation techniques enhance the dataset's reliability for future modeling work.},
}
@article {pmid40168826,
year = {2025},
author = {Dong, S and Wang, H and Li, H and Qin, T and Chen, H and Xue, Z and Diao, S},
title = {The preemptive control strategy for invasive plant seed banks triggering ecological threats through synchronized germination.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {125187},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125187},
pmid = {40168826},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Germination ; *Seeds ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Soil ; *Seed Bank ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien plants threaten global ecosystems by disrupting biodiversity and degrading ecological functions. Soil seed banks-the reservoirs of viable seeds in the soil-play a crucial role in the persistence and spread of plant populations. However, current control measures for invasive plants predominantly target above-ground vegetation, neglecting these underground seed reserves, thereby allowing invasive plants to re-establish their populations. Inducing synchronous germination to deplete seed banks offers a potential preemptive control strategy. This study hypothesizes that seeds of invasive plants secrete secondary metabolites to promote the synchronous germination of conspecific seeds. Focusing on Ambrosia trifida L., a globally harmful annual invasive plant, where the soil seed bank plays a crucial role in its continued impact. We used metabolomics to identify such metabolites and found that Angelicin significantly enhances germination rates by up to 116.9 % (P < 0.01). Field experiments conducted in the native habitat demonstrated that applying Angelicin at concentrations of 0.015 μg ml[-1] or higher depleted over 85 % of the seed bank (P < 0.01) without harming indigenous plant communities. These findings confirm the feasibility of depleting underground seed banks through induced germination. Integrating this strategy with traditional above-ground control methods can develop a comprehensive management system, offering a promising new approach for the widespread control of invasive plants.},
}
@article {pmid40168439,
year = {2025},
author = {Ierardi, RA and Chance, SM and Morris, C and Nunnelley, J and Odemuyiwa, SO and Royal, AB and Schultz, L and Shen, Z and Young, J and Raghavan, RK},
title = {Active surveillance for Theileria orientalis and the invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) in three Missouri beef herds.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {e0319327},
pmid = {40168439},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; *Theileriasis/epidemiology/parasitology/diagnosis ; *Theileria/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/diagnosis ; Missouri/epidemiology ; Female ; *Ixodidae/parasitology ; Anaplasmosis/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Introduced Species ; Haemaphysalis longicornis ; },
abstract = {Theileria orientalis is a protozoan hemoparasite of cattle vectored by the rapidly emerging invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis). Theileria-associated bovine anemia (TABA) is easily mistaken for bovine anaplasmosis, which can lead to delayed diagnosis in areas where bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and TABA is newly emerging. Our objective was to surveil for infestation of cattle by H. longicornis and infection with T. orientalis on three Missouri cow-calf operations in counties where H. longicornis is known to be established. A total of 147 apparently healthy adult cows from 3 herds were inspected for ticks. Whole blood was collected for T. orientalis and Anaplasma marginale quantitative PCR and was also used for immediate preparation of blood smears and measurement of packed cell volumes. A total of 527 ticks were collected from the cows and taxonomically identified to the species level. Eighteen H. longicornis, including 9 adult females and 9 nymphs, were collected from 16 cows (Farm A, 2 cows; Farm B, 4 cows; Farm C, 10 cows). Intraerythrocytic T. orientalis organisms were presumptively identified on blood smears from 10 cows. Quantitative PCR screening of blood samples with primers designed to amplify all T. orientalis genotypes detected 11 positive samples (Farm A, 7 cows; Farm B, 3 cows; Farm C, 1 cow). Positive samples were re-tested with probes specific for the Ikeda, Chitose, and Buffeli genotypes, which detected the Chitose genotype in 10 samples and the Ikeda genotype in 1 sample. Detection of T. orientalis with concurrent infestation of cows by H. longicornis within these 3 herds, along with collection of H. longicornis from vegetation on the premises, supports local tick-borne transmission of this emerging pathogen.},
}
@article {pmid40167806,
year = {2025},
author = {Álvarez, R and Fernandez-Gonzalez, SA and Perera-Bonaño, A and De Cires, A and Castillo, JM and Gallego-Tévar, B},
title = {Ecophysiological and biochemical responses to cold and heat waves of native Spartina maritima, alien S. densiflora and their reciprocal hybrids.},
journal = {Planta},
volume = {261},
number = {5},
pages = {99},
pmid = {40167806},
issn = {1432-2048},
mesh = {Introduced Species ; *Poaceae/physiology/genetics ; Acclimatization ; Cold Temperature ; Seasons ; Climate Change ; Hot Temperature ; Hybridization, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Spartina hybrids outperform parental species, showing transgressive acclimation to extreme climates. Native S. maritima demonstrates high seasonal adaptability and invasive S. densiflora low physiological impact, suggesting resilience under climate change. Extreme climatic events, such as cold and heat waves, are becoming more frequent, intense, and prolonged due to climate change. Simultaneously, invasive alien plant species are altering the composition of plant communities. Both climate change and the introduction of alien species pose significant threats to biodiversity. We studied the responses of 25 biochemical and physiological functional traits for native Spartina maritima, alien invasive S. densiflora and their reciprocal hybrids to changing environmental conditions during a cold snap in winter and a heat wave in summer in Guadiana Marshes (Southwest Iberian Peninsula). These four closely related taxa responded differently to seasonal environmental fluctuations. Both hybrid taxa, particularly S. maritima × densiflora, exhibited transgressive responses, allowing them to display a wider range of acclimation responses to air temperature compared to their parental species. Native S. maritima also demonstrated a relatively high acclimation capacity to seasonal meteorological changes. In contrast, alien S. densiflora presented few acclimation responses to seasonal environmental changes, responding primarily to sediment salinity rather than to air temperature. Even so, all four studied Spartina taxa appear to be well-adapted to the occurrence of cold and heat waves in the Gulf of Cadiz. These findings underscore the complexity of plant acclimation strategies in response to extreme climatic events and highlight the potential for hybrid taxa to face the future dynamics of salt marshes under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40164744,
year = {2025},
author = {Borda, V and Burni, M and Cofré, N and Longo, S and Mansur, T and Ortega, G and Urcelay, C},
title = {Does the flavonoid quercetin influence the generalist-selective nature of mycorrhizal interactions in invasive and non-invasive native woody plants?.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {25},
pmid = {40164744},
issn = {1432-1890},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Quercetin/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Introduced Species ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Wood/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {It has been suggested that invasive plant species are more generalist than non-invasive species in their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), allowing them to associate with novel AMF communities. There is emerging evidence suggesting that the flavonoid quercetin may play a role in regulating these interactions as a signaling compound. In this study, we experimentally grew three invasive alien and three non-invasive native woody species with AMF communities collected from within (though foreign to invasives) and outside their current distribution ranges. After 96 days, we: (a) assessed mycorrhizal colonization rates; (b) evaluated the impact of these interactions on plant performance (growth and phosphorus nutrition); and (c) tested whether these responses were influenced by the addition of quercetin to the plant growth medium. Our findings reveal that the invasive species exhibited mycorrhizal colonization when grown with both novel AMF communities and benefited from them in terms of phosphorus (P) nutrition. In contrast, two of the three non- invasive native species showed mycorrhizal colonization and enhanced P nutrition only with AMF from their current distribution range, but not with novel AMF from outside their range, suggesting selective behavior in their mycorrhizal interactions. The addition of quercetin did not have a strong effect on mycorrhizal colonization in either invasive or non-invasive native species. However, quercetin promoted moderate increases in P nutrition in the two non-invasive native species when grown with the novel AMF communities. Overall, the results suggest that invasive species are more generalist in their AM symbiosis than two of the three non-invasive species, and that the addition of quercetin had a limited, moderate influence on their AM interactions.},
}
@article {pmid40164403,
year = {2025},
author = {Menegon, M and Severini, F and Toma, L and Martignoni, M and Di Luca, M},
title = {Rapid molecular method for early detection of the invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) at Points of Entry.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {264},
number = {},
pages = {107605},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107605},
pmid = {40164403},
issn = {1873-6254},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/genetics/classification ; *Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics/classification ; Italy ; *Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Humans ; },
abstract = {In recent years, globalization and climate change have led to a rise in the number of imported cases of Aedes-diseases in Europe, resulting in increased frequency and magnitude of local transmissions due to the presence of competent vectors. Recently, Italy has experienced the establishment of three exotic Aedes mosquitoes relevant to human health, Aedes albopictus, Aedes koreicus and Aedes japonicus. Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, has recently reappeared in Europe and the risk for its re-introduction in Italy is high given the climatic conditions suitable for the species. To address the risk of introduction and spread of Aedes-diseases, the Health Authorities recommend the strengthening of entomological surveillance at regional level, particularly in strategic areas and Points of Entry, such as ports and airports. In 2021, a Korean research team developed a multiplex-PCR assay for the identification of six Aedini species, not including Ae. aegypti. In the present study, the previous diagnostic test was improved by designing reverse primers for the identification of Ae. aegypti and Aedes geniculatus. This latter native mosquito lays eggs morphologically similar to those of invasive species with which it can sometimes be found in sympatry. Furthermore, a ten-minute DNA extraction method was implemented. The results obtained demonstrate a perfect diagnostic capacity and sensitivity of the method in discriminating the five species tested. Here, findings of a sensitive, rapid and cost-effective molecular assay developed for the early identification of invasive species at high-risk sites are shown.},
}
@article {pmid40164368,
year = {2025},
author = {Ionescu, RA and Mitrovic, D and Birceanu, O and McDonald, AE and Wilson, JM and Servos, MR and Wilkie, MP},
title = {Rainbow trout rapidly recover from exposure to niclosamide: A piscicide and molluscicide used to control sea lamprey and snail populations.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology &amp; pharmacology : CBP},
volume = {294},
number = {},
pages = {110199},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110199},
pmid = {40164368},
issn = {1532-0456},
mesh = {Animals ; *Niclosamide/toxicity ; *Oncorhynchus mykiss/metabolism/physiology ; *Molluscacides/toxicity ; Snails/drug effects ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; *Petromyzon ; Liver/metabolism/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Niclosamide (2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanalide) is a piscicide used to control invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. It is also a molluscide used in tropical and sub-tropical freshwaters to control snail populations that are intermediate hosts to the blood flukes that causes schistosomiasis in humans. While the mechanism of niclosamide toxicity is known, its corresponding physiological effects on non-target fishes are not well-established. To better understand how niclosamide could adversely affect non-target fishes, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to an environmentally relevant niclosamide concentration of 0.150 mg L[-1] (measured = 0.12-0.18 mg L[-1]) over 9 h, during which tissues were collected for measurement of energy stores and metabolites. Niclosamide exposure reduced brain ATP and glycogen by ∼50 %, and liver glycogen by ∼40 %. Reductions of ATP, phosphocreatine and glycogen were also observed in muscle, with corresponding increases in pyruvate and lactate, plus development of a metabolic acidosis (∼0.2 unit decrease in intracellular pH). These disturbances were consistent with impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis to generate ATP. Notably, physiological homeostasis was restored in the brain, liver, and muscle within 24 h after depuration in fresh, niclosamide-free water. We conclude that non-target fishes are susceptible to niclosamide, but at least in rainbow trout, the effects are readily reversed after exposure ceases. Similar approaches could be used to determine the susceptibility and resilience of other fishes to niclosamide in environments where it is required as a either a lampricide or a molluscicide.},
}
@article {pmid40163813,
year = {2025},
author = {Soresinetti, L and Naro, G and Arnoldi, I and Mosca, A and Adam, K and Kim, HC and Klein, TA and Gradoni, F and Montarsi, F and Bandi, C and Epis, S and Gabrieli, P},
title = {The genetic trail of the invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus from the east to the west of Northern Italy.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {e0012945},
pmid = {40163813},
issn = {1935-2735},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/genetics/classification ; Italy ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Introduced Species ; *Genetic Variation ; Slovenia ; Genotype ; Genetics, Population ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aedes koreicus is native to Far East Asia and recorded in Europe since 2008. In Italy, Ae. koreicus is widespread throughout the Northern part of the peninsula, highlighting its invasive potential and spread. However, no clear clues about the dispersal patterns of the species have been collected so far.<br><br>Population genetic analyses were performed to assess the genetic structure of populations of Ae. koreicus and to make hypotheses about its dispersal patterns in Northern Italy. Ten microsatellite markers specific for Ae. koreicus were used to genotype 414 individuals from 13 populations in the pre-alpine area of Italy, and neighboring Slovenia. Basic and Bayesian population genetic analyses were performed to evaluate patterns of genetic variation, genetic structure, and demography of selected mosquito populations. While presenting a certain degree of structuring, the Italian and Slovenian populations of Ae. koreicus were poorly differentiated. Moreover, demographic analysis supports the expansion of a single population propagule of Ae. koreicus in Italy and Slovenia and provides evidence of the presence of overwintering populations in the studied area.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results highlight a common origin, and stable colonization of Northern Italy and Slovenia, as a probable consequence of the expansion of a unique population. This stresses out the importance of continuous monitoring of Ae. koreicus, to finally uncover the geographic origins and entrance pathways of invasive populations and to prevent or limit further introductions.},
}
@article {pmid40162630,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, Q and Kou, E and Liao, X and Qiu, R and Tang, Q and Zhang, H and Zheng, Y and Yang, J and Zheng, B},
title = {Nanoparticle Delivery of Antisense miR162 Inhibits Invasive Habitat Adaption of Alternanthera Philoxeroides.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {12},
number = {22},
pages = {e2416747},
pmid = {40162630},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {2021YFC2600102//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 32025005//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 22377076//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023M732270//Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*MicroRNAs/genetics ; *Amaranthaceae/genetics ; *Nanoparticles ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; },
abstract = {Phenotypic flexibility in adaptive traits is crucial for organisms to thrive in changing environments. Alternanthera philoxeroides, native to South America, has become an invasive weed in Asia. The mechanism by which invasive capacity is achieved remains unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that miR162 plays a crucial role in submergence survival for A. philoxeroides. These results highlight that the level of miR162 significantly increases in stems from 3 to 48 h upon water submergence, and knockdown of miR162 via TRV-based VIGS system significantly disrupts stem elongation upon water submergence, ultimately resulting in a failure of plants protruding from the water surface. Interestingly, miR162 is not up-regulated in the noninvasive congeneric alien species Alternanthera pungens, which is also native to South America but has retained its original habitats in Asia. The presence of anaerobic responsive elements (AREs) in the promoter sequences of MIR162 from A. philoxeroides rather than A. pungens may contribute to its invasion capacity. Importantly, nanoparticle delivery of antisense RNA oligonucleotides of miR162 significantly impairs stem elongation during water submergence. Thus, our findings reveal that the achievement of specific miRNA activity can drive rapid phenotypic variation, and miR162 has the potential as a bio-pesticide for controlling the invasive growth of A. philoxeroides.},
}
@article {pmid40159998,
year = {2025},
author = {Iglesias-Carrasco, M and Torres, J and Cruz-Dubon, A and Candolin, U and Wong, BBM and Velo-Antón, G},
title = {Global impacts of exotic eucalypt plantations on wildlife.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {100},
number = {4},
pages = {1734-1753},
pmid = {40159998},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {PID2022-137901NB-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/ ; DOC_00453//Junta de Andalucia/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Eucalyptus ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; *Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The establishment of exotic tree plantations poses a pervasive threat to wildlife across the globe. Among the most important tree species used for forestry purposes worldwide are members of the genus Eucalyptus, which have now been established in at least 107 countries outside of their native range. When introduced into non-native areas, eucalypt plantations are associated with myriad novel challenges for native fauna, and have often been associated with reductions in the biodiversity of local communities. However, similar to other anthropogenic habitats, eucalypt plantations can also create novel opportunities for species that can allow them to survive and thrive in these novel environments. In this review, we use eucalypt plantations as a case study for understanding the ecological and evolutionary responses of wildlife to anthropogenic habitat loss and change. We begin by summarising the main avenues of research addressing the study of wildlife responses at the individual, community, and ecosystem levels, and highlight critical research gaps. We also consider the characteristics of different types of eucalypt plantations and how such attributes are linked with the ability of animals to respond appropriately to the establishment of plantations, and summarise important considerations for the conservation of animal communities in these human-altered habitats.},
}
@article {pmid40157205,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, S and Chen, J and Jiang, S and Zhang, R and Li, Z and Wang, L and Li, K},
title = {Invasion risk of typical invasive alien plants in mountainous areas and their interrelationship with habitat quality: A case study of Badong County in central China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {125083},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125083},
pmid = {40157205},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Plants ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species (IASs) are a key factor in the loss of regional biodiversity, and exploring the risk of IASs and their interrelationships with biodiversity is of great significance for preventing IASs in a region and enhancing ecological quality. In this study, we used Badong County as an example and analyzed the potential distribution areas of invasive alien plants (IAPs) and habitat quality based on field survey data using models, including the MaxEnt and InVEST models. The results of this research were as follows: (1) The distribution of the four typical IAPs in Badong County was similar, and the high and medium suitability areas were basically distributed in the north-central area of Badong County, which was densely populated and had a low elevation and well-developed river and water systems. (2) The average habitat quality index in Badong County was 0.81, indicating a generally high habitat quality. Spatially, habitat quality in northern townships was significantly lower than that in southern townships. (3) Both the invasion risk of individual IAPs and the comprehensive invasion risk were spatially negatively correlated with habitat quality; areas of high habitat quality and low invasion risk had the largest proportion, followed by areas of low habitat quality and high invasion risk. (4) Competition between species may reduce the negative relationship between the comprehensive IAP invasion risk and habitat quality to a certain extent. The findings of this study can be used to anticipate the prevalence of typical IAPs in Badong County, thereby providing a foundation for preventing and controlling IASs in this region and offering a scientific reference for the study of interrelationships between IASs and biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid40155804,
year = {2025},
author = {Moustafa, MAM and Barnes, MM and Wagner, NE and Bodine, D and Bendele, K and Teel, PD and Saelao, P and Price, DC},
title = {Genome of the invasive North American Haemaphysalis longicornis tick as a template for bovine anti-tick vaccine discovery.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {307},
pmid = {40155804},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {2021-67015-34461//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; *Ixodidae/genetics/immunology ; *Vaccines/immunology ; Introduced Species ; Cattle Diseases/prevention &amp; control/parasitology ; Transcriptome ; Genomics ; North America ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Haemaphysalis longicornis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ixodid tick Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, commonly referred to as the Asian longhorned tick, has expanded its range outside of East Asia into countries such as Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Since the first U.S. detection in 2017, H. longicornis has spread to 21 states and the District of Columbia and has been implicated as a vector of various human and animal pathogens including Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype, a causal agent of bovine theileriosis. Facilitated in part by the parthenogenetic nature of invasive populations, this tick has become a paramount threat to agricultural rangelands and U.S. livestock production. Reliance on traditional acaricides for vector control selects for resistant individuals, reducing the effectiveness of many chemical tools over time. Thus, focus has shifted to alternative control mechanisms including anti-tick vaccine development. To further such research, here we sequence and assemble a high-quality H. longicornis genome and robust gene catalog from invasive North American ticks while also providing an organ-specific transcriptomic expression catalog and in-depth informatic screening of the tick proteome for potential bovine antigenic molecules with potential utility as vaccine candidates.<br><br>RESULTS: Using a combination of PacBio HiFi single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C chromosome conformation capture data, our genome assembly contains 270 scaffolds and spans a haploid genome size of 3.09 Gbp with an N50 of 213.4 Mbp. Gene prediction identified 21,947 high-confidence gene structures containing 96.2% of the core Arthropoda odb10 orthologs. Our organ-specific transcriptome library comprising salivary glands, midgut, ovaries, foreleg and hindleg additionally highlights potential anti-tick vaccine candidates and metabolic pathways to target for future in vitro trials.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Single-molecule sequencing of a triploid, parthenogenetic North American Haemaphysalis longicornis tick allowed for the generation of a highly contiguous genome assembly that, when coupled with extensive transcriptome profiling, resulted in a robust gene catalog containing multiple candidates for further study as anti-tick vaccine antigens.},
}
@article {pmid40155778,
year = {2025},
author = {Lozada-Chávez, AN and Lozada-Chávez, I and Alfano, N and Palatini, U and Sogliani, D and Elfekih, S and Degefa, T and Sharakhova, MV and Badolo, A and Sriwichai, P and Casas-Martínez, M and Carlos, BC and Carballar-Lejarazú, R and Lambrechts, L and Souza-Neto, JA and Bonizzoni, M},
title = {Adaptive genomic signatures of globally invasive populations of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {652-671},
pmid = {40155778},
issn = {2397-334X},
support = {682394//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/genetics/physiology ; *Genome, Insect ; *Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/genetics/physiology ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Ecotype ; Yellow Fever/transmission ; *Adaptation, Biological ; },
abstract = {In the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti, adaptation to anthropogenic environments has led to a major evolutionary shift separating the domestic Aedes aegypti aegypti (Aaa) ecotype from the wild Aedes aegypti formosus (Aaf) ecotype. Aaa mosquitoes are distributed globally and have higher vectorial capacity than Aaf, which remained in Africa. Despite the evolutionary and epidemiological relevance of this separation, inconsistent morphological data and a complex population structure have hindered the identification of genomic signals distinguishing the two ecotypes. Here we assessed the correspondence between the geographic distribution, population structure and genome-wide selection of 511 Aaf and 123 Aaa specimens and report adaptive signals in 186 genes that we call Aaa molecular signatures. Our results indicate that Aaa molecular signatures arose from standing variation associated with extensive ancestral polymorphisms in Aaf populations and have been co-opted for self-domestication through genomic and functional redundancy and local adaptation. Overall, we show that the behavioural shift of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to live in association with humans relied on the fine regulation of chemosensory, neuronal and metabolic functions, as seen in the domestication processes of rabbits and silkworms. Our results also provide a foundation for the investigation of new genic targets for the control of Ae. aegypti populations.},
}
@article {pmid40154143,
year = {2025},
author = {Soares, MO and Pereira, PHC and Rabelo, EF and Sampaio, CLS and Xavier, AL and Mendes, LF and Nunes, J and Bleuel, J and Reis-Filho, JA and Giarrizzo, T},
title = {Invasive lionfish spread through southwestern atlantic marine protected areas.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {107099},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107099},
pmid = {40154143},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Atlantic Ocean ; Fisheries ; Brazil ; *Perciformes/physiology ; Biodiversity ; *Fishes ; *Animal Distribution ; *Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Invasive lionfish are recognized as a major management concern in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) because of their high density and adverse effects on native biodiversity, fisheries, and food web processes. Despite these pressing concerns, there is a lack of research focused on the current and future invasion of lionfish in Southwestern Atlantic MPAs. To address this knowledge gap and support global marine conservation efforts, our study systematically assessed the extent and types of MPAs invaded by lionfish (Pterois volitans) in the SW Atlantic. Additionally, we used Species Distribution Models (Maximum Entropy modeling) to predict potential future distributions of this invasive species. Our findings revealed that lionfish have successfully invaded at least 18 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) between 2020 and 2024, across a 4000 km stretch of the SW Atlantic. These include twelve protected areas with sustainable use, three marine parks, one biological reserve, and two reserves dedicated to protecting artisanal fisheries. Based on the confirmed invasions, the majority of the affected MPAs (78 %) were multiple-use, with 22 % designated as no-take areas. The growth of lionfish populations is expected to continue in part due to the absence of regular culling efforts in most (88 %) of these MPAs. The potential distribution model predicts that lionfish currently occur in 33 % of Brazilian MPAs and will expand its range to an additional 25 MPAs within the next 10 years, potentially reaching 60 % of the total Brazilian MPAs. The results also showed that the benthic salinity range and sea body temperature were the most critical factors in predicting lionfish distribution across SW Atlantic MPAs in both current and projected scenarios. This rapid spread underscores the urgent need for coordinated management strategies to mitigate the threat posed by lionfish throughout the Atlantic Ocean basin.},
}
@article {pmid40154084,
year = {2025},
author = {Gavioli, A and Mancinelli, G and Turolla, E and Lanzoni, M and Paesanti, V and Soana, E and Eggleston, DB and Christian, RR and Castaldelli, G},
title = {Impacts of the invasive blue crab Callinectes sapidus on small-scale fisheries in a Mediterranean lagoon using fishery landing data.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {974},
number = {},
pages = {179236},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179236},
pmid = {40154084},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fisheries/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Brachyura/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Mediterranean Sea ; Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Human activities have introduced numerous non-native species beyond their natural habitats, leading to their establishment in new regions. Among them, the Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) has significantly impacted biodiversity and fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea. This study investigates the recent population increase of C. sapidus associated changes of small-scale fisheries in one Mediterranean lagoon, the Sacca di Goro lagoon within the Po River Delta. We analysed the influence of environmental factors and C. sapidus biomass on trends in landings of commercially important species, using multivariate analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), as well as variance partitioning, linear regression and change point analysis on fishery landings data. Our results suggest that the spread of C. sapidus coincides with a decline in several commercial species, such as the European flounder (Platichthys flesus), the big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri), the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and the Mediterranean green crab (Carcinus aestuarii), suggesting a strong ecological and economic impacts of the blue crab invasion. The main mechanisms by which C. sapidus could drive this trend likely involve predation and competition, although further investigation is needed for confirmation. Annually averaged environmental variables (i.e., water temperature, salinity, nitrate and chlorophyll-a concentrations) were not significant predictors of commercial species trends, suggesting that the changes in landings cannot be primarily attributed to environmental factors. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the potential effects of C. sapidus on the relative abundance of key fisheries species in Mediterranean Sea, suggesting a potential link between the rapid increase in its abundance and observed fish landing trends. The results highlight the need for integrated management strategies, including promoting market opportunities for C. sapidus and consideration of ecosystem-based management to control its abundance such as the protection of native local predators.},
}
@article {pmid40153205,
year = {2025},
author = {Keith, BR and Larson, DM and Isaacson, CW and Anteau, MJ and Fitzpatrick, MJ and Carleen, JD},
title = {Pyrethroid insecticide pollution of wetlands reduces amphipod density.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology (London, England)},
volume = {34},
number = {5},
pages = {792-804},
pmid = {40153205},
issn = {1573-3017},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; Animals ; *Amphipoda/physiology/drug effects ; *Insecticides/analysis/toxicity ; *Pyrethrins/analysis/toxicity ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/toxicity ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Population Density ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Freshwater amphipods play a key role as forage for breeding and migrating waterfowl in wetlands throughout the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America. Amphipod populations declined in recent decades, but there is a limited understanding of mechanisms for their decline and their uneven distribution across the landscape. Row crop agriculture is abundant in the PPR, but the sensitivity of amphipods and wetland ecosystems to agrochemical pollution has rarely been studied. We investigated relationships among amphipod abundances (specifically, Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca), land uses, water quality, and pyrethroid insecticide contamination of wetland sediments. Our study design targeted a large gradient of amphipod abundances and accounted for water quality, hydrology, and habitat metrics that commonly influence amphipods. We found a significant, negative relationship between pyrethroid concentrations and the abundance of the two amphipod species. Pyrethroids were detected at relatively low concentrations (<2.5 ng/g sediment) in 44% of study wetlands and occurred most frequently in intensively cropped watersheds with low vegetative filter strip coverage. Interestingly, wetlands on state and federal wildlife reserves had regular occurrence of pyrethroids, demonstrating the pervasive transport of these compounds and the intensity of agriculture in the PPR. The pyrethroids are likely entering these wetlands through overland transport during rain events or aerial spray drift, and our results show that forest patches and vegetative filter strips may reduce pyrethroid exposure to both wetlands and amphipods.},
}
@article {pmid40152478,
year = {2025},
author = {Margrey, SF and Mertins, JW and Garrett, LC and Gary, R and Pesapane, R},
title = {First confirmed identification of a male Asian longhorned tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in the United States.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {62},
number = {3},
pages = {706-711},
pmid = {40152478},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; *Ixodidae/anatomy &amp; histology/classification ; Ohio ; Cattle ; United States ; },
abstract = {Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, the Asian longhorned tick (ALT), has quickly established widespread invasive populations in the United States since its first at-large detection in 2017. Until recently, no male ALT has been verifiably collected in the United States, despite examinations of tens of thousands of individual specimens, thus affirming that the US incursion was founded by ticks from a parthenogenetic source population of ALT. This report documents the first validated male ALT specimen in the United States, collected in May 2023 on a cattle farm in Gallia County, Ohio. This specimen shows morphological signs of gynandromorphism in its palps, hypostome, genitalia, and anal aperture.},
}
@article {pmid40151837,
year = {2025},
author = {Basnet, A and Palacios, C and Meng, H and Nakhwa, DR and Farmer, T and Dahal, N and Anchundia, D and Heimpel, GE and Causton, CE and Koop, JAH and Lamichhaney, S},
title = {Genomic Insights into the Successful Invasion of the Avian Vampire Fly (Philornis downsi) in the Galápagos Islands.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40151837},
issn = {1537-1719},
support = {//Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University/ ; 202205842-JMP-REQ 122827//International Atomic Energy Agency/ ; 1-01-106//Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Ecuador ; *Introduced Species ; Genetic Variation ; Gene Flow ; Islands ; Founder Effect ; },
abstract = {Invasive species pose significant threats to island ecosystems, often leading to the decline of native species and the disruption of ecological balance. The avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi), introduced to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, has emerged as a major threat to the endemic avifauna, parasitizing multiple species of Darwin's finches and other passerines. Yet, the genetic mechanisms of its invasion remain unclear. In this study, we conducted the first whole-genome sequencing analysis of P. downsi populations from the Galápagos Islands and their native range in mainland Ecuador. Our results reveal genomic signatures of a founder effect, with reduced genetic diversity in the Galápagos populations, indicative of a recent population bottleneck. We found a lack of significant genetic differentiation and evidence of ongoing gene flow among island populations. Despite low genetic diversity in island populations, we identified adaptive genetic changes, including regions possibly under positive selection near genes related to neural signaling, muscle development, and metabolic processes, which may have contributed to the fly's invasion success. Additionally, we uncovered genetic changes associated with precipitation-related climate adaptation, highlighting the possible role of environmental factors in shaping genetic variation in P. downsi. Our findings provide crucial insights into the invasion dynamics of P. downsi in Galápagos, emphasizing the importance of genomic research in informing conservation strategies. The identification of key adaptive genomic loci and potential environmental drivers of genetic change will aid in the development of targeted management practices to mitigate the impact of this invasive species on the unique biodiversity of the Galápagos Islands.},
}
@article {pmid40151514,
year = {2025},
author = {Lynch, SC},
title = {On Collaborative Governance: Building Consensus on Priorities to Manage Invasive Species Through Collective Action.},
journal = {Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {e70029},
pmid = {40151514},
issn = {2575-6265},
abstract = {Invasive forest pests can spread across large landscapes that include numerous land-use management jurisdictions. As such, forest pest invasions need to be addressed with collaborative efforts because a single entity is seldom able to respond to the full scope of the problem. A collaborative governance framework provides a collective decision-making process that allows diverse sets of actors who share an interest in a policy or management issue to work together towards mutually beneficial outcomes. Here, I apply a theoretical model of collaborative governance to understand the conditions in cooperative decision-making that led to a consensus on statewide priorities to control an important invasive pest in California, the Fusarium dieback invasive shothole borers (FD-ISHB) beetle-pathogen invasion. This provides (1) an empirical case study of collaborative governance in action throughout the stakeholder consensus building process and (2) interrogates that case study for theoretical contributions to the literature on collaborative governance, with special focus on invasive species management. Cohesive process outcomes were born out of effective principled engagement, participants' deep understanding and dedication to the system context, and the salient forces of leadership and interdependence baked in throughout the project. Ultimately, participants devoted their time and energy to a short but intensive planning process, resulting in more capacity for joint action, trust, interdependence, and a robust action plan that was quickly implemented.},
}
@article {pmid40150871,
year = {2025},
author = {Turanov, SV and Rutenko, OA},
title = {Evaluation of Fish Species Detection in the Northwestern Pacific using eDNA Metabarcoding: A Mock Community Approach.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {26247},
doi = {10.31083/FBS26247},
pmid = {40150871},
issn = {1945-0524},
support = {123080800009-5//Federal scientific and technical program in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and climate change for 2021 - 2030, Russian Federation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Fishes/genetics/classification ; Pacific Ocean ; *DNA, Environmental/genetics ; Biodiversity ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Ecosystem ; Bayes Theorem ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA), a technique using high-throughput sequencing, has transformed biodiversity monitoring by identifying organisms from DNA fragments present in the environment. This method, particularly useful for aquatic ecosystems, allows for non-invasive species monitoring, helping to provide insight into ecosystem composition and taxonomic diversity. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding for fish species identification in a model community from the northeast Pacific Ocean using 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA) marker.<br><br>METHODS: Water samples were collected from the tank of the Primorsky Aquarium, which contains fish species from the Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and Bering Sea. DNA was extracted using syringe filters and enriched with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of mitochondrial 12S rRNA fragment, followed by sequencing on Illumina platform. The resulting reads were processed using the bayesian generalized uncertainty modeling (BEGUM) pipeline and their taxonomic diversity was assessed by basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) search. Using in silico PCR, we also assessed the possible association of detection failures of some species with the presence of primer-to-target sequence mismatches.<br><br>RESULTS: From a fish community of only 20 species in the tank, we identified 56 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) corresponding to 28 genera. Among these OTUs, 20 species were unambiguously classified by BLAST-based analysis, though only 9 of them corresponded to the species actually present in the tank. Significant problems included inconsistent reference data and marker biases that affected the accuracy of species identification. In addition to DNA contamination from feed, contamination from the water source may have introduced extraneous DNA into the samples. Also, using in silico PCR analysis with a small number of available reference sequences, we demonstrated a significantly higher number of primer mismatches for species that were not identified.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the relative efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding for fish species identification, but also highlights the need to improve reference databases and minimise contamination, searching for references and primers to improve accuracy. Further research should focus on optimising marker selection and controlling methodological bias to ensure robust biodiversity estimates.},
}
@article {pmid40147239,
year = {2025},
author = {Merkenschlager, C and Bangelesa, F and Paeth, H and Hertig, E},
title = {Evolution of the recent habitat suitability area of Aedes albopictus in the extended Mediterranean area due to land-use and climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {974},
number = {},
pages = {179202},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179202},
pmid = {40147239},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Aedes/physiology ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; Mediterranean Region ; Animal Distribution ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the world's most invasive species and is responsible for the transmission of several vector-borne diseases, including chikungunya, dengue, and Zika. Aedes albopictus has been established in southern Europe since the 1990s and has been spreading to other regions in recent years. The present study examines changes in the habitat suitability of Aedes albopictus over the period 2000-2020 using a multi-model ensemble (MME) of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models. An initial set of 38 climatic and 14 land-use predictors was considered for model setup. The model was built using Aedes albopictus distribution data for 2020. We included 19 bioclimatic variables, absolute humidity, and 18 extreme climate variables which are tailored to species specific thresholds based on expert knowledge. By means of statistical methods, predictor selection was performed. To assign changes to climate or land-use, we ran all habitat suitability models on varying climate with constant and varying land-use. Differences between both approaches indicate causes of change. Land-use changes are an important factor until 2015, contributing at least as much as climate change to changes in the habitat suitability area of Aedes albopictus (HSA). In the following years, changes in the HSA are mainly shaped by climate change. In 2020, the MME shows an average 4.5 % increase in HSA compared to 2000, with decreasing habitat suitability in the south and increasing suitability in the north. Land use change accounts for 16-51 % of HSA change, but only 3.3 % of land use change is spatially consistent across the MME. In contrast, changes in the HSA due to climate change has a spatial consistency of 54.2 % across the MME. The overall increase in HSA between 2000 and 2020 also increases the risk of vector-borne disease infections, but land-use changes can counteract some of the climate-induced changes.},
}
@article {pmid40145636,
year = {2025},
author = {Leclerc, C and Frossard, V and Sharaf, N and Bazin, S and Bruel, R and Sentis, A},
title = {Climate Impacts on Lake Food-Webs Are Mediated by Biological Invasions.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e70144},
pmid = {40145636},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {ANR-19-CE02-0001-01//EcoTeBo project/ ; Pole R&amp;D ECLA (OFB-INRAE-USMB)//RETRO project/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Lakes ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Food Chain ; *Fishes/physiology ; France ; },
abstract = {Climate change and biological invasions are among the most important drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem change. Despite major advances in understanding their ecological impacts, these drivers are often considered individually, overlooking their possible complex interrelationship. By applying structural equation modeling to an extensive nationwide dataset of 430 fish communities across 257 French lakes, we investigated how taxonomic, size, and trophic diversities are impacted by climate warming and exotic species occurrence. Our goal was to compare their relative signature or lasting impacts after these factors had taken effect and to determine whether climate warming and biological invasions mediate the current state of community diversities. Drawing on a set of interconnected hypotheses, we suggest that biological invasions could be an important indirect effect of climate warming. This aspect must be considered to fully grasp the overall effects of climate change, beyond just its direct thermal impacts. Our results support our hypothesis that climate warming negatively impacts size and trophic diversities. However, these effects are mostly mediated by the warming-induced increase in exotic species richness, which, in turn, promotes total species richness. These results suggest that exotic species have a substantial role in determining the impact of climate change, obscuring the diversity patterns predicted by temperature alone. We conclude that the impacts of climate change cannot be understood without considering its mediated effects via biological invasions, underscoring the need to grasp their intertwined roles in predicting and managing ecological consequences.},
}
@article {pmid40144355,
year = {2025},
author = {Armstrong, N and Klure, DM and Greenhalgh, R and Stapleton, TE and Dearing, MD},
title = {The Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) exhibits minimal patterns of phylogeography across native and introduced sites.},
journal = {Journal of mammalogy},
volume = {106},
number = {2},
pages = {395-405},
pmid = {40144355},
issn = {0022-2372},
support = {T32 GM141848/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Introduced species are one of the leading causes of declining global biodiversity and result in many billions of dollars of losses to the bioeconomy worldwide. Introduced species have become increasingly common due to globalization and climate change, and population genetics is a useful tool for the management of such species. The Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) is a highly successful invader that was introduced to many states in western North America throughout the 20th century. We used low-pass whole genome sequencing to evaluate phylogeographic structure across native and introduced ranges of this species and identify the putative number and geographic sources of introductions in California and Utah. We found minimal patterns of phylogeographic structure, consistent with recent range and population expansion since the Last Glacial Maximum. Additionally, we found evidence for multiple mitochondrial haplotypes in California and only 1 haplotype in Utah, which suggests that fox squirrels in California were sourced from multiple introduction events while those in Utah were likely sourced from a single event. Genomic resources generated in this study will be useful for future conservation efforts in this species and will assist with the ongoing management of its introductions across western North America.},
}
@article {pmid40143874,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, J and Shi, M and Dou, X and Pan, W and Ma, D and Luo, M and Fu, B},
title = {Cystobacter fuscus HM-E: a novel biocontrol agent against cotton Verticillium wilt.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1555523},
pmid = {40143874},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Verticillium wilt of cotton, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating soilborne fungal diseases in cotton production, urgently demanding the development of effective control measures. Myxobacteria, a group of higher prokaryotes exhibiting multicellular social behaviors, possess predatory activity against plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria, giving them unique potential for application in plant disease biocontrol. In this study, based on a previously myxobacterial strain collection, a myxobacterial strain, HM-E, exhibiting broad-spectrum antifungal activity was screened. Through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization, and multi-locus sequence analysis, this strain was identified as Cystobacter fuscus HM-E. C. fuscus HM-E not only significantly lysed V. dahliae hyphae but also inhibited its spore germination. Both its cell-free fermentation filtrate and volatile metabolites exhibited certain antifungal activity. Greenhouse pot assays showed that the fermentation broth of C. fuscus HM-E had a control efficacy of only 23.01% against cotton Verticillium wilt, whereas the solid agent formulated with white star flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis) frass achieved a significantly higher control efficacy of 70.90%, and the myxobacterial solid agent also significantly promoted cotton seedling growth. Furthermore, the crude extracts concentrated using macroporous resin and acid precipitation showed no antifungal activity against V. dahliae, whereas the crude protein obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation disrupted not only the cell wall and cell membrane of V. dahliae hyphae, induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst but also lysed spores and inhibited spore germ tube elongation. Enzyme substrate profile assays indicated that several peptidases, lipases, and glycoside hydrolases secreted by C. fuscus HM-E might play important roles in its antifungal process and are potential biocontrol factors. This study suggests C. fuscus HM-E, as a novel biocontrol agent, has great potential for application in the combating of cotton Verticillium wilt.},
}
@article {pmid40143607,
year = {2025},
author = {Monson, RK and Li, S and Ainsworth, EA and Fan, Y and Hodge, JG and Knapp, AK and Leakey, ADB and Lombardozzi, D and Reed, SC and Sage, RF and Smith, MD and Smith, NG and Still, CJ and Way, DA},
title = {C4 photosynthesis, trait spectra, and the fast-efficient phenotype.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {246},
number = {3},
pages = {879-893},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70057},
pmid = {40143607},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {DE-SC0018420//U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program/ ; 20-07-0232//John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, US Geological Survey/ ; },
mesh = {*Photosynthesis/physiology ; Phenotype ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Carbon/metabolism ; },
abstract = {It has been 60 years since the discovery of C4 photosynthesis, an event that rewrote our understanding of plant adaptation, ecosystem responses to global change, and global food security. Despite six decades of research, one aspect of C4 photosynthesis that remains poorly understood is how the pathway fits into the broader context of adaptive trait spectra, which form our modern view of functional trait ecology. The C4 CO2-concentrating mechanism supports a general C4 plant phenotype capable of fast growth and high resource-use efficiencies. The fast-efficient C4 phenotype has the potential to operate at high productivity rates, while allowing for less biomass allocation to root production and nutrient acquisition, thereby providing opportunities for the evolution of novel trait covariances and the exploitation of new ecological niches. We propose the placement of the C4 fast-efficient phenotype near the acquisitive pole of the world-wide leaf economic spectrum, but with a pathway-specific span of trait space, wherein selection shapes both acquisitive and conservative adaptive strategies. A trait-based perspective of C4 photosynthesis will open new paths to crop improvement, global biogeochemical modeling, the management of invasive species, and the restoration of disturbed ecosystems, particularly in grasslands.},
}
@article {pmid40143442,
year = {2025},
author = {Guiden, PW and Roca, B},
title = {Extreme cold reduces seedling establishment, but native species appear more susceptible than non-native species.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {112},
number = {4},
pages = {e70023},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70023},
pmid = {40143442},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {*Seedlings/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Seeds/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Extreme Cold ; Species Specificity ; Climate Change ; *Cold Temperature ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Extreme-cold events are increasingly recognized as one of the most damaging aspects of climate change in northern temperate ecosystems. However, little data exists describing how native and non-native species may respond to these extreme events, especially as seeds. We used a greenhouse experiment to test how extreme cold reduces seedling establishment in seven woody species common to eastern North America. We hypothesized that the effects of extreme cold depend on provenance (native vs. non-native) and chilling period.<br><br>METHODS: Following chilling periods of 80, 100, or 120 days, seeds experienced a false-spring with temperatures at 15&#xb0;C for one week; half of the seeds in each dormancy treatment group experienced a two-day extreme-cold event (-13.9&#xb0;C) while the rest returned to mild winter temperatures (4&#xb0;C).<br><br>RESULTS: Extreme-cold events universally decreased seedling establishment, but non-native species had four times greater survival in the extreme-cold treatment (mean &#xb1; s.e.: 0.108&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.024) compared to native species (0.024&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.018). Furthermore, native seeds were increasingly susceptible to extreme-cold damage following a 120-day chilling period, whereas non-native seeds were able to resist extreme cold equally following all chilling periods.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in eastern North America, cold resistance could be a trait facilitating the success of non-native species. The introduction of non-native species may synergize with climate change to alter community composition, which could have important consequences for forest biodiversity in the Anthropocene.},
}
@article {pmid40140913,
year = {2025},
author = {Menard, J and Cossette, SN and Stewart, J and Somers, CM},
title = {The Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) in Saskatchewan, Canada: current distribution and life history traits of a novel invasive species.},
journal = {BMC zoology},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {8},
pmid = {40140913},
issn = {2056-3132},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) is an invasive fish species from Eurasia that was first found in North America in the Canadian province of Alberta in the early 2000s. In 2018, an established population of Prussian carp was discovered in the neighboring province of Saskatchewan, raising concern for additional spread in Canada and to the USA.<br><br>RESULTS: Prussian carp in Saskatchewan have colonized the South Saskatchewan River and tributaries and are moving towards additional connected systems to the northeast. Direct access to most of southern Saskatchewan and the USA is currently prevented only by the Qu'Appelle Dam on the South Saskatchewan River at Lake Diefenbaker. Prussian carp populations in Saskatchewan were age-stratified and ranged from hatch size (20&#xa0;mm) to a maximum of 42.5&#xa0;cm total length. Aging using otoliths and scales was unreliable, but the largest fish collected were likely&#x2009;>&#x2009;10 years old. Saskatchewan Prussian carp had mixed ploidies with diploid, triploid, and tetraploid individuals intermixed. In Lake Diefenbaker, only adult female and juvenile fish were detected, but males were present in the Anerley Lakes at low relative abundance. Emergence of young of the year Prussian carp began in early July and continued through August, indicating an extended period of reproduction; however, most spawning likely occurred during mid-June. The timing of spawning overlaps with that of a variety of native sucker and shiner species, but sperm donors for potential gynogenesis remain unidentified.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that invasive Prussian carp are well established in Saskatchewan and will likely use provincial waterbodies as a conduit to colonize more areas in North America.},
}
@article {pmid40140730,
year = {2025},
author = {Chapman, A and McAfee, A and Wrightson, KLC and Magaña, AA and Tarpy, DR and Fine, JD and Rempel, Z and Peters, K and Currie, RW and Hoover, SER and Foster, LJ},
title = {Honey bee egg composition changes seasonally and after acute maternal virus infection.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {10418},
pmid = {40140730},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {264PRO//Genome Canada/ ; 374PRO//Genome BC/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/virology/immunology ; Female ; Seasons ; *Ovum/virology/metabolism ; Dicistroviridae ; RNA Viruses ; Proteomics ; Proteome ; },
abstract = {Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies depend on the reproductive output of their queens, which in turn is contingent on the care they receive from worker bees. Viral infections in queens can compromise their reproductive output, while viral infections in workers can inhibit the successful functioning of the colony and its ability to care for the queen. Transgenerational immune priming (TGIP) occurs when queens transfer immune-related compounds or immune elicitors to their offspring, enhancing the ability of subsequent generations to resist infections. These maternal effects on offspring could positively impact colony health and resilience to viral infections, but little is currently known about TGIP for viruses in honey bees. In this study, we investigate how viral infections affect the proteomic composition of eggs laid by queens injected with a mixture of black queen cell virus and deformed wing virus B, both in controlled experimental settings and natural field conditions. Our results showed that virus-challenged queens upregulated immune effectors in their eggs and ovaries. In contrast, naturally infected queens from field surveys did not; there were no significant differences in egg protein, lipid, or metabolite composition related to maternal viral load or ovary size. However, egg collection date strongly influenced the protein, lipid, and metabolite composition of eggs, potentially reflecting seasonal variations in pollen resources. These findings suggest that while viral infections can induce transgenerational effects on egg proteomes under short-term experimental conditions, such effects are less apparent in natural settings and can be overshadowed by seasonal and other ecological factors.},
}
@article {pmid40140650,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, MJ and Lee, SK and Park, Y and Kim, YH and Lee, MG and Nam, Y},
title = {Climatic suitability and spread potential of Anoplophora horsfieldii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a newly identified non-native insect on Jeju Island, Korea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {10428},
pmid = {40140650},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; Republic of Korea ; Ecosystem ; Islands ; *Climate ; Introduced Species ; Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {In 2022, the non-native longhorn beetle Anoplophora horsfieldii (Hope) was officially reported on Jeju Island, Korea, marking its first confirmed occurrence outside its native range. This insect damages living hackberry trees, a common species in Korea, posing a significant threat to tree health due to its high population levels on Jeju Island. This study aimed to estimate the climatic suitability and spread potential of A. horsfieldii to support its effective management in non-native regions, particularly on Jeju Island. We adopted a species distribution modeling (SDM) approach using global presence records and bioclimatic variables to estimate its climatic requirements. Random forest (RF) and gradient boosting machine (GBM) algorithms were used to construct climatic niche models, and their outputs were combined into an ensemble prediction to identify regions with high climatic suitability. Potential habitats were further delineated by integrating the climatic suitability map with vegetation data from Jeju Island. Using this habitat map, we simulated the potential spread of A. horsfieldii on Jeju Island, incorporating demographic processes and various dispersal parameters. Our findings indicate that A. horsfieldii could potentially spread across parts of Southeast and East Asia, including southern Korea and Japan. On Jeju Island, extensive suitable areas were identified through host distribution analysis, suggesting that A. horsfieldii could establish across the island except in the high-altitude regions of Mt. Halla. The spread potential analysis highlights the urgent need for prompt actions to control the expanding population on Jeju Island and calls for further ecological studies on this potential invader. Despite uncertainties arising from limited ecological information, this study highlights the necessity of implementing domestic quarantine measures and control strategies while considering multiple spread scenarios and the dispersal behavior of this insect.},
}
@article {pmid40140403,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, X and Han, W and Chang, X and Tang, C and Chen, K and Bao, L and Zhang, L and Hu, J and Wang, S and Bao, Z},
title = {High-quality genome assembly of the azooxanthellate coral Tubastraea coccinea (Lesson, 1829).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {507},
pmid = {40140403},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/genetics ; Animals ; *Genome ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically significant ecosystems globally, yet they are increasingly degrading due to global climate change and local human activities. The sun coral Tubastraea coccinea (T. coccinea) an obligate heterotroph lacking symbiotic zooxanthellae, exhibits remarkable tolerance to conditions that cause bleaching and mortality in zooxanthellate species. With its extensive low-latitude distribution across multiple oceans, T. coccinea has become a highly invasive species, adversely impacting native species, degrading local ecosystems, and causing significant socio-economic challenges that demand effective management. Despite substantial research efforts, the molecular biology of T. coccinea remains insufficiently characterized. To address this gap, we generated a draft genome assembly for T. coccinea using PacBio Hi-Fi long-read sequencing. The assembly spans 875.9 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 694.3 kb and demonstrates high completeness, with a BUSCO score of 97.4%. A total of 37,307 protein-coding sequences were identified, 95.2% of which were functionally annotated through comparisons with established protein databases. This reference genome provides a valuable resource for understanding the genetic structure of T. coccinea, advancing research into its adaptive mechanism to environmental changes, and informing conservation and management strategies to mitigate its invasive impact.},
}
@article {pmid40139562,
year = {2025},
author = {Martinez, LE and Gilardoni, CMA and Nuria, V and Quintana, S and Martín, PR and Etchegoin, JA and Florencia, C},
title = {First report of a xenoma-forming parasitic ciliate in a gastropod: The case of the invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {211},
number = {},
pages = {108323},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108323},
pmid = {40139562},
issn = {1096-0805},
mesh = {Animals ; *Snails/parasitology ; *Ciliophora/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/ultrastructure ; Introduced Species ; Argentina ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; },
abstract = {The apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is native to South America and has been introduced into many regions outside its natural range. Despite being one of the world's 100 worst invasive species, little is known about the pathologies caused by parasites other than digeneans. Here, we identify and characterize a xenoma-forming ciliate in P. canaliculata from three waterbodies in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, using histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and molecular analyses. Under a stereomicroscope, the xenomas appeared individually as white nodules measuring up to 2 mm in diameter. Of the 133 snails examined by histology, 23 were infected with xenomas (17 %) that occupied the connective tissue of most organs, with 74 % of these were located in the kidney. Snails from the three water bodies were infected. The highest prevalence was observed in the Mar del Plata Port Reserve Pond (25 %), followed by Los Padres Lake (16.4 %) and Pigüé-Venado Channel (14.4 %). Of the infected snails, 70 % had a low infection intensity (fewer than 10 xenomas per slide). No significant inflammatory response was observed in host tissues. However, in specimens with xenoma accumulations, significant tissue changes were observed, including organ enlargement in the gill lamellae, mantle border, and lung, as well as tubule compression and connective tissue replacement in the digestive gland. The host cell becomes hypertrophied, and its nucleus disintegrates. Although no cilia were observed in histological sections, TEM analysis revealed that the organisms had cilia near the cytostome and around the body, a large food vacuole, a macronucleus, and a micronucleus. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rDNA sequence placed the ciliate in the class Phyllopharyngea, showing the closest relationship to an uncultured eukaryote identified by BLAST. This is the fifth record of xenoma-inducing ciliates in mollusks and the first report in a gastropod.},
}
@article {pmid40138894,
year = {2025},
author = {Cruz-Escalante, LE and Nandini, S and Sarma, SSS},
title = {Combined effects of copper and temperature on the functional response of native (Mesocyclops longisetus and Microcyclops dubitabilis) and invasive (Mesocyclops pehpeiensis) copepods fed rotifers and cladocerans.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {974},
number = {},
pages = {179179},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179179},
pmid = {40138894},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Copepoda/physiology/drug effects ; Rotifera/physiology ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Introduced Species ; *Copper/toxicity ; Temperature ; Cladocera/physiology ; Female ; Zooplankton ; Food Chain ; },
abstract = {Environmental stressors such as temperature, heavy metal toxicity and the presence of exotic species may affect the sensitivity and feeding patterns of freshwater zooplankton. However, the combined effect of these stressors is not well studied. The cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops pehpeiensis, was originally described from Asia but is now distributed in North America and Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and functional response of non-gravid and gravid females of two freshwater native copepods: Mesocyclops longisetus and Microcyclops dubitabilis and an invasive species Mesocyclops pehpeiensis fed on the cladoceran Moina macrocopa and the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus exposed to copper at 18, 23 and 28 °C. We hypothesized that the adverse effect of the presence of Cu or non-optimal temperature would be greater on native than the exotic species. Our results showed that nauplii of all three copepod species were eight times more sensitive than adults. Microcyclops dubitabilis was the most sensitive compared to both species of Mesocyclops. Also, the sensitivity of all species in all developmental stages increased with increasing temperature. All three copepod species showed Type II functional response and there were differences in the feeding patterns among the three copepod species. Native M. dubitabilis consumed less prey than the invasive M. pehpeiensis. M. longisetus consumed more cladoceran prey than M. pehpeiensis, but M. pehpeiensis consumed more rotifer prey than M. longisetus. Generally, prey consumption decreased as copper concentration increased. Significant differences in prey consumption were observed between gravid and non-gravid females with regard to the test temperatures, Cu treatments and copepod species tested. Mesocyclops longisetus, especially the non-gravid females generally consumed more prey than M. pehpeiensis, especially at the highest temperature tested (28 °C). Studies on zooplankton can be conducted over a short period but providing insights into the combined effects of stressors on zooplankton communities.},
}
@article {pmid40138683,
year = {2025},
author = {McNeil, C and Divi, N and Bargeron Iv, CT and Capobianco Dondona, A and Ernst, KC and Gupta, AS and Fasominu, O and Keatts, L and Kelly, T and Leal Neto, OB and Lwin, MO and Makhasi, M and Mutagahywa, EB and Montecino-Latorre, D and Olson, S and Pandit, PS and Paolotti, D and Parker, MC and Samad, MH and Sewalk, K and Sheldenkar, A and Srikitjakarn, L and Suy Lan, C and Wilkes, M and Yano, T and Smolinski, M},
title = {Data Parameters From Participatory Surveillance Systems in Human, Animal, and Environmental Health From Around the Globe: Descriptive Analysis.},
journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {e55356},
pmid = {40138683},
issn = {2369-2960},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Environmental Health/methods/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Population Surveillance/methods ; One Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Global Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Emerging pathogens and zoonotic spillover highlight the need for One Health surveillance to detect outbreaks as early as possible. Participatory surveillance empowers communities to collect data at the source on the health of animals, people, and the environment. Technological advances increase the use and scope of these systems. This initiative sought to collate information from active participatory surveillance systems to better understand parameters collected across the One Health spectrum.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop a compendium of One Health data parameters by examining participatory surveillance systems active in 2023. The expected outcomes of the compendium were to pinpoint specific parameters related to human, animal, and environmental health collected globally by participatory surveillance systems and to detail how each parameter is collected. The compendium was designed to help understand which parameters are currently collected and serve as a reference for future systems and for data standardization initiatives.<br><br>METHODS: Contacts associated with the 60 systems identified through the One Health Participatory Surveillance System Map were invited by email to provide specific data parameters, methodologies used for data collection, and parameter-specific considerations. Information was received from 38 (63%) active systems. Data were compiled into a searchable spreadsheet-based compendium organized into 5 sections: general, livestock, wildlife, environmental, and human parameters. An advisory group comprising experts in One Health participatory surveillance reviewed the collected parameters, refined the compendium structure, and contributed to the descriptive analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A comprehensive compendium of data parameters from a diverse array of single-sector and multisector participatory surveillance systems was collated and reviewed. The compendium includes parameters from 38 systems used in Africa (n=3, 8%), Asia (n=9, 24%), Europe (n=12, 32%), Australia (n=3, 8%), and the Americas (n=12, 32%). Almost one-third of the systems (n=11, 29%) collect data across multiple sectors. Many (n=17, 45%) focus solely on human health. Variations in data collection techniques were observed for commonly used parameters, such as demographics and clinical signs or symptoms. Most human health systems collected parameters from a cohort of users tracking their own health over time, whereas many wildlife and environmental systems incorporated event-based parameters.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Several participatory surveillance systems have already adopted a One Health approach, enhancing traditional surveillance by identifying shared health threats among animals, people, and the environment. The compendium reveals substantial variation in how parameters are collected, underscoring the need for further work in system interoperability and data standards to allow for timely data sharing across systems during outbreaks. Parameters collated from across the One Health spectrum represent a valuable resource for informing the development of future systems and identifying opportunities to expand existing systems for multisector surveillance.},
}
@article {pmid40136506,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, X and Song, Z and Chen, B and Yu, W and Dong, H},
title = {Soil Moisture Is the Key Factor Facilitating Giant Ragweed Invasions in Grasslands of the Yili Vally, China.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40136506},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {32460352//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023ZD051//the Corps Guided Science and Technology Program Project/ ; RCZK202365//Shihezi University High level Talent Research Launch Project/ ; },
abstract = {Giant ragweed (GR; Ambrosia trifida L.), an invasive alien species, causes significant harm to grassland ecosystems and farmlands in some areas but is challenging to control. GR has invaded the hilly grasslands of Yili Valley, China, since 2013, and preliminary observations have shown that GR populations on the lower slopes of hills are more successful than those on the middle or upper slopes. To clarify the factors determining GR's invasion success, we compared GR population distributions among slope positions and the relationship between non-biotic factors and the invasion of GR. Of the soil physicochemical properties, only soil moisture differed significantly among slope positions, with the wettest soils found on the lower slopes. GR biomass increased with the soil water content, irrespective of native plant diversity. In our experiment, when the annual average soil volume moisture content exceeded 20.3% and 25.3%, GR could reduce the biomass of native herbs by more than 50% and 80%. Therefore, water is the determining factor of a successful GR invasion in the grasslands of the Yili Valley. On a global scale, it was discovered for the first time that GR can invade temperate grasslands, but also has risks of invading other grasslands that share similar conditions. So, GR invasions of temperate grasslands must be closely monitored, particularly in low-lying areas or those with increasing precipitation.},
}
@article {pmid40135478,
year = {2025},
author = {Nuhfer, TWM and Bradley, BA},
title = {Balancing Risk and Resilience: Which Plant Traits Should Inform Managed Relocation Species Selection?.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e70145},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70145},
pmid = {40135478},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//University of Massachusetts Amherst Spaulding Smith Fellowship/ ; G19AC00091//Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst/ ; G22AC00084-02//Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Plants ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Managed relocation is a critical tool for promoting ecological resilience in the face of climate change, and the approach has been proposed for the ecological restoration of plant communities. Given that the relocation of species poses some risk to the recipient ecosystem, plant traits associated with invasiveness have been proposed as a means for assessing risk and selecting candidate species for managed relocation. However, traits associated with invasiveness could also be relevant to successful restoration (and, in turn, for successful managed relocation)-particularly those linked to the establishment of viable populations. Here, we review studies in invasion and restoration ecology that have paired plant functional, ecological, and biogeographic traits with stages of invasion or successful restoration to ask which traits should be used to inform managed relocation species selection. We find substantial overlap between invasiveness traits and restoration traits during population establishment, but divergence during spread and impacts, suggesting that managed relocation species selection should only focus on traits that promote long-distance spread and impact. Instead, the few existing protocols for managed relocation species selection utilize traits that promote establishment. Given that the risk of unintended harm from managed relocation is orders of magnitude smaller than from non-native plant introduction, focusing on traits that promote establishment in risk assessments is likely to exclude those species most able to establish viable populations, causing failure rates in managed relocation. Instead, we recommend that risk assessments for managed relocation candidates focus on traits linked to invasive species spread or impacts and which are not necessary for restoration. Given the substantial ecological threats posed by climate change, a balanced approach to risk assessment that does not severely limit candidate species will best support successful managed relocation as a climate adaptation strategy.},
}
@article {pmid40134242,
year = {2025},
author = {Trombley, J and Celenza, JL and Frey, SD and Anthony, MA},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Boost Development of an Invasive Brassicaceae.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {48},
number = {7},
pages = {4928-4937},
pmid = {40134242},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This study was supported by the Dick George Invasives Fund awarded to S.D.F. and M.A.A. M.A.A. was supported by a Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) Vienna Research Groups for Young Investigators grant awarded to MAA (VRG22-007)./ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Brassicaceae/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Glucosinolates/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Invasive plant growth is affected by interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF are mutualists of most land plants but suppress the growth of many plants within the Brassicaceae, a large plant family including many invasive species. Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) is a nonnative, nonmycorrhizal Brassicaceae distributed throughout North America in forest understories where native species rely on AMF. If AMF suppress growth of garlic mustard, it may be possible to inoculate AMF to manage invasions. Here, we show that in contrast to expectation, garlic mustard growth nearly doubled in response to AMF inoculation under both laboratory and field conditions. This effect was negatively linked to investments in glucosinolates, a class of defensive compounds. In contrast to typical symbiosis, AMF did not produce arbuscules where nutrient exchange occurs in roots, but AMF inoculation increased plant and soil nitrogen availability. Our findings reveal an adjacent pathway by which AMF promote invasive plant growth without classic symbiotic exchanges. Prior assumptions that garlic mustard suppresses AMF are inadequate to explain invasion success since it benefits from interactions with AMF. This study is the first to demonstrate extensive growth promotion following AMF inoculation in mustard plants, with important implications for invasion biology and agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid40132634,
year = {2025},
author = {Luo, W and Liao, H and Callaway, R and Pal, RW},
title = {Competition on a neutral playing field: invaders still win and size still matters… sometimes.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2043},
pages = {20250087},
pmid = {40132634},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //REA/ ; //Peoples Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Soil ; Ecosystem ; *Plants ; },
abstract = {Exotic invasive plant species commonly outcompete native species. However, a great deal of the evidence for this comes from experiments conducted on an uneven playing field-in substrates containing soil biota from the non-native ranges of the exotics, which should give them a competitive advantage. In competition experiments with nine pairs of non-native invasive versus native species in neutral substrates composed of sterilized soil, we found that the competitive effect of invasive species on natives was approximately five times greater than the reverse, and gram-per-gram competitive effects of invasives on natives were almost two times that of the natives on invasives. The effect of plant size on competitive outcomes was complex. The size of invasive species correlated with their effects on natives but not with their tolerance to competition from natives. The size of natives was not correlated with either aspect of competitive ability. This is important since the tolerance of invaders to competition from natives is thought to be essential for successful invasion. Our results also suggest that assumptions about size-based evidence for the evolution of competitive ability in non-native ranges is reasonable, and that even without the advantage gained from escaping soil biota, invaders still win.},
}
@article {pmid40132044,
year = {2025},
author = {Pajač Beus, M and Lemic, D and Benítez, HA and Pérez, LM and Rot, M and Konjević, A and Andreadis, SS and Pajač Živković, I},
title = {Tracing the invasion: Wing morphometrics reveal population spread and adaptation patterns of Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) across Southern Europe.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {e0319197},
pmid = {40132044},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wings, Animal/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Europe ; *Heteroptera/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {Invasive species such as Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), the brown marmorated stink bug, pose a significant threat to agriculture due to their rapid spread and adaptability. The aim of this study is to assess the phenotypic variability of H. halys populations by analyzing the size and shape morphology of the anterior and posterior wings and to determine whether geometric morphometrics can serve as a cost-effective alternative to genetic methods for tracking invasion patterns. Populations from four southern European countries (Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia and Greece) with 540 specimens and 2,160 wings were analysed and showed clear phenotypic differences in wing morphology consistent with the known invasion dynamics previously determined by genetic studies. Mahalanobis distances highlight the close morphological relationship between the Serbian and Slovenian populations, suggesting common ancestry or recent gene flow, while the Greek and Croatian populations show significant differences, suggesting different invasion pathways or rapid morphological adaptation. The Greek population exhibited lower phenotypic plasticity, whereas the Serbian population displayed the greatest variation, likely reflecting the influence of multiple invasion sources. These results show that wing morphology can reliably detect invasion-related patterns and phenotypic plasticity and is a valuable tool for biomonitoring in integrated pest management programs, especially in areas where genetic methods are less feasible. This study highlights the utility of geometric morphometrics in monitoring the spread and adaptation of invasive species such as H. halys in different environments.},
}
@article {pmid40130427,
year = {2025},
author = {Yan, W and Fu, R and Huang, X and Zhan, A},
title = {Dynamic and Functional miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulations in Response to Recurrent Environmental Challenges During Biological Invasions.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {20},
pages = {e17749},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17749},
pmid = {40130427},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {32471740//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32061143012//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32101352//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*MicroRNAs/genetics ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Ciona intestinalis/genetics ; Salinity ; Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions offer a valuable 'natural experiment' to investigate survival mechanisms, as invaders successfully endure substantial environmental changes during their geographical spread and settlement. Phenotypic plasticity enhances fitness by enabling rapid responses without requiring new genetic variations. Among numerous mechanisms involved in phenotypic plasticity, microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory networks are believed to enable rapid responses by fine-tuning gene expression, though their roles remain poorly understood. By integrating miRNAomic and transcriptomic analyses in the model invasive ascidian Ciona robusta, we simulated recurring salinity stresses encountered during invasions to investigate the molecular mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in response to recurrent environmental challenges. Multiple analyses demonstrated that miRNAs exhibited rapid, dynamic and reversible responses to recurrent stresses, displaying duration-dependent and stage-specific profiles. The upregulation of genes in the miRNA biogenesis process, rather than the decay pathway, primarily accounted for the increased expression abundance of miRNAs. Responsive miRNAs regulated target genes through an intricate regulatory network, demonstrated by both up and downregulatory relationships and diverse binding sites. Interestingly, miRNAs and their target genes exhibited a 'stress memory' effect, where miRNAs 'remembered' previous challenges and further mediated the enhanced response of target genes at later stresses. Functionally, miRNA-mediated salinity coping strategies and associated genes exhibited temporal variations depending on challenge duration and stage, and these strategies primarily involved the modulation and alternation of free amino acid metabolism and ion transport to maintain osmotic homeostasis. These findings highlight the importance of miRNA-mediated regulatory networks in shaping short-term phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental changes.},
}
@article {pmid40128336,
year = {2025},
author = {Zanola, D and Czaczkes, TJ and Josens, R},
title = {Toxic bait abandonment by an invasive ant is driven by aversive memories.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {486},
pmid = {40128336},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {PICT 2016-1676//Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina | Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica (National Agency for Science and Technology, Argentina)/ ; PICT S-up 2017-9//Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina | Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica (National Agency for Science and Technology, Argentina)/ ; Projektnummer 462101190//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology/drug effects ; *Memory ; Pheromones ; *Feeding Behavior ; Introduced Species ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Avoidance Learning ; },
abstract = {Social insects such as ants possess a battery of behavioural mechanisms protecting their colonies against pathogens and toxins. Recently, active abandonment of poisoned food was described in the invasive ant Linepithema humile. During this abandonment, foraging declines by 80% within 6-8 h after baits become toxic-a reduction not due to satiety, diminished motivation, or mortality. Here we explore the mechanisms behind this behaviour, testing two hypotheses: (1) the presence of 'no entry' pheromones near toxic food, and (2) the formation of aversive memories linked to the toxic food site. In field trials, we placed bridges leading to sucrose, nothing, or poisoned sucrose on an active trail. Within hours, 80% of ants abandoned poisoned bait bridges. By swapping bridges strategically, we confirmed that aversive memories formed at toxic bait sites, while no evidence of a 'no entry' pheromone was found. Then, in the laboratory, we asked how ants may be sensing the toxicity of the bait, hypothesising poison-induced malaise. Motility, used as a proxy for malaise, was 29% lower in toxicant-exposed ants after 3 h, linking malaise to abandonment. Developing toxicants with delayed malaise, not just delayed mortality, may improve toxic bait control protocols.},
}
@article {pmid40125409,
year = {2025},
author = {Escobar-Camacho, D and Valdiviezo-Rivera, J and Carrillo-Moreno, C and Argüello, P and Swing, K},
title = {Exceptional concentration of fish diversity in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador (Napo River Basin).},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e136476},
pmid = {40125409},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite limited access and rather deficient sampling in many lowland areas of eastern Ecuador, scientists have been able to demonstrate that this specific region of Amazonia houses extraordinarily high concentrations of species within several taxa - terrestrial and aquatic, plant and animal, vertebrate and invertebrate.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: In this work, we developed an updated list of the ichthyofauna of the Yasun&#xed; National Park (YNP), based on an extensive literature review and databases of the most representative ichthyological collections from Ecuador. Our results yielded 458 species of freshwater fishes distributed in 47 families and 13 orders. This number exceeded previous fish lists from YNP and accounts for a considerable proportion of species inhabiting the Napo River Basin as well as the entire Amazon River Basin.The higher-than-previously-reported species diversity within this protected area, the services these species provide to humans and the absence of invasive species underscore the need for greater efforts and investment in protecting and managing western Amazonian lands and waters.},
}
@article {pmid40125406,
year = {2025},
author = {Itsukushima, R and Adnan, MS and Tomiyama, Y and Kano, Y and Otsu, K and Zanorin, MF},
title = {Database of Ichthyofauna in urban streams of Johor Bahru, Malaysia.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e148173},
pmid = {40125406},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Urbanisation leads to the degradation of ecosystems through various factors, such as the deterioration of water quality, changes in water and material cycles and the degradation of biological habitats. Amongst these, aquatic organisms are particularly affected by the loss of habitats due to river canalisation and the impacts of invasive species. It has been widely reported that, in regions where invasive species have been introduced and native species have declined, homogenisation of fish populations occurs, resulting in a significant reduction in biodiversity. This loss of diversity disrupts the ecosystem's stability and resilience, further compounding the negative effects of urbanisation on aquatic environments. However, the impact of urbanisation on fish populations varies depending on the local ecosystem and the degree of urbanisation, necessitating the examination of ecosystem changes induced by urbanisation in each specific region. The Peninsula Malaysia, which is the focus of this study, is a global hotspot for freshwater biodiversity. However, the effects of urbanisation on fish populations in this region have been scarcely studied. The Masai River Basin, which is the subject of this investigation, is located in the Iskandar Development Region, an area undergoing rapid urbanisation. Understanding the consequences of urbanisation on the fish populations and broader ecosystems in this region is critical for providing information for future conservation and management strategies.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: A fish survey was conducted at 19 sites in the Masai River Basin, which is an urbanised watershed, focusing on river channels that have been straightened or converted into concrete-lined waterways. Additionally, fish surveys were conducted at eight sites in non-urbanised areas for comparison. The survey resulted in the collection of nine orders, 15 families, 28 genera, 32 species and a total of 3,007 individuals. In the urbanised sites, the proportion of native species in the total catch was extremely low, averaging only 10.4% across all sites, with invasive species making up the majority of the individuals captured. This indicates the significant shift in species composition due to urbanisation and the dominance of non-native species in these environments. On the other hand, in the non-urbanised areas, the proportion of native species was high at 88.7%, highlighting the significant impact of urbanisation on the invasion of non-native species. Particularly in the downstream areas of the urbanised watershed, species such as Poeciliasphenops, Mayaherosurophthalmus and Poeciliareticulata were frequently captured. In contrast, at sites in the upstream areas where forested habitats remained intact, native species listed on the IUCN Red List, such as Parambassissiamensis and Clariasbatrachus, were captured. The study revealed that urbanisation and development in the targeted watershed are progressing rapidly, underscoring the urgent need for the conservation and restoration of habitats for these native species.},
}
@article {pmid40124618,
year = {2025},
author = {Pochon, X and Bowers, HA and Zaiko, A and Wood, SA},
title = {Advancing the environmental DNA and RNA toolkit for aquatic ecosystem monitoring and management.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19119},
pmid = {40124618},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*DNA, Environmental/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Ecosystem ; *RNA/analysis ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; },
abstract = {The application of environmental DNA (eDNA) and RNA (eRNA) technologies to aquatic ecosystem monitoring and management has increased rapidly in the last decade. These methods are providing many new and exciting opportunities for enhanced biodiversity assessment, ecological health evaluation, and species detection. This special issue of PeerJ Life and Environment brings together 20 innovative studies that collectively advance the eDNA toolkit. Four key themes are covered: (i) Methodological advancements, (ii) Ecological health assessments and biomonitoring, (iii) Species detection, and (iv) Application and management. The studies cover a suite of topics including; optimizing sample collection, developing species-specific assays, evaluating bioindicator species, assessing microbial activity, and biodiversity monitoring in diverse freshwater and marine habitats. Emerging applications, such as the use of genome skimming to identify new fish markers, showcase the many new advancements in this field. The studies in this issue also highlight challenges, including the need for standardized protocols and ethical considerations that must be addressed before these tools can be implemented or adopted for decision making at national or global scales. Together, these contributions demonstrate the transformative potential of environmental nucleic acids' technologies for advancing aquatic conservation and management. By bridging methodological rigor with applied research, the studies in this special issue provide an important resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners committed to sustainable aquatic ecosystem stewardship.},
}
@article {pmid40122517,
year = {2025},
author = {Benoit, JB and Weaving, H and McLellan, C and Terblanche, JS and Attardo, GM and English, S},
title = {Viviparity and obligate blood feeding: tsetse flies as a unique research system to study climate change.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {101369},
pmid = {40122517},
issn = {2214-5753},
support = {R01 AI148551/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI166633/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U17 CE002009/CE/NCIPC CDC HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Tsetse Flies/physiology/microbiology/parasitology ; *Climate Change ; *Viviparity, Nonmammalian ; Feeding Behavior ; Insect Vectors/physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; },
abstract = {Tsetse flies (Glossina species) are unique organisms that combine several remarkable traits: they are obligate blood feeders, serve as critical vectors for African trypanosomes, and reproduce through adenotrophic viviparity - a process in which offspring are nourished with milk-like secretions before being born live. Here, we explore how climate change will impact the physiological processes associated with live birth in tsetse. This includes considerations of how blood feeding, host-pathogen interactions, and host-symbiont dynamics are likely to be impacted by thermal shifts. The highly specialized biology of tsetse flies suggests that this system is likely to have a distinctive response to climate change. Thus, detailed empirical research into these unique features is paramount for predicting tsetse population dynamics under climate change, with caution required when generalizing from other well-studied vectors with contrasting ecology and life histories such as mosquitoes and ticks. At the same time, the reproductive biology of tsetse, as well as microbiome and feeding dynamics, allow for a powerful model to investigate climate change through the lens of pregnancy and associated physiological adaptations in an extensively researched invertebrate.},
}
@article {pmid40122515,
year = {2025},
author = {Chouvenc, T},
title = {Invasive termites and their growing global impact as major urban pests.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {101368},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2025.101368},
pmid = {40122515},
issn = {2214-5753},
mesh = {Animals ; *Isoptera/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Animal Distribution ; Cities ; },
abstract = {While termites play important ecological roles, a fraction of species have strong invasive capabilities and represent urban pests of economic importance worldwide. Their invasive potential is exacerbated by human activities such as maritime transport, with privately owned boats serving as key vectors for local and global termite dispersal, particularly for Cryptotermes and Coptotermes pest species. Land establishment by invasive termites can remain undetected for decades, often making eradication attempts too late to succeed. Ultimately, invasive termite species will likely continue to spread at the global scale, and recent new invasive records point toward an underestimation of their actual current invasive status.},
}
@article {pmid40121913,
year = {2025},
author = {Fernandez, S and Acle, S and Dopico, E and Masiá, P and Menéndez, D and Rick, J and Ardura, A and Garcia-Vazquez, E},
title = {Anthropogenic stressors that favour nuisance species. A study from environmental DNA in marine plankton samples.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {973},
number = {},
pages = {179194},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179194},
pmid = {40121913},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Environmental Monitoring ; *Plankton ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis ; *Introduced Species ; Biodiversity ; *Anthropogenic Effects ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic stressors reduce marine biodiversity. Tolerant species may develop in altered areas where they occupy niches that native species are unable to use. Species of biosecurity concern, like invasive aliens or harmful microalgae, are especially successful in disturbed areas. Here, we employed multiple regression approach to investigate the relationship between the proportion of planktonic stages of invasives and anthropogenic stressors. Planktonic species were inventoried from environmental DNA on water samples from the Bay of Biscay. Key findings were that the proportion of invasives was associated with port and touristic activities that are vectors for biological invaders, and with industrial pollution, likely for their tolerance to disturbed environments. The proportion of toxic algae was correlated with port activity, reinforcing the role of maritime traffic as a vector of harmful microalgae. An increase of nuisance species is expected under the current growth of pollution in the ocean. Promoting awareness of biological invasions among maritime sectors and tourists, and controlling pollution, seem priorities for environmental conservation in this region and elsewhere.},
}
@article {pmid40121715,
year = {2025},
author = {Rangel-Pereira, FS and Castro, MCT and Scapolatempore, MP and Fernandes, LDA and Coutinho, R and Ruiz, GM},
title = {Potential contribution of foreign-flagged recreational and craft vessels to the introduction and spread of non-indigenous species: A preliminary assessment for Brazil.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {215},
number = {},
pages = {117841},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117841},
pmid = {40121715},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Brazil ; *Ships ; *Recreation ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Animals ; Risk Assessment ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Biofouling ; },
abstract = {The role of recreational boats as pathways for the introduction and spread of non-indigenous species (NIS) has been regarded as a secondary concern by international regulations. Nonetheless, recent studies indicated that recreational crafts may cause up to 60 % of introductions in some regions. By keeping official records of foreign crafts transiting in its jurisdictional waters, the Brazilian Maritime Authority has a useful database. The present study combines these data with environmental parameters to map and assess the biofouling-mediated risks associated with recreational boats entering Brazilian Jurisdictional waters (BJW). Eight regional captaincies were selected as the main entry gates for BJW. Across five years (2019-2024), each route used by foreign recreational boats to reach these captaincies was mapped and had an associated NIS introduction risk calculated through a modified version of GloBallast Risk Assessment Approach (GRAA). The analysis of records identified 84 entry routes for recreational boats in BJW. The captaincies of Rio Grande do Sul (CPRS) and Rio de Janeiro had the highest connectivity, with 20 and 15 routes, respectively. In contrast, the captaincies of Maranhão and São Paulo were the least connected, each with five routes. Risk values ranged approximately from 0.1 for the route from Isle of Man to captaincy of Santa Catarina to 7.5 for the route from Buenos Aires to CPRS. The findings allow management to direct resources to higher-risk areas, reaching more effective results. Future work will involve cataloging fouling species on recreational vessels to refine risk assessments and management strategies against NIS.},
}
@article {pmid40120426,
year = {2025},
author = {Román, S and Vázquez, R},
title = {Assessment of the Rugulopteryx okamurae invasion in Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean bioregions: Colonisation status, propagation hypotheses and temperature tolerance thresholds.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {107093},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107093},
pmid = {40120426},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Atlantic Ocean ; Temperature ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; *Rhodophyta/physiology ; Mediterranean Region ; Thermotolerance ; },
abstract = {The recent proliferation of the invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae in the Mediterranean and Northeastern Atlantic regions poses significant ecological and socioeconomic threats. This study analyses the current state of knowledge on the invasion, assesses the primary dispersal vectors, and evaluates its invasive potential through temperature tolerance. Using Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, publications from 2004 to 2024 were reviewed and categorized into five key areas: physiology, distribution and spread, ecological impacts, socioeconomic consequences, and management strategies. The bibliographic search evidenced a significant increase in studies concerning R. okamurae over the last years (from 1 in 2020 to 38 in 2024). The results also indicated a certain agreement regarding the vector of introduction of this alga into the Strait of Gibraltar in 2015-2016 (ballast waters of merchant ships) but the rapid spread towards Mediterranean and Atlantic areas remains unclear. Nonetheless, aquaculture activities and currents were pointed out as significant dispersal vectors. The temperature analyses highlighted the broad thermal tolerance range of R. okamurae, from 10 °C to 30 °C, which contribute to its extensive colonisation. Therefore, this study underscores the need for urgent management actions to limit the expansion of R. okamurae and mitigate the negative effects observed on coastal ecosystems and economies of colonised areas.},
}
@article {pmid40117744,
year = {2025},
author = {Koutsikos, N and Vavalidis, T and Perdikaris, C and Zogaris, S and Vardakas, L},
title = {Anthropogenic influences reshape lentic fish diversity: Patterns of homogenization and differentiation across a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {973},
number = {},
pages = {179154},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179154},
pmid = {40117744},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; Animals ; *Fishes/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Anthropogenic Effects ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Fresh Water ; Ecosystem ; Mediterranean Region ; },
abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly impacted by human activities, resulting in species invasions and extinctions, disrupting biodiversity and ecosystem functions. This study investigates the patterns of taxonomic and functional homogenization and differentiation in fish assemblages within 103 lentic ecosystems across a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot (Greece). We focus on how non-native species have altered the taxonomic and functional diversity at both national and ecoregional levels while exploring the drivers and pathways behind these changes. Our analysis combined historical and current species data, evaluating the effects of species introductions and local extinctions on biodiversity of distinct freshwater ecoregions. We calculated taxonomic and functional similarities using Jaccard and Gower dissimilarity indices and employed generalized linear models (GLMs) to assess the significance of changes over time. Results reveal significant taxonomic homogenization across lentic ecosystems, primarily driven by the introduction of widespread alien and translocated fish species. In contrast, functional homogenization was less pronounced, with some regions exhibiting differentiation, including increases in species richness due to the introduction of species with distinct ecological traits. Non-native species introduced through angling, ornamental trade, and unintentional pathways were the primary contributors to homogenization. The findings highlight prominent regional differences and vulnerabilities: mainland ecoregions experienced stronger homogenization, while insular ecoregions have experienced taxonomic differentiation. Additionally, the study reveals a decoupling of taxonomic and functional changes, emphasizing the need to consider both in biodiversity assessments and conservation management. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how species invasions reshape biodiversity patterns and ecosystem functions in freshwater systems. Our approach provides a useful framework for assessing biotic homogenization and differentiation, with implications for conservation and management strategies worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid40116608,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, L and Huang, L and Cheng, XC and Ma, XH and Yang, J and Huai, WX and Lin, RZ and Zhang, HY and Yao, YX},
title = {Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation pattern of an endoparasitoid parasitizing the invasive gall midge across China.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {3},
pages = {1061-1071},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf060},
pmid = {40116608},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {32470483//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Genetic Variation ; China ; *Wasps/genetics/physiology ; *Diptera/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; },
abstract = {Platygaster robiniae Buhl &amp; Duso (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) is an important parasitoid of the black locust gall midge Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an invasive pest that has spread from its native range in North America to Europe and Asia in recent decades. As the dominant natural enemy of O. robiniae in both its native and introduced regions, P. robiniae plays a notable role in the biocontrol of the invasive pest. Understanding the population genetic structure and historical dynamics of P. robiniae is important for gaining valuable insights into the interactions between the parasitoid and invasive species of O. robiniae. However, these aspects remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation and historical dynamics of 22 P. robiniae populations across China using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Our results revealed a high level of genetic diversity and significant genetic differentiation. P. robiniae populations represented relatively abundant haplotypes (59 haplotypes) and phylogenic relationships showed that all populations clustered into 2 clades. Demographic analyses suggested that P. robiniae populations in China have undergone a recent population expansion. These findings provided valuable genetic insights into P. robiniae and contributed to a better understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of an endoparasitoid associated with an invasive gall midge in newly colonized regions.},
}
@article {pmid40115274,
year = {2025},
author = {Díaz, AC and Martin, SM},
title = {Use and application of iNaturalist on land snails from Argentina.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19152},
pmid = {40115274},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; Argentina ; *Snails/classification ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Gastropods are a large and diverse taxonomic group, and South America has an impressive diversity of land snails. However, there are no accurate and complete lists or estimates of native species' richness in South America. The aim of this work is to evaluate the use of iNaturalist in Argentina for terrestrial gastropods and its potential to contribute to the knowledge of malacofauna. A search was performed for Argentina on 15 June 2024, filtering observations for terrestrial gastropods, yielding 3,758 records, of which about 10% were of interest for this work. Exotic species represented between 60-63% of the observations in iNaturalist, and native species represented between 37-40%, with post-validation and pre-validation respectively. The geographical distribution of exotic species was mostly concentrated in the urban areas of the capital cities, and the observations of native species were concentrated in a few provinces. It was possible to detect and expand the distribution area of exotic species such as Rumina decollata, Limacus flavus, Bradybaena similaris, Deroceras laeve, Deroceras reticulatum, Deroceras invadens, Arion intermedius, Milax gagates, Limax maximus, Vallonia pulchella, possibly Laevicaulis alte; native species such as Phyllocaulis soleiformis, Drymaeus poecilus, Drymaeus papyraceus. Potential species not recorded in Argentina were identified as Helix pomatia, Mesembrinus gereti. We also recorded species within the known range, potential new species not described by science, a possible case of accidental transfer of Mesembrinus interpunctus, and the prediction of the distribution of Megalobulimus lorentzianus was verified. Through the development of this study, we were able to demonstrate the relevance of citizen science in providing interesting contributions to the knowledge of terrestrial mollusks biodiversity in Argentina.},
}
@article {pmid40114664,
year = {2025},
author = {Austad, B and Závorka, L and Cucherousset, J and Höjesjö, J},
title = {Effects of Brook Trout Invasion on Behavioral and Dietary Shifts in Brown Trout.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e70995},
pmid = {40114664},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Behavioral variation within a population is generally maintained by frequency dependent selection, allowing various personalities to coexist. Bolder individuals usually engage in more risky behaviors that can gain fitness benefits such as growth under certain conditions. Therefore, it has been suggested that there should be a link between personality and dietary niches, but the results so far are inconsistent. In addition, the equilibrium of the distribution of behavioral traits and the trophic niche of native populations may shift following the introduction of an invasive species. Here, using the invasive brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and native brown trout (Salmo trutta) as model species in two different natural streams in Sweden, we aimed to test whether (1) the trophic niche of native brown trout living in allopatry and brown trout living in sympatry with brook trout differ and (2) bolder brown trout individuals utilize a different foraging niche. Our results suggest that there is a dietary niche convergence between brown trout and brook trout, which likely is a result of brook trout invasion, but that the trophic niche of native brown trout varies across streams, possibly due to differing invasion impacts (varying ratio of brook trout to brown trout). We also found a strong positive correlation between trophic position and personality of brown trout irrespective of the presence of brook trout.},
}
@article {pmid40110734,
year = {2025},
author = {Lavoie, DR and Oliveira, K},
title = {Non-lethal detection of the invasive American eel parasite Anguillicola crassus.},
journal = {Diseases of aquatic organisms},
volume = {161},
number = {},
pages = {87-93},
doi = {10.3354/dao03849},
pmid = {40110734},
issn = {0177-5103},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; *Anguilla/parasitology ; *Air Sacs/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; *Spirurida Infections/veterinary/parasitology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {The invasive species Anguillicola crassus is a nematode that infects the swimbladders of anguillid eels. Heavy, repeated infections cause the swimbladder to become thickened and scarred, which can alter swimbladder gas volume, increase energy demands of buoyancy regulation, and influence normal function. Silver-phase (sexually maturing) eels migrate up to thousands of kilometers to the Sargasso Sea to reproduce, and increased energetic requirements may be detrimental to migration and breeding success. Currently, the best practice to confirm A. crassus infection is to dissect an eel and examine the swimbladder. We used a portable digital X-ray system to determine the presence of A. crassus in American eels Anguilla rostrata. Silver-phase eels were anesthetized and radiographed. Post-imaging, individuals were dissected to compare the contents of the swimbladder to the radiographs. Infections appeared opaque on radiographs. Results showed no false positives and an accuracy of 74.8%. Out of 193 X-rayed eels, 107 contained parasites; 27 infections were undetectable on radiographs (false negatives). Detection was influenced by the intensity, size, and location of parasites within the swimbladder. This digital X-ray method is a quick and non-lethal process that could be incorporated into existing monitoring programs.},
}
@article {pmid40110622,
year = {2025},
author = {Miroshnyk, N and Grabovska, T and Roubík, H},
title = {The spread of the invasive species Reynoutria japonica Houtt. will both expand and contract with climate change: results of climate modelling for 14 European countries.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {7},
pages = {3642-3653},
pmid = {40110622},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//The Research Institute for Sustainability (RIFS) Potsdam, Germany/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; Europe ; *Climate Models ; Temperature ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The study of invasive plant species distribution involves changes in their ranges and ecological niches under the projected global temperature increase until 2100. However, climate modeling of habitat suitability for Reynoutria japonica in Europe remains limited, hindering risk assessment and effective management of its spread. We used the MaxEnt model to assess the potential distribution of R. japonica in 14 European countries.<br><br>RESULTS: It was found that the range of the taxon will expand into northern regions by 13.6% or 17.0%, depending on the scenario. However, range contraction in southern and central regions is expected to reach 26%. As a result, by 2100, a slight overall reduction in range (by 9-13%) is projected due to the decrease in distribution areas in southern parts of Europe, where maximum air temperatures will rise. Temperature variability throughout the year and precipitation during the warmest quarter are limiting factors for the spread. The minimum temperature of the growing season will influence distribution projections for 2060, whereas under current climate conditions, this parameter does not have a limiting effect. A general framework for controlling invasions of Reynoutria Houtt. taxa has been developed for both national and international levels.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study identified the dynamics of the invasive species' spread in Europe in relation to global climate change, assessed the risks of colonization in new areas, and provided tools for regulation and management to improve the prediction of potential distribution. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40108861,
year = {2025},
author = {Talukder, P and Dasgupta, M and Hazra, A and Adhikari, A and Dutta, A and Sengupta, S and Karmakar, M},
title = {Impact of Invasive Weeds Lantana camara L. and Parthenium hysterophorus L. on the Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).},
journal = {Biotechnology and applied biochemistry},
volume = {72},
number = {5},
pages = {1405-1427},
doi = {10.1002/bab.2751},
pmid = {40108861},
issn = {1470-8744},
mesh = {*Abelmoschus/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Weeds/metabolism ; *Lantana/metabolism ; *Asteraceae/metabolism ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; Flavonoids/metabolism ; *Secondary Metabolism ; Parthenium hysterophorus ; },
abstract = {The impact of two invasive weed species, Lantana camara and Parthenium hysterophorus, on the development and secondary metabolism of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is the focus of this study. We explored the potential role of secondary metabolites as antioxidants to mitigate the stress induced by these common weeds on okra plants with special emphasis on chlorogenic acid (CGA). The study has been done with six experimental setups. One setup includes okra grown alone, and another set consists of okra co-cultivation with L. camara, P. hysterophorus, and a combination of both. Each setup consisted of 30 plants of each species. After these, biochemical assays were done to measure the production of secondary metabolites, which include polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants. They are all measured in response to weed-induced stress. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants displayed a significant increment in okra when co-cultivated with Lantana or Parthenium. Co-cultivation with both weeds presented synergistic negative effects, like that interaction is characterized by elevated markers of stress, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating the compounded adverse effect on the okra plants. Moreover, it points out the effect of the weed's presence on secondary metabolism in okra. Gene expression analysis of two genes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT), which are critical in the phenylpropanoid pathway, validated the role of secondary metabolites in weed-induced stress alleviation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis shows that CGA has increased significantly in okra plants co-cultivated with weeds. It suggests a plant response to counteract weed-induced stress by enhancing CGA production. Therefore, the study shows the impact of weeds on stress indicators, such as ROS, RNS, and MDA. So, it is observed that stress levels are increased in okra in the weed's presence, as indicated by high lipid and proline content. These findings suggest practical strategies for weed management by enhancing secondary metabolism in crops to improve resilience and productivity under stress conditions caused by invasive weeds.},
}
@article {pmid40108258,
year = {2025},
author = {Szymkowiak, P and Konecka, E and Rutkowski, T and Pecyna, A and Szwajkowski, P},
title = {Alien spiders in a palm house with the first report of parthenogenetic Triaeris stenaspis (Araneae: Oonopidae) infected by Wolbachia from new supergroup X.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9512},
pmid = {40108258},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wolbachia/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; *Spiders/microbiology/classification ; Phylogeny ; Symbiosis ; Poland ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Parthenogenesis ; },
abstract = {Palm houses in Europe serve as urban biodiversity hot spots for alien spiders. As a result of several years of research in the Poznań Palm House, we documented the occurrence of 14 spider species, 9 of which were alien to Europe: Coleosoma floridanum, Hasarius adansoni, Howaia mogera, Ostearius melanopygius, Parasteatoda tabulata, Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Scytodes fusca, Spermophora kerinci and Triaeris stenaspis. The most abundant species was C. floridanum (39.9%). Three spider species were recorded for the first time in Poland: C. floridanum, S. fusca and S. kerinci. We studied the occurrence of endosymbiotic Wolbachia and Cardinium in parthenogenetic T. stenaspis and recorded for the first time the occurrence of Wolbachia in this spider. The endosymbiont was characterized based on the sequences of six bacterial housekeeping genes: 16S rRNA, coxA, fbpA, ftsZ, gatB and hcpA. Our phylogenetic reconstruction of Wolbachia supergroups revealed that the bacteria recovered from the spider formed distinct lineages in relation to all known supergroups. We assigned it to a novel supergroup X with unique sequences within the 16S rRNA and ftsZ genes. We discussed faunistic results in terms of long-term survival rates and the risk of invasion of alien species of spiders.},
}
@article {pmid40108247,
year = {2025},
author = {Halabowski, D and Pyrzanowski, K and Zięba, G and Grabowska, J and Przybylski, M and Smith, C and Reichard, M},
title = {The impact of invasive Sinanodonta woodiana (Bivalvia, Unionidae) and mussel macroparasites on the egg distribution of parasitic bitterling fish in host mussels.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9417},
pmid = {40108247},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2021/41/B/NZ8/02567//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Bivalvia/parasitology/physiology ; *Ovum/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Facilitative and competitive interactions among coexisting parasite species, as well as among alternative host species, produce considerable ecological and evolutionary responses to host-parasite relationships. Such effects can be illuminated by impacts of non-native species on relationships in local communities. We used the association between parasitic European bitterling fish (Rhodeus amarus) and unionid mussels (which host bitterling eggs in their gills) to test the effects of the invasive Chinese pond mussel (Sinanodonta woodiana) and the presence of non-bitterling mussel macroparasites on the pattern of host mussel use by the bitterling across 12 unionid mussel communities with the absence or presence of S. woodiana (and variation in duration of coexistence with local species). While all six European mussel species were used by the bitterling (with the prevalence of > 30% in Unio spp.), no S. woodiana individual was infected by the bitterling. The presence of S. woodiana did not affect bitterling eggs distribution in native mussels. Large native mussels hosted more bitterling. Infection by non-bitterling parasites, mostly water mites (prevalence 47%) and trematodes (25%), did not affect rates of bitterling parasitism. We discuss our results in the context of the rapid evolution of non-native species in their new range and its implication on mussel conservation.},
}
@article {pmid40108076,
year = {2025},
author = {Hollett, L and Padgett, T and Canuti, M and White, C and Brenton, C and Wight, J and Chapman, T and Lang, A and Whitney, H and Carson, K and Finnis, J and Sarkar, A},
title = {Citizen Science Detection and Characterization of Mosquito-Borne Viruses.},
journal = {EcoHealth},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {256-267},
pmid = {40108076},
issn = {1612-9210},
mesh = {Animals ; *Citizen Science/methods ; *Culicidae/virology ; Humans ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; Introduced Species ; *Encephalitis Virus, California/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Citizen science has long been applied to collect data on mosquito abundance and distribution and thereby provide critical information on the movements of invasive species and potentially associated human pathogens. This study, conducted in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador and in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, showed that citizen scientists can provide mosquito samples from remote locations in a very cost-effective manner, and, thereby, contribute to the development of a comprehensive spatial database on native and invasive species. However, there have been some concerns about the quality of such data, and the reliability and sustainability of such means of conducting surveillance. Virological screening allowed us to identify 6.2% (17/274) of the tested mosquito pools as positive for either snowshoe hare virus (SHV, 14 pools) or Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV)-like viruses (3 pools). Additionally, we found evidence of clear geographic patterns in SHV circulation and identified a novel and likely reassortant JCV-like virus. The detection of viruses in native species from remote rural locations clearly validated the importance of public participation in mosquito surveillance. Despite several potential issues, citizen science can become an indispensable means of enabling ecological research in the context of public and animal health.},
}
@article {pmid40108004,
year = {2025},
author = {Almaazmi, A and Al-Ruzouq, R and Shanableh, A and El-Keblawy, A and Jena, R and Gibril, MBA and Hammouri, NA and Talib, MA},
title = {Machine learning-based habitat mapping of the invasive Prosopis juliflora in Sharjah, UAE.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {4},
pages = {440},
pmid = {40108004},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Machine Learning ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Prosopis/growth &amp; development ; United Arab Emirates ; },
abstract = {Prosopis juliflora, one of the most invasive trees, adversely affects the ecosystem and native plant communities in arid lands. This disrupts biodiversity and depletes water resources, posing significant ecological and economic challenges. Several attempts have been made to control this species in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) deserts but with little success. This study identifies and maps environmental variables influencing P. juliflora habitats using machine learning (ML); employs maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and statistical techniques to estimate its presence in Sharjah, UAE, home to one of its most intense populations; and conducts validation and sensitivity analysis. Eleven environmental variables representing geological, geomorphological, hydrological, eco-indicators, and climatological factors were selected to map the spread of the associated P. juliflora hazard. Variables were selected using collinearity and variance inflation factor (VIF) to eliminate bias, and ML techniques assigned weights based on overall accuracy (OA) and the Kappa coefficient before model implementation. Finally, a statistical comparison with MaxEnt was conducted to map P. juliflora habitats, classifying suitability as very high, high, low, and very low while estimating model accuracy. The results indicated that MaxEnt achieved a higher area under the curve (AUC 0.98) and more logical outcomes than statistical models (AUC 0.85) due to its superior handling of collinearity, complex environmental interactions, and capability of minimizing overfitting. The main findings show that the variable weights for MaxEnt and statistical models are primarily influenced by precipitation (27.0% and 18.18%), groundwater depth (14.9% and 26.8%), and total dissolved solids (TDS) (20.9% and 26.22%), respectively, indicating a shift in habitat distribution towards the eastern regions of the study area. Habitat mapping of P. juliflora is essential for local stakeholders and policymakers in decision-making regarding species conservation, sustainable land use, and climate adaptation. The findings conclude that ML offers a viable approach for habitat modeling of invasive species in similar arid regions worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid40106980,
year = {2025},
author = {Romão, F and Quaresma, A and Simão, J and Amaral, S and Leite, R and Bravo-Córdoba, FJ and Sanz-Ronda, FJ and Pinheiro, AN and Santos, JM},
title = {Stopping invaders: Moving towards a selective vertical slot fishway to prevent the passage of non-native cyprinids.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {125004},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125004},
pmid = {40106980},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animal Migration ; Carps ; *Cyprinidae ; Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; *Introduced Species ; Power Plants ; *Rivers ; Spain ; Water Movements ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Invasive fish species are a major driver of freshwater ecosystem degradation across the globe. This urgent problem is particularly tough to manage in dammed rivers, where the reestablishment of longitudinal connectivity for native fish is achieved through the placement of fish passage devices, which can open a new corridor for the dispersal of these taxa to previously inaccessible habitats. In an attempt to solve this dilemma and prevent their dispersal, an experimental study was conducted in a full-scale Vertical Slot Fishway (VSF) to assess the passage performance of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), an invasive non-native cyprinid species widespread in the Iberian Peninsula. With this objective, two configurations were designed and tested, where the main hydraulic parameters that govern fishway operation (discharge, flow velocity, turbulence and slope) were adjusted to exceed design guidelines set for cyprinid species. Common carp passage trials were conducted in configuration VSFh1 and VSFh2 (N = 8 in each configuration), varying in water depth - 0.55 m and 0.80 m, respectively, and both were set up with a high slope (15,2 %), head drop (Δh = 0.28 m) and volumetric dissipation power higher than literature recommendations (Pv > 150 Wm[-3]). Fish movements were assessed in terms of motivation, transit time and ascent analysis using a time-to-event approach. The hydrodynamic scenarios experienced by fish during the trials were investigated with a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. Common carp passage results were compared with the performance of a native cyprinid species, namely the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), and pointed to selective fishway configurations, which hindered invasive fish passage movements, but favored the native species. In both configurations, common carp revealed a lower motivation with a significantly lower probability of performing passage attempts compared to the Iberian barbel. Regarding the ascent movements, none of the common carp tested managed to pass VSFh1 while in VSFh2 only one individual managed to ascend (of 3 that attempted - 33 %). Comparatively, the Iberian barbel managed to ascend both configurations, with VSFh1 showing a higher number (17) of these movements (of 17 that attempted to pass - 100 %). Overall, these promising results point to a selective passage under the tested configurations, specifically configuration VSFh1 that can assist managers in reestablishing river connectivity while deterring the spread of non-native invasive fish. Nonetheless, further studies and field validation are required to reinforce the present findings.},
}
@article {pmid40105693,
year = {2025},
author = {Flores, AM and Christensen, KA and Godin, T and Palti, Y and Campbell, MR and Waldbieser, GC and Simpson, SA and Scheffler, BE and Smith, SR and Whiteley, AR and Kovach, RP and Luikart, G and Boyer, MC and Kardos, M and Relyea, S and Wells, C and Koop, BF},
title = {The genome assembly of the westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus lewisi, reveals interspecific chromosomal rearrangements with the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40105693},
issn = {2160-1836},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //USDA Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Oncorhynchus mykiss/genetics ; *Genome ; *Oncorhynchus/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Haplotypes ; Genomics/methods ; *Gene Rearrangement ; Chromosomes/genetics ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; },
abstract = {Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) are popular among anglers throughout their native range along the West Coast and interior of North America. As they colonized the interior of North America, cutthroat trout diverged into several genetically distinct groups. Many of these groups are now threatened by habitat destruction, hybridization with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and competition from introduced species. These groups were previously classified as subspecies, but recent research suggests that they may represent distinct species. In this study, we produced a chromosomal-level genome assembly and a genetic map for one of the species in the cutthroat trout species complex, the westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus lewisi-formerly Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi). We also constructed haplotype-resolved assemblies from a westslope cutthroat-rainbow trout F1 hybrid. We used the new genome assemblies to identify major interspecific chromosomal rearrangements between the 2 sister species, including fusions, fissions, and inversions. These genome assemblies and chromosome data provide valuable insights regarding genetic variation within cutthroat trout and in hybrids between rainbow and cutthroat trout.},
}
@article {pmid40105638,
year = {2025},
author = {Sousa, JWG and Falkenberg, JM and Lima, VMM and Winkeler, IE and Ramos, TPA and Lustosa-Costa, SY and Menezes, RF and Lacerda, ACF},
title = {Revealing the first records of endoparasitic interactions in the non-native fish Moenkhausia costae within a reservoir in Northeastern Brazil.},
journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias},
volume = {97},
number = {1},
pages = {e20240651},
doi = {10.1590/0001-3765202520240651},
pmid = {40105638},
issn = {1678-2690},
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; Rivers ; *Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology ; *Fishes/parasitology/classification ; Introduced Species ; *Nematoda/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Parasites are an important part of ecosystems, but are frequently ignored in studies on major anthropogenic impacts on aquatic environments. Biological invasions are responsible for biodiversity loss, and are one of the possible consequences of water transfer projects. In addition, there is a possibility that the non-native species brings, at least in part, its parasite fauna to the invaded area, or acquire new parasites in the new environment. Here, we investigated the endoparasites of a non-native fish species that was recently recorded in the upper Paraíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil, after a major water transfer project. Fifty specimens of Moenkhausia costae were collected from the Poções reservoir, Monteiro municipality, Paraíba State. Forty-two hosts were parasitized (84%), and 179 parasite specimens were collected. The endoparasite community was composed of six species of nematodes. There was no significant correlation between parasitism and the size of the hosts, nor the host's condition factor. Although the size of parasitized and non-parasitized fish did not differ, the relative condition factor was significantly higher for parasitized fish. Future studies should investigate which parasites were introduced with M. costae, and which ones were part of the invaded environment.},
}
@article {pmid40105592,
year = {2025},
author = {López-Rojas, JJ and Villegas, DA and Prieto, HJP and Garcia-Grandez, KE and Aguirre-Gil, OJ},
title = {New report of Cerambycidae beetles captured using synthetic pheromones in Alto Mayo, Peru: Filling gap.},
journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias},
volume = {97},
number = {1},
pages = {e20240874},
doi = {10.1590/0001-3765202520240874},
pmid = {40105592},
issn = {1678-2690},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/classification/drug effects ; Peru ; *Pheromones/pharmacology ; Male ; Female ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {We report the capture of several new species of longhorn beetles from Peruvian fauna using synthetic pheromones, syn-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate. A total of seven species of longhorn beetles from the subfamily Lamiinae were captured. These longhorn beetles were distributed into the following tribes and species: Acanthocinini (Hylettus spilotus, Leptostylus sp., Nealcidion emeritum, and Paroecus charpentierae), Acanthoderini (Oreodera bituberculata), Colobotheini (Colobothea osculatii), and Compsosomatini (Aerenea brunnea). All specimens were captured in traps baited with fuscumol, either alone or in blend. Our findings suggest that blends of pheromones containing fuscumol are crucial for monitoring potential invasive species in new agricultural and forestry environments.},
}
@article {pmid40104882,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, H and Xu, F and Wei, L and Lin, J and Zhao, C and Mei, H and Shan, Q and Wang, Q and Mu, Y and Yin, Y},
title = {Determination of diazepam and its active metabolites in aquatic products and aquaculture environments using modified QuEChERS-based UPLC-MS/MS.},
journal = {Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications},
volume = {17},
number = {13},
pages = {2806-2816},
doi = {10.1039/d4ay02144d},
pmid = {40104882},
issn = {1759-9679},
mesh = {*Diazepam/analysis/metabolism ; *Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Aquaculture ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Limit of Detection ; Animals ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry/analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; China ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; },
abstract = {In recent years, the residue of psychotropic drugs such as diazepam in aquatic products has attracted widespread attention and is one of the important hidden dangers to the quality and safety of agricultural products. This study developed a modified QuEChERS method combined with UPLC-MS/MS to determine the residues of diazepam and its active metabolites, nordiazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam, in aquatic products and aquaculture environments. The important variables of the QuEChERS procedure were screened and optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The recoveries of analytes in five aquatic products, pond water, and sediment were 87.4-97.8%, 90.4-96.4%, and 85.2-94.7%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of less than 15%. The limits of quantification were 0.1 μg kg[-1] for the four analytes in aquatic products and sediments, and 5 ng L[-1] in pond water. This method has been successfully applied to the analysis of diazepam and its active metabolite residues in 28 freshwater aquaculture farms in South China. The detected concentrations of the four analytes in aquatic products, sediments and pond water were 0.18-3.03 μg kg[-1], 0.21-17.5 μg kg[-1] and 5.56-391 ng L[-1], respectively. The illegal abuse of diazepam in fishing bait may be an important source of pollution in aquatic products. The risk assessment results showed that the residues of diazepam in aquaculture posed an acceptable risk to human health and a medium risk to the ecosystem. These results confirmed that the established method is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of diazepam and its active metabolites in aquatic products and aquaculture environments.},
}
@article {pmid40104628,
year = {2025},
author = {Bischoff, KE and Katz, D and Rittenhouse, CD and Rittenhouse, TAG},
title = {High Overlap in Niches and Suitable Habitat Between an Imperiled and Introduced Cottontail.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e71083},
pmid = {40104628},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {When introduced species invade new environments, they often overlap with native species currently occupying those spaces, either spatially through suitable habitat or environmentally through their realized niches. The goal of this research is to determine the overlap between native New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) and introduced eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) to identify potential areas of invasion by the eastern cottontail and potential areas of refuge for the New England cottontail from the eastern cottontail (Connecticut, USA). Using presence data from a regional, standardized monitoring protocol, we developed habitat suitability models using Maxent and conducted niche overlap analyses using environmental principal component analysis. We used several covariates that reflected proximity to habitat characteristics, such as young forest, shrubland, and understory, as well as proximity to threats, such as development. We also included topographic and climatic covariates. We used the Guidos software to categorize the spatial arrangement of young forest, shrubland, and understory vegetation. We found that the overlap in both niches and suitable habitat was high for two species. Only areas of low precipitation and high elevation shifted niches in favor of the New England cottontail. We also found that habitat suitability for the New England cottontail was higher when patches of mature forest without understory were within complexes of young forest, shrubland, and mature forest with understory. Increasing habitat heterogeneity could improve the habitat suitability of existing patches or create new patches for New England cottontail. However, habitat management alone is likely not enough to discourage eastern cottontail; thus, direct species management, such as removal of eastern cottontail and augmentation of New England cottontail populations, should be explored.},
}
@article {pmid40102156,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, Q and van Kleunen, M and Liu, Y},
title = {Plant invasion resistance due to 2D native diversity.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {436-438},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.02.009},
pmid = {40102156},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; },
abstract = {Biodiversity entails species diversity both within a trophic level (horizontal diversity) and across levels (vertical diversity). While invasion resistance studies usually focus on horizontal diversity, vertical diversity could provide additional biotic resistance to invasion. Quantifying the role of such 2D diversity will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity-invasibility relationship.},
}
@article {pmid40100717,
year = {2025},
author = {Tomma, G},
title = {Smelling Trouble: Dogs play pivotal roles in finding invasive species.},
journal = {Scientific American},
volume = {332},
number = {4},
pages = {20},
doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican042025-4rp9JxFuKqpZHe0drFxVyC},
pmid = {40100717},
issn = {0036-8733},
}
@article {pmid40099941,
year = {2025},
author = {Dao, PD and He, Y and Lu, B and Axiotis, A},
title = {Imaging spectroscopy reveals topographic variability effects on grassland functional traits and drought responses.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {3},
pages = {e70006},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70006},
pmid = {40099941},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {RGPIN-386183//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Grassland ; *Droughts ; *Spectrum Analysis/methods ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; *Poaceae/physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; },
abstract = {Functional traits and their variations are essential indicators of plant metabolism, growth, distribution, and survival and determine how a plant and an ecosystem function. Under the same climatic condition, traits can vary significantly between species and within the same species growing in different topographic conditions. When drought stress occurs, plants growing in these conditions may respond in various ways as their tolerance and adaptability are influenced by differences in topography. Insights into topographic variability-driven trait variation and drought response can improve our prediction of ecosystem functioning and ecological impacts. Imaging spectroscopy enables accurate identification of plant species, extraction of functional traits, and characterization of topography-driven and drought-related impacts on trait variation across spatial scales. However, applying these data in a heterogeneous grassland ecosystem is challenging as species are small, highly mixed, spectrally and texturally similar, and highly varied with small-scale variation in topography. This paper presents the first study to explore the use of high-resolution airborne imaging spectroscopy for characterizing the variation of key traits-such as chlorophylls (Chl), carotenoids (Car), Chl/Car ratio, water content (WC), and leaf area index (LAI)-across topographic gradients and under drought stress at the species level in a heterogeneous grassland. The results demonstrate significant relationships between functional traits and topographic variability, with the strength of these relationships varying among species and across different environmental conditions. Additionally, drought-induced trait responses differed notably both within and between species, particularly between drought-tolerant invasive species and drought-sensitive native species, as well as between lower and upper slope positions. The study makes a significant contribution to advancing our understanding of biological and ecological processes, enhancing the ability to predict plant invasion mechanism and ecosystem functioning under stressed environments.},
}
@article {pmid40099306,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, ZL and Ma, TT and Gao, ZS and Ming, WH and Yang, MR and Wang, XY},
title = {Global Ragweed Allergy: Molecular Allergens and Integrated Control Strategies.},
journal = {Journal of asthma and allergy},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {403-416},
pmid = {40099306},
issn = {1178-6965},
abstract = {Originally native to North America, ragweed has become a pervasive invasive species worldwide over the past century, posing a substantial public health risk as a potent allergen. This review explores the key allergens found in common ragweed, assesses global trends in ragweed sensitization, particularly in China, and examines various therapeutic and biological control methods. There are currently 11 identified ragweed allergens, with Amb a 1 and 11 recognized as the primary triggers. Epidemiological data indicate higher rates of sensitization in North America and Europe, with a growing trend observed in China. Ragweed-induced type I hypersensitivity typically presents as seasonal allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma symptoms. Strategies for managing ragweed allergy include allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Biological control using Ophraella communa and Epiblema strenuana effectively limits ragweed proliferation. Accurate allergen identification and personalized treatment can significantly reduce the health burden associated with ragweed. An in-depth understanding of ragweed sensitization patterns and biological control measures is essential for the long-term prevention of ragweed allergies.},
}
@article {pmid40097820,
year = {2025},
author = {Blanchette, RA and Rajtar, NN and Lochridge, AG and Held, BW},
title = {Intercontinental movement of exotic fungi on decorative wood used in aquatic and terrestrial aquariums.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9142},
pmid = {40097820},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {no number//Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Pests Center, University of Minnesota/ ; },
mesh = {*Wood/microbiology ; *Fungi/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; United States ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The intercontinental movement of fungi or fungus-like organisms brings nonnative species into areas where they may become invasive pathogens of trees and other plants. In the past century, many examples such as Dutch elm disease, sudden oak death, laurel wilt, and others have resulted in large economic losses and ecological disasters. Although various safeguards to prevent the transport of potential pathogens have been in effect, new avenues of introduction have occurred causing new disease outbreaks. This study examined fungi in wood shipped from Asia that is used for decorative purposes in aquatic and terrestrial aquariums. From 44 imported wood samples, 202 cultures representing 123 different fungal taxa were obtained and identified using molecular methods. These included 31 species not previously reported in the United States, 21 potential plant pathogens, 37 species of wood decay fungi and 24 taxa with a 97% sequence match or less to known isolates suggesting these are unknown species. The results demonstrate that wood used for decorative purposes in aquariums harbor large numbers of diverse fungi that remain viable during shipping and storage. These fungi are currently being imported into areas where they are not native, and they may pose serious biosecurity threats to the United States and other countries around the world.},
}
@article {pmid40097386,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, W and Zhang, Q and Wang, Z and Liu, X},
title = {Three-quarters of species' ranges have not been covered by protected areas in global borders.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2608},
pmid = {40097386},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; Humans ; Asia, Southeastern ; Climate Change ; Introduced Species ; Africa, Western ; *Vertebrates/physiology ; Population Density ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Borderlands are increasingly recognized as critically important for biodiversity conservation owing to their ecological significance and high political profile. However, the species ranges covered by protected areas and their influencing factors in transboundary areas are still largely unknown worldwide. Here, based on the distributional ranges of 19,039 terrestrial vertebrates, we find that three-quarters of species' ranges in global borders remain uncovered by protected areas, particularly in tropical areas of Southeast Asia and West Africa. The average protected area coverage of species ranges is lower in transboundary areas than non-transboundary areas after accounting for geographical differences in sampling efforts. We also observe that protected area coverage of species ranges increases with governance effectiveness, collaboration abilities, protection levels, sizes and establishment years of protected areas, and topographic complexity, but decreases with human population density, human development index, and cropland expansion. Furthermore, protected areas simultaneously face threats of ongoing global challenges from climate change, land-use modification, and alien species invasion, and the proportions of borderlands threatened by global changes are higher than elsewhere. All these findings demonstrate that cross-border cooperation is urgently needed to achieve the ambitious goal of global biodiversity conservation by 2050.},
}
@article {pmid40095408,
year = {2025},
author = {Vahsen, ML and Maxwell, TM and Blumenthal, DM and Gamba, D and Germino, MJ and Hooten, MB and Lasky, JR and Leger, EA and Pirtel, N and Porensky, LM and Romero, S and Van Ee, JJ and Copeland, SM and Ensing, DJ and Adler, PB},
title = {Phenological sensitivity of Bromus tectorum genotypes depends on current and source environments.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {3},
pages = {e70025},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70025},
pmid = {40095408},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {1927009//National Science Foundation/ ; 1927177//National Science Foundation/ ; 1927282//National Science Foundation/ ; 2222525//National Science Foundation/ ; //Utah Agricultural Experimental Station, Utah State University/ ; J-001818//British Columbia Ministry of Forests' Invasive Species Program/ ; J-002569//British Columbia Ministry of Forests' Invasive Species Program/ ; //USDA-ARS/ ; //Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station/ ; },
mesh = {Genotype ; *Bromus/genetics/physiology ; *Flowers/physiology/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Plants respond to their environment with both short-term, within-generation trait plasticity, and long-term, between-generation evolutionary changes. However, the relative magnitude of plant responses to short- and long-term changes in the environment remains poorly understood. Shifts in phenological traits can serve as harbingers for responses to environmental change, and both a plant's current and source (i.e., genotype origin) environment can affect plant phenology via plasticity and local adaptation, respectively. To assess the role of current and source environments in explaining variation in flowering phenology of Bromus tectorum, an invasive annual grass, we conducted a replicated common garden experiment using 92 genotypes collected across western North America. Replicates of each genotype were planted in two densities (low = 100 seeds/1 m[2], high = 100 seeds/0.04 m[2]) under two different temperature treatments (low = white gravel; high = black gravel; 2.1°C average difference) in a factorial design, replicated across four common garden locations in Idaho and Wyoming, USA. We tested for the effect of current environment (i.e., density treatment, temperature treatment, and common garden location), source environment (i.e., genotype source climate), and their interaction on each plant's flowering phenology. Flowering timing was strongly influenced by a plant's current environment, with plants that experienced warmer current climates and higher densities flowering earlier than those that experienced cooler current climates and lower densities. Genotypes from hot and dry source climates flowered consistently earlier than those from cool and wet source climates, even after accounting for genotype relatedness, suggesting that this genetically based climate cline is a product of natural selection. We found minimal evidence of interactions between current and source environments or genotype-by-environment interactions. Phenology was more sensitive to variation in the current climate than to variation in source climate. These results indicate that cheatgrass phenology reflects high levels of plasticity as well as rapid local adaptation. Both processes likely contribute to its current success as a biological invader and its capacity to respond to future environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid40094819,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, X and Li, H and Xie, H and Ma, Y and Yu, Y and Liu, Q and Kuang, J and Zhang, M and Liu, J and Zhao, B},
title = {Mangrove Against Invasive Snails: Aegiceras corniculatum Shows a Molluscicidal Effect on Exotic Apple Snails (Pomacea canaliculata) in Mangroves.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40094819},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {SL2023B03J1314//Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou/ ; 32001237, 31770484//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023ZDZX4041//Key Realm Project of Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province/ ; 2021B1212040008//Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project/ ; 2019A1515110719//Guangdong Natural Science Foundation/ ; 202410564061//Undergraduate Innovation Programs/ ; HXKJHT20242507//Project of Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center/ ; },
abstract = {Apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata), one of the 100 most serious invasive species in the world, have invaded mangrove wetlands due to their salinity tolerance. We firstly prepared a plant molluscicide against apple snails based on the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum in coastal wetland. The effects of four mangrove extracts from A. corniculatum, including ethanol extract (EE), petroleum ether extract (PEE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE), and n-butanol extract (BE), were studied for molluscicidal activity against apple snails in a saline environment. The LC50 values at 48 h of EE, PEE, EAE, and BE were 25 mg/L, 123 mg/L, 170 mg/L, and 14 mg/L, respectively. BE had the highest molluscicidal value (96.7%) against apple snails at 48 h. At 48 h, BE of A. corniculatum leaves significantly decreased the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, acetylcholinesterase, and glutathione of apple snails to 4.25 mg/g, 29.50 mg/g, 947.1 U/gprot, and 6.22 U/gprot, respectively, compared to those in the control. The increased BE concentration significantly enhanced the malondialdehyde and aspartate aminotransferase contents to 4.18 mmol/gprot and 18.9 U/gprot at 48 h. Furthermore, the damage in the hepatopancreas tissue of apple snails increased, and the cellular structure became necrotic as the concentration of BE from A. corniculatum increased. The content of palmitic acid in BE of A. corniculatum leaves was the highest (10.9%), possibly be a toxic ingredient against apple snails. The n-butanol extract of A. corniculatum leaves showed a potential to control apple snails in the brackish water, and its plantation was beneficial to control the further spread of apple snails in mangrove wetlands.},
}
@article {pmid40094769,
year = {2025},
author = {Khwarahm, NR},
title = {MaxEnt-Based Distribution Modeling of the Invasive Species Phragmites australis Under Climate Change Conditions in Iraq.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40094769},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Phragmites australis (common reed), a recently introduced invasive species in Iraq, has swiftly established itself as a vigorous perennial plant, significantly impacting the biodiversity and ecosystem functions of Iraqi ecoregions with alarming consequences. There is an insufficient understanding of both the current distribution and possible future trends under climate change scenarios. Consequently, this study seeks to model the current and future potential distribution of this invasive species in Iraq using machine learning techniques (i.e., MaxEnt) alongside geospatial tools integrated within a GIS framework. Land-cover features, such as herbaceous zones, wetlands, annual precipitation, and elevation, emerged as optimal conditioning factors for supporting the species' invasiveness and habitat through vegetation cover and moisture retention. These factors collectively contributed by nearly 85% to the distribution of P. australis in Iraq. In addition, the results indicate a net decline in high-suitability habitats for P. australis under both the SSP126 (moderate mitigation; 5.33% habitat loss) and SSP585 (high emissions; 6.74% habitat loss) scenarios, with losses concentrated in southern and northern Iraq. The model demonstrated robust reliability, achieving an AUC score of 0.9 ± 0.012, which reflects high predictive accuracy. The study area covers approximately 430,632.17 km[2], of which 64,065.66 km[2] (14.87% of the total region) was classified as the optimal habitat for P. australis. While climate projections indicate an overall decline (i.e., SSP126 (5.33% loss) and SSP585 (6.74% loss)) in suitable habitats for P. australis across Iraq, certain localized regions may experience increased habitat suitability, reflecting potential gains (i.e., SSP126 (3.58% gain) and SSP585 (1.82% gain)) in specific areas. Policymakers should focus on regions with emerging suitability risks for proactive monitoring and management. Additionally, areas already infested by the species require enhanced surveillance and containment measures to mitigate ecological and socioeconomic impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40094722,
year = {2025},
author = {Di Gristina, E and Barone, G and Domina, G and Badalamenti, E and Gargano, ML and Venturella, G and Pardi, R},
title = {A Checklist of the Ornamental Vascular Flora of Sicily.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40094722},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {CN_00000033//National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.4, funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU Project Code CN_00000033, CUP B73C22000790001, "National Bio-diversity Future Center-NBFC"./ ; },
abstract = {Based on literature data and new field investigations, a checklist of the ornamental vascular flora of Sicily is presented. Trees, shrubs, herbaceous, and succulent plants growing in street trees, parks, private gardens, and historic villas of Sicily are included in the checklist. For each taxon, information on growth forms, geographical and biome origin, resident time, and status (native/alien) in Italy is provided. A total of 928 taxa (including 823 species s. str., 33 cultivars, 31 hybrids, 24 varieties, 9 subspecies, and 8 forms), belonging to 486 genera included in 138 families, were recorded. Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Asparagaceae, Arecaceae, and Malvaceae are the richest families in taxa. Phanerophytes are the prevalent growth form, and the main part of such flora consists of Asiatic and American taxa. Taxa from subtropical and tropical biomes showed a prevalent presence; this is a peculiarity which characterizes the Sicilian ornamental flora. Delonix regia emerges as a peculiar case, representing the only documented cases of open-air cultivation in both Sicily and the entire country. A significant percentage of taxa (41%) is included in the list of alien vascular flora of Italy, showing a strong predominance of casual and naturalized neophytes alien species.},
}
@article {pmid40094517,
year = {2025},
author = {Rubal, M and Fernández-Gutiérrez, J and Carreira-Flores, D and Gomes, PT and Veiga, P},
title = {Current Distribution of the Invasive Kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, 1873 Along Artificial and Natural Habitats in North Portugal-Impacts and Mitigation Initiatives.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40094517},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {10.54499/2022.06806.PTDC//Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/ ; UIDB/04423/2020//Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/ ; UIDP/04423/2020//Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/ ; LA/P/ 0069/2020//Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/ ; 10.54499/UIDB/ 04050/2020//Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/ ; 2023.08939.CEECIND//Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/ ; 10.54499/CEECINST/00018/2021/ CP2806/CT0021//Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/ ; 2023.04100.BD//Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/ ; },
abstract = {The kelp Undaria pinnatifida is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. The presence of Undaria in Portugal was reported more than 20 years ago, but there is not recent detailed information about its distribution and impacts. The aims of this study are to provide updated data about the distribution of Undaria in marinas and natural habitats along the north Portuguese coast, to afford insights about Undaria impacts on native macroalgae and to test the efficiency of mitigation actions based on Undaria removal. Mitigation measures were implemented in a marina where a native kelp was recently displaced by Undaria. The results showed stable populations of Undaria in marinas, but few ephemeral ones on natural rocky shores. The observed distribution pattern suggests an important role of salinity and wave exposure in shaping the distribution of Undaria. Moreover, Undaria was able to displace a native kelp and overgrow mussels in marinas, while on natural rocky shores, it was able to overgrow Gongolaria baccata but not native kelps. Finally, mitigation actions resulted in a partial recolonization by the native kelp.},
}
@article {pmid40094360,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Li, X and He, Q and Zuo, M and Guo, Y and Liu, L and Yin, J and He, L and Li, X and Shan, J and Liu, W and Lin, C and Miao, W},
title = {Plant salicylic acid signaling is inhibited by a cooperative strategy of two powdery mildew effectors.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e0395924},
pmid = {40094360},
issn = {2150-7511},
support = {No. 32360640//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; No. 31960518//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; XTCX2022NYA01//Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High Efficiency Tropical Agriculture of Hainan University/ ; THAITS-3//the earmarked fund for Tropical High-efficiency Agricultural Industry Technology System of Hainan University/ ; KJRC2023B14//Hainan Province Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project/ ; No. Qhyb2022-42//Hainan Province Graduate Student Innovative Scientific Research Project/ ; No. YSPTZX202018//Finance Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province/ ; B21HJ0905//Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/ ; },
mesh = {*Salicylic Acid/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Fungal Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Erysiphe/pathogenicity/metabolism/genetics ; *Ascomycota ; Chorismic Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Powdery mildew is a global threat to crops and economically valuable plants. Salicylic acid (SA) signaling plays a significant role in plant resistance to biotrophic parasites; however, the mechanisms behind how powdery mildew fungi circumvent SA-mediated resistance remain unclear. Many phytopathogenic microbes deliver effectors into the host to sustain infection. In this study, we showed that the rubber tree powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe quercicola inhibits host SA biosynthesis by employing two effector proteins, EqCmu and EqPdt. These effector proteins can be delivered into plant cells to hydrolyze chorismate, the main precursor of SA, through their enzymatic activities. Notably, EqCmu and EqPdt can interact with each other, providing mutual protection against protein degradation mediated by the plant ubiquitin-proteasome system. This interaction enhances their activities in the hydrolysis of chorismate. Our study reveals a new pathogenic strategy by which two powdery mildew effector proteins cooperate to evade recognition by dampening the host immune system.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Powdery mildew fungi may develop diverse strategies to disturb salicylic acid (SA) signaling in plants, which plays an important role in activating immunity, and little is known about these strategies. Our results suggest that the Erysiphe quercicola effector protein EqCmu can be translocated into host cells and inhibit host SA levels during the infection stage; however, it is targeted by the plant ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and ubiquitinated, which induces EqCmu degradation. To evade the UPS, EqCmu interacts with EqPdt, another E. quercicola effector protein, to prevent that ubiquitination. EqPdt also inhibits host SA biosynthesis through its prephenate dehydratase activity. Taken together, these two powdery mildew effector proteins cause a synergistic effect in disturbing host SA signaling. Our study also suggests that enhancing SA signaling is required for boosting immunity against powdery mildew fungus.},
}
@article {pmid40093686,
year = {2025},
author = {Gargominy, O and Fontaine, B and Tercerie, S and Zuccon, D},
title = {New species and new records of families, genera and species of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from French Guiana.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1230},
number = {},
pages = {155-194},
pmid = {40093686},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {This paper presents an investigation of material collected during four intensive collecting trips of land snails in French Guiana from 1995 to 2020 and deposited in the French National Museum of Natural History collections. This material forms the basis of the following novelties: four families are reported for the first time from French Guiana: Diplommatinidae, Cystopeltidae, Thysanophoridae and Strobilopsidae; three native species: Lyroconusplagioptycha (Helicoidea, Thysanophoridae), Pupisomamacneilli (Pupilloidea, Valloniidae) and Strobilopsmorsei (Pupilloidea, Strobilopsidae) and one introduced species Diplosolenodesoccidentalis (Veronicelloidea, Veronicellidae) are reported for the first time from French Guiana; five new species are described: Adelopomaquasimodo Gargominy, sp. nov. (Cyclophoroidea, Diplommatinidae), Lilloiconchagalbao Gargominy, sp. nov. (Punctoidea, Cystopeltidae), Protoglyptusbernicolae Gargominy, sp. nov. (Orthalicoidea, Bulimulidae), Pseudosubulinasanti Gargominy, sp. nov. (Testacelloidea, Spiraxidae), and Happiadecaensi Gargominy, sp. nov. (Scolodontoidea, Scolodontidae). Finally, Drymaeussurinamensis Vernhout, 1914, syn. nov. is considered as a new synonym of Mesembrinuslusorius (L. Pfeiffer, 1855), and Drymaeusarcuatostriatus (L. Pfeiffer, 1855) is proposed as the new identification of Drymaeusmeesi sensu Tillier, 1980 non Breure, 1976.},
}
@article {pmid40091613,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, C and Liu, F and Wu, Y and Li, P and Chen, W and Wu, C and Sun, J},
title = {Positive Linkage in Bacterial Microbiota at the Plant-Insect Interface Benefits an Invasive Bark Beetle.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {48},
number = {7},
pages = {4803-4822},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15470},
pmid = {40091613},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work is funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2600100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31702018, 32088102, 32061123002 and 32101537), and the Hebei Natural Science Foundation (C2023201034)./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/physiology/microbiology ; *Pinus/microbiology/parasitology/metabolism ; Larva/microbiology/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Introduced Species ; Phloem/microbiology ; Erwinia/physiology ; Inositol/metabolism/analogs &amp; derivatives ; Serratia/physiology ; Flavanones/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microbes facilitate rapid adaptation of invasive insects on novel plants via multifaceted function provisions, but little was known on the importance of cross linkages in symbiotic microbiota to insect invasiveness. Novel host pine Pinus tabuliformis is inherently unsuitable for invasive red turpentine beetle (RTB) in China; however, Novosphingobium and Erwinia/Serratia in gallery microbiota (at the interface between RTB larvae and pine phloem) have been discovered to help beetles via biodegrading pine detrimental compounds naringenin and pinitol, respectively. Here, we further revealed significant positive linkage of the two functions, with higher activity level conferring more growth benefit to RTB larvae. Abundance of Erwinia/Serratia was remarkably increased in response to pinitol, while naringenin-biodegrading Novosphingobium was unable to utilize this main phloem carbohydrate directly. High-activity bacterial microbiota produced nutritive metabolites (sucrose and hexadecanoic acid) from pinitol consumption that facilitated growth of both Novosphingobium and beetle larvae. Functional proteins of several bacterial taxa were enriched in high-activity microbiota that appeared to form a metabolic network collectively to regulate the nutrient production. Our results indicate that positive interaction between Erwinia/Serratia and Novosphingobium is critical for RTB invasion success, while Bacilli bacteria might restrict this linkage, providing new insights into symbiotic microbial interactions for insect herbivores.},
}
@article {pmid40090088,
year = {2025},
author = {Rawat, YS and Tekleyohannes, AT},
title = {Ecological assessment and sustainable utilization of plant resources in the periphery of George, Garden route area, South Africa.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {124828},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124828},
pmid = {40090088},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {South Africa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Plants ; },
abstract = {Plant resources are vital components of urban and peri-urban ecosystems, yet research on their sustainable utilization remains limited. These resources provide a wide array of benefits to local communities, particularly those are located in the peripheries of urban areas, where they serve as critical sources of firewood, construction materials, and livelihood support. However, the growing demand for these resources, coupled with the pressure of urbanization, threatens their availability and the ecological stability of the regions they inhabit. This study, therefore, aimed to conduct a comprehensive ecological assessment of plant resources, examining plant stem harvesting, the sustainability of their utilization and the observed changes in plant density and diversity in the peri-urban areas of George, South Africa. The study focused on three selected sites: Saasveld Rd, Thembalethu, and Saiuwerfountain are chosen based on their proximity to woody patches and the visual evidence of resource use for firewood, fencing, and construction in low-income suburbs. Key ecological parameters such as species density, basal area, and importance value indices (IVIs) were analyzed to understand species composition and utilization patterns. The golden ratio (Φ) and Fibonacci sequencing were employed to detect self-organizing trends and optimality within the plant communities, revealing insights into ecosystem dynamics, resilience and resource management. Results indicated a higher tree density at Saasveld Rd (78.53%) and Thembalethu (58.33%), while shrubs and trees were nearly equally distributed at Saiuwerfountain (50.83% shrubs vs. 49.17% trees). The high demand for plant resources, particularly in the low-income areas of Thembalethu and Saiuwerfountain, had significantly reduced plant density. Acacia mearnsii was identified as the most harvested species across all sites due to its abundance, rapid regeneration, and suitability for firewood and construction purposes. The maximum number of harvested stems (51.15%) was recorded at Saiuwerfountain, reflecting the heavy dependence of local communities on these resources for their daily needs. The current study demonstrated the importance of managing both native and invasive species for sustainable utilization and biodiversity conservation. While invasive species like Acacia mearnsii offer immediate benefits to local communities, their unchecked proliferation poses significant risks to native biodiversity and ecosystem health. The findings call for the establishment of sustainable energy plantations and woodlots to address the escalating wood-based needs of low-income communities, alongside policies promoting sustainable harvesting practices and biodiversity conservation thereby contributing to a region specific conservation and energy strategies for a long-term sustainability. Additionally, the identification of self-organizing trends, an indicative of ecological optimization through signatures of the golden ratio, highlights the inherent resilience and adaptive capacity of these ecosystems, reinforcing the need for adaptation oriented restorative management approaches. Results of this study generally supported the relevance of conservation by utilization strategy of invasive alien plant species control and management in similar global cases for environmental sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid40089776,
year = {2025},
author = {Steindorf, V and K B, HM and Stollenwerk, N and Cevidanes, A and Barandika, JF and Vazquez, P and García-Pérez, AL and Aguiar, M},
title = {Forecasting invasive mosquito abundance in the Basque Country, Spain using machine learning techniques.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {109},
pmid = {40089776},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {t EU-LIFE 18 IPC/ES/000001 (Urban Klima 2050)//Department of Food, Rural Development, Agriculture and Fisheries, and the Department of Health of the Basque Government, the Ministry of Health, Social Policy, and Equality of the Government of Spain/ ; Y01 ES000001/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; CEX2021-001142-S / MICIN / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033//Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities: BCAM Severo Ochoa/ ; BERC 2022-2025//Basque Government/ ; RYC2021-031380-I//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) of the Spanish Government/ ; RYC2021-033084-I//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) of the Spanish Government and European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Spain ; *Machine Learning ; *Aedes/physiology/virology ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology/virology ; Forecasting/methods ; *Introduced Species ; Weather ; Temperature ; Seasons ; Dengue/transmission ; Climate ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths each year and are increasingly spreading from tropical and subtropical regions into temperate zones, posing significant public health risks. In the Basque Country region of Spain, changing climatic conditions have driven the spread of invasive mosquitoes, increasing the potential for local transmission of diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. The establishment of mosquito species in new areas, coupled with rising mosquito populations and viremic imported cases, presents challenges for public health systems in non-endemic regions.<br><br>METHODS: This study uses models that capture the complexities of the mosquito life cycle, driven by interactions with weather variables, including temperature, precipitation, and humidity. Leveraging machine learning techniques, we aimed to forecast Aedes invasive mosquito abundance in the provinces of the Basque Country, using egg count as a proxy and weather features as key independent variables. A Spearman correlation was used to assess relationships between climate variables and mosquito egg counts, as well as their lagged time series versions. Forecasting models, including random forest (RF) and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMAX), were evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) metrics.<br><br>RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed significant impacts of temperature, precipitation, and humidity on mosquito egg abundance. The random forest (RF) model demonstrated the highest forecasting accuracy, followed by the SARIMAX model. Incorporating lagged climate variables and ovitrap egg counts into the models improved predictions, enabling more accurate forecasts of Aedes invasive mosquito abundance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings emphasize the importance of integrating climate-driven forecasting tools to predict the abundance of mosquitoes where data are available. Furthermore, this study highlights the critical need for ongoing entomological surveillance to enhance mosquito spread forecasting and contribute to the development and assessment of effective vector control strategies in regions of mosquito expansion.},
}
@article {pmid40089144,
year = {2025},
author = {Frett, MW and Kozarek, JL and Berry, AL and Mensinger, AF},
title = {Evaluating CO2 and sound as an invasive bigheaded carp deterrent in a model lock and dam.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {372},
number = {},
pages = {126056},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126056},
pmid = {40089144},
issn = {1873-6424},
mesh = {Animals ; *Carps/physiology ; *Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Introduced Species ; *Sound ; },
abstract = {Several deterrents are currently being investigated to block the upstream migration of invasive silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis). Broadband sound (100 hp outboard boat motor recording) and dissolved CO2 both show potential for restricting the upstream movement of invasive bigheaded carp through contained environments such as lock chambers. This study examined the effect of combining both broadband sound and CO2 into a multimodal deterrent to restrict upstream passage via the lock chamber in a 10,000 L flow through model lock and dam system. Bigheaded carp schools were classically conditioned to associate broadband sound with elevated levels of CO2 in the lock chamber. After conditioning, broadband sound alone was 100 % effective in restricting the upstream passage of bigheaded carp under standard lock chamber operations, and bigheaded carp were deterred from entering and transiting the lock chamber for 28 consecutive trials over a one-week period. These results could help inform field deployments of non-physical deterrents within lock chambers for restricting the upstream movement of invasive bigheaded carp.},
}
@article {pmid40088829,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, Q and Ma, K},
title = {Context dependence masks the long-term harm of Spartina alterniflora invasion on macrobenthos in China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {124884},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124884},
pmid = {40088829},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {China ; *Wetlands ; *Introduced Species ; *Poaceae ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The invasion of Spartina alterniflora poses a significant threat to the biodiversity of tidal wetlands, including mangroves, native saltmarshes, and mudflats. However, its impact on macrobenthos, a key group within these ecosystems, remains a subject of debate. In a meta-analysis of 2411 data points from 105 studies on macrobenthos in China's tidal wetlands, we found that at the coastal scale of mainland China, S. alterniflora invasion did not significantly affect the abundance or diversity of macrobenthos. However, single-factor analysis showed strong spatiotemporal variation in the invasion's effects on macrobenthos, which obscured the negative effects of S. alterniflora in specific local areas. Key factors such as habitat type, temperature, tidal strength, seawater chemistry, and invasion duration play a critical role in shaping the extent of the invasion's impact. Our predictive model, which integrates these factors, suggests that 19.63% of China's tidal wetlands could experience dual losses in macrobenthos abundance and diversity within just one year of S. alterniflora invasion. This proportion increases to 34.03% after 10 years, and rises to as high as 61.85% after 20 years. These findings suggest that the negative effects of S. alterniflora on macrobenthos are often masked by context dependence. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and prioritize the protection of tidal wetlands at higher risk of invasion to safeguard macrobenthos communities and maintain their essential ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid40088634,
year = {2025},
author = {Bernal-Ibáñez, A and Castilla-Gavilán, M and Sumariva, EG and Hachero-Cruzado, I},
title = {Invasion context matters: Vulnerability of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus to ingestion of Rugulopteryx okamurae increases with invasion time.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {117826},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117826},
pmid = {40088634},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Paracentrotus/physiology ; Diet ; },
abstract = {The current spread and proliferation of the invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae in South European coastal waters is a major ecological problem with a high socioeconomic impact. First identified as invasive in the Strait of Gibraltar (S Iberian Peninsula) in 2014, R. okamurae continues its expansion along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Despite its extended presence, the biotic control mechanisms and long-term impacts of R. okamurae consumption by native herbivores remain unexamined. This 24-week experiment investigates the physiological responses of the common sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from three different locations following an invasion gradient by the time when R. okamurae was first detected. Sea urchin individuals were fed two diets: a strict diet of 100 % R. okamurae or a mixed diet with 50 % R. okamurae and 50 % Ulva sp. We evaluated the response of P. lividus individuals based on ingestion rates, relative weight (g), mortality, Ivlev's electivity index, and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Individuals from locations with more time since invasion fed on 100 % R. okamurae showed higher weight loss, higher mortality, and lower GSI than individuals from short-term invaded locations. Those negative effects were reduced for individuals fed a mixed diet. Within the mixed diet, Ivlev's electivity values of individuals from "10 years of invasion" reduced from random selection to partial avoidance over R. okamurae across the experiment. Our results reveal long-term underlying effects of R. okamurae ingestion, suggesting implications for the conservation of P. lividus populations in invaded locations, with potential ecosystem-level consequences as it is a key controlling species in coastal systems.},
}
@article {pmid40088282,
year = {2025},
author = {Korkmaz, Y and Bełka, M and Blumenstein, K},
title = {How cryptic animal vectors of fungi can influence forest health in a changing climate and how to anticipate them.},
journal = {Applied microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {109},
number = {1},
pages = {65},
pmid = {40088282},
issn = {1432-0614},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Forests ; *Fungi/physiology ; *Disease Vectors ; *Mycoses/transmission/microbiology ; Birds/microbiology ; Spores, Fungal ; },
abstract = {Fungal spores are usually dispersed by wind, water, and animal vectors. Climate change is accelerating the spread of pathogens to new regions. While well-studied vectors like bark beetles and moths contribute to pathogen transmission, other, less-recognized animal species play a crucial role at different scales. Small-scale dispersers, such as mites, rodents, squirrels, and woodpeckers, facilitate fungal spread within trees or entire forest regions. On a larger scale, birds contribute significantly to long-distance fungal dispersal, potentially aiding the establishment of invasive species across continents. These vectors remain underexplored and are often overlooked in fungal disease studies and are therefore called cryptic vectors. Understanding the full range of dispersal mechanisms is critical as climate change drive shifts in species distributions and increases vector activity. Expanding monitoring and detection tools to include these hidden carriers will improve our ability to track the distribution of fungal pathogens. Integrating targeted research, innovative technologies, and collaborative efforts across disciplines and borders is essential for enhancing disease management and mitigating fungal disease's ecological and economic impacts. KEY POINTS: • Cryptic animal vectors play a critical role in fungal spore dispersal across forests and continents. • Climate change accelerates fungal pathogen spread by altering species distributions, increasing vector activity, and facilitating long-distance dispersal. • Innovative monitoring tools, like eDNA sampling and predictive modelling, are essential to uncover cryptic vector contributions and mitigate fungal disease impacts.},
}
@article {pmid40087842,
year = {2025},
author = {Ding, J and Qin, Z and Fang, SM and Bao, Z and Roques, A and Li, J and Shi, J},
title = {Employing hydrogen stable isotope analysis for traceability of invasive pine wood nematode vector insects.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {7},
pages = {3889-3898},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8767},
pmid = {40087842},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {QNTD202304//The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 2023YFE0116200//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pinus/parasitology ; *Tylenchida/physiology ; China ; *Coleoptera/parasitology/chemistry ; *Insect Vectors/parasitology/chemistry ; *Deuterium/analysis ; Plant Diseases/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pathogen responsible for pine wilt disease, significantly threatens pine forests globally, with rapid infection leading to tree mortality within 40 days. This disease spreads efficiently through vector beetles, with Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuarius serving as the primary vectors and Monochamus galloprovincialis being considered a potential vector in China. Molecular traceability and stable isotope traceability are both important techniques for insect tracing, each with its own advantages and limitations. Molecular traceability, such as DNA-based methods, offers high specificity and accuracy in identifying insect species, but it may require more complex procedures and higher costs due to the need for advanced equipment and skilled personnel. Stable isotope tracing, however, provides conservative and high-precision signatures, and is label-free, making it suitable for tracing the origins and pathways of insects in complex environments. Using the method of degreasing, the fat of the sample epidermis was removed, only the bone part was left, and the abdominal cavity was emptied to prevent the food from affecting the determination of hydrogen isotope. The present study aimed to trace the geographic origins of these vector insects in China using hydrogen stable isotope ratios, providing a novel tool for disease management.<br><br>RESULTS: Data processing and modeling were conducted using R and Origin software, yielding the equation y&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.9822x&#x2009;+&#x2009;19.1765. Statistical tests confirmed the model's significance and fit. Results indicate a significant positive correlation of temperature and precipitation with atmospheric hydrogen isotopic composition.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the model's applicability in tracking the spread of pine wilt vectors, offering a promising approach to forest pathogen management. If the sample isotope test value is brought into the model and marked in the partition diagram, it can be proved that the model can effectively identify the source information of the sample. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40086286,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, C and Zhang, Q and Zhang, H and Zheng, Y and Yuan, L and Zhong, Q},
title = {Climate warming increases the invasiveness of the exotic Spartina alterniflora in a coastal salt marsh: Implications for invasion management.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {124765},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124765},
pmid = {40086286},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; *Poaceae/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; Biomass ; Global Warming ; },
abstract = {Spartina alterniflora is a major invasive C4 grass in coastal wetlands worldwide. It spreads rapidly through both clonal growth and sexual reproduction, causing significant negative impacts on the ecological functions of coastal wetland ecosystems. A key question is whether climate warming will affect its invasiveness and how adaptive management strategies can be developed to address the anticipated climate warming. In this study, open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to elevate temperature (+1.5 °C) throughout the entire growing season for two years (2019-2020), we measured the leaf gas exchange, leaf and plant growth functional traits, as well as clonal and sexual reproduction traits of S. alterniflora under the warming and ambient (control) conditions. The results showed that (1) Compared to the control, warming significantly increased shoot biomass of S. alterniflora through both physiological and phenotypic changes in the middle and later periods of the growing season (p<0.05); (2) Warming did not affect clonal shoots (p>0.05), but it increased the shoot biomass allocation to spikes, resulting in higher spike biomass and seed production (both number and weight) compared to the control (p<0.05); (3) Warming induced alterations in seed morphology and mass distribution, leading to an increase in seed floating time (p<0.05), while the weight of the endosperm and embryo remained unaffected, and no differences in seed germination were observed (p>0.05). We concluded that climate warming affected shoot biomass through both physiological and phenotypic modifications and influenced reproductive traits by altering resource allocation to organs and seed composition. The invasiveness of S. alterniflora should increase due to increased shoot biomass, higher seed production, and longer seed floating times. Implementing cutting measures at the early flowering stage is recommended to mitigate the effects of anticipated climate warming.},
}
@article {pmid40086280,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, S and Zhu, J and Zhang, M and Zhang, Y and Zhan, A},
title = {Managing freshwater invasive mussel biofouling: Insights into byssal adhesion on underwater surfaces.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {124965},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124965},
pmid = {40086280},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biofouling/prevention &amp; control ; Fresh Water ; *Bivalvia ; Ecosystem ; Surface Properties ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Biofouling caused by mussel byssus adhesion to underwater surfaces poses significant ecological and economic challenges in freshwater ecosystems. However, effective management remains difficult due to limited understanding of how material properties influence byssus adhesion and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we used the invasive golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) as a model fouling species to assess byssus adhesion on commonly used engineering materials, natural substrates, polymers, and marine antifouling materials. Adhesion tests revealed that golden mussels exhibited significantly stronger byssus adhesion - quantified by byssus production, adhesion rate, and adhesion strength - on engineering materials, natural substrates, and polymers compared to antifouling surfaces. Notably, marine antifouling materials such as silicone-oil-infused polydimethylsiloxane demonstrated potential antifouling properties in freshwater ecosystems. Surface characterization and regression analysis indicated that byssus adhesion correlated positively with metal content and surface charge (voltage potential) but negatively with hydrophobicity (contact angle). Additionally, transcriptome sequencing and mass spectrometry identified key adhesion-related proteins, including foot proteins (Fp-1, Fp-2, and Fp-14) and byssal protein Bp-3, as well as the metabolic pathway "protein digestion and absorption", which likely contribute to the observed differences in byssus adhesion. Based on these findings, we propose future antifouling strategies for freshwater ecosystems, including optimization of antifouling materials, surface modifications for underwater structures, molecular interventions targeting byssus adhesion, and tailored management approaches for different aquatic environments. Our study provides valuable insights into mussel-dominated freshwater biofouling and contributes to the development of sustainable antifouling strategies in broader aquatic ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40083734,
year = {2025},
author = {Schmid, SA and Lázaro-Lobo, A and Shoemaker, CM and Sample, A and Cade, M and Ervin, GN and Turnage, G},
title = {Latitude and Community Diversity Primarily Explain Invasion Patterns of Widespread Invasive Plants in Small, Subtropical Lakes.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e71115},
pmid = {40083734},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Within the study of aquatic invasive species, small aquatic ecosystems are often neglected, despite representing most global freshwater bodies. This study uses community composition and environmental and geographic factors to explain the occurrence of invasive species in small lakes in the southeastern United States. Four invasive species widespread in the southeastern United States were selected as the focus of this study: Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cyperus blepharoleptos, Panicum repens, and Triadica sebifera. The aquatic plant communities of the lakes were surveyed using littoral zone point sampling. Generalized linear models for each species were fit with the probability of occurrence (P occ) as the response variable and Secchi depth, plant species diversity (α-diversity), point richness, perimeter, latitude, and longitude as potential predictors; all predictors were subjected to model selection to define the best-fit models. All best-fit models were strongly predictive with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values > 0.80. Plant species diversity was positively correlated with P occ of A. philoxeroides, P. repens, and T. sebifera. Latitude was negatively correlated with P occ of P. repens and T. sebifera. Perimeter was negatively related to P occ of A. philoxeroides. Secchi depth was negatively related to the P occ of C. blepharoleptos. Although plant species diversity and latitude were most commonly predictive, P occ was usually explained by multiple predictors, suggesting that these relationships are best explained with multiple environmental factors.},
}
@article {pmid40083728,
year = {2025},
author = {Walsh-Antzak, CR and Erickson, PA},
title = {Strength of Enemy Release From Parasitoids Is Context Dependent in the Invasive African Fig Fly, Zaprionus indianus.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e70754},
pmid = {40083728},
issn = {2045-7758},
support = {R15 GM146208/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Understanding the mechanisms underlying the success of biological invasions is essential to employ effective prediction and management strategies. Escape from natural enemies in invaded regions (enemy release hypothesis, ERH) and increased competitive ability are hallmarks of invasive species; however, these two processes are rarely studied within the same context. Here, we examined the effect of enemy release on the competition outcomes of a successful invasive insect pest in North America, the African fig fly (Zaprionus indianus). Parasitoid wasps such as Leptopilina heterotoma that parasitize drosophilid larvae may seek out established species with known host suitability over a novel species, so we hypothesized Z. indianus may have low susceptibility to parasitoids, giving them a competitive advantage over co-occurring drosophilids. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the adult emergence rates from Z. indianus larvae reared alone or in competition with Drosophila hydei or D. simulans larvae in the presence and absence of parasitoid wasps under low and high larval densities. At low larval densities, Z. indianus emerged at equal rates to D. hydei but outcompeted D. simulans, and these outcomes were not affected by parasitoids. However, at high densities, the addition of parasitoids shifted competition outcomes in favor of Z. indianus, suggesting enemy release provides a competitive advantage under some circumstances. These results indicate that the strength of enemy release in Z. indianus is widely dependent on contextual factors such as density and competitor species. This study emphasizes how a community approach to testing the ERH is vital as the overall interpretation of the presence and strength of enemy release differed between intraspecific and interspecific experiments. Further investigation of how these results apply to field environments could offer insight into how Z. indianus alters ecosystems and how productive biological control may limit the spread of Z. indianus.},
}
@article {pmid40081800,
year = {2025},
author = {Leskey, TC and Carnio, V and Nixon, LJ},
title = {Chemically mediated trophic interactions of invasive herbivorous insects and their applications for monitoring and management.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {101364},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2025.101364},
pmid = {40081800},
issn = {2214-5753},
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecta/physiology/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; *Herbivory ; *Food Chain ; *Insect Control/methods ; },
abstract = {Introduction of invasive herbivorous insects has significantly disrupted agricultural and forest ecosystems. Sources of stimuli used for monitoring and biosurveillance tools or as the basis for management strategies involve chemically mediated interactions between the insect and key primary producers (plants) or secondary consumers (predators and parasites). While successful application of chemicals identified from these interactions has emerged for some species with a few multitrophic interactions identified, other systems remain challenging, particularly when native species share similar chemically mediated cues. Applied molecular technologies such as environmental DNA or gut content analyses can be used to gain further insight into multitrophic interactions, which could potentially lead to improved chemical mediation tools.},
}
@article {pmid40081542,
year = {2025},
author = {Salvesen, HA and Dearden, PK},
title = {Genome editing in hymenoptera.},
journal = {Insect biochemistry and molecular biology},
volume = {180},
number = {},
pages = {104300},
doi = {10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104300},
pmid = {40081542},
issn = {1879-0240},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gene Editing/methods ; *Hymenoptera/genetics ; *Genome, Insect ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; },
abstract = {The application of genome editing tools in Hymenoptera has transformative potential for functional genetics and understanding their unique biology. Hymenoptera comprise one of the most diverse Orders of animals, and the development of methods for efficiently creating precise genome modifications could have applications in conservation, pest management and agriculture. To date, sex determination, DNA methylation, taste and smell sensory systems as well as phenotypic markers have been selected for gene editing investigations. From these data, insights into eusociality, the nature of haplodiploidy and the complex communication systems that Hymenoptera possess have provided an understanding of their evolutionary history that has led them to become so diverse and successful. Insights from these functional genetics analyses have been supported by the ever-improving suite of CRIPSR tools and further expansion will allow more specific biological hypotheses to be tested and applications beyond the lab. Looking ahead, genome editing tools have potential for Hymenopteran applications in modifying biocontrol agents of agricultural pests and for use in managing invasive species through the development of technologies such as gene drives. This review provides accessibility to information regarding the status of Hymenopteran genome editing, intending to support the considered development of CRISPR tools in novel species as well as innovation and refinement of methods in species in which it has already been achieved.},
}
@article {pmid40081033,
year = {2025},
author = {Mou, W and Jin, C and Hu, S and Zhou, L and Luo, M and Long, Y and Yang, Y},
title = {Human activities affect the future suitability of alien urban landscape species in China under climate change.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {124899},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124899},
pmid = {40081033},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; China ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; *Human Activities ; Urbanization ; Cities ; Ecosystem ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Ecologists have paid considerable attention to the adaptation and distribution of urban landscape species in China amid rapid urbanization and climate change, given the essential role of urban species in human activities, urban planning, and sustainable development. However, existing studies primarily concentrate on the effects of climate change on the distribution of native species, creating a research gap regarding alien species. We compiled 5261 distribution data points for 538 alien woody landscape species (WLS) (non-native to China) from 179 cities with populations over one million in China and utilized the MaxEnt model to assess the future distribution and migration patterns of 27 most commonly introduced evergreen broad-leaved, evergreen coniferous, and deciduous broad-leaved species under present, 2041-2060, and 2081-2100 periods according to the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios. The results indicated that deciduous broad-leaved species were widely distributed in Southwest China, East China, Central China and North China regions, had a broad climate niche and greater adaptability to climate change, while the suitable area of evergreen species were expected to be lower than that of the present stage after 2100. The preserved suitable areas of evergreen species were mainly concentrated in the East China and Central China regions, and the lost suitable areas of evergreen coniferous species were in South China and southern East China regions. We also noted that human activities were the most important factor influencing the species distribution, not only in terms of the differences in suitable areas, but also the spatial diversity patterns. Our study revealed the future distribution patterns of three vegetation types and highlighted the importance of preventing the transformation of alien WLS into invasive species, which can provide valuable guidance for urban planning and development.},
}
@article {pmid40079156,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, C and Wang, B and Zhou, Z and Lin, R and Huai, W and Wang, X and Zong, S and Yao, Y},
title = {On-site genetic diagnosis for the invasive pest Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) and its possible application.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {7},
pages = {3899-3906},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8756},
pmid = {40079156},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {2021YFD1400300//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Weevils/genetics/classification ; *Coleoptera/genetics ; Pinus ; *Insect Control/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Forests in nearly all regions worldwide are affected by invasions of non-native bark beetles. Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) is a globally invasive bark beetle that stealthily jeopardizes pine health and spreads worldwide insidiously. The worldwide occurrence of Hylurgus ligniperda challenges trade in pine logs or wooden materials. Early identification of Hylurgus ligniperda is crucial in implementing appropriate pest management strategies.<br><br>RESULTS: This study established a simple, efficient, and accurate method for identifying Hylurgus ligniperda based on recombinase polymerase amplification and the lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD). The method can distinguish Hylurgus ligniperda from other species and has a sensitivity threshold of 10&#x2009;fg/&#x3bc;L. Subsequently, field application tests were conducted using RPA-LFD assays, the first field application case in forestry entomology. The field test results showed that RPA-LFD combined with crude DNA extraction could accurately identify Hylurgus ligniperda (except elytra). The influence of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and wind) was also investigated. The results showed that only wind speed (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.003) was significantly correlated with the color rendering of the LFD and negatively correlated with the color and density of the LFD detection line.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A rapid field-based identification method applied helps&#xa0;the elimination of barriers to the lagging identification of invasive pests. Implementing RPA-LFD aims to provide a reliable and efficient tool for rapidly identifying invasive insects, enabling&#xa0;timely intervention and effective management strategies. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40078829,
year = {2025},
author = {Sennikov, A and Lazkov, G and German, DA},
title = {The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 3.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e145624},
pmid = {40078829},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We continue the series of detailed treatments of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. The complete background for every species occurrence (herbarium specimens, documented observations, published literature) is uncovered and critically evaluated in a wide context of plant invasions in Central Asia with a reference to Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, based on events in the political and economic history. Complete point distribution maps are provided for each species in Central Asia, in general and Kyrgyzstan, in particular.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: All records of Hesperismatronalis in Central Asia (including Kyrgyzstan) belong to H.pycnotricha; the latter species is newly reported as a locally naturalised alien in Kazakhstan. The previous record of Sisymbriumirio from Kyrgyzstan is rejected as based on a misidentified specimen of S.loeselii, but the species is newly recorded here as a recent casual alien. Hirschfeldiaincana is presumably native in south-western Turkmenistan; its second record in Central Asia was caused by the import of contaminated wheat grain in the times of the Soviet grain crisis and its recent expansion may be linked to the increasing import of forage grain. The introduction of Crambeorientalis was connected with its cultivation for fodder and as an ornamental plant and its further broad dispersal was aided by winds. Rorippaaustriaca is native in the steppes of north-western Kazakhstan, but alien in the mountains of Central Asia. The occurrences of three alien species originated directly from cultivation (Hesperispycnotricha as an ornamental, Armoraciarusticana as an edible plant, Crambeorientalis as an ornamental and fodder plant), three species (Hirschfeldiaincana, Mutardaarvensis, Sisymbriumirio) were imported as grain contaminants, whereas two others (Rorippaaustriaca, R.sylvestris) have arrived with contaminated soil on ornamental plants or arboreous saplings. The arrival period is inferred as the Neolithic period (Mutardaarvensis), the Imperial times (Armoraciarusticana, Hesperispycnotricha), the post-war Soviet times (Crambeorientalis, Rorippaaustriaca, R.sylvestris) and the independence times (Hirschfeldiaincana, Sisymbriumirio). All the treated species, but two, increase their frequency in Kyrgyzstan; Mutardaarvensis has already reached its complete distribution, being an ubiquitous weed, whereas Armoraciarusticana experiences a projected decline because its common cultivation has ceased. No species is invasive in natural habitats. A new combination, Mutardaarvensisvar.orientalis (L.) Sennikov, is proposed for a variant with pubescent pods.},
}
@article {pmid40077962,
year = {2025},
author = {Fenollosa, E and Arqués-Viver, I and de la Torre, J and Munné-Bosch, S},
title = {Machine learning and digital imaging for spatiotemporal monitoring of stress dynamics in the clonal plant Carpobrotus edulis: uncovering a functional mosaic.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {135},
number = {7},
pages = {1411-1424},
pmid = {40077962},
issn = {1095-8290},
support = {//Ministry of Universities in Spain/ ; },
mesh = {*Machine Learning ; Plant Leaves/physiology/metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Betalains/metabolism ; *Aizoaceae/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Rapid, large-scale monitoring is critical to understanding spatiotemporal plant stress dynamics, but current physiological stress markers are costly, destructive and time-consuming. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of machine learning to non-destructively predict leaf betalains - yellow to reddish pigments unique to Caryophyllales species - for the first time, and to explore intra-individual variation in betalains in a clonal species and its role in responding to stressful periods.<br><br>METHODS: We characterized the betalainic profile of an invasive clonal plant for the first time, Carpobrotus edulis (the cape fig), via high-performance liquid chromatography. We measured multiple stress markers over a year, including betalain content using our optimized method, where the species is spreading. Additionally, 3735 digital images at the leaf level were taken. Machine learning regression algorithms were trained to predict betalain accumulation from digital images, outperforming classic spectroradiometer measurements.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Betalain content increased sharply in non-reproductive ramets during extreme abiotic conditions in summer and during senescence in reproductive ramets. The stress markers revealed a strong intra-individual functional mosaic, underscoring the importance of spatiotemporal dimensions in stress tolerance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We developed a scalable, non-destructive tool for betalain research that integrates digital imaging with machine learning. This approach opens new possibilities for understanding spatiotemporal stress responses, particularly in clonal plant systems, using artificial intelligence.},
}
@article {pmid40077856,
year = {2025},
author = {Vetere, A and Ablondi, M and Gavezzoli, M and Di Ianni, F},
title = {Comparison of conventional vs. electrosurgical ovariosalpingectomy with the EnSeal[®] tissue sealer in pond sliders (Trachemys scripta): impacts on procedure time, surgical access, and recovery time according to follicular stage.},
journal = {The veterinary quarterly},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {1-9},
pmid = {40077856},
issn = {1875-5941},
mesh = {Female ; Animals ; *Electrosurgery/veterinary/methods ; *Ovariectomy/veterinary/methods ; Operative Time ; },
abstract = {Pond sliders (Trachemys scripta) is a common pet and invasive species in many countries. Its ability to thrive and reproduce in Mediterranean climates necessitates population control to prevent overpopulation. Ovariectomy is considered as a preventive strategy to limit reproduction and protect local biodiversity. This study compares two spaying techniques in Trachemys scripta: electrosurgery using the EnSeal[®] tissue sealer (group E) and a conventional approach with manual ligation of blood vessels (group C). Statistical tests evaluated procedural differences, including ANOVA for duration (factoring in follicular stage, surgery type, and their interaction) and Chi-squared tests for the likelihood of single surgical access via the prefemoral fossa and post-surgical feeding. Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' correction was used to assess complications by surgery type and follicular stage. ANOVA assessed the effect of follicular stage on surgery time, with follicles classified as Class I (n = 17), Class II (n = 12), and Class III (n = 7). Both follicular stage and surgery type significantly impacted surgery time, while their interaction was not significant, indicating independent effects. The likelihood of single-access procedures was significantly linked to surgery type, with EnSeal[®] procedures being faster and associated with earlier post-surgical feeding. Complications were not significantly linked to surgery type or follicular stage.},
}
@article {pmid40075941,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, SH and Lee, SI and Lee, SH and Jo, SE and Kim, KY},
title = {The Molecular Monitoring of an Invasive Freshwater Fish, Brown Trout (Salmo trutta), Using Real-Time PCR Assay and Environmental Water Samples.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40075941},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Salmo trutta, commonly known as brown trout, is an invasive species that has established itself in various regions, including South Korea, where it poses ecological risks to native freshwater fish populations. To enable natural habitat restoration, S. trutta needs to be monitored, but traditional monitoring techniques are associated with several limitations. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to apply a sensitive and specific real-time PCR (qPCR) assay using a set of primers and a hydrolysis probe specific to the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of S. trutta. Environmental DNA (eDNA) was extracted from river-water samples collected downstream of the Soyang Reservoir and around the Uiam Reservoir between January and March 2023. The qPCR assays successfully detected S. trutta eDNA in 11 of the 24 samples, with high concentrations found upstream and downstream of the Soyang River. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of qPCR assay for the S. trutta detection in aquatic environments and highlight its potential for monitoring the spread of this species, especially in areas that are difficult to survey using traditional methods. This molecular approach offers a more efficient tool for S. trutta population management, mitigating its impact on native biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid40075263,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, XX and Shi, LN and Shi, HM and Ye, JR},
title = {Characterization of the Priestia megaterium ZS-3 siderophore and studies on its growth-promoting effects.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {133},
pmid = {40075263},
issn = {1471-2180},
mesh = {*Siderophores/metabolism/pharmacology/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; *Arabidopsis/growth &amp; development/microbiology/metabolism/drug effects/genetics ; Iron/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Iron Deficiencies ; Ferric Compounds/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ability of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to alleviate iron deficiency-induced chlorosis in plants has been widely reported, but the role of siderophores in the re-greening process has rarely been investigated. In this study, the Priestia megaterium ZS-3 (ZS-3) siderophore was first characterized, and a 100-fold concentration of the crude extract of the siderophore was extracted by solid-phase extraction and used to inoculate Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate whether the ZS-3 siderophore could alleviate plant iron deficiency-induced chlorosis in the presence of an insoluble iron source and to determine how it promoted plant growth.<br><br>RESULTS: The results indicated that -Fe&#x2009;+&#x2009;Fe2O3 (Fe2O3) treatment induced a decrease in plant growth and iron nutritional status compared with those in the 1/2 MS (one-half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium). Expression levels of representative genes for chlorophyll synthesis, CHLM and CHLG, increased by 85.41% and 77.05% compared to Fe2O3 treatment; the IRT1 and FRO2 in Fe2O3 inoculated with the ZS-3 siderophore (T2 treatment) were upregulated by 88.1% and 87.20%, respectively. These results indicate that the ZS-3 siderophore upregulates the expressions of chlorophyll genes to increases photosynthesis and helps plants increase the transcription of iron and the activity of ferric-chelate reductase. Compared with the Fe2O3 treatment, the T2 group increased the soluble protein and chlorophyll contents by 2.64- and 3.47-fold, and improved the activities of ferric-chelate reductase and peroxidase (POD) by 3.69- and 2.9-fold, respectively, indicating that the ZS-3 siderophore maintained normal plant growth under Fe2O3 stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the ZS-3 siderophore Ferrioxamine E [M&#x2009;+&#x2009;Fe-2&#xa0;H] enhances plant iron uptake and transport activity at the transcriptional level, confirming the important role of the ZS-3 siderophore in plant iron deficiency status, and the results suggest that the ZS-3 siderophore helps plants acquire iron, alleviates plant chlorosis and promotes plant growth through mechanism I of plant iron acquisition. In this study, we closely linked the structural characterization and quantification of siderophores with Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis to elucidate the promotional mechanism of siderophores in Fe-deficient environments.},
}
@article {pmid40073483,
year = {2025},
author = {Gu, D and Zhang, C and Li, G and Xu, M and Wei, H and Fang, M and Shu, L and Wang, X and Peng, K and Jiang, Z and Yu, F},
title = {Longitudinal reconfiguration of multifaceted fish α and β diversity triggered by non-native species invasion in tropic rivers of Hainan Island.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {124902},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124902},
pmid = {40073483},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes ; *Introduced Species ; Rivers ; *Biodiversity ; China ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Human-mediated fish invasions have reconfigured the native fish faunas throughout the freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Beyond the well-documented homogenization reported in temperate basins, our knowledge on how multifaceted biodiversity response to fish invasions in tropic rivers remains poorly understood. It is also hanged in doubt that how fish invasions modify the longitudinal patterns of fish faunas under the concept of river continuum. Here, we applied one-way permutational multivariate analysis of variance to test how fish invasion influenced the longitudinal patterns of multifaceted α and β diversity of fish assemblages in three largest rivers of Hainan Island, China. Meanwhile, we employed multiple regression analysis to examine the relationships between the invasion degree and multiple α diversity indices as well as functional traits of native fishes. We found non-significant longitudinal variations for all multifaceted α diversity for native fish assemblages. However, our results demonstrated significantly longitudinal variations for multifaceted overall β diversity and its turnover components to the upstream-downstream gradient. Considering the consequence of non-native species invasion, we recorded tough homogenization in all the multifaceted aspects, as all the overall β diversity and its turnover components were concurrently significantly decreased after invasions. In comparation with upper reaches, the middle-lower reaches exhibited more significant homogeneous patterns incurred by invasions. In terms of biotic acceptance/resistance hypothesis, we found native fish faunas with higher richness, evenness and trophic level tented to resistant invaders, whereas with even phylogenetic compositions and late maturation showed acceptance to invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40069281,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, J and Li, L and Yu, H and Zhu, W and Hou, M and Yu, J and Yuan, M and Yu, Z},
title = {Modeling current and future distributions of invasive Asteraceae species in Northeast China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8379},
pmid = {40069281},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {YDZJ202501ZYTS551//Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan/ ; YDZJ202201ZYTS478//Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan/ ; 42461017//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2019FY101703//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; China ; *Asteraceae/physiology ; Climate Change ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {The ecological balance and agricultural productivity of northeastern China are seriously threatened by the long-term invasion and spread of Asteraceae plants, which have severely disrupted the region's biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., and Erigeron canadensis L. are Class 1 malignant invasive species widely distributed across northeastern China. In this context, we selected 36 predictor variables and utilized the MaxEnt model to investigate the influence of current climate on their distribution patterns. Using future climate data, we projected shifts in the distribution dynamics of these three Asteraceae species for two time periods (2041-2060 and 2061-2080) under three climate change scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). The MaxEnt model demonstrated a good predictive impact, with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.918. Currently, the three Asteraceae species are primarily found in the southern part of northeastern China. However, due to future climatic changes, their distribution centroids are gradually shifting southwest, leading to an increase in the area of highly suitable zones for these species. Moreover, trend analysis revealed that the potential distribution changes of highly suitable zones for the three Asteraceae species in the southwestern northeastern China are likely to experience an increasing invasive trend under various future climate models. This study provides initial insights into the distribution dynamics of Asteraceae species in northeastern China under climate change, enabling the formulation of plans for managing and preventing the risks and impacts of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40068658,
year = {2025},
author = {Romanenko, S and Romanenko, SA and Prokopov, DY and Marchenko, SA and Kulak, MM and Ilina, AV and Serdyukova, NA and Galkina, SA and Trifonov, VA},
title = {In situ and in silico Localization of Major Satellite DNAs in the Genome of the Red-Eared Slider (&lt;italic&gt;Trachemys scripta elegans&lt;/italic&gt;, Emydidae, Testudines).},
journal = {Cytogenetic and genome research},
volume = {165},
number = {3-5},
pages = {162-174},
doi = {10.1159/000544908},
pmid = {40068658},
issn = {1424-859X},
mesh = {*Turtles/genetics ; *Genome ; Animals ; *DNA, Satellite/genetics ; Chromosomes ; Chromosome Mapping ; Computational Biology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Satellite DNA is an important component of the eukaryotic genome. Some satellite DNAs plays an important role in various biological processes. The red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans, 2n = 50, C = 1.43 pg) belongs to the American freshwater turtle family and is recognized as one of the world's most invasive species. In the T. s. elegans chromosome-level genome assembly, which has been recently published, satellite DNAs comprise only 0.1%. From the repetitive repertoire of the T. elegans genome, only ribosomal DNA genes and telomeric repeats have been localized on the species' chromosomes.<br><br>METHODS: Using publicly available short-read sequencing data, we conducted de novo identification of the most abundant satellite DNAs in T. s. elegans using the TAREAN pipeline. We combined bioinformatics (using blastn) and chromosome mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization to describe the distribution of major tandem repetitive DNAs. The diversity and distribution of satDNA in the assembled genome of T. s. elegans were explored using the SatXplor pipeline.<br><br>RESULTS: Six major satellite sequences occupying approximately 0.8% of the genome were identified in the genome data, all of which were successfully localized both in situ and in silico on T. s. elegans chromosomes and in silico on chromosomal scaffolds. We revealed a complex structural organization of these sequences: monomers may be moderately or highly variable and they may contain regions homologous to retrotransposons. Cytogenetic mapping showed the accumulation of satellite DNAs in the pericentromeric regions of most chromosomes and in the distal regions of the short arms of submetacentric chromosomes. Comparisons between cytogenetic maps and genome assembly data revealed discrepancies in the number and chromosomal locations of the identified satellite DNA clusters.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The red-eared slider genome has a greater proportion of satellite DNA than was previously reported. These satellites demonstrate no specificity for either macrochromosomes or microchromosomes. Differences between in situ and in silico results indicate the challenges of repetitive sequence assembly, as well as discrepancies between chromosome numbering in the current chromosome-level genome assembly and the physical chromosome map.},
}
@article {pmid40066924,
year = {2025},
author = {Domingues, RF and Barbosa, MS and Sampaio, MV},
title = {Silicon amendment to the crop increases the potential of Aphidius platensis to control the invasive pest aphid Melanaphis sorghi.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {7},
pages = {3933-3942},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8762},
pmid = {40066924},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aphids/parasitology/growth &amp; development/physiology/drug effects ; *Silicon/pharmacology ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Sorghum/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The efficacy of integrated pest management programs can be affected by interactions between different pest control methods. Silicon (Si) amendments increase plant resistance to phytophagous insects; however, such amendments may also affect higher-trophic level species, causing either negative or positive impacts on the biological control of pests in treated crops. To evaluate the effect of Si amendment on the potential for control of the pest aphid Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) by the parasitoid Aphidius platensis (Bréthes), the key biological parameters and the fertility life tables of both species were assessed in the laboratory at both 23 ± 1 °C and 29 ± 1 °C without Si application and in a greenhouse trial, with the insects reared on plants grown in soil with and without the application of Si (800 kg of Si per hectare).<br><br>RESULTS: Without Si, the net reproductive rate (R0) value of the parasitoid at 23&#x2009;&#xb0;C was higher than that of the aphid (ratio of R0 of parasitoid/R0 of aphid&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.2), showing that the aphid can be controlled by the parasitoid at this temperature, but at 29&#x2009;&#xb0;C this reversed, with the R0 ratio declining to 0.79, permitting aphid outbreaks. In contrast, with Si, the parasitoid's R0 and rm (intrinsic rate of increase) were both equal or higher than the aphid's at both temperatures, with parasitoid/aphid ratios for R0 and rm ranging from 1.0 to 1.8.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Silicon amendment can increase A. platensis control of M. sorghi, representing its potential use in the integrated management of this pest in sorghum. &#xa9; 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40064996,
year = {2025},
author = {Reymondet, E and Grimond, J and Beisel, JN and Jacquet, S},
title = {Photogrammetric assessment of quagga mussel growth shows no winter cessation in lake Geneva.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8309},
pmid = {40064996},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Lakes ; Seasons ; Ecosystem ; *Photogrammetry/methods ; *Dreissena/growth &amp; development ; Introduced Species ; Temperature ; *Bivalvia/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {The quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) is an invasive alien species present in many aquatic ecosystems. Although this species is known for its ecological and economic impacts, there are still significant gaps in our knowledge of its ecophysiology. This is particularly true when its growth rate under natural conditions is considered. Using a photogrammetry-based approach, we assessed bivalve growth in Lake Geneva during different seasons and for a variety of habitats. Based on the recorded changes in maximum shell length analysed during the period of this study (winter and spring 2023-2024), we measured average growth rates ranging from 0.142 ± 0.099 mm day[-1] for individuals smaller than 10 mm to 0.089 ± 0.071 mm day[-1] for larger individuals. The size class-dependent growth rate was analysed on the basis of the time of year, the type of environment (depth, substrate) or, again, the temperature. Our results reveal that the growth rate, obtained in situ and without manipulation, primarily depends on size and is independent of temperature or habitat within the studied range. This growth capacity in Lake Geneva is the highest found to date and is likely to explain the invasion success of this species.},
}
@article {pmid40063808,
year = {2025},
author = {Goldman, DA and Xue, KS and Parrott, AB and Lopez, JA and Vila, JCC and Jeeda, RR and Franzese, LR and Porter, RL and Gray, IJ and DeFelice, BC and Petrov, DA and Good, BH and Relman, DA and Huang, KC},
title = {Competition for shared resources increases dependence on initial population size during coalescence of gut microbial communities.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {11},
pages = {e2322440122},
pmid = {40063808},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {R35 GM146949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; RM1 GM135102/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI147023/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM118165/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI147023/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI168860/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Coculture Techniques ; Bacteria/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The long-term success of introduced populations depends on both their initial size and ability to compete against existing residents, but it remains unclear how these factors collectively shape colonization dynamics. Here, we investigate how initial population (propagule) size shapes the outcome of community coalescence by systematically mixing eight pairs of in vitro microbial communities at ratios that vary over six orders of magnitude, and we compare our results to neutral ecological theory. Although the composition of the resulting cocultures deviated substantially from neutral expectations, each coculture contained species whose relative abundance depended on propagule size even after ~40 generations of growth. Using a consumer-resource model, we show that this dose-dependent colonization can arise when resident and introduced species have high niche overlap and consume shared resources at similar rates. Strain isolates displayed longer-lasting dose dependence when introduced into diverse communities than in pairwise cocultures, consistent with our model's prediction that propagule size should have larger, more persistent effects in diverse communities. Our model also successfully predicted that species with similar resource-utilization profiles, as inferred from growth in spent media and untargeted metabolomics, would show stronger dose dependence in pairwise coculture. This work demonstrates that transient, dose-dependent colonization dynamics can emerge from resource competition and exert long-term effects on the outcomes of community coalescence.},
}
@article {pmid40061223,
year = {2025},
author = {von Ammon, U and Jeunen, GJ and Laroche, O and Pochon, X and Gemmell, NJ and Stanton, JL and Zaiko, A},
title = {Investigating passive eDNA samplers and submergence times for marine surveillance.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19043},
pmid = {40061223},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*DNA, Environmental/analysis ; Animals ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods/instrumentation ; Biodiversity ; *Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; },
abstract = {Passive environmental DNA (eDNA) samplers offer a cost-effective and scalable approach to marine biodiversity monitoring, potentially aiding detections of non-indigenous species. This study explored the efficiency of passive eDNA samplers to detect a variety of globally problematic marine invasive species in field conditions: Sabella spallanzanii, Styela clava, Bugula neritina and Undaria pinnatifida. Four passive sampler substrates, nylon filters, positively charged nylon discs, nylon mesh, and artificial sponges, were tested across six submergence times, ranging from 10 to 720 min, against standard filtration-based approaches. Our results demonstrated that passive samplers could achieve comparable or even higher eDNA yields than traditional active filtration methods, indicating their potential for biosecurity surveillance. Species-specific droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR) assays provided sensitive and quantifiable eDNA signals, though assay validation remains crucial to avoid false negatives. Significant variation in eDNA signal detection highlighted the importance of considering both material selection and submersion time, depending on the targeted organisms. Furthermore, 18S rRNA metabarcoding was undertaken to assess how the overall detected biodiversity might interfere with species-specific detections. Certain sessile organisms, such as ascidians and polychaetes, dominated early representation on the passive filters but did not interfere with species-specific detection. By optimizing material selection, submersion time, and assay validation, passive eDNA sampling can enhance the sensitivity and reliability of eDNA-based monitoring, contributing to improved marine biosecurity and conservation efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40060725,
year = {2025},
author = {Corley, MK and Cosme, LV and Armbruster, PA and Beebe, N and Bega, A and Boyer, S and Caputo, B and Chen, CH and Crawford, JE and Della Torre, A and Eritja, R and Fontaine, MC and Gill, RJ and Huynh, T and Kadriaj, P and Maringer, K and Martins, AJ and Maynard, A and Mukherjee, S and Munstermann, LE and Pichler, V and Sharakhova, M and Surendran, SN and Urbanelli, S and Velo, E and Wahid, I and Akiner, MM and Balatsos, G and Besnard, G and Borg, ML and Bravo-Barriga, D and Bueno Marí, R and Collantes, F and Horvath, C and Kavran, M and Medialdea-Carrera, R and Melillo, T and Michaelakis, A and Mikov, O and Puggioli, A and Rogozi, E and Schaffner, F and Hackett, K and Johnson, T and Wu, T and Pinto, J and Valadas, V and Caccone, A},
title = {Population Structure of the Invasive Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus, in Europe.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e71009},
pmid = {40060725},
issn = {2045-7758},
support = {R01 AI132409/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is currently the most widespread invasive mosquito species in the world. It poses a significant threat to human health, as it is a vector for several arboviruses. We used a SNP chip to genotype 748 Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from 41 localities across Europe, 28 localities in the native range in Asia, and 4 in the Americas. Using multiple algorithms, we examined population genetic structure and differentiation within Europe and across our global dataset to gain insight into the origin of the invasive European populations. We also compared results from our SNP data to those obtained using genotypes from 11 microsatellite loci (N = 637 mosquitoes from 25 European localities) to explore how sampling effort and the type of genetic marker used may influence conclusions about Ae. albopictus population structure. While some analyses detected more than 20 clusters worldwide, we found mosquitoes could be grouped into 7 distinct genetic clusters, with most European populations originating in East Asia (Japan or China). Interestingly, some populations in Eastern Europe did not share genetic ancestry with any populations from the native range or Americas, indicating that these populations originated from areas not sampled in this study. The SNP and microsatellite datasets found similar patterns of genetic differentiation in Europe, but the microsatellite dataset could not detect the more subtle genetic structure revealed using SNPs. Overall, data from the SNP chip offered a higher resolution for detecting the genetic structure and the potential origins of invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40060715,
year = {2025},
author = {Moura, CJ and Wirtz, P and Nhanquê, FT and Barbosa, C and Serrão, E},
title = {Hotspot of Exotic Benthic Marine Invertebrates Discovered in the Tropical East Atlantic: DNA Barcoding Insights From the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e70964},
pmid = {40060715},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {This study aimed to explore and document putative exotic marine benthic invertebrate species in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, to enhance understanding of marine biodiversity and address the extent of marine species introductions. The research was conducted in the Bijagós Archipelago, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located in Guinea-Bissau. The study involved the region's first scuba-diving survey of marine biodiversity. DNA barcoding was employed to assist in the identification of benthic invertebrate species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted with the available DNA barcodes to ensure accurate taxonomic assignments, detect cryptic species, and investigate the phylogeography of the taxa. The survey resulted in the discovery of 28 new species records for the Bijagós Archipelago, including octocorals, scleractinians, hydroids, bryozoans, barnacles, and ascidians. Among these, six species were documented for the first time in the East Atlantic: Stragulum bicolor, Nemalecium lighti, Diphasia sp., Amathia alternata, A. distans, and Symplegma rubra. Molecular analyses revealed pervasive cryptic diversity within species previously listed as exotic, suggesting that some, such as the hydroids Plumularia setacea, Obelia geniculata, and Dynamena disticha, are not exotic due to their restricted biogeographic distributions. Many other species reported as introduced present only a few genetic lineages capable of long-distance dispersal due to human activities. The study highlights considerable gaps in the knowledge of West African marine biodiversity and suggests a substantial underestimation of the anthropogenic trade in exotic marine species between the Tropical East Atlantic and the Americas, and between the Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean, and West Africa. Detailed taxonomic and genomic analyses are necessary for understanding marine exotic species' biogeography and adaptive traits. Our findings challenge current classifications of exotic species and underscore the need for improved monitoring and management to prevent the spread of non-native marine species.},
}
@article {pmid40058322,
year = {2025},
author = {van Elden, S and Fasca, H and Meeuwig, JJ},
title = {Conservation implications of dominant species associated with ocean infrastructure: The genus Tubastraea (Dendrophyllidae).},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {117789},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117789},
pmid = {40058322},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Oceans and Seas ; Australia ; },
abstract = {More than 28,000 fixed structures are found throughout the world's continental shelf waters. This infrastructure can have significant ecological value but can also facilitate dominant invasive species. One such taxon is Tubastraea (Dendrophyllidae), several species of which are found throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans and have invaded the Atlantic Ocean, where their impacts are well-studied. High abundances of Tubastraea on ocean infrastructure have been documented in their native range, particularly in Australia, where we argue Tubastraea should be classified as native dominant invaders. It is critical that we gain a better understanding of the ecological role played by Tubastraea, as this may have significant implications for the decommissioning of ocean infrastructure in both the non-native and native ranges of these species. Countries where Tubastraea are native should be alert to these dominant invasive species, and consider how new habitats such as ocean infrastructure can facilitate native invasions.},
}
@article {pmid40058321,
year = {2025},
author = {Solak-Fiskin, C and Cihan, M and Gül, MR},
title = {The collective effects of potential drivers on the incidence of non-indigenous species in the Mediterranean: A long-term investigation.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {117753},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117753},
pmid = {40058321},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {Mediterranean Sea ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Ecosystem ; Animals ; Ships ; *Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Non-indigenous species (NIS) pose a significant threat to society and the ecosystem in the Mediterranean Sea as well as global ecosystems. These species are introduced into marine environments through a combination of various vectors that are likely interconnected. Therefore, this study collectively investigates shipping activities, environmental dynamics, and socioeconomic factors as causative drivers of NIS incidence in the Mediterranean Sea. For this purpose, data sets covering the period between 1993 and 2023 were retrieved from various online databases. The model overall largely explained the incidence rate of NIS (79.3 %) in the Mediterranean Sea. The relative contribution of the selected variables varied between 17.1 % and 7.6 %, population and bulk carrier ships, respectively. Consequently, while some of the examined variables were more important than others, this study clearly indicated that all these causative drivers need to be collectively considered for efficient management strategies of NIS.},
}
@article {pmid40057940,
year = {2025},
author = {Akbar, MN and Moskoff, DR and Barrett, SCH and Colautti, RI},
title = {Latitudinal clines in the phenology of floral display associated with adaptive evolution during a biological invasion.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {112},
number = {3},
pages = {e70015},
pmid = {40057940},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {*Flowers/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; *Biological Evolution ; *Lythrum/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; North America ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Flowering phenology strongly influences reproductive success in plants. Days to first flower is easy to quantify and widely used to characterize phenology, but reproductive fitness depends on the full schedule of flower production over time. We investigated flowering schedules in relation to the onset and duration of flowering and tested for latitudinal clines in schedule shape associated with rapid evolution and range expansion of an invasive plant.<br><br>METHODS: We examined floral display traits among 13 populations of Lythrum salicaria, sampled along a 10-degree latitudinal gradient in eastern North America. We grew these collections in a common garden field experiment at a mid-latitude site and quantified variation in flowering schedule shape using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and quantitative metrics analogous to central moments of probability distributions (i.e., mean, variance, skew, and kurtosis).<br><br>RESULTS: Consistent with earlier evidence for adaptation to shorter growing seasons, we found that populations from higher latitudes had earlier start and mean flowering day, on average, when compared to populations from southern latitudes. Flowering skew increased with latitude, whereas kurtosis decreased, consistent with a bet-hedging strategy in biotic environments with more herbivores and greater competition for pollinators.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Heritable clines in flowering schedules are consistent with adaptive evolution in response to a predicted shift toward weaker biotic interactions and less variable but more stressful abiotic environments at higher latitudes, potentially contributing to rapid evolution and range expansion of this invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40055932,
year = {2025},
author = {Shan, Q and Huang, X and Ye, S and Zhou, H and Xu, F and Li, J and Lin, J and Li, L and Yin, Y},
title = {Residue Behavior and Risk Assessment of Diazepam and Its Metabolites in Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) After Oral Administration.},
journal = {Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics},
volume = {48},
number = {3},
pages = {212-220},
doi = {10.1111/jvp.13505},
pmid = {40055932},
issn = {1365-2885},
support = {2023sdr006//the Zhongshan City 2023 Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Municipal and County Science and Technology Innovation Support Project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Drug Residues/analysis/pharmacokinetics ; Administration, Oral ; *Diazepam/pharmacokinetics/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Risk Assessment ; *Carps/metabolism ; *Goldfish/metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/veterinary ; Half-Life ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/veterinary ; Tissue Distribution ; },
abstract = {Diazepam (DZP), a benzodiazepine medication, is extensively utilized in both human and veterinary medicine and has been frequently detected in fish populations. The use of DZP-laced bait is identified as a predominant contributor to drug residue contamination in fish. Nonetheless, our understanding of the residue profile of DZP in fish and its potential implications for human health remains constrained. This study investigated the residue behavior and dietary intake risks of DZP and its primary metabolites in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) following oral administration. A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the reliable quantification of DZP and its identified metabolites. The findings revealed rapid absorption and extensive distribution of DZP in crucian carp, with peak concentrations in plasma and tissues occurring at 1 h. The distribution pattern of DZP, based on calculated AUC, was kidney > liver > plasma > gill > muscle plus skin. The distribution of DZP in plasma and tested tissues followed the decreasing order of kidney > liver > plasma > gill > muscle plus skin according to the calculated AUC. DZP elimination was notably slow, particularly in muscle plus skin, with an elimination half-life of 619.31 h, necessitating at least 70 days for concentrations to fall below the limit of quantitation, suggesting a high likelihood of residue formation in fish from oral DZP administration. DZP was metabolized into nordiazepam and temazepam in crucian carp; nordiazepam is the main metabolite of DZP, which is gradually higher than the parent drug in the elimination phase. The dietary risk assessment suggested that a possible health risk (HQ ≥ 0.1) was found within 1 day via ingestion of crucian carp after an oral dose of DZP, suggesting that frequent consumption of high-residue crucian carp may cause harm to human health.},
}
@article {pmid40055331,
year = {2025},
author = {Guerrero, PC and Contador, T and Díaz, A and Escobar, C and Orlando, J and Marín, C and Medina, P},
title = {Southern Islands Vascular Flora (SIVFLORA) dataset: A global plant database from Southern Ocean islands.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {397},
pmid = {40055331},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Islands ; *Biodiversity ; *Plants/classification ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Databases, Factual ; },
abstract = {The Southern Islands Vascular Flora (SIVFLORA) dataset is a globally significant, open-access resource that compiles essential biodiversity data on vascular plants from islands across the Southern Ocean. The SIVFLORA dataset was generated through five steps: study area delimitation, compiling the dataset, validating and harmonizing taxonomy, structuring dataset attributes, and establishing file format and open access. Covering major taxonomic divisions, SIVFLORA offers a comprehensive overview of plant occurrences, comprising 14,589 records representing 886 species, 95 families, and 42 orders. This dataset documents that 58.62% of the taxa are native, 9.61% are endemic, and 31.77% are alien species. The Falkland/Malvinas Archipelago, the most species-rich, contrast sharply with less diverse islands like the South Orkney Archipelago. SIVFLORA serves as a taxonomically harmonized, interoperable resource for investigating plant diversity patterns, ecosystem responses to climate change in extreme environments, island biogeography, endemism, and the effects of anthropogenic pressures on Southern Ocean flora.},
}
@article {pmid40052297,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, Y and Silvestro, D and Mathes, GH and van der Heijden, MGA and Müller-Schärer, H},
title = {Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Plant-Soil Feedbacks Explain the Spread Potential of a Plant Invader Under Climate Warming and Biocontrol Herbivory.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e70110},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70110},
pmid = {40052297},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {F 2022/1448//Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research MISTRA/ ; 31003A_166448/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; PCEFP3_187012/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; 2019-04739//Swedish Research Council/ ; 32201438//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 11042110026//Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Huazhong Agricultural University/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; *Climate Change ; *Soil Microbiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) can contribute to the success of invasive plants. Despite strong evidence that plant genetic traits influence soil microbial communities and vice versa, empirical evidence exploring these feedbacks over evolutionary timescales, especially under climate change, remains limited. We conducted a 5-year field study of the annual invasive plant, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., to examine how selection under climate warming and biocontrol insect herbivory shapes plant population genetics, soil properties, and microbial communities. After four generations under warming and herbivory, we collected seeds of the F4 plant populations together with their conditioned soil for a common garden PSF experiment to explore how resulting PSFs patterns are influencing the performance and spread potential of Ambrosia under changing environmental conditions. This is especially relevant because our recent predictions point to a northward spread of Ambrosia in Europe and Asia under climate change, outpacing the spread of its insect biocontrol agent. We discovered that warming and herbivory significantly but differentially altered plant genetic composition and its soil microbial communities, with less pronounced effects on soil physicochemical properties. Our results indicate that both herbivory and warming generated negative PSFs. These negative PSFs favored plant growth of the seeds from the persistent soil seed bank growing in the conditioned soil under insect herbivory, and by this maintaining the Ambrosia population genetic diversity. They also enhanced the spread potential of warming-selected plant offspring, especially from warmer (southern) to colder (northern) climates. This can be explained by the observed decrease in soil pathogens occurrence under insect herbivory and by the especially strong genetic changes in plant populations under climate warming. Our findings provide insights into how climate warming and biocontrol management affect eco-evolutionary interactions between invasive plant populations and their soil environments, which are critical for predicting invasion dynamics in the context of global change.},
}
@article {pmid40051553,
year = {2025},
author = {Garcia, RA and Clusella-Trullas, S},
title = {Microclimatic changes caused by plant invasions and warming: uncovering thermal costs and benefits to a tortoise.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {coaf016},
pmid = {40051553},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {Non-native plant invasions and climate warming alter the microclimatic conditions that organisms experience in their habitats, with potential implications for the fitness of native faunal species, particularly ectotherms. Predictions for species conservation increasingly use microclimate data at fine spatial scales relevant to organisms, but they typically overlook the modulating effect that vegetation changes have on the microclimates available in the habitat. Here we quantify the microclimatic changes imposed by invasive trees and simultaneous warming on native habitats and assess the resulting thermal benefits and costs to a small tortoise species (Homopus areolatus) from an organismal perspective and throughout its life cycle. We logged operative temperature above- and belowground in the field, covering the diversity of microhabitats across the four seasons of the year, and assessed the species' optimal temperature in the laboratory. Moving beyond the common use of averages, we applied a range of metrics to quantify differences between invaded and native areas in spatio-temporal temperature distributions, combined effects with warming and thermal habitat suitability for the species. We found that invaded areas became cooler and less exposed to temperatures above the species' optimal in summer. This buffering effect is expected to become more pronounced with further climate warming, turning invaded areas into potential thermal refugia. However, reduced spatial thermal heterogeneity during warm periods, more prevalent sub-optimal low temperatures in winter and colder underground incubation conditions in invaded areas could be detrimental to the species' long-term performance. Our results reveal the mixed nature of thermal effects of invasive plants on ectotherms, underscoring the importance of applying a suite of metrics to assess microclimate distribution changes. The approach used here illustrates the value of integrating thermal physiological and microclimatic information for a more mechanistic understanding of conservation problems.},
}
@article {pmid40050509,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, HY and Huang, J and Zhang, L and Qiu, G and Bu, R and Tang, KW and Marrs, RH and Tong, C},
title = {Comparison of seed traits between an invasive plant and its native competitor along a latitudinal gradient.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {3},
pages = {49},
pmid = {40050509},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {2019FY100600//National Science and Technology Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period/ ; 2021FKJ30//Fujian Forest Science and Technology Project (CN)/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Seeds ; *Poaceae ; China ; },
abstract = {Seeds are crucial for plant population maintenance and dispersal. Invasive species often exhibit seed traits that enhance their colonization success, such as increased dispersal potential, earlier germination, or greater resource reserves. However, few studies have compared seed traits between invasive and native plant species along environmental gradients. Here, we compared morphological traits and nutrient concentrations of the seeds of two competing species, the native common reed (Phragmites australis) and the invasive saltmarsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), along a 20° latitudinal gradient of the Chinese coast, and their relationships with environmental factors. Significant differences were found between the two species for 11 of the 13 traits with respect to latitude. Specifically, the seed size of S. alterniflora decreased with increasing latitude, but P. australis showed a slight curvilinear relationship with latitude, reducing to a minimum between 30 and 35° N. The latitudinal variation in seed set showed the opposite trends in both species at high latitudes. Seed nitrogen concentration decreased with latitude in both species, while seed phosphorus concentration declined only in P. australis. We also identified that temperature-dependent climatic variables were more important than soil properties in affecting the latitudinal variations of seed traits for both species, especially for S. alterniflora. Based on the results, we predict that the greater fecundity of S. alterniflora populations poses an increasing threat to P. australis at the higher latitudes as temperature rises due to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40048863,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, YJ and Fenton, H and Hall, J and Rose, K and Peddemors, VM and Šlapeta, J},
title = {Dolphins share Toxoplasma gondii Type II genotypes with terrestrial animals: Evidence of terrestrial T. gondii contamination in marine environments.},
journal = {Veterinary parasitology},
volume = {335},
number = {},
pages = {110439},
doi = {10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110439},
pmid = {40048863},
issn = {1873-2550},
mesh = {Animals ; *Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology/epidemiology ; *Toxoplasma/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; *Genotype ; *Dolphins/parasitology ; New South Wales/epidemiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; },
abstract = {Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals, leading to toxoplasmosis. Dolphins are invaluable sentinel species informing potential risks of zoonotic pathogen infection in humans through raw or undercooked seafood consumption. Between 2019 and 2023, 14 dolphins from coastal New South Wales, Australia were examined as part of ongoing marine animal health monitoring programs. Based on the histological lesions of inflammation associated with protozoal structures, Toxoplasma gondii infection is interpreted to have contributed to morbidity and mortality of four of these dolphins as identified via real-time PCR for B1 and REP genes on genetic material extracted from lung and brain samples. Additional genetic characterisation was performed on three T. gondii dolphin samples utilising multiplex multilocus nested PCR-RFLP (Mn-PCR-RFLP) targeting 13 genetic markers: B1, SAG1, 5' and 3' SAG2, alt. SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico. A Type II variant genotype, also called ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #3, was identified in four tissues. Three of the samples displayed a unique genotype on the SAG3 marker, and one of the samples showed unique genotypes on both B1 and c22-8 markers. Our findings suggest that T. gondii of the same genotype has been circulating in New South Wales for the past decade. Although temporal data is limited, all examined animals were found stranded during multi-year La Niña events. The notable increase in rainfall in 2022 is considered a potential factor leading to T. gondii infections in these dolphins, likely due to run-off containing feline faecal contamination highlighting the widespread impact of invasive species in Australia.},
}
@article {pmid40045587,
year = {2025},
author = {Hendrickson, BT and Stamps, C and Patterson, CM and Strickland, H and Foster, M and Albano, LJ and Kim, AY and Kim, PY and Kooyers, NJ},
title = {Evolution of drought resistance strategies following the introduction of white clover (Trifolium repens L.).},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {135},
number = {7},
pages = {1377-1392},
pmid = {40045587},
issn = {1095-8290},
support = {OIA-1920858//NSF/ ; 950-231981//Canada Research Chair/ ; },
mesh = {*Trifolium/physiology/genetics ; *Droughts ; *Biological Evolution ; Stress, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Dehydration ; Water ; Drought Resistance ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Success during colonization is likely to depend on growing quickly and tolerating novel and stressful environmental conditions. However, rapid growth, stress avoidance and stress tolerance are generally considered divergent physiological strategies.<br><br>METHODS: We evaluated how white clover (Trifolium repens) has evolved to a divergent water regime following introduction to North America. We conducted RNA sequencing within a dry-down experiment using accessions from low- and high-latitude populations from native and introduced ranges and assessed variation in dehydration avoidance (ability to avoid wilting) and dehydration tolerance (ability to survive wilting).<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Introduced populations were better at avoiding dehydration, but poorer at tolerating dehydration than native populations. There was a strong negative correlation between avoidance and tolerance traits, and expression of most drought-associated genes exhibited similar trade-offs. Candidate genes with expression strongly associated with dehydration avoidance were linked to stress signalling, closing stomata and producing osmoprotectants. However, genes with expression linked to dehydration tolerance were associated with avoiding excessive production of reactive oxygen species and toxic bioproducts of stress responses. Several candidate genes showed differential expression patterns between native and introduced ranges and could underlie differences in drought resistance syndromes between ranges.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there has been strong selection following introduction for dehydration avoidance at the cost of surviving dehydration. More broadly, trade-offs between dehydration avoidance and tolerance responses are likely to exist at both the genetic and phenotypic scales that will influence evolutionary responses and potentially limit the global spectrum of plant form and function.},
}
@article {pmid40045410,
year = {2025},
author = {Franco Martins, J and Dina Troco, A and Marques, C and Chipepa, V and Seixas, G and Pinto, J and Garcia, L and Pedro Jorge, C and Manuel, E and Alves, G},
title = {Asian tiger mosquito in the oil-producing city of Soyo: the first report of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Angola.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {90},
pmid = {40045410},
issn = {1756-3305},
mesh = {Animals ; Angola ; *Aedes/classification/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Mosquito Vectors/classification/genetics ; Larva/classification/genetics ; Humans ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Introduced Species ; Cities ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), is a highly invasive species that has successfully colonized many tropical and temperate regions worldwide. Its rapid global spread is strongly associated with human activities and has created favorable conditions for the emergence of human arboviruses in new geographic areas.<br><br>METHODS: Mosquito larvae were collected by community health workers from different breeding sites and reared to adults in a field insectary. Adult mosquitoes were morphologically identified to species level. Species identification was confirmed by cytochrome oxidase subunit I DNA barcoding.<br><br>RESULTS: We report the first detection of Aedes albopictus in Angola during an Anopheles stephensi survey conducted in Soyo, Zaire Province. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Angolan Ae. albopictus population clusters with sequences from Central African countries, suggesting an introduction from within the continent.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The presence of Ae. albopictus in Angola highlights the need for enhanced vector surveillance and control measures to prevent the emergence of arboviral diseases. This finding emphasizes the relevance of collaboration between local health authorities, communities, and international organizations in monitoring the spread of invasive mosquito species.},
}
@article {pmid40043025,
year = {2025},
author = {Sanyal, S and Subba Rao, AVM and Timmanna, H and Baradevanal, G and Bal, SK and Chandran, MAS and Shashank, PR and Singh, VK and Ghosh, PK},
title = {The global invasion risk of rice yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera:Crambidae) under current and future climate scenarios.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {e0310234},
pmid = {40043025},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Oryza/parasitology ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; India ; Ecosystem ; *Lepidoptera/physiology ; *Moths/physiology ; },
abstract = {Rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a serious pest, that causes significant yield loss (10-40%) to rice crop in India and other parts of the world. This study emphasizes the prediction of the potential invasion risk, distribution, and further spread of S. incertulas during current and future climate change scenarios in India and the world. The pest identity was confirmed with morphological taxonomy, and the possible habitat distribution and further spread in future climate scenarios were modelled using the MaxEnt algorithm. The climate niche for S. incertulas was also established by analyzing the correlation between the pest occurrence data of 143 locations in India and seven bioclimatic variables viz., bio01, bio02, bio03, bio05, bio12, bio13, and bio15, were chosen for predicting the distribution of S. incertulas. The model performance was good as it exhibited a strong Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve value of 0.949. Based on the Jackknife test, the Bio 13 (precipitation of the wettest month), exhibited the highest gain value and emerged as the primary abiotic factor exerting influence on the potential habitat distribution of this borer. The study demonstrated that bioclimatic variables annual mean temperature (30 °C), and annual precipitation (10-700 mm) favour its multiplication, infestation, and further spread to new areas. As the anticipated habitat range of S. incertulas is of considerable importance for researchers and other stakeholders involved in plant protection, the data generated here may be useful for researchers, policymakers, and farmers for designing better management strategies to mitigate this pest and curtail its spread to new rice growing areas in a rapidly changing global environment.},
}
@article {pmid40041937,
year = {2025},
author = {Dolan, EJ and Soto, I and Dick, JTA and He, F and Cuthbert, RN},
title = {Riverine Barrier Removals Could Proliferate Biological Invasions.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e70093},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70093},
pmid = {40041937},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {E355S122//Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; ECF-2021-001//Leverhulme Trust/ ; //Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, UK Government/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Rivers ; *Ecosystem ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Multiple stressors, such as pollution, climate change, invasive species and fragmentation, threaten global ecosystems, requiring holistic management actions. Freshwater ecosystems are disproportionately biodiverse and particularly impacted by fragmentation and biological invasions. Artificial barriers, such as dams and weirs, are long-standing features of global landscapes, with a divergence of views on their benefits and disbenefits. Recognition of the negative impacts of barriers on the river continuum and native biota, particularly for migratory aquatic species, has led to a rapid rate of barrier removals in recent decades, especially in North America and Europe. However, since the rise in riverine barrier construction centuries ago, global biological invasion rates have concurrently surged. Artificial barriers can paradoxically slow the spread of invasive species through freshwaters, and barrier removal efforts thus risk proliferating invasive species that disperse rapidly through connected habitats. Despite well-intended plans for river restoration through barrier removals, the subsequent spread and colonisation of invasive species have been largely overlooked. This presents a 'connectivity conundrum': the removal of barriers intuitively addresses the issues of native species migrations and dispersals, but could perversely exacerbate the spread of invasive species. Basin-scale data collection around the short- and long-term impacts on invasive species will help to underpin future restoration projects and maximise the potential beneficial outcomes of barrier removals for native species.},
}
@article {pmid40041550,
year = {2025},
author = {Calado, HRMG and Soares, AO and Heleno, R and Borges, PAV},
title = {Arthropod communities of insular (São Miguel Island, Azores) and mainland (Portugal) coastal grasslands.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e144915},
pmid = {40041550},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The data presented here is part of a doctoral project aimed at characterising and comparing arthropod diversity across biotic communities in coastal ecosystems. The present work provides an inventory of the arthropods recorded in two coastal grasslands ecosystems: the Portugal mainland and the Azores. Sampling was conducted on São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago) as well as in the Sesimbra and Sines regions (Setúbal District, mainland Portugal). Thirty-one plots were set and visited four times, in spring and summer of 2022.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: The specimens collected were sorted and catalogued into a total of 534 arthropod species and morphospecies. In total, 67 species were common to both ecosystems. A total of 13,515 specimens were counted in the two coastal grasslands. We registered three new records for the Azores (in S&#xe3;o Miguel Island), all being exotic: Aritranisdirector (Thumberg, 1822) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), Draeculacephalabradleyi, Van Duzee, 1915 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) and Isodontia sp. Patton, 1880 (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). This publication demonstrates the importance of coastal grasslands as reservoirs for some potentially invasive arthropod species.},
}
@article {pmid40040478,
year = {2025},
author = {Martín Ávila, JA and Rebollo, S and Fernández-Pereira, JM and Monteagudo, N and Díaz-Aranda, LM},
title = {Encouraging native predators of invasive yellow-legged hornets: breeding habitat preferences of European honey buzzards in exotic Eucalyptus plantations.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {7},
pages = {3704-3714},
pmid = {40040478},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; //Universidad de Alcal&#xe1;/ ; //REMEDINAL/ ; //Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; //Spanish Ministerio de Econom&#xed;a y Competividad/ ; //Spanish Ministerio de Educaci&#xf3;n y Ciencia/ ; },
mesh = {*Eucalyptus/growth &amp; development ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Reproduction ; Introduced Species ; *Predatory Behavior ; Europe ; *Falconiformes/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: While natural forests have decreased globally, forest plantations have expanded highlighting the need for studies on plantations' capacity to sustain biodiversity and provide ecosystem services within agroforestry mosaics. This study examined the breeding habitat preferences of European honey buzzards Pernis apivorus (a native predator of the invasive yellow-legged hornet) and their relationship with reproductive performance in exotic Eucalyptus plantations in southwestern Europe. We expected better reproductive performance in preferred habitats.<br><br>RESULTS: Breeding habitats (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;57 nesting locations) and randomly selected control points (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;77) were compared across spatial scales. We analyzed the relative importance of vegetation and topographic features, intraspecific territorial behavior, and interspecific interactions within the diurnal raptor guild. Two complementary approaches were employed: binomial generalized linear models for predictive habitat models, and random forest classification models to assess the relative importance of habitat factors. We examined the relationship between habitat preferences and reproductive performance based on laying phenology and fledgling success. Vegetation and topography were the most influential factors affecting habitat preferences, especially around nests (a 200&#x2009;m-radius circle). Honey-buzzards preferred large nest trees within forest patches exhibiting high structural complexity and maturity. Preferred habitats were negatively associated with fledgling success, and no significant relationship was detected with laying phenology.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that Eucalyptus plantations can offer suitable breeding habitats for honey-buzzards if managed appropriately. This finding is crucial for guiding forest management decisions aimed at enhancing high-quality breeding habitats for honey-buzzards and encouraging their regulatory services against yellow-legged hornets. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid40038433,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, B and Crawford, M and Portman, TA and Fehmi, JS and Rasmussen, C and Hoyt, DW and Toyoda, J and Chu, RK and Clendinen, CS and Veličković, D and Arnold, AE and Tfaily, MM},
title = {Metabolite-driven mechanisms reveal chemical ecology of Lehmann Lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) invasion in North American semi-arid ecosystems.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {364},
pmid = {40038433},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {DE-SC0023297//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Poaceae/metabolism/physiology ; Metabolomics/methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Metabolome ; North America ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Desert Climate ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants threaten global ecosystems, yet traditional analyses of functional traits cannot fully explain their dominance over co-occurring natives. Metabolomics offers insights into plant invasions, but single-technique studies often miss critical biochemical mechanisms. We employ a multimodal metabolomics approach ([1]H NMR, LC MS/MS, FT-ICR-MS, and MALDI-MSI) to investigate the biochemical basis of Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) invasion in semi-arid North America, comparing it with a co-occurring native grass, Arizona cottontop (Digitaria californica). Our analysis reveals three metabolomic traits of Lehmann lovegrass compared to Arizona cottontop: Enhanced nitrogen allocation in shoots, reduced defensive metabolites in root layers; and increased root exudate modulation under stress conditions. These traits suggest Lehmann lovegrass succeeds through adaptation to increasing aridity rather than direct competition, demonstrating adaptation to nutrient-poor environments and high phenotypic plasticity in response to increasing aridity. This integrated metabolomic approach provides new mechanistic insights into invasion ecology and plant adaptation under environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid40038213,
year = {2025},
author = {Young, NE and Williams, DA and Shadwell, KS and Pearse, IS and Jarnevich, CS},
title = {How to model a new invader? US-invaded range models outperform global or combined range models after 100 occurrences.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {e70010},
doi = {10.1002/eap.70010},
pmid = {40038213},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//U.S. Geological Survey, Biogeographic Science/ ; 009732-00002//U.S. Geological Survey/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Models, Biological ; *Plants/classification ; United States ; Ecosystem ; North America ; },
abstract = {Invasive species are an economic and ecological burden, and efforts to limit their impact are greatly improved with reliable maps based on species distribution models (SDMs). However, the potential distribution of new invaders is difficult to anticipate because they are still spreading with few observations in their invaded habitat. Therefore, an accepted practice in predicting the distribution of invasive species has been to incorporate habitat information from its entire geographic distribution (invaded and native ranges) into SDMs. Yet, this approach, due to niche shifts, niche expansions, and data deficiencies, commonly misrepresents where an invasive species is found in its new range. Here, we use time series records (invasion stages) from 13 invasive plant species in North America to explore the tension between modeling invasive species using global range and invaded range data and to determine if there is a "tipping point" at which one SDM strategy performs better than the other in predicting the ultimate distribution. At the earliest invasion stage, models developed using both invaded range and global occurrences on average performed better and had less variability across species than other model strategies at this stage. However, after as few as 100 observations of an invasive plant had been made, US-invaded range models, on average, outperformed global range models and models that combined occurrences. By building models with global and US-scale predictors, we show that higher performance of invaded range models was in part because of greater data quality at the invaded-range scale. Our work demonstrates that after relatively few observations of an invasive species in its invaded range, it is more accurate to model its potential distribution using only information from the invaded range while disregarding information from other regions. This work develops a robust and comprehensive approach to modeling novel distributions of newly observed invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid40037968,
year = {2025},
author = {Pedersen, S and Kennedy, PJ and O'Shea-Wheller, TA and Poidatz, J and Christie, A and Osborne, JL and Tyler, CR},
title = {Broad ecological threats of an invasive hornet revealed through a deep sequencing approach.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {970},
number = {},
pages = {178978},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178978},
pmid = {40037968},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Wasps/physiology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Predatory Behavior ; Bees ; Diet ; Food Chain ; France ; Spain ; *Environmental Monitoring ; },
abstract = {Most terrestrial invertebrates are in considerable decline, and the range expansion of the invasive hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax, poses an additional threat. Although now found in much of western Europe, the full extent of the hornet's predatory activity remains unexplored. While impacts on honey bees are well-documented, evidence of a wider dietary spectrum is emerging, indicating potentially broad ecological ramifications. Here, we conduct the first large-scale study of the diet of V. velutina, utilising deep sequencing to characterise the larval gut contents of over 1500 samples from Jersey, France, Spain, and the UK. Our results indicate that V. velutina is a highly flexible predator, enabling its continued range expansion capacity. Analyses detected 1449 taxa, with greater prey richness in samples from southern latitudes, and considerable spatiotemporal variation in dietary composition. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Araneae were the most frequently occurring orders predated, each characterised by high taxonomic diversity. The honey bee Apis mellifera was the most abundant species, being found in all sampled nests and showing greater relative read numbers with increasing apiary density and proximity, supporting concerns for the impact of V. velutina on apiculture. Notably, 43 of the 50 most commonly predated invertebrates were also flower visitors, including 4 common bumblebee species, indicating potentially substantial risks to wild pollinators. These data provide wide and deep evidence to support risk evaluation of this species and its potential environmental impact as it spreads across Europe.},
}
@article {pmid40037783,
year = {2025},
author = {Zandi-Sohani, N and Keena, MA and Gallagher, MR and Cullen, A},
title = {Heat treatments to kill eggs of two invasive forest insects: Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) and Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {2},
pages = {614-624},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf042},
pmid = {40037783},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {Animals ; Ovum/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Moths/growth &amp; development ; *Hot Temperature ; *Insect Control/methods ; Introduced Species ; *Hemiptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Seasons ; Lymantria dispar ; },
abstract = {The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) and spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) are notorious invasive forest pests that are spread through human-mediated transport to invade new habitats. In this study, spotted lanternfly and spongy moth eggs were exposed to various temperature-exposure time (35 to 70 °C and 15 to 135 min) treatments in the laboratory. Spotted lanternfly egg masses were collected from various sites in 2022 and 2023, while the spongy moth egg masses were obtained from lab-reared colonies. Heat treatments were applied using an Isotemp microbiological incubator in the spring of 2023 and the spring and fall of 2024. No eggs of either species hatched when exposed to temperatures ≥ 60 °C for durations longer than 15 min. Spotted lanternfly egg hatch declined at temperatures ≥ 45 °C, while reduced hatch of spongy moth eggs was not observed until temperatures reached ≥ 50 °C. The season (spring or fall) in which the eggs were heat treated did not affect the hatch rate of spotted lanternfly eggs; however, spongy moth eggs were more vulnerable in the fall than in the spring. These findings suggest that heat treatment regimes that are already being used to kill insects in wood may effectively kill the eggs of both species on various substrates and that protocols for killing eggs at lower temperatures on more sensitive substrates may be possible by using longer-duration exposures.},
}
@article {pmid40037253,
year = {2025},
author = {Wunderlich, RF and Jamoneau, A and Boutry, S and Hosni, M and Bertrin, V},
title = {Model-based management of macrophytes in shallow lakes under warming.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {378},
number = {},
pages = {124543},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124543},
pmid = {40037253},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Lakes ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Plants ; Introduced Species ; France ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Macrophytes are a critical component of freshwater ecosystems, harboring significant biodiversity and providing essential resources and services. However, their habitat faces multifaceted challenges from climate change, local anthropogenic disturbance, and biological invasions. Here, we aim to provide local management suggestions under both current and future higher temperature regimes. Using joint species distribution modeling (JSDM), we integrate comprehensive presence-absence data with environmental variables and ecological traits to predict the distributions and diversity of 44 vascular aquatic plant and charophyte species in three shallow lakes (435 sites in total) in southwestern France. The environmental variables considered included physical properties (including current surface temperature and a 2 °C warming scenario), anthropogenic disturbance, shoreline curvature, underwater topography, and the occurrence rate (temporary or permanent) of water and wetness. Subsequently, we use percentile-threshold-based spatial prioritization to identify conservation management hotspots. Our results show that macrophyte habitat suitability is largely influenced by land-use and human accessibility. Moreover, macrophyte habitat suitability and native species diversity generally decrease across lakes under warming. However, the decrease in habitat suitability is greater for native isoetid species than for invasive species-suggesting a potential forthcoming cascade of changing community composition, higher lacustrine trophic states, and impaired provisioning of ecosystem services. Therefore, we suggest immediately adopting adaptive management principles at the identified conservation management hotspots, including the control of and targeted monitoring for invasives as well as conservation and restoration measures for native species, in particular isoetids.},
}
@article {pmid40037252,
year = {2025},
author = {Zong, H and Yao, YN and Chen, MK and Li, H and Huang, XJ and Jiao, C},
title = {Influence of habitat types and seasons on the composition and diversity of spontaneous species in the rural-urban fringe of Chengdu City, China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {378},
number = {},
pages = {124727},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124727},
pmid = {40037252},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {China ; *Ecosystem ; *Biodiversity ; Seasons ; Plants ; Cities ; Trees ; },
abstract = {The rural-urban fringe (RUF) is the indistinct boundary zone outside the urban area. It is also a highly vulnerable, sensitive, and ecologically valuable space, owing to the complex demographic composition, unbalanced economic development, and dramatic changes in land use and ecosystems. Different plants spontaneously emerge across RUF areas, playing an important ecological role in regulating climate and providing varied habitats for plants and animals. Few studies on urban sprawl have examined the plant diversity of RUF areas. Thus, more information is needed about the composition, diversity, and variability of spontaneous RUF species. Accordingly, this research implemented a field study across 248 survey plots in the RUF of Chengdu City, China. The composition and diversity of spontaneous species in five RUF habitat types during different seasons were analyzed. The effects of habitat types and seasons on α-diversity and species composition dissimilarities were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance, Principal coordinates analysis, and pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance, respectively. Across the seasons, 313 species of spontaneous vascular plant were recorded in RUF plots. Escaped medical and edible species accounted for 53.04% of species, consistent with the RUF inhabitants' needs. Among exotic plants, 41 of 74 were invasive species posing a high risk of species invasion. Trees were the dominant vegetation type only in autumn; herbs were the dominant vegetation in other seasons. Both season and habitat types significantly affected spontaneous species composition and α-diversity; moreover, habitat type had a greater effect than season. Farmland, with the highest α- and β-diversity levels, had the optimal resilience under environmental change. Its species composition was most similar to that of building land. Furthermore, both farmland and road land exhibited a significantly elevated proportion of exotic species in comparison to other habitats. Exotic species easily spread to cities and villages through the connectivity of road lands and farmland. In contrast, woodland had the lowest adaptive capacity under environmental change, with the lowest α- and β-diversity levels. With the escalation of anthropogenic disturbance, the prominence of the dominant species within the community markedly increased. However, as the foundation of occasional species conservation, it is the most important habitat type to protect. This study contributes to the understanding of changes in ecological processes in the RUF of megacities caused by urbanization and provides an important reference for RUF habitat conservation.},
}
@article {pmid40036822,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, Y and Champer, J},
title = {A Comparative Assessment of Self-limiting Genetic Control Strategies for Population Suppression.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40036822},
issn = {1537-1719},
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; Female ; *Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Gene Drive Technology/methods ; Models, Genetic ; Genetic Fitness ; Computer Simulation ; Insecta/genetics ; },
abstract = {Genetic control strategies are promising solutions for control of pest populations and invasive species. Methods utilizing repeated releases of males such as sterile insect technique (SIT), release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL), self-limiting gene drives, and gene disruptors are highly controllable methods, ensuring biosafety. Although models of these strategies have been built, detailed comparisons are lacking, particularly for some of the newer strategies. Here, we conducted a thorough comparative assessment of self-limiting genetic control strategies by individual-based simulation models. Specifically, we find that repeated releases greatly enhance suppression power of weak and self-limiting gene drives, enabling population elimination with even low efficiency and high fitness costs. Moreover, dominant female sterility further strengthens self-limiting systems that can either use gene drive or disruptors that target genes without a mechanism to bias their own inheritance. Some of these strategies are highly persistent, resulting in relatively low release ratios even when released males suffer high fitness costs. To quantitatively evaluate different strategies independent from ecological impact, we proposed constant-population genetic load, which achieves over 95% accuracy in predicting simulation outcomes for most strategies, though it is not as precise in a few frequency-dependent systems. Our results suggest that many new self-limiting strategies are safe, flexible, and more cost-effective than traditional SIT and RIDL, and thus have great potential for population suppression of insects and other pests.},
}
@article {pmid40036187,
year = {2025},
author = {Rideout, E and Alston, DG and Bentz, BJ},
title = {A degree day model for predicting voltinism of the invasive balsam woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in northern Utah.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {2},
pages = {760-769},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf034},
pmid = {40036187},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {Animals ; Utah ; *Hemiptera/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Temperature ; Models, Biological ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {Balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (BWA), invasive in North America, was first detected on subalpine fir [Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.] in several northern Utah counties in 2017. BWA phenology is known to vary by elevation and climate; a degree-day (DD) model focused on population expansion into the Intermountain West is needed. Bark samples were collected weekly from infested subalpine fir in early summer through late fall at 5 northern Utah sites from August 2020 to December 2022. At a single site, additional samples were collected biweekly to monthly during winter and spring. The presence of live individuals of all life stages in winter through early summer samples confirmed that life stages other than crawlers can successfully overwinter in northern Utah. Two generations were observed at all sites. Degree-day models were developed by fitting proportional adult counts and local air temperatures to Weibull distributions. Model fit was optimized with a 0 °C lower threshold, 30 °C upper threshold, and 1 Jan biofix. Completion of the first generation required 1,104 DD and 2 generations required 2,412 DD. Using the models and historical (1980 to 2020) temperatures, study sites were predicted to have thermal suitability for 2 generations at least 2 to 3 decades prior to detection in northern Utah, depending on site. Although upper estimates of future (2025 to 2099) predictions forecast a doubling of generations by 2060, knowledge of potential dormancies that may be disrupted in a changing climate is needed. The degree-day model will be a useful tool for predicting thermal suitability for future BWA expansion.},
}
@article {pmid40036180,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, C and Wang, C and Yang, X and Wang, D and Wang, F},
title = {Modeling the potential global distribution of the invasive Jack Beardsley mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under climate change.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {2},
pages = {589-599},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf029},
pmid = {40036180},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {BJ2020052//Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/physiology ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; *Animal Distribution ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {The Jack Beardsley mealybug, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel &amp; Miller (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a dangerous invasive pest that feeds on plants more than 115 genera from 54 families, and has spread over 59 countries or regions, often causing direct and indirect damage to host plants, and resulting in significant economic losses. In this study, we assessed the potential global distribution of P. jackbeardsleyi using a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model under current and future climate scenarios. Here, we obtained prediction models with high credibility and accuracy, which showed that isothermality (Bio 3) and annual precipitation (Bio 12) were the environmental variables with the largest contribution on the potential distribution of this pest. The potential distribution areas predicted by this study were mainly located in South America, Central Africa, the southern regions of Asia and the eastern coast of Australia. Under future climate scenarios, the total geographical distribution of this pest will contract to varying degrees by the end of this century, but the highly suitable areas will increase. This study provides a reference for the development of control strategies, but also offers a scientific basis for the effective biological control of this pest.},
}
@article {pmid40030023,
year = {2025},
author = {Wilson, J and Bieker, VC and Boheemen, LV and Connallon, T and Martin, MD and Battlay, P and Hodgins, KA},
title = {Copy number variation contributes to parallel local adaptation in an invasive plant.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {10},
pages = {e2413587122},
pmid = {40030023},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {DP220102362//Australian Research Council/ ; DP180102531//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Genome, Plant ; *Ambrosia/genetics ; },
abstract = {Adaptation is a critical determinant of the diversification, persistence, and geographic range limits of species. Yet the genetic basis of adaptation is often unknown and potentially underpinned by a wide range of mutational types-from single nucleotide changes to large-scale alterations of chromosome structure. Copy number variation (CNV) is thought to be an important source of adaptive genetic variation, as indicated by decades of candidate gene studies that point to CNVs underlying rapid adaptation to strong selective pressures. Nevertheless, population-genomic studies of CNVs face unique logistical challenges not encountered by other forms of genetic variation. Consequently, few studies have systematically investigated the contributions of CNVs to adaptation at a genome-wide scale. We present a genome-wide analysis of CNV contributing to the adaptation of an invasive weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia. CNVs show clear signatures of parallel local adaptation between North American (native) and European (invaded) ranges, implying widespread reuse of CNVs during adaptation to shared heterogeneous patterns of selection. We used a local principal component analysis (PCA) to genotype CNV regions in whole-genome sequences of samples collected over the last two centuries. We identified 16 large CNV regions of up to 11.85 megabases in length, eight of which show signals of rapid evolutionary change, with pronounced frequency shifts between historic and modern populations. Our results provide compelling genome-wide evidence that CNV underlies rapid adaptation over contemporary timescales of natural populations.},
}
@article {pmid40028759,
year = {2025},
author = {Mantoani, MC and Sweeney, C and Osborne, BA},
title = {Complex and Dynamic Effects of an Extreme Low Temperature Weather Event on Invasive Plant Populations and Resident Communities.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e70113},
pmid = {40028759},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {205031/2014-5//Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; *Extreme Weather ; *Cold Temperature ; },
abstract = {Whilst it is often assumed that invasive plant species may benefit more from climate change than native species, there is little empirical data on how they, and the communities they invade, respond to extreme weather events (EWEs). Here, we show that the effects of a low temperature EWE can result in a dramatic reduction in both vegetative and reproductive growth of invasive populations of Gunnera tinctoria, although a significant recovery was found within 1 year after its occurrence. Whilst the EWE decreased both the leaf/petiole numbers of mature plants, the major impact was on leaf expansion and a decrease in the size/number of inflorescences. Concomitant with the reduction in growth of G. tinctoria, there was a 5-fold increase in the number of resident species emerging in invaded areas, which largely persisted after the recovery of the invasive populations. Although the growth of G. tinctoria seedlings was also reduced, this was relatively small, and growth and development resumed almost immediately after the EWE. In comparison, the resident plant community was largely unaffected by the EWE either due to the later initiation of growth and/or because of their greater resilience to episodic low temperature events. Our results show that an EWE of this magnitude can have complex time-dependent effects on plant invasions and invaded communities, with a greater impact on the established invasive plants compared to newly recruited seedlings. Based on an assessment of historical climatic data, these long-lived populations have been exposed to EWEs of a similar or greater magnitude in the past, which have not constrained their spread or compromised recruitment. Given the likelihood of an almost complete absence of low temperature EWEs of similar magnitude in the future, any temporary restrictions on the growth of invasive G. tinctoria and other similar invasive species populations are likely to be small.},
}
@article {pmid40028751,
year = {2025},
author = {Petri, L and Ibáñez, I},
title = {Successful recovery of native plants post-invasive removal in forest understories is driven by native community features.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {e70012},
pmid = {40028751},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {DEB-1252664//NSF/ ; //Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Forests ; *Plants/classification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Temperate forest understories hold the majority of the plant diversity present in these ecosystems and play an essential role in the recruitment and establishment of native trees. However, the long-term persistence of diverse and functional forest understories is threatened by the impacts of invasive plants. As a result, a common practice is the removal of the agent of invasion. Despite this, we know little about the success of these practices and lack a comprehensive understanding of what intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the recovery. In a multiyear field experiment, we investigated (Q1) whether native propagule availability drove native community recovery, (Q2) what the characteristics of successfully recovering communities were, and (Q3) under which environmental conditions native community recovery rates were faster. After initial removal of invasives, we seeded native species to manipulate assembly history and mimic restoration practices, we also implemented a repeated, versus once, removal treatment, all in a full-factorial design. We collected data on plant species composition and abundance (i.e., species level percent cover) and on environmental conditions (i.e., light and soil water availability) in the three subsequent summers. Our results show that native community recovery rates were independent of seeding additions or frequency of invasive plant removal. The fastest rates of recovery were associated with high native species richness, native communities with higher values of specific leaf area (SLA), and low drought stress years. Our results suggest that restoration practices post-invasive plant removal should be tailored to enhance natural dispersal, or artificial addition if the resident community is species-poor, of native species with traits compatible with high resource availability, such as species with high SLA. In addition to the importance of the native community characteristics, our results underscore the need for assessing environmental conditions, favoring management practices during years of low drought stress to maximize native community recovery.},
}
@article {pmid40028675,
year = {2025},
author = {Clarke, GS and Shine, R and Brown, GP and Phillips, BL},
title = {Rapid geographic divergence in competitive ability of cane toad larvae (Rhinella marina) during a biological invasion.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {3},
pages = {e70022},
pmid = {40028675},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {FT120100095//Australian Research Council/ ; FT160100198//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Bufo marinus/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Australia ; Demography ; Animal Distribution ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; *Competitive Behavior/physiology ; },
abstract = {Low population densities at the expanding edge of a biological invasion are predicted to reduce intraspecific competition such that invading organisms evolve to prioritize adaptations for rapid rates of population growth and dispersal over those that facilitate success in competitive interactions. The larvae (tadpoles) of anuran species that breed in isolated waterbodies provide excellent models with which to test this prediction, because they compete for limited food resources and are unable to disperse until after metamorphosis. Consistent with our predictions, experiments with captive-raised larvae of cane toads (Rhinella marina) show that tadpoles from range core populations were more effective competitors (based on rates of growth and development), especially against tadpoles from invasion front populations, and especially when food was limited (intensifying competition for resources). By contrast, response to predators-a selection pressure presumed constant regardless of invasion history-was largely unchanged between core and edge populations. Limiting food availability reduced survival rate and size at metamorphosis by similar amounts in both core and edge populations. The spread of cane toads across tropical Australia thus has been accompanied by a reduction in the competitive ability of tadpoles, as predicted under the hypothesis that competitive ability will decrease at an expanding range edge. Other traits, associated with response to predation and food limitation, appeared unchanged.},
}
@article {pmid40028447,
year = {2024},
author = {Deschepper, P and Vanbergen, S and Esselens, L and Terblanche, JS and Karsten, M and Snyman, M and Cugala, D and Canhanga, L and Bota, L and Mwatawala, M and Ramadhani, M and Kudra, A and Tairo, J and Bakengesa, J and Addison, P and Manrakhan, A and Gledel, C and Delatte, H and De Meyer, M and Virgilio, M},
title = {A new genome sequence resource for five invasive fruit flies of agricultural concern: Ceratitis capitata, C. quilicii, C. rosa, Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Bactrocera zonata (Diptera, Tephritidae).},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1492},
pmid = {40028447},
issn = {2046-1402},
mesh = {Animals ; *Tephritidae/genetics ; *Genome, Insect ; *Introduced Species ; Ceratitis capitata/genetics ; Agriculture ; },
abstract = {Here, we present novel high quality genome assemblies for five invasive tephritid species of agricultural concern: Ceratitis capitata, C. quilicii, C. rosa, Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Bactrocera zonata (read depths between 65 and 78x). Three assemblies (C. capitata, C. quilicii and Z. cucurbitae) were scaffolded with chromosome conformation data and annotated using RNAseq reads. For some species this is the first reference genome available (B. zonata, C. quilicii and C. rosa), for others we have published improved annotated genomes (C. capitata and Z. cucurbitae). Together, the new references provide an important resource to advance research on genetic techniques for population control, develop rapid species identification methods, and explore eco-evolutionary studies.},
}
@article {pmid40027489,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, D and Chen, T and Xun, J and Ma, C and Luo, H and Yang, H and Cao, C and Cao, X and Cui, J and Deng, YP and Deng, Z and Dong, W and Dong, W and Du, J and Fang, Q and Fang, W and Fang, Y and Fu, F and Fu, M and Fu, YT and Gao, H and Ge, J and Gong, Q and Gu, L and Guo, P and Guo, Y and Hai, T and Liu, H and He, J and He, ZY and Hou, H and Huang, C and Ji, S and Jiang, C and Jiang, GL and Jiang, L and Jin, LN and Kan, Y and Kang, D and Kou, J and Lam, KL and Li, C and Li, C and Li, F and Li, L and Li, M and Li, X and Li, Y and Li, ZT and Liang, J and Lin, Y and Liu, C and Liu, D and Liu, F and Liu, J and Liu, T and Liu, T and Liu, X and Liu, Y and Liu, B and Liu, M and Lou, W and Luan, Y and Luo, Y and Lv, H and Ma, T and Mai, Z and Mo, J and Niu, D and Pan, Z and Qi, H and Shi, Z and Song, C and Sun, F and Sun, Y and Tian, S and Wan, X and Wang, G and Wang, H and Wang, H and Wang, H and Wang, J and Wang, J and Wang, K and Wang, L and Wang, SK and Wang, X and Wang, Y and Xiao, Z and Xing, H and Xu, Y and Yan, SY and Yang, L and Yang, S and Yang, Y and Yao, X and Yousuf, S and Yu, H and Lei, Y and Yuan, Z and Zeng, M and Zhang, C and Zhang, C and Zhang, H and Zhang, J and Zhang, N and Zhang, T and Zhang, YB and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Z and Zhou, M and Zhou, Y and Zhu, C and Zhu, L and Zhu, Y and Zhu, Z and Zou, H and Zuo, A and Dong, W and Wen, T and Chen, S and Li, G and Gao, Y and Liu, YX},
title = {EasyMetagenome: A user-friendly and flexible pipeline for shotgun metagenomic analysis in microbiome research.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {e70001},
pmid = {40027489},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {Shotgun metagenomics has become a pivotal technology in microbiome research, enabling in-depth analysis of microbial communities at both the high-resolution taxonomic and functional levels. This approach provides valuable insights of microbial diversity, interactions, and their roles in health and disease. However, the complexity of data processing and the need for reproducibility pose significant challenges to researchers. To address these challenges, we developed EasyMetagenome, a user-friendly pipeline that supports multiple analysis methods, including quality control and host removal, read-based, assembly-based, and binning, along with advanced genome analysis. The pipeline also features customizable settings, comprehensive data visualizations, and detailed parameter explanations, ensuring its adaptability across a wide range of data scenarios. Looking forward, we aim to refine the pipeline by addressing host contamination issues, optimizing workflows for third-generation sequencing data, and integrating emerging technologies like deep learning and network analysis, to further enhance microbiome insights and data accuracy. EasyMetageonome is freely available at https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyMetagenome.},
}
@article {pmid40026362,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, SR and Wang, H and Zhao, CJ and Xiong, Y and Ren, JH},
title = {Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda.},
journal = {Open life sciences},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {20220873},
pmid = {40026362},
issn = {2391-5412},
abstract = {The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a dangerous migratory pest. Evaluating the effect of sex ratio on the FAW offspring population is particularly important for field control. In this study, five different sex ratio treatments (female/male = 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were conducted to investigate the effects of sex ratio on the life history traits of FAW. The results showed that sex ratio significantly affected lifetime fecundity, developmental duration of the preadult stage, hatch rate, and emergence rate but had no effect on longevity of parental and offspring adults, larval duration, pupation rate, or number of eggs/moth of offspring. The lifetime fecundity and hatch rate of parental adults and the number of adult offspring/moth were the lowest when the sex ratio was 3:1, while the lifetime fecundity and number of adult offspring/moth were the highest and pupation duration was the shortest when the sex ratio was 1:1. The number of eggs/moth of parental adults and total adults in the F1 generation were higher in male-biased groups than in female-biased groups, and male annihilation appears to be a more effective control strategy. These findings have implications for improving laboratory rearing, population forecasting, and control of FAW in the field.},
}
@article {pmid40025797,
year = {2025},
author = {He, Y and Li, J and Siemann, E and Li, B and Xu, Y and Wang, Y},
title = {Plant Invasion Increases Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon: Meta-Analysis and Empirical Tests.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e70109},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70109},
pmid = {40025797},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {32471750//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Yunnan University Donglu Young Talent Program/ ; ZC-24249943//Postgraduate Research and Innovation Program/ ; 2022YFC2601100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023YFC2604500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; //Double Top University Fund of Yunnan University/ ; //Young Talent Promotion Project by the Ecological Society of China/ ; //Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; *Biomass ; *Introduced Species ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Plants ; Ecosystem ; Climate Change ; Carbon Cycle ; },
abstract = {Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital component of the global carbon cycle. SOC influences soil fertility and structure and is controlled by various factors, including land use, land management practices, and climate change. Biological invasion is a significant yet controversial factor that can alter SOC levels. We conducted a meta-analysis of 445 observations from 61 published reports and followed up with field surveys to clarify the impact of plant invasion on SOC. Our results indicated that plant invasion leads to a 29% increase in microbial biomass carbon (MBC), which is one of the key fractions of SOC. Specifically, among different ecosystems, plant invasion caused MBC increases of 59% in estuaries, 59% in alluvial land, 53% in wetlands, and 80% in orchards. Furthermore, invasion by plants from the Asteraceae family resulted in a 33% increase in MBC, whereas invasion by plants from the Lythraceae family caused a 72% increase in MBC. Our field survey also revealed that plant invasion elevated the soil MBC content relative to the occurrence of native plants or bare ground. Overall, these findings suggest that plant invasion impacts soil carbon, especially by increasing MBC, which may in turn affect future invasions. These effects are influenced by the type of invasive species, ecosystem type, and soil layer depth, highlighting the complex role of biological invasion in the global carbon cycle.},
}
@article {pmid40025140,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, R and Nuske, SJ and Nuñez, MA and Fajardo, A and Moyano, J and McIntosh, ACS and Nilsson, MC and Gundale, MJ},
title = {Distinct foliar fungal communities in Pinus contorta across native and introduced ranges: evidence for context dependency of pathogen release.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7273},
pmid = {40025140},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Pinus/microbiology ; *Plant Leaves/microbiology ; *Fungi/classification/genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Phylogeny ; *Mycobiome ; Sweden ; },
abstract = {Inter-continental study systems are crucial for testing ecological hypotheses, such as the widely cited Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH), which seeks to explain the superior performance of plant species when they are introduced to new regions. Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), native to North America, has been extensively introduced to Europe and the Southern Hemisphere, making it an ideal tree species for studying invasion hypotheses from a biogeographical perspective. We compared foliar fungal communities, especially pathogens, of P. contorta across two native-introduced region pairs (NIRPs): a northern NIRP (from Canada to Sweden) and a southern NIRP (from the USA to Patagonia), while also examining the differences between source plantations and invasion fronts within Patagonia. P. contorta underwent significant fungal community shifts and experienced pathogen release during its large-scale introduction from North America to Sweden and Patagonia. The fungal richness and relative abundance changes were more pronounced for the southern NIRP pair, where no closely related tree species to P. contorta are present in Patagonia. In Sweden, the presence of the phylogenetically related P. sylvestris and its associated local fungal community appears to play a role in influencing the foliar fungal communities associated with introduced P. contorta. In Patagonia, the incomplete co-invasion of fungal taxa from the USA emerges as a principal driver of the observed variability in fungal community composition and pathogen release following the introduction of P. contorta. In Patagonia, fungal community composition differences between source plantations and invasion fronts provided insufficient evidence that pathogen release occurs at this local scale. Integrating both biogeographical and phylogenetic perspectives, our study suggests that priority effects of local fungi appear to be a dominant community assembly process when introduction is done in a phylogenetically similar community; whereas, co-invasion of fungal communities is the dominant process in phylogenetically distant communities.},
}
@article {pmid40020395,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, L and Pan, R and Wang, S and Zhu, Z and Li, H and Yang, R and Sun, X and Ge, B},
title = {Macrofaunal biodiversity and trophic structure varied in response to changing environmental properties along the Spartina alterniflora invasion stages.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {117756},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117756},
pmid = {40020395},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; *Poaceae ; Animals ; Wetlands ; *Food Chain ; Nitrogen ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Carbon ; },
abstract = {Spartina alterniflora has significantly altered coastal ecosystems. Understanding macrofaunal responses to its invasion is crucial for managing coastal wetlands. Five invasion stages over 16 years were analyzed: no invasion, initial, young, mature, and senescing. Macrofaunal biodiversity initially increased but later declined. Environmental properties varied by stages, creating distinct habitats. The impact on macrofauna depended on species traits and invasion stage. Key species accounting for 49.54 % of dissimilarity were Stenothyra glabra, Bullacta caurina, Pseudomphala latericea, and Potamocorbula laevis. Trophic structure initially remained stable but shifted later. Organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio correlated with S. alterniflora development. Height of S. alterniflora was a key environmental indicator, while OC content and C/N ratio were crucial for shaping the macrofaunal community, indicating food source changes. This study provides valuable insights for managing coastal environments.},
}
@article {pmid40018302,
year = {2025},
author = {Koralewski, TE and Brewer, MJ and Deleon, LL and Elliott, NC and Giles, K and Szczepaniec, A and Faris, AM},
title = {Activity of sorghum aphid and its natural enemies in the context of agroecological and weather conditions.},
journal = {Frontiers in insect science},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1503044},
pmid = {40018302},
issn = {2673-8600},
abstract = {Agroecological-oriented areawide pest management leverages the innate ability of agroecosystem to suppress pests, and thus to utilize ecosystem services, a key component of sustainable agriculture. A growing body of knowledge on interactions between pests and their natural enemies allows us to recognize the complexity of these interactions that often depend on environmental circumstances. Sorghum aphid, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a recent but established pest of sorghum in the Great Plains of North America. Both predators and parasitoids prey on sorghum aphid but their activity and impact change throughout the area and throughout the year. Both landscape and weather factors have been shown to affect the abundance and numerical responses of these insects, consistent with observations in other aphid species. In this study we used data on counts of sorghum aphids, lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and parasitoid wasps Aphelinus nigritus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas states of the United States. We analyzed insect dynamics in the context of landscape and weather factors. We built multiple regression models using data from the years 2017-2019 for metrics such as maximum number of insects per leaf, response time of natural enemies to pest presence, and speed of increase in insect abundance. Our results indicate that various aspects of landscape composition, landscape configuration, and weather affect various insect groups and various aspects of insect dynamics in the field. Moreover, characteristics of specific landscape categories seemed to be more informative than overall measure of landscape diversity. Our study provides insights on interactions along both spatial and temporal scales, with the latter considered understudied.},
}
@article {pmid40016497,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Huang, X and Chen, Z and Chen, N and Yang, M and Liang, C and Yu, Y and Shi, D},
title = {Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Zanthoxylum planispinum Var. Dintanensis leaves and effect of altitude on total flavonoids content.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7080},
pmid = {40016497},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {QJJ-[2023]-024//the program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; GCC&#x3014;2022&#x3015;009//the Sixth Batch of Guizhou Province High-level Innovative Talent Training Program/ ; GCC[2023]071//the program of Excellent Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Flavonoids/isolation &amp; purification/chemistry/analysis ; *Zanthoxylum/chemistry ; *Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Plant Extracts/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; *Altitude ; Antioxidants/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; Solvents/chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; },
abstract = {To investigate the impact of varying altitudes on the functional components of the leaves of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. Dintanensis, this research collected leaf samples from three different elevations: 610 m, 833 m, and 1083 m. Utilizing water and ethanol as extraction solvents, the study optimized extraction parameters via an ultrasonic-assisted technique to maximize the yield of total flavonoids. Following extraction, five types of macroporous adsorption resins were employed for purification. Significant flavonoid constituents within the purified extracts were qualitatively analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also assessed pre- and post-purification. Findings indicated that water was a more effective solvent than ethanol for flavonoid extraction, yielding optimal results at 70 °C, with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:70, 30 min, and 480 W. Conversely, ethanol extraction yielded optimal results at a concentration of 65%, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:30, 60 °C, 30 min, and 360 W. Among the tested resins, AB-8 demonstrated the highest efficacy for purifying flavonoid extracts, with adsorption data conforming best to the Freundlich isotherm model. Optimal conditions for AB-8 purification included a crude extract concentration of 2.50 mg/mL, pH 5, and temperature 25 °C, eluted with 10 mL of 60% (v/v) ethanol. A notable increase in total flavonoid content was observed, rising from an average of 3.43-16.00%, with a recovery yield of 82.12%. Leaves collected at 830 m contained the highest total flavonoid content, with rutin predominating over naringenin chalcone and naringenin. At 1083 m, naringenin chalcone was most abundant, while the highest concentration of naringenin was recorded at 610 m. This study provides optimized protocols for the extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Z. planispinum var. Dintanensis leaves, contributing to the development of potential applications for these bioactive compounds in various fields.},
}
@article {pmid40016222,
year = {2025},
author = {Veríssimo, J and Curto, M and Alves, MJ and de Almeida, PR and Aparicio, E and Clavero, M and Chaves, C and Fernandez-Delgado, C and Hernández, J and Jentoft, S and Kalous, L and Magalhães, MF and Martins, FM and Mateus, CS and Nogueira, JG and Oliveira, I and Perdices, A and Rocaspana, R and Ribeiro, F and Risueño, P and Pou I Rovira, Q and Queirós, J and Santos, CD and Teixeira, A and Veríssimo, A and Volta, P and Beja, P and Gante, HF and Lopes-Lima, M},
title = {The mitochondrial genomes of Iberian freshwater and diadromous fishes.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {349},
pmid = {40016222},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {SFRH/BD/133159/2017//Ministry of Education and Science | Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation)/ ; COVID/BD/152600/2022//Ministry of Education and Science | Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation)/ ; 2020.04637.BD//Ministry of Education and Science | Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation)/ ; CEEC/0482/2020//Ministry of Education and Science | Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation)/ ; 2020.03608.CEECIND//Ministry of Education and Science | Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para a Ci&#xea;ncia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; *Fishes/genetics/classification ; Fresh Water ; Phylogeny ; Spain ; },
abstract = {The Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe, is home to a distinctive freshwater fish fauna, predominantly composed of endemic species. This is a consequence of the prolonged isolation from western Europe caused by the Pyrenees, the diverse geological and climatic gradients, and the isolation of river basins. Freshwater and diadromous fishes have diversified in the Iberian Peninsula and include 72 currently recognized native species, 50 of which are endemic to the region. Habitat loss and degradation, the introduction of invasive species, and climate change have placed Iberian freshwater and diadromous fishes among the most threatened groups of vertebrates, with some species on the brink of extinction. Here, we present 60 new complete mitochondrial genome assemblies out of the 109 freshwater and diadromous fish species found in the Iberian Peninsula, including the mitogenomes of 37 endemics. These resources are crucial for characterising the mitochondrial evolution of species, reconstructing phylogeny and paleogeography, advancing species identification, delineation, and monitoring, and ultimately supporting conservation planning.},
}
@article {pmid40016000,
year = {2025},
author = {Rivers, ML and McKenzie, CH and McGaw, IJ},
title = {Effects of low temperature exposure and acclimation on the behavioural responses of the green crab (Carcinus maenas) from Newfoundland, Canada.},
journal = {Journal of thermal biology},
volume = {128},
number = {},
pages = {104071},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104071},
pmid = {40016000},
issn = {0306-4565},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology ; *Acclimatization ; *Cold Temperature ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; *Behavior, Animal ; Locomotion ; Male ; },
abstract = {European green crab (Carcinus maenas) are a highly successful invasive species of intertidal crustacean. The northern most limit of their invasive range on the east coast of North America is the island of Newfoundland (NL), Canada, where they can experience water temperatures as low as -1 °C during the winter. Green crabs' ability to tolerate a large temperate range is one of the most important characteristics responsible for their invasive success. We investigated the behavioural responses of the green crab to a temperature reduction regime, and long-term acclimation to winter (2 °C) and summer (12 °C) water temperatures in NL. Locomotor activity declined as temperature decreased with a concomitant increase in time spent buried, showing a marked change in these parameters at approximately 4 °C. There was also a marked reduction in activity after long-term exposure to cold temperatures (2 °C) compared to controls (12 °C). However, locomotor activity did not cease completely, even after long-term exposure to 2 °C, indicating that crabs remained responsive to their environment. Crabs took longer to respond to food items and consumed less food after long-term acclimation to 2 °C, compared to 12 °C; however feeding did not cease completely. Collectively, these responses suggest that the green crab enters a dormant state below 5 °C, rather than true torpor, in which they continue to move and feed, albeit more slowly and at lower rates. The green crab population in NL is a genetically hybridized population with both southern and cold-resistant northern haplotypes, however, they react in a similar way to most other populations across their native and invasive range and so the observed behavior may be an inherent reaction to cold.},
}
@article {pmid40013303,
year = {2025},
author = {Ngcobo, NB and Burnett, MJ and Downs, CT},
title = {Influence of habitat structures on fish abundances and diversity: comparing mainstream and tributary communities in the urban uMsunduze Catchment, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.},
journal = {Urban ecosystems},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {86},
pmid = {40013303},
issn = {1083-8155},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {Various factors drive the decline of freshwater vertebrate biodiversity. These include changing landscape and urbanisation, introduced invasive species, altered habitat, water quality deterioration, instream barriers, and climate change. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of different habitat features on the fish assemblages in an urban river using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as a proxy for fish assemblage per site and season. We sampled 17 main sites and 21 ad-hoc sites in the uMsunduze Catchment in Pietermaritzburg, uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, during 2022-2023. We collected data using an electro-shocker, fyke nets, and gill nets, and we also recorded and calculated habitat features such as substrate types, hydraulic biotopes, in-situ water quality, ecohydraulics, average depth, and velocity. We used Generalised Linear Models to determine the habitat features driving fish communities. We calculated the Shannon-Weiner and Pielou diversity indices to compare between rivers. We used the Fish Response Assessment Index (FRAI) tool to understand each site's ecological integrity per season. Our results indicated that various features, including substrate (mud, sand, gravel), fast intermediate and fast deep ecohydraulics, electrical conductivity, habitat (glide, pool), and average velocity significantly impacted the CPUE of fish. There was no variation in diversity indices between tributaries, but there was a significant difference in fish diversity between the uMsunduze mainstream and its tributaries. The FRAI scores showed great deterioration in the system's ecological health, and most sites, especially the mainstream sites, were critically or extremely modified. We suggest that the relevant authorities take action to mitigate the pressures compromising the uMsunduze Catchment's ecological integrity. There is an urgent need for conservation measures for the two "near threatened" species, Enteromius gurneyi and Amphilius natalensis, the former now extirpated as per our study.},
}
@article {pmid40012773,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, P and Wu, Y and Zhu, P and Wang, J and Yu, X and Guo, W},
title = {Spartina alterniflora invasion significantly alters the assembly and structure of soil bacterial communities in the Yellow River Delta.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1525632},
pmid = {40012773},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Soil microbial communities are integral to almost all terrestrial biogeochemical cycles, which are essential to coastal wetland functioning. However, how soil bacterial community assembly, composition, and structure respond to native and non-native plant invasions in coastal wetlands remains unclear. In this study of the coastal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta in China, the assembly, community composition, and diversity of soil bacterial communities associated with four wetland plant species (Phragmites australis, Spartina alterniflora, Suaeda salsa, and Tamarix chinensis) and four soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-40 cm) were characterized using high-throughput sequencing. Plant species identity, as well as environmental factors, rather than soil depth, was found to play predominant roles in shaping the diversity and structure of wetland soil bacterial communities. S. alterniflora invasion altered bacterial community structure and increased bacterial diversity. Phragmites australis-associated bacterial communities were enriched with sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfurivibrio and Desulfuromonas. In comparison, S. alterniflora-associated bacterial communities were enriched with both sulfate-reducing bacteria (SEEP-SRB1) and sulfate-oxidizing bacteria (Sulfurimonas), which maintained a dynamic balance in the local sulfur-cycle, and thereby enhanced S. alterniflora growth. In addition, stochastic processes dominated the assembly of soil bacterial communities associated with all four plant species, but were most important for the S. alterniflora community. The S. alterniflora-associated bacterial community also showed stronger interactions and more extensive connections among bacterial taxa; a co-occurrence network for this community had the greatest average clustering coefficient, average degree, modularity, and number of links and nodes, but the lowest average path length. Altogether, individual plant species had distinct effects on soil bacterial community assembly and structure, with the invasive species having the strongest impact. These results provide insights into microbial ecology and inform management strategies for coastal wetland restoration.},
}
@article {pmid40012225,
year = {2025},
author = {Svitin, R and Marushchak, O and Dmytriieva, I and Dupak, V and Greben, O and Nechai, A and Syrota, Y},
title = {Helminths of the rock lizards Darevskia dahli and D. armeniaca in their invaded range in Ukraine.},
journal = {Journal of helminthology},
volume = {99},
number = {},
pages = {e38},
doi = {10.1017/S0022149X25000203},
pmid = {40012225},
issn = {1475-2697},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/parasitology ; Ukraine/epidemiology ; *Helminths/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology/epidemiology ; Introduced Species ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {This study investigated the helminths of the mixed invasive population of Darevskia armeniaca and D. dahli, collected during two field trips in Denyshy, Zhytomyr region, Ukraine, in 2023. In total, 67 adult lizards (35 D. armeniaca and 32 D. dahli) were examined. Molecular and morphological approaches were used to identify the parasites. The analyses revealed six helminth species, including four nematodes (Toxocara cati, Strongyloides darevskyi, Oswaldocruzia sp., and Spirurida gen. sp.), one trematode (Pleurogenes claviger), and one cestode (Mesocestoides litteratus). Toxocara cati had the highest prevalence, found in cysts located primarily on the liver and in the body cavity of the hosts. The qualitative and quantitative comparative assessment of the helminth community suggests that, due to the introduction of these lizards, most helminth species from their native range have been lost. Additionally, most local helminth species have not yet adapted to parasitising these lizards as normal hosts of their life cycle.},
}
@article {pmid40011772,
year = {2025},
author = {Wiegand, T and Wang, X and Fischer, SM and Kraft, NJB and Bourg, NA and Brockelman, WY and Cao, G and Cao, M and Chanthorn, W and Chu, C and Davies, S and Ediriweera, S and Gunatilleke, CVS and Gunatilleke, IAUN and Hao, Z and Howe, R and Jiang, M and Jin, G and Kress, WJ and Li, B and Lian, J and Lin, L and Liu, F and Ma, K and McShea, W and Mi, X and Myers, JA and Nathalang, A and Orwig, DA and Shen, G and Su, SH and Sun, IF and Wang, X and Wolf, A and Yan, E and Ye, W and Zhu, Y and Huth, A},
title = {Latitudinal scaling of aggregation with abundance and coexistence in forests.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {640},
number = {8060},
pages = {967-973},
pmid = {40011772},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {*Forests ; *Trees/classification/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Tropical Climate ; *Biodiversity ; Models, Biological ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Seed Dispersal ; Population Density ; },
abstract = {The search for simple principles that underlie the spatial structure and dynamics of plant communities is a long-standing challenge in ecology[1-6]. In particular, the relationship between species coexistence and the spatial distribution of plants is challenging to resolve in species-rich communities[7-9]. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of 720 tree species in 21 large forest plots and their consequences for species coexistence. We show that species with low abundance tend to be more spatially aggregated than more abundant species. Moreover, there is a latitudinal gradient in the strength of this negative aggregation-abundance relationship that increases from tropical to temperate forests. We suggest, in line with recent work[10], that latitudinal gradients in animal seed dispersal[11] and mycorrhizal associations[12-14] may jointly generate this pattern. By integrating the observed spatial patterns into population models[8], we derive the conditions under which species can invade from low abundance in terms of spatial patterns, demography, niche overlap and immigration. Evaluation of the spatial-invasion condition for the 720 tree species analysed suggests that temperate and tropical forests both meet the invasion criterion to a similar extent but through contrasting strategies conditioned by their spatial patterns. Our approach opens up new avenues for the integration of observed spatial patterns into ecological theory and underscores the need to understand the interaction among spatial patterns at the neighbourhood scale and multiple ecological processes in greater detail.},
}
@article {pmid40009010,
year = {2025},
author = {Freire, CA},
title = {What makes a competent aquatic invader? Considering saline niches of invertebrates and ray-finned fishes.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {228},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.249515},
pmid = {40009010},
issn = {1477-9145},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; *Osmoregulation ; *Salinity ; *Skates, Fish/physiology ; },
abstract = {Aquatic invasive species are of growing concern globally, especially in fresh water. The problem is intensified by climate change, which often causes salinization of coastal fresh waters. Animals deal with salinity through the function of osmoregulation, and osmoregulatory ability can be informative when considering invasive potential. A species is said to be 'euryhaline' if it can tolerate a wide range of salinities, either through osmoregulation (tightly controlling its extracellular fluid osmolality) or osmoconformation (matching the osmotic concentration of its internal fluids with that of the environment). Euryhaline animals display a large fundamental saline niche (FSN); i.e. a wide physiological tolerance of salinity change. However, the range of salinities of the habitats where a species actually occurs define its realized saline niche (RSN). Importantly, aquatic species living in stable habitats (i.e. those with little variation in salinity) will have a small RSN, but may have large FSNs, depending on their evolutionary history. Species with large FSNs are more likely to be successful invaders of new habitats with different salinities. Here, I propose the term 'osmotic comfort' as a concept that is associated with the FSN. The core of the FSN corresponds to ∼100% osmotic comfort, or 'optimum salinity', putatively meaning minimum stress. Physiological markers of osmotic comfort can provide raw data for mechanistic niche modelling in aquatic habitats. A species with a larger FSN is more likely to remain 'osmotically comfortable' in a different saline habitat, and is less likely to suffer local extinction in fresh waters, for example, that undergo salinization.},
}
@article {pmid40006837,
year = {2025},
author = {Malfa, GA and Bianchi, S and Spadaro, V and Di Giacomo, C and Raimondo, FM and Acquaviva, R},
title = {Oxalis pes-caprae L. (Oxalidaceae): From Invasive Concern to Promising Bioresource for Health and Sustainable Applications.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40006837},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Oxalis pes-caprae L., an invasive plant from South Africa, has developed into a severe ecological threat in many Mediterranean and temperate areas by replacing native flora and modifying ecosystems. Although this species has detrimental effects on the ecosystem, it has unrealized potential as a significant bioresource. Current research on the secondary metabolites found in O. pes-caprae, such as phenolic acids, oxalates, and flavonoids, is summarized in this review, along with an analysis of their biological and pharmacological properties, which include antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. O. pes-caprae could be converted from a troublesome intruder into a financially and ecologically advantageous bioresource of natural products for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural applications by rethinking the invasive species as a resource for phytochemical extraction. This would offer a novel approach to managing invasive species while promoting the advancement of green technologies and sustainable practices.},
}
@article {pmid40006807,
year = {2025},
author = {Aleo, M and Bazan, G},
title = {Plant Diversity and Sustainable Landscape Management: The Case of Misiliscemi, a New Municipality in Sicily.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40006807},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Floristic and biodiversity knowledge play a crucial role in ecosystem conservation and sustainable land management, particularly in urban-rural contexts that can serve as biodiversity reservoirs, hosting species of high biogeographic value. Focusing on the new municipality of Misiliscemi, established in 2021 in Sicily and now facing the challenge of developing new management strategies, this study provides fundamental knowledge on the plant biodiversity of the area and explores how the integration of floristic and environmental data can guide territorial planning strategies aimed at preserving natural capital and ecosystem services. The research, based on field surveys conducted over many years, taxonomic identification of species, analysis of biological forms and chorological data, evaluation of ecological indicators, and GIS-based habitat mapping according to the EUNIS classification, has made it possible to obtain a comprehensive dataset. The results of this work led to the identification of 623 taxa, recording new findings for the Sicilian flora, including both native and alien species, which represent primary biodiversity data crucial for plant resource management. In addition, 42 habitat types were mapped, highlighting that approximately 80% of the territory is occupied by vegetated man-made habitats. Despite anthropogenic pressures and landscape modifications, Misiliscemi retains significant plant biodiversity, including habitats and species of conservation interest, that represent a vital resource for natural capital and ecosystem services. This knowledge base, in addition to constituting the scientific foundation upon which this young municipality can develop an urban planning strategy aimed at achieving sustainable local development, also represents a methodological approach that highlights how basic knowledge of urban biodiversity should be considered a crucial aspect of sustainable urban planning worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid40005534,
year = {2025},
author = {Kratou, M and Cabezas-Cruz, A},
title = {Unseen Dangers-The Role of Invasive Species in the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases in Europe.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40005534},
issn = {2076-0817},
mesh = {*Zoonoses/transmission/epidemiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Europe/epidemiology ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {In a recent study, Klink et al [...].},
}
@article {pmid40005162,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramírez, J and Armijos, C and Espinosa-Ortega, N and Castillo, LN and Vidari, G},
title = {Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activity of Extracts and Non-Volatile Compounds from Lantana camara L. and Semisynthetic Derivatives-An Updated Review.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40005162},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {PROY_PROY_ARTIC_QU_2022_3652.//Universidad T&#xe9;cnica Particular de Loja (UTPL)/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Lantana/chemistry ; *Phytochemicals/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Ethnobotany ; Humans ; Animals ; Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Lantana camara L., commonly known as pigeon berry, is a herbaceous plant of growing scientific interest due to the high medicinal value. In fact, despite being categorized as an invasive species, it has been used for a long time to treat different diseases thanks to the many biological activities. Triterpenes, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and iridoid glycosides are the bioactive compounds naturally occurring in L. camara that have demonstrated anticancer, antifilarial, nematocidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, antileishmanial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this review is to update the information concerning the chemistry and biological activity of L. camara extracts and their constituents, including semisynthetic derivatives, revising the literature until June 2024. We believe that the data reported in this review clearly demonstrate the importance of the plant as a promising source of medicines and will therefore stimulate further investigations.},
}
@article {pmid40003860,
year = {2025},
author = {Baek, IS and Oh, HS and Kim, YR and Kang, MG and Jung, JB and Park, SH},
title = {Medical-Legal Entomology in Action: Evaluation of Insect-Based Post-Mortem Interval Estimation in South Korean Death Investigations.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003860},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {PR10-04-000-22//Research and Development of Police Science and Technology/ ; },
abstract = {Estimating the minimum post-mortem interval (PMI-min) is crucial in criminal investigations for identifying victims and the circumstances surrounding their death. Traditional post-mortem indicators are reliable only within the first 48-72 h post-mortem. This study explored forensic entomology as an alternative method for PMI estimation, focusing on three cases in Busan, South Korea. Forensic cases involving insect specimens collected from bodies found in Busan from 2022 were examined. Personal and photographic data were documented, and insect specimens were collected, preserved, and identified based on both their morphological characteristics and DNA sequences. To enhance the estimation accuracy, corrected death scene temperatures were calculated using an electronic thermo-hygrometer and meteorological data, applying both quadratic regression and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. The PMI-min was estimated using growth models and developmental data from established studies. Lucilia sericata (Meigen) at different life-cycle stages were discovered in all of the cases, whereas Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) was found in only two out of the three cases. In each case, the estimated time of death based on the necrophagous flies differed from the deceased's last known activity by approximately one-two days. These discrepancies may arise from the pre-colonization interval (PCI), a critical but often overlooked factor for accurate PMI-min estimation. Additional factors, including weather conditions, oviposition timing, mixed fly populations, and maggot-generated heat, further contribute to the uncertainty of PMI-min estimates. Future research should integrate these variables and employ advanced technologies such as machine learning to improve the accuracy of these estimates.},
}
@article {pmid40003819,
year = {2025},
author = {Waweru, BW and Kajuga, JN and Hategekimana, A and Ndereyimana, A and Kankundiye, L and Umulisa, C and Nyombayire, A and Mutumwinka, M and Ishimwe, PM and Bazagwira, D and Mukundiyabo, GC and Bigirimana, VP and Yan, X and Kiss, J and Toepfer, S},
title = {Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Above-Ground Use Against Tomato Leaf Miner, Phthorimaea absoluta.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003819},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The tomato leaf miner Phthorimaea (syn. Tuta) absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is invasive in many agricultural regions. Its larvae feed inside leaf mines or tomato fruits and are difficult to reach with plant protection products. In contrast, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are highly virulent and can search for larvae. The challenge is to formulate EPNs to remain protected on a sprayed leaf surface until they enter the mines. We tested 11 formulations, including 2 oils, 4 gels or thickeners, 2 surfactants, 2 UV protectants, water, and combinations with and without the EPN Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) RW14-G-R3a-2 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), under non-closed low-humidity conditions. Six tomato leaf experiments with 1000 EPNs sprayed per leaf showed that EPNs in 0.25 to 0.5% canola oil or in 5% alkyl polyglycoside surfactant were the most effective (26 to 37%). Other formulations and an insecticide had less or no effect. Seven other bioassays showed that most formulations did not adversely affect EPN survival or pathogenicity. We assume that formulations of EPNs can be further improved, such as with other flowable gels or combinations, and encourage investment in the development of practical and economic protective sprayable formulations of EPNs against leaf miners to reduce reliance on chemical insecticides.},
}
@article {pmid40003805,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, Q and Zu, M and Liu, D and Yan, Y and Yang, W and Xu, K},
title = {Roles of Vitellogenin and Its Receptor Genes in Female Reproduction of the Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003805},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {32160637//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; [2023]48-19//Guiyang Science and Technology Personnel Training Project/ ; GCC[2023]008//Program of High-level Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ-[2023]-024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; },
abstract = {Vitellogenin (Vg) and the vitellogenin receptor (VgR) play essential roles in insect reproductive development. However, the functions of Vg and VgR genes in Lasioderma serricorne, an important insect pest of stored products, are unknown. We identified and characterized these two genes, designated LsVg and LsVgR, in L. serricorne. The open reading frames of LsVg and LsVgR were 5232 and 5529 bp, encoding 1743 and 1842 amino acid residues, respectively. Both LsVg and LsVgR were predominantly expressed in female adults and exhibited the highest expression in ovaries. The RNAi-mediated silencing of LsVg or LsVgR significantly decreased the average length of ovarian tubes and oocytes and severely affected ovarian development. The Knockdown of LsVg or LsVgR significantly reduced the oviposition period, the number of eggs laid, and the egg hatching rate. Females injected with dsLsVg and dsLsVg + VgR were found to had decreased vitellogenin content. The co-silencing of LsVg and LsVgR had a more pronounced effect on reducing the oviposition period and female fecundity in L. serricorne. This study revealed the importance of LsVg and LsVgR in regulating female reproduction and shows their potential as targets for RNAi-based control of L. serricorne.},
}
@article {pmid40003799,
year = {2025},
author = {Ricupero, M and Porcu, E and Russo, A and Zappalà, L and Siscaro, G},
title = {New Records of Phenacoccus solenopsis Natural Enemies in Europe and Taxonomic Additions on Anagyrus matritensis.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003799},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {CN00000022//the European Union Next-Generation EU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR) - MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4 - D.D. 1032 17/06/2022/ ; E73C22000240006//Agroecology-inspired Strategies and Tools to Enhance Resilience and ecosystem services in to-mato crop" (ASTER), PRIMA SECTION 2 2021 - MULTI-TOPIC/ ; 101136611//the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (NextGenBioPest project)/ ; },
abstract = {The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous invasive species native to America and considered one of the major cotton pests in Asia. It is currently threatening horticultural and ornamental protected crops in Mediterranean countries. Due to ecological and environmental concerns, the conventional chemical control of P. solenopsis in new areas of introduction is being replaced by exploring the potential of indigenous natural enemies as a sustainable biological control tool. After P. solenopsis introduction in Sicily (Italy), field surveys were conducted on native natural enemies attacking the mealybug to select promising biocontrol agents for field applications. For the first time, Aenasius arizonensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was reported in Europe, and the native Anagyrus matritensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was recorded in association with P. solenopsis. The two parasitoid species were identified by morphological features and molecularly using a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene. Because of missing information, additional morphological features were provided for the morphological identification of A. matritensis. In addition, the generalist predators Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Hippodamia variegata and Parexochomus nigripennis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were also recorded attacking the invasive mealybug.},
}
@article {pmid40003796,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, Y and Pan, Y and Liu, J and Yang, W and Shen, G},
title = {Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Expression of Defense Pathways and Specific Protease Inhibitor Genes in Solanum lycopersicum in Response to Feeding by Tuta absoluta.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003796},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2022YFC2601000//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; QKHJC-ZK-[2022]003//Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; GCC[2023]071//Program of Excellent Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; },
abstract = {Understanding plant-insect interactions can help control the harm of herbivorous pests. According to transcriptome data, transcripts of Solanum lycopersicum responding to feeding by Tuta absoluta were screened for important endopeptidase inhibitors. These genes were annotated as serine-type endopeptidase inhibitors from the potato inhibitor I family, potato type II proteinase inhibitor family, and soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family. Based on the analysis of expression patterns, Solyc09g084480.2, Solyc03g020080.2, Solyc03g098760.1, and Solyc01g009020.1 were identified as key genes in the defense system of S. lycopersicum. The major endopeptidase genes such as Tabs008250, Tabs007396, and Tabs005701 in the larval stages of T. absoluta were also detected as potential targets of the plant endopeptidase inhibitors. The interaction mode between these endopeptidase and endopeptidase inhibitors was predicted based on the protein structure construction. This study aims to reveal the molecular response of S. lycopersicum to feeding by T. absoluta with high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.},
}
@article {pmid40003784,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, H and Xu, D and Deng, X and Liu, Z and He, Z and Wu, J and Zhuo, Z},
title = {Impact of Temperature Variation on the Biological Traits and Lifecycle of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A Meta-Analysis Approach.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003784},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {20A007, 20E051, 21E040 and 22kA011//Fundamental Research Funds of China West Normal University/ ; },
abstract = {Spodoptera exigua is a pest of considerable economic importance; however, detailed research into its ecological adaptability in newly invaded habitats is limited. This research performed a comprehensive analysis of the life history characteristics of S. exigua under varying temperature, photoperiod, and humidity conditions. A total of 264 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis, and the data were examined using random-effects model, fixed-effects model, and meta-regression analysis techniques. The findings reveal that when temperatures exceed 20 °C, several biological parameters of S. exigua significantly increase, with the highest biological activity observed at 33 °C. As temperature rises, the duration of each developmental phase significantly decreases, accompanied by a reduction in the average number of eggs produced by females and a shorter pre-oviposition period. In addition, the pupal development period is shortened, resulting in a longer adult lifespan. By considering environmental variables such as temperature, photoperiod, and relative humidity, we identified the optimal conditions for the survival of each developmental stage of S. exigua. These results provide a foundation for predicting the population dynamics of this pest and contribute to the development of more effective pest control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40003765,
year = {2025},
author = {Aquino-Thomas, J and Crees, L and Miles, M and Smith, MC and Lake, EC and Dray, FA},
title = {Improving Mass-Rearing Techniques for Releases of Floracarus perrepae, a Biological Control Agent for Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003765},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {USDA agreement 58-6032-1-001//Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan/ ; USDA agreement 58-6032-9-008//Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission/ ; },
abstract = {The United States Department of Agriculture-Invasive Plant Research Laboratory started limited production of a biological control mite, Floracarus perrepae, in 2008 for release against the invasive fern Lygodium microphyllum. Mass-rearing and release of the biological control agent was initiated in 2014 as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan to address the challenge of low establishment rates observed from 2008 to 2010. In late 2021, we critically analyzed our rearing protocols, focusing on aging galls and increasing plant vigor. These adjustments resulted in an exponential increase in colony productivity. We implemented bi-weekly monitoring of mite numbers within galls and identified the gall age class with the highest mite density. Based on this information, we developed a systematic method involving weekly plant readiness criteria and a predefined sequence of stages to select plants for release, ensuring that galls are correctly aged to maximize mite numbers. These changes have resulted in substantial improvements in gall abundance (165.3%), F. perrepae density per gall (86.0%), and estimated F. perrepae per plant (453.2%). The increase in F. perrepae released throughout the landscape improved the rates of establishment, abundance, and impact of the agent throughout the invaded range of L. microphyllum in Florida.},
}
@article {pmid40003764,
year = {2025},
author = {Szanyi, S and Barta, M and Velchev, D and Beshkov, S and Mumford, S and Todorov, I and Nagy, A and Varga, Z and Tóth, M and Toshova, T},
title = {First Report of a Migratory Pest, the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Bulgaria.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003764},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {PD 138329//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; },
abstract = {The first occurrence of an invasive pest species, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Bulgaria is reported. Different trapping methods (black light trap, traps baited with semiochemical lures, and food attractants) were used to study Noctuidae assemblages in Bulgaria in 2023. Two males of S. frugiperda were caught with sex pheromone traps in maize fields in Knezha, northern Bulgaria, in early November 2023. Additionally, three moths were attracted by black light traps (early November 2023) and one moth by a food lure applied on a tree trunk at the end of October 2023 in the municipalities of Parvomay and Chirpan, southern Bulgaria, respectively. The identification of S. frugiperda was confirmed using morphological and molecular methods.},
}
@article {pmid40003758,
year = {2025},
author = {Cull, B},
title = {Online Crowdsourced Data from iNaturalist Can Assist Monitoring of Invasive Mosquitoes.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003758},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Invasive mosquitoes continue to spread, increasing the threat of mosquito-borne disease. Ongoing mosquito surveillance is necessary to track the introduction and establishment of these species in new areas and implement appropriate public health and vector control measures. Contributions from citizen science initiatives have been an important component in detecting, controlling, and raising awareness of invasive mosquitoes. The open-access biodiversity platform iNaturalist is an extensive source of human observations of wildlife, including arthropod vectors, and can be a useful supplementary tool for passive vector surveillance. In this study, the utility of iNaturalist data to support invasive mosquito surveillance was assessed by examining the distribution and seasonal data on four invasive Aedes species (IAS) in Europe and neighbouring countries. Almost 16,000 iNaturalist observations of mosquitoes were examined across 62 countries; 13% were identified as IAS, with a further 2% considered probable IAS. These included 16 observations of Aedes aegypti, 1582 Aedes albopictus, 373 Aedes japonicus, and 58 Aedes koreicus. iNaturalist observations of IAS were present in most known areas of establishment, but potential new regions of spread were also identified. These results further support the use of iNaturalist data as a low-cost source of arthropod data to assist existing vector surveillance.},
}
@article {pmid40002943,
year = {2025},
author = {Feng, S and Pan, X and Wang, J and Liu, W and Hui, Y and Wang, G and Liu, K and Li, J and Xu, H and Lin, L and Wang, X and Wu, Z and Huang, L and Ji, F},
title = {Risk Screening of the Non-Native Fish in the Jiulong River Basin of Southeast China.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40002943},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Non-native fish species introduced into new areas, especially when they develop into large populations, pose a threat to native fauna. Understanding the current status of the fish community and invasion risks of non-native fish are essential for invasive species control and diversity conservation. The community structure of fish and a risk assessment on 10 non-native fish species were systematically assessed in the Jiulong River Basin, China, in January, April, and July of 2024. The species richness, with 105 species, showed a notable decrease compared to the 124 species recorded in 1975, while the number of non-native species has increased from zero to ten. Furthermore, the non-native fish species, Coptodon zillii and Sarotherodon galilaeus, have become dominant species, with IRI values of 4038.43 and 1180.30, respectively. The AS-ISK established risk thresholds for BRA and BRA + CCA as 29.5 and 35.5, respectively, identifying 70% of the non-native fish species as high-risk species, including C. zillii, S. galilaeus, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias batrachus, Hypostomus plecostomus, and Oreochromis aureus. This study indicates that the fish species richness in the Jiulong River Basin has declined, with C. zillii and S. galilaeus becoming dominant and posing high ecological risks to the native fish community. In addition, targeted fishing during the breeding season should be used to control the population of tilapia and restore fish diversity.},
}
@article {pmid40001980,
year = {2025},
author = {Pan, X},
title = {Global Initiative for the Risk Assessment Working Group of Invasive Alien Species.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40001980},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Biological invasion is not only an ecological phenomenon but also an administrative challenge [...].},
}
@article {pmid40001958,
year = {2025},
author = {Alogna, A and Liboni, A and Rizzo, R},
title = {Evaluation of Biological Properties and Beneficial Effects for a Sustainable and Conscious Exploitation of Achatina fulica Snails.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40001958},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {In recent decades, there has been significant worldwide interest in the emergence of a new invasive species known as Achatina fulica. This is due to its dangerous habits for the environment, its biological characteristics and the fact that it is the intermediate host of several nematode parasites, such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This land snail species is native to tropical African countries, but has been introduced, accidentally or deliberately, to other parts of the world to be used for different purposes and is now established in a large part of the tropics. Since the 1980s, hundreds of researchers have been interested in the beneficial properties of its mucus, ranging from the antimicrobial and anticancer properties to the use of its powdered shell as a biocatalyst. This literature review aims to objectively describe the positive and negative aspects associated with the spread of A. fulica, highlighting in particular the opportunities for the local populations deriving from a conscious exploitation of this mollusc.},
}
@article {pmid40001957,
year = {2025},
author = {Lawson, KM and Talbert, HG and Hill, JE},
title = {Quantifying and Predicting the Spread of Established Non-Native Fishes in Peninsular Florida, USA.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40001957},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {N/A//University of Florida/ ; },
abstract = {The spread of non-native species plays a substantial role in the designation of a species as invasive, yet the determination and measurement of non-native-species spread is challenging, particularly for fishes, which are limited by aquatic connectivity. Spread has been quantified for fishes in a variety of ways and exact methods vary by region and taxonomic group. In this study, we quantified fish spread in peninsular Florida and used life history traits to understand what factors contribute to the rate at which fish species spread. Using a variety of statistical analyses, we found that fast spreaders in peninsular Florida tend to have a larger body size, narrow diet, shorter time to hatch, greater salinity tolerance, and higher fecundity. However, some variables like parental care, egg diameter, and reproductive guild were the same or very similar across all established species that were included in the analyses. Predicting whether an established species will spread quickly or slowly in Florida may be more challenging than predicting whether an introduced fish species will establish, yet there is support across regions for the use of life history traits in the risk assessment process.},
}
@article {pmid40001919,
year = {2025},
author = {Darrigran, G and Belz, C and Carranza, A and Collado, GA and Correoso, M and Fabres, AA and Gutiérrez Gregoric, DE and Lodeiros, C and Pastorino, G and Penchaszadeh, PE and Salvador, RB and Santos, S and Thiengo, S and Damborenea, C},
title = {What Do We Know About Non-Native, Invasive, and Transplanted Aquatic Mollusks in South America?.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40001919},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Global awareness of introduced species as one of the primary drivers of biodiversity change-causing environmental impacts, and economic and social effects-emphasizes the need to enhance our understanding of these species. Developing a comprehensive database will enable policymakers to identify global bioinvasion patterns and strengthen their capacity to manage them effectively. Aquatic mollusks play a crucial role in the ecosystems they inhabit, influencing food webs and nutrient cycling, and habitat formation and modification. They are also the dominant group in aquaculture, contributing significantly to the economy while also causing economic losses through macrofouling and posing health risks. Despite their importance, information on the introduction, establishment, and dispersal of mollusk species in South America remains scarce and is often confined to the grey literature. With the aim of organizing, increasing, and strengthening the knowledge of non-native and transplanted mollusks in general and aquatic mollusks in particular, 29 specialists in the introduced mollusks of South America, from seven countries, have been working collaboratively since 2016. Each member contributes expertise, data, and bibliographic resources to build the status of the introduced mollusks in South America and provide critical information to prevent future introductions and transplants. In aquatic environments, 41 non-native mollusk species and 18 transplanted species have been identified. Among them, the bivalve Limnoperna fortunei stands out with the greatest economic effect, while the gastropods Lymnaeidae and Thiaridae represent significant health concerns. Although this research represents a major step forward, it also highlights challenges such as the scarcity of taxonomic studies and the limited investigation of vast areas in South America. The information compiled in this review serves as a resource for researchers, policymakers, and the general public when addressing mollusk bioinvasions in South America.},
}
@article {pmid40001901,
year = {2025},
author = {Castriota, L and Falautano, M and Maggio, T and Perzia, P},
title = {Exploring the Enigmatic Spread and Spatial Dynamics of Bursatella leachii in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40001901},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {Interreg V-A Italia-Malta Project-C1-3.1-31//HARMONY "Italo-Maltese harmonization for a good state of the environment: integrity of the seabed and interaction with invasive species to preserve the functioning of marine ecosystems"./ ; },
abstract = {The invasion history of the gastropod mollusk Bursatella leachii in the Mediterranean Sea demonstrates a dynamic progression through distinct phases, comprising arrival, establishment, and expansion phases. Initial records in the 1930s trace its entry through the Suez Canal, likely followed by larval transport to the Aegean Sea facilitated by natural currents. The subsequent spread to Maltese and Italian waters suggests secondary dispersion favored by maritime traffic or aquaculture activities. The establishment phase shows a significant increase in occurrences and spatial dispersion, with aggregated nuclei in the central Mediterranean. The expansion phase was characterized by rapid dispersal and intensified densities, particularly in the Aegean, Adriatic, and Spanish coasts. These findings underscore the species' capability to invade from multiple fronts, driven by both natural and human-mediated processes. A new location in the Strait of Sicily, i.e., the island of Lampedusa, is reported in the present paper for the species. Given the low number of observations, its establishment with a viable population on the island is not confirmed, although its detection validates the Straits of Sicily as a key area of intense settlement of the species.},
}
@article {pmid40000720,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, M and Kanturski, M and Kim, MJ and Lee, S},
title = {First record of Cinara todocola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on endangered Christmas tree in South Korea: morphology, biology, and global invasion potential.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {6691},
pmid = {40000720},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {No. RS-2024-004067 51//the Korea government (MSIT)/ ; NRF2020R1I1A2069484//the Ministry of Education/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Republic of Korea ; *Endangered Species ; Female ; *Introduced Species ; *Aphids/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; Male ; *Trees/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Cinara (Cinara) todocola (Inouye, 1936) is newly recorded on needle fir (Abies holophylla) and Korean fir (Abies koreana) (Pinaceae) in South Korea. This marks the first recorded instance worldwide of this species damaging the Korean fir, an endangered Christmas tree. We provide detailed life photos and descriptions of all available morphs of this species to facilitate rapid species identification, including redescriptions of the poorly known apterous viviparous female and alate viviparous female, as well as descriptions of the hitherto unknown morphs of the parthenogenetic and sexual generation (fundatrix, oviparous female, and male). This species exhibits strong host specificity across various fir trees, and its life cycle is holocyclic, with the colony size doubling twice per year (in June and September) in South Korea. For the first time, we conducted scanning electron microscopy research to elucidate the gross morphology and sensilla of representatives of this species. Additionally, climate niche modeling was applied to assess and predict the global invasion risk of this species, revealing that C. todocola has the potential to invade in specific regions of East Asia, Europe, and North America.},
}
@article {pmid40000670,
year = {2025},
author = {García-Rodríguez, A and Lenzner, B and Velasco, JA and Schertler, A and Omer, A and Seebens, H and Capinha, C and Gallardo, B and Dullinger, S and Essl, F},
title = {The global distribution patterns of alien vertebrate richness in mountains.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1977},
pmid = {40000670},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {I 5825-B//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; P 34688-B//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; 521529463//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Vertebrates/physiology/classification ; Birds ; Mammals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The diverse biotas of the world's mountains face a challenging future due to increasing threats like climate change, land-use change, and biological invasions, the last being particularly understudied in these regions. Here we compile occurrence records for 717 alien vertebrate species distributed in 2984 mountains worldwide. We analyze their distribution, biogeographic origin, presence in protected areas, and the drivers' explaining alien vertebrate richness in mountains. We find that the alien vertebrates most frequently recorded are birds (318 species) and mammals (161 species) reported in 2595 and 1518 mountains globally, respectively. The Palearctic, Nearctic, and Australasian realms are the most common recipients; the Nearctic, Indo-Malay, and Afrotropic realms are the most frequent donors. Almost 50% of the alien species studied also occur in protected areas. Proxies of anthropogenic impacts (e.g., higher road density or lower biodiversity intactness) and mountains' physical characteristics (e.g., elevation range and roughness) explain the distribution of alien vertebrates in mountains. Importantly, the magnitude of invasions in tropical mountains could be underestimated due to sampling bias towards the Northern Hemisphere and Australia. Our large-scale assessment reveals the advance of alien vertebrates in mountains worldwide and urges attention to minimize the impacts of biological invasions on the exceptional mountain biotas.},
}
@article {pmid39999889,
year = {2025},
author = {Shaykevich, DA and Pareja-Mejía, D and Golde, C and Pašukonis, A and O'Connell, LA},
title = {Neural and sensory basis of homing behaviour in the invasive cane toad, Rhinella marina.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2041},
pages = {20250045},
pmid = {39999889},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Marius Jakulis Jason Foundation/ ; R34 NS127103/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; /NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //National Science Foundation/ ; //BRAIN Initiative/ ; //New York Stem Cell Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Bufo marinus/physiology ; *Homing Behavior ; Introduced Species ; Hawaii ; *Spatial Navigation ; },
abstract = {The behavioural, sensory and neural bases of vertebrate navigation are primarily described in mammals and birds. While many studies have explored amphibian navigation, none have characterized brain activity associated with navigation in the wild. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study on navigation in the cane toad, Rhinella marina. First, we performed a translocation experiment to describe how invasive cane toads in Hawaii navigate home and observed homing following displacements of up to 1 km. Next, we tested the effect of olfactory and magnetosensory manipulations on homing, as these senses are most commonly associated with amphibian navigation. We found that neither ablation alone prevents homing, further supporting that toad navigation is multimodal. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that the medial pallium, the amphibian homologue to the hippocampus, is involved in homing. Our comparisons of neural activity revealed evidence supporting a conservation of neural structures associated with navigation across vertebrates consistent with neural models of amphibian spatial cognition from recent laboratory studies. Our work furthers our evolutionary understanding of spatial behaviour and cognition in vertebrates and lays a foundation for studying the behavioural, sensory and neural bases of navigation in an invasive amphibian.},
}
@article {pmid39999757,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, J and Zhu, Y and Wang, L and Li, Z and Shi, Z and Yang, X and Yahdjian, L},
title = {Plant invasion risk assessment in Argentina's arid and semi-arid rangelands.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {377},
number = {},
pages = {124648},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124648},
pmid = {39999757},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Argentina ; Climate Change ; Risk Assessment ; Ecosystem ; Plants ; },
abstract = {Climate change and anthropogenic activities have amplified the risk of invasive species spread. Approximately two-thirds of Argentina's land area comprises arid and semi-arid rangelands, yet the current state of invasions across these vast regions and their projected spread under future climate change scenarios remain insufficiently understood. To address this research gap, we employed an ensemble modeling approach to simulate and predict the distribution of 30 major invasive species across Argentina's five key arid and semi-arid rangelands. Our findings revealed that Patagonia and Western Chaco are minimally impacted by invasive species, while the Monte and Puna rangelands exhibit extensive areas of low invasion risk. In contrast, the Caldenal rangeland, as an ecotone, faces the most severe impacts. Notably, Centaurea solstitialis, Cynodon dactylon, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Plantago major, Polypogon monspeliensis, Sorghum halepense, and Taraxacum officinale were identified as key invaders in Argentina's arid and semi-arid rangelands, with invasion areas exceeding 10% in at least one rangeland. Under high-emission scenarios, the invasion risk is projected to increase significantly across different rangelands. Among the key environmental variables incorporated into the model, the mean temperature of the driest quarter emerged as the most critical climatic variable due to its high contribution to the predicted distribution of 19 invasive species. Our study serves as a crucial warning for the management of arid and semi-arid rangelands in Argentina, highlighting the urgency of addressing invasive species under changing environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39997893,
year = {2025},
author = {Ucros-Rodríguez, S and Araque-Romany, F and Montero-Mendoza, L and Sarmiento-Nater, VC and Calvo-Carrillo, OM and Johnson-Restrepo, B and Gallego, JL and Romero-Murillo, P},
title = {Analysis of Pollutant Accumulation in the Invasive Bivalve Perna viridis: Current Status in the Colombian Caribbean 2020-2023.},
journal = {Toxics},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {39997893},
issn = {2305-6304},
support = {BPIN- 2020000100427//Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MinCiencias) and Sistema General de Regal&#xed;as de Colombia in Colombia/ ; },
abstract = {The Colombian Caribbean faces environmental challenges due to urbanization, industrialization, and maritime activities, which introduce pollutants such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and microplastics into aquatic ecosystems. Perna viridis (Asian green mussel), an invasive species that has been established in Cartagena Bay since 2009, exhibits potential bioaccumulation capacity, making it a promising biomonitor. This study assessed the concentrations of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and selenium (Se) in P. viridis across two key sites-a port area at the Cartagena Bay (CB) and Virgen marsh (VM) in Colombia-from 2020 to 2023. Seasonal variations driven by La Niña and El Niño phenomena significantly influenced metal concentrations, with transitional periods modulating pollutant accumulation. The levels of trace metals in soft tissue of P. viridis (dry weight) ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0039 µg/g (Cd), 0.04 to 0.21 µg/g (Hg), 0.05 to 1.18 µg/g (Pb), and 0.0029 to 0.0103 µg/g (Se). In suspended particulate matter (SPM), Cd ranged from 0.07 to 0.33 µg/g; Pb ranged from 4.94 to 25.66 µg/g; and Hg ranged from 0.18 to 1.20 µg/g. Results revealed differences in metal concentrations between sites and seasons, highlighting the role of environmental and anthropogenic factors in pollutant distribution. The findings confirm P. viridis as an effective biomonitor of complex pollution scenarios in Cartagena Bay. However, its invasive status highlights ecological risks to be addressed, such as interaction with native bivalves and benthic community structures. These results emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring efforts to mitigate pollution and preserve marine biodiversity in the Colombian Caribbean.},
}
@article {pmid39996828,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, H and Yue, C and Li, H},
title = {Mitochondrial Genome Characteristics and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Spartina alterniflora.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {47},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {39996828},
issn = {1467-3045},
support = {2024C02002//"Leading Goose"R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang/ ; 2022SY06//Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology Project/ ; },
abstract = {The mitochondrial genome of Spartina alterniflora, an invasive species with significant ecological and economic impacts, was analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for understanding its phylogenetic relationships and molecular biology. Mitochondrial genome sequences of S. alterniflora and 23 related species from NCBI were utilized for bioinformatics and comparative genomic analyses. A sliding window analysis identified three genes (rps2, atp9, and nad6) as potential DNA barcodes for species identification. Intracellular gene transfer (IGT) events between mitochondrial and chloroplast genome were detected, highlighting the dynamic nature of genomic evolution. A selective pressure analysis revealed that most protein-coding genes (PCGs) underwent purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1), while the nad2 and ccmB genes showed signs of positive selection pressure (Ka/Ks > 1), indicating their role in adaptation. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between S. alterniflora and Eleusine indica, supported by a collinearity analysis, which suggests environmental convergence. This study provides novel insights into the structural and evolutionary characteristics of the S. alterniflora mitochondrial genome, offering valuable genomic resources for future research on invasive species management and evolutionary biology.},
}
@article {pmid39996564,
year = {2025},
author = {Wilson, TM and Acre, MR and Williams, F and Calfee, RD and Mayer, CM and Mapes, RL and Kemp, CM and Young, RT and Byrne, ME},
title = {Reproductive biology of invasive grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in two North American systems.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {1},
pages = {101-115},
pmid = {39996564},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {7006325//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey/ ; //Great Lakes Fishery Commission/ ; //Great Lakes Restoration Initiative administered by the Division of Wildlife, Ohio Department of Natural Resources/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Carps/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Female ; *Reproduction/physiology ; Male ; *Introduced Species ; Seasons ; Fertility ; *Sexual Maturation ; Missouri ; Lakes ; },
abstract = {Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are nonnative, herbivorous freshwater fish that represent an ecological threat in North American waters. However, data are limited on reproductive biology specific to wild populations in midwestern North America, despite recent concern for grass carp establishment within the Great Lakes. Basic information on reproductive traits could be useful to determine reproductive potential, inform future population modelling and provide information to aid control efforts. Our objectives were to evaluate grass carp age-at-maturity, spawning season timing, fecundity type, developmental timing and spawning strategy. Additionally, we evaluated the reliability of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) as a proxy for identifying mature grass carp and compared body condition across study areas. We sampled grass carp in portions of the Mississippi River watershed within the state of Missouri and within the Lake Erie basin. Based on gonad histological samples (n = 274), grass carp are batch spawners with indeterminate fecundity and asynchronous ovarian developmental timing. This allows flexibility in their spawning, exemplified by a protracted spawning season in Lake Erie (April to November) in temperatures ranging from 12.3 to 27.3°C. Minimum observed age-at-maturity for females in Missouri and for both males and females in the Lake Erie population was age-3 and age-2 for males in Missouri. Accuracy of GSI as a measure of maturity during the spawning season was 89.7% and 87.5%, for females and males, respectively. Compared to Missouri, grass carp in Lake Erie had a significantly higher body condition, and females ready to spawn had significantly higher GSI values, suggesting that the grass carp in Lake Erie are healthier and more fecund relative to Missouri and, if left uncontrolled, potentially have a high probability of establishment within the Great Lakes. The results of this study will allow managers to identify the reproductive status of grass carp in the field and more accurately estimate populations and reproductive potential.},
}
@article {pmid39996399,
year = {2025},
author = {Barbour, MT and Severson, TJ and Wise, JK and Muelemans, MJ and Kelly, K and Pucherelli, S and Waller, DL},
title = {Carbon dioxide infusion reduces invasive mussel biofouling (quagga mussel; Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in raw water systems.},
journal = {Biofouling},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {253-264},
doi = {10.1080/08927014.2025.2468282},
pmid = {39996399},
issn = {1029-2454},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biofouling/prevention &amp; control ; *Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology ; *Dreissena/drug effects/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Larva/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) to reduce biofouling by quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in raw water systems was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a mobile laboratory located at Bureau of Reclamation Davis Dam Hydropower Facility and supplied with raw water from Lake Mohave, a reservoir of the Colorado River, USA. Incoming water was split between five chambers, each infused with CO2 at a different rate. Raw reservoir water containing quagga larvae (veligers) was mixed with CO2 chamber outflows and delivered to tanks containing settlement plates. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 tested continuous infusion at target concentrations of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 100 mg L[-1] dCO2 (dissolved CO2). Experiment 2 evaluated intermittent infusion schedules: 24 h on/off with 50, 75, and 100 mg L[-1] dCO2 and 24 h once/week with 100 mg L[-1] dCO2. In Experiment 1, the percent settlement decreased with mean CO2 concentration, ranging from 5.0% to < 0.1% in 28.7 and 92.2 mg L[-1] dCO2, respectively. In Experiment 2, the efficacy of 24 h on/off at dCO2 > 72.2 mg L[-1] was similar to continuous treatment. The least effective treatment was 24 h once weekly at 95 mg L[-1] dCO2. These results demonstrate that CO2 treatment may reduce mussel biofouling in raw water systems.},
}
@article {pmid39993002,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, F and Li, M and Liu, Z and Li, W and He, Q and Xing, L and Xiao, Y and Wang, M and Wang, Y and Du, C and Zhang, H and Zhou, Y and Du, H},
title = {The mixed auto-/allooctoploid genome of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) provides insights into its polyploid origin and invasiveness.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {121},
number = {4},
pages = {e70005},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.70005},
pmid = {39993002},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {32100500//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32160438//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; C2021201048//Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; YESS20210080//Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Polyploidy ; *Genome, Plant/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Introduced Species ; *Polygonaceae/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; },
abstract = {Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, is one of the top 100 most destructive invasive species worldwide due to its aggressive growth and strong adaptability. Here, we report an 8.04 Gb chromosome-scale assembly of R. japonica with 88 chromosomes across eight homologous sets. Through a combined phylogenetic and genomic analysis, we demonstrate that R. japonica is a mixed auto-/allooctoploid (AAAABBBB). Subgenome A (SubA) exhibited a close phylogenetic relationship with the related species Fallopia multiflora. We also unveiled the origin and evolutionary history of octoploid R. japonica based on resequencing data from Reynoutria species with different ploidy. Comparative genomics analysis revealed the genetic basis of R. japonica's invasivity and adaptability. The auxin response factor (ARF) gene family was significantly expanded in R. japonica, and these genes were highly expressed in rhizomes. We also investigated the collaboration and differentiation of the duplicated genes resulting from auto- and allo-polyploidization at the genomic variation, gene family evolution, and gene expression levels in R. japonica. Transcriptomic analysis of stem internodes and apices at different developmental stages revealed that the octuplication and significant expansion of the SAUR19 and SAUR63 subfamilies due to tandem replication in SubA, and the high expression of these genes in stems, likely contribute to the rapid growth of R. japonica. Our study provides important clues into adaptive evolution and polyploidy dominant traits in invasive plants, and will also provide important guidance for the breeding of polyploid crops.},
}
@article {pmid39992921,
year = {2025},
author = {Naddafi, R and Florin, AB},
title = {How does round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) affect fish abundance in the Swedish coastal areas of the Baltic Sea?.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {e0316546},
pmid = {39992921},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Sweden ; *Fishes/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; *Perciformes/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Quantifying the effects of species invasions is particularly challenging, as it requires accurate measurements of the ecosystem before and after the invasion. The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a highly successful invasive species from the Ponto-Caspian region, has had significant ecological impacts on native communities in the invaded ecosystems. However, there are currently no studies examining the impact of the round goby invasion on the abundance of coastal fish in the Baltic Sea. Using 17-23 years of monitoring data from four areas, we quantified the changes in fish abundance (mostly representing coastal fish indicators and key coastal fish species) associated with the round goby invasion in the Swedish coastal areas. A generalized additive mixed model suggests that round goby invasion will lead to an increase in the abundance of perch, cyprinids, piscivores, and ruffe, while whitefish and flounder abundance will decrease. In addition, the abundance of sprat and herring may not be affected by round goby invasion. Abundance of perch, cyprinids, flounder, perch (≥20 cm total length), cod, pikeperch, and pike were increased with water temperature and were decreased with water depth and wave exposure. We observed a decreasing trend in the abundance of whitefish, sprat, and herring with an increase in water temperature and a decrease in water depth. Given the low abundance of several piscivorous species in the Baltic Sea and the role of predators to control exotic prey, reinforcing piscivore populations might be useful for the Baltic Sea ecosystem and regulating round goby populations at a local scale.},
}
@article {pmid39991452,
year = {2025},
author = {Ziganira, M and Downs, CT},
title = {Significant Progress in the Study of African Freshwater Snails Over the Past 260 Years.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e71031},
pmid = {39991452},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Globally, freshwater ecosystems are threatened. Research progress concerning African freshwater snails was reviewed using a systematic review process. Since 1757, the number of publications produced has increased, particularly in the last decade. In the first 50 years (1757-1800), 0.1% of publications on freshwater snails in Africa were conducted, followed by 0% (1801-1850), 3.3% (1851-1900), 3.5% (1901-1950) and 48.7% (1951-2000). The last 23 years (2001-2024) exhibited a large increase (44.3%) in publications of the total conducted. Studies on freshwater snails varied in number across the 10 major African water basins, with the majority of studies in the Nile (21.7%), followed by the Congo Basin (17.6%) and Niger (12.4%). The Orange Basin and Lake Tanganyika also received a high number of studies (10.9%) and (7.2%), respectively. Most freshwater snail study objectives related to conservation and taxonomy (70%), followed by disease vector (20.5%), with genetics/genomic/DNA barcoding/eDNA receiving significant focus as well (5.2%). Studies focusing on geology and palaeontology (2.5%), followed by climate change (1.5%) and machine learning (0.4%). The modern phase in the study of African freshwater snails came around the early 20th century with the discovery of Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina as intermediate hosts for the parasites causing human schistosomiasis. African freshwater malacology has since then benefited from African and overseas malacologists based at universities and medical laboratories across Africa and overseas. In addition to taxonomic studies, there was a steady rise in contributions relating to ecology, disease vectors, palaeontology and genetics. These contributed knowledge on local endemism and speciation, invasive species, species origins and distribution across African water basins, as well as the spread of infectious diseases and impacts of climate change. In the last decade, there have been shifts in methods with the application of DNA barcoding, genomics, environmental DNA and, most recently, machine learning approaches.},
}
@article {pmid39990132,
year = {2025},
author = {Keet, JH and Hui, C},
title = {One-hectare fine-scale dataset of a fynbos plant community in the Cape Floristic Region.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {59},
number = {},
pages = {111334},
pmid = {39990132},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {Cape fynbos, which forms part of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, a global biodiversity hotspot, is renowned for its high levels of plant species endemism and diversity. This extraordinary ecosystem, characterised by nutrient-poor soils and fire-adapted vegetation, is a treasure trove of endemic flora. However, this fragile system faces increasing threats from habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species. Pristine fynbos, naturally high in plant diversity and which forms a large part of the CFR, presents an ideal opportunity to gather fine-scale data on community assembly patterns. Most fynbos vegetation surveys use a plot size of about 100 m[2], with no spatial structures within plots to demarcate individual subplots. Here, a groundbreaking dataset is presented that fully covers 1-hectare of pristine fynbos, systematically gridded into 50 × 50 subplots, each measuring 2 × 2 m, arranged evenly within a square-shaped survey site. Each plot was assigned a unique Y-X coordinate combination. For each plot, all plant species present were recorded, along with their total percentage covers and maximum height values. Total percentage covers were also recorded for bare soil, rock, and termite mounds. This dataset provides a valuable contribution to the field of fynbos ecology, as well as plant community ecology in general, and establishes a benchmark for future one-hectare surveys of similar fynbos vegetation types, delineating the fine-scale composition and structure of fynbos in the CFR. The dataset will be useful for a wide audience, including community and spatial ecologists, plant and environmental scientists, and biodiversity informaticians and statistical ecologists, offering ideal data for testing new metrics of diversity and compositional turnover.},
}
@article {pmid39989666,
year = {2025},
author = {Suwannarat, N and Ribas, A and Miquel, J and Poonlaphdecha, S},
title = {Helminth absence and invasion success of blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) in Thailand.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1529827},
pmid = {39989666},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the helminth absence in the invasive blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) in Thailand, testing the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH). The ERH suggests that invasive species thrive in new habitats due to the lack of natural parasites that control their populations in native environments. The recent introduction of S. melanotheron in Thailand has raised concerns about its ecological and economic impacts.<br><br>METHODS: We surveyed 164 blackchin tilapia from six different locations in Chumphon Province, Thailand, including the sea, estuary, canal, and shrimp farms, examining them for helminths. Fishermen provided data on the first capture dates in the surveyed areas to determine how long the populations have been established.<br><br>RESULTS: No helminths were detected in any of the examined fish. The absence of parasites was consistent across all surveyed environments, suggesting a lack of parasitic burden in the population.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The absence of helminths may contribute to the successful expansion of S. melanotheron in Thailand, supporting the Enemy Release Hypothesis.},
}
@article {pmid39989387,
year = {2025},
author = {Bali, ED and Rodovitis, VG and Verykouki, E and Terblanche, JS and Carey, JR and Papadopoulos, NT},
title = {Factors affecting detection and trapping efficacy of Mediterranean fruit flies.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {81},
number = {7},
pages = {3548-3556},
pmid = {39989387},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under agreement No 818184 (FF-IPM)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Insect Control/methods/instrumentation ; *Tephritidae/physiology ; Temperature ; Citrus ; Acclimatization ; Olea ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adult trapping is essential for detecting, monitoring, and controlling fruit fly pests (Diptera: Tephritidae), its efficacy depends on both biotic and abiotic factors. Although efficient commercial trapping systems exist, capturing major invasive tephritid pests remains challenging. This study investigated whether sex, thermal history, trap location, and climatic conditions affect the trapping efficacy of Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) adults. Four release-recapture trials were conducted with marked adults (9600 in total) acclimated at 15, 25, 30 °C or maintained in outdoor conditions: two early in spring and two in summer. Plastic McPhail-type and Jackson traps baited with Biolure and trimedlure dispensers, respectively, were placed on either non-host (olive trees) and host (Citrus) trees. Adults were released 2-3 m from each trap.<br><br>RESULTS: Acclimation, ambient temperatures, and host plants' presence influenced recapture rates, which were 25.5 and 25.8% for males and 3.0 and 7.4% for females in non-host and host trees, respectively. Higher recapture rates were observed in adults acclimated at lower temperatures or kept outdoors. Trap placement on host plants also improved trapping efficacy. The higher the ambient temperature the higher the recapture rates.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, our results demonstrate that trapping efficacy of medfly and probably other fruit flies is influenced by biological and environmental factors, with ambient conditions being the one with the stronger effect. Cold acclimation like early spring may overestimate population size, while late-season trapping may underestimate it. Hence, thorough examination and careful interpretation of trapping data are crucial for accurate population assessments and for determining detections of invasive pests. &#xa9; 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39988962,
year = {2025},
author = {Narayanan, N and Lutz, P and Shaw, AK},
title = {Coexistence of coinvading species with mutualism and competition.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {2},
pages = {e70039},
pmid = {39988962},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {2109965//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; //National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Models, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; *Plants/microbiology ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {All interactions between multiple species invading together (coinvasion) must be accounted for to predict species coexistence patterns across space. Mutualisms, particularly, are known to influence species' population dynamics and their invasive ability (e.g., mycorrhizal fungi with partner plants). Yet, while modeling coinvasion, their role in mediating coexistence is overlooked. Here, we build a spatially explicit model of coinvasion of two competing plant species with a shared fungal mutualist to study how mutualism and competition interact to shape the local and regional coexistence of competitors. We observe four main results. First, mutualist presence generates regional coexistence between competitors even when local coexistence between them is impossible. Second, increasing partner mutualist dispersal leads to abrupt changes in competitor coexistence outcomes. Third, differences in mutualist partner dependence and competitive ability interact to produce a variety of local and regional coexistence outcomes. Fourth, asymmetry in the dispersal ability arising from dependence-dispersal trade-offs leads to greater exclusion of species less dependent on mutualist partners for growth. In toto, incorporating mutualism-specific trait trade-offs and dispersal asymmetries into coinvasion models offers new insights into regional coexistence and invasive species distributions.},
}
@article {pmid39987825,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, X and Yang, J and Yang, X and Wang, T and Meng, J and Guo, X and Wang, Y and Xiong, W and Zeng, J and Wu, Z and Li, K and Jeppesen, E},
title = {Leaf metabolomic traits decipher the invasiveness of Alternanthera philoxeroides in urban wetlands.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {968},
number = {},
pages = {178888},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178888},
pmid = {39987825},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Amaranthaceae/physiology ; *Plant Leaves/metabolism/physiology ; China ; *Wetlands ; *Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Urbanization ; },
abstract = {Urbanisation has been considered to promote exotic plant invasion. Ecophysiology predicts phenotypic variation and potential evolution following urbanisation and can be used to evaluate plant invasiveness. However, few studies have included the role of ecophysiological traits for such invasiveness in urban ecosystems. Traditional plant functional traits have been used but have their limitations. Novel approaches such as metabolomics may potentially be useful. The present study explored the invasiveness of the cosmopolitan noxious invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides in urban and periurban areas of a megacity city in China using both traditional leaf functional traits and novel leaf metabolome as indicators. We found that traditional leaf functional traits, including specific leaf area, nitrogen concentration, carbon:nitrogen ratio and construction costs, did not differ between urban and periurban A. philoxeroides populations. However, metabolomic profiling showed that the urban populations had an up-regulated expression of zeatin and purine, two cytokinins correlated with plant growth and a down-regulated expression of isoflavonoids, a defensive metabolite for herbivory. Leaf metabolome may, therefore, be sensitive in deciphering the facilitative effects of urbanisation on plant invasion. We also found that the urban populations of A. philoxeroides accumulated more beneficial microbes, which might enhance their invasiveness. Urbanisation likely promotes exotic plants invasion through generation of metabolites, which stimulates growth via modification of the soil microbiome. Our results indicate that leaf metabolome may be used for interpreting plant invasiveness and predicting plant invasion.},
}
@article {pmid39987527,
year = {2025},
author = {Lisachova, LS and Lisachov, AP and Ermakov, OA and Svinin, AO and Chernigova, PI and Lyapkov, SM and Zamaletdinov, RI and Pavlov, AV and Zaks, SS and Fayzulin, AI and Korzikov, VA and Simonov, E},
title = {Continent-Wide Distribution of CMTV-Like Ranavirus, from the Urals to the Atlantic Ocean.},
journal = {EcoHealth},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {173-184},
pmid = {39987527},
issn = {1612-9210},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ranavirus/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *DNA Virus Infections/epidemiology/veterinary/virology ; Atlantic Ocean/epidemiology ; *Ranidae/virology ; Russia/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {Ranavirosis is an emerging infectious disease of amphibians, fish, and reptiles caused by large dsDNA viruses of the genus Ranavirus associated with morbidity and mass mortalities worldwide. They are considered to be one of the major drivers of the ongoing amphibian biodiversity crisis. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of ranaviruses in native and invasive populations of water frogs (Pelophylax spp.) across Russia using the DNA sample collection established in 2006-2016. The collection included samples collected in the wild and samples from wild-caught water frogs that had been kept in laboratories for a period of time. Overall, 52 out of 590 (8.8%) of wild frogs from 18 out of 94 (19.1%) sampling sites tested positive, including samples from invasive populations. Among the captive frogs, 71 out of 263 (27.0%) were positive and they had a significantly higher relative viral load. We found six major capsid protein gene haplotypes from 22 positive samples, all belonging to the common midwife toad virus (CMTV-like) ranaviruses, at multiple sites within the basins of three of Europe's largest rivers (Volga, Dnieper, and Don). Combined with previously published data, this study provides evidence for a continent-wide distribution of CMTV-like ranaviruses in Europe and strengthens the hypothesis of their endemism on the continent. Our study also highlights that the water frogs are important hosts for ranaviruses and could potentially act as vectors for infection transmission.},
}
@article {pmid39987192,
year = {2025},
author = {Chwalek, P and Coblentz, M and Montague, S and Kuronaga, M and Zhu, I and Paradiso, JA},
title = {Acoustic data collection in arctic environments during the midnight sun using multi-channel SoundSHROOMs.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {318},
pmid = {39987192},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; *Acoustics ; Arctic Regions ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Ecosystem ; *Birds/physiology ; Svalbard ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Climate Change ; Sunlight ; },
abstract = {As climate change and habitat loss continue to impact ecosystems worldwide, efficient and scalable biodiversity monitoring tools are increasingly needed. Bioacoustic data are invaluable for tracking shifts in species distributions, detecting invasive species, and monitoring ecosystem health. In this paper, we present an audio dataset from Longyearbyen, Svalbard, collected during the Arctic summer of 2023 using custom-developed Sensor-equipped Habitat Recorders for Outdoor Omnidirectional Monitoring (SoundSHROOMs) units. These devices employ ten spatially-separated, high-resolution microphones to provide 360° monitoring over 6 days across 9 locations. Our study aimed to assess the deployment process of SoundSHROOMs in Arctic conditions, collect multi-channel acoustic data for spatial audio applications, and to evaluate various microphone windshields under realistic wind loading. The resulting multi-channel synchronized microphone data capture a wealth of bioacoustic information from vocalizing animals, particularly bird species. The dataset offers valuable insights into the presence, abundance, and behavior of avian populations in Svalbard, demonstrating the effectiveness of bioacoustic monitoring in remote and challenging environments.},
}
@article {pmid39986984,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, C and Bellard, C and Jeschke, JM},
title = {Understanding biological invasions through the lens of environmental niches.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {385-394},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.01.006},
pmid = {39986984},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Understanding successful invasions across taxa and systems in a unified framework is a central goal of biological conservation. While the environmental niche is a promising concept to improve our understanding of biological invasions, existing studies have not applied it to comprehensively examine all invasion stages. Here, we provide a framework that integrates the environmental niche and invasion process at both the species and the population level. By elucidating how species and populations perform in the niche space, we demonstrate how different dimensions of species niches can help in understanding inter- and intraspecific variations in the success and impact of non-native species, and identify knowledge gaps. The niche framework also offers flexibility in integrating other factors driving the success and impact of non-native species.},
}
@article {pmid39986282,
year = {2025},
author = {Castellanos-Galindo, GA and Sharpe, DMT and Robertson, DR and Bravo, V and Jeschke, JM and Torchin, ME},
title = {New fish migrations into the Panama Canal increase likelihood of interoceanic invasions in the Americas.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {1364-1372.e2},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.049},
pmid = {39986282},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Animal Migration ; Panama ; Panama Canal Zone ; Lakes ; },
abstract = {Maritime shipping is vital for commercial trade and well recognized as a main pathway for the spread of non-native species.[1] For over a century, the Panama Canal in Central America has played a major role in global trade, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Historically, the introduction of species through the Panama Canal has been relatively low, largely due to the existence of a soft barrier-the freshwater Lake Gatun-inside the canal.[2][,][3][,][4] However, the 2016 expansion of the Panama Canal involved major structural changes to the canal's lock system, which may have increased the likelihood that more marine fish species and greater numbers of them enter the lake and eventually cross the canal. To test this prediction, we used standardized quantitative comparisons of the fish communities of Lake Gatun, a system with a rich record of biological introductions,[5][,][6] before (2013-2016) and after (2019-2023) the canal expansion. We observed a shift from a freshwater-dominated to a marine-dominated fish community in several areas inside the lake after 2016. The increase in marine organisms in this aquatic corridor may represent a potential invasion in progress, with a greater likelihood of some species eventually passing through the canal and colonizing the opposite ocean. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of these changes are difficult to predict. However, as most of these marine fishes are top predators with wide niche breadths, their colonization of Atlantic and Pacific oceans will likely alter ecological interactions and potentially lead to ecosystem-level changes.},
}
@article {pmid39985810,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Yuan, MJ and Zhang, ZY and Pei, NC},
title = {The gap-free genome assembly and multi-omics analyses illustrate the evolutionary history and the synthesis of medicinal components of Ligustrum lucidum.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {121},
number = {4},
pages = {e70029},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.70029},
pmid = {39985810},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {2023MS03031//Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region/ ; 32360307//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Inner Mongolia Normal University Introduces High-Level Talents Funds/ ; CAFYBB2023MB017//Fundamental Research Funds of CAF/ ; 3211002406//Inner Mongolia Grassland Talents Project/ ; 2024A1515011484//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Ligustrum/genetics/metabolism ; *Genome, Plant/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal/genetics/metabolism ; Genomics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Ligustrum lucidum, an important ornamental and medicinal plant in the Oleaceae family, has become a globally notorious invasive species because of its high adaptability. However, the lack of a high quality genome has hindered the understanding of the genetic basis for its broad adaptability and the mechanisms of its medicinal component synthesis. In this study, we successfully assembled a gap free telomere to telomere genome of L. lucidum. Through the reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree, we presented evidence that Jasmineae diverged from Oleaceae earlier than Forsythieae, which challenges the existing phylogenetic relationships within Oleaceae. Comparative genomics has found that two rounds of gene family expansions in L. lucidum significantly increased the number of genes related to its biotic and abiotic stress resistances, which may lay the genetic foundation for its broad adaptability. Among the L. lucidum fruits from January to March in our investigation, the results of metabolome show that March may be the optimal harvesting time. By integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, we identified candidate genes involved in the synthesis of compounds, such as specnuezhenide, salidroside, and oleanolic acid. This study provides valuable genomic resources for comparative genomics studies within Oleaceae and for the genetic research of L. lucidum.},
}
@article {pmid39983542,
year = {2025},
author = {Pienaar, M and Bierman, A and Roets, F and Terblanche, JS},
title = {Acclimation effects on thermal locomotor performance of the invasive Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer beetle, Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).},
journal = {Journal of thermal biology},
volume = {128},
number = {},
pages = {104068},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104068},
pmid = {39983542},
issn = {0306-4565},
mesh = {Animals ; *Locomotion ; *Acclimatization ; *Weevils/physiology ; Temperature ; Introduced Species ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; },
abstract = {The Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB; Euwallacea fornicatus, Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an invasive and destructive tree pest. To assess whether thermal acclimation influences E. fornicatus locomotion performance (i.e., induced plastic responses) that may influence invasion potential, beetles were acclimated to three temperatures (18 °C, 25 °C, and 32 °C), and four locomotion traits were measured across six temperatures (13 °C, 18 °C, 23 °C, 28 °C, 33 °C and 38 °C) per acclimation group to construct thermal performance curves, capturing critical thermal minimum (Tmin), critical thermal maximum (Tmax), thermal breadth (Tbr), optimal performance rate (Umax). Substantial plasticity of performance curves was found in E. fornicatus. Generally, cold (18 °C) acclimation increased the thermal range of several locomotor performance traits without affecting performance levels, thereby supporting the colder-is-better hypothesis. To assess the consequences of these plastic responses, using the thermal performance curves established here, movement rates of E. fornicatus in an at-risk orchard area in South Africa were predicted across seasons while considering artificial warm and cold spells. Cold-acclimated beetles exhibited the highest cumulative distance traveled in both summer and winter, while warm-acclimated beetles had the lowest. Therefore, short-term thermal variation significantly influenced E. fornicatus locomotion performance, with cold acclimation notably improving dispersal across a wide range of thermal conditions. These findings highlight the importance of considering recent thermal history when predicting E. fornicatus invasion potential. By integrating these data with microclimatic conditions and functional models, this study offers valuable insights for predicting E. fornicatus spread, informing targeted management strategies, and refining spatially explicit risk assessments to mitigate the impacts of this invasive pest.},
}
@article {pmid39981050,
year = {2025},
author = {Skewes, O and Kambas, A and Gädicke, P and Keuling, O},
title = {First wild boar density data from Araucaria forest in Patagonian Andes.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e18951},
pmid = {39981050},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Sus scrofa ; *Forests ; Population Density ; Chile ; Seasons ; Biodiversity ; Endangered Species ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {As Sus scrofa is an invasive species in South America, it may have a significant impact on biodiversity. Evaluating this threat requires reliable data, and population density can serve as a critical measure. However, such data is currently lacking for the southern Andes region. To address this gap, we monitored wild boar density in the Villarrica National Park, located in the Andes of south-central Chile. This study area is notable not only for its challenging climatic conditions but also for its endangered Araucaria araucana forest, which provides abundant food resources during autumn seed fall. The density calculated for the entire study period was 1.4 individuals/km[2], with no significant variation between cold and warm seasons. The encounter rate showed strongly monthly variations. Given that this represents the first density estimate for wild boar in this region, our findings emphasize the need for continued monitoring, particularly due to the potential threat to the ecosystem and the already endangered Araucaria forest.},
}
@article {pmid39981047,
year = {2025},
author = {Nunley, RM and Rutkowski, EC and Toonen, RJ and Vicente, J},
title = {Potential transoceanic dispersal of Geodia cf. papyracea and six new tetractinellid sponge species descriptions within the Hawaiian reef cryptofauna.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e18903},
pmid = {39981047},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Porifera/classification/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Hawaii ; *Coral Reefs ; *Introduced Species ; *Animal Distribution ; Caribbean Region ; },
abstract = {Kāne'ohe Bay has historically been known for the introduction of alien species from the Caribbean and the Western Indo-Pacific. Recent efforts that explore the reef cryptofauna have shown that in addition to the diversity of non-indigenous species, patch reef environments are rich with undescribed species. Here we integrate molecular phylogeny and systematics to distinguish introduced species from those that are potentially native or endemic. We focus on the order Tetractinellida and document the potential transoceanic dispersal of Geodia papyracea from the Caribbean to Hawai'i. Our integrative approach allowed us to describe new species of Stelletta (Stelletta kela sp. nov., Stelletta hokunalohia sp. nov., Stelletta kuhapa sp. nov., Stelletta hokuwanawana sp. nov., Stelletta apapaola sp. nov.) and one new species of Stryphnus (Stryphnus huna sp. nov.); all collected from the reef cryptofauna via the use of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures. Specimens were barcoded using 28S and COI molecular markers, providing insights into the phenotypic plasticity of sponges and the phylogenetic placement of these new species based on morphological characters. Using both molecular phylogeny and traditional taxonomy enhances the accuracy of species identification and classification, contributing to a broader understanding of sponge biodiversity within the Hawaiian archipelago.},
}
@article {pmid39980263,
year = {2025},
author = {Ahmed, DA and Sousa, R and Bortolus, A and Aldemir, C and Angeli, NF and Błońska, D and Briski, E and Britton, JR and Cano-Barbacil, C and Clark-Ginsberg, A and Culic, I and Cuthbert, RN and Dick, J and Dimarco, RD and Essl, F and Everts, T and García-Berthou, E and Hauer, M and Kouba, A and Kourantidou, M and Kutschera, U and Mammola, S and Martín-Forés, I and Morissette, O and Nuñez, MA and Olden, JD and Pârvulescu, L and Pergl, J and Renault, D and Rico-Sánchez, AE and Russell, JC and Soto, I and Serhan Tarkan, A and Uysal, TU and Verreycken, H and Vilizzi, L and Wasserman, R and Wehi, P and Haubrock, PJ},
title = {Parallels and discrepancies between non-native species introductions and human migration.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {100},
number = {3},
pages = {1365-1395},
pmid = {39980263},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {PTDC/CTA-AMB/0510/2021//Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/ ; //Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities/ ; //European Union/ ; 11220210100507CO//Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient&#xed;ficas y T&#xe9;cnicas/ ; 899546//H2020 Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Actions/ ; //Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; RVO 67985939//Czech Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Introduced Species ; *Human Migration ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions and human migrations have increased globally due to socio-economic drivers and environmental factors that have enhanced cultural, economic, and geographic connectivity. Both processes involve the movement, establishment, and spread of species, yet unfold within fundamentally different philosophical, social and biological contexts. Hence, studying biological invasions (invasion science) and human migration (migration studies) presents complex parallels that are potentially fruitful to explore. Here, we examined nuanced parallels and differences between these two phenomena, integrating historical, socio-political, and ethical perspectives. Our review underscores the need for context-specific approaches in policymaking and governance to address effectively the challenges and opportunities of human migration and harm from biological invasions. We suggest that approaches to studying the drivers of biological invasions and human migration provide an excellent opportunity for transdisciplinary research; one that acknowledges the complexities and potential insights from both fields of study. Ultimately, integrating natural and social sciences offers a promising avenue for enriching the understanding of invasion biology and migration dynamics while pursuing just, equitable, and sustainable solutions. However, while human migration is a clear driver of biological invasions, drawing on principles from biological invasions to understand past and current human migration risks oversimplification and the potential for harmful generalisations that disregard the intrinsic rights and cultural dynamics of human migrations. By doing so, we provide insights and frameworks to support the development of context-specific policies that respect human dignity, foster cultural diversity, and address migration challenges in ways that promote global cooperation and justice. This interdisciplinary approach highlights the potential for transdisciplinary research that acknowledges complexities in both fields, ultimately enriching our understanding of invasion biology and migration dynamics while pursuing equitable and sustainable solutions.},
}
@article {pmid39979374,
year = {2025},
author = {Vallès, H and Walcott, J and Oxenford, HA},
title = {No change in key reef fish herbivores or reef fisher yields in Barbados a decade after the lionfish invasion.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {6253},
pmid = {39979374},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Coral Reefs ; *Fishes/physiology ; Barbados ; Perciformes/physiology ; *Fisheries ; *Herbivory ; Introduced Species ; Animals ; Biomass ; Time Factors ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Red lionfish, Pterois volitans, a non-native marine species with potential to cause significant damage to Caribbean coral reefs, reached Barbados in late 2011. In 2012, before lionfish became locally established, fish surveys at ten reef sites in Barbados were undertaken every four months over a year to generate baseline data. Fisher catch surveys were also undertaken at two main landing sites twice in a year. A decade later, all surveys were repeated at the same sites. Post-invasion lionfish biomass was low across most sites and increased with site depth, likely due to fishing. A comparison of reef fish biomass of selected key herbivores of high ecological and commercial importance (parrotfishes and surgeonfishes) and forage fish groups (damselfishes and wrasses) pre- and post-invasion indicated no detectable effects of lionfish on the key herbivores and wrasses, although damselfish biomass did decline with lionfish biomass increases. We also found no evidence of a decline in fisher catch rates, suggesting no negative impacts on fisher earnings. Furthermore, catch composition remained virtually unchanged for trap fishers, while lionfish had become an important component of the catch of spearfishers. Overall, our results suggest that control of lionfish through sustained fishing effectively protects key fish herbivores and might indirectly benefit reefs through a release of fishing pressure on native fishes by spearfishers now targeting lionfish.},
}
@article {pmid39976755,
year = {2025},
author = {Chowdhary, MA and Sharma, V and Gadri, HS and Roy, S and Bhardwaj, P},
title = {Spatio-temporal mapping and climate change impact on current and future expansion of P. roxburghii in the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {3},
pages = {316},
pmid = {39976755},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Biodiversity ; *Pinus/growth &amp; development ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; India ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {The global proliferation of Pinus species poses significant threats to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and environmental stability. Pinus roxburghii, in particular, has demonstrated a strong potential to encroach upon the indigenous biodiversity of the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot (HBH), an area already vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This study utilized the MaxEnt model, chosen for its robust performance in species distribution modelling, to predict the geographical distribution and actual extent of P. roxburghii for the period 2001-2021 and project its future expansion under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP-126 and SSP-585) for 2050 and 2070. The model high predictive accuracy (AUC > 0.9) and metrics (κ and TSS > 0.7) demonstrate its reliability and strong performance. The results reveal a notable expansion of P. roxburghii across the HBH, with a 1.61% spatio-temporal increase (11,142.16 km[2]) and a 0.65% rise in habitat suitability (4478.47 km[2]) under future scenarios. Key bioclimatic variables influencing its distribution include BIO6 (minimum temperature of the coldest month) and BIO17 (precipitation of the driest quarter), contributing 69.54% and 85.28% to the model under current and future scenarios, respectively. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted adaptive management strategies, such as early detection systems and habitat restoration initiatives, to mitigate the encroachment of P. roxburghii and safeguard native biodiversity.},
}
@article {pmid39973118,
year = {2025},
author = {Shallow, EE and Glaspie, CN and Polito, MJ and Lovell, MS},
title = {Stomach content and stable isotope analysis of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in the Florida Keys.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {106},
number = {6},
pages = {1863-1875},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.16067},
pmid = {39973118},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {LEQSF(2019-22)-RD-A-06//Louisiana Board of Regents/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Florida ; *Perciformes/physiology ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Gastrointestinal Contents/chemistry ; *Diet ; *Food Chain ; Coral Reefs ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The invasive red lionfish, Pterois volitans, plays a unique role in seagrass and reef ecosystems, where it functions as a top predator and competitor for both food and shelter. Given the ubiquitous distribution of lionfish in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean basins, their species provides an excellent opportunity to understand how an invasive predator's diet and primary energy pathways change as a function of size and habitat type. To investigate these patterns, we studied lionfish from a mosaic of deep reef, shallow patch reef, and seagrass bed habitats in the Florida Keys using stomach contents and stable isotope analysis (δ[13]C and δ[15]N). In August 2020, lionfish (n = 48) and other native species were collected from coastal habitats in the Florida Keys, including deep (20-30 m), intermediate (12-18 m), and shallow (<8 m) reefs, to obtain representation of the local food web. Lionfish on shallow reefs were found to feed from different basal carbon sources than lionfish on intermediate and deep reefs. Bayesian mixing models predicted reef particulate organic matter to be the greatest source contributor to the primary energy pathways of lionfish and reef fish at similar trophic levels, and a high degree of resource use overlap between lionfish and native reef fish was documented. Over time, niche overlap with native species could lead to a decline in their populations through resource competition and/or direct predation, thus creating the need to further study the impact of lionfish in the Florida Keys ecosystem. With the increasing scientific consensus that lionfish diets and niche overlap are highly location-specific, this study further contributes to our collective understanding of the role that lionfish play in the food web of patch reefs in the Florida Keys.},
}
@article {pmid39970042,
year = {2025},
author = {Schmitt, LR and Trotter, RT and Coyle, DR},
title = {Validating a variable-instar, climate-based phenology model for the Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) using field data from South Carolina.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {4},
pages = {710-717},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvae127},
pmid = {39970042},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {21-DG-11083145-008//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/growth &amp; development ; South Carolina ; *Models, Biological ; Introduced Species ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Climate ; Pupa/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; },
abstract = {The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (ALB, Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a federally regulated invasive species capable of infesting several different genera of hardwood trees. Accurate knowledge of ALB's phenology is critical for the effective implementation of management and eradication plans. We updated the ALBLT prediction model and used empirical data collected in South Carolina, USA to validate ALBLT v. 2.0. The new model largely agreed with ALB life stages found in field collections, except for late instars and pupae. We also ran the model at 8 other potentially high-risk cities in the contiguous United States with latitudes ranging from 28°N (Tampa, FL) to 41°N (Chicago, IL) to predict how long a single ALB generation might take to develop in these environments. Model predictions ranged from a 2-3-yr lifecycle in Chicago to a potential life cycle of < 1 yr in Tampa. These predictions can help inform managers and invasive species specialists should ALB be found in new environments, and these data can aid in developing an adequate management and eradication plan.},
}
@article {pmid39969199,
year = {2025},
author = {Vilanova-Cuevas, B and DeRito, CM and Ritchie, IT and Kellogg, CA and Evans, JS and Zimmerman, A and Williams, SM and Brandt, M and Sevier, M and Gittens, S and Budd, KA and Warham, M and Sharp, WC and Delgado, GA and Hylkema, A and Kitson-Walters, K and Quod, J-P and Breitbart, M and Hewson, I},
title = {Investigating the influence of Diadematidae scuticociliatosis on host microbiome composition.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {e0141824},
pmid = {39969199},
issn = {2379-5077},
support = {OCE-2049225//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 1650441//NSF | National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)/ ; 2136515//NSF | National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)/ ; //Von Rosenstiel Fellowship and Von Rosentiel Innovation Fund for Marine Science/ ; //CU | David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University (ACSF)/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Microbiota ; *Sea Urchins/microbiology/parasitology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Mass mortality of Diadematidae urchins, caused by the Diadema antillarum scuticociliatosis Philaster clade (DScPc), affected the Caribbean in spring 2022 and subsequently spread to the eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea, and western Indian Ocean. A key question around Diadematidae scuticociliatosis (DSc), the disease caused by the scuticociliate, is whether the urchin microbiome varies between scuticociliatosis-affected and grossly normal urchins. Tissue samples from both grossly normal and abnormal Diadema antillarum were collected in the field during the initial assessment of the DSc causative agent and from an experimental challenge of DScPc culture on aquacultured D. antillarum. Specimens were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Additional abnormal urchin samples were collected from the most recent outbreak site in the western Indian Ocean (Réunion Island). At reference (i.e., unaffected by DSc) sites, Kistimonas spp., Propionigenium spp., and Endozoicomonas spp. were highly represented in amplicon libraries. DSc-affected urchin amplicon libraries had lower taxonomic richness and a greater representation of taxa related to Fangia hongkongensis and Psychrobium spp. Amplicon libraries of urchins experimentally challenged with the DSc pathogen had some shifts in microbial composition, but F. hongkongensis was not a part of the core bacteria in DSc-challenged specimens. DSc-affected Echinothrix diadema from Réunion Island showed a similar high representation of F. hongkongensis as that seen on Caribbean D. antillarum. Our results suggest that DSc alters Diadematidae microbiomes and that F. hongkongensis may be a candidate bacterial biomarker for DSc in environmental samples. The mechanism driving microbiome variation in host-pathogen interactions remains to be explored.IMPORTANCEThe mass mortality of Diadematidae urchins due to Diadema antillarum scuticociliatosis (DSc) has had significant ecological impacts, spreading from the Caribbean to the eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea, and western Indian Ocean. This study investigates whether the microbiome of urchins varies between those affected by DSc and those that are not. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, researchers found that DSc-affected urchins had lower taxonomic richness and a greater representation of Fangia hongkongensis and Psychrobium spp. The findings indicate that F. hongkongensis could serve as a bacterial biomarker for DSc in environmental samples, providing a potential tool for early detection and management of the disease. Understanding these microbiome changes is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the spread and impact of DSc on marine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39969017,
year = {2025},
author = {Raunsay, EK and Rehiara, RE and Nurcholis, W},
title = {Conservation challenges of Birds of Paradise in Papua, Indonesia: a systematic literature review.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {e289477},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.289477},
pmid = {39969017},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Indonesia ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds/classification ; Ecosystem ; Hunting ; },
abstract = {Indonesia, recognized as the world's second-largest mega-biodiversity country, is home to a remarkable variety of endemic species, including the iconic Birds of Paradise. Despite its rich biodiversity, the population of Birds of Paradise in Papua, Indonesia, is critically threatened by factors such as habitat loss, hunting, and exploitation. This systematic literature review aims to identify and synthesize the key reasons behind the conservation of these birds and evaluate current conservation strategies. Utilizing the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 354 articles were screened from databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with 39 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The review highlights that habitat destruction, introduced species, and unsustainable hunting practices are the primary threats to these species. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive synthesis of biological, ecological, and socio-cultural factors influencing the conservation of Birds of Paradise in Papua, as well as the evaluation of advanced genetic technologies as potential conservation strategies. The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced conservation measures, including the development of advanced genetic technologies and community-driven efforts, to preserve the unique biodiversity of Papua's Birds of Paradise.},
}
@article {pmid39968104,
year = {2025},
author = {Škorpíková, L and Vadlejch, J and Ilgová, J and Plhal, R and Drimaj, J and Mikulka, O and Magdálek, J and Kašný, M and Reslová, N},
title = {Molecular uncovering of important helminth species in wild ruminants in the Czech Republic.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1544270},
pmid = {39968104},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {Monitoring gastrointestinal helminth infections in wild ruminants poses significant challenges for managing wildlife health, particularly regarding invasive species. Traditional coprological methods are often limited by their labor-intensive nature and potential for erroneous identification due to morphological similarities among parasite species. This study employed advanced molecular techniques to assess the prevalence and distribution of several helminth taxa, including the invasive nematode Ashworthius sidemi and the trematode Fascioloides magna, in wild ruminant populations in the Czech Republic (CR). A comprehensive and extensive survey on parasite occurrence, unique in its nationwide scope, was conducted on 983 fecal samples collected from red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and mouflon (Ovis musimon) across various regions of the CR. The samples were analyzed using multiplex real-time PCR assays specifically designed to detect the DNA of six helminth representatives: the nematodes A. sidemi and Haemonchus spp., as well as the trematodes F. magna, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fasciola hepatica, and Calicophoron daubneyi (and representatives of the family Paramphistomidae, respectively). These assays targeted regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and were designed to exhibit high sensitivity and specificity, enabling accurate detection of helminth parasites directly in fecal samples. The molecular assays revealed that invasive nematode A. sidemi was the most prevalent helminth species, detected in 15.8% of all samples (155/983), with the highest infection rate observed in red deer at 30.7% (124/404). Haemonchus spp. were also frequently detected, identified in 14.9% of samples (146/983), particularly in roe deer, with a prevalence of 23.2% (86/371). Spatial analysis of these nematodes across various regions of the CR revealed the extensive distribution of both A. sidemi and Haemonchus spp. in nearly all regions. In contrast, trematode infections were less common, with F. magna and D. dendriticum each found in only 1.5% of samples (15/983). Members of the family Paramphistomidae were detected in 0.2% of the samples (2/983) and were confirmed through sequencing as C. daubneyi. The geographical distribution patterns identified in this study indicate potential hotspots for specific helminth species. These findings are critical for planning health management and conservation strategies to mitigate the impacts of helminth infections, especially in areas affected by invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid39967423,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, S and Liao, ZY and Cao, P and Schmid, MW and Zhang, L and Bi, J and Endriss, SB and Zhao, Y and Parepa, M and Hu, W and Akamine, H and Wu, J and Ju, RT and Bossdorf, O and Richards, CL and Li, B},
title = {General-purpose genotypes and evolution of higher plasticity in clonality underlie knotweed invasion.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {246},
number = {2},
pages = {758-768},
pmid = {39967423},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {2022YFC2601100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 31961133028,32071663//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202405AS350011//Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province/ ; 306055//Bundesministerium f&#xfc;r Bildung und Forschung/ ; 431595342//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 2023VBB0012//Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative/ ; XDYC-QNRC-2022-0014//Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biological Evolution ; Genotype ; Phenotype ; China ; Japan ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; },
abstract = {Many widespread invasive plant species express high phenotypic variation across novel environments, providing a unique opportunity to examine ecological and evolutionary dynamics under global change. However, studies often lack information about the origin of introduced populations, limiting our understanding of post-introduction evolution. We assessed the responses of Reynoutria japonica from 128 populations spanning latitudinal transects in the native (China and Japan), and introduced (North America and Europe) ranges when grown in two common gardens. Plants from introduced populations differed in almost all traits from those from Chinese populations, but were similar to plants from the putative origin in Japan. Compared to Chinese populations, North American, European and Japanese populations expressed lower trait values and plasticity in most traits. However, plants from both introduced and Japanese populations expressed higher clonality and plasticity in clonality than plants from Chinese populations. Further, introduced populations expressed higher plasticity in clonality but lower plasticity in basal diameter compared to Japanese populations. Our findings emphasize the potential role of clonality and plasticity in clonality for invasion success. In addition, our study highlights the importance of comparisons to source populations within the native range to identify evolutionary responses of introduced plants to novel environments.},
}
@article {pmid39967421,
year = {2025},
author = {Schulz, AN and Havill, NP and Marsico, TD and Ayres, MP and Gandhi, KJK and Herms, DA and Hoover, AM and Hufbauer, RA and Liebhold, AM and Raffa, KF and Thomas, KA and Tobin, PC and Uden, DR and Mech, AM},
title = {What Is a Specialist? Quantifying Host Breadth Enables Impact Prediction for Invasive Herbivores.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {e70083},
doi = {10.1111/ele.70083},
pmid = {39967421},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {19-DG-11132544-022//USDA Forest Service National Urban and Community Forestry Advisory Council/ ; MISZ-069550//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Program/ ; G16AC00065//U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis/ ; ME022124//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Projects/ ; 1012868//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Projects/ ; 15-JV-11242303-103//USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment/ ; 1637685//National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research Network/ ; //David R.M. Scott Endowed Professorship in Forest Resources/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area/ ; //USDA Forest Service International Programs/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; *Insecta/physiology/classification ; Phylogeny ; Models, Biological ; North America ; Trees ; },
abstract = {Herbivores are commonly classified as host specialists or generalists for various purposes, yet the definitions of these terms, and their intermediates, are often imprecise and ambiguous. We quantified host breadth for 240 non-native, tree-feeding insects in North America using phylogenetic diversity. We demonstrated that a partitioning of host breadth: (1) causes 67% of non-native insects to shift from a generalist to specialist category, (2) displays a reduction in host breadth from the native to introduced range, (3) identifies an inflection point in a model predicting the likelihood of non-native insect ecological impact, with a corresponding change in behaviour associated with specialists versus generalists, and (4) enables three models for strong prediction of whether a non-native forest insect will cause high impacts. Together, these results highlight the primacy of how herbivore host recognition and plant defences mediate whether novel host interactions will result in high impact after invasion.},
}
@article {pmid39966496,
year = {2025},
author = {Stafiniak, M and Bielecka, M and Kujawa, K and Jezierska-Domaradzka, A and Pencakowski, B and Basiak, A and Matkowski, A and Nawrot-Hadzik, I},
title = {Integrative morphological, phytochemical, and molecular identification of three invasive and medicinal Reynoutria species.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {6001},
pmid = {39966496},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {STM.D034.20.156//Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piast&#xf3;w Slaskich we Wroclawiu/ ; },
mesh = {*Plants, Medicinal/genetics/chemistry ; *Phytochemicals/analysis/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Polygonaceae/genetics/chemistry ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; },
abstract = {The three highly invasive Reynoutria species - R. japonica Houtt., Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai, and a hybrid of them - R. x bohemica J. Chrtek &amp; A. Chrtková are rich sources of biologically active compounds. However, only R. japonica is accepted as an herbal drug source in the pharmacopeias as Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix, while R. sachalinensis is used in folk phytotherapy. The hybrid species can be misidentified as R. japonica due to its morphological resemblance. This study intended to explore genetic identity, diversity, and population structure using sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers correlated with morphological characteristics and metabolic profiles in fifteen accessions of Reynoutria species from invasive populations in Central Europe (Wroclaw, south-west Poland). The results suggest that morphological identification based on leaf morphology is clear for R. sachalinensis but fails to distinguish between R. japonica and R. × bohemica unambiguously. The qualitative HPLC/DAD/ESI-HR-QTOF-MS analysis determined the chemical composition of collected samples, revealing 117 compounds belonging to carbohydrates, stilbenes, flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, anthraquinones, organic acids, and naphthalenes. Out of these, the six compounds were quantitated. Based on LC-MS data for 117 compounds, the cluster analysis categorized the fifteen accessions into two distinctive clusters. All SCoT and SRAP markers showed medium (0.1 to 0.25) to high (0.30 to 0.40) levels of PIC, high levels of polymorphic bands (85 and 89%, respectively) and relatively high mean values for Rp (6.42 and 7.0) and were considered informative and differentiating. Partitioning the genetic diversity with AMOVA showed that variation within the populations was higher than among them, as seen in the combined data from SCoT and SRAP (53.04% vs. 46.96%, respectively) and the analyses of individual markers. Genetic diversity indices revealed that chosen genetic markers efficiently assess the variability within the genus Reynoutria. Na varied from 1.57 in R. sachalinensis to 3.34 in R. x bohemica, and Ne was low and almost identical for all species (~ 1.6). Nei's diversity (H) indicated low genetic diversity (< 0.2) in all species, with the highest value for hybrid (0.184). Despite low H values, Shannon's index (I) remains high and similar (R. japonica - 5.21, R. x bohemica - 5.28, and R. sachalinensis - 5.45). The number (NPL) and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) for the hybrid (160 and 52.98%) were almost twice as high as for the parent species. The populations exhibited moderate GST values (0.159) and a gene flow (Nm = 1.317). Genetic structure analysis with the Evanno test (ΔK = 2) reveals two genetic groups with the highest admixture in the hybrid population. The cluster analysis dendrograms based on LC-MS data, genetic distance, and leaf morphology categorized the fifteen accessions into three clusters, revealing unequivocal separation of the R. sachalinensis from both other taxa. According to Baker's methodology, the highest correlation between dendrograms was observed between genetic and morphological data, with values of 0.85. Lower correlations were noted between molecular markers and phytochemical profile, as well as between morphology and phytochemical profile. The study suggests the effectiveness of combined morphological, phytochemical, and SCoT and SRAP molecular marker systems in assessing the identity of plant material. This approach can also be used in further studies on the population structure, spread, diversity, and evolution of invasive species such as Reynoutria spp.},
}
@article {pmid39964333,
year = {2026},
author = {Manattini, MC and Lozada, M and Buteler, M},
title = {Agonistic interactions between Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus) and Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) during foraging.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {353-363},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.13500},
pmid = {39964333},
issn = {1744-7917},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wasps/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; *Agonistic Behavior ; Introduced Species ; Female ; Aggression ; Species Specificity ; Social Behavior ; },
abstract = {Foraging behavior is a key factor associated with the success of social insect invasions. Vespula wasps show complex behavioral patterns and social mechanisms associated with foraging, which are directly related to their invasive success in several countries worldwide. Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus) and Vespula germanica (Fabricius) are invasive wasps, coexisting in Patagonia, showing temporal and dietary overlap. As generalist, opportunistic predators and scavengers with broad diets, these sympatric wasps share similar niches and foraging habits. We analyzed their foraging strategies and interaction, observing the behavior of each species in the presence of workers of the same species, and the other species at a given resource, directly and indirectly. Directly, from a continuous visual record, we observed and recorded the frequency of wasp's behavior at a feeder for 30 min. Indirectly, we conducted pairwise choice tests to compare wasp preference for treated and untreated feeders with visual and olfactory cues simulating the presence of wasps of the same or different species. We found consistent differences between species in aggressiveness. V. vulgaris showed a greater degree of intraspecific agonistic behavior than toward V. germanica, while V. germanica was less aggressive, and intraspecific and interspecific interactions were similar. Also, V. vulgaris preferred landing on baits without visual and olfactory cues simulating wasps presence, while V. germanica preferred baits with cues simulating its own species over baits with cues representing V. vulgaris. Our results suggest that V. germanica prioritize social facilitation as foraging strategy, while for V. vulgaris aggression is the predominant strategy.},
}
@article {pmid39963792,
year = {2025},
author = {Brule, JH and Warren, MB and Bullard, SA},
title = {First report of a dactylogyrid, Cichlidogyrus sclerosus Paperna &amp; Thurston, 1969 (Monogenoidea) infecting Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in the United States, with a review of host and locality records in its invasive range and a phylogenetic analysis.},
journal = {Journal of helminthology},
volume = {99},
number = {},
pages = {e17},
doi = {10.1017/S0022149X24000919},
pmid = {39963792},
issn = {1475-2697},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cichlids/parasitology ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology ; *Trematode Infections/veterinary/parasitology ; *Phylogeny ; *Trematoda/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology ; United States ; Gills/parasitology ; *Platyhelminths/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology ; },
abstract = {The parasites of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) are poorly documented in the United States despite the economic importance and global introduction of this African fish. Only one metazoan parasite (Gyrodactylus cichlidarum Paperna, 1968; Gyrodactylidae) reportedly infects Nile tilapia in the United States. Examining Nile tilapia from a flow-through aquaculture system hydrologically linked to Sougahatchee Creek (Tallapoosa River, Auburn, Alabama), we observed a gill infection by Cichlidogyrus sclerosus Paperna &amp; Thurston, 1969 (Dactylogyridae). This monogenoid was originally described from the gill of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Specimens of C. sclerosus were studied for morphology and phylogenetic analyses using the 28S and ITS1. We identified our specimens as C. sclerosus because they had the following combination of morphological features: marginal hooks shorter than dorsal anchor length; anchor roots reduced; dorsal anchor point bent; dorsal bar pyriform projections approximately half as long as dorsal bar width; penis short (<100 μm), not coiled, tubular, lacking swelling, having irregularly surfaced heel; and accessory piece straight and bifid. Our 28S and ITS1 phylogenies recovered our C. sclerosus sequences in a clade with conspecific sequences and showed no obvious biogeographic pattern. Cichlidogyrus sclerosus reportedly infects 21 fishes of 11 genera and 3 families from 36 countries in Africa, Asia, North America, South America, and Europe. The study of Nile tilapia parasites, especially those exhibiting direct life cycles and low host specificity, is important because they comprise potential invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid39961041,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, IK and Kim, CJ and Choi, JH and Kang, HJ and Choi, MB},
title = {Stylopization by Xenos spp. (Xenidae, Strepsiptera) in invasive alien hornet, Vespa velutina, in South Korea.},
journal = {Parasite (Paris, France)},
volume = {32},
number = {},
pages = {10},
pmid = {39961041},
issn = {1776-1042},
support = {KNA1-2-44-23-2//Korea National Arboretum/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Republic of Korea ; Male ; *Introduced Species ; *Wasps/parasitology ; Female ; Pupa/parasitology ; Larva/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Insecta/physiology ; },
abstract = {The invasive hornet Vespa velutina Lepeletier, which first invaded South Korea in 2003, has spread throughout the country, significantly affecting apiaries, ecosystems, and human health. Xenos spp. (Xenidae, Strepsiptera) are primarily parasitic to social wasps, with V. analis being the only known host in Korea. Until recently, no parasites or parasitoids on V. velutina had been discovered. In 2020, strepsipteran parasites were discovered on 11 hornet workers in Andong City, South Korea. These parasites, comprising four larvae and seven pupae, were all male, except for one individual of an undetermined sex. Molecular analysis and morphological examination identified the parasites as Xenos moutoni (du Buysson, 1903) and X. oxyodontes Nakase &amp; Kato, 2013. This marks the first recorded instance of strepsipteran parasites on V. velutina in regions invaded by this hornet. Although the exact infection rate of these parasites could not be determined, it appears that native strepsipteran parasites have adapted to a non-native Vespa species. Stylopization, the condition caused by these parasites, is known to negatively affect hornet colonies: infected workers do not contribute to nest activities, hindering nest development, and infected reproductive individuals (males and new queens) do not mate, which impedes the establishment of new colonies. However, due to the hornet's high reproductive rate and compensatory mechanisms, the overall control effect of the parasites is likely to be minor.},
}
@article {pmid39961028,
year = {2025},
author = {Kantor, C and Teixeira, M and Kantor, M and Gleason, C},
title = {Tiny Invaders, Big Trouble: Emerging Nematode Threats in the United States.},
journal = {Phytopathology},
volume = {115},
number = {6},
pages = {587-595},
doi = {10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0290-IA},
pmid = {39961028},
issn = {0031-949X},
mesh = {Animals ; United States ; *Nematoda/physiology ; *Plant Diseases/parasitology ; *Introduced Species ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Crops, Agricultural/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; },
abstract = {Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause billions of dollars in agricultural losses annually. In the United States, a well-established list of prevalent nematodes serves as a foundation for addressing known threats. However, climate change is expected to trigger significant shifts in nematode populations, behaviors, and host ranges, introducing new risks to agricultural ecosystems. Understanding how nematodes adapt to evolving environments is crucial for predicting their spread to new locations and hosts. Beyond the spread of current PPN populations, there is the ongoing threat of undetected or nonnative PPNs entering the United States, potentially causing severe damage to agriculture and forest ecosystems. Continuous surveillance is vital to track nematode spread, and advancements, such as machine learning for nematode detection and quantification, enhance diagnostic capabilities. Additionally, remote sensing combined with geographic information systems is emerging as a powerful tool for pest management, offering spatial analysis and real-time monitoring. In this review, we highlight a selection of PPN species, including those with currently limited geographic distribution but posing a significant threat if introduced to new environments. We list these nematodes based on their host range, potential economic impact, and current molecular diagnostic methods. We propose the "emergence triangle" to explore how abiotic stresses impact nematode adaptation and how nematologists use innovative technologies to enhance surveillance efforts. Although ongoing diagnostic and monitoring efforts provide valuable insights, continuous surveillance is essential to track nematode spread. Critical questions remain regarding the criteria used by government officials to classify and regulate nematodes and who guides decisions on prioritizing threats. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.},
}
@article {pmid39959884,
year = {2024},
author = {Beca-Carretero, P and Meister, M and Teichberg, M and Moreira-Saporiti, A and Schneekloth, F and Reuter, H},
title = {Methodological Insights into Implementing cellular automata models for simulating seagrass dynamics: Responses to global change effects.},
journal = {MethodsX},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {102936},
pmid = {39959884},
issn = {2215-0161},
abstract = {This study introduces an innovative methodology employing Cellular Automata (CA) models to simulate seagrass dynamics in response to global environmental changes. The primary objective is to outline a procedural framework for constructing and deploying CA models applied to seagrass ecosystems, and potentially to other marine or terrestrial environments. The methodology encompasses various components, including conceptualization, workflow delineation, model parameterization, and execution steps. By utilizing Mediterranean and Zanzibari (East Africa) seagrass ecosystems as case studies, we demonstrate the versatility and applicability of the proposed approach across diverse geographical regions, species composition and model components. Through these case studies, we demonstrated how CA models can effectively capture the dynamics of seagrass communities subjected to climate change, invasive species, and nutrient regimes. Despite its strengths, the proposed CA model has limitations, including parameterization complexity and uncertainties related to species-specific environmental thresholds, growth rates and species interactions, alongside the difficulty of validating our models with real-world scenarios. Addressing these limitations in future studies will enhance the model's accuracy and applicability. This study serves as a foundation for future research in other regions and ecosystems, facilitating a better understanding of the complex interactions driving ecosystem dynamics.•This study introduces a methodology using Cellular Automata (CA) models to simulate seagrass dynamics detailing conceptualization, workflow, parameterization, and execution.•Case studies in Mediterranean and East Africa ecosystems demonstrate the versatility of CA models in capturing the impacts of climate change, invasive species, and nutrient regimes.•Despite strengths, the CA model has limitations and uncertainties like parameterization complexity and model validations suggesting future research to enhance accuracy and applicability.},
}
@article {pmid39959439,
year = {2025},
author = {Orihuela-Rivero, R and Balibrea, C and Noguerales, V and López, H and Oromí, P},
title = {A new species of woodlouse (Isopoda, Oniscidea) from the Canarian laurel forest.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1225},
number = {},
pages = {49-63},
pmid = {39959439},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {A new species of terrestrial isopod, Porcellioaguerensis Orihuela-Rivero, sp. nov. of the family Porcellionidae (Oniscidea), is described from the laurel forest of Tenerife, Canary Islands. This new species belongs to the Atlantic group ("scaber") as defined by Vandel due to the structure of the male pleopod 1 and its "primitive" glandular system. Some diag-nostic characters that allow it to be differentiated from other species are revealed, such as (i) the smooth dorsal surface, (ii) the sinuosity of the posterior margin of the first pereonites, (iii) the configuration of the glandular system, and (iv) the structure of the male pleopod 1 exopod. The affinity of Porcellioaguerensis Orihuela-Rivero, sp. nov. with the morphologically closest members of the genus is discussed, both with continental and insular species, hypothesizing a relationship between the Canarian species of Porcellio and the "primitive" continental lineages of the genus. A key of the Porcellio species occurring in Tenerife is included. The conservation of Porcellioaguerensis Orihuela-Rivero, sp. nov. within a scenario of increasing dominance of invasive species is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39959136,
year = {2025},
author = {Karatayev, AY and Burlakova, LE and Karatayev, VA and Cooper, JE and Rudstam, LG},
title = {Multiple invasions decimate the most imperiled freshwater invertebrates.},
journal = {Biological invasions},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {85},
pmid = {39959136},
issn = {1387-3547},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Invaders can have devastating impacts on freshwater ecosystems, but these impacts can subside over time as ecosystems "adapt" to the invasion of new species. We analyzed changes in species composition and density of molluscs in Oneida Lake (New York, USA), one of the best studied North American lakes based on detailed surveys conducted in 1915-17, 1967-68, 1992-95, 2012, and 2022-23, and on annual benthic surveys from 2009 through 2023. Eutrophication and habitat alteration after 1920 resulted in a 25% decline in species richness and a 95% decline in the density of native gastropods by 1967, while species richness of unionids did not change. The arrival of zebra mussels in 1991 and quagga mussels in 2005 was associated with an increase in species richness and density of native gastropods and an extirpation of unionids by 1995. However, an invasion by the round goby in 2013 led to a significant decline across all gastropod families, disproportionately impacting soft-shelled and shallow-dwelling species, while other species, including invasive dreissenids, partially recovered 3-7 years after the goby invasion. This mollusc recovery was depth-related and was limited to deeper areas. Altogether, molluscan communities were sensitive to ecosystem change and invasives species, with some invaders offsetting the impacts of eutrophication and habitat alterations. While individual stressors have taxon-specific and sometimes positive impacts, eutrophication and species invasions have collectively decimated the native mollusc community over the past century.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10530-025-03540-5.},
}
@article {pmid39958812,
year = {2025},
author = {Watermann, LY and Durka, W and Erfmeier, A},
title = {An Established Plant Invader May Still Benefit From Increasing Genetic Diversity-Insights From Artificial Populations in a Common Garden Experiment.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e70963},
pmid = {39958812},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Genetic diversity and competitive ability, though extensively studied in the context of biological invasions, are still poorly understood in their relative importance, especially when shifting the perspective from an individual plant's phenotype to overall population performance. Most approaches addressing the role of genetic diversity involve the comparison of standing genetic variation in field populations combined with experimental treatments on individual plants. Composing predefined mixtures of populations to manipulate genetic diversity would be an experimental approach to test for direct effects on population performance. We determined pairwise genetic distances among 16 invasive and 22 native populations of Jacobaea vulgaris GAERTN. using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Based on this information, we created each 15 de-novo populations with different levels of genetic diversity for both origins. These de-novo populations were subjected to three levels of decreasing microsite availability by using a matrix of either 0, 5, or 10 individuals of Festuca rubra. We monitored population performance continuously throughout two growing seasons to study effects of interactions between origin, microsite availability, and genetic diversity with (generalized) linear effects models. This allowed us to uncover whether the relative importance of those factors varies with the life-stage of this biennial species. We found no ambiguous patterns on the hypothesized beneficial effect of genetic diversity for J. vulgaris populations. Native populations tended to respond negatively to increasing genetic diversity, especially under more favorable site conditions, but this was not a persistent pattern and was only evident through continuous monitoring. Invasive populations could benefit from increasing genetic diversity during early establishment, but not in interaction with restricted microsite availability. Our results do suggest that genetic variation supports population establishment and performance under certain environmental conditions. Therefore, for recommendations in nature conservation, efforts should still aim at limiting propagule addition in already invaded areas, even in well-established invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid39957326,
year = {2025},
author = {Horsák, M and Janáč, M and Zhai, M and Bojková, J},
title = {Temporal niche dynamics of spreading native invertebrates underlie doubling of richness in pristine temperate streams.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {4},
pages = {693-705},
pmid = {39957326},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {P505/23-05268S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Rivers ; Czech Republic ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {While biodiversity loss is undeniably a global phenomenon, an increase in taxonomic richness has recently been reported from some ecosystems and spatial scales. A striking increase in abundance and/or species richness has been documented from temperate rivers over the last 25 years, with many of the expanding species (i.e. winners) being native species. However, the lack of repeatedly collected local environmental data prevents the exploration of their niche dynamics and also makes it difficult to distinguish between possible causes. We fill this gap by using species occurrence data from 65 pristine Czech rivers sampled in 1997-2000 and 2015. The same methods were used for sampling macroinvertebrates and measuring environmental parameters in both periods. We selected 43 winners, defined as taxonomically validated and originally non-rare native macroinvertebrate species whose occupancy increased by at least six sites between the time periods. We searched for consistent patterns of niche dynamics (i.e. stability, expansion and restriction) among species that might contribute most to the overall increase in species richness. Using several biological traits, we also compared the winners with the other 253 taxa collected to look for differences. Analysis of the occurrence data showed that niche stability was by far the predominant pattern of the niche dynamics. This clearly indicates that the winners fill their original niches, with a limited contribution of niche shift or expansion, depending on the species. As no significant differences in either temperature preferences or the other biological traits were found between the winners and the other taxa, there is no unique set of functional traits that explain the success of the winners. The observed mechanism of filling the original niche space by the spreading native species not only explains the increase in local species richness, but also contributes to support the hypothesis of a climate-driven increase in ecosystem energy flow from a new perspective. The increased metabolism of the system may relax interspecific competition allowing it to carry more individuals and species, even without the need for an increase in nutrients and ecosystem recovery.},
}
@article {pmid39957305,
year = {2025},
author = {Franceschini, L and Dias, FGC and Miguel, BS and Zago, AC and Orsi, ML and Vitule, JRS and de Almeida, FS and Porto-Foresti, F and Balbuena, JA and Ramos, IP and Casatti, L},
title = {Eye metacercariae in invasive pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Pisces: Arapaimidae): A potential ecological sink interaction?.},
journal = {Journal of helminthology},
volume = {99},
number = {},
pages = {e30},
doi = {10.1017/S0022149X25000045},
pmid = {39957305},
issn = {1475-2697},
support = {304403/2021//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 2023/05883-0//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; },
mesh = {*Metacercariae/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Fishes/parasitology ; Brazil ; *Introduced Species ; Eye/parasitology ; *Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology ; Trematoda/anatomy &amp; histology/classification/genetics ; *Trematode Infections/parasitology/pathology ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology/pathology ; *Eye Diseases/parasitology/pathology ; Body Size ; Food Chain ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are among the main threats to global biodiversity and present the potential to disrupt host-parasite dynamics. In Brazil, the scientific reports of the occurrence of the Amazonian fish 'pirarucu' (Arapaima gigas) in the upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo state, were made in 2015. However, the effects of its introduction are still unknown, including those associated to its host-parasite relationships. As part of our studies on the possible effects of A. gigas introduction into this basin, the parasites from the eyes of 60 specimens of A. gigas were evaluated. We reported the occurrence of Austrodiplostomum compactum metacercariae (Trematoda, Diplostomidae) parasitizing the eyes of A. gigas supported by morphological and molecular data (COI mtDNA). The new partial sequences had a similarity of 100% to other sequences of Au. compactum previously deposited in Genbank. Five hosts (Prevalence = 8.33%) with a standard length between 69 and 116 cm were infected, with a mean intensity of infection of 31.8 ± 17.2 (1-93). Large infected hosts are unlikely to be a significant prey item for the definitive hosts (medium-sized piscivorous birds), and could act as an 'ecological sink', disrupting the transmission of this metacercariae. Hosts with high infection rates by these metacercariae may present cataracts, exophthalmos, and blindness, resulting in loss of visual acuity. Considering that A. gigas is a carnivorous and visual predator, the low infection observed possibly does not act as a biological filter to hinder or contain the invasion, probably presenting a low negative effect on the visual acuity of hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39956989,
year = {2025},
author = {Kołodziejczyk, J and Fijarczyk, A and Porth, I and Robakowski, P and Vella, N and Vella, A and Kloch, A and Biedrzycka, A},
title = {Genomic investigations of successful invasions: the picture emerging from recent studies.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {100},
number = {3},
pages = {1396-1418},
pmid = {39956989},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {G-BiKE: CA 18134//European Cooperation in Science and Technology/ ; 2020/37/B/NZ8/03801//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Genomics ; Animals ; Genetic Variation ; Gene Flow ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Invasion biology aims to identify traits and mechanisms that contribute to successful invasions, while also providing general insights into the mechanisms underlying population expansion and adaptation to rapid climate and habitat changes. Certain phenotypic attributes have been linked to successful invasions, and the role of genetics has been critical in understanding adaptation of invasive species. Nevertheless, a comprehensive summary evaluating the most common evolutionary mechanisms associated with successful invasions across species and environments is still lacking. Here we present a systematic review of studies since 2015 that have applied genomic tools to investigate mechanisms of successful invasions across different organisms. We examine demographic patterns such as changes in genomic diversity at the population level, the presence of genetic bottlenecks and gene flow in the invasive range. We review mechanisms of adaptation such as selection from standing genetic variation and de novo mutations, hybridisation and introgression, all of which can have an impact on invasion success. This comprehensive review of recent articles on the genomic diversity of invasive species led to the creation of a searchable database to provide researchers with an accessible resource. Analysis of this database allowed quantitative assessment of demographic and adaptive mechanisms acting in invasive species. A predominant role of admixture in increasing levels of genetic diversity enabling molecular adaptation in novel habitats is the most important finding of our study. The "genetic paradox" of invasive species was not validated in genomic data across species and ecosystems. Even though the presence of genetic drift and bottlenecks is commonly reported upon invasion, a large reduction in genomic diversity is rarely observed. Any decrease in genetic diversity is often relatively mild and almost always restored via gene flow between different invasive populations. The fact that loci under selection are frequently detected suggests that adaptation to novel habitats on a molecular level is not hindered. The above findings are confirmed herein for the first time in a semi-quantitative manner by molecular data. We also point to gaps and potential improvements in the design of studies of mechanisms driving rapid molecular adaptation in invasive populations. These include the scarcity of comprehensive studies that include sampling from multiple native and invasive populations, identification of invasion sources, longitudinal population sampling, and the integration of fitness measures into genomic analyses. We also note that the potential of whole genome studies is often not exploited fully in predicting invasive potential. Comparative genomic studies identifying genome features promoting invasions are underrepresented despite their potential for use as a tool in invasive species control.},
}
@article {pmid39955904,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, S and Chen, J and Cui, G and Zhang, B and Yan, B and Nie, Q},
title = {Environmental DNA metabarcoding: Current applications and future prospects for freshwater fish monitoring.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {376},
number = {},
pages = {124531},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124531},
pmid = {39955904},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Fishes ; Animals ; Fresh Water ; *DNA, Environmental ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Fish, as the top predators in freshwater, greatly contribute to maintain ecosystem stability. There has been a sharp decline in freshwater fish stocks due to multiple factors, both natural and anthropogenic. Effective and accurate monitoring of freshwater fish is necessary to inform on ecosystem health and guide environmental management practices. Traditional survey methods are gradually unable to meet the growing monitoring needs. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding provides a high sensitivity, fast and affordable approach for surveying and monitoring of aquatic biology. However, due to the limitations of incomplete databases and non-standardized procedures, the use of eDNA techniques for monitoring freshwater fish remains less mature compared to traditional fish monitoring methods. To systematically review the current applications and future prospects of the eDNA metabarcoding for freshwater fish monitoring, this article: (i) summarizes relevant researches on freshwater fish monitoring using eDNA technology (e.g., methodologies, resource surveys, habitat assessments, etc.) over the past decade. (ii) outlines the methodology of eDNA metabarcoding in freshwater fish monitoring, proposes a standardized process for eDNA methods, and suggests ways to eliminate detection errors. (iii) analyzes the current challenges of the eDNA metabarcoding application in resource surveys and ecological quality assessments of freshwater fish. The eDNA technology can be used as a better alternative or supplement to traditional survey methods for monitoring the diversity, biomass, population distribution, and spawning behaviors of freshwater fish, in particular, it has a prominent advantage in monitoring endangered and rare fish species. (iv) investigates the application of eDNA technology in investigating the impact of human activities and invasive species on freshwater fish, and emphasizes the eDNA's potential in assessing the impacts of water projects (e.g., dam construction or removal, water diversion project) on fish habitats, and the effectiveness of fish passage and invasive fish control efforts. (v) discusses the future prospects of eDNA-based freshwater fish monitoring, both in terms of technology and application. This review provides a guidance for the future development and application of eDNA technology in freshwater fish monitoring and ecological quality assessments.},
}
@article {pmid39955848,
year = {2025},
author = {Bels, VL and Brousse, C and Pelle, E and Guerlotté, J and Pierre, MA and Kirchhoff, F and Biro, PA},
title = {Comparative display behaviour of the native Iguana delicatissima with the non-native Iguana in the Guadeloupe Archipelago (Lesser Antilles).},
journal = {Zoology (Jena, Germany)},
volume = {169},
number = {},
pages = {126239},
doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2025.126239},
pmid = {39955848},
issn = {1873-2720},
mesh = {Animals ; Guadeloupe ; *Introduced Species ; Male ; Female ; *Iguanas/physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; *Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Territorial and mating displays are a key mechanism affecting sexual selection, species recognition, and may affect success of non-native species in the presence of closely related ones. The green Iguana (Iguana iguana) has invaded Caribbean islands from their mainland range, affecting and possibly inter-breeding with native Iguana. However, important display behaviours have not been studied, even though it may be a rare opportunity to study adaptation and evolutionary change. Here, we describe the display-action-patterns (DAP) characterising the head-bob display of the two Iguana species of the Caribbean islands Iguana delicatissima (endemic Lesser Antillean Iguana) and non-native Iguana (closely related non-native species) in the Guadeloupe Archipelago. First, the DAP sequence of non-native Iguana is completely different from mainland animals, with reversed positions of the long and short head bobs. In the non-native Iguana, two long head-bobs (>1.0 s) separated by a highly variable pause (0.1 - 2.8 s) are followed by a series of 3-7 (up to 9) rapid head bobs (<0.5 s), is followed by one phase always with two longer. In native I. delicatissima, the DAP is always initiated with a vibratory gular movement of the extended dewlap in I. delicatissima, but not in the non-native Iguana. Duration of the DAP sequence is significantly shorter in non-native Iguana, always beginning with one singular long head bob (>1.5 s) followed by 3-6 more rapid head bobs. In addition, we observed significant among individual variation in all aspects of the DAP studied, indicating the potential for natural selection to further act on head-bob displays in the non-native and native species. This study now sets the stage to for future studies to determine if behaviour is a cause or consequence of invasion success.},
}
@article {pmid39954469,
year = {2025},
author = {Bodey, TW and Cuthbert, RN and Diagne, C and Marino, C and Turbelin, A and Angulo, E and Fantle-Lepczyk, J and Pincheira-Donoso, D and Courchamp, F and Hudgins, EJ},
title = {Predicting the global economic costs of biological invasions by tetrapods.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {967},
number = {},
pages = {178425},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178425},
pmid = {39954469},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Introduced Species/economics ; Animals ; *Vertebrates/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; },
abstract = {Globalisation has accelerated rates of biological invasions worldwide, leading to widespread environmental perturbations that often translate into rapidly expanding socio-economic costs. Although such monetary costs can be estimated from the observed effects of invasions, the pathways that lead invasive species to become economically impactful remain poorly understood. Here, we implement the first global-scale test of the hypothesis that adaptive traits that influence demographic resilience predict economic costs, using invasive terrestrial vertebrates as models given their well-catalogued impacts and characteristics. Our results reveal that total global costs of invasive tetrapods are conservatively in the tens of billions of dollars, with the vast majority due to damage costs from invasive mammals. These monetary impacts are predicted by longevity, female maturation age, diet and invasion pathway traits, although the directionality in the association between impacts and these drivers varied across classes. Alarmingly, costs remain unknown for >90 % of recorded established alien tetrapods worldwide, and across the majority of invaded countries. These huge socio-economic costs demonstrate the necessity of mitigating tetrapod invasions and filling knowledge gaps. Effective identification of traits predictive of costs among and within these groups can facilitate the prioritisation of resources to efficiently target the most damaging existing and emerging invasive tetrapod species.},
}
@article {pmid39952221,
year = {2025},
author = {Peidro-Devesa, MJ and Faria, J and Costa, AC and Botelho, AZ and Martins, GM},
title = {Shifts in patterns of shell utilization by the hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus following the arrival of a non-native gastropod.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {205},
number = {},
pages = {107004},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107004},
pmid = {39952221},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anomura/physiology ; *Animal Shells ; *Introduced Species ; *Gastropoda/physiology ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Hermit crabs rely on gastropod shells for protection and survival in rocky coastal habitats. This study evaluates the arrival of the non-native Phorcus sauciatus influences patterns of shell selection of the hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus along the southern coast of São Miguel Island, Azores (NE Atlantic). Field sampling from four intertidal sites revealed that P. sauciatus accounted for 22.4% of the shells occupied by hermit crabs, marking a significant shift in shell utilization since the species introduction in 2013. Morphometric analyses compared P. sauciatus shells with four others commonly used gastropod shells, revealing that P. sauciatus provides favorable characteristics, such as a high internal-to-mass ratio, which likely enhances hermit crab survival and motility. Temporal comparisons with studies from 2000 and 2009 indicate substantial changes in shell utilization, with P. sauciatus becoming a key resource. P. sauciatus establishment provides a greater diversity of shells available to C. erythropus. This study underscores the ecological consequences of non-native species, showing how they can alter resource availability and create new exploitable niches for native species, such as hermit crabs on the rocky shores of São Miguel.},
}
@article {pmid39951944,
year = {2025},
author = {Heyse, LMI and Król, N and Rentería-Solís, Z and Langner, T and Reinhardt, NP and Pfeffer, M and Birka, S and Sebastian, PS and Obiegala, A},
title = {Tick-borne pathogens in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Germany.},
journal = {Ticks and tick-borne diseases},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {102457},
doi = {10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102457},
pmid = {39951944},
issn = {1877-9603},
mesh = {Animals ; Germany/epidemiology ; *Raccoons/microbiology ; *Tick-Borne Diseases/veterinary/epidemiology/microbiology ; Babesia/isolation &amp; purification ; Rickettsia/isolation &amp; purification ; Bartonella/isolation &amp; purification ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {Germany is harbouring the majority of Europe's raccoon population, which are considered as invasive neozoa. Many zoonotic pathogens are found in wild raccoons worldwide, but there is a lack of eco-epidemiological data for most of Germany's raccoon populations concerning tick-borne pathogens (TBPs). This is why tissue samples of 485 free-ranging raccoons originating from ten federal states of Germany between the years of 2017 and 2021 were examined for the presence of five TBPs (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Babesia spp. and Neoehrlichia mikurensis) with zoonotic relevance using molecular methods. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was detected in 21 (6.3 %) raccoons, Rickettsia spp. were found in 26 (7.8 %) and Bartonella spp. in 3 (0.6 %) raccoons. Babesia spp. and Neoehrlichia mikurensis were not detected.},
}
@article {pmid39950036,
year = {2025},
author = {Caloca, P and Suárez, D and Peña, G and Ruiz, C},
title = {First report of Trichopodapictipennis (Diptera, Tachinidae) for the Canary Islands.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e137821},
pmid = {39950036},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The genus Trichopoda Berthold, 1827 is distributed in the Neotropical and Nearctic Regions and some species are very important for biological control. During the last decades, the species Trichopodapictipennis Bigot, 1876 has received much attention. It is of Neotropical origin, but it has been introduced throughout the western Palaearctic, probably through exchanges that transported its main host, the 'southern green stink bug' Nezaraviridula.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: Trichopodapictipennis is reported for the first time from the Canary Islands. To date, this introduced species has been detected throughout the island of Tenerife and in a single locality on the island of La Gomera. This finding confirms that this species of Neotropical origin is expanding its range across the Palaearctic realm of this species of Neotropical origin. Parasitised Nezaraviridula were collected and reared under laboratory conditions to document the complete life cycle of T.pictipennis. Its potential effects on its main host, as well as on the Canary fauna, are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39949167,
year = {2025},
author = {Basiri, M and Lutscher, F and Moameni, A},
title = {Traveling waves in a free boundary problem for the spread of ecosystem engineers.},
journal = {Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {152-184},
doi = {10.3934/mbe.2025008},
pmid = {39949167},
issn = {1551-0018},
abstract = {Reaction-diffusion equations are a trusted modeling framework for the dynamics of biological populations in space and time, and their traveling wave solutions are interpreted as the density of an invasive species that spreads at constant speed. Even though certain species can significantly alter their abiotic environment for their benefit, and even though some of these so-called "ecosystem engineers" are among the most destructive invasive species, most models neglect this feedback. Here, we extended earlier work that studied traveling waves of ecosystem engineers with a logistic growth function to study the existence of traveling waves in the presence of a strong Allee effect. Our model consisted of suitable and unsuitable habitat, each a semi-infinite interval, separated by a moving interface. The speed of this boundary depended on the engineering activity of the species. On each of the intervals, we had a reaction-diffusion equation for the population density, and at the interface, we had matching conditions for density and flux. We used phase-plane analysis to detect and classify several qualitatively different types of traveling waves, most of which have previously not been described. We gave conditions for their existence for different biological scenarios of how individuals alter their abiotic environment. As an intermediate step, we studied the existence of traveling waves in a so-called "moving habitat model", which can be interpreted as a model for the effects of climate change on the spatial dynamics of populations.},
}
@article {pmid39947862,
year = {2025},
author = {Sha, Z and Chen, H and Jin, L and Zheng, Q and Lu, Y and Sido, MY and Willis, A and Liu, C and Yang, J},
title = {Evidence of global dispersal of the harmful cyanobacterium, Raphidiopsis raciborskii, in lentic freshwaters through migratory waterbirds.},
journal = {Harmful algae},
volume = {142},
number = {},
pages = {102786},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2024.102786},
pmid = {39947862},
issn = {1878-1470},
mesh = {Animals ; *Animal Migration ; *Fresh Water/microbiology ; *Cyanobacteria/physiology ; *Ducks/microbiology/physiology ; *Birds/physiology ; },
abstract = {The cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii has received much attention due to its global distribution and toxin production in freshwater. However, research on understanding the potential factors facilitating its geographical spread, the pattern of increasing range, and long-distance dispersal (LDD) of this species is very limited. In this study, we investigated the role of migratory waterbirds (using domesticated ducks as a proxy) and reservoirs (lentic waterbodies) in global distribution or dispersal of R. raciborskii. First, the global distribution of R. raciborskii under different reservoir scenarios was assessed through meta-analysis. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the global occurrence of R. raciborskii and the global number of reservoirs. Second, testing the capacity of R. raciborskii to spread via endozoochory or ectozoochory with ducks as a proxy of migratory waterbirds. The results indicated that R. raciborskii could be potentially dispersed through ectozoochory but not endozoochory, with a maximum carrying time of ∼96 hours corresponding to a maximum dispersal distance of ∼2300 km. In addition, the duck-carried R. raciborskii survived and could establish populations under suitable conditions. This study provides experimental evidence for the R. raciborskii dispersal through waterbirds. Overall, our results highlight that artificial reservoirs promote the increase of R. raciborskii populations, which could be dispersed across long distance via waterbird ectozoochory, thereby increasing the geographical range of R. raciborskii.},
}
@article {pmid39946875,
year = {2025},
author = {Nikki, R and Abdul Jaleel, KU and Abdul Razaque, MA and Gupta, P and Rathore, C and Saha, M and Ramzi, A and Gireesh Kumar, TR},
title = {Assessment of hazardous microplastic polymers and phthalic acid esters in an invasive mollusk (Mytella strigata) from the Cochin estuary, southwest coast of India: Unraveling ecosystem risks.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {967},
number = {},
pages = {178798},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178798},
pmid = {39946875},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Estuaries ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; India ; Introduced Species ; *Microplastics/analysis ; *Mytilidae/chemistry ; *Phthalic Acids/analysis ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Animals ; *Environmental Monitoring/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Hazardous Substances/analysis ; },
abstract = {This paper characterizes the abundance, chemical characteristics, and potential hazards of microplastics (MPs) in water, sediment, and Mytella strigata from the Cochin Estuary (CE). In parallel, concentrations of plastic additives such as PAEs were measured in M. strigata to explore a possible relationship with MP contamination levels. A 100 % prevalence of MPs was observed with abundances ranging from 900 ± 100 to 1850 ± 150 particles/m[3] in water and 540 ± 90 (CBM) to 1180 ± 320 particles/kg in sediment respectively. Marked spatial variations in abundance and composition of MPs were noted within the study area in relation to the hydrodynamic conditions and geographic location. Microplastic (MP) abundance in M. strigata varied from 3.8 ± 3 to 9.3 ± 5 particles/ind. in digestive (D) and 3.1 ± 2 to 7.8 ± 4 particles/ind. in non-digestive (ND) parts; and was related to the ambient concentration and composition. The abundance of MPs also showed a positive relation with the size of the organism. Fiber was the most abundant morphotype in the water and the organisms, while fragments dominated in sediment. Transparent, red, black, and blue were the dominant colors recovered from the study. The prevalence of smaller-sized (<2 mm) MPs indicates greater bioavailability to biota. The low pollution load index (PLI) implies a lower risk level (level I) in the study area, while the high polymer risk index (PHI>100) underlines the ecological risk associated with polymers, even at minimal concentrations. The study analyzed over 70 % of MPs qualitatively and identified 38 diverse polymers such as PVC, PAM, PA 6, UP, PVAL, PC. The ∑14 PAE congeners were quantified in the tissue of M. strigata; among them, DnBP, DIBP, DEEP, DMPP, DPP, DBEP, DEHP, and DEP are the dominant PAEs. This study illustrates that a major portion of PAEs in M. strigata are derived from MPs, considerably impacting the quality and quantity of such bioresources. This study is the first of its kind from the region, and the species selected (M. strigata) is found to be an ideal species for the in-situ and ex-situ studies of MPs, owing to its cosmopolitan distribution, sedentary and suspension feeding habit, and tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions. Furthermore, quantitative estimation of PAEs is proposed as an indicator of MP contamination in the aquatic environment.},
}
@article {pmid39946550,
year = {2025},
author = {Blanchette, RA and Rajtar, NN and Yandrasits, H and Stephens, KC and Held, BW},
title = {Aquatic Xylaria: an exotic fungus introduced into the United States on aquarium decorative wood.},
journal = {Mycologia},
volume = {117},
number = {2},
pages = {213-221},
doi = {10.1080/00275514.2025.2451522},
pmid = {39946550},
issn = {1557-2536},
mesh = {*Water Microbiology ; United States ; *Wood/microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Phylogeny ; Minnesota ; Colorado ; Ecosystem ; DNA, Fungal ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; *Fresh Water/microbiology ; *Xylariales/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; Ascomycota ; },
abstract = {This study examined fungi with Xylaria-like morphology on submerged decorative wood in freshwater aquariums in Minnesota and Colorado. The wood was sold in retail stores in the United States but originated from Asia. The submerged wood had black stromatic melanized structures with white tips that grew out from the wood. As colonization progressed, the fungus produced more melanized structures along the entire length of the wood and moved to new wood placed in the aquariums. Cut segments from the fungal structures and from the colonized wood were cultured in malt extract agar supplemented with antibiotics. Pure cultures obtained were used for DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed using ITS1F-ITS4. Sequences were compared against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide database using BLASTn. Isolates from the fungal structures and wood obtained from the Minnesota and Colorado aquariums were all found to be Xylaria apoda, a fungus not previously reported from the United States. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the aquarium isolates of Xylaria cluster within a well-supported clade of Xylaria apoda. These Xylaria had grown in a completely aquatic habitat, producing fruiting body-like structures for several years in the freshwater aquariums. Asexual spores were not observed but may have been disseminated into the water as they are formed. Asci and ascospores were also not observed. Xylaria apoda has been reported only from Asia, and it is usually found in terrestrial habitats. This report adds to our knowledge of Xylaria that can grow in a completely underwater environment and focuses attention on an avenue for exotic fungi to be brought into new countries where they are not native. These results also contribute to the growing body of evidence that X. apoda is an ecologically versatile species, capable of thriving in diverse environments, including artificial habitats such as freshwater aquariums.},
}
@article {pmid39945881,
year = {2025},
author = {Ibrahim, MH and Jaafar, S},
title = {Variation on water quality of Kerangas forest streams due to invasion of Acacia.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {3},
pages = {291},
doi = {10.1007/s10661-025-13749-5},
pmid = {39945881},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {UBD/BRC/11//Brunei Research Council/ ; UBD/PNC2/2/RG/1(204//Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD) research grant/ ; },
mesh = {*Acacia ; *Introduced Species ; *Forests ; *Rivers/chemistry ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Water Quality ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Nitrates/analysis ; Salinity ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Acacia invasion has shown a negative impact on the water resources of forest streams. Therefore, studies need to be conducted demonstrating the importance of managing invasive species to preserve stream and forest ecosystems. This study investigates the effects of Acacia invasion on the water quality of Kerangas forest streams in Brunei. Water samples were collected from an Acacia-invaded (IN) stream and a non-invaded (NIN) stream during the dry season at three locations along each stream. Water properties, including pH, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, and nitrite, were analyzed using in situ and laboratory methods. The results showed that Acacia invasion significantly increased pH (from 4.01 to 5.68), nitrate (by 256%), and phosphate (by 250%) levels, while reducing conductivity (by 208%) and salinity (by 20%) compared to non-invaded streams. These findings suggest that Acacia invasion alters water chemistry, potentially posing risks to aquatic ecosystems. Effective management strategies, such as controlling Acacia spread and restoring native vegetation, are essential to mitigate these impacts and preserve forest water resources.},
}
@article {pmid39945845,
year = {2025},
author = {Dubey, S and Pellaud, S and Furrer, S and Dufresnes, C},
title = {Unsuspected diversity and multiple origins of the frog legs imported to Switzerland for human consumption, as determined by DNA barcoding and morphology.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {112},
number = {2},
pages = {17},
pmid = {39945845},
issn = {1432-1904},
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Switzerland ; Humans ; *Ranidae/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics/classification ; Phylogeography ; *Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The frog leg industry relies on a global, largely underregulated market with potentially important ecological impact such as the uncontrolled harvest of declining wild populations and the introduction of invasive species. Here, we inferred the taxonomic nature and geographic origins of frog legs imported to Switzerland by DNA barcoding. Out of 34 samples, we retrieved eight distinct lineages attributed to five species from four genera, namely Hoplobatrachus rugulosus from Vietnam, Fejervarya cancrivora from Indonesia (invasive on several Pacific islands), two phylogeographic lineages of Limnonectes macrodon from Western and Central Java, L. kadarsani from eastern Indonesia, and three phylogeographic lineages of Pelophylax ridibundus from northern and central southern Turkey (invasive in Western Europe). Only the first two species were correctly declared, which is particularly problematic to track down harvests of the declining and geographically restricted Limnonectes taxa. In this respect, we show that the three Asian genera can be reliably distinguished by basic measurements of the frog legs, which could be used in future forensic controls. Our study calls for more stringent international regulations of the frog trade, including shipment monitoring to document the relative abundance of harvested species and ensure the sustainability of their wild populations.},
}
@article {pmid39944913,
year = {2025},
author = {Arranz, I and Nally, RM and García-Berthou, E},
title = {Variable Importance Measures Suggest Paramount Influence of Human Economics on Alien-Species Introductions.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e70965},
pmid = {39944913},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Identifying the most important variables that determine patterns and processes is one of the main goals in many scientific fields, including ecological and evolutionary studies. Variable or relative importance is generally seen as the proportion of the variation in a response variable explained directly and indirectly by a specific predictor. Although partial regression coefficients are perhaps the most frequently used, 'standard', statistical technique in ecological and evolutionary studies, they are inadequate indices of variable importance when predictors are intercorrelated, which tends to be the rule in most observational data sets. Among other statistical techniques, random forests and hierarchical partitioning are designed to cope with collinearity but are still much less used than beta weights to measure variable importance. Here, we compared random forests and hierarchical partitioning with linear mixed models to attempt to unravel the individual and shared variation of environmental, economic, and human population factors with success of alien species richness in eight taxonomic groups at a global scale. Results showed that random forests and hierarchical partitioning generally agreed in ranking variable importance but showed considerably different conclusions to the standard statistical approach. Specifically, random forests and hierarchical partitioning attached more importance to economic and human population variables in explaining spatial patterns of alien species richness than did region area and mean air temperature, which were emphasized more by the standard approach. Beta weights also tended to highlight less correlated predictors, such as sampling effort and precipitation. Variable importance in random forests attached more importance to economic than population variables and to absolute rather than relative predictors. In conclusion, using variable importance measures enable to better identify the most significant drivers of biological invasions but it can also be applied to other biological and scientific questions, leading to tackle more efficient management and conservation decisions in global change research.},
}
@article {pmid39944215,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith-Pardo, AH and Torres, KM and Paula-Moraes, SV},
title = {Validation of wing geometric morphometrics in Chrysodeixis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to support pest identification in invasive species survey programs.},
journal = {Frontiers in insect science},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1542467},
pmid = {39944215},
issn = {2673-8600},
abstract = {Looper moths of the genus Chrysodeixis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) are important pests of many crops and native plants worldwide. Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) is listed as an invasive species for the United States with records of interception. Native species of the Plusiinae subfamily are morphologically similar and commonly cross-attracted in survey trapping programs for C. chalcites, such as Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), a native economic pest. The species identification relies on male genitalia dissection and DNA analysis. These processes are time and cost-consuming and require expertise. In this work, we evaluated the use of wing geometric morphometrics (GM) as a tool to overcome the identification challenges associated with the complex morphologies of Chrysodeixis spp. The cleaned wings of specimens with validated identification were photographed under a digital microscope, and seven venation landmarks were annotated from the images. The digital coordinates of the wing landmarks were analyzed in MorphoJ. Our results validated the use of GM for distinguishing the invasive C. chalcites from the native C. includens. A limited number of landmarks on the center of the wing was used to address the challenges in GM for trap-collected lepidopteran pests. Future automation of the novel application of GM for identifying C. includens can be explored in trapping systems for IPM and surveys for the invasive C. chalcites.},
}
@article {pmid39943749,
year = {2025},
author = {Rochat, EC and Marle, P and Pozet, F and Blasco-Costa, I},
title = {Potentially zoonotic parasite arrives to continental France: Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Digenea) infection in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Doubs River (Jura).},
journal = {Folia parasitologica},
volume = {72},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39943749},
issn = {1803-6465},
mesh = {Animals ; *Perches/parasitology ; France/epidemiology ; *Fish Diseases/parasitology/epidemiology ; *Trematoda/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification/physiology ; *Trematode Infections/veterinary/epidemiology/parasitology ; Rivers ; Zoonoses/parasitology ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) is known as a food-borne zoonotic parasite using freshwater fish as intermediate host, although in its native distribution area in Europe, the Danube and Po basins and the northeast of Italy, no cases have been reported. This study reports a new geographic location outside the native distribution range of this parasite. We detected high infection levels of C. complanatum in wild perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus) from the Doubs River in continental France. Clinostomum complanatum reached a prevalence of 97% and mean intensity of 5.8 cysts per fish in 33 fish examined, with most fish already infected by the age of two years. No correlations were observed between fish traits (standard length, weight, age and sex) and the number of parasites. The distribution of C. complanatum cysts in the fish body was not random. The tissue surrounding the opercula and branchial cavity, and muscles along the lateral line and near the pectoral, dorsal and caudal fins were the preferred sites of infection. Morphological identification was confirmed with molecular data. The French specimens shared identical mt cox1 haplotypes with specimens from Italy. The distribution of this exotic parasite in freshwaters in continental France deserves further research. Under the current French law, the parasite occurrence represents an economic loss for the local freshwater aquaculture industry, and a possible zoonotic risk for consumers if undetected, especially when raw or marinated fish is consumed. We provided a list of all reported hosts for C. complanatum from the western Palaearctic, discussed the knowledge gap regarding the zoonotic risk of C. complanatum in Europe, and highlighted the lack of policy that may increase the hazards posed by food-borne emerging parasites and their broader ecological impacts as alien species in freshwaters in Europe.},
}
@article {pmid39943199,
year = {2025},
author = {Luzardo, OP and Hansen, A and Martín-Cruz, B and Macías-Montes, A and Travieso-Aja, MDM},
title = {Integrating Conservation and Community Engagement in Free-Roaming Cat Management: A Case Study from a Natura 2000 Protected Area.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39943199},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {S2024/13//Cabildo de Lanzarote/ ; PIFULPGC-2020-CCSALUD-1//University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria/ ; },
abstract = {La Graciosa, a Natura 2000 site in the Canary Islands, faces substantial conservation challenges, including a large free-roaming cat population that threatens the island's native biodiversity. In July 2024, a Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) campaign achieved an 81.4% sterilization rate within urban areas, highlighting TNR's short-term effectiveness in reducing reproductive potential and, consequently, mitigating predation pressures primarily through the prevention of new litters and reduced reproductive activity in cats. The campaign's success relied heavily on the active involvement of the local community, who assisted with identifying, trapping, and monitoring free-roaming cats, thereby facilitating a high sterilization rate. However, administrative restrictions hindered access to peri-urban zones, leaving essential population clusters unsterilized and limiting the campaign's overall scope. Additionally, strong opposition from conservation groups, amplified by extensive media coverage, halted the project prematurely, reducing the effective sterilization rate to 69.3% within three months. Population Viability Analysis (PVA) suggests that achieving high sterilization rates could lead to population reduction over time; however, the inability to access all population segments and to reach the ideal 93-95% sterilization threshold limits TNR's potential as a long-term standalone solution. Our findings underscore the need for adaptive, context-specific management frameworks in ecologically sensitive areas that integrate TNR with complementary measures, consider regulatory barriers, and value community involvement. This case study provides crucial insights for policymakers and conservationists seeking to balance biodiversity conservation with humane management practices in protected areas.},
}
@article {pmid39943125,
year = {2025},
author = {Mauro, M and Longo, F and Lo Valvo, M and Vizzini, A and Di Grigoli, A and Radovic, S and Arizza, V and Vecchioni, L and La Paglia, L and Queiroz, V and Ponte, M and Gargano, C and Ciaccio, PSF and Vicari, D and Vazzana, M},
title = {The Use of Environmental DNA as Preliminary Description of Invertebrate Diversity in Three Sicilian Lakes.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39943125},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2014-2020-DM 1062/202//European Union-FESR o FSE, PON Ricerca e Innovazione/ ; },
abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems are among the most severely affected environments by species loss caused by climate change and intense anthropogenic pressure. To preserve biodiversity, biomonitoring plays a key role by providing reliable data on biological diversity and ecological status. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a powerful and non-invasive alternative to traditional morphology-based sampling and identification methods. This study represents the first application of eDNA analysis to assess the invertebrate communities in three Sicilian Lakes: Poma, Piana degli Albanesi and Scanzano. Water samples were collected at two points in each lake and after filtration with nitrocellulose membranes, eDNA was extracted and metabarcoding analysis was performed. A total of 27 species were identified, belonging to Phyla of Annelida, Arthropoda and Rotifera. Notably, the analysis revealed the presence of alien species (Daphnia parvula and Acanthocyclops americanus), a dangerous species associated with the transmission of viral diseases (Culex pipiens), and potential new records for Sicily (Stylaria lacustris, Platypalpus exilis, Pammene aurana, Limnephilus rhombicus). These results provide a preliminary snapshot of invertebrate biodiversity at these sites, demonstrating how eDNA has the potential to complement, but not replace, traditional methods, contributing to the assessment of ecosystem status.},
}
@article {pmid39943028,
year = {2025},
author = {Purmalis, O and Klavins, L and Niedrite, E and Mezulis, M and Klavins, M},
title = {Invasive Plants as a Source of Polyphenols with High Radical Scavenging Activity.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39943028},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Post-doctoral research project number 1.1.1.2/VIAA/4/20/723//the European Regional Development Fund/ ; },
abstract = {The wide occurrence and expansive nature of invasive plant species are worldwide problems because these plants by their competitive character can lead to the loss of biodiversity. As a result, they significantly disrupt ecosystems, create economic damage and threats to human health, and diminish the quality of recreational resources. Therefore, sustainable, bio-based solutions are needed for their control, focusing on the utilization of their biomass after eradication. To better understand the potential application possibilities of invasive plants and their potential role in bioeconomy, species such as Lupinus polyphyllus-Lindl., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden, Solidago canadensis L., Echinocystis lobata (Michx.), and Elodea canadensis Michx. were studied. These plants are not only widely spread but also form dense mono-stands and produce substantial amounts of biomass, which provides more options for their harvesting. In particular, their composition was analysed to assess the feasibility of their use for bioactive compound extraction. The amount of total polyphenols and flavonoids was determined in various parts of the studied invasive plants, and their corresponding radical scavenging activities were determined using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC. The studied invasive plants are rich sources of polyphenols, and the highest concentrations were found in Impatiens glandulifera leaves, reaching a concentration of 7.78-11.75 g GAE/100 g DW, but in Lupinus polyphyllus, the highest concentrations of polyphenols were identified in the extracts of the flowers (12.77 g GAE/100 g DW) and leaves (11.88 g GAE/100 g DW) of the plant. Among the various plant parts studied, the leaves and flowers consistently showed the highest concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as the greatest antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. These findings underscore the potential of invasive plant biomass as a source of valuable bioactive substances, particularly polyphenols, after the eradication of these invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid39943020,
year = {2025},
author = {Ji, Q and Kowalski, KP and Golenberg, EM and Chung, SH and Barker, ND and Bickford, WA and Gong, P},
title = {Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Delivery of Gene-Silencing Nucleic Acids to the Invasive Common Reed Phragmites australis via Foliar Application.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39943020},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Not available//Great Lakes Restoration Initiative/ ; },
abstract = {As a popular tool for gene function characterization and gene therapy, RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing has been increasingly explored for potential applications to control invasive species. At least two major hurdles exist when applying this approach to invasive plants: (1) the design and screening of species- and gene-specific biomacromolecules (i.e., gene-silencing agents or GSAs) made of DNA, RNA, or peptides that can suppress the expression of target genes efficiently, and (2) the delivery vehicle needed to penetrate plant cell walls and other physical barriers (e.g., leaf cuticles). In this study, we investigated the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated delivery of multiple types of GSAs (e.g., double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), artificial microRNA (amiRNA), and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)) to knock down a putative phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in the invasive common reed (Phragmites australis spp. australis). Both microscopic and quantitative gene expression evidence demonstrated the CPP-mediated internalization of GSA cargos and transient suppression of PDS expression in both treated and systemic leaves up to 7 days post foliar application. Although various GSA combinations and application rates and frequencies were tested, we observed limitations, including low gene-silencing efficiency and a lack of physiological trait alteration, likely owing to low CPP payload capacity and the incomplete characterization of the PDS-coding genes (e.g., the recent discovery of two PDS paralogs) in P. australis. Our work lays a foundation to support further research toward the development of convenient, cost-effective, field-deployable, and environmentally benign gene-silencing technologies for invasive P. australis management.},
}
@article {pmid39943012,
year = {2025},
author = {Alessandrini, A and Adorni, M and Buldrini, F and Montanari, S and Morelli, V and Pellizzari, M and Sirotti, M and Bosi, G},
title = {Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39943012},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {CUP E93C22001090001, Project title "National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC"//National Recovery and Resilience Plan/ ; },
abstract = {Urban flora is a more and more interesting research subject, in light of the ongoing environmental change and biological homogenisation, since urban contexts are much more diversified that natural ones and, therefore, they offer much more colonisation possibilities to allochthonous species or unexpected refuges for endangered species. We have, therefore, added our own contribution by analysing the spontaneous vascular flora of 7 cities of the Emilia-Romagna Po Plain (northern Italy), one of the more culturally and economically developed areas in Europe. The global floristic list was 1305 species, spanning from 432 to 756 species in each individual city; 219 of them were constantly present in all cities examined. A notable richness in phytosociological classes (43 out of 75 known for the entire national territory) was observed. Therophytes were 35.4% of the spectrum, followed by hemicryptophytes, phanerophytes and geophytes. Eurasian and Mediterranean species dominated (average values 30 and 27%, respectively); exotic species were 26.8%, in line with the strong floristic pollution of Emilia-Romagna, with neophytes always prevailing over archaeophytes. Among neophytes, 44.8% came from the Americas and 26.2% from Asia. Some hydro-hygrophilous and halophilous species were found, owing to the presence of watercourses crossing the urban areas and coastal wetlands bordering one of the towns. The species new for the flora of Italy or Emilia-Romagna were 32, of which 24 were allochthonous. The species protected at a regional or national level were hardly present, which is normal in artificial environments. Despite the inevitable differences in exploration intensity and effort, this synthesis offers a picture of the contribution given by anthropogenic habitats to the global biological richness of the territory.},
}
@article {pmid39943008,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammed, S and Steinbrecher, T and Leubner-Metzger, G and Mummenhoff, K},
title = {Differential Primary Seed and Fruit Dispersal Mechanisms and Dispersal Biomechanics in Invasive Dehiscent and Indehiscent-Fruited Lepidium Species.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39943008},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {(MU 1137/8-2)//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG/ ; NA//Georg F&#xf6;rster Postdoctoral Research Grant (Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung)/ ; BB/M000583/1//Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, BBSRC/ ; },
abstract = {This study explores primary dispersal, which involves diaspores' detachment directly from mature plants, and secondary dispersal, which encompasses any further dispersal occurring after the primary dispersal. A comparison of the primary dispersal vectors of the invasive dehiscent fruit producing Lepidium campestre and the indehiscent fruit producing Lepidium draba was conducted. These vectors were examined in relation to the native and introduced distribution ranges of the species, and regarding biomechanical forces required detaching the fruits from mature plants. Our findings reveal that rainfall and animal contact serve as primary dispersal vectors for Lepidium campestre, while animal contact is rarely involved in primary dispersal of Lepidium draba. Primary dispersal is more important for Lepidium campestre than Lepidium draba, which requires significantly greater force for fruit detachment. While previous studies indicate wind and rainfall as major secondary dispersal vectors for Lepidium draba, our results suggest secondary dispersal via mucilage on seeds is more crucial for this species. The strong reliance of Lepidium draba on secondary dispersal, enabling long-distance dispersal, could contribute to its invasion success, linking it to the species' geographic distribution. Understanding these different dispersal strategies is essential for effective management of invasive species.},
}
@article {pmid39942869,
year = {2025},
author = {Peruzzi, L and Pierini, B and Arduini, I and Bedini, G and Franzoni, J},
title = {The Vascular Flora of Pisa (Tuscany, Central Italy).},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39942869},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {H43C22000530001//Ministero dell'universit&#xe0; e della ricerca/ ; },
abstract = {We present the first vascular flora of the municipality of Pisa. The floristic inventory was built on previous literature and field observations deposited in the online database Wikiplantbase #Toscana, integrated by observations from iNaturalist. The established flora of Pisa includes a total of 1404 specific and subspecific taxa (594 genera, 123 families), out of which 112 are alien species. Silene subconica is excluded from the regional flora of Tuscany, while Solanum nitidibaccatum is reported as a new regional casual alien, and the regional alien status of Salpichroa origanifolia shifts from naturalized to invasive. Native taxa exceed species-area predictions by 33.3%, attesting for a high floristic richness, and there are taxa of high biogeographical and conservation interest. However, also alien taxa exceed predictions by 34.9%, and there are many invasive species, pointing out a high anthropogenic impact in the territory of Pisa, mostly due to urbanization. The biological and chorological spectra reflect the coexistence of typical Mediterranean and central European habitats in this territory, especially within the Migliarino-San Rossore-Massaciuccoli Regional Park. The vascular flora of the municipality is quite rich, although threatened by anthropic pressures, fostering the arrival and establishment of invasive alien species.},
}
@article {pmid39939810,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Yang, L and Liu, Y and Chen, Y and Zhang, Y and Chu, D},
title = {Rapid on-site differentiation of two invasive whitefly cryptic species using LAMP.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5261},
pmid = {39939810},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2022YFD1401200//The National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 24-1-8-xdny-10-nsh//The Science and Technology Benefiting the People Demonstration Project of Qingdao/ ; tstp20221135//The Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/genetics/classification ; *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; *Introduced Species ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a promising technique for detecting pest species used on the spot due to its simplicity and rapidity. The whitefly is regarded as a species complex encompassing over 44 cryptic species. These species are morphologically indistinguishable but exhibit notable differences in their biological traits. Among them, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED are the most invasive and devastating members. Accurately and quickly distinguishing between these two invasive whiteflies in the field directly affects the implementation of control measures. However, it is often difficult to directly distinguish between the two when they occur together in the field and require extensive specialist knowledge or instrumentation. However, one of the limitations of the current LAMP is that the reaction mixture requires cold chain, which is not ideal for the detection on the spot. To promote its actual application of LAMP on the spot, the LAMP methods to differentiate B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED were developed in the laboratory, and Trialeurodes vaporariorum was used as a negative control. Then the effect of the preservation condition (room temperature and low temperature) of the reaction mixture on the efficiency of LAMP was compared. The study showed that the application of B. tabaci MED- and MEAM1- LAMP reaction mixture can differentiate B. tabaci MEAM1, B. tabaci MED, and T. vaporariorum after low-temperature preservation for more than 24 h. Finally, we validated the method with temperature-controlled hot-water cup in the field and proved its effectiveness when applied to the field. The results demonstrated that the low-temperature preservation of reaction mixture provides available technical support for the application of LAMP on the spot.},
}
@article {pmid39939556,
year = {2025},
author = {Rawat, P and Singh, O and Thapliyal, M and Verma, PK and Singh, I and Kumar, R and Dobhal, S and Singh, R and Singh, R and Kumar, A and Nirala, D},
title = {Assessment of population ecology and potential habitat modelling of Schleichera oleosa in Uttarakhand Himalaya of India: implications for management and conservation.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {3},
pages = {278},
pmid = {39939556},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {India ; *Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Trees ; Introduced Species ; Forests ; },
abstract = {Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken is an important tree species and holds great ecological and economical importance in the lower Western Himalaya of India. Unfortunately, its populations in the region are facing decline due to range of natural (extreme weather/edaphic conditions and invasion of invasive alien species) and human-induced disturbances (grazing, lopping for fodder and fuel wood consumption). To address this issue, a study was conducted in the Doon Valley of the lower Western Himalaya to evaluate the population status and regeneration pattern of this species. Additionally, the study aimed to identify and map the potential habitat of the Indian lac tree in this region. Therefore, a detailed vegetation study was conducted using the stratified random sampling procedure at elevations between 250 and 1000 m. The relative values of frequency, density, and abundance were used to determine the importance value index (IVI) for tree species. These IVI data was further used to re-congregate the quadrates to know the forest association; following this the multivariate analysis was conducted using PAST 4.0 software to group vegetation into different catagories. In the present study, we categorized the tree species into 8 distinct plant associations as Anogeissus - Lannea - Adina, Lannea - Mallotous - Schleichera, Schleichera - Lannea - Syzygium, Schleichera - Anogeissus - Adina, Holoptelea - Lagerstroemia - Schleichera, Schleichera - Cordia - Albizia, Shorea - Mallotous - Cassia, and Azadirachta - Senegalia - Tectona association on the basis of species dominance. The study observed a total of 177 species in S. oleosa forests, including both native and exotic species. Among these, 89 species (50.28%) were classified as trees, 31 species (17.51%) as shrubs, 37 species (20.90%) as herbs, and 20 species (11.30%) as climbers. In various associations, the overall density of S. oleosa trees ranged from 16 to 86 individuals per hectare, while the total tree density ranged from 213 to 540 individuals per hectare. The maximum density of saplings for S. oleosa was recorded as 253 individuals per hectare, while for seedlings, it was 2750 individuals per hectare. Of the eight association types that have existed in the area, the Azadirachta - Senegalia - Tectona association showed a complete failure of regeneration (absence of seedlings or saplings), while the Holoptelea - Lagerstroemia - Schleichera, Schleichera - Cordia - Albizia and Shorea - Mallotous - Cassia association showed absence of saplings. In order to create a species conservation and management plan, we utilized the MaxEnt model to develop a potential distribution map for the species. The results obtained from this model were quite satisfactory, with an AUC mean of 0.929. The model determined that an area of 152.85 km[2] is highly suitable for the species and could potentially be utilized for species reintroduction. Moreover, the present study emphasizes the importance of regularly monitoring species populations to effectively plan the conservation and restoration efforts. It also highlights the need to develop standardized propagation techniques for mass multiplication, conserve species both in their natural habitats and in controlled environments, and raise awareness about these species among the local community.},
}
@article {pmid39939387,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, G and Liu, R and Yin, C and Chen, Y and Pang, A and Ji, Q and Wei, M and Guo, H and Shen, Y and Wang, F and Hou, S and Zhang, H and Jiang, S and Tang, B and Zhang, D and Chen, L},
title = {Transcriptome analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the dormancy-arousal process in Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5258},
pmid = {39939387},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {32270487//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Snails/genetics/physiology ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Transcriptome ; Stress, Physiological/genetics ; *Arousal/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {The apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819), a freshwater snail listed as a pernicious invasive alien species by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), has caused serious agricultural and ecological harm worldwide. This species has inflicted significant agricultural and ecological damage on a global scale. Under conditions of extreme environmental stress, the apple snail enters a state of dormancy and remains in this dormant phase until environmental conditions become favorable again, which serves as a crucial survival strategy. In our study, we subjected apple snails to 30 days of air-exposure stress followed by rehydration to reactivate them. Our objective was to elucidate the underlying mechanisms associated with drought tolerance, dormancy, and subsequent arousal based on transcriptomic analyses. The results indicated that the groups subjected to 5-, 15- and 30-day air-exposure stress treatments (DRY05, DRY15 and DRY30) exhibited a general down-regulation of metabolism-related pathways. These pathways included starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and glycosaminoglycan degradation, compared with the control (CK). In addition, the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified two critical pathways: toll-like receptor signaling pathway and adherens junction. The down-regulation of these pathways indicated a decrease in immune levels during dormancy in apple snails. This may further lead to the inhibition of apoptosis and a reduction in energy expenditure, thereby sustaining vital activities. The up-regulation of intercellular adhesion and immune-related pathways upon reawakening (RCY01) further substantiates the presence of this tolerance mechanism during dormancy in the apple snail. This study provides a reference for understanding the tolerance of apple snails to extreme environments, and provides a basic theory for apple snail biocontrol research.},
}
@article {pmid39939372,
year = {2025},
author = {Bury, S and Dyderski, MK},
title = {Invasive tree species affect terricolous bryophytes biomass and biodiversity in nutrient-poor but not nutrient-rich temperate forests.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5272},
pmid = {39939372},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2019/35/B/NZ8/01381//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
mesh = {*Biomass ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; *Trees/physiology ; *Bryophyta/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Forests ; Nutrients ; },
abstract = {Although invasive tree species pose a significant threat to biodiversity, their impact on terricolous bryophytes has been insufficiently recognized. In addition, almost all previous studies focused on differences between invaded and uninvaded stands, not accounting for the effect of invader abundance. Here we aimed to assess the impact of Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia on terricolous bryophytes on nutrient-poor (Pinus sylvestris stands) and nutrient-rich (Quercus spp. stands) sites, along a gradient of invader biomass. We assessed the cover and species richness of bryophytes by vegetation surveys in 160 study plots (100 m[2]) and biomass in eight 0.264 m[2] circular subplots. Both tree species affected the cover and biomass of bryophytes, while R. pseudoacacia also reduced species richness. Although we did not confirm their impact on species composition except R. pseudoacacia in nutrient-poor sites, we revealed the negative individual responses of three species to invader biomass: Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum polysetum, and D. scoparium. However, these impacts occurred only on nutrient-poor sites, but not on nutrient-rich sites. We provided the first quantitative assessment of P. serotina and R. pseudoacacia impacts on terricolous bryophytes along its biomass gradient. We showed low vulnerability of terricolous bryophytes in nutrient-rich broadlevaed sites while high in nutrient-poor coniferous sites, showing that there is no safe level of invader biomass.},
}
@article {pmid39938737,
year = {2025},
author = {Terblanche, JS and Woods, HA},
title = {Editorial 2025: Changes and the future of JIP.},
journal = {Journal of insect physiology},
volume = {161},
number = {},
pages = {104772},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104772},
pmid = {39938737},
issn = {1879-1611},
}
@article {pmid39938586,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, J and Hu, Y and Zhang, Y and He, B and Wang, J and Li, Y and Li, C},
title = {Polyethylene microplastics inhibit the growth and reproduction of Colorado potato beetle and the predation efficiency of Stinkbug.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {369},
number = {},
pages = {125840},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125840},
pmid = {39938586},
issn = {1873-6424},
mesh = {Animals ; *Microplastics/toxicity ; *Coleoptera/physiology/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Reproduction/drug effects ; *Polyethylene/toxicity ; Predatory Behavior/drug effects ; Food Chain ; Solanum tuberosum ; Heteroptera/physiology ; Larva/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Microplastics, as an environmental pollutant, are receiving increasing attention due to their ubiquitous presence in ecosystems and their ability to transfer and accumulate through food chains. Although it is well known that microplastics can enter plants through nutrient and water uptake by plant roots, the effects of microplastics on the growth, development and predation efficiency of herbivorous insects and predatory natural enemies after transfer from plants are still lacking. In order to investigate the impacts of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) on the growth, reproduction of herbivorous insects and the predation efficiency of their predatory natural enemies, the quarantine pest globally - Leptinotarsa decemlineata and its predatory natural enemy - the Arma chinensis were selected as the research objects. Constructed a transfer system of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) soil - potato plants - L. decemlineata and PE-MPs feed - Tenebrio molitor - A. chinensis. The key attention is paid to the reproduction, growth, and development of the L. decemlineata, as well as changes in the predation behavior and ability of A. chinensis against the L. decemlineata. We found that PE-MPs treatment reduced the egg production of adult L. decemlineata, prolonged their developmental time, and decreased their survival rate. Additionally, it extended the resting time, searching time, paralyzing time, and the latent period of A. chinensis, while decreasing the predation amount of A. chinensis on L. decemlineata larvae. Although the effects of PE-MPs on the growth and reproduction of L. decemlineata and the predatory efficiency of armpit A. chinensis were limited, our study still revealed the adverse effects of PE-MPs on phytophagous pests and predatory natural enemies. Finally, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain uncertain, necessitating further research to assess whether microplastics have potential long-term impacts on interactions between herbivorous insects and their predatory enemies. Collectively, these studies provide new insights into the effects of microplastics on herbivorous insects and predatory natural enemies.},
}
@article {pmid39938295,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhuo, W and Wu, N and Shi, R and Cui, Y and Zhang, C and Liu, S and Zhu, F and Zhang, B and Liu, P},
title = {Assessing the impacts of reclamation and invasion on ecological dynamics of coastal wetland vegetation in the Yangtze Estuary from 1985 to 2019:A case study of Chongming Island, China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {376},
number = {},
pages = {124505},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124505},
pmid = {39938295},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; China ; *Estuaries ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {The distribution of coastal wetland vegetation is influenced by biological invasions, human reclamations and climate changes, which continually reshape vegetation structures. However, limited attention has been given to the impact of biological invasion on native vegetation and tidal wetlands. This study focuses on the wetlands of Chongming Island, employing a multi-feature dataset combining spectral, phenological, and temporal information on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Using the Random Forest (RF) classification method, we analyzed annual vegetation distribution changes and examined the distinct effects of natural and anthropogenic factors. The research results indicate that: (1) From 1985 to 2019, the total area of Chongming Island expanded, while wetland vegetation decreased due to embankment construction and island connection projects. (2) The total area of wetland vegetation on Chongming Island dropped to its lowest point in 2002 (3812.76 ha), and then gradually recovered. (3) Human reclamation was the primary driver of vegetation changes from 1985 to 1995. (4) Vegetation distribution in Dongtan was influenced by both human and natural factors, whereas Beiliuyao affected by the invasion and expansion of the S. alterniflor. These findings provide valuable insights into the drivers of long-term vegetation distribution changes, offering essential data and theoretical support for sustainable development and management of Chongming Island's ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39937763,
year = {2025},
author = {Prado, P and Català, I and Alcaraz, C and Barberà, MDC and Guijarro-García, E and Falco, S},
title = {Salinity patterns and local migration determine the isotopic composition of the invasive blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, along the Spanish Mediterranean coast.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {e0313429},
pmid = {39937763},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology ; Male ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Female ; *Salinity ; Mediterranean Sea ; Spain ; *Animal Migration/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {δ13C and δ15N patterns of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, and its potential diets, were investigated in eleven localities within four invaded regions of the Spanish Mediterranean (Catalonia, Valencia, Alicante, and Murcia) subjected to contrasting salinities and degrees of connectivity with the open sea. These regions host blue crab fisheries of variable importance that might be regulated by availability of food resources and local environmental conditions. When present, large adults and immature, subadult sizes of each sex were captured to evaluate possible differences associated to age movement across habitats. SIBER and MixSIAR were used to assess patterns of isotopic niche and dietary contributions. Results showed significant effects for all factors and interactions (except for Sex and Sex x Size in δ15N). The effect size in Region (ηp2 = 0.82 and 0.70, respectively for δ13C and δ15N) and Locality (ηp2 = 0.53 and 0.46), was substantially greater than that of crab Size (ηp2 = 0.37 and 0.21) and Sex (ηp2 = 0.06 and 0.02), concurring with increasing levels of isotopic niche overlap (9% and 11% in Locality and Region, 32% in Size and 44% in Sex). MixSiar results indicated strongly variable contributions from food sources at each locality (TPs from 2.3 to 3.6), but with higher quantity of fish, algae, and crustaceans (27.7%, 18% and 15.1%). Dietary results showed little relation with isotopic patterns, whereas significant associations were found between local salinities and signatures in both crabs (R2 = 0.518 and 0.757, for δ13C and δ15N) and diets. Overall, our study suggests that blue crab habitat use in small Mediterranean estuaries might largely differ from native areas, with movements being mostly restricted to young individuals and/ or certain localities with higher connectivity with the open sea (e.g., the Ebro River). Salinity conditions emerge as a major variable shaping isotopic patterns of populations on a large scale.},
}
@article {pmid39936720,
year = {2025},
author = {Carmo, RFR and Carvalho, CH and Gusmão, RAF and Alencar, LFCS and Vizentin-Bugoni, J and Boldorini, GX and Galvão, GA and Brito, JCB and Gonçalves-Souza, T},
title = {Invasive plant and honeybee alter native plant-pollinator network structure in dry forest.},
journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias},
volume = {97},
number = {1},
pages = {e20231071},
doi = {10.1590/0001-3765202520231071},
pmid = {39936720},
issn = {1678-2690},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/physiology/classification ; *Pollination/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Forests ; *Poaceae/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Invasive species pose a critical threat to ecosystems, with far-reaching consequences. Invasive plants can directly interact with native pollinators, while wind-pollinated grasses indirectly alter plant-pollinator networks by reshaping the composition of plant and animal communities, diminishing ecosystem functioning. Here, we investigated the effect of invasive grass on pollinator richness, native plant visits, and the structure of plant-pollinator networks. Additionally, we explored the influence of non-native honeybees on these same variables in the Caatinga. Invasive grass negatively affected native pollinators and reduced visitation to native plants. The dominance of invasive grass leads to an increased niche overlap among native pollinators. Surprisingly, this did not affect the number of visits by non-native honeybees. However, the increased honeybee visitation negatively impacted native pollinator richness, causing a 60% decline. Our results underscore the compounded negative effects of invasive grass and non-native honeybees on native plant-pollinator dynamics. Invasive grasses indirectly decrease pollinator visits by altering plant communities. Meanwhile, honeybees, unaffected by invasive grass, decrease native pollinator species' richness and visitation rates. These findings emphasize the significant impact of biological invasions on ecosystem health, shedding light on the complex interplay between invasive species and plant-pollinator interactions in arid, abandoned landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid39936504,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Shen, Y and Chen, Y and Gao, S and Xue, W and Chen, X and Chen, T and Li, J},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate the diversity-invasion resistance relationship by influencing the role of complementarity and selection effects.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {246},
number = {1},
pages = {317-330},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20441},
pmid = {39936504},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {31870504//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; LY22C030001//the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; *Solidago/physiology/microbiology ; Biomass ; Species Specificity ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in influencing plant community dynamics, yet their impact on the relationship between plant diversity and resistance, especially resistance to plant invasion, remains largely unclear. We conducted an experiment using plant communities with varying species richness (one, three and six species) and subjected them to invasion by Solidago canadensis and AMF inoculation. We measured community resistance by comparing the biomass of invaded communities to uninvaded communities and investigated the effect of AMF inoculation on the diversity-resistance relationship. Our results indicate that communities with higher plant species richness displayed greater resistance to invasion, and this effect was stronger in the presence of AMF than in its absence. AMF inoculation weakened the positive complementarity effect-resistance relationship (i.e. a decreasing species asynchrony) due to AMF-induced alterations in community composition, but shifted the negative selection effect-resistance relationship to neutral (i.e. a negative-to-neutral sampling effect) due to the enhanced role of the dominant species Mosla scabra. Furthermore, the AMF-induced changes in plant species resistance were positively correlated with their relative growth rate and specific root surface area. These findings suggest that AMF inoculation alters the mechanisms underlying diversity-resistance relationships, with implications for how plant communities respond to disturbances such as invasion.},
}
@article {pmid39935609,
year = {2025},
author = {Martens, K and de Almeida, NM and Shribak, M and Higuti, J and Schön, I},
title = {On Cytheridellawhitmani sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Cape Cod (Massachusetts, USA), with a reappraisal of the taxonomy of the genus.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1224},
number = {},
pages = {317-348},
pmid = {39935609},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Cytheridellawhitmani Martens, sp. nov. is described from lakes on Cape Cod (MA, USA). The species differs from its congeners mainly by the shape of the female carapace and by the morphology of the hemipenis, especially of the distal lobe and the copulatory process. The literature on the genus is reviewed and the synonymy of the fossil Cytheridellaboldii Purper, 1974 with the type species C.ilosvayi Daday, 1905, both described from South America, is confirmed. The status of Cytheridellaamericana (Furtos, 1936) is reverted to that of "uncertain species". Beside the type species and the new species, the genus currently includes only three further species from Africa: C.monodi Klie, 1936, C.damasi Klie, 1944 (with synonym C.chariessa Rome, 1977), and C.tepida Victor, 1987. The morphology of the new species is discussed in comparison with the congeneric species, especially regarding the valve ornamentation, the structure and function of the third thoracopod, the hemipenis and the caudal ramus. It is suggested that C.whitmani is a recent invasive species in the lakes of the Cape Cod peninsula. Its occurrence at northern latitudes is unexpected, as its congeneric species are consistently (sub-) tropical.},
}
@article {pmid39935335,
year = {2025},
author = {Marsh, DR and Deines, L and Rausch, JH and Tindon, Y and Sforza, RFH and Melton, AE and Novak, SJ},
title = {Reconstructing the introduction history of the invasive grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. asperum in the western United States: Low within-population genetic diversity does not preclude invasion.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {112},
number = {2},
pages = {e70001},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70001},
pmid = {39935335},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Genetic Variation ; *Poaceae/genetics/physiology ; United States ; Genotype ; Genetics, Population ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: One of the main drivers of global change is biotic exchange, which leads to biological invasions. The genetic diversity and structure of invasive populations is influenced by multiple factors, most notably the details of a species' introduction, its pattern of range expansion, and its mating system. Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. asperum is a primarily self-pollinating, invasive, annual grass of the western United States (US).<br><br>METHODS: Using historical information (herbarium specimens and published reports) and genetic (allozyme) data, we reconstructed the introduction history and pattern of range expansion of T. caput-medusae subsp. asperum in its invasive range.<br><br>RESULTS: Herbarium collection data and published reports indicate that the grass was first collected near Roseburg, Oregon, in 1884 and then at Steptoe Butte, Washington, in 1901. Genetic analysis of 46 invasive populations of T. caput-medusae subsp. asperum detected seven homozygous multilocus genotypes (MLGs) across the western US. Several MLGs were found in localities associated with early collection sites. Only three of 1700 individuals we analyzed were heterozygous. Thus, high rates of self-pollination likely preserved the MLGs introduced into the western US and contributed to our ability to reconstruct the introduction history of this grass.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our data are consistent with the pattern associated with multiple introductions and local or regional range expansion. Despite multiple introductions, invasive populations of T. caput-medusae subsp. asperum exhibit relatively low within-population genetic diversity (i.e., invasive populations possess low evolutionary potential). Apparently, low within-population genetic diversity does not preclude the invasion of this grass in the western US.},
}
@article {pmid39934476,
year = {2025},
author = {Muema, EK and van Lill, M and Venter, SN and Chan, WY and Claassens, R and Steenkamp, ET},
title = {Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. are symbionts of the dry-land forage legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {118},
number = {3},
pages = {54},
pmid = {39934476},
issn = {1572-9699},
mesh = {*Mesorhizobium/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis ; *Fabaceae/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; South Africa ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics/chemistry ; Soil Microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; },
abstract = {Legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea, indigenous to South Africa, are commonly used as fodder crops with potential for sustainable livestock pasture production. Rhizobia were isolated from their root nodules grown in their respective soils from the Succulent Karoo biome (SKB) in South Africa, identified and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed all isolates as Mesorhizobium members, which were categorized into two distinct lineages using five housekeeping protein-coding genes. Lineage I included 14 strains from both legumes, while Lineage II comprised a single isolate from C. sericea. Differences in phenotypic traits were observed between the lineages and corroborated by average nucleotide identity analyses. While all strains nodulated their original hosts, strains from C. sericea failed to effectively nodulate L. diffusa and vice versa. Phylogenetic analyses of nitrogen fixation (nifH) and nodulation (nodA, nodC) loci grouped all strains in a single clade, suggesting that unique symbiotic loci determine nodulation of these legumes. We designated Lineage I and II as Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. (Ld1326[Ts]; GCA_037179605.1[Ts]) and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. (Cs1330R2N1[Ts]; GCA_037179585.1[Ts]), using genome sequences as nomenclatural types according to the Nomenclatural Code for Prokaryotes using Sequence Data, thus avoiding complications with South Africa's biodiversity regulations. Identifying effective microsymbionts of L. diffusa and C. sericea is essential for conservation of Succulent Karoo Biome, where indigenous invasive species like Vachellia karroo and non-native Australian acacia species are present. Furthermore, targeted management practices using effective symbionts of the studied legumes can sustain the biome's socio-economic contribution through fodder provision.},
}
@article {pmid39933370,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, K and Gu, R and Yang, Y and Yan, J and Ma, Y and Shen, Y},
title = {Recent distribution changes of invasive Asteraceae species in China: A five-year analysis (2016-2020).},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {376},
number = {},
pages = {124445},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124445},
pmid = {39933370},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Asteraceae ; China ; },
abstract = {This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of 17 invasive Asteraceae species in China from 2016 to 2020, providing insights into invasion responses during this period. Through innovative integration of high-resolution temporal data, specimen records, city-level environmental variables, and land use changes, we quantified rapid range expansions and identified invasion hotspots across different geographical regions. Our results reveal a significant increase in the average number of provinces occupied per species, from 9.8 in 2016 to 12.3 in 2020, representing a 25.5% expansion. Erigeron canadensis, Erigeron annuus, and Bidens pilosa emerged as the most widespread species, present in 25, 23, and 24 provinces respectively by 2020. Notably, Ageratina adenophora exhibited a 71.4% increase in provincial-level distribution, while Ambrosia artemisiifolia expanded by 54.5%. Generalized Linear Models revealed significant correlations between species spread and environmental factors, with temperature change being a strong predictor for several species (e.g., β = 0.73, SE = 0.21, p < 0.001 for Ambrosia artemisiifolia). Our high-resolution temporal analysis identified three distinct invasion hotspots: northeastern China (centered around Harbin), characterized by increasing temperatures (+0.3 °C) and precipitation (+24.8 mm); the eastern coast (Shanghai to Hangzhou), marked by warming (+0.4 °C) and decreased precipitation (-60.1 mm); and southwestern China (Yunnan), experiencing increased precipitation (+103.5 mm). Urban expansion and transportation networks significantly influenced invasion patterns, with 82% of new Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations occurring within 3 km of major transportation corridors. The study revealed species-specific responses to human activities, with Solidago canadensis showing a 54.2% increase in newly developed urban areas. By demonstrating rapid invasion responses to short-term environmental fluctuations and human activities, this study advances our understanding of immediate invasion dynamics and provides time-sensitive data for adaptive management strategies. Our findings highlight the necessity of continuous short-term monitoring and regionally tailored management approaches in responding to biological invasions under ongoing environmental changes.},
}
@article {pmid39932861,
year = {2025},
author = {Phillips, PM and Fahey, J and Behm, JE},
title = {An investigation of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida:Ixodidae) habitat and pathogen overlap with resident tick species in Southeastern Pennsylvania forests.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {62},
number = {2},
pages = {465-470},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjae159},
pmid = {39932861},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {#C940000835//Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ixodidae/microbiology/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Pennsylvania ; *Ecosystem ; Forests ; Introduced Species ; Female ; Nymph/growth &amp; development/microbiology/physiology ; Male ; *Arachnid Vectors/microbiology ; Haemaphysalis longicornis ; },
abstract = {The long-horned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Ixodida: Ixodidae) was recently introduced to the United States from its native range in Asia. Although H. longicornis transmits numerous disease-causing pathogens in its native range, it is unclear to what extent H. longicornis will act as a disease vector in the United States. The ability of H. longicornis to acquire pathogens likely depends on overlap with resident tick species in both habitat and pathogens transmitted within its introduced range. To assess the potential overlap in habitat and pathogens between invasive H. longicornis and resident tick species, we field-collected ticks across southeastern Pennsylvania and tested them for pathogens. We then contextualized the risk of pathogen transmission to and by H. longicornis at sites where it overlaps with the current vector species using a network of vectored pathogens. None of the collected H. longicornis individuals tested positive for any pathogens. However, we found significant overlap in habitat use among H. longicornis and resident tick nymphs, as well as several overlaps in the pathogens vectored by resident ticks and those carried by H. longicornis in Asia. These findings indicate a high but yet-to-be-realized potential for H. longicornis to acquire North American tick-borne pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid39931954,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, J and Lu, Y and Wang, W and Zhao, YQ and Yu, L and Chen, Y and Duan, L and Zhou, Y},
title = {Halogen Modulation: Novel Fluoropyridylphenylurea Derivatives as Potent Molluscicides Unveiling Snail-Killing Mechanisms.},
journal = {Chemistry, an Asian journal},
volume = {20},
number = {7},
pages = {e202401374},
doi = {10.1002/asia.202401374},
pmid = {39931954},
issn = {1861-471X},
support = {22367023, 82072309//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202402AE090006//Major science and technology special plan of Yunnan Province/ ; 2022YKZY001//Project of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Screening and R&amp;D Service CXO Platform/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Snails/drug effects/metabolism ; *Molluscacides/pharmacology/chemistry/chemical synthesis ; *Phenylurea Compounds/chemistry/pharmacology/chemical synthesis ; *Halogens/chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; },
abstract = {Pomacea canaliculata is an invasive species that poses significant threats to agriculture and human health. The development of environmentally friendly molluscicides is crucial for its management. In this study, we synthesized 17 fluoropyridylphenylurea derivatives using a halogen modulation strategy to explore their potential as molluscicides. Compounds L-1 and L-2 demonstrated notable molluscicidal activity, with LC50 values of 1.377 mg/L and 1.001 mg/L, respectively. Among these, L-2 exhibited superior efficacy while causing minimal harm to other aquatic organisms, particularly fish. The molluscicidal mechanism of L-2 was investigated using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis and non-targeted metabolic analysis. These analyses revealed that L-2 significantly affected the liver metabolism of P. canaliculata by disrupting the transaminase, gluconeogenesis, and glycolysis pathways. This metabolic disruption is likely a contributing factor to the mortality observed in the snails. Our findings suggest that compound L-2 is a promising molluscicide, offering high efficiency and minimal environmental impact. These insights could guide future research and development in molluscicide applications.},
}
@article {pmid39931802,
year = {2025},
author = {Bradley, EA and Lockaby, BG and Madere, S and Bolds, S and Kalin, L and Ditchkoff, SS and Brown, VR},
title = {Stream pathogenic bacteria levels rebound post-population control of wild pigs.},
journal = {Journal of environmental quality},
volume = {54},
number = {2},
pages = {359-368},
doi = {10.1002/jeq2.70004},
pmid = {39931802},
issn = {1537-2537},
support = {//USDA/ ; //Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Swine ; *Water Microbiology ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Rivers/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; Escherichia coli ; Feces/microbiology ; *Sus scrofa ; Water Quality ; Animals, Wild ; },
abstract = {The range and density of one of North America's most destructive and invasive mammalian species, wild pigs (Sus scrofa), has expanded rapidly over the past several decades. Alongside this growth, their fecal contamination of surface waters has impaired water quality through significantly increased levels of pathogenic bacteria, raising concerns over the potential for zoonotic disease transmission. Significant remediation of these water quality impacts has been shown as a result of reductions in wild pig populations due to control efforts; however, the duration of these remediation effects as populations rebound remains unclear. Our study sought to determine the longevity of water quality remediation resulting from wild pig population control efforts. We found that median concentrations of Escherichia coli and fecal coliform (CFU/100 mL) increased by 746% and 159% in the year following the conclusion of removal efforts, resulting in median concentrations of 79% and 159% greater than those observed prior. We also found increased public health risk, with samples exceeding E. coli and fecal coliform guidelines 10% and 12% more often than pre-removal, respectively. While further research into wild pig population dynamics and fecal contamination is necessary, we conclude that ongoing population control efforts may be necessary to remediate water quality impacts and public health risks associated with invasive wild pigs.},
}
@article {pmid39931250,
year = {2025},
author = {Schatz, AM and Park, AW},
title = {Evidence for the Vacated Niche Hypothesis in Parasites of Invasive Mammals.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e70959},
pmid = {39931250},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Species redistribution and invasion are becoming increasingly common due to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Understanding the resultant shifts in host-parasite associations is important for anticipating disruptions to host communities, disease cycles, and conservation efforts. In this paper, we bring together the enemy release and vacated niche hypotheses to relate parasite acquisition and retention, two distinct yet intertwined processes that play out during host invasion. Using the Global Mammal Parasite Database, we test for net enemy release based on differences in parasite species richness, and we develop a novel taxonomic null modeling approach to demonstrate that parasites fill vacated niches. We find evidence of net enemy release, and our taxonomic null models indicate replacement of lost parasites by taxonomically similar acquired ones, over and above what might be expected by chance. Our work suggests that both enemy release and vacated niche hypotheses provide valuable frameworks through which to understand and predict changing host-parasite associations, which may include insights on how climate change and anthropogenic influences perturb and reorganize communities and ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39929276,
year = {2025},
author = {Pietri, JE and Laroche, M},
title = {Invasive indoor pests under the microbiological lens: bacterial and viral diversity from local to global scales in bed bugs and cockroaches.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {101344},
pmid = {39929276},
issn = {2214-5753},
support = {R01 AI171014/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI183477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Cockroaches/microbiology/virology ; *Bedbugs/microbiology/virology ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Microbiota ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Essentially, all animal life interacts closely with an array of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, which can have both beneficial and harmful effects. The advancement of high-throughput molecular biology approaches (DNA and RNA sequencing) has led to an ongoing boom in investigating the composition and functions of microbial communities (microbiota) associated with a wide range of animal taxa, including insects. As this area of investigation has blossomed, such research on indoor urban insect pests has lagged more widely studied species. However, over the last several years, significant strides have been made in understanding the diversity and biological roles of microbes associated with such insects. This review highlights and discusses recent key findings, focusing on bed bugs and cockroaches, two of the most prolific globally invasive indoor insect pests. Advances in this area of research have long-term implications for public health and for the development of novel pest control approaches.},
}
@article {pmid39928412,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, CC and Lu, MY and Chen, JT and Tay, JW and Yang, CS and Lin, CC},
title = {Development of alginate hydrogel baits for the management of longlegged ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {2},
pages = {838-845},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf011},
pmid = {39928412},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {113-EC-17-A-21-S6-035//Ministry of Economic Affairs/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants ; *Insect Control/methods ; *Alginates ; Female ; Taiwan ; *Pheromones ; Borates ; },
abstract = {The longlegged ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, is a globally destructive invasive species owning to its devastating impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the regions where it has been introduced. In Taiwan, invasion of A. gracilipes has been associated with the declining of land crab populations in several hotspots. While liquid baiting program has been implemented in those areas, the operation is costly and labor-intensive since it typically requires the use and maintenance of bait stations. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the potential and effectiveness of hydrogel baits laced with borax as an alternative tool to control A. gracilipes. Laboratory studies demonstrated that hydrogel baits containing 3% borax achieved higher A. gracilipes mortality than those containing 2% and 1% borax. Specifically, hydrogel baits containing 3% borax resulted in >90% worker mortality within 21 d post-treatment (LT50 = 5.1 d), along with significant reduction in brood weight (>90%) and substantial queen death (>80% of colony fragments). Furthermore, field experiment indicated that A. gracilipes workers preferentially retrieved small-size hydrogel beads (3.1 mm OD; proportion removed = 1.00 ± 0.00) compared to the larger ones (6.2 mm OD; proportion removed = 0.03 ± 0.03), which will facilitate efficient transfer of toxicant within the colony and may minimize nontarget impact. In conclusion, alginate hydrogel baits with 3% borax appear to be a promising tool against A. gracilipes, although their field efficacy against large supercolonial populations remains to be investigated.},
}
@article {pmid39928404,
year = {2025},
author = {Dadlani, LP and Gebiola, M and Rugman-Jones, P and Mauck, KE and Hoddle, MS},
title = {Range expansion by avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Hemiptera: Tingidae): a reassessment of population genetic structure reveals evidence for a second invasion into California.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {2},
pages = {884-894},
pmid = {39928404},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {CAC-65131-00-000//California Avocado Commission/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; California ; *Introduced Species ; Haplotypes ; *Animal Distribution ; Persea/growth &amp; development ; *Heteroptera/genetics/physiology ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; },
abstract = {Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann 1908) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), a foliar pest of avocados, was first discovered in urban San Diego County, California U.S. in 2004. In 2017, damaging populations of P. perseae were discovered in commercial Hass avocado groves in San Diego and Riverside Counties. The unexpected and rapid spread of P. perseae raised the question of whether this range expansion was an extension of the original incursion or the result of a second invasion event. Using sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene, we found strong evidence that P. perseae populations in southern San Diego County are comprised almost entirely of the single haplotype (A) that was detected in 2004. In contrast, newly established (2017 onwards) populations of P. perseae infesting commercial orchards consisted exclusively of a second mitochondrial haplotype (G). This haplotype is found in Florida and the Caribbean and is conclusive evidence that California has been invaded a second time. Molecular analyses also confirmed that invasive P. perseae populations in Hawai'i are haplotype G, indicating that California and Hawai'i populations may have originated from the same source area (possibly Florida), or that California may have acted as an invasion bridgehead for the invasion of Hawai'i. Reproductive compatibility of the primary (haplotype A) and secondary (haplotype G) invasive populations in California was confirmed via a series of reciprocal laboratory crosses and results suggest that fertility of hybrid eggs is increased. The potential consequences of this second invasion into California by P. perseae are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39928403,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, H and Carvalho, LAFN and Manoukis, NC},
title = {Enhanced survival of mass-reared Mediterranean fruit flies via regular diurnal temperature oscillations.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {2},
pages = {655-661},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf026},
pmid = {39928403},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2040-22430-026-00D and 2040-22430-027-00D//USDA-ARS/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ceratitis capitata/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Female ; *Temperature ; Male ; Longevity ; Fertility ; Flight, Animal ; },
abstract = {Effectively mass-rearing insects is critical for research, for environmentally friendly technologies like sterile insect technique, producing biological control agents, and enabling novel pest control methods such as those based on genetics or symbionts. While constant temperature conditions are typically used in mass-rearing, at what is considered an optimum value that produces the fittest insects, homeostatic conditions do not reflect the real world. We investigated the performance of mass-reared adult Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) under constant (24 °C) and oscillating (mean 24 °C with 4 and 10 °C range) temperature regimes. Insect survivorship, flight ability, and female fecundity were assessed across the temperature regimes. Additionally, we compared adult C. capitata performance under environmental chamber and outdoor conditions to determine if temperature and humidity as simulated in the chambers resulted in similar performance outcomes for the insects as being outdoors. Male C. capitata under the 10 °C range treatment had higher survival probability at 55 d postemergence compared to the constant temperature regime, while females showed no significant differences in survivorship among temperature regimes. Flight ability and fecundity were not significantly affected by temperature regimes, though the 10 °C range group showed the highest fecundity. Comparisons between environmental chamber and outdoor conditions revealed minimal differences in performance metrics. Our findings suggest that the field performance of mass-reared male adult C. capitata can be improved by oscillating temperature regimes in mass-rearing facilities.},
}
@article {pmid39926305,
year = {2025},
author = {Fernández, J and Gestoso, I and Juijn, H and Cabanellas-Reboredo, M and Hernández-Urcera, J},
title = {First Records of Wild Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) Preying on Adult Invasive Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e70989},
pmid = {39926305},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, has rapidly expanded its invasive range ubiquitously in the Mediterranean Sea, posing ecological threats to native ecosystems. In its native habitat, the crab plays a crucial role in the ecosystem, but in invaded areas, it lacks natural predators. This has led to rapid expansion, highlighting the need to monitor and understand biological interactions with the native community. This study reports, for the first time in the wild, the predation of the invasive blue crab by the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, in the Mediterranean Sea. Three sequences (two videos and a photography series) recorded by two spearfisherman (observation 1 and 2) and a recreational SCUBA diver (observation 3) are described. This article highlights the importance of native predators in influencing the expansion or control of invasive species. Additionally, it showcases the capacity of a versatile predator (the octopus), to serve as an ally alongside the fishing strategy, suggesting a novel perspective for ecologically sustainable management, in a context of low native predators of the blue crab. The collaboration with citizen scientists proves crucial in expanding our understanding of predator-prey dynamics and ecological interactions, underlining the need for continued partnerships between researchers and society for effective invasive species management.},
}
@article {pmid39924452,
year = {2025},
author = {Yi, J and Tao, Z and Zhang, K and Nie, B and Siemann, E and Huang, W},
title = {Soil microbial legacies and drought mediate diversity-invasibility relationships in non-native communities.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {246},
number = {3},
pages = {1293-1303},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20462},
pmid = {39924452},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {2024YFF1307500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 32071660//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32301324//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32301471//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023AFB231//Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Droughts ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Water ; Soil ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {High native species diversity generally suppresses non-native invasions, but many ecosystems are now characterized by non-native assemblages that vary in species diversity. How this non-native species diversity affects subsequent invaders and its environmental dependence remain unclear. We conducted a plant-soil feedback experiment. In the conditioning phase, we created three diversity levels (1, 2, or 4 species) using six non-native species to condition the soil. In the responding phase, we planted these six species individually with soil inocula and exposed them to two watering treatments (well-watered vs drought). Under well-watered conditions, the non-native biomass increased with soil inocula generated by different non-native diversity. This biomass pattern was mainly related to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness which increased with non-native species diversity. However, under drought conditions, the non-native biomass did not depend on soil inocula generated by non-native diversity. Our results reveal the crucial role of soil microbial legacies in driving the positive diversity-invasibility relationships of non-native communities and drought stress can eliminate these positive relationships. These findings provide an explanation for the commonly observed co-occurrence of multiple non-native species in nature, predicting an accelerating accumulation of non-native species in a benign environment, but not in a stressed environment.},
}
@article {pmid39921808,
year = {2025},
author = {Naves, P and Santos, M and Aguiar, A and Migeon, A and Navia, D and Auger, P},
title = {Does the Lewis spider mite constitute a threat to agricultural crops in Europe? New data on occurrence, host plants and damage in the invaded areas in Portugal.},
journal = {Experimental &amp; applied acarology},
volume = {94},
number = {2},
pages = {35},
pmid = {39921808},
issn = {1572-9702},
support = {AGR/0082/2021//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o para Ci&#xea;ncia e Tecnologia (FCT/Portugal)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Portugal ; *Crops, Agricultural/growth &amp; development ; *Tetranychidae/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {The Lewis spider mite (LSM), Eotetranychus lewisi, is an important pest of poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and agricultural crops worldwide. In Europe it is a quarantine-regulated pest with established outdoor populations in Portugal. We investigated the pest status and host plants of the LSM in Madeira and the Algarve, collecting and inspecting plants and crops. The LSM was mainly found on naturalized poinsettias and castor-bean. Additionally, live mites were collected in very low numbers from plants of vine, cherimoya, mango, papaya, cherry plum, wild tobacco, and bladder vine, in direct contact or close to LSM-infested poinsettias, strongly suggesting these plants would not be breeding hosts. LSM abundance was low and no damage was observed. Mites were absent from strawberry, bramble and citrus, important hosts worldwide. Field surveys were complemented with a citizen-science experiment in outdoor conditions to test whether proximity to mite-infested poinsettias affected subsequent detections on poinsettia, strawberry, or grapevine. After two months of exposure to potentially dispersing LSM individuals and a further two months under controlled conditions to allow the mite to develop, LSM was detected on the three-recipient species but at low infestation rates, with a higher number of infested leaves and abundance on poinsettias, and absence of damages to crops. Overall, we conclude that the primary reservoirs for LSM populations in southwestern Europe are poinsettia and castor-bean plants, and our results suggest that the LSM is not causing damages to crops and may not be as harmful as expected, which can have implications to the current quarantine-regulation of this mite in Europe.},
}
@article {pmid39920902,
year = {2025},
author = {Kinnby, A and Robert, C and Havenhand, JN and Broström, G and Bussière, L and De Wit, P},
title = {The Roles of Plasticity and Selection in Rapid Phenotypic Changes at the Pacific Oyster Invasion Front in Europe.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {23},
pages = {e17684},
pmid = {39920902},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {2021-05466//Vetenskapsr&#xe5;det/ ; 2014-01193//Svenska Forskningsr&#xe5;det Formas/ ; 2022/02838//Svenska Forskningsr&#xe5;det Formas/ ; 2020-00038//Naturv&#xe5;rdsverket/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Phenotype ; Salinity ; *Crassostrea/genetics/physiology ; *Selection, Genetic ; Reproduction/genetics ; Sweden ; Male ; Genotype ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Salt Tolerance/genetics ; Female ; Fertilization/genetics ; Europe ; },
abstract = {Invasive species present significant management challenges worldwide due to their ability to rapidly adapt to novel environments. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, a globally distributed invasive species, arrived in western Sweden in 2006 but has not yet colonised the low salinity waters of the Baltic Sea, presumably because low salinities act as a barrier to reproduction. We used classic mating designs to investigate fertilisation rates and heritability of embryonal salinity tolerance (in 8‰-33‰) in oysters from three locations with different invasion his