@article {pmid35041962,
year = {2022},
author = {Gomez-Gomez, JD and Pulido-Velazquez, D and Collados-Lara, AJ and Fernandez-Chacon, F},
title = {The impact of climate change scenarios on droughts and their propagation in an arid Mediterranean basin. A useful approach for planning adaptation strategies.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {153128},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153128},
pmid = {35041962},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Areas where there is a scarcity of water frequently experience significant drought periods, which may become exacerbated in the future due to climate change. In this paper we propose a novel and integrated method for a semi-distributed analysis of the impact on potential future meteorological, hydrological, agronomical and operational droughts within a basin. We analyse the propagation and correlation of the different types of droughts, and then this analysis can be used to plan sustainable adaptation strategies. The proposed method is based on sequential applications of different statistical techniques and mathematical models. We have applied several statistical downscaling techniques to generate consistent local future climate scenarios considering both basic and drought statistics. This allows us to analyse the sensitivity of the results to the applied technique and the spatial distribution. A chain of models has been used to propagate climate scenarios to analyse the hydrological, agricultural, and operational impact. We have applied a clustering analysis to historical data to identify homogeneous hydro-climate areas used to analyse the spatial distribution of the impact. The approach has been applied in the Segura basin (in south-eastern Spain). The simulations of the impact in the 3 generated ensemble scenarios on the whole Segura Basin system for the horizon 2071-2100 under the RCP8.5 emission scenario show a significant mean reduction (40.9-59.1%) of the available resources, an increase in pumping rates in aquifers (36.4-42.7%) and lower guarantees (96.3% in the historical period and 75.0-77.6% in the future scenarios) for demand supply. The spatial distribution of the impact is heterogeneous, with the hydro-climate areas near to the coast for agricultural and operational droughts being more affected. An analysis of correlation between the meteorological and operational droughts shows the maximum correlation for a time delay of around 4 months. This information could help to identify when measures to reduce the operational impact should start to be applied when a meteorological drought starts.},
}
@article {pmid35041710,
year = {2022},
author = {Igawa, TK and Toledo, PM and Anjos, LJS},
title = {Climate change could reduce and spatially reconfigure cocoa cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon by 2050.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {e0262729},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262729},
pmid = {35041710},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Cocoa is a plant with origins in northwestern South America with high relevance in the global economy. Evidence indicates that cocoa is sensitive to a dry climate, under which crop production is reduced. Projections for future climate change scenarios suggest a warmer and drier climate in the Amazon basin. In this paper, we quantify the potential effects in cocoa production due to its edaphoclimatic suitability changes to the Brazilian Amazon biome and account for regional differences in planning occupation territories. We modeled the suitability of cocoa's geographical distribution using an ensemble of 10 correlative models that were run in the "biomod2" library and projected to two future climate scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) by 2050. Combining information on climate and soil suitability and installed infrastructure in the macro-regions of the Brazilian Amazon. We defined a zoning system to indicate how cocoa production may respond to climate change according to the current and future suitability model. Our results suggest that a reduction in precipitation and an increase in temperature may promote a reduction in the suitability of cocoa production in the Brazilian Amazon biome. In addition of the areas suitable for cocoa plantation, we found a 37.05% and 73.15% decrease in the areas suitable for intensification and expansion zones under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively, compared with the current scenario. We conclude that there may be a need to expand land to cocoa production in the future, or else it will be necessary to plant a cocoa variety resistant to new climatic conditions. Besides, we recommend procedures to combat illegal deforestation to prevent the most critical climate change scenarios from occurring.},
}
@article {pmid35040241,
year = {2022},
author = {Campbell, TG and Al-Qureshi, S},
title = {Ophthalmologists and climate change.},
journal = {Clinical & experimental ophthalmology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ceo.14041},
pmid = {35040241},
issn = {1442-9071},
abstract = {It is indisputable that human activities have caused climate change and that, if left unchecked, these activities will lead to worsening of weather extremes including fire, drought, and flood with all their attendant human suffering. Reducing future climate change requires limiting cumulative emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases including methane. We have written this evidence-based perspective to highlight interventions with the largest effect to help the average ophthalmologist make the changes with the highest impact in their day-to-day lives.},
}
@article {pmid35039568,
year = {2022},
author = {Mohammed, IN and Bolten, JD and Souter, NJ and Shaad, K and Vollmer, D},
title = {Diagnosing challenges and setting priorities for sustainable water resource management under climate change.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {796},
pmid = {35039568},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Space Act Agreement number 27304/NASA/NASA/United States ; Space Act Agreement number 27304/NASA/NASA/United States ; },
abstract = {Managing transboundary river basins requires balancing tradeoffs of sustainable water use and coping with climate uncertainty. We demonstrate an integrated approach to exploring these issues through the lens of a social-ecological system, combining remote and in-situ earth observations, hydrologic and climate models, and social surveys. Specifically, we examine how climate change and dam development could impact the Se Kong, Se San and Sre Pok rivers in the Mekong region. We find that climate change will lead to increased precipitation, necessitating a shift in dam operations, from maintaining low flows to reducing flood hazards. We also find that existing water governance systems in Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia are ill-prepared to address the problem. We conclude that the solution space for addressing these complex issues will be highly constrained unless major deficiencies in transboundary water governance, strategic planning, financial capacity, information sharing, and law enforcement are remedied in the next decades.},
}
@article {pmid35038090,
year = {2022},
author = {Abbas, S},
title = {Global warming and export competitiveness of agriculture sector: evidence from heterogeneous econometric analysis of Pakistan.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35038090},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {The increase in average annual temperature due to greenhouse gases emission is posing threat to the agriculture sector across the globe. Pakistan is labor abundant agrarian country that heavily depends on the agriculture sector for food, employment, and raw material for industries. This study is a preliminary investigation that explores the effect of increasing average annual temperature on the competitiveness of 24 major agricultural exports from 2003 to 2020. The revealed export advantage (RXA) is used to explore the competitive performance of selected agricultural exports, which is then normalized to examine the effect of increasing average annual temperature along with official exchange rate, urbanization, and globalization. The panel fixed-effect model with heteroscedasticity consistent robust standard error recommended by White (Econometrica 48(4):817-838, 1980) is used to explore model estimates, whereas the robustness check has been performed by using heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity consistent robust standard error model of Driscoll and Kaary (Rev Econ Stat 80(4):549-559, 1998). The estimated result reveals that the increasing average annual temperature has a negative but insignificant impact on the export competitiveness of selected agricultural exports. While, urbanization and exchange rate deprecation show a significant negative effect of higher intensity, respectively. Globalization, however, reveals a significant positive impact on the competitiveness of selected agricultural exports. This study, therefore, urges for the development of the agriculture sector by adopting SDGs proposed by the United Nations for sustainable economic growth and development.},
}
@article {pmid35036279,
year = {2022},
author = {Welsch, H},
title = {What shapes cognitions of climate change in Europe? Ideology, morality, and the role of educational attainment.},
journal = {Journal of environmental studies and sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1007/s13412-021-00745-7},
pmid = {35036279},
issn = {2190-6483},
abstract = {Cognitions about climate change are of critical importance for climate change mitigation as they influence climate-relevant behaviors and the support of climate policy. Using about 30,000 observations from a large-scale representative survey from 23 European countries, this study provides two major findings. First, important policy-relevant climate change cognitions do not only differ by individuals' ideological identity (left versus right) but-independently-by their moral identity, that is, the pattern of endorsement of the moral foundations: Care, Fairness, Liberty, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity/Sanctity. In particular, controlling for ideological position, the cognitions that the world climate is changing, that climate change is human-made, and that climate change impacts are bad are significantly negatively related to stronger endorsement of the Authority and Sanctity foundations while being positively related to stronger endorsement of the Loyalty and Fairness foundations. Second, not only the ideology-related cognitive divide but the morality-related divide is larger in individuals with tertiary education, consistent with the idea that individuals with greater science literacy and numeracy use these skills to adjust their cognitions to their group identity. The finding that better education may amplify rather than attenuate the ideology and morality dependence of decision-relevant climate change cognitions sheds doubt on the proposition that better education unambiguously furthers the prospects for climate change mitigation.},
}
@article {pmid35035604,
year = {2022},
author = {Cifuentes-Faura, J},
title = {European Union policies and their role in combating climate change over the years.},
journal = {Air quality, atmosphere, & health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
pmid = {35035604},
issn = {1873-9318},
abstract = {The worrying environmental situation and increased public awareness in recent years have led many countries to take measures to reduce negative impacts on the environment. The European Union (EU) has been one of the most active in environmental protection with the formulation of policies aimed at preserving the health and well-being of citizens and protecting natural resources. One of the objectives of environmental policies is to make the economy of its member states more environmentally friendly, although this requires finding solutions to major challenges such as climate change, the scarcity of natural resources, the emission of polluting gases, and unsustainable consumption and production. This article reviews the main policies that have been implemented in the EU to reduce environmental problems and the scope of climate change conferences. It offers solutions to promote sustainability that could be adopted by companies, individuals, and governmental institutions to jointly contribute to achieving a more sustainable world, where problems such as climate change or the emission of polluting gases are minimized. The aim is to follow the principles of the Circular Economy and the European Green Deal.},
}
@article {pmid35035097,
year = {2022},
author = {Rowland, J and Estevens, J and Krzewińska, A and Warwas, I and Delicado, A},
title = {Trust and Mistrust in Sources of Scientific Information on Climate Change and Vaccines: Insights from Portugal and Poland.},
journal = {Science & education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-26},
pmid = {35035097},
issn = {0926-7220},
abstract = {Public trust in science and expertise remains a contentious issue. When public trust is analysed, it often simplifies a complex process of information retrieval and interpretation. Questionnaire surveys help us make sense of differences among actors and countries, but they fail to provide a comprehensive analysis of the reasons that lead citizens to trust a specific actor to differing degrees. Hence, we opted for using a qualitative grounded approach to understand how citizens make sense of their trust in several actors. This article draws from the results of public consultations with citizens in Portugal and Poland about two specific science-related topics-climate change and vaccines-focusing on citizens' perceptions of trust in several sources of scientific information. The results show that citizens' trust varies depending on the source of scientific information, and it is affected by the topic's visibility and different national levels of institutional trust. It also concludes that citizens use different criteria to evaluate trustworthiness and that this process leads to different ways of expressing trust/mistrust: unquestioned confidence, justified trust, reflexive trust, and active distrust. Such knowledge leads to a more in depth understanding of how trust in science is constructed, which can help science communicators and educators choose sources and materials.},
}
@article {pmid35034308,
year = {2022},
author = {Baig, IA and Chandio, AA and Ozturk, I and Kumar, P and Khan, ZA and Salam, MA},
title = {Assessing the long- and short-run asymmetrical effects of climate change on rice production: empirical evidence from India.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35034308},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {In recent years, environmental change has arisen as a ubiquitous problem and gained environmentalist's attention across the globe due to its long-term harmful effects on agricultural production, food supply, water supply, and livelihoods of rural households. The present study aims to explore the asymmetrical dynamic relationship between climate change and rice production with other explanatory variables. Based on the time series data of India, covering the period 1991-2018, the current study applied the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model and Granger causality approach. The results of the NARDL reveal that mean temperature negatively affects rice production in the long run while positively affecting it in the short run. Furthermore, positive shocks in rainfall and carbon emission have negative and significant impacts on rice production in the long and short run. In comparison, negative rainfall shocks significantly affect rice production in the long and short run. Wald test confirms the asymmetrical relationship between climate change and rice production. The Granger causality test shows feedback effect among mean temperature, decreasing rainfall, increasing carbon emission, and rice production. While no causal relationship between increasing temperature and decreasing carbon emission. Based on the empirical investigations, some critical policy implications emerged. Toward sustainable rice production in India, there is a need to improve irrigation infrastructure through increasing public investment and to develop climate-resilient seeds varieties to cope with climate change. Along with, at the district level government should provide proper training to farmers regarding the usage of pesticides, the proper amount of fertilizers, and irrigation systems.},
}
@article {pmid35033315,
year = {2022},
author = {Arepally, A and Omary, RA and Vandenbergh, MP},
title = {Scanning the Planet: Radiology's Grand Opportunity to Address Climate Change.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR},
volume = {19},
number = {1 Pt B},
pages = {217-219},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacr.2021.08.031},
pmid = {35033315},
issn = {1558-349X},
}
@article {pmid35032271,
year = {2022},
author = {Khan, AA and Khan, SU and Ali, MAS and Safi, A and Gao, Y and Luo, J},
title = {Identifying impact of international trade and renewable energy consumption on environmental quality improvement and their role in global warming.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35032271},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {There is a lack of proper research that highlights the impact of institutional quality (IQ) and renewable energy consumption (REC) on the carbon emission (CE). The significance of IQ and REC in the achievement of zero CE is highlighted in this research. The current research reports the effects of these important factors on the consumption-based carbon emissions in the G-7 countries from 1995 to 2018. Based on the outcome of the cointegration test, the long-run connection is recognized between IQ, REC, GDP, exports, imports, and consumption-based CE. The findings also validated that there exist significant decrease and increase in the CE in both the short and long run; for instance, IQ, REC, and exports decrease the CE, while imports and GDP increase the CE. The estimates of causality test showed that policies aimed at improving IQ, REC, GDP, exports, and imports have a significant impact on the CE. Consequently, based on these results, policymakers in the G-7 must prioritize IQ and REC to enhance environmental quality and attain carbon neutrality.},
}
@article {pmid35032203,
year = {2022},
author = {Connare, BM and Islam, K},
title = {Failure to advance migratory phenology in response to climate change may pose a significant threat to a declining Nearctic-Neotropical songbird.},
journal = {International journal of biometeorology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35032203},
issn = {1432-1254},
support = {240156//Indiana Department of Natural Resources/ ; },
abstract = {Populations of long-distance migrants that breed in seasonal habitats can be significantly impacted by climate change. We examined the migratory and breeding phenologies of the cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a declining long-distance Nearctic-Neotropical migrant that breeds in deciduous forests of Indiana. Our primary objectives were to determine temporal trends in cerulean warbler migratory timing, and to identify climate variables that explain variation in this species' migratory and breeding phenologies. We reviewed trends in cerulean warbler first arrival to Indiana from 1982 to 2019, and compared them to several explanatory climate variables: spring temperature, growing degree days (GDD), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). We also compared the timing of cerulean warbler first lay dates from 2012 to 2019 with the aforementioned climate variables and annual spring precipitation. Cerulean warblers exhibited a minimal advance in first arrival timing (≤4 days in 38 years). Arrival timing was best predicted by GDD and a null model, but trends in GDD indicate that spring warming in Indiana has advanced by a greater margin, approximately 14 days. Climate variables did not predict first lay timing better than a null model. Springtime in Indiana is occurring earlier, but cerulean warblers are advancing their migratory timing to a much smaller degree. This failure to adapt may have a detrimental effect on warbler populations if it results in an asynchronization of important biological timings between them and their prey. Further studies of cerulean warbler breeding and prey phenologies are necessary to determine how climate change is impacting this species' reproductive success.},
}
@article {pmid35031995,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhong, F and Cheng, W and Guo, A and Song, X and Cheng, Q and Ullah, A and Song, Y},
title = {Are Chinese social scientists concerned about climate change? A bibliometric analysis and literature review.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35031995},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {China has been the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide since 2006. To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060, social scientists must become involved in China's deep decarbonization process. However, Chinese social scientists have given little attention to climate change in their bibliometric research. Based on the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index journal catalog of the four essential social sciences, namely, management, economics, politics, and sociology, we used the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database to quantify the extent to which Chinese social scientists are concerned about climate change. The results showed that from 1978 to 2020, 1179 articles on climate change were published in management, economics, politics, and sociology journals, which represented only 26.8% of the 4397 articles published on pollution in the same journals. Politics journals published the most articles (38.76%), while sociology journals published the fewest (2.37%). Thus, Chinese social scientists rarely considered climate change, mainly because this topic remains controversial in some fields and because of the influence of international politics in addition to the promotion and incentive mechanisms for researchers. We analyzed the keywords and evolution of climate change research in the four social sciences and our results show that social scientists should give greater emphasis to climate change in their research.},
}
@article {pmid35031574,
year = {2022},
author = {Arasaradnam, RP and Hillman, T},
title = {Climate change and health research - lessons from COP26.},
journal = {Clinical medicine (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7861/clinmed.2021-0780},
pmid = {35031574},
issn = {1473-4893},
}
@article {pmid35031362,
year = {2022},
author = {Pang, X and Gu, Y and Launiainen, S and Guan, M},
title = {Urban hydrological responses to climate change and urbanization in cold climates.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {153066},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153066},
pmid = {35031362},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {This study explores hydrological response of urban catchment in Southern Finland to climate change and urbanization. Process-based urban hydrological modelling and statistical analysis are applied to various urbanization and climate scenarios. Future changes in precipitation and temperature under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively) clearly influence urban streamflow all year-round. We found snowpack shrinks during 2061 to 2090, snowmelt becomes earlier and the amount of melted runoff is reduced under both climate scenarios. The most significant runoff increase occurs in winter with the growth rates of 79% and 127%, respectively. It is also found that the dominant portion of urban streamflow shifts from summer to autumn in the future under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Results indicate that urbanization has direct impact on hydrological response due to the change of imperviousness, but climate change will have more significant impact on seasonal distribution of urban streamflow. Additionally, urbanization impacts shrink monthly streamflow differences along with climate change.},
}
@article {pmid35030394,
year = {2022},
author = {Ahmed Hanifi, SMM and Menon, N and Quisumbing, A},
title = {The impact of climate change on children's nutritional status in coastal Bangladesh.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {294},
number = {},
pages = {114704},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114704},
pmid = {35030394},
issn = {1873-5347},
abstract = {This paper studies the impact of climate change on the nutritional status of very young children between the ages of 0-3 years by using weather data from the last half century merged with rich information on child, mother, and household characteristics in rural coastal Bangladesh. We evaluate the health consequences of rising temperature and relative humidity and varying rainfall jointly employing alternate functional forms. Leveraging models that control for annual trends and location-specific seasonality, and that allow the impacts of temperature to vary non-parametrically while rainfall and humidity have flexible non-linear forms, we find that temperatures that exceed 25 °C (the "comfortable" benchmark) in the month of birth exert negative effects on children's nutritional status as measured by mid upper arm circumference. Humidity has a positive impact which persists when child, mother and household controls are included. We find that exposure to changing climate in utero also matters. Explanations for these results include consequences of weather fluctuations on the extent of pasture, cropland, and rainfed lands planted with rice and other crops, and on mother's age at first marriage. Our results underline that climate change has real consequences for the health of very young populations in vulnerable areas.},
}
@article {pmid35028848,
year = {2022},
author = {Qin, X and Xia, W and Hu, X and Shao, Z},
title = {Dynamic variations of cyanobacterial blooms and their response to urban development and climate change in Lake Chaohu based on Landsat observations.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-18616-1},
pmid = {35028848},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {72071064//national natural science foundation of china/ ; },
abstract = {Recurring cyanobacterial blooms have seriously hindered the sustainable development of cities. In this study, the variation trend of cyanobacterial blooms was analyzed by taking Lake Chaohu in China as the study area, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat observations combined with the development index of surrounding cities from 2009 to 2019 was used to quantitatively analyze the response of cyanobacterial blooms to urban development and climate change. The results showed that the NDVI of the Northwest Lake region was significantly higher than that of other regions. Summer and autumn were the main seasons for the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms. The NDVI of Lake Chaohu and Baohe Lake region showed a significant correlation with the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of Hefei city (HF), the districts and counties around the lake (DCL), Baohe District (BH), and the population (P). As the economic regions gradually focused on BH rather than on HF and DCL, there was an increasing trend correlation between the NDVI of Baohe Lake region and the GDP growth rate. However, the elimination of GDP in BH did not affect the consistency relationship between the economic growth of other regions and the NDVI of Lake Chaohu on a large scale. In addition, the results of relative importance analysis indicated that the GDP growth rate of BH and the area of Hefei except DCL (HF-DCL) accounted for important contribution to the [Formula: see text] of the regression. This study has momentous reference value for understanding the coupling relationship between urban development and lake environment.},
}
@article {pmid35028465,
year = {2022},
author = {Balima, LH and Nacoulma, BMI and Da, SS and Ouédraogo, A and Soro, D and Thiombiano, A},
title = {Impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of African oak tree (Afzelia africana Sm.) in Burkina Faso, West Africa.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {e08688},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08688},
pmid = {35028465},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Afzelia africana Sm - a multipurpose leguminous tree species - is threatened in West Africa - a climate change hotspot region. Yet, although the impacts of land use on this species dynamics have been widely reported, there is a little literature on the impacts of climate change on its spatial distribution. This study aimed to predict the impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of A. africana in Burkina Faso. A total of 4,066 records of A. africana was compiled from personal fieldwork and vegetation database. Current and future bioclimatic variables were obtained from WorldClim website. For future climatic projections, six global climate models (GCMs) were selected under two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 & RCP 8.5) and two horizons (2050 & 2070). Presence data and bioclimatic variables were processed in ArcGIS software and used in the algorithm MaxEnt (maximum of entropy) to predict the species distribution. Findings showed that maximum temperature of warmest month and mean temperature of coldest quarter mostly affect the habitat suitability of A. africana. About 25.54% of Burkina Faso land surface was currently suitable for A. africana conservation. Under future climatic projections, all the climate models predict climate-driven habitat loss of the species with a southward range shift. Across the two emission scenarios, the spatial extent of suitable habitats was predicted to decline from 9.43 to 23.99% and from 12.29 to 25% by the horizons 2050 and 2070, respectively. Habitat loss and range shifts predicted in this study underline the high vulnerability of A. africana to future climate change. Reforestation actions and the protection of predicted suitable habitats are recommended to sustain the species conservation.},
}
@article {pmid35028448,
year = {2022},
author = {Karatayev, M and Clarke, M and Salnikov, V and Bekseitova, R and Nizamova, M},
title = {Monitoring climate change, drought conditions and wheat production in Eurasia: the case study of Kazakhstan.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {e08660},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08660},
pmid = {35028448},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Wheat is an important global food security commodity. Kazakhstan is currently a producer and exporter of high-quality wheat to global markets. The most important wheat-growing regions, which lie in the northern part of Kazakhstan, are based on spring-sown rain-fed cultivation and are susceptible to climate change and drought. Using the monthly surface air temperature and precipitation data from 1950 to 2020 from 110 meteorological stations over Kazakhstan and in addition wheat cultivation data, the research aims to analyze climate change, drought occurrence, and wheat cultivation trends in Kazakhstan in recent 70 years and investigate relationships between wheat productivity and drought. The linear method and two drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index) and in addition, Pearson's correlation coefficient have been used to characterise the climate change trends and vulnerability of agriculture in Kazakhstan to drought. The geographic information system (GIS) was applied to display climate change, drought, and wheat referenced information. The research has shown that the 70-year (1950-2020) linear rates of annual mean surface temperature in Kazakhstan have significantly increased (on average 0.31 °C per decade) with the precipitation trends are not obvious and fluctuated trends of drought. The wheat yield demonstrates strong internal variability and wheat yields were significantly correlated with 3-month June and July drought indices over the period of 1950-2020. The results underline the potential susceptibility of wheat yields in Kazakhstan to any future reductions in precipitation and increase in drought occurrence and intensity.},
}
@article {pmid35026932,
year = {2000},
author = {Keyser, AR and Kimball, JS and Nemani, RR and Running, SW},
title = {Simulating the effects of climate change on the carbon balance of North American high-latitude forests.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {6},
number = {S1},
pages = {185-195},
pmid = {35026932},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {The large magnitude of predicted warming at high latitudes and the potential feedback of ecosystems to atmospheric CO2 concentrations make it important to quantify both warming and its effects on high-latitude carbon balance. We analysed long-term, daily surface meteorological records for 13 sites in Alaska and north-western Canada and an 82-y record of river ice breakup date for the Tanana River in interior Alaska. We found increases in winter and spring temperature extrema for all sites, with the greatest increases in spring minimum temperature, average 0.47 °C per 10 y, and a 0.7-day per 10 y advance in ice breakup on the Tanana River. We used the climate records to drive an ecosystem process model, BIOME_BGC, to simulate the effects of climate change on the carbon and water balances of boreal forest ecosystems. The growing season has lengthened by an average of 2.6 days per 10 y with an advance in average leaf onset date of 1.10 days per 10 y. This advance in the start of the active growing season correlates positively with progressively earlier ice breakup on the Tanana River in interior Alaska. The advance in the start of the growing season resulted in a 20% increase in net primary production for both aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white spruce (Picea glauca) stands. Aspen had a greater mean increase in maintenance respiration than spruce, whereas spruce had a greater mean increase in evapotranspiration. Average decomposition rates also increased for both species. Both net primary production and decomposition are enhanced in our simulations, suggesting that productive forest types may not experience a significant shift in net carbon flux as a result of climate warming.},
}
@article {pmid35026270,
year = {2022},
author = {Wang, Y and Tao, F and Chen, Y and Yin, L},
title = {Interactive impacts of climate change and agricultural management on soil organic carbon sequestration potential of cropland in China over the coming decades.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {153018},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153018},
pmid = {35026270},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Cropland plays an important role in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) sequestration. Although the SOC stock and its dynamic in the past decades have been extensively investigated, the information as to where, how much, and how SOC could be potentially sequestered in the coming decades has rarely been available. Here, the Rothamsted Carbon model was applied to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of SOC sequestration potential for China's cropland in 2021-2040 at 1 km resolution, as well as the interactive impacts of climate change and agricultural management on SOC sequestration. Under the combined impacts of climate change and C input, the SOC sequestration of China's cropland in 2021-2040 would be about 0.56 Mg C ha-1 (0.06% yr-1), 1.33 Mg C ha-1 (0.15% yr-1), 2.10 Mg C ha-1 (0.24% yr-1), and 3.65 Mg C ha-1 (0.41% yr-1), with no increase, 5%, 10%, and 20% increase of C input, respectively. Therefore, a >20% increase in C input would be necessary to realize the promise of the '4 per 1000' initiative. Climate change would decrease SOC sequestration by 26.6-27.6 Tg yr-1 (or 60.4-62.7%). An increase of C input by 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% relative to business as usual (BAU) would increase SOC sequestration by 4.8 (or 10.8%), 6.6 (or 14.9%), 13.1 (or 29.8%), and 26.2 (or 59.6%) Tg yr-1, respectively. The contributions of temperature, precipitation, and C input to SOC sequestration will be averagely 18.6%, 22.4%, and 59.0%, respectively. Our findings quantify the SOC sequestration in 2021-2040 at a high spatial resolution under the interactive impacts of climate change and agricultural management, which help to identify potential foci and develop region-specific measures to increase SOC sequestration efficiently.},
}
@article {pmid35025640,
year = {2022},
author = {Fricke, EC and Ordonez, A and Rogers, HS and Svenning, JC},
title = {The effects of defaunation on plants' capacity to track climate change.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {375},
number = {6577},
pages = {210-214},
doi = {10.1126/science.abk3510},
pmid = {35025640},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid35025040,
year = {2022},
author = {Sun, L and Fang, S and Iqbal, S and Bilal, AR},
title = {Financial stability role on climate risks, and climate change mitigation: Implications for green economic recovery.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11356-021-17439-w},
pmid = {35025040},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {As a response to the topic of how financial stability might be used to effectively finance for the mitigation of climate change and climate risks, it is important to look at the carbon risk that is still present in G-5 nations. The goal of our research is to determine the impact of financial stability on climate risk in order to effectively manage climate mitigation efforts. A technique called GMM is used to achieve this goal. Climate change mitigation was found to be substantial at 18 percent, while financial stability and carbon hazards were found significant at 21 percent, according to the conclusions of the study. Furthermore, the G-5 countries' 19.5% correlation between financial stability and emissions drift, which raises climate change concerns, is noteworthy. In order to implement green economic recovery methods, one of the most strongly regarded approaches to mitigating climate change and ensuring long-term financial potential at the national scale, a country's financial stability is required. The research on green economic expansion also offers the associated stakeholders with detailed policy implications on this relevance.},
}
@article {pmid35020673,
year = {2022},
author = {Haddock, R and de Latour, R and Siau, K and Hayee, B and Gayam, S},
title = {Climate Change and Gastroenterology: Planetary Primum Non Nocere and How Industry Must Help.},
journal = {The American journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.14309/ajg.0000000000001604},
pmid = {35020673},
issn = {1572-0241},
abstract = {Climate change is a global emergency. Increasing awareness has led to policy changes regarding global industry emissions. The healthcare industry carbon footprint is large and growing more and more. Gastroenterology, with its heavy reliance on industry, is a major contributor toward this growth. For a significant change toward reducing the field's carbon footprint, it would involve serious industry commitment. At present, there are no clear guidelines or regulations on controlling healthcare-related industry emissions and improving sustainability. This narrative review aims to provide practical suggestions at each step of the supply chain can lead to greater sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid35019053,
year = {2022},
author = {Álvarez-Miño, L and Montoya, RT},
title = {Taxonomy for citizen actions on public health and climate change: a proposal.},
journal = {Revista de saude publica},
volume = {55},
number = {},
pages = {119},
doi = {10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003823},
pmid = {35019053},
issn = {1518-8787},
abstract = {Facing complex issues such as climate change and its effects on public health require the participation of various actors. The research tool citizen science is one way for people to get involved. Through it, citizens collaborate with scientists to find solutions to problems in their territories. From a participatory work with citizens, we designed a taxonomy proposal, which can facilitate citizen and community action in suggesting research ideas. We expect stakeholders to use it to systematically classify and code initial questions and answers on public health and climate change issues. The development of this taxonomy integrates the global agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in such a way that citizens not only help their communities but also, the direct fulfillment of SDGs such as Climate Action (SDG 13), indirectly impacting other SDGs - given their interdependent nature (SDG 3, SDG 5, SDG 6, SDG 7, SDG 11, SDG 12). The systematic classification and coding of citizens' contributions worldwide will contribute to the large-scale organized collection of information to be analyzed in proposing better responses to reduce the impacts of climate change on health.},
}
@article {pmid35018840,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {Global Climate Change and News of Difference: Collective Action for Planetary Health and Family Health.},
journal = {Journal of family nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10748407211070079},
doi = {10.1177/10748407211070079},
pmid = {35018840},
issn = {1552-549X},
}
@article {pmid35018130,
year = {2022},
author = {Chatterjee, R and Chatterjee, A and Islam, SH},
title = {Deep learning techniques for observing the impact of the global warming from satellite images of water-bodies.},
journal = {Multimedia tools and applications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-16},
doi = {10.1007/s11042-021-11811-1},
pmid = {35018130},
issn = {1380-7501},
abstract = {Global warming is a threat to modern human civilization. There are different reasons for speed up the global average temperature. The consequences are catastrophic for human existence. Seafloor rise, drought, flood, wildfire, dry riverbed are some of the consequences. This paper analyzes the changes in boundaries of different water bodies such as fresh-water lakes and glacial lakes. Over time, the area covered by a water body has been varied due to human interventions or natural causes. Here, variants of Detectron2 instance segmentation architectures have been employed to detect a water-body and compute the changes in its area from the time-lapsed images captured over 32 years, that is, 1984 to 2016. The models are validated using water-bodies images taken by the Sentinel-2 Satellite and compared based on the average precision (AP), 99.95 and 94.51 at A P 50 and A P 75 metrics, respectively. In addition, an ensemble approach has also been introduced for the efficient identification of shrinkage or expansion of water bodies.},
}
@article {pmid35017586,
year = {2022},
author = {Paudel Timilsena, B and Niassy, S and Kimathi, E and Abdel-Rahman, EM and Seidl-Adams, I and Wamalwa, M and Tonnang, HEZ and Ekesi, S and Hughes, DP and Rajotte, EG and Subramanian, S},
title = {Potential distribution of fall armyworm in Africa and beyond, considering climate change and irrigation patterns.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {539},
pmid = {35017586},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW), first invaded Africa in 2016 and has since become established in many areas across the continent where it poses a serious threat to food and nutrition security. We re-parameterized the existing CLIMEX model to assess the FAW global invasion threat, emphasizing the risk of transient and permanent population establishment in Africa under current and projected future climates, considering irrigation patterns. FAW can establish itself in almost all countries in eastern and central Africa and a large part of western Africa under the current climate. Climatic barriers, such as heat and dry stresses, may limit the spread of FAW to North and South Africa. Future projections suggest that FAW invasive range will retract from both northern and southern regions towards the equator. However, a large area in eastern and central Africa is projected to have an optimal climate for FAW persistence. These areas will serve as FAW 'hotspots' from where it may migrate to the north and south during favorable seasons and then pose an economic threat. Our projections can be used to identify countries at risk for permanent and transient FAW-population establishment and inform timely integrated pest management interventions under present and future climate in Africa.},
}
@article {pmid35015248,
year = {2022},
author = {Carmen, E and Fazey, I and Ross, H and Bedinger, M and Smith, FM and Prager, K and McClymont, K and Morrison, D},
title = {Building community resilience in a context of climate change: The role of social capital.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35015248},
issn = {1654-7209},
support = {ES/J500136/1//Economic and Social Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {Social capital is considered important for resilience across social levels, including communities, yet insights are scattered across disciplines. This meta-synthesis of 187 studies examines conceptual and empirical understandings of how social capital relates to resilience, identifying implications for community resilience and climate change practice. Different conceptualisations are highlighted, yet also limited focus on underlying dimensions of social capital and proactive types of resilience for engaging with the complex climate change challenge. Empirical insights show that structural and socio-cultural aspects of social capital, multiple other factors and formal actors are all important for shaping the role of social capital for guiding resilience outcomes. Thus, finding ways to work with these different elements is important. Greater attention on how and why outcomes emerge, interactions between factors, approaches of formal actors and different socio-cultural dimensions will advance understandings about how to nurture social capital for resilience in the context of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid35013960,
year = {2022},
author = {Bhardwaj, M and Kumar, P and Kumar, S and Dagar, V and Kumar, A},
title = {A district-level analysis for measuring the effects of climate change on production of agricultural crops, i.e., wheat and paddy: evidence from India.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35013960},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {The present study aims to examine the impact of climate change on wheat and rice yield in Punjab, India, during 1981-2017. The study employs fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and pooled mean group (PMG) approaches. The Pedroni cointegration has established a long-run relationship of climate variables with rice and wheat crops. FMOLS and DOLS models show that minimum temperature has a positive effect on both wheat and rice. In contrast, the maximum temperature is found to be negatively contributing to both crops. Rainfall has a significant adverse impact on the production of wheat. In the study period, seasonal rainfall has been found detrimental for the production of wheat and rice crops, indicating that excess rainfall proved counterproductive. Moreover, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test has revealed a unidirectional causality running from minimum temperature, rainfall, and maximum temperature for rice and wheat production. The findings of the study suggest that the government should invest in developing stress-tolerant varieties of wheat and rice, managing crop residuals to curb other environmental effects, and sustaining natural resources for ensuring food security.},
}
@article {pmid35013464,
year = {2022},
author = {Kaufman, J and Vicedo-Cabrera, AM and Tam, V and Song, L and Coffel, E and Tasian, G},
title = {The impact of heat on kidney stone presentations in South Carolina under two climate change scenarios.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {369},
pmid = {35013464},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {K23DK106428/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The risk of kidney stone presentations increases after hot days, likely due to greater insensible water losses resulting in more concentrated urine and altered urinary flow. It is thus expected that higher temperatures from climate change will increase the global prevalence of kidney stones if no adaptation measures are put in place. This study aims to quantify the impact of heat on kidney stone presentations through 2089, using South Carolina as a model state. We used a time series analysis of historical kidney stone presentations (1997-2014) and distributed lag non-linear models to estimate the temperature dependence of kidney stone presentations, and then quantified the projected impact of climate change on future heat-related kidney stone presentations using daily projections of wet-bulb temperatures to 2089, assuming no adaptation or demographic changes. Two climate change models were considered-one assuming aggressive reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 4.5) and one representing uninibited greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 8.5). The estimated total statewide kidney stone presentations attributable to heat are projected to increase by 2.2% in RCP 4.5 and 3.9% in RCP 8.5 by 2085-89 (vs. 2010-2014), with an associated total excess cost of ~ $57 million and ~ $99 million, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid35012989,
year = {2022},
author = {Van Doren, BM},
title = {How migratory birds might have tracked past climate change.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2121738119},
pmid = {35012989},
issn = {1091-6490},
}
@article {pmid35010857,
year = {2022},
author = {Leal Filho, W and Nagy, GJ and Martinho, F and Saroar, M and Erache, MG and Primo, AL and Pardal, MA and Li, C},
title = {Influences of Climate Change and Variability on Estuarine Ecosystems: An Impact Study in Selected European, South American and Asian Countries.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010585},
pmid = {35010857},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {It is well-known that climate change significantly impacts ecosystems (at the macro-level) and individual species (at the micro-level). Among the former, estuaries are the most vulnerable and affected ecosystems. However, despite the strong relations between climate change and estuaries, there is a gap in the literature regarding international studies across different regions investigating the impacts of climate change and variability on estuaries in different geographical zones. This paper addresses this need and reviews the impacts of climate change, variability and extreme weather on estuaries. It emphasises the following: (i) a set of climate parameters governing estuarine hydrology and processes; and (ii) a sample of countries in Asia (Bangladesh), Europe (Portugal) and South America (Uruguay). We reviewed the influences of the climatic drivers of the estuarine hydrology, ecological processes and specific species in estuarine communities across the selected geographical regions, along with an analysis of their long-term implications. The key results from the three estuaries are as following: (i) Hilsa fish, of which the catches contribute to 10% of the total earnings of the fishery sector (1% of GDP), are affected by climate-forced hydrological and productivity changes in the Meghna; (ii) extreme droughts and short-term severe precipitation have driven the long-term abundance and spatial distribution of both fish larvae and juveniles/adults in the Mondego; and (iii) the river inflow and fluctuations increases since the early 1970s have contributed to variations in the salinity, the stratification, the oxygen, nutrient and trophic levels and the spatial pattern for the life stages of planktonic species, fish biomass and captures in the Rio de la Plata. The results suggested that immediate action is needed to reduce the vulnerability of estuaries to climate stressors, mainly the changing river flows, storms and sea-level rise. As a contribution to addressing current problems, we described a set of adaptation strategies to foster climate resilience and adaptive capacity (e.g., early-warning systems, dam management to prevent overflows and adaptive fisheries management). The implications of this paper are two-fold. Firstly, it showcases a variety of problems that estuaries face from changing climate conditions. Secondly, the paper outlines the need for suitable adaptive management strategies to safeguard the integrity of such vital ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid35010816,
year = {2022},
author = {Shen, J and Duan, W and Wang, Y and Zhang, Y},
title = {Household Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Change in West China.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010551},
pmid = {35010816},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {71761147003//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project/ ; 71903058//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change disproportionately affects natural resource-dependent communities in the ecologically vulnerable regions of western China. This study used the household livelihood vulnerability index under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (HLV-IPCC) to assess vulnerability. Data were collected from 823 households in Ningxia, Gansu, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces, these being ecologically vulnerable regions in China. With a composite HLVI-IPCC and multiple regression model, the factors that affect households' adaptive capability to HLVI-IPCC was estimated. Results indicate that Ningxia is the most vulnerable community, while Guangxi is the least vulnerable community across all indices. Moreover, Gansu has the heaviest sensitivity and exposure to climate change, whereas Ningxia has the highest adaptive capability to climate change. In addition, the age of household head and distance of the home to the town center had significant negative impacts on households' adaptive capacity to HLVI-IPCC. The results also suggest that the HLVI assessment can provide an effective tool for local authorities to formulate prioritizing strategies with promoting climate-resilient development and increasing long-term adaptive capacity.},
}
@article {pmid35010724,
year = {2022},
author = {Shimada, G},
title = {The Impact of Climate-Change-Related Disasters on Africa's Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Conflicts: Can Humanitarian Aid and Food Assistance Offset the Damage?.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010467},
pmid = {35010724},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {18H03606//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
abstract = {This study analyzed the impact of climate-related natural disasters (droughts, floods, storms/rainstorms) on economic and social variables. As the Africa-specific empirical literature is limited, this study used panel data from 1961-2011 on Africa. The study used a panel data regression model analysis. The results showed that climate change-related natural disasters affected Africa's economic growth, agriculture, and poverty and caused armed conflicts. Among the disasters, droughts are the main cause of negative impact, severely affecting crops such as maize and coffee and resulting in increased urban poverty and armed conflicts. In contrast, international aid has a positive effect but the impact is insignificant compared to the negative consequences of climate-related natural disasters. Cereal food assistance has a negative crowding-out effect on cereal production. International donors should review their interventions to support Africa's adaptative capacity to disasters. Government efficiency has reduced the number of deaths, and this is an area that supports Africa's adaptative efforts.},
}
@article {pmid35010293,
year = {2021},
author = {Adepoju, OE and Han, D and Chae, M and Smith, KL and Gilbert, L and Choudhury, S and Woodard, L},
title = {Health Disparities and Climate Change: The Intersection of Three Disaster Events on Vulnerable Communities in Houston, Texas.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010035},
pmid = {35010293},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {62322251//Walmart (United States)/ ; },
abstract = {Although evidence suggests that successive climate disasters are on the rise, few studies have documented the disproportionate impacts on communities of color. Through the unique lens of successive disaster events (Hurricane Harvey and Winter Storm Uri) coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed disaster exposure in minority communities in Harris County, Texas. A mixed methods approach employing qualitative and quantitative designs was used to examine the relationships between successive disasters (and the role of climate change), population geography, race, and health disparities-related outcomes. This study identified four communities in the greater Houston area with predominantly non-Hispanic African American residents. We used data chronicling the local community and environment to build base maps and conducted spatial analyses using Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping. We complemented these data with focus groups to assess participants' experiences in disaster planning and recovery, as well as community resilience. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns. Across all four communities, we observed significant Hurricane Harvey flooding and significantly greater exposure to 10 of the 11 COVID-19 risk factors examined, compared to the rest of the county. Spatial analyses reveal higher disease burden, greater social vulnerability, and significantly higher community-level risk factors for both pandemics and disaster events in the four communities, compared to all other communities in Harris County. Two themes emerged from thematic data analysis: (1) Prior disaster exposure prepared minority populations in Harris County to better handle subsequent disaster suggesting enhanced disaster resilience, and (2) social connectedness was key to disaster resiliency. Long-standing disparities make people of color at greater risk for social vulnerability. Addressing climate change offers the potential to alleviate these health disparities.},
}
@article {pmid35010275,
year = {2021},
author = {Kim, W and Che, C and Jeong, C},
title = {Hotel Guests' Psychological Distance of Climate Change and Environment-Friendly Behavior Intention.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010016},
pmid = {35010275},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Climate change is certainly a global problem that negatively affects all nations, and thus all humans, on the globe. Nevertheless, little is known about people's perceptions of climate change and its effects on people's attitudinal and behavioral responses to climate change. The present study successfully addressed how hotel guests' environment-friendly behavior intention is formed through their self-perception as a member of the global community and their psychological distance of climate change. An online survey was used to collect quantitative data from hotel guests to verify the hypotheses. Our test results supported all the hypotheses in our conceptual model. Consequently, the findings of this study satisfactorily explained how hotel guests form their intention to engage in environment-friendly behaviors while they are staying at hotels.},
}
@article {pmid35010126,
year = {2022},
author = {Verma, KK and Song, XP and Joshi, A and Tian, DD and Rajput, VD and Singh, M and Arora, J and Minkina, T and Li, YR},
title = {Recent Trends in Nano-Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture under Climate Change for Global Food Security.},
journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nano12010173},
pmid = {35010126},
issn = {2079-4991},
support = {nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03//Guangxi Innovation Teams of Modern Agriculture Technology/ ; 31901594//Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31760415//The National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021GXNSFAA220022//Guangxi Natural Science Foundation/ ; 2021YT011//Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Nano-fertilizers (NFs) significantly improve soil quality and plant growth performance and enhance crop production with quality fruits/grains. The management of macro-micronutrients is a big task globally, as it relies predominantly on synthetic chemical fertilizers which may not be environmentally friendly for human beings and may be expensive for farmers. NFs may enhance nutrient uptake and plant production by regulating the availability of fertilizers in the rhizosphere; extend stress resistance by improving nutritional capacity; and increase plant defense mechanisms. They may also substitute for synthetic fertilizers for sustainable agriculture, being found more suitable for stimulation of plant development. They are associated with mitigating environmental stresses and enhancing tolerance abilities under adverse atmospheric eco-variables. Recent trends in NFs explored relevant agri-technology to fill the gaps and assure long-term beneficial agriculture strategies to safeguard food security globally. Accordingly, nanoparticles are emerging as a cutting-edge agri-technology for agri-improvement in the near future. Interestingly, they do confer stress resistance capabilities to crop plants. The effective and appropriate mechanisms are revealed in this article to update researchers widely.},
}
@article {pmid35009124,
year = {2021},
author = {Yao, L and Wang, D and Wang, D and Li, S and Chen, Y and Guo, Y},
title = {Phenotypic Plasticity and Local Adaptation of Leaf Cuticular Waxes Favor Perennial Alpine Herbs under Climate Change.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants11010120},
pmid = {35009124},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {31672487//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31771694//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Six perennial herbs (Plantago asiatica, Polygonum viviparum, Anaphalis lactea, Kobresia humilis, Leontopodium nanum and Potentilla chinensis) widely distributed in alpine meadows were reciprocally transplanted at two sites in eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Hongyuan (3434 m, 2.97 °C, 911 mm) and Qilian (3701 m, 2.52 °C, 472 mm), aiming to evaluate the responses of alpine plants to changing environments. When plants were transplanted from Hongyuan to Qilian, most plant species showed a decrease of total wax coverage in first year and reverse trend was observed for some plant species in second year. However, when plants were transplanted from Qilian to Hongyuan, the response of total wax coverage differed greatly between plant species. When compared with those in first year, plasticity index of average chain length of alkane decreased whereas carbon preference index of alkane increased at both Hongyuan and Qilian in second year. The total wax coverage differed between local and transplanted plants, suggesting both environmental and genetic factors controlled the wax depositions. Structural equation modeling indicated that co-variations existed between leaf cuticular waxes and leaf functional traits. These results suggest that alpine herbs adjust both wax depositions and chain length distributions to adapt to changing environment, showing climate adaptations.},
}
@article {pmid35009073,
year = {2021},
author = {Nunes, LJR and Meireles, CIR and Gomes, CJP and Ribeiro, NMCA},
title = {The Impact of Climate Change on Forest Development: A Sustainable Approach to Management Models Applied to Mediterranean-Type Climate Regions.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants11010069},
pmid = {35009073},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {UIDP/05975/2020//FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/ ; },
abstract = {Forest ecosystems are divided into three major groups: boreal, temperate, and tropical. These can be subdivided according to the particularities of each type due to its relative location (littoral, mountain, etc.), climatic conditions, or even geological substrate. Climate change affects each type of forest ecosystem differently. However, it seems to affect temperate forests in Mediterranean-type climate regions more intensely. These regions are located over several continents, with major impacts of increased temperature during summer and decreased precipitation during winter. This situation affects Mediterranean forest ecosystems by increasing the risk of fires, which arise more frequently and are more severe. In addition, the emergence of pests and the spread of invasive species are well-known problems affecting these ecosystems. All of these conditions contribute to losses of productivity and biodiversity. To avoid the destruction of forest resources, and since Mediterranean-type climate regions are considered climate change hot spots with increased vulnerability to disturbances, the implementation of adaptive forest management models could contribute to increasing the resilience of such forests, which could also contribute to mitigating climate change.},
}
@article {pmid35007947,
year = {2022},
author = {Galway, LP and Esquega, E and Jones-Casey, K},
title = {"Land is everything, land is us": Exploring the connections between climate change, land, and health in Fort William First Nation.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {294},
number = {},
pages = {114700},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114700},
pmid = {35007947},
issn = {1873-5347},
abstract = {The myriad and cumulative impacts of climate change on land, communities, and health are increasingly evident worldwide. Throughout 2019 and 2020, Fort William First Nation and researchers at Lakehead University conducted a project to document and understand connections among climate change, land, and health from the perspective of Elders, knowledge keepers, and community members with close ties to the land. Fort William First Nation is an Anishinaabe community located on the shores of Lake Superior/Kitchigami in Northern Ontario and within Robinson-Superior Treaty territory. This paper describes the analysis of interviews with 22 community members. Two-Eyed Seeing, an approach that centers the working together of Indigenous and non-Indigenous knowledges and peoples and demands respectful relationship building, guided our project and analysis. Our analysis identified five themes: 1) observations and experiences of changes on the land, 2) lack of care and respect for Mother Earth as the root cause of climate change, 3) healthy land, healthy people, 4) youth and future generations, and 5) (re-)connecting with land and culture. 'All our Relations' is a thread woven across these themes emphasizing that climate change is understood and experienced through relationships and relationality. As concluding thoughts and reflections, we share three specific offerings of particular relevance to those engaging in climate change and health research and action with Indigenous peoples and communities. First, this research has highlighted the importance of explicitly centering land when exploring the links between climate change and health. Second, we reflect on the value of both the Two-Eyed Seeing approach and the Medicine Wheel in guiding climate change and health research. Third, we argue for an explicit focus on relationships and relationality in efforts aimed at understanding and addressing climate change.},
}
@article {pmid35007587,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, Y and Hou, R and Liu, X and Chen, Y and Tao, F},
title = {Changes in wheat traits under future climate change and their contributions to yield changes in conventional vs. conservational tillage systems.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {152947},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152947},
pmid = {35007587},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Exploring the changes in wheat traits under future climate change and their contributions to yield changes is essential to improve the understanding of climate impact mechanisms and develop climate-resilient cultivars, which however has been seldom conducted. In this study, using a process-based crop model (APSIM-Wheat), meta-regression analyses, and machine learning approaches, we assessed the impacts of different warming levels on soil environments and wheat traits; investigated the impacts of future climate change on wheat traits, growth and development; and identified the favorable wheat traits for breeding under future climate change conditions. Meta-analyses showed that climate warming could significantly advance anthesis date by 3.50% and shorten the entire growth duration by 1.18%, although the duration from anthesis to maturity could be elongated by 7.72%. It could also increase grain yield slightly by 2.72% in the North China Plain, mainly due to the increase in biomass by 6.66%, grain weight by 3.86% and the elongating grain-filling period. However, high temperatures could significantly reduce aboveground biomass. The APSIM-Wheat model was validated based on three years' high-quality environment-controlled experimental data in the long-term warming and conservation tillage fields at Yucheng comprehensive experiment station in the North China Plain. The results showed that the mean yield would decrease under RCP4.5 for both tillage managements (CT: 0.55%, NT: 6.88%), but increase CT yield (7.7%) under RCP8.5, relative to 1980-2010, owing to the interactive impacts of climate, CO2 and tillage on wheat traits. Soil moisture would play a more important role in biomass, yield, height, LAI, and grain number for conventional tillage than for no-tillage system, and in the future than in the historical period. Our findings gained insights into the impacts of climate change on wheat traits and yield under different tillage managements, which are essential to understand climate change impact mechanisms and develop climate-resilient cultivars.},
}
@article {pmid35005276,
year = {2021},
author = {Ogunleye, A and Kehinde, A and Mishra, A and Ogundeji, A},
title = {Impacts of farmers' participation in social capital networks on climate change adaptation strategies adoption in Nigeria.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {12},
pages = {e08624},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08624},
pmid = {35005276},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Most studies on climate change adaptation strategies adoption have focused on economic factors with little or no attention to the impact of collective actions and social capital networks. This paper investigates how farmers' participation in social capital networks influenced climate change adaptation strategies adoption in Nigeria. This study was carried out in the South-western Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, binary probit regression, multinomial logit regression, endogenous switching regression and multinomial endogenous switching regression models. The results suggest that significant differences exist in the years of membership in the social capital networks, access to weather information and market between farm managers who adopted climate change adaptation strategies and those who did not. Plot managers who adopted climate change adaptation strategies are found to have obtained much mean yield and farm revenue than their counterparts. The results further show that participation in the social capital networks does not only significantly influence plot manager's decision to adopt but also influences the choice of climate change adaptation strategies adopted by farmers. The study concludes that a farmer who chooses to participate in social capital networks has a higher level of adopting climate change adaptation strategies than what a random farmer would have had in Nigeria. We recommend that policies aimed at increasing the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies among farmers should be channelled through locally organised farmers-based social capital networks.},
}
@article {pmid35003694,
year = {2021},
author = {Lemoine, NP},
title = {Phenology dictates the impact of climate change on geographic distributions of six co-occurring North American grasshoppers.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {24},
pages = {18575-18590},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.8463},
pmid = {35003694},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Throughout the last century, climate change has altered the geographic distributions of many species. Insects, in particular, vary in their ability to track changing climates, and it is likely that phenology is an important determinant of how well insects can either expand or shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change. Grasshoppers are an ideal group to test the hypothesis that phenology correlates with range expansion, given that co-occurring confamilial, and even congeneric, species can differ in phenology. Here, I tested the hypothesis that early- and late-season species should possess different range expansion potentials, as estimated by habitat suitability from ecological niche models. I used nine different modeling techniques to estimate habitat suitability of six grasshopper species of varying phenology under two climate scenarios for the year 2050. My results suggest that, of the six species examined here, early-season species were more sensitive to climate change than late-season species. The three early-season species examined here might shift northward during the spring, while the modeled geographic distributions of the three late-season species were generally constant under climate change, likely because they were pre-adapted to hot and dry conditions. Phenology might therefore be a good predictor of how insect distributions might change in the future, but this hypothesis remains to be tested at a broader scale.},
}
@article {pmid35003678,
year = {2021},
author = {Huang, J},
title = {Effects of climate change on different geographical populations of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {24},
pages = {18357-18368},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.8426},
pmid = {35003678},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The effects of climate change on pest phenology and population size are highly variable. Understanding the impacts of localized climate change on pest distribution and phenology is helpful for improving integrated pest management strategies. Here, the population dynamics of cotton bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera) from Maigaiti County, south Xinjiang, and Shawan County, north Xinjiang, China, were analyzed using a 29-year dataset at lower latitudes and a 23-year dataset at higher latitudes to determine the effects of climate change on the population dynamics of H. armigera. The results showed that all generations of H. armigera at both sites showed increasing trends in population size with climate warming. Abrupt changes in phenology and population number occurred after abrupt temperature changes. Climate change had a greater effect on the phenology of H. armigera at higher latitudes than at lower latitudes and led to a greater increase in population size at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes; the temperature increase at higher latitudes will cause a greater increase in the adult moth population size in the future compared to that at lower latitudes; and abrupt changes in the phenology, temperature increase, and population size at lower latitudes occurred earlier than those at higher latitudes. Thus, it is necessary to develop sustainable management strategies for Helicoverpa armigera at an early stage.},
}
@article {pmid35003667,
year = {2021},
author = {Amarasinghe, P and Barve, N and Kathriarachchi, H and Loiselle, B and Cellinese, N},
title = {Niche dynamics of Memecylon in Sri Lanka: Distribution patterns, climate change effects, and conservation priorities.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {24},
pages = {18196-18215},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.8415},
pmid = {35003667},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Recent climate projections have shown that the distribution of organisms in island biotas is highly affected by climate change. Here, we present the result of the analysis of niche dynamics of a plant group, Memecylon, in Sri Lanka, an island, using species occurrences and climate data. We aim to determine which climate variables explain current distribution, model how climate change impacts the availability of suitable habitat for Memecylon, and determine conservation priority areas for Sri Lankan Memecylon. We used georeferenced occurrence data of Sri Lankan Memecylon to develop ecological niche models and assess both current and future potential distributions under six climate change scenarios in 2041-2060 and 2061-2080. We also overlaid land cover and protected area maps and performed a gap analysis to understand the impacts of land-cover changes on Memecylon distributions and propose new areas for conservation. Differences among suitable habitats of Memecylon were found to be related to patterns of endemism. Under varying future climate scenarios, endemic groups were predicted to experience habitat shifts, gains, or losses. The narrow endemic Memecylon restricted to the montane zone were predicted to be the most impacted by climate change. Projections also indicated that changes in species' habitats can be expected as early as 2041-2060. Gap analysis showed that while narrow endemic categories are considerably protected as demonstrated by their overlap with protected areas, more conservation efforts in Sri Lankan forests containing wide endemic and nonendemic Memecylon are needed. This research helped clarify general patterns of responses of Sri Lankan Memecylon to global climate change. Data from this study are useful for designing measures aimed at filling the gaps in forest conservation on this island.},
}
@article {pmid35002262,
year = {2021},
author = {Hauser, N and Conlon, KC and Desai, A and Kobziar, LN},
title = {Climate Change and Infections on the Move in North America.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {5711-5723},
doi = {10.2147/IDR.S305077},
pmid = {35002262},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {Climate change is increasingly recognized for its impacts on human health, including how biotic and abiotic factors are driving shifts in infectious disease. Changes in ecological conditions and processes due to temperature and precipitation fluctuations and intensified disturbance regimes are affecting infectious pathogen transmission, habitat, hosts, and the characteristics of pathogens themselves. Understanding the relationships between climate change and infectious diseases can help clinicians broaden the scope of differential diagnoses when interviewing, diagnosing, and treating patients presenting with infections lacking obvious agents or transmission pathways. Here, we highlight key examples of how the mechanisms of climate change affect infectious diseases associated with water, fire, land, insects, and human transmission pathways in the hope of expanding the analytical framework for infectious disease diagnoses. Increased awareness of these relationships can help prepare both clinical physicians and epidemiologists for continued impacts of climate change on infectious disease in the future.},
}
@article {pmid34999232,
year = {2022},
author = {Roos, EJ},
title = {Call for Leadership: climate change and the future health of girls.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpag.2021.12.015},
pmid = {34999232},
issn = {1873-4332},
}
@article {pmid34998456,
year = {2022},
author = {Adyel, TM and Macreadie, PI},
title = {Plastics in blue carbon ecosystems: a call for global cooperation on climate change goals.},
journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {e2-e3},
doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00327-2},
pmid = {34998456},
issn = {2542-5196},
}
@article {pmid34997302,
year = {2022},
author = {Shabani, Y and Pauline, NM},
title = {Perceived Effective Adaptation Strategies against Climate Change Impacts: Perspectives of Maize Growers in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34997302},
issn = {1432-1009},
abstract = {The world has been experiencing a tremendous increase in the average of warmth and shifts in rainfall quantity, seasonality, and occurrence of prolonged droughts, increased temperatures and intense precipitation. This study assessed effective adaptation strategies used by maize growers in cushioning climate change impacts in Iringa district. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and participant observations, while quantitative data were collected using household questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected covering a wide range of climate change impacts and response strategies. We found that maize production has decreased during the past two decades, since the year 2000 (i.e., from the average of 10-15 to 2-5 maize sacks per acre). It was affirmed that increased yield outputs and incomes are among the key determinants for the effectiveness of a response strategy. Findings indicate that some response strategies indicated a significant increase in maize crop yield. Such responses include using improved maize variety (P = 0.000 (P < 0.05), drought-tolerant crop (P = 0.014 (P < 0.05), changing planting dates (P = 0.001 (P < 0.05) and crop rotation (P = 0.000 (P < 0.05). Barriers such as access to capital, poor farming technologies, absence of improved maize agencies or shops, poor access to weather information and high prices for farm inputs to adopting effective adaptation strategies were uncovered. Moreover, most adaptation strategies were found to significantly increase crop production to most of the household farmers, thus leading to high mazie production. Thus, maize growers need support to enhance their locally-led adaptation options to climatic impacts.},
}
@article {pmid34996025,
year = {2022},
author = {Faverdin, P and Guyomard, H and Puillet, L and Forslund, A},
title = {Animal board invited review: Specialising and intensifying cattle production for better efficiency and less global warming: contrasting results for milk and meat co-production at different scales.},
journal = {Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {100431},
doi = {10.1016/j.animal.2021.100431},
pmid = {34996025},
issn = {1751-732X},
abstract = {Cattle are the world's largest consumers of plant biomass. Digestion of this biomass by ruminants generates high methane emissions that affect global warming. In the last decades, the specialisation of cattle breeds and livestock systems towards either milk or meat has increased the milk production of dairy cows and the carcass weight of slaughtered cattle. At the animal level and farm level, improved animal performance decreases feed use and greenhouse gas emissions per kg of milk or carcass weight, mainly through a dilution of maintenance requirements per unit of product. However, increasing milk production per dairy cow reduces meat production from the dairy sector, as there are fewer dairy cows. More beef cows are then required if one wants to maintain the same meat production level at country scale. Meat produced from the dairy herd has a better feed efficiency (less feed required per kg of carcass weight) and emits less methane than the meat produced by the cow-calf systems, because the intake of lactating cows is largely for milk production and marginally for meat, whereas the intake of beef cows is entirely for meat. Consequently, the benefits of breed specialisation assessed at the animal level and farm level may not hold when milk and meat productions are considered together. Any change in the milk-to-meat production ratio at the country level affects the numbers of beef cows required to produce meat. At the world scale, a broad diversity in feed efficiencies of cattle products is observed. Where both productions of milk per dairy cow and meat per head of cattle are low, the relationship between milk and meat efficiencies is positive. Improved management practices (feed, reproduction, health) increase the feed efficiency of both products. Where milk and meat productivities are high, a trade-off between feed efficiencies of milk and meat can be observed in relation to the share of meat produced in either the dairy sector or the beef sector. As a result, in developing countries, increasing productivities of both dairy and beef cattle herds will increase milk and meat efficiencies, reduce land use and decrease methane emissions. In other regions of the world, increasing meat production from young animals produced by dairy cows is probably a better option to reduce feed use for an unchanged milk-to-meat production ratio.},
}
@article {pmid34995939,
year = {2022},
author = {Yang, P and Zhang, S and Xia, J and Chen, Y and Zhang, Y and Cai, W and Wang, W and Wang, H and Luo, X and Chen, X},
title = {Risk assessment of water resource shortages in the Aksu River basin of northwest China under climate change.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {305},
number = {},
pages = {114394},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114394},
pmid = {34995939},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {As most of the runoff resulting from snow-ice melt is related to climate change factors in the arid region of northwest China, the risk to water resource systems threatens the socio-economic and ecological environment and is becoming increasingly prevalent. Therefore, we explored the risks of water resource shortages for different periods (2010, 2020, and 2030) in the Aksu River basin (ARB) in the northwest arid region of China by reconstructing a risk model based on the framework proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with an improved vulnerability (V) module and a more suitable hazard probability in the cost module. The major conclusions are as follows: (1) the simulation of the Community Land Model-Distributed Time Variant Gain Model (CLM-DTVGM) and the Vegetation Interface Processes model (VIP) was suitable for the eco-hydrological processes in the ARB under climate change (i.e., R2 ≥ 0.583; Nash coefficient ≥0.371; and relative mean standard ≤155.727 for CLM-DTVGM; R2 = 0.798 for VIP); (2) the vulnerability of the water resource system in the ARB was medium in 2010, and dropped to a medium-low to non-vulnerable level in 2020 before increasing in 2030 under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5); and (3) there was a medium-low risk of water resource shortages in the ARB in 2010 (i.e., 0.246), and although the risk of water resource shortages decreased in 2020 due to the increasing water supply from mountainous areas, the risk predicted to increase significantly in 2030, to a medium-high risk level. This study is critical for accurately predicting and understanding the impact of climate change on water resource systems as well as on the drought risk in arid regions.},
}
@article {pmid34993827,
year = {2022},
author = {Hussain, Z},
title = {Environmental and Economic-oriented Transport Efficiency: The Role of Climate Change Mitigation Technology.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34993827},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Transport sector is a vital aspect of economic and environment. However, it drastically contributes desirable and undesirable outputs to the economy and the environment due to its rapid development. Thus, transport efficiency related to the economy and the environment needs to be measured. Unlike existing studies that investigate environmental and economic impacts separately, this study analyzes the joint effect of economic and environmental factors. Furthermore, the role of transport-related climate change mitigation technology is also investigated using five inputs and three outputs for the period 2000 to 2020 for 35 OECD countries. This study employs two approaches: first, data envelopment analysis based on slack-based measure (DEA-SBM), and second, an advanced econometric method, i.e., cross-sectional dependence autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). DEA-SBM shows that all countries are efficient-related economic and environmental effects through the transport sector. CS-ARDL shows that transport-related climate change mitigation technology has a remarkable impact on efficiency levels. Moreover, the joint effect of environmental research and development and climate change mitigation technologies adversely impacts transport efficiency. Climate change mitigation technology related to air has a higher impact than railway and road on economic and environmental transport efficiency. Findings suggest that countries should focus on policy implications regarding transport inputs and desirable and undesirable outputs.},
}
@article {pmid34993782,
year = {2022},
author = {Sarfraz, M and Mohsin, M and Naseem, S},
title = {A blessing in disguise: new insights on the effect of COVID-19 on the carbon emission, climate change, and sustainable environment.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34993782},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {COVID-19, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a pandemic, has affected greenhouse gas emissions and contributed to the uncertainty of environmental activities. This study demonstrates the effect of lockdowns, the number of new confirmed cases, and the number of newly confirmed deaths due to COVID-19 on CO2 emissions. The data series used are for the UK from 23 March 2020 to 31 December 2020 and for Spain from 14 March 2020 to 31 December 2020. This research adopted the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test for a stationarity check of the data series, the Johansen cointegration test for determining cointegration among variables, and the vector error correction model (VEC) Granger causality test for directional cause and effect between exogenous and endogenous variables. The VEC model shows a bidirectional relationship between CO2 emissions and lockdown and a unidirectional relationship with newly confirmed cases and deaths for the UK. The results of Spain confirmed the unidirectional relationship of CO2 emissions, lockdown, new confirmed cases, and deaths. The Granger causality test reconfirms the relationship of variables except for newly confirmed deaths for the UK and newly confirmed cases for Spain. Conclusively, the pandemic breakout reduced the emission of CO2. The directional relation of variables supported the short-run relationship of CO2 emissions with newly confirmed cases and deaths, while a long- and short-run relationship was shown with lockdown. The directional and relational behavior of lockdown potentially linked the CO2 emissions with daily life activities.},
}
@article {pmid34993591,
year = {2022},
author = {Jakučionytė-Skodienė, M and Liobikienė, G},
title = {The Changes in Climate Change Concern, Responsibility Assumption and Impact on Climate-friendly Behaviour in EU from the Paris Agreement Until 2019.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00267-021-01574-8},
pmid = {34993591},
issn = {1432-1009},
abstract = {Climate change is one of the primary environmental problems broadly discussed in the Paris Agreement. In the literature, authors mainly focused on the changes in climate change concern. However, it is more important to answer whether the changes in concerns and responsibilities affect climate-friendly behaviour. Therefore, this study's objective was to analyse the changes in climate change concern, personal responsibility, and climate-friendly behaviour in EU-28 from 2015 (the launch of the Paris Agreement) to 2019 and evaluate how these changes contributed to separate actions. The changes in climate change concern and personal responsibility were statistically significant (F value). During the analysed period, the purchase of energy-efficient appliances increased the most. Meanwhile, the usage of environmentally friendly transport alternatives decreased. The determinants of changes in climate-friendly behaviour were identified using the multiple linear regression model. Results showed that changes in climate change concern significantly and positively affected waste management and choice of energy supplier which offers a greater share of energy from renewable sources and purchased of low-energy homes. Meanwhile, personal responsibility significantly and positively influenced switching energy suppliers but had a negative effect on home insulation. Furthermore, residents who performed high-cost behaviours (purchase of low-energy homes) also switched energy suppliers and insulated their homes. Therefore, the results indicated that the benefit and cost of behaviour (time, money) are very important aspects to promote climate-friendly behaviour. This study suggested that policymakers should raise public awareness about climate change and take all efforts to reduce the cost of high-cost behaviours and enable the possibilities to perform climate-friendly behaviour.},
}
@article {pmid34991281,
year = {2005},
author = {Donner, SD and Skirving, WJ and Little, CM and Oppenheimer, M and Hoegh-Guldberg, O},
title = {Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates of adaptation under climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {11},
number = {12},
pages = {2251-2265},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01073.x},
pmid = {34991281},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Elevated ocean temperatures can cause coral bleaching, the loss of colour from reef-building corals because of a breakdown of the symbiosis with the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. Recent studies have warned that global climate change could increase the frequency of coral bleaching and threaten the long-term viability of coral reefs. These assertions are based on projecting the coarse output from atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (GCMs) to the local conditions around representative coral reefs. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive global assessment of coral bleaching under climate change by adapting the NOAA Coral Reef Watch bleaching prediction method to the output of a low- and high-climate sensitivity GCM. First, we develop and test algorithms for predicting mass coral bleaching with GCM-resolution sea surface temperatures for thousands of coral reefs, using a global coral reef map and 1985-2002 bleaching prediction data. We then use the algorithms to determine the frequency of coral bleaching and required thermal adaptation by corals and their endosymbionts under two different emissions scenarios. The results indicate that bleaching could become an annual or biannual event for the vast majority of the world's coral reefs in the next 30-50 years without an increase in thermal tolerance of 0.2-1.0°C per decade. The geographic variability in required thermal adaptation found in each model and emissions scenario suggests that coral reefs in some regions, like Micronesia and western Polynesia, may be particularly vulnerable to climate change. Advances in modelling and monitoring will refine the forecast for individual reefs, but this assessment concludes that the global prognosis is unlikely to change without an accelerated effort to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.},
}
@article {pmid34989992,
year = {2022},
author = {Wahaj, Z and Alam, MM and Al-Amin, AQ},
title = {Climate change and COVID-19: shared challenges, divergent perspectives, and proposed collaborative solutions.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34989992},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Pandemics leave their mark quickly. This is true for all pandemics, including COVID-19. Its multifarious presence has wreaked havoc on people's physical, economic, and social life since late 2019. Despite the need for social science to save lives, it is also critical to ensure future generations are protected. COVID-19 appeared as the world grappled with the epidemic of climate change. This study suggests policymakers and practitioners address climate change and COVID-19 together. This article offers a narrative review of both pandemics' impacts. Scopus and Web of Science were sought databases. The findings are reported analytically using important works of contemporary social theorists. The analysis focuses on three interconnected themes: technology advancements have harmed vulnerable people; pandemics have macro- and micro-dimensions; and structural disparities. To conclude, we believe that collaborative effort is the key to combating COVID-19 and climate change, while understanding the lessons learnt from the industrialised world. Finally, policymakers can decrease the impact of global catastrophes by addressing many socioeconomic concerns concurrently.},
}
@article {pmid34989860,
year = {2022},
author = {Couet, J and Marjakangas, EL and Santangeli, A and Kålås, JA and Lindström, Å and Lehikoinen, A},
title = {Short-lived species move uphill faster under climate change.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34989860},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {307909//Academy of Finland/ ; 323527//Academy of Finland/ ; 326338//Academy of Finland/ ; 2018-02441//Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change is pushing species ranges and abundances towards the poles and mountain tops. Although many studies have documented local altitudinal shifts, knowledge of general patterns at a large spatial scale, such as a whole mountain range, is scarce. From a conservation perspective, studying altitudinal shifts in wildlife is relevant because mountain regions often represent biodiversity hotspots and are among the most vulnerable ecosystems. Here, we examine whether altitudinal shifts in birds' abundances have occurred in the Scandinavian mountains over 13 years, and assess whether such shifts are related to species' traits. Using abundance data, we show a clear pattern of uphill shift in the mean altitude of bird abundance across the Scandinavian mountains, with an average speed of 0.9 m per year. Out of 76 species, 7 shifted significantly their abundance uphill. Altitudinal shift was strongly related to species' longevity: short-lived species showed more pronounced uphill shifts in abundance than long-lived species. The observed abundance shifts suggest that uphill shifts are not only driven by a small number of individuals at the range boundaries, but the overall bird abundances are on the move. Overall, the results underscore the wide-ranging impact of climate change and the potential vulnerability of species with slow life histories, as they appear less able to timely respond to rapidly changing climatic conditions.},
}
@article {pmid34989542,
year = {2022},
author = {Wan, XN and Zhao, KY and Wu, XW and Bai, H and Yang, XY and Gu, JX},
title = {[Effects of Stalk Incorporation on Soil Carbon Sequestration, Nitrous Oxide Emissions, and Global Warming Potential of a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Field in Guanzhong Plain].},
journal = {Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {569-576},
doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.202105185},
pmid = {34989542},
issn = {0250-3301},
abstract = {The net greenhouse gas emissions from upland soils, as indicated by global warming potential (GWP), mainly depend on the soil carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The annual changes in surface (0-20 cm) soil organic carbon (SOC) content from 2010 to 2017 and the N2O emissions from 2014 to 2017 were measured within a long-term fertilization experiment. The objective was to quantify the effect of stalk incorporation on the soil carbon sequestration, annual N2O emissions, and GWP of a winter wheat-summer maize field in the Guanzhong Plain. The field experiment included three treatments:conventional fertilization (CF), conventional fertilization plus maize stalks (CFS), and an unfertilized control (CK). The CF and CFS treatments received the same amount of urea per year, with nitrogen (N) input at 165 kg·hm-2 and 188 kg·hm-2 in the winter wheat season and summer maize season, respectively. The CF treatment retained the stubbles (about 10 cm above ground) when harvesting the winter wheat and summer maize crops. The CFS treatment retained the same wheat stubbles and all maize stalks (containing approximately 40 kg·hm-2 of N). The CK treatment was unfertilized throughout the year, with the stubble management the same as that in the CF treatment. The results showed that the CK treatment displayed few changes in SOC content and low N2O emissions, with GWP varying from 0.04 to 0.11 t·(hm2·a)-1. The SOC contents in the CF and CFS treatments increased linearly with the fertilization years (P<0.001), and their SOC sequestration rates were 0.69 t·(hm2·a)-1 and 0.97 t·(hm2·a)-1, respectively. The N2O emissions from the CF and CFS treatments varied from 1.65 to 5.36 kg·(hm2·a)-1 and from 3.08 to 7.73 kg·(hm2·a)-1, respectively. The annual N2O emissions from the CFS treatment were 43%-94% higher than those from the CF treatment, whereas the difference was only significant between 2015 and 2016 (P<0.05). The GWP of the CF and CFS treatments varied from -1.95 to -0.28 t·(hm2·a)-1 and from -2.59 to -0.35 t·(hm2·a)-1, respectively. The cumulative GWP of the CFS treatment was 42% lower than that of the CF treatment between 2014 and 2017. In summary, the studied winter wheat-summer maize field acted as a sink of greenhouse gases under the conventional fertilization regime. The stalk incorporation further favored greenhouse gas mitigation despite the trade-offs between SOC sequestration and N2O emissions.},
}
@article {pmid34989262,
year = {2022},
author = {Lebel, L and Paquin, V and Kenny, TA and Fletcher, C and Nadeau, L and Chachamovich, E and Lemire, M},
title = {Climate change and Indigenous mental health in the Circumpolar North: A systematic review to inform clinical practice.},
journal = {Transcultural psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {13634615211066698},
doi = {10.1177/13634615211066698},
pmid = {34989262},
issn = {1461-7471},
abstract = {Climate change is disproportionally impacting the Circumpolar North, with particular impacts among Indigenous populations. Environmental changes are felt in many aspects of daily life of Northern communities, including both physical and mental health. Thus, health institutions from around the Arctic must meet emerging needs, while the phenomenon remains marginal to their southern counterparts. In this systematic review, we aimed to review current scientific knowledge on the mental health impacts of climate change in Indigenous Peoples across the Circumpolar North. Seven databases were searched. Original peer-reviewed research articles were included if they addressed links between climate change and mental health in Arctic or Subarctic Indigenous Populations. After extraction, data were synthesized using thematic analysis. Of the 26 articles that met inclusion criteria, 16 focused on Canadian Inuit communities and 21 were exclusively qualitative. Being on the land was identified as a central determinant of wellbeing. Immediate impacts of climate change on mental health were felt through restricted mobility and disrupted livelihoods. Effects on mental health were further felt through changes in culture and identity, food insecurity, interpersonal stress and conflicts, and housing problems. Various ways in how communities and individuals are coping with these effects were reported. Understanding climate-related pathways of mental health risks in the Arctic is crucial to better identify vulnerable groups and to foster resilience. Clinicians can play a role in recognizing and providing support for patients affected by these disruptions. Policies sensitive to the climate-mental health relationship must be advocated for.},
}
@article {pmid34987218,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {How researchers can help fight climate change in 2022 and beyond.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {601},
number = {7891},
pages = {7},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-03817-4},
pmid = {34987218},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34986669,
year = {2022},
author = {Brown, MJ and Forster, BB},
title = {Climate Change: How Radiologists can Help.},
journal = {Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {8465371211064217},
doi = {10.1177/08465371211064217},
pmid = {34986669},
issn = {1488-2361},
}
@article {pmid34986372,
year = {2022},
author = {Monsour, M and Clarke-Rubright, E and Lieberman-Cribbin, W and Timmins, C and Taioli, E and Schwartz, RM and Corley, SS and Laucis, AM and Morey, RA},
title = {The Impact of Climate Change on the Prevalence of Mental Illness Symptoms.},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.124},
pmid = {34986372},
issn = {1573-2517},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The repercussions of climate change threaten the population with an increased prevalence of extreme climate events. We explored the impact of climate change induced sea level rise (SLR) and tropical cyclone (TC) exposure on mental illness symptom prevalence.<br><br>METHODS: Using three datasets, TC exposure scores were calculated for each subject to determine how exposure affects posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptom prevalence. Inundation mapping of various SLR and storm surge (SS) scenarios were performed for the susceptible region of Miami-Dade and Broward counties to determine the population impact of flooding.<br><br>RESULTS: We found an elevated risk of mental illness symptoms from exposure to more high- intensity TCs and identified demographic variables that may contribute to this risk. Furthermore, inundation mapping demonstrated severe and widespread impact of SLR and SS on the mental health of communities.<br><br>LIMITATIONS: This study did not include data directly measuring comorbidity, resilience, preparedness, or ability to adapt to climate change. Also, multiple imputation using chained equations may have been imperfect. Furthermore, there is uncertainty in predicting and mapping SLR and TC intensity, which limits complete confidence in our SS predictions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The impacts of climate change have been frequently studied in terms of physical health, natural disaster prevalence, and economic impacts, but rarely on mental health burden. However, it is vital that national, state, and local governments develop and deploy plans to address mental health needs along with expenditures for protecting infrastructure, the economy, and physical health from the combined effects of SLR and climate change-induced natural disasters.},
}
@article {pmid34983981,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {Rivers buffer a vast sea against climate-change impacts.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34983981},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34981356,
year = {2022},
author = {Ghosh, AK and Shapiro, MF and Abramson, DM},
title = {Trends in National Institutes of Health Funding on the Health-Related Effects of Climate Change and Natural Disasters.},
journal = {Journal of general internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34981356},
issn = {1525-1497},
}
@article {pmid34980932,
year = {2021},
author = {Paz, S and Majeed, A and Christophides, GK},
title = {Climate change impacts on infectious diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East (EMME)-risks and recommendations.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {169},
number = {3-4},
pages = {40},
doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03300-z},
pmid = {34980932},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region has rapid population growth, large differences in socio-economic levels between developed and developing countries, migration, increased water demand, and ecosystems degradation. The region is experiencing a significant warming trend with longer and warmer summers, increased frequency and severity of heat waves, and a drier climate. While climate change plays an important role in contributing to political instability in the region through displacement of people, food insecurity, and increased violence, it also increases the risks of vector-, water-, and food-borne diseases. Poorer and less educated people, young children and the elderly, migrants, and those with long-term health problems are at highest risk. A result of the inequalities among EMME countries is an inconsistency in the availability of reliable evidence about the impacts on infectious diseases. To help address this gap, a search of the literature was conducted as a basis for related recommended responses and suggested actions for preparedness and prevention. Since climate change already impacts the health of vulnerable populations in the EMME and will have a greater impact in future years, risk assessment and timely design and implementation of health preparedness and adaptation strategies are essential. Joint national and cross-border infectious diseases management systems for more effective preparedness and prevention are needed, supported by interventions that improve the environment. Without such cooperation and effective interventions, climate change will lead to an increasing morbidity and mortality in the EMME from infectious diseases, with a higher risk for the most vulnerable populations.},
}
@article {pmid34980187,
year = {2022},
author = {Kulkarni, MA and Duguay, C and Ost, K},
title = {Charting the evidence for climate change impacts on the global spread of malaria and dengue and adaptive responses: a scoping review of reviews.},
journal = {Globalization and health},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {34980187},
issn = {1744-8603},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change is expected to alter the global footprint of many infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. Knowledge of the range and geographical context of expected climate change impacts on disease transmission and spread, combined with knowledge of effective adaptation strategies and responses, can help to identify gaps and best practices to mitigate future health impacts. To investigate the types of evidence for impacts of climate change on two major mosquito-borne diseases of global health importance, malaria and dengue, and to identify the range of relevant policy responses and adaptation strategies that have been devised, we performed a scoping review of published review literature. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Epistemonikos) were systematically searched for relevant published reviews. Inclusion criteria were: reviews with a systematic search, from 2007 to 2020, in English or French, that addressed climate change impacts and/or adaptation strategies related to malaria and/or dengue. Data extracted included: characteristics of the article, type of review, disease(s) of focus, geographic focus, and nature of the evidence. The evidence was summarized to identify and compare regional evidence for climate change impacts and adaptation measures.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 32 reviews met the inclusion criteria. Evidence for the impacts of climate change (including climate variability) on dengue was greatest in the Southeast Asian region, while evidence for the impacts of climate change on malaria was greatest in the African region, particularly in highland areas. Few reviews explicitly addressed the implementation of adaptation strategies to address climate change-driven disease transmission, however suggested strategies included enhanced surveillance, early warning systems, predictive models and enhanced vector control.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is strong evidence for the impacts of climate change, including climate variability, on the transmission and future spread of malaria and dengue, two of the most globally important vector-borne diseases. Further efforts are needed to develop multi-sectoral climate change adaptation strategies to enhance the capacity and resilience of health systems and communities, especially in regions with predicted climatic suitability for future emergence and re-emergence of malaria and dengue. This scoping review may serve as a useful precursor to inform future systematic reviews of the primary literature.},
}
@article {pmid34979200,
year = {2021},
author = {Neogi, S and Sharma, V and Khan, N and Chaurasia, D and Ahmad, A and Chauhan, S and Singh, A and You, S and Pandey, A and Bhargava, PC},
title = {Sustainable biochar: A facile strategy for soil and environmental restoration, energygeneration, mitigation of global climate change and circular bioeconomy.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {133474},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133474},
pmid = {34979200},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {The increasing agro-demands with the burgeoning population lead to the accumulation of lignocellulosic residues. The practice of burning agri-residues has consequences viz. Release of soot and smoke, nutrient depletion, loss of soil microbial diversity, air pollution and hazardous effects on human health. The utilization of agricultural waste as biomass to synthesize biochar and biofuels, is the pertinent approach for attaining sustainable development goals. Biochar contributes in the improvement of soil properties, carbon sequestration, reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emission, removal of organic and heavy metal pollutants, production of biofuels, synthesis of useful chemicals and building cementitious materials. The biochar characteristics including surface area, porosity and functional groups vary with the type of biomass consumed in pyrolysis and the control of parameters during the process. The major adsorption mechanisms of biochar involve physical-adsorption, ion-exchange interactions, electrostatic attraction, surface complexation and precipitation. The recent trend of engineered biochar can enhance its surface properties, pH buffering capacity and presence of desired functional groups. This review focuses on the contribution of biochar in attaining sustainable development goals. Hence, it provides a thorough understanding of biochar's importance in enhancing soil productivity, bioremediation of environmental pollutants, carbon negative concretes, mitigation of climate change and generation of bioenergy that amplifies circular bioeconomy, and concomitantly facilitates the fulfilment of the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals. The application of biochar as seen is primarily targeting four important SDGs including clean water and sanitation (SGD6), affordable and clean energy (SDG7), responsible consumption and production (SDG12) and climate action (SDG13).},
}
@article {pmid34978367,
year = {2022},
author = {Flanagan, C},
title = {Commentary: Proactive practices to support youth coping with climate change - a commentary on Martin et al. (2021).},
journal = {Child and adolescent mental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/camh.12538},
pmid = {34978367},
issn = {1475-357X},
abstract = {Based on the scoping review of literature on youths' anxieties and worries associated with their understanding of climate change, I suggest three practices for supporting youth coping: emphasizing what they can do through proactive environmental action; emphasizing group rather than individual efforts - working in peer teams and networking with adults and organizations dedicated to environmental action and to combatting climate change; and focusing on human impact (negative and positive) in the local place where they reside and ways they can observe and monitor that impact.},
}
@article {pmid34973415,
year = {2021},
author = {Grobusch, LC and Grobusch, MP},
title = {A hot topic at the environment-health nexus: Investigating the impact of climate change on infectious diseases.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.350},
pmid = {34973415},
issn = {1878-3511},
abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic aside, climate change is the ultimate challenge of our time. However, to date, there has been insufficient political thrust to make that much-needed climate action a reality.<br><br>Infectious diseases represent only one facet of the threats arising from climate change. Direct impacts from climate change include the more frequent occurrence and increased magnitude of extreme weather events, as well as changing temperatures and precipitation patterns. For climate-sensitive infectious diseases, these changes implicate a shift in geographic and temporal distribution, seasonality, and transmission intensity.<br><br>SIZING-UP THE PROBLEM: Susceptibility to deleterious effects of climate change is a net result not only of the interplay of environmental factors but also governed by human, societal, and economic factors, with social inequalities being a major determinant of vulnerability. The global South is already disproportionately affected by the climate crisis. The financial capacity to pursue adaptation options is also limited and unevenly distributed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Climate change-induced mortality and morbidity from both infectious and non-infectious diseases, amongst other adverse scenarios, is expected to rise globally in the future. The coming decade will be crucial for using all opportunities left to develop and implement adequate mitigation- and adaptation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34972798,
year = {2022},
author = {Blunden, C},
title = {Pandemics, climate change, and antibiotic resistance.},
journal = {The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
volume = {72},
number = {714},
pages = {26-27},
doi = {10.3399/bjgp22X718145},
pmid = {34972798},
issn = {1478-5242},
}
@article {pmid34972244,
year = {2021},
author = {Mathias, JM and Trugman, AT},
title = {Climate change impacts plant carbon balance, increasing mean future carbon use efficiency but decreasing total forest extent at dry range edges.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ele.13945},
pmid = {34972244},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {2018-67012-31496//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; LFR-20-652-467//UC Laboratory Fees Research Program/ ; 2003205//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; },
abstract = {Carbon use efficiency (CUE) represents how efficient a plant is at translating carbon gains through gross primary productivity (GPP) into net primary productivity (NPP) after respiratory costs (Ra). CUE varies across space with climate and species composition, but how CUE will respond to climate change is largely unknown due to uncertainty in Ra at novel high temperatures. We use a plant physiological model validated against global CUE observations and LIDAR vegetation canopy height data and find that model-predicted decreases in CUE are diagnostic of transitions from forests to shrubland at dry range edges. Under future climate scenarios, we show mean growing season CUE increases in core forested areas, but forest extent decreases at dry range edges, with substantial uncertainty in absolute CUE due to uncertainty in Ra . Our results highlight that future forest resilience is nuanced and controlled by multiple competing mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid34972110,
year = {2021},
author = {Ali, H and Din, JU and Bosso, L and Hameed, S and Kabir, M and Younas, M and Nawaz, MA},
title = {Expanding or shrinking? range shifts in wild ungulates under climate change in Pamir-Karakoram mountains, Pakistan.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {e0260031},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0260031},
pmid = {34972110},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Climate change is expected to impact a large number of organisms in many ecosystems, including several threatened mammals. A better understanding of climate impacts on species can make conservation efforts more effective. The Himalayan ibex (Capra ibex sibirica) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are economically important wild ungulates in northern Pakistan because they are sought-after hunting trophies. However, both species are threatened due to several human-induced factors, and these factors are expected to aggravate under changing climate in the High Himalayas. In this study, we investigated populations of ibex and blue sheep in the Pamir-Karakoram mountains in order to (i) update and validate their geographical distributions through empirical data; (ii) understand range shifts under climate change scenarios; and (iii) predict future habitats to aid long-term conservation planning. Presence records of target species were collected through camera trapping and sightings in the field. We constructed Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model on presence record and six key climatic variables to predict the current and future distributions of ibex and blue sheep. Two representative concentration pathways (4.5 and 8.5) and two-time projections (2050 and 2070) were used for future range predictions. Our results indicated that ca. 37% and 9% of the total study area (Gilgit-Baltistan) was suitable under current climatic conditions for Himalayan ibex and blue sheep, respectively. Annual mean precipitation was a key determinant of suitable habitat for both ungulate species. Under changing climate scenarios, both species will lose a significant part of their habitats, particularly in the Himalayan and Hindu Kush ranges. The Pamir-Karakoram ranges will serve as climate refugia for both species. This area shall remain focus of future conservation efforts to protect Pakistan's mountain ungulates.},
}
@article {pmid34971339,
year = {2022},
author = {Chinthrajah, S and Garcia, E and Hasan, Z and Hy, A and Wong, L},
title = {Climate Change Health Effects and What You Can Do.},
journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine},
volume = {205},
number = {1},
pages = {P1-P2},
doi = {10.1164/rccm.2051P1},
pmid = {34971339},
issn = {1535-4970},
}
@article {pmid34970760,
year = {2021},
author = {Barkin, JL and Curry, CL and Goss, L},
title = {That is one important wrapper: Mental health considerations related to climate change in the perinatal period.},
journal = {Perspectives in psychiatric care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ppc.13019},
pmid = {34970760},
issn = {1744-6163},
}
@article {pmid34968841,
year = {2021},
author = {Alfonso, B and Sansón, M and Sangil, C and Expósito, FJ and Díaz, JP and Hernández, JC},
title = {Herbarium macroalgae specimens reveal a rapid reduction of thallus size and reproductive effort related with climate change.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {174},
number = {},
pages = {105546},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105546},
pmid = {34968841},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Understanding and forecasting the effects of climate changes on vulnerable species are leading concerns for ecologists and conservation biologists. Herbaria are invaluable for use in long-term data series, and one of the few available methods for quantifying biodiversity changes over large periods of time. Gelidium canariense is an endemic and habitat-forming macroalga of the Canary Islands that coexists with two other habitat-forming Gelidiales: G. arbuscula and Pterocladiella capillacea. This study assesses long-term changes in thallus size and reproductive effort of all specimens deposited in the Herbarium of Universidad de La Laguna of these three Gelidiales species. Also assessed were the effects of seawater temperature and increased incident light on net primary production (NPP), and the effects of extreme desiccation conditions on the relative water content and NPP of the three Gelidiales species. The length of the thallus of the endemic species G. canariense was halved during the past 40 years. The shortening of the thallus coincided with a significant decrease in the number of reproductive structures in both Gelidium species. These morphological changes coincide with a significant increase of the sea surface temperature, air temperature above sea surface and ultraviolet radiation in the studied area. The experiments have revealed the deleterious effects of extreme desiccation and extreme irradiance on all three species. Hence, these results suggest that air temperature and irradiance are related with these morphological changes over time in the habitat-forming Gelidium species and that are most likely compromising the survival of their populations which are already declining.},
}
@article {pmid34968592,
year = {2021},
author = {Guo, B and Wei, C and Yu, Y and Liu, Y and Li, J and Meng, C and Cai, Y},
title = {The dominant influencing factors of desertification changes in the source region of Yellow River: Climate change or human activity?.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {152512},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152512},
pmid = {34968592},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Due to the combined effects of global warming and human activities, the ecological environment of the Yellow River source area has undergone profound changes and desertification has become increasingly prominent. In this study, an optimal desertification monitoring index based on feature space was proposed for the Yellow River source area, and constructed using Landsat images. Then, the spatial and temporal variation of desertification in the Yellow River source area and its driving mechanism were studied using Geodetector. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The newly proposed feature space-based desertification monitoring index has good applicability in the study area. The best inversion accuracy of the point-to-point Albedo-NDVI feature space model was 88.4%. (2) Desertification in the eastern and southern regions of the Yellow River source area has a tendency to increase, while the desertification situation in the central region is relatively stable. (3) From 1995 to 2015, there was a significant improvement in desertification in the study area, as evidenced by a decrease in desertification intensity. (4) As the intensity of human disturbance increases, the influence of natural factors on desertification gradually diminishes. The interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors has greater explanatory power for desertification than that of individual natural or anthropogenic factors. The research results can be used as a reference for decision-making on desertification control in the Three-River Source Region.},
}
@article {pmid34967684,
year = {2021},
author = {Taylor-Cornejo, E},
title = {Empowering Undergraduates to Fight Climate Change with Soil Microbes.},
journal = {DNA and cell biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/dna.2021.0551},
pmid = {34967684},
issn = {1557-7430},
abstract = {The burning of fossil fuels to meet a growing demand for energy has created a climate crisis that threatens Earth's fragile ecosystems. While most undergraduate students are familiar with solar and wind energy as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, many are not aware of a climate solution right beneath their feet-soil-dwelling microbes! Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) harness energy from the metabolic activity of microbes in the soil to generate electricity. Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic transformed the traditional microbiology teaching laboratory into take-home laboratory kits and online modes of delivery, which could accommodate distance learning. This laboratory exercise combined both virtual laboratory simulations and a commercially available MFC kit to challenge undergraduate students to apply fundamental principles in microbiology to real-world climate solutions.},
}
@article {pmid34966231,
year = {2021},
author = {Viveros-Uehara, T},
title = {Health Care in a Changing Climate: A Review of Climate Change Laws and National Adaptation Plans in Latin America.},
journal = {Health and human rights},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {139-151},
pmid = {34966231},
issn = {2150-4113},
abstract = {Given that the health-related impacts of climate change in Latin America disproportionately affect the most marginalized sections of the population, there is a need to enhance countries' adaptive capacity through improved health systems. Though public health institutions have delineated guidelines to enhance health care systems' preparedness for climate change, embedding a human rights perspective in their translation into laws and policies further adds important value. Crucially, a rights-based approach strengthens health responses to climate change by calling attention to how climate law and policy fail to account for persistent and interlocking socioeconomic inequalities. This is an area that has not been fully present in the provision of health services in Latin America, which rely almost exclusively on a conventional epidemiological perspective and do not consider the historical and sociocultural nature of health challenges. Hence, this paper draws on two case studies-Brazil and Colombia-to identify the extent to which their national climate change laws and adaptation plans incorporate a human rights-based approach in their tasks to enhance their adaptive capacity through the expansion of affordable and quality health care. With respect to the countries' laws, the absence of explicit references to the right to health exemplifies the fragmentation between the international human rights framework and international climate change law. Further, both countries' adaptation plans hold considerable room for improving their engagement with the human rights framework, particularly by establishing mechanisms to promote transparency, monitoring, and the participation of marginalized groups.},
}
@article {pmid34966230,
year = {2021},
author = {Wu, CF},
title = {Challenges to Protecting the Right to Health under the Climate Change Regime.},
journal = {Health and human rights},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {121-138},
pmid = {34966230},
issn = {2150-4113},
abstract = {Researchers and global policy makers are increasingly documenting negative health impacts from climate change, raising concerns for realizing the right to health. Importantly, courts have held that anthropogenic activities affecting climate may threaten a population's standard of health and compromise its inviolable right to health. However, legal hurdles-such as the fragmentation of climate change and human rights laws and the difficulties in proving causal links-hamper efforts to litigate right to health claims in the context of climate change. To address these challenges, this article assesses the detrimental effects of climate change from an international human rights perspective and analyzes climate change litigation to explore potential avenues to press for the right to health in the face of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34966228,
year = {2021},
author = {Gasparri, G and Omrani, OE and Hinton, R and Imbago, D and Lakhani, H and Mohan, A and Yeung, W and Bustreo, F},
title = {Children, Adolescents, and Youth Pioneering a Human Rights-Based Approach to Climate Change.},
journal = {Health and human rights},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {95-108},
pmid = {34966228},
issn = {2150-4113},
abstract = {Climate change is the greatest challenge of our century. Children, adolescents, and youth will bear the most severe impacts, physically, socially, economically, and psychologically. In response to this immense threat and to the failure of international climate negotiations to date, young people are taking to the streets and using global fora to call for climate justice. While these protests have received much attention, there has been limited examination of these and other youth-led efforts through the lens of a human rights-based approach and its operational principles: participation, equality and nondiscrimination, accountability, and transparency. This paper draws from academic and gray literature, as well as the authors' experience as practitioners and young activists, to argue that young people, by promoting human rights-based operational principles at the international, national, and local levels, are pioneering a human rights-based approach to climate change. The paper concludes by suggesting how policy makers can support and empower young people to advance an explicit human rights-based agenda, while concurrently translating human rights-based operational principles into climate change policies and practice.},
}
@article {pmid34963583,
year = {2021},
author = {Ni, B and Zhao, W and Zuo, X and You, J and Li, Y and Li, J and Du, Y and Chen, X},
title = {Deyeuxia angustifolia Kom. encroachment changes soil physicochemical properties and microbial community in the alpine tundra under climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {152615},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152615},
pmid = {34963583},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Plant encroachment in alpine regions, caused by global changes and human activities, has been well documented. However, our knowledge of the effects of plant encroachment on belowground microbial communities is limited. Here, we investigated soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structures under the impact of plant encroachment along an elevation gradient in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountain, China. We found that plant encroachment had insignificant (P > 0.05) and inconsistent effects on the α-diversity (number of observed OTUs, Shannon, Chao1, Faith's PD) of soil microbial communities. Plant encroachment indirectly influenced soil microbial community structures by altering soil physicochemical properties, which differed between elevations and plant types (P < 0.05). In all, 40 bacterial indicator taxa and 57 fungal indicator taxa significantly shifted in response to plant encroachment, some of which were involved in soil biogeochemical cycle. Overall, our results documented the impacts of plant encroachment on soil microbial diversity and community composition, and provided a scientific basis for predicting future changes in alpine ecosystem structure and function and its subsequent feedbacks to global change.},
}
@article {pmid34961117,
year = {2021},
author = {Agüera, E and de la Haba, P},
title = {Climate Change Impacts on Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Plants.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants10122646},
pmid = {34961117},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {The biochemical, biological, and morphogenetic processes of plants are affected by ongoing climate change, causing alterations in crop development, growth, and productivity. Climate change is currently producing ecosystem modifications, making it essential to study plants with an improved adaptive capacity in the face of environmental modifications. This work examines the physiological and metabolic changes taking place during the development of sunflower plants due to environmental modifications resulting from climate change: elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and increased temperatures. Variations in growth, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as their effect on the plant's oxidative state in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) plants, are studied. An understanding of the effect of these interacting factors (elevated CO2 and elevated temperatures) on plant development and stress response is imperative to understand the impact of climate change on plant productivity.},
}
@article {pmid34957147,
year = {2021},
author = {Gupta, S and Rouse, BT and Sarangi, PP},
title = {Did Climate Change Influence the Emergence, Transmission, and Expression of the COVID-19 Pandemic?.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {769208},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2021.769208},
pmid = {34957147},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The human race has survived many epidemics and pandemics that have emerged and reemerged throughout history. The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is the latest pandemic and this has caused major health and socioeconomic problems in almost all communities of the world. The origin of the virus is still in dispute but most likely, the virus emerged from the bats and also may involve an intermediate host before affecting humans. Several other factors also may have affected the emergence and outcome of the infection but in this review, we make a case for a possible role of climate change. The rise in industrialization-related human activities has created a marked imbalance in the homeostasis of environmental factors such as temperature and other weather and these might even have imposed conditions for the emergence of future coronavirus cycles. An attempt is made in this review to explore the effect of ongoing climate changes and discuss if these changes had a role in facilitating the emergence, transmission, and even the expression of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surmise that pandemics will be more frequent in the future and more severely impactful unless climate changes are mitigated.},
}
@article {pmid34956740,
year = {2021},
author = {Albà, CG and Alkhatib, III and Llovell, F and Vega, LF},
title = {Assessment of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants for Drop-In Replacement by Connecting their Molecular Features to Their Performance.},
journal = {ACS sustainable chemistry &amp; engineering},
volume = {9},
number = {50},
pages = {17034-17048},
doi = {10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05985},
pmid = {34956740},
issn = {2168-0485},
abstract = {The use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as an alternative for refrigeration units has grown over the past decades as a replacement to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), banned by the Montreal's Protocol because of their effect on the depletion of the ozone layer. However, HFCs are known to be greenhouse gases with considerable global warming potential (GWP), thousands of times higher than carbon dioxide. The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol has promoted an active area of research toward the development of low GWP refrigerants to replace the ones in current use, and it is expected to significantly contribute to the Paris Agreement by avoiding nearly half a degree Celsius of temperature increase by the end of this century. We present here a molecular-based evaluation tool aiming at finding optimal refrigerants with the requirements imposed by current environmental legislations in order to mitigate their impact on climate change. The proposed approach relies on the robust polar soft-SAFT equation of state to predict thermodynamic properties required for their technical evaluation at conditions relevant for cooling applications. Additionally, the thermodynamic model integrated with technical criteria enable the search for compatibility of currently used third generation compounds with more eco-friendly refrigerants as drop-in replacements. The criteria include volumetric cooling capacity, coefficient of performance, and other physicochemical properties with direct impact on the technical performance of the cooling cycle. As such, R1123, R1224yd(Z), R1234ze(E), and R1225ye(Z) demonstrate high aptitude toward replacing R134a, R32, R152a, and R245fa with minimal retrofitting to the existing system. The current modeling platform for the rapid screening of emerging refrigerants offers a guide for future efforts on the design of alternative working fluids.},
}
@article {pmid34956552,
year = {2021},
author = {Ngxongo, NA},
title = {The impact of climate change on visitor destination selection: A case study of the Central Drakensberg Region in KwaZulu-Natal.},
journal = {Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa)},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {1161},
doi = {10.4102/jamba.v13i1.1161},
pmid = {34956552},
issn = {1996-1421},
abstract = {Many variables influence visitors' destination choices, for example, affordability, attractions, health and safety, and expectancies. Amongst the indirect influences in destination choice by tourists, climate change is perhaps the greatest factor because of its negative impact on the ecological landscape of tourist destinations. Using the Central Drakensberg Region (CDR) as a case study, this article seeks to investigate the influence of climate change on visitors' destination choices. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted on a sample of n347 participants who were selected using purposive and convenience sampling procedures under the auspices of non-probability. The statistical analyses were performed using the latest edition of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Version 25.0). Based on the study's results, climate change was found to be a key influence on tourists' decision-making, behaviour and spending habits at tourist destination like the Central Drakensberg Area. The most significant climatic parameter for tourists was determined to be pleasant and warm temperatures, as well as the summer season. Furthermore, owing to the current climate change circumstances, visitors were found to be less likely to return or recommend future visits to the region. To that end, tourism officials in the CDR should swiftly implement adaptation measures to counter the effects, and explore alternatives such as soft tourism and non-climate-dependent activities to accommodate visitors year-around. Further research is recommended to establish the extent to which socio-demographic characteristics influence destination choice in the area, as well as to ascertain the current state of climate change impacts.},
}
@article {pmid34956249,
year = {2021},
author = {Rienth, M and Vigneron, N and Walker, RP and Castellarin, SD and Sweetman, C and Burbidge, CA and Bonghi, C and Famiani, F and Darriet, P},
title = {Modifications of Grapevine Berry Composition Induced by Main Viral and Fungal Pathogens in a Climate Change Scenario.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {717223},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2021.717223},
pmid = {34956249},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The grapevine is subject to high number of fungal and viral diseases, which are responsible for important economic losses in the global wine sector every year. These pathogens deteriorate grapevine berry quality either directly via the modulation of fruit metabolic pathways and the production of endogenous compounds associated with bad taste and/or flavor, or indirectly via their impact on vine physiology. The most common and devastating fungal diseases in viticulture are gray mold, downy mildew (DM), and powdery mildew (PM), caused, respectively by Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, and Erysiphe necator. Whereas B. cinerea mainly infects and deteriorates the ripening fruit directly, deteriorations by DM and PM are mostly indirect via a reduction of photosynthetic leaf area. Nevertheless, mildews can also infect berries at certain developmental stages and directly alter fruit quality via the biosynthesis of unpleasant flavor compounds that impair ultimate wine quality. The grapevine is furthermore host of a wide range of viruses that reduce vine longevity, productivity and berry quality in different ways. The most widespread virus-related diseases, that are known nowadays, are Grapevine Leafroll Disease (GLRD), Grapevine Fanleaf Disease (GFLD), and the more recently characterized grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Future climatic conditions are creating a more favorable environment for the proliferation of most virus-insect vectors, so the spread of virus-related diseases is expected to increase in most wine-growing regions. However, the impact of climate change on the evolution of fungal disease pressure will be variable and depending on region and pathogen, with mildews remaining certainly the major phytosanitary threat in most regions because their development rate is to a large extent temperature-driven. This paper aims to provide a review of published literature on most important grapevine fungal and viral pathogens and their impact on grape berry physiology and quality. Our overview of the published literature highlights gaps in our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, which are valuable for conceiving future research programs dealing with the different pathogens and their impacts on grapevine berry quality and metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid34954685,
year = {2021},
author = {Pal, SC and Chowdhuri, I and Das, B and Chakrabortty, R and Roy, P and Saha, A and Shit, M},
title = {Threats of climate change and land use patterns enhance the susceptibility of future floods in India.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {305},
number = {},
pages = {114317},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114317},
pmid = {34954685},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The main objective of this work is the future prediction of the floods in India due to climate and land change. Human activity and related carbon emissions are the primary cause of land use and climate change, which has a substantial impact on extreme weather conditions, such as floods. This study presents high-resolution flood susceptibility maps of different future periods (up to 2100) using a combination of remote sensing data and GIS modelling. To quantify the future flood susceptibility various flood causative factors, Global circulation model (GCM) rainfall and land use and land cover (LULC) data are envisaged. The present flood susceptibility model has been evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, where area under curve (AUC) value shows the 91.57% accuracy of this flood susceptibility model and it can be used for future flood susceptibility modelling. Based on the projected LULC, rainfall and flood susceptibility, the results of the study indicating maximum monthly rainfall will increase by approximately 40-50 mm in 2100, while the conversion of natural vegetation to agricultural and built-up land is about 0.071 million sq. km. and the severe flood event area will increase by up to 122% (0.15 million sq. km) from now on.},
}
@article {pmid34951272,
year = {2021},
author = {Xia, X and Li, Y and Yang, DD and Pi, YY},
title = {[Potential geographical distribution of Rana hanluica in China under climate change].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {12},
pages = {4307-4314},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202112.003},
pmid = {34951272},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {Animals ; Biodiversity ; China ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Ranidae ; },
abstract = {Global warming in the last few decades had strong impacts on biodiversity and geographi-cal distribution of different animal species worldwide, especially amphibians. Rana hanluica, a frog species endemic in China, is still classified as Least Concerned in the Red List of Threatened Species because few studies have been conducted on this species. To understand the survival of Rana hanluica population, we used maximum entropy models (MaxEnt) to analyze its distribution across regions under current climatic conditions based on 47 distribution records and 20 environmental factors. We investigated the changes in distribution of this species under different climate scenarios in China (2050s and 2070s). Finally, current and future suitable habitats for R. hanluica were mode-led, and the impacts of environmental factors in shaping its distribution were evaluated. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the MaxEnt model was high, and AUC value of the receiver operating curve was 0.993. The total suitable habitat area for R. hanluica was 36.36×104 km2, mainly located in Hunan and Guizhou provinces in China. The major environmental factors influencing the geographic distribution of R. hanluica were precipitation of dryest month and altitude. Under the future climate scenario (2050 and 2070) with two representative concentration pathways (RCPs, SSP1-2.5, SSP5-8.5), the suitable habitat of R. hanluica was reduced in different degrees, resulting in a decreasing trend of the total suitable habitat area. The center of gravity in highly suitable habitat of R. hanluica shifted to high-latitude regions, with the core distribution area in Hunan Province.},
}
@article {pmid34951027,
year = {2022},
author = {Wesselink, AK and Wellenius, GA},
title = {Impacts of climate change on reproductive, perinatal and paediatric health.},
journal = {Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.1111/ppe.12839},
pmid = {34951027},
issn = {1365-3016},
}
@article {pmid34951017,
year = {2021},
author = {Alruiz, JM and Peralta-Maraver, I and Bozinovic, F and Santos, M and Rezende, EL},
title = {Thermal tolerance in Drosophila: repercussions for distribution, community coexistence and responses to climate change.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13653},
pmid = {34951017},
issn = {1365-2656},
abstract = {Here we combined controlled experiments and field surveys to determine if estimates of heat tolerance predict distributional ranges and phenology of different Drosophila species in southern South America. We contrasted thermal death time curves, which consider both magnitude and duration of the challenge to estimate heat tolerance, against the thermal range where populations are viable based on field surveys in an 8-yr longitudinal study. We observed a strong correspondence of the physiological limits, the thermal niche for population growth, and the geographic ranges across studied species, which suggests that the thermal biology of different species provides a common currency to understand how species will respond to warming temperatures both at a local level and throughout their distribution range. Our approach represents a novel analytical toolbox to anticipate how natural communities of ectothermic organisms will respond to global warming.},
}
@article {pmid34948666,
year = {2021},
author = {Man, Z and Che, S and Xie, C and Jiang, R and Liang, A and Wu, H},
title = {Effect of Climate Change on CO2 Flux in Temperate Grassland, Subtropical Artificial Coniferous Forest and Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {24},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph182413056},
pmid = {34948666},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {32001362//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The interactions between CO2 flux, an important component of ecosystem carbon flux, and climate change vary significantly among different ecosystems. In this research, the inter-annual variation characteristics of ecosystem respiration (RE), gross ecosystem exchange (GEE), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were explored in the temperate grassland (TG) of Xilinhot (2004-2010), the subtropical artificial coniferous forest (SACF) of Qianyanzhou (2003-2010), and the tropical rain forest (TRF) of Xishuangbanna (2003-2010). The main factors of climate change affecting ecosystem CO2 flux were identified by redundancy analysis, and exponential models and temperature indicators were constructed to consider the relationship between climate change and CO2 flux. Every year from 2003 to 2010, RE and GEE first increased and then decreased, and NEE showed no significant change pattern. TG was a carbon source, whereas SACF and TRF were carbon sinks. The influence of air temperature on RE and GEE was greater than that of soil temperature, but the influence of soil moisture on RE and GEE was greater than that of air moisture. Compared with moisture and photosynthetically active radiation, temperature had the greatest impact on CO2 flux and the exponential model had the best fitting effect. In TG and SACF, the average temperature was the most influential factor, and in TRF, the accumulated temperature was the most influential factor. These results provide theoretical support for mitigating and managing climate change and provide references for achieving carbon neutrality.},
}
@article {pmid34948657,
year = {2021},
author = {Latkin, C and Dayton, L and Coyle, C and Yi, G and Lee, DI and Winiker, A},
title = {The Relationship between Social Norms, Avoidance, Future Orientation, and Willingness to Engage in Climate Change Advocacy Communications.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {24},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph182413037},
pmid = {34948657},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {R01 DA040488/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; 1/CX/CSRD VA/United States ; },
abstract = {This study examined factors associated with willingness to engage in communication behaviors related to climate change advocacy. Data were collected as part of an online, longitudinal US study beginning in March 2020. Outcomes included willingness to post materials online, contact state legislators, and talk with peers about climate change. Covariates included climate change-related social norms, avoidance of climate change information, and perceptions of the future impact of climate change. A minority of the 586 respondents (23%) reported regular conversations about climate change, while approximately half of the respondents reported willingness to discuss climate change with peers (58%), post materials online (47%), and contact state legislators (46%). Strong predictors of willingness to engage in each climate change communications behaviors included climate change social norms, not avoiding climate change information, and believing that climate change will have a negative impact on the future. Findings indicate the importance of designing programs to foster increased climate change communications in order to promote community-level climate change advocacy norms.},
}
@article {pmid34948318,
year = {2021},
author = {Klupczyńska, EA and Ratajczak, E},
title = {Can Forest Trees Cope with Climate Change?-Effects of DNA Methylation on Gene Expression and Adaptation to Environmental Change.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {24},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms222413524},
pmid = {34948318},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {Epigenetic modifications, including chromatin modifications and DNA methylation, play key roles in regulating gene expression in both plants and animals. Transmission of epigenetic markers is important for some genes to maintain specific expression patterns and preserve the status quo of the cell. This article provides a review of existing research and the current state of knowledge about DNA methylation in trees in the context of global climate change, along with references to the potential of epigenome editing tools and the possibility of their use for forest tree research. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are involved in evolutionary processes, developmental processes, and environmental interactions. Thus, the implications of epigenetics are important for adaptation and phenotypic plasticity because they provide the potential for tree conservation in forest ecosystems exposed to adverse conditions resulting from global warming and regional climate fluctuations.},
}
@article {pmid34947863,
year = {2021},
author = {Kim, TK and Paek, J and Kim, HY and Choi, I},
title = {Relative Risk Prediction of Norovirus Incidence under Climate Change in Korea.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/life11121332},
pmid = {34947863},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {PJ015845//Agriculture Science &amp; Technology Development/ ; },
abstract = {As incidences of food poisoning, especially norovirus-induced diarrhea, are associated with climate change, there is a need for an approach that can be used to predict the risks of such illnesses with high accuracy. In this paper, we predict the winter norovirus incidence rate in Korea compared to that of other diarrhea-causing viruses using a model based on B-spline added to logistic regression to estimate the long-term pattern of illness. We also develop a risk index based on the estimated probability of occurrence. Our probabilistic analysis shows that the risk of norovirus-related food poisoning in winter will remain stable or increase in Korea based on various Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. Our approach can be used to obtain an overview of the changes occurring in regional and seasonal norovirus patterns that can help assist in making appropriate policy decisions.},
}
@article {pmid34943192,
year = {2021},
author = {Freitas, EN and Salgado, JCS and Alnoch, RC and Contato, AG and Habermann, E and Michelin, M and Martínez, CA and Polizeli, MLTM},
title = {Challenges of Biomass Utilization for Bioenergy in a Climate Change Scenario.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology10121277},
pmid = {34943192},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2008/57908-6//São Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 2008/58075-8//São Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 2014/50884//São Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 2018/07522-6//São Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 2017/23989-9//São Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 2019/07141-5//São Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 2019/21989-7//São Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 2020/00081-4//São Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 446357/2015-4//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 465319/2014-9//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 301963/2017-7//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
abstract = {The climate changes expected for the next decades will expose plants to increasing occurrences of combined abiotic stresses, including drought, higher temperatures, and elevated CO2 atmospheric concentrations. These abiotic stresses have significant consequences on photosynthesis and other plants' physiological processes and can lead to tolerance mechanisms that impact metabolism dynamics and limit plant productivity. Furthermore, due to the high carbohydrate content on the cell wall, plants represent a an essential source of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels production. Thus, it is necessary to estimate their potential as feedstock for renewable energy production in future climate conditions since the synthesis of cell wall components seems to be affected by abiotic stresses. This review provides a brief overview of plant responses and the tolerance mechanisms applied in climate change scenarios that could impact its use as lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy purposes. Important steps of biofuel production, which might influence the effects of climate change, besides biomass pretreatments and enzymatic biochemical conversions, are also discussed. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the plant biological adaptations to combined abiotic stress and assist in the decision-making for selecting key agronomic crops that can be efficiently adapted to climate changes and applied in bioenergy production.},
}
@article {pmid34938503,
year = {2021},
author = {Li, J and Xue, Y and Hacker, CE and Zhang, Y and Li, Y and Cong, W and Jin, L and Li, G and Wu, B and Li, D and Zhang, Y},
title = {Projected impacts of climate change on snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province, China.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {23},
pages = {17202-17218},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.8358},
pmid = {34938503},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Assessing species' vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective strategies to reduce emerging climate-related threats. We used the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt model) to assess potential changes in suitable snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Qinghai Province, China, under a mild climate change scenario. Our results showed that the area of suitable snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province was 302,821 km2 under current conditions and 228,997 km2 under the 2050s climatic scenario, with a mean upward shift in elevation of 90 m. At present, nature reserves protect 38.78% of currently suitable habitat and will protect 42.56% of future suitable habitat. Current areas of climate refugia amounted to 212,341 km2 and are mainly distributed in the Sanjiangyuan region, Qilian mountains, and surrounding areas. Our results provide valuable information for formulating strategies to meet future conservation challenges brought on by climate stress. We suggest that conservation efforts in Qinghai Province should focus on protecting areas of climate refugia and on maintaining or building corridors when planning for future species management.},
}
@article {pmid34936455,
year = {2021},
author = {Bell, DA and Kovach, RP and Muhlfeld, CC and Al-Chokhachy, R and Cline, TJ and Whited, DC and Schmetterling, DA and Lukacs, PM and Whiteley, AR},
title = {Climate change and expanding invasive species drive widespread declines of native trout in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {7},
number = {52},
pages = {eabj5471},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abj5471},
pmid = {34936455},
issn = {2375-2548},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34936420,
year = {2022},
author = {Hernández, D},
title = {Climate Justice Starts at Home: Building Resilient Housing to Reduce Disparate Impacts From Climate Change in Residential Settings.},
journal = {American journal of public health},
volume = {112},
number = {1},
pages = {66-68},
doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2021.306611},
pmid = {34936420},
issn = {1541-0048},
}
@article {pmid34929008,
year = {2021},
author = {Akrivou, A and Georgopoulou, I and Papachristos, DP and Milonas, PG and Kriticos, DJ},
title = {Potential global distribution of Aleurocanthus woglumi considering climate change and irrigation.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {e0261626},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0261626},
pmid = {34929008},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an important agricultural quarantine pest, causing substantial economic losses to citrus and many other cultivated crops. Aleurocanthus woglumi is found in tropical and subtropical regions but is presently unknown in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. We used CLIMEX to model the potential distribution of A. woglumi under an historical climate scenario (centred on 1995), including a spatially explicit irrigation scenario. We found that A. woglumi could potentially invade the Mediterranean Basin, and south-east Asia, including Australia. There is potential for it to invade most of sub-Saharan Africa. Irrigation is revealed as an important habitat factor affecting the potential distribution of A. woglumi, increasing its potential range by 53% in Asia. Under a future climate scenario for 2050, its potential distribution increased across all continents except Africa, where potential range expansion due to relaxation of cold stresses was limited, and was offset by range decrease due to lethal heat or dry stress. As global climates warm, Europe is likely to face a substantial increase in the area at risk of establishment by A. woglumi (almost doubling under the 2050 irrigation scenario). The biosecurity threat from A. woglumi is significant in current citrus production areas and poses a challenge to biosecurity managers and risk analysts.},
}
@article {pmid34924649,
year = {2021},
author = {Day, J and Chin, N and Sydnor, S and Widhalm, M and Shah, KU and Dorworth, L},
title = {Implications of climate change for tourism and outdoor recreation: an Indiana, USA, case study.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {169},
number = {3-4},
pages = {29},
doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03284-w},
pmid = {34924649},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {In this case study, we examine a broad range of impacts on tourism and recreation based on projected changes to Indiana's climate. The direct impacts of climate change on Indiana include increases in the number of hot and extremely hot days each summer, fewer mild days, more rain, and less snow. Each direct impact will affect tourism and recreation. Additionally, a range of indirect impacts are anticipated, including climate-related changes in health issues, new infrastructure needs, changes in forests and other recreational areas, and shifting consumer attitudes toward travel and recreation. Although direct impacts are predictable, indirect impacts on the complex tourism system are harder to anticipate, and the tourism and recreation industry must build resilience to respond to future change. The paper concludes with recommendations for future study.},
}
@article {pmid34924599,
year = {2021},
author = {Furlow, J and Braun, M},
title = {America's Polarized Politics of Climate Change.},
journal = {Inter economics},
volume = {56},
number = {6},
pages = {371-372},
doi = {10.1007/s10272-021-1016-3},
pmid = {34924599},
issn = {0020-5346},
}
@article {pmid34923724,
year = {2021},
author = {Ross Hunter, W},
title = {Can carbon storage in West Antarctic fjords have an impact on climate change, following glacier retreat?.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.16047},
pmid = {34923724},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Zwerschke et al's (2021) paper 'Quantification of blue carbon pathways contributing to negative feedback on climate change following glacier retreat in West Antarctic fjords' provides an interesting insight into the potential for Antarctic fjords to store carbon, following glacial retreat. The authors used ash free dry mass (AFDM) as a proxy for carbon content in the carbon content of sediments and microbenthic infauna within the fjords to estimate their carbon sequestration potential. This equates to between 0.05 and 0.19 % of the estimated carbon buried at the seafloor. Consequently, the paper's assertion that these fjords could provide a negative feedback against climate change is tenuous when considered against the wider impacts of Antarctic deglaciation.},
}
@article {pmid34923594,
year = {2021},
author = {Narouei, M and Javadi, SA and Khodagholi, M and Jafari, M and Azizinejad, R},
title = {Modeling the effects of climate change on the potential distribution of the rangeland species Gymnocarpus decander Forssk (case study: Arid region of southeastern Iran).},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {194},
number = {1},
pages = {33},
pmid = {34923594},
issn = {1573-2959},
abstract = {The phenomenon of climate change is the biggest environmental challenge in the world. Climate is a determinant factor in species distribution, and climate change will affect the species' abilities to occupy geographic regions. In this study which was conducted in May of 2019, spatio-temporal changes in potential habitats of Gymnocarpus decander were assessed using the MRI-CGCM3 climate change model for RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios for the near future (2041-2061) and far future (2061-2080) periods for this purpose, climatic variables of 24 synoptic stations across a case study, bio-climatic data and vegetation cover maps of G. decander were used. First, using the factor analysis process, the dimensions of the station-observed climatic variables were reduced to five factors with a total variance of 88.3%. Then, the region was divided into five homogeneous climatic regions using partitional clustering analysis. In this study by using the logistic regression modeling technique, the probability of the presence of the desired species for two groups of independent variables including climatic factors and bioclimatic variables in each of the groups was modeled. The results showed that the best models for determining the potential habitats of G. decander are logistic regression models in groups with independent bioclimatic variables. According to the results obtained from both scenarios, the habitats of G. decander species will decrease in the future. In the most optimistic case, about 8% of G. decander habitats will be lost by 2060 and about 12% by 2080. According to modeling results, currently, 48.2% total area of the region under study has a high potential for the presence of G. decander. Also, results indicate that region number 4 in this study with an altitude range of about 800-1250 m, 16 °C average temperature in the growing season and annual precipitation around 150-170 mm is the major habitat for G. decander. According to climate change under the RCP2.6 scenario, the area of potential habitats of G. decander will decrease to 40% in the near future and 36.4% in the far future; and according to climate change under the RCP8.5 scenario, the area of potential habitats of G. decander will decrease to 23.9% in the near future and 32.5% in the far future. In the far future, because of the increase in total precipitation, some of the lost potential habitats during the near future will be suitable again for G. decander. Due to its stability in harsh environmental conditions, G. decander appears as a type-forming species in a wide range of natural habitats in the study area and is therefore important in terms of soil protection and forage production.},
}
@article {pmid34922164,
year = {2021},
author = {Tomou, EM and Skaltsa, H and Economou, G and Trichopoulou, A},
title = {Sustainable diets &amp; medicinal aromatic plants in Greece: Perspectives towards climate change.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {374},
number = {},
pages = {131767},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131767},
pmid = {34922164},
issn = {1873-7072},
abstract = {In recent years, climate change continuously concerns the scientific community about its effects on agrobiodiversity, food safety and human health. Remodeling to sustainable diets and lifestyles is proved to be the most radical need to tackle this grave phenomenon. The goals of this commentary are to present the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet as a principal sustainable diet, to emphasize the role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Greece as indispensable components of this healthy dietary pattern, and to discuss the potential results of climate change at their phytochemical content. Moreover, the impact of climate challenge at the occurrence of Greek MAPs and their survival is also described. Multiple approaches for addressing this challenge are proposed, as well as recommendations for specific actions with a focus on Greek traditional Mediterranean diet and MAPs of Greece.},
}
@article {pmid34921346,
year = {2021},
author = {Niella, Y and Butcher, P and Holmes, B and Barnett, A and Harcourt, R},
title = {Correction to: Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00442-021-05092-6},
pmid = {34921346},
issn = {1432-1939},
}
@article {pmid34920240,
year = {2021},
author = {Xu, Y and Ma, L and Sui, J and Li, X and Wang, H and Zhang, B},
title = {Potential effects of climate change on the habitat suitability of macrobenthos in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {174},
number = {},
pages = {113238},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113238},
pmid = {34920240},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Species distribution models (SDMs) are used to detect potential effects of climate change on the habitat suitability of macrobenthos in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. We obtained the presence/absence data of five dominant and characteristic macrobenthos from 268 sites investigated during 2000-2016 and 13 environmental variables from online datasets. The ensemble SDMs were constructed and were in good model performance for all five species. Model projections showed that the five species displayed different reactions to future climate scenarios: two species (the ophiuroid Ophiura sarsii vadicola and the bivalve Thyasira tokunagai) will likely contract their ranges, two (the crab Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides and the polychaete Sternaspis chinensis) will likely expand their ranges, and one (the ophiuroid Amphioplus japonicus) will likely move northward. Those differences were mainly due to their difference in thermal tolerance. Our findings provide important scientific basis for understanding the influence of climate change on marine benthic ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid34918414,
year = {2021},
author = {Subiza, J and Cabrera, M and Cárdenas-Rebollo, JM and Craciunescu, JC and Narganes, MJ},
title = {Influence of climate change on airborne pollen concentrations in Madrid, 1979-2018.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cea.14082},
pmid = {34918414},
issn = {1365-2222},
}
@article {pmid34918089,
year = {2021},
author = {Webster, P and Neal, K},
title = {COP26-will it connect the dots between climate change and inequality?.},
journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {685-686},
doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdab388},
pmid = {34918089},
issn = {1741-3850},
}
@article {pmid34917807,
year = {2021},
author = {Khairulbahri, M},
title = {Analyzing the impacts of climate change on rice supply in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {12},
pages = {e08515},
pmid = {34917807},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Differing from other main grains, rice is mainly fed by humans. This means that rice is important for human food security. Rice also has a significant contribution to employment and the economy, especially in developing countries. Owing to this, understanding the negative impacts of climate change on rice supply is a critical issue. This study uses the system dynamics modeling to investigate the impacts of climate change on three factors: rice yield, harvested areas, and rice production in West Nusa Tenggara (WNT), Indonesia throughout this century. In doing so, this study incorporates production and climate factors in assessing the impacts of climate change on rice supply. Although climate change may allow a small increase in harvested areas, decreases in rice yield will likely outweigh this. Owing to this, policymakers should not rely on the farming land expansion. Rather, policymakers should enhance the research and development of heat-tolerant rice varieties to anticipate the negative impacts of climate change on rice supply. This study also claims that despite the negative impacts of climate change on rice production, WNT can fulfill its local rice demand under a changing climate. Nevertheless, WNT cannot provide a sufficient rice for its neighboring provinces: Bali and East Nusa Tenggara.},
}
@article {pmid34917286,
year = {2021},
author = {Joseph, S and Antwi, MA and Chagwiza, C and Rubhara, TT},
title = {Climate change adaptation strategies and production efficiency: The case of citrus farmers in the Limpopo province, South Africa.},
journal = {Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa)},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {1093},
pmid = {34917286},
issn = {1996-1421},
abstract = {Climate change adaptation policies and strategies have inevitably become an integral component of agricultural production on a global scale. The evaluative extent to which these adaptation techniques have influenced agricultural productivity is inherently exiguous. Citrus production in tropical regions such as South Africa, is more vulnerable to climate change as the region already experience hot and dry climate, hence the need to implement different strategies for climate change adaption in these regions. This study was designed to assess the effect of adopting the following climate change adaptation measures: planting drought resistant varieties, rainwater harvesting, planting early maturing varieties, integrated pest management (IPM) , changing fertiliser type, and applying drip irrigation to manage climate challenges on the production efficiency of citrus farmers in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The stochastic frontier production function with Cobb Douglas production functional form was used to analyse the productivity of farmers' vis-à-vis adopted climate change strategies. A survey was conducted and data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire administered to respondents from 235 production units in the five district municipalities of Limpopo. The likelihood ratio tests for profit models showed that farmers were profit efficient considering the identified adaptation strategies. The variables that influenced profit efficiency was price of fertiliser (p < 0.010) and water cost (p < 0.010). The inefficiency model showed that besides changing fertiliser as an adaptation measure, the other adaptation strategies including IPM, water harvesting and planting drought resistant varieties did not change the profit efficiency of farmers. Therefore, the results indicate that citrus farmers can still adapt to climate change and remain profit efficient.},
}
@article {pmid34916499,
year = {2021},
author = {Tao, Y and Steckel, D and Klemeš, JJ and You, F},
title = {Trend towards virtual and hybrid conferences may be an effective climate change mitigation strategy.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {7324},
pmid = {34916499},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {CBET-1643244//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
abstract = {Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has urged event holders to shift conferences online. Virtual and hybrid conferences are greener alternatives to in-person conferences, yet their environmental sustainability has not been fully assessed. Considering food, accommodation, preparation, execution, information and communication technology, and transportation, here we report comparative life cycle assessment results of in-person, virtual, and hybrid conferences and consider carbon footprint trade-offs between in-person participation and hybrid conferences. We find that transitioning from in-person to virtual conferencing can substantially reduce the carbon footprint by 94% and energy use by 90%. For the sake of maintaining more than 50% of in-person participation, carefully selected hubs for hybrid conferences have the potential to slash carbon footprint and energy use by two-thirds. Furthermore, switching the dietary type of future conferences to plant-based diets and improving energy efficiencies of the information and communication technology sector can further reduce the carbon footprint of virtual conferences.},
}
@article {pmid34914521,
year = {2021},
author = {Huderson, A},
title = {Climate change in the classroomMiseducation: How Climate Change Is Taught in America Katie Worth Columbia Global Reports, 2021. 184 pp.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {374},
number = {6574},
pages = {1451},
doi = {10.1126/science.abl9313},
pmid = {34914521},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34912130,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, AY and Trtanj, JM and Lipp, EK and Balbus, JM},
title = {Toward an Integrated System of Climate Change and Human Health Indicators: A Conceptual Framework.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {166},
number = {3-4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03125-w},
pmid = {34912130},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {Environmental health indicators are helpful for tracking and communicating complex health trends, informing science and policy decisions, and evaluating public health actions. When provided on a national scale, they can help inform the general public, policy makers, and public health professionals about important trends in exposures and how well public health systems are preventing those exposures from causing adverse health outcomes. There is a growing need to understand national trends in exposures and health outcomes associated with climate change and the effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies for health. To date, most indicators for health implications of climate change have been designed as independent, individual metrics. This approach fails to take into account how exposure-outcome pathways for climate-attributable health outcomes involve multiple, interconnected components. We propose reframing climate change and health indicators as a linked system of indicators, which can be described as follows: upstream climate drivers affect environmental states, which then determine human exposures, which ultimately lead to health outcomes; these climate-related risks are modified by population vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies. We apply this new conceptual framework to three illustrative climate-sensitive health outcomes and associated exposure-outcome pathways: pollen allergies and asthma, West Nile Virus infection, and vibriosis.},
}
@article {pmid34910525,
year = {2021},
author = {Bernardo, C and Wang, L and Vasca, F and Hong, Y and Shi, G and Altafini, C},
title = {Achieving consensus in multilateral international negotiations: The case study of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {7},
number = {51},
pages = {eabg8068},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abg8068},
pmid = {34910525},
issn = {2375-2548},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34910255,
year = {2021},
author = {El-Sayed, AM and Ganji, S and Gross, J and Giesen, N and Rid, M and Lo, PL and Kokeny, A and Unelius, CR},
title = {Correction to: Climate change risk to pheromone application in pest management.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {109},
number = {1},
pages = {8},
doi = {10.1007/s00114-021-01770-w},
pmid = {34910255},
issn = {1432-1904},
}
@article {pmid34907855,
year = {2021},
author = {Aoyagi, T and Chiba, Y and Kitaoka, H},
title = {Association between acute coronary syndrome onset risk and climate change.},
journal = {Archives of environmental &amp; occupational health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/19338244.2021.2016567},
pmid = {34907855},
issn = {2154-4700},
abstract = {This study aimed to clarify the association between the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and weather conditions in summer and winter in the same region. At a general hospital inJapan, weather conditions during the onset of 2,381 cases diagnosed with ACS over 25 years were analyzed using a generalized additive model adopting log-quasi-Poisson distribution as the link function, with "the occurrence of ACS" as the dependent variable and "weather data" as the independent variable. In conclusion, we found that ACS occurred at about the same frequency in winter and summer, and the season did not affect the onset. The onset rate decreased 0.960-fold per 1 °C increase in the minimum temperature one day before the day of onset and decreased 0.987-fold per 1 hPa increase in the mean station pressure of the previous day.},
}
@article {pmid34904352,
year = {2021},
author = {Ojala, M},
title = {Commentary: Climate change worry among adolescents-on the importance of going beyond the constructive-unconstructive dichotomy to explore coping efforts-a commentary on Sciberras and Fernando (2021).},
journal = {Child and adolescent mental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/camh.12530},
pmid = {34904352},
issn = {1475-357X},
abstract = {This opinion piece comments on Sciberras and Fernando's (2021) article in which an 8-year longitudinal study is presented. The authors investigate trajectories of climate change worry through adolescence and associations with measures of depression and engagement with news and politics in late adolescence. Their objective is to explore whether climate change worry is a constructive or unconstructive psychological phenomenon. Their conclusion is that it is mainly an adaptive response but, for some groups, such as young people with pre-existing mental health problems, climate change worry could exacerbate their difficulties. In this commentary, it is argued that since research has found diverse results regarding whether climate worry is adaptive or not, one should perhaps not focus so much on the emotion itself, but rather on how people cope with their worry. Some examples of how young people cope with climate change are presented, and it is argued that taking account of these coping strategies in future longitudinal studies would be beneficial.},
}
@article {pmid34904349,
year = {2021},
author = {Parry, S and McCarthy, SR and Clark, J},
title = {Young people's engagement with climate change issues through digital media - a content analysis.},
journal = {Child and adolescent mental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/camh.12532},
pmid = {34904349},
issn = {1475-357X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The reporting of climate change issues through social media can influence young people's mental health and engagement. However, there has been little research undertaken directly with young people in relation to social and digital media's reporting of climate change, and how this is experienced by young people.<br><br>METHOD: This study aimed to explore the interface between climate change and social media reporting for young people. A two-stage iterative approach to recruitment and data collection included an initial qualitative stage (N = 28), consisting of open-ended questions about social media's reporting of climate change issues. The second stage (N = 23) included further open-ended questions and 10 Likert-Scale questions. Overall, 51 young people 16-25-years-old opted to take part (M = 11; F = 40). Descriptive statistics and an inductive data-driven content analysis are reported.<br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 95% of the participants reported that they had the personal skills to cope with climate change reporting on social media. Most participants stated that coverage on the climate increased 'climate change anxiety' but not their overall mental health difficulties. A four-stage experiential process of observing social media's reporting of climate change, feeling emotionally affected by the reporting, critically apprising the content and feeling motivated to engage in climate change activism emerged from the content analysis. The participants discussed experiences of digital media, rather than solely social media, in their accounts.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The participants recommended changes to climate change reporting and increasing access to education about climate change issues to reduce anxiety and enhance motivation for positive personal engagement. Involving young people in conversations and education about climate change were seen as protective factors for mental health and enablers for motivation. Motivation, agency and pathways for positive change were associated with hopefulness.},
}
@article {pmid34903627,
year = {2021},
author = {Huffling, K},
title = {Nurses Drawdown: Building a Nurse-Led, Solutions-Based Quality Improvement Project to Address Climate Change.},
journal = {Creative nursing},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {245-250},
doi = {10.1891/cn-2021-0015},
pmid = {34903627},
issn = {1078-4535},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change is one of the most significant threats to public health we currently face. While the link between climate change and health is clear, many nurses have not received education on climate change, as it may not routinely be included in nursing curricula. This lack of knowledge can prevent nurses from engaging in climate solutions, incorporating climate change into their practice or research, or participating in climate advocacy within their institutions or with policymakers.<br><br>METHODS: Nurses Drawdown is a web-based platform that builds on the work of Project Drawdown, which identifies and quantifies effective, evidence-based climate solutions. Nurses Drawdown utilizes evidence-based techniques for web design and movement building to engage a global nursing audience on five areas of action that have clear links to health: Energy, Food, Gender Equity, Mobility, and Nature-Based Solutions.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixteen nursing organizations signed on with Nurses Drawdown as official partners; within 1 month of going live, nurses from 16 countries had committed to take action. Web-based movement building can effectively engage a global nursing audience. However, new partnerships with nursing organizations may not form until there is proof of nursing engagement.},
}
@article {pmid34902203,
year = {2021},
author = {Oyinlola, MA and Reygondeau, G and Wabnitz, CCC and Frölicher, TL and Lam, VWY and Cheung, WWL},
title = {Projecting global mariculture production and adaptation pathways under climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15991},
pmid = {34902203},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //the Nippon Foundation-the University of British Columbia Nereus Program/ ; },
abstract = {The sustainability of global seafood supply to meet increasing demand is facing several challenges, including increasing consumption levels due to a growing human population, fisheries resources over-exploitation and climate change. Whilst growth in seafood production from capture fisheries is limited, global mariculture production is expanding. However, climate change poses risks to the potential seafood production from mariculture. Here, we apply a global mariculture production model that accounts for changing ocean conditions, suitable marine area for farming, fishmeal and fish oil production, farmed species dietary demand, farmed fish price and global seafood demand to project mariculture production under two climate and socio-economic scenarios. We include 85 farmed marine fish and mollusc species, representing about 70% of all mariculture production in 2015. Results show positive global mariculture production changes by the mid and end of the 21st century relative to the 2000s under the SSP1-2.6 scenario with an increase of 17%±5 and 33%±6, respectively. However, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, an increase of 8%±5 is projected, with production peaking by mid-century and declining by 16%±5 towards the end of the 21st century. More than 25% of mariculture-producing nations are projected to lose 40%-90% of their current mariculture production potential under SSP5-8.5 by mid-century. Projected impacts are mainly due to the direct ocean warming effects on farmed species and suitable marine areas, and the indirect impacts of changing availability of forage fishes supplies to produce aquafeed. Fishmeal replacement with alternative protein can lower climate impacts on a subset of finfish production. However, such adaptation measures do not apply to regions dominated by non-feed-based farming (i.e. molluscs) and regions losing substantial marine areas suitable for mariculture. Our study highlights the importance of strong mitigation efforts and the need for different climate adaptation options tailored to the diversity of mariculture systems, to support climate-resilient mariculture development.},
}
@article {pmid34900513,
year = {2021},
author = {Meijers, MHC and Scholz, C and Torfadóttir, RH and Wonneberger, A and Markov, M},
title = {Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic to combat climate change: comparing drivers of individual action in global crises.},
journal = {Journal of environmental studies and sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1007/s13412-021-00727-9},
pmid = {34900513},
issn = {2190-6483},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are two global crises that require collective action. Yet, the inertia typically associated with behavior change to limit climate change stands in contrast to the speed associated with behavior change to stop the spread of COVID-19. Identifying the roots of these differences can help us stimulate climate-friendly behaviors. We assessed the extent to which a number of theory-based drivers underlie behaviors aiming to counter COVID-19 and climate change with an online survey (N = 534). We focused on the role of a number of drivers derived from prominent behavior change theories and meta-analyses in the field, namely, personal threat, threat to close others, threat to vulnerable others, fear, participative efficacy, injunctive and descriptive social norms, and governmental policy perceptions. We investigated (1) what drivers people perceived as most important to engage in behaviors that limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change and (2) the strength of the associations between these drivers and engaging in behaviors that limit the spread of the pandemic and climate change. Results highlight three key drivers for climate change action: changing perceptions of governmental policy and perceptions of threat to close others and priming participative efficacy beliefs.},
}
@article {pmid34898861,
year = {2021},
author = {McMahon, K and Gray, C},
title = {Climate change, social vulnerability and child nutrition in South Asia.},
journal = {Global environmental change : human and policy dimensions},
volume = {71},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102414},
pmid = {34898861},
issn = {0959-3780},
abstract = {Despite recent advancements in global population well-being and food security, climate change threatens to undermine child nutritional health, particularly for marginalized populations in tropical low- and middle-income countries. South Asia is at particular risk for climate-driven undernutrition due to a combination of historical weather exposures, existing nutritional deficits, and a lack of sanitation access. Previous studies have established that precipitation extremes increase rates of undernutrition in this region, but the existing literature lacks adequate consideration of temperature anomalies, mediating social factors, and the developmentally-relevant timing of exposure. We combine high-resolution temperature and precipitation data with large-sample survey data on household demographics and child anthropometry, using an approach that incorporates three key developmental periods and a rigorous fixed effects design. We find that precipitation extremes in the first year of life significantly decrease children's height-for-age (HAZ) in South Asia. The detrimental effects of extreme precipitation are especially concentrated in under-resourced households, such as those lacking access to proper sanitation and education for women, while anomalous heat is particularly harmful for children in Pakistan, though it tends to benefit children in some demographic groups. These results indicate that nutritional status in South Asia is highly responsive to climate exposures, and that addressing sanitation infrastructure and other development priorities is a pathway towards reducing this vulnerability.},
}
@article {pmid34895739,
year = {2021},
author = {Cockrell, HC and Anderson, JE and Hansen, EE and Waldhausen, JHT and Greenberg, SLM},
title = {An imperative for the pediatric surgical community to prioritize climate change.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.11.004},
pmid = {34895739},
issn = {1531-5037},
}
@article {pmid34895496,
year = {2021},
author = {Hickman, C and Marks, E and Pihkala, P and Clayton, S and Lewandowski, RE and Mayall, EE and Wray, B and Mellor, C and van Susteren, L},
title = {Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey.},
journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health},
volume = {5},
number = {12},
pages = {e863-e873},
doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3},
pmid = {34895496},
issn = {2542-5196},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change has important implications for the health and futures of children and young people, yet they have little power to limit its harm, making them vulnerable to climate anxiety. This is the first large-scale investigation of climate anxiety in children and young people globally and its relationship with perceived government response.<br><br>METHODS: We surveyed 10 000 children and young people (aged 16-25 years) in ten countries (Australia, Brazil, Finland, France, India, Nigeria, Philippines, Portugal, the UK, and the USA; 1000 participants per country). Invitations to complete the survey were sent via the platform Kantar between May 18 and June 7, 2021. Data were collected on participants' thoughts and feelings about climate change, and government responses to climate change. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each aspect of climate anxiety, and Pearson's correlation analysis was done to evaluate whether climate-related distress, functioning, and negative beliefs about climate change were linked to thoughts and feelings about government response.<br><br>FINDINGS: Respondents across all countries were worried about climate change (59% were very or extremely worried and 84% were at least moderately worried). More than 50% reported each of the following emotions: sad, anxious, angry, powerless, helpless, and guilty. More than 45% of respondents said their feelings about climate change negatively affected their daily life and functioning, and many reported a high number of negative thoughts about climate change (eg, 75% said that they think the future is frightening and 83% said that they think people have failed to take care of the planet). Respondents rated governmental responses to climate change negatively and reported greater feelings of betrayal than of reassurance. Climate anxiety and distress were correlated with perceived inadequate government response and associated feelings of betrayal.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: Climate anxiety and dissatisfaction with government responses are widespread in children and young people in countries across the world and impact their daily functioning. A perceived failure by governments to respond to the climate crisis is associated with increased distress. There is an urgent need for further research into the emotional impact of climate change on children and young people and for governments to validate their distress by taking urgent action on climate change.<br><br>FUNDING: AVAAZ.},
}
@article {pmid34891007,
year = {2021},
author = {Ishtiaque, A and Estoque, R and Eakin, H and Parajuli, J and Rabby, YW},
title = {IPCC's current conceptualization of 'vulnerability' needs more clarification for climate change vulnerability assessments.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {114246},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114246},
pmid = {34891007},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {In this Short Communication, we raise the concern that the existing conceptualization of 'vulnerability', introduced in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), is not facilitative for standalone vulnerability assessments and that this conceptualization has not been well accepted by the vulnerability researchers. We identify three key reasons for low adoption of the AR5 conceptualization in climate change vulnerability assessments, and urge the IPCC Working Group II to clarify how the current conceptualization of 'vulnerability' can facilitate standalone climate change vulnerability assessments. We propose treating 'exposure' not only as a precondition for vulnerability but also as a secondary driver of vulnerability to capture the influence of differential exposure.},
}
@article {pmid34890680,
year = {2021},
author = {Voet, HEE and Van Colen, C and Vanaverbeke, J},
title = {Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {152194},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152194},
pmid = {34890680},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {In the effort towards a decarbonised future, the local effects of a proliferating offshore wind farm (OWF) industry add to and interact with the global effects of marine climate change. This study aimed to quantify potential ecophysiological effects of ocean warming and acidification and to estimate and compare the cumulative clearance potential of suspended food items by OWF epifauna under current and future climate conditions. To this end, this study combined ecophysiological responses to ocean warming and acidification of three dominant colonising species on OWF artificial hard substrates (the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, the tube-building amphipod Jassa herdmani and the plumose anemone Metridium senile). In general, mortality, respiration rate and clearance rate increased during 3- to 6-week experimental exposures across all three species, except for M. senile, who exhibited a lower clearance rate in the warmed treatments (+3 °C) and an insensitivity to lowered pH (-0.3 pH units) in terms of survival and respiration rate. Ocean warming and acidification affected growth antagonistically, with elevated temperature being beneficial for M. edulis and lowered pH being beneficial for M. senile. The seawater volume potentially cleared from suspended food particles by this AHS colonising community increased significantly, extending the affected distance around an OWF foundation by 9.2% in a future climate scenario. By using an experimental multi-stressor approach, this study thus demonstrates how ecophysiology underpins functional responses to climate change in these environments, highlighting for the first time the integrated, cascading potential effects of OWFs and climate change on the marine ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid34890677,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhang, M and Keenan, TF and Luo, X and Serra-Diaz, JM and Li, W and King, T and Cheng, Q and Li, Z and Andriamiarisoa, RL and Raherivelo, TNAN and Li, Y and Gong, P},
title = {Elevated CO2 moderates the impact of climate change on future bamboo distribution in Madagascar.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {152235},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152235},
pmid = {34890677},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The distribution of bamboo is sensitive to climate change and is also potentially affected by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations due to its C3 photosynthetic pathway. Yet the effect of CO2 in climate impact assessments of potential changes in bamboo distribution has to date been overlooked. In this study, we proposed a simple and quantitative method to incorporate the impact of atmospheric CO2 concentration into a species distribution modeling framework. To do so, we implemented 10 niche modeling algorithms with regionally downscaled climatic variables and combined field campaign observations. We assessed future climate impacts on the distribution of an economically and ecologically important and widely distributed bamboo species in Madagascar, and examined the effect of increasing CO2 on future projections. Our results suggested that future climatic changes negatively impact potential bamboo distribution in Madagascar, leading to a decline of 34.8% of climatic suitability and a decline of 63.6 ± 3.2% in suitable areas towards 2100 under RCP 8.5. However, increasing atmosphere CO2 offsets the climate impact for bamboo, and led to a smaller reduction of 19.8% in suitability and a potential distribution expansion of +111.6 ± 9.8% in newly suitable areas. We also found that the decline in climatic suitability for bamboo was related to increasing monthly potential evapotranspiration of the warmest quarter and minimum temperature of the warmest month. Conversely, the decreasing isothermality and increasing precipitation of the warmest quarter contributed to projected increase in bamboo-suitable areas. Our study suggested that elevated CO2 may mitigate the decrease in climatic suitability and increase bamboo-suitable areas, through enhancing water use efficiency and decreasing potential evapotranspiration. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the CO2 effect on future plant species distributions, and provide a mechanistic approach to do so for ecosystems constrained by water.},
}
@article {pmid34887987,
year = {2021},
author = {Sithole, Z and Nyadzayo, T and Kanyowa, T and Mathieu, J and Kambarami, T and Nemaramba, M and Machaka, R and Bekele, H and Njovo, H and Gasasira, A},
title = {Enhancing capacity of Zimbabwe's health system to respond to climate change induced drought: a rapid nutritional assessment.},
journal = {The Pan African medical journal},
volume = {40},
number = {},
pages = {113},
pmid = {34887987},
issn = {1937-8688},
abstract = {Introduction: Zimbabwe experienced the negative effects of the devastating cyclone Idai which affected several districts in the country, and the drought due to low rainfall that has affected the whole country. As a result of these catastrophes, the food and nutrition security situation in the country has deteriorated. For this reason, we carried out a rapid assessment of the health facilities in 19 sampled high global acute malnutrition and high food insecurity districts from the ten provinces of Zimbabwe to ascertain the preparedness of the facilities to respond to drought effects.<br><br>Methods: we conducted a rapid nutritional assessment in 19 purposely selected districts with highest rates of global acute malnutrition from the 10 provinces of Zimbabwe. From these districts, we selected a district hospital and a rural health facility with high number of acute malnutrition cases. We adapted and administered the WHO recommended checklist (Multi-Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) as the assessment tool. We used STATA to generate frequencies, and proportions.<br><br>Results: about 94% (16/19) of the districts had less than 50% health workers trained to manage acute malnutrition. A total of 26% (5/19) of the district hospitals and 32% (6/19) of the primary health care facilities were not admitting according to integrated management of acute malnutrition (IMAM) protocol. Twelve districts (63%) had none of their staff trained in infant and young child feeding (IYCF), 58% (11/19) had no staff trained in growth monitoring and 63% (12/19) of the districts had no trained staff in baby friendly hospital initiative (BFHI). A total of 60% of the provinces did not have combined mineral vitamin mix stocks, 80% had no resomal stocks, 20% did not have micronutrient powder stocks and 30% had no ready to use supplementary food stocks in all their assessed facilities. Fifty percent (50%) of the health facilities were not adequately stocked with growth monitoring cards. Manicaland had the least (20%) number of health facility with a registration system to notify cases of malnutrition.<br><br>Conclusion: we concluded that the Zimbabwe health delivery system is not adequately prepared to respond to the effects of the current drought as most health workers had inadequate capacity to manage acute malnutrition, the nutrition surveillance was weak and inadequate stocks of commodities and anthropometric equipment was noted. Following this, health workers from six of ten provinces were trained on management of acute malnutrition, procurement of some life -saving therapeutic and supplementary foods was done. We further recommend food fortification as a long-term plan, active screening for early identification of malnutrition cases and continuous training of health workers.},
}
@article {pmid34887888,
year = {2021},
author = {Poupon, V and Chakraborty, D and Stejskal, J and Konrad, H and Schueler, S and Lstibůrek, M},
title = {Accelerating Adaptation of Forest Trees to Climate Change Using Individual Tree Response Functions.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {758221},
pmid = {34887888},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {In forest tree breeding, assisted migration has been proposed to accelerate the adaptive response to climate change. Response functions are currently fitted across multiple populations and environments, enabling selections of the most appropriate seed sources for a specific reforestation site. So far, the approach has been limited to capturing adaptive variation among populations, neglecting tree-to-tree variation residing within a population. Here, we combined the response function methodology with the in-situ breeding approach, utilizing progeny trials of European larch (Larix decidua) across 21 test sites in Austria ranging from Alpine to lowland regions. We quantified intra-population genetic variance and predicted individual genetic performance along a climatic gradient. This approach can be adopted in most breeding and conservation programs, boosting the speed of adaptation under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34887822,
year = {2021},
author = {Pereira, T and Freire, T},
title = {Positive Youth Development in the Context of Climate Change: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {786119},
pmid = {34887822},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {Climate change has been acknowledged as one of the most significant current threats for younger generations. However, few studies have focused on climate change impacts on youth and how they can be supported. The purpose of this systematic review is to emphasize that a developmental perspective is fundamental within the interdisciplinary studies concerning climate change. Specifically, we focus our research on how the Positive Youth Development framework may inform future approaches to promote adolescents' and young adults' well-being and engagement in the context of climate change. A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search comprised two databases, and a total of 13 articles were finally considered eligible for review. Data were analyzed using a narrative method. The results show that the Positive Youth Development theory is not yet directly embedded in existing studies concerning adolescents and young adults in the context of climate change, but some of its principles were identified. Examples are provided of how Positive Youth Development characteristics and constructs can enhance future research, practice, and policies. We highlight this framework as an innovative and promising approach in the context of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34887432,
year = {2021},
author = {Fanzo, JC and Downs, SM},
title = {Climate change and nutrition-associated diseases.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Disease primers},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {90},
pmid = {34887432},
issn = {2056-676X},
}
@article {pmid34887397,
year = {2021},
author = {Stan, K and Watt, GA and Sanchez-Azofeifa, A},
title = {Financial stability in response to climate change in a northern temperate economy.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {7161},
pmid = {34887397},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Climate change will have considerable impact on the global economy. Estimates of the economic damages due to climate change have focused on the effect of average temperature, but not the effect of other important climate variables. Related research has not explored the sub-annual economic cycles which may be impacted by climate volatility. To address these deficits, we propose a flexible, non-linear framework which includes a wide range of climate variables to estimate changes in GDP and project sub-annual economic cycle adjustments (period, amplitude, trough depth). We find that the inclusion of a more robust set of climate variables improves model performance by over 20%. Importantly, the improved model predicts an increase in GDP rather than a decrease when only temperature is considered. We also find that climate influences the sub-annual economics of all but one province in Canada. Highest stressed were the Prairie and Atlantic regions. Least stressed was the Southeastern region. Our study advances understanding of the nuances in the relationship between climate change and economic output in Canada. It also provides a method that can be applied to related economies globally to target adaptation and resilience management.},
}
@article {pmid34886568,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, X and Ma, Z and Dong, J},
title = {Quantitative Impact Analysis of Climate Change on Residents' Health Conditions with Improving Eco-Efficiency in China: A Machine Learning Perspective.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph182312842},
pmid = {34886568},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Climate change affects public health, and improving eco-efficiency means reducing the various pollutants that are the result of economic activities. This study provided empirical evidence of the quantitative impact analysis of climate change on the health conditions of residents across China due to improvements that have been made to eco-efficiency. First, the indicators that were collected present adequate graphical trends and regional differences with a priori evidence about their relationships to each other; second, the present study applied Sensitivity Evaluation with Support Vector Machines (SE-SVM) to Chinese provincial panel data, taking the Visits to Hospitals, Outpatients with Emergency Treatment, and Number of Inpatients as proxy variables for the health conditions of the residents in each area and temperature, humidity, precipitation, and sunshine as the climate change variables, simultaneously incorporating the calculated eco-efficiency with six controlling indicators; third, we compared in-sample forecasting to acquire the optimal model in order to conduct elasticity analysis. The results showed that (1) temperature, humidity, precipitation, and sunshine performed well in forecasting the health conditions of the residents and that climate change was a good forecaster for resident health conditions; (2) from the national perspective, climate change had a positive relationship with Visits to Hospitals and Outpatients with Emergency Treatment but a negative relationship with the Number of Inpatients; (3) An increase in regional eco-efficiency of 1% increase the need for Visits to Hospitals and Outpatients with Emergency Treatment by 0.2242% and 0.2688%, respectively, but decreased the Number of Inpatients by 0.6272%; (4) increasing the regional eco-efficiency did not show any positive effects for any individual region because a variety of local activities, resource endowment, and the level of medical technology available in each region played different roles. The main findings of the present study are helpful for decision makers who are trying to optimize policy formulation and implementation measures in the cross-domains of economic, environmental, and public health.},
}
@article {pmid34886422,
year = {2021},
author = {Allen, EM and Munala, L and Henderson, JR},
title = {Kenyan Women Bearing the Cost of Climate Change.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph182312697},
pmid = {34886422},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Climate change-induced crises can aggravate intimate partner violence (IPV); the loss of income when weather affects the agricultural industry can exacerbate violence at home. In Kenya, climate change has increased precipitation during the rainy season and raised temperatures during the dry season, resulting in floods and droughts. For 75% of Kenyans, agricultural activities are their primary source of income. This research aims to assess patterns in IPV and severe weather events (SWE). We examined Integrated Public Use Microdata Series-Demographic Health Survey (IPUMS-DHS) data from 2008 and 2014 for IPV severity and frequency. We used Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) data along with GPS coordinates to identify SWEs (defined as any flood >10 days) by county in Kenya. Overall, women were more likely to experience IPV if their spouse worked in agriculture (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.10-1.36). There was a 60% increase in the odds of reporting IPV in counties that experienced an SWE as compared to counties that did not experience an SWE (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.35-1.89). This analysis further supports the growing body of research that suggests a relationship between climate change-related weather events and violence against women.},
}
@article {pmid34886037,
year = {2021},
author = {Andersson-Sköld, Y and Nordin, L and Nyberg, E and Johannesson, M},
title = {A Framework for Identification, Assessment and Prioritization of Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Roads and Railways.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph182312314},
pmid = {34886037},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {TRV 2018/41080 and TRV 2020/25361//Swedish Transport Administration/ ; Dnr. 2021/0089-7.2//VTI/ ; },
abstract = {Severe accidents and high costs associated with weather-related events already occur in today's climate. Unless preventive measures are taken, the costs are expected to increase in future due to ongoing climate change. However, the risk reduction measures are costly as well and may result in unwanted impacts. Therefore, it is important to identify, assess and prioritize which measures are necessary to undertake, as well as where and when these are to be undertaken. To be able to make such evaluations, robust (scientifically based), transparent and systematic assessments and valuations are required. This article describes a framework to assess the cause-and-effect relationships and how to estimate the costs and benefits as a basis to assess and prioritize measures for climate adaptation of roads and railways. The framework includes hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment, identification, monetary and non-monetary evaluation of possible risk reduction measures and a step regarding distribution-, goal- and sensitivity analyses. The results from applying the framework shall be used to prioritize among potential risk reduction measures as well as when to undertake them.},
}
@article {pmid34882701,
year = {2021},
author = {Farr, ER and Johnson, MR and Nelson, MW and Hare, JA and Morrison, WE and Lettrich, MD and Vogt, B and Meaney, C and Howson, UA and Auster, PJ and Borsuk, FA and Brady, DC and Cashman, MJ and Colarusso, P and Grabowski, JH and Hawkes, JP and Mercaldo-Allen, R and Packer, DB and Stevenson, DK},
title = {An assessment of marine, estuarine, and riverine habitat vulnerability to climate change in the Northeast U.S.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {e0260654},
pmid = {34882701},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Climate change is impacting the function and distribution of habitats used by marine, coastal, and diadromous species. These impacts often exacerbate the anthropogenic stressors that habitats face, particularly in the coastal environment. We conducted a climate vulnerability assessment of 52 marine, estuarine, and riverine habitats in the Northeast U.S. to develop an ecosystem-scale understanding of the impact of climate change on these habitats. The trait-based assessment considers the overall vulnerability of a habitat to climate change to be a function of two main components, sensitivity and exposure, and relies on a process of expert elicitation. The climate vulnerability ranks ranged from low to very high, with living habitats identified as the most vulnerable. Over half of the habitats examined in this study are expected to be impacted negatively by climate change, while four habitats are expected to have positive effects. Coastal habitats were also identified as highly vulnerable, in part due to the influence of non-climate anthropogenic stressors. The results of this assessment provide regional managers and scientists with a tool to inform habitat conservation, restoration, and research priorities, fisheries and protected species management, and coastal and ocean planning.},
}
@article {pmid34880228,
year = {2021},
author = {Harrington, LJ and Schleussner, CF and Otto, FEL},
title = {Quantifying uncertainty in aggregated climate change risk assessments.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {7140},
pmid = {34880228},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {High-level assessments of climate change impacts aggregate multiple perils into a common framework. This requires incorporating multiple dimensions of uncertainty. Here we propose a methodology to transparently assess these uncertainties within the 'Reasons for Concern' framework, using extreme heat as a case study. We quantitatively discriminate multiple dimensions of uncertainty, including future vulnerability and exposure to changing climate hazards. High risks from extreme heat materialise after 1.5-2 °C and very high risks between 2-3.5 °C of warming. Risks emerge earlier if global assessments were based on national risk thresholds, underscoring the need for stringent mitigation to limit future extreme heat risks.},
}
@article {pmid34877387,
year = {2021},
author = {Lamichhane, P and Miller, KK and Hadjikakou, M and Bryan, BA},
title = {Survey data on climate change adaptation and barriers to adoption among smallholder farmers in Nepal.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {39},
number = {},
pages = {107620},
pmid = {34877387},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {The dataset presents the raw data collected through household surveys of smallholder farmers on adaptation to climatic variabilities and change in Sudurpaschim Pradesh (Far Western Province), Nepal. The dataset comprises farmers' responses on the likely determinants of adaptation decisions, actual uptake of adaptation measures, and the barriers to adaptation. We collected the data by conducting face-to-face interviews of 327 farmers using structured questionnaires in all nine districts representing the Mountain, Hill, and Terai agroecosystems in the province. We employed a stratified random sampling technique to recruit participants and interviewed them during December 2019 and March 2020. The interview methodology was approved by the Human Ethics Review Committee at Deakin University, Australia. The dataset is important for understanding the drivers of climate change adaptation and the barriers to adaptation to enhance the resilience of smallholder agriculture in far-western Nepal and can inform climate change adaptation strategies for the region and for the smallholder agroecosystems more broadly. The data are provided with this article.},
}
@article {pmid34876762,
year = {2021},
author = {O'Neill, S and Pidcock, R},
title = {Introducing the Topical Collection: 'Climate change communication and the IPCC'.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {169},
number = {3-4},
pages = {19},
pmid = {34876762},
issn = {0165-0009},
}
@article {pmid34874507,
year = {2021},
author = {van Nieuwenhuizen, A and Hudson, K and Chen, X and Hwong, AR},
title = {The Effects of Climate Change on Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Clinical Considerations.},
journal = {Current psychiatry reports},
volume = {23},
number = {12},
pages = {88},
pmid = {34874507},
issn = {1535-1645},
support = {R25 MH060482/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We review recent literature on the effects of climate change on child and adolescent mental health and discuss treatment and engagement by clinicians.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Climate change affects child and adolescent mental health in many intersecting ways, including as a social and ecological determinant of health, a threat amplifier, and a source of trauma and distress. Single extreme weather events contribute to significant negative mental health consequences; however, subacute and chronic climate events also have mental health sequelae. Furthermore, awareness of the climate crisis is associated with emotional distress. Young people with pre-existing mental illness and lacking social support may be at elevated risk for climate change-related mental health effects. Climate activism is associated with resilience and positive development, but may also be a source of increased stress, particularly for marginalized youths. Climate change can affect the mental health of children and adolescents in complex and diverse ways. Sources of coping and resilience also vary greatly between individuals. Mental health clinicians must respond to this existential crisis by addressing research gaps in this area, obtaining relevant clinical training, educating their communities, and joining and supporting young people in their advocacy efforts.},
}
@article {pmid34873823,
year = {2021},
author = {Martin, G and Reilly, K and Everitt, H and Gilliland, JA},
title = {Review: The impact of climate change awareness on children's mental well-being and negative emotions - a scoping review.},
journal = {Child and adolescent mental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/camh.12525},
pmid = {34873823},
issn = {1475-357X},
support = {//Children's Health Research Institute/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change is a threat to children's physical health, but there are also implications for mental well-being. Additionally, children may experience negative emotional responses stemming from an overarching awareness of the imminent threats to the planet due to climate change.<br><br>METHOD: Using a scoping review, we examined the impact of climate change awareness on children's mental well-being and negative emotions. Our aim was to identify and describe the existing literature and highlight priorities for future research. Three specific objectives guided the review: (1) to identify and provide an overview of research regarding the impact of climate change awareness on children's mental well-being and negative emotions; (2) to summarize and clarify the terminology related to climate change awareness and children's mental well-being and negative emotions; and (3) to make recommendations for areas of future research.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-three articles were included in a narrative synthesis. Many articles were reviews or editorials/commentaries. Of the empirical research, most were from Europe, North America, and Australia. The articles emphasized a large range of negative emotions that children felt about climate change, with anxiety and worry being the most researched and discussed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The research on the impact of awareness of climate change on children's mental well-being and negative emotions is in its early phases. Efforts are needed to advance conceptual clarity and operationalize concepts. Additionally, there is a need for research into the impact of climate change awareness on children's mental well-being and negative emotions among a greater diversity of people and places. Existing studies provide an encouraging basis from which to develop future research.},
}
@article {pmid34873793,
year = {2021},
author = {Beillouin, D and Cardinael, R and Berre, D and Boyer, A and Corbeels, M and Fallot, A and Feder, F and Demenois, J},
title = {A global overview of studies about land management, land-use change, and climate change effects on soil organic carbon.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15998},
pmid = {34873793},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Major drivers of gains or losses in soil organic carbon (SOC) include land management, land-use change, and climate change. Thousands of original studies have focused on these drivers of SOC change and are now compiled in a growing number of meta-analyses. To critically assess the research efforts in this domain, we retrieved and characterized 192 meta-analyses of SOC stocks or concentrations. These meta-analyses comprise more than 13,200 original studies conducted from 1910 to 2020 in 150 countries. First, we show that, despite a growing number of studies over time, the geographical coverage of studies is limited. For example, the effect of land management, land-use change, and climate change on SOC has been only occasionally studied in North and Central Africa, and in the Middle East and Central Asia. Second, the meta-analyses investigated a limited number of land management practices, mostly mineral fertilization, organic amendments, and tillage. Third, the meta-analyses demonstrated relatively low quality and transparency. Lastly, we discuss the mismatch between the increasing number of studies and the need for more local, reusable, and diversified knowledge on how to preserve high SOC stocks or restore depleted SOC stocks.},
}
@article {pmid34873033,
year = {2021},
author = {Cheng, Y and Miller, MJ and Zhang, D and Xiong, Y and Hao, Y and Jia, C and Cai, T and Li, SH and Johansson, US and Liu, Y and Chang, Y and Song, G and Qu, Y and Lei, F},
title = {Parallel genomic responses to historical climate change and high elevation in East Asian songbirds.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {118},
number = {50},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2023918118},
pmid = {34873033},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {Parallel evolution can be expected among closely related taxa exposed to similar selective pressures. However, parallelism is typically stronger at the phenotypic level, while genetic solutions to achieve these phenotypic similarities may differ. For polygenic traits, the availability of standing genetic variation (i.e., heterozygosity) may influence such genetic nonparallelism. Here, we examine the extent to which high-elevation adaptation is parallel-and whether the level of parallelism is affected by heterozygosity-by analyzing genomes of 19 Paridae species distributed across East Asia with a dramatic east-west elevation gradient. We find that western highlands endemic parids have consistently lower levels of heterozygosity-likely the result of late-Pleistocene demographic contraction-than do parids found exclusively in eastern lowlands, which remained unglaciated during the late Pleistocene. Three widespread species (east to west) have high levels of heterozygosity similar to that observed in eastern species, although their western populations are less variable than eastern ones. Comparing genomic responses to extreme environments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we find that the most differentiated genomic regions between each high-elevation taxon and its low-elevation relative are significantly enriched for genes potentially related to the oxygen transport cascade and/or thermogenesis. Despite no parallelism at particular genes, high similarity in gene function is found among comparisons. Furthermore, parallelism is not higher in more heterozygous widespread parids than in highland endemics. Thus, in East Asian parids, parallel functional response to extreme elevation appears to rely on different genes, with differences in heterozygosity having no effect on the degree of genetic parallelism.},
}
@article {pmid34869905,
year = {2021},
author = {Katzman, JG and Herring, D and Schramm, P and Tomedi, L and Maury, JM and Kalishman, S and Kazhe-Dominguez, B and Liu, J and Martin, C and Arora, S},
title = {Climate Change and Human Health ECHO: Global Telementoring for Health Professionals.},
journal = {Journal of medical education and curricular development},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {23821205211061019},
pmid = {34869905},
issn = {2382-1205},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To increase the knowledge and communication skills of health professionals related to climate change and human health (CCHH).<br><br>METHODS: From February to April 2021, Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) created an 8-week, synchronous and virtual, CCHH ECHO telementoring series for health professionals. Didactics, simulated cases, and climate change tools were used to educate the interprofessional group of participants.<br><br>RESULTS: During this CCHH ECHO pilot series, 625 unique participants represented 45 US states and 25 countries. The participants reported that they increased their knowledge, skills, and communication techniques regarding climate change and health.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The human health effects of climate change is an emerging field, and increasing knowledge and communication skills among health practitioners is of critical importance. The CCHH ECHO is one potential platform that may reach a diverse community of health professionals globally due to the diffusion and demonopolization of knowledge.},
}
@article {pmid34865587,
year = {2021},
author = {van Bergen, L and Birch, M},
title = {Climate change, health and armed conflict: the links that still need making.},
journal = {Medicine, conflict, and survival},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {257-259},
doi = {10.1080/13623699.2021.2007570},
pmid = {34865587},
issn = {1362-3699},
}
@article {pmid34863762,
year = {2021},
author = {Sulukan, E and Baran, A and Şenol, O and Yildirim, S and Mavi, A and Ceyhun, HA and Toraman, E and Ceyhun, SB},
title = {The synergic toxicity of temperature increases and nanopolystrene on zebrafish brain implies that global warming may worsen the current risk based on plastic debris.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {808},
number = {},
pages = {152092},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152092},
pmid = {34863762},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Global warming and plastic pollution are among the most important environmental problems today. Unfortunately, our world is warming more than expected and biological life, especially in the oceans, has come to the limit of the struggle for survival with the nano-scale plastic pollution that is constantly released from the main material. In this study, the synergic effect of one-degree temperature increase (28, 29, 30 °C) and 100 nm size polystyrene plastic nanoparticles on circadian rhythm, brain damage and metabolomics in zebrafish were investigated in an environment where temperature control with 0.05-degree precision is provided. A temperature increase of 1°, together with nanoplastic exposure, affected the circadian rhythm in zebrafish, caused damage to the brain and caused significant changes in the intensity of a total of 18 metabolites in different pathways. It was also detected Raman signals of polystyrene in the brain homogenate. As a consequence, it is suggested that one degree of temperature increase pave the way for degeneration in the brain by disrupting some metabolic pathways, thereby significantly increasing the negative effects of nano-plastic on behavior.},
}
@article {pmid34863369,
year = {2021},
author = {Stein, PJS and Stein, MA},
title = {Climate change and the right to health of people with disabilities.},
journal = {The Lancet. Global health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00542-8},
pmid = {34863369},
issn = {2214-109X},
}
@article {pmid34862513,
year = {2021},
author = {Ebi, KL},
title = {Managing climate change risks is imperative for human health.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Nephrology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34862513},
issn = {1759-507X},
}
@article {pmid34862161,
year = {2021},
author = {Smith, R},
title = {Australia, a laggard in responding to climate change, produces an impressive report on climate change and health.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {n3000},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.n3000},
pmid = {34862161},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid34861621,
year = {2021},
author = {Constantino, SM and Weber, EU},
title = {Decision-making under the deep uncertainty of climate change: The psychological and political agency of narratives.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychology},
volume = {42},
number = {},
pages = {151-159},
doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.001},
pmid = {34861621},
issn = {2352-2518},
abstract = {Fossil fuel-based development has resulted in climate change and biodiversity loss, threatening the ability of the biosphere to sustain civilization. However, despite the transformative change needed to address climate change, the complexity inherent in dynamic, coupled social-ecological systems can create challenges that stifle mitigation and adaptation efforts. For example, increasing urbanization can mask information about the local and distal ecological impacts of unsustainable consumption patterns. Diverse actors, powerful vested interests in the status quo, and differential impacts of climate change create inevitable tradeoffs and conflicts among stakeholders. The multitude of plausible future scenarios and their dependence on actions taken today create challenges for planning, governance, and collective action. While there is a long history in psychology and economics of studying decision-making under uncertainty, we argue that the deep uncertainty inherent in climate change cannot be easily understood using these same paradigms. In this context, narratives-stories about how the world works, what the future will look like, and our own role in this process-can extend cognition, creating shared knowledge across space and time, and shape our beliefs, values and actions in the face of tremendous uncertainty. Narratives thus have political and psychological agency and can reinforce or challenge existing power relations and trajectories. Here, we review some of this literature in the context of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34860301,
year = {2021},
author = {Cantin, G and Ducrot, A and Funatsu, BM},
title = {Mathematical modeling of forest ecosystems by a reaction-diffusion-advection system: impacts of climate change and deforestation.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {83},
number = {6-7},
pages = {66},
doi = {10.1007/s00285-021-01696-x},
pmid = {34860301},
issn = {1432-1416},
abstract = {We present an innovative mathematical model for studying the dynamics of forest ecosystems. Our model is determined by an age-structured reaction-diffusion-advection system in which the roles of the water resource and of the atmospheric activity are considered. The model is abstract but constructed in such a manner that it can be applied to real-world forest areas; thus it allows to establish an infinite number of scenarios for testing the robustness and resilience of forest ecosystems to anthropic actions or to climate change. We establish the well-posedness of the reaction-diffusion-advection model by using the method of characteristics and by reducing the initial system to a reaction-diffusion problem. The existence and stability of stationary homogeneous and stationary heterogeneous solutions are investigated, so as to prove that the model is able to reproduce relevant equilibrium states of the forest ecosystem. We show that the model fits with the principle of almost uniform precipitation over forested areas and of exponential decrease of precipitation over deforested areas. Furthermore, we present a selection of numerical simulations for an abstract forest ecosystem, in order to analyze the stability of the steady states, to investigate the impact of anthropic perturbations such as deforestation and to explore the effects of climate change on the dynamics of the forest ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid34860280,
year = {2021},
author = {Ghosh, A and Sen, A and Dutta, K and Ghosh, P},
title = {Falling "fortresses": Unlocking Governance Entanglements and Shifting Knowledge Paradigms to Counter Climate Change Threats in Biodiversity Conservation.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00267-021-01552-0},
pmid = {34860280},
issn = {1432-1009},
abstract = {Biodiversity conservation is facing unprecedented challenges at the intersection of rapidly changing climates, widespread ecosystem degradation under the influence of global warming and resultant human tragedies over livelihood, habitation, adaptation and coping needs. These challenges are more acute across biodiversity hotspots in the Global South. This study disentangles the complex interplay to propose alternative paradigms of governance and policy thinking necessary for sustainable biodiversity conservation. Climate change impacts are exposing critical deficiencies of 'scientific forest management' pursued for over a century. For example, recurrent disasters and ecological shifts are increasingly obfuscating cognitive and physical boundaries between the reserve forest and human habitations; putting additional stress on livelihoods which in turn escalate pressures on the forest commons and fuel further conflicts between conservation governance and local communities. Instead of assisting in adaptation, the existing conservation governance mechanisms are producing further conflicts between humans and non-humans; livelihoods and conservation; disaster management and development. Conducted in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve -world's largest mangrove forest ecosystem and a climate change hotspot located along the Bay of Bengal across India and Bangladesh -the study finds an urgent need of rethinking and recalibrating biodiversity conservation in the times of climate change. However, institutional and market-based approaches such as promoting ecotourism or mangrove plantations may have little impact in this regard, the study finds. Instead, integrating cultural ecosystem services and co-producing knowledge will be critical to tackle the entanglements of climate change and its impacts on local lives, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.},
}
@article {pmid34859530,
year = {2021},
author = {Preston, JC and Wooliver, R and Driscoll, H and Coughlin, A and Sheth, SN},
title = {Spatial variation in high temperature-regulated gene expression predicts evolution of plasticity with climate change in the scarlet monkeyflower.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/mec.16300},
pmid = {34859530},
issn = {1365-294X},
abstract = {A major way that organisms can adapt to changing environmental conditions is by evolving increased or decreased phenotypic plasticity. In the face of current global warming, more attention is being paid to the role of plasticity in maintaining fitness as abiotic conditions change over time. However, given that temporal data can be challenging to acquire, a major question is whether evolution in plasticity across space can predict adaptive plasticity across time. In growth chambers simulating two thermal regimes, we generated transcriptome data for western North American scarlet monkeyflowers (Mimulus cardinalis) collected from different latitudes and years (2010 and 2017) to test hypotheses about how plasticity in gene expression is responding to increases in temperature, and if this pattern is consistent across time and space. Supporting the genetic compensation hypothesis, individuals whose progenitors were collected from the warmer-origin northern 2017 descendant cohort showed lower thermal plasticity in gene expression than their cooler-origin northern 2010 ancestors. This was largely due to a change in response at the warmer (40ºC) rather than cooler (20ºC) treatment. A similar pattern of reduced plasticity, largely due to a change in response at 40ºC, was also found for the cooler-origin northern versus the warmer-origin southern population from 2017. Our results demonstrate that reduced phenotypic plasticity can evolve with warming and that spatial and temporal changes in plasticity predict one another.},
}
@article {pmid34858443,
year = {2021},
author = {Guan, B and Gao, J and Chen, W and Gong, X and Ge, G},
title = {The Effects of Climate Change on Landscape Connectivity and Genetic Clusters in a Small Subtropical and Warm-Temperate Tree.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {671336},
pmid = {34858443},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Climate change is a great threat to global biodiversity and has resulted in serious ecological consequences. Although the potential effects of climate change on genetic diversity have recently received much research attention, little research has focused on the impacts of climate change on genetic connectivity and the relationship between climate stability and genetic divergence. Here, we combined population connectivity with genetic data to predict the impacts of future climate change on genetic connectivity. Coupled with climatic variables and genetic data, we used POPS software to create spatially explicit simulations and predict the dynamics in genetic clusters in response to climate changes. A generalized additive model was employed to test the correlation between climatic stability and genetic diversification. Our findings indicated that a reduction in species distribution due to severe climate change would lead to a substantial loss of genetic connectivity. More severe future climatic scenarios would likely cause greater loss of variability or more distinct homogenization in genetic variation of species. Relatively low interpolated genetic distances are generally associated with areas of greater losses in climatic suitability from the present to the future. The displacement of climatic genetic clusters will challenge species adaptation to future climate change because of the loss of fundamental evolutionary potential. The persistence capacity of plant species may be weakened in the face of future climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34856039,
year = {2021},
author = {Wu, Q and Miles, DB and Richard, M and Rutschmann, A and Clobert, J},
title = {Intraspecific diversity alters the relationship between climate change and parasitism in a polymorphic ectotherm.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.16018},
pmid = {34856039},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {32001124//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Ohio University International Travel Grants/ ; ANR-10-LABX-41//Laboratoire d'Excellence TULIP/ ; DEB1950636//National Science Foundation/ ; EF1241848//National Science Foundation/ ; ANR MOBIGEN//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //Make Our Planet Great Again/ ; },
abstract = {Climate-modulated parasitism is driven by a range of factors, yet the spatial and temporal variability of this relationship has received scant attention in wild vertebrate hosts. Moreover, most prior studies overlooked the intraspecific differences across host morphotypes, which impedes a full understanding of the climate-parasitism relationship. In the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), females exhibit three colour morphs: yellow (Y-females), orange (O-females) and mixed (mixture of yellow and orange, M-females). Zootoca vivipara is also infested with an ectoparasite (Ophionyssus mites). We therefore used this model system to examine the intraspecific response of hosts to parasitism under climate change. We found infestation probability to differ across colour morphs at both spatial (10 sites) and temporal (20 years) scales: M-females had lower parasite infestations than Y- and O-females at lower temperatures, but became more susceptible to parasites as temperature increased. The advantage of M-females at low temperatures was counterbalanced by their higher mortality rates thereafter, which suggests a morph-dependent trade-off between resistance to parasites and host survival. Furthermore, significant interactions between colour morphs and temperature indicate that the relationship between parasite infestations and climate warming was contingent on host morphotypes. Parasite infestations increased with temperature for most morphs, but displayed morph-specific rates. Finally, infested M-females had higher reductions in survival rates than infested Y- or O-females, which implies a potential loss of intraspecific diversity within populations as parasitism and temperatures rise. Overall, we found parasitism increases with warming temperatures, but this relationship is modulated by host morphotypes and an interaction with temperature. We suggest that epidemiological models incorporate intraspecific diversity within species for better understanding the dynamics of wildlife diseases under climate warming.},
}
@article {pmid34855170,
year = {2021},
author = {Gul, A and Chandio, AA and Siyal, SA and Rehman, A and Xiumin, W},
title = {How climate change is impacting the major yield crops of Pakistan? an exploration from long- and short-run estimation.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34855170},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {This research attempts to evaluate the linkage among climatic change factors such as average temperature and rainfall patterns and non-climatic factors such as the area under major yield crops, fertilizer consumption, and formal credit on major food crop yield from 1985 to 2016 in Pakistan. For the first step, we checked the stationarity of the series by utilizing the unit root tests. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was employed to identify the linkages between variables after verifying the properties over a specific period of time. The consequences of this study confirmed the long-run association between climatic and non-climatic factors to the major food crop yield in Pakistan. Furthermore, the outcomes of the study revealed that temperature has a diverse impact on major food crop yields. Whereas, the area under major food crops, average rainfall, fertilizer consumption, and formal credit have a positive impact on major food crop yield in Pakistan. For the second step, we used the Granger causality test to verify the causal linkage for the variables. The outcomes reveal a significant effect of climatic and non-climatic factors on major food crop yield. The bidirectional causality causal associations are found to be significant among variables including average temperature, fertilizer consumption, and formal credit disbursement. The empirical results further indicated that major food crop yields are more affected by climatic factors such as average temperature as compared to non-climatic factors. Based on the study findings, few recommendations are made to cope with factors of climate change. Invent such agricultural-specific adaptation policies for farmers which possess the ability and resilience to tackle climate change. Research and development in agriculture should focus on major varieties of food crops that can endure high temperatures. The agriculture industry will be able to sustain long-term production and distribution efficiency attributable to these strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34854175,
year = {2021},
author = {Coleman, RA and Chee, YE and Bond, NR and Weeks, A and Griffiths, J and Serena, M and Williams, GA and Walsh, CJ},
title = {Understanding and managing the interactive impacts of growth in urban land use and climate change on freshwater biota: a case study using the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.16015},
pmid = {34854175},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Globally, urban expansion and climate change interact to threaten stream ecosystems and are accelerating the loss of aquatic biodiversity. Waterway managers urgently need tools to understand the potential combined impacts of urbanisation and climate change, and to identify effective mitigating management interventions for protecting freshwater biota. We address this challenge using the semi-aquatic mammal the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) as a focal species. We developed high-resolution environmental spatial data for stream networks and spatially-explicit habitat suitability models to explore the impact of threats, and to identify the combination of management actions most likely to maintain or improve habitat suitability over the next 50 years in greater Melbourne, Australia. We developed and evaluated platypus habitat suitability models (males-and-females and females-only) including validation using an independent environmental DNA (eDNA) dataset. Platypus occurred more commonly in larger, cooler streams with greater catchment-weighted discharge, following periods of greater stream flow. They were positively associated with near-stream forest cover and negatively associated with annual air temperature and urban stormwater runoff. Extensive reductions in suitable platypus habitat are predicted to occur under urbanisation and climate change scenarios, with the greatest threat expected from reduced streamflows. This emphasises the importance of maintaining flow regimes as part of conserving platypus in the region, however, substantial additional benefit is predicted by concurrent riparian revegetation and urban stormwater management efforts (that also have the potential to contribute to the streamflow objectives). Provision of adequate streamflows in a future with increasing water demands and water security requirements will likely require creative integrated water management (IWM) solutions. Our high-resolution stream network and habitat suitability models have allowed predictions of potential range-shifts due to urban expansion and climate change impacts at management-relevant scales and at the whole-of-landscape scale. This has enabled systematic strategic planning, priority action planning and target setting in strategic policy development.},
}
@article {pmid34854170,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, J and Liu, D},
title = {Vegetation green-up date is more sensitive to permafrost degradation than climate change in spring across the northern permafrost region.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.16011},
pmid = {34854170},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {1724786//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Global climate change substantially influences vegetation spring phenology, that is, green-up date (GUD), in the northern permafrost region. Changes in GUD regulate ecosystem carbon uptake, further feeding back to local and regional climate systems. Extant studies mainly focused on the direct effects of climate factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and insolation; however, the responses of GUD to permafrost degradation caused by warming (i.e., indirect effects) remain elusive yet. In this study, we examined the impacts of permafrost degradation on GUD by analyzing the long-term trend of satellite-based GUD in relation to permafrost degradation measured by the start of thaw (SOT) and active layer thickness (ALT). We found significant trends of advancing GUD, SOT, and thickening ALT (p < 0.05), with a spatially averaged slope of -2.1 days decade-1 , -4.1 days decade-1 , and +1.1 cm decade-1 , respectively. Using partial correlation analyses, we found more than half of the regions with significantly negative correlations between spring temperature and GUD became nonsignificant after considering permafrost degradation. GUD exhibits dominant-positive (37.6% vs. 0.6%) and dominant-negative (1.8% vs. 35.1%) responses to SOT and ALT, respectively. Earlier SOT and thicker ALT would enhance soil water availability, thus alleviating water stress for vegetation green-up. Based on sensitivity analyses, permafrost degradation was the dominant factor controlling GUD variations in 41.7% of the regions, whereas only 19.6% of the regions were dominated by other climatic factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and insolation). Our results indicate that GUDs were more sensitive to permafrost degradation than direct climate change in spring among different vegetation types, especially in high latitudes. This study reveals the significant impacts of permafrost degradation on vegetation GUD and highlights the importance of permafrost status in better understanding spring phenological responses to future climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34854165,
year = {2021},
author = {Yan, B and Pascual, J and Bouchard, M and D'Orangeville, L and Périé, C and Girardin, MP},
title = {Multi-model projections of tree species performance in Quebec, Canada under future climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.16014},
pmid = {34854165},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Many modelling approaches have been developed to project climate change impacts on forests. By analyzing "comparable" yet distinct variables (e.g., productivity, growth, dominance, biomass, etc.) through different structures, parameterizations and assumptions, models can yield different outcomes to rather similar initial questions. This variability can lead to some confusion for forest managers when developing strategies to adapt forest management to climate change. In this study, we standardized results from seven different models (Habitat suitability, trGam, StandLEAP, Quebec Landscape Dynamics, PICUS, LANDIS-II and LPJ-LMfire) to provide a simple and comprehensive assessment of the uncertainty and consensus in future performance (decline, status quo, improvement) for six tree species in Quebec under two radiative forcing scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Despite a large diversity of model types, we found a high level of agreement (73.1%) in projected species' performance across species, regions, scenarios and time periods. Low agreements in model outcomes resulted from small dissensions among models. Model agreement was much higher for cold-tolerant species (up to 99.9%), especially in southernmost forest regions and under RCP 8.5, indicating that these species are especially sensitive to increased climate forcing in the southern part of their distribution range. Lower agreement was found for thermophilous species (sugar maple, yellow birch) in boreal regions under RCP 8.5 mostly as a result of the way the different models are handling natural disturbances (e.g. wildfires) and lags in the response of populations (forest inertia or migration capability) to climate change. Agreement was slightly higher under high anthropogenic climate forcing suggesting that important thresholds in species-specific performance might be crossed should radiative forcing reach values as high as those projected under RCP 8.5. We expect that strong agreement among models despite their different assumptions, predictors and structure should inspire the development of forest management strategies better adapted to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34852431,
year = {2022},
author = {de Wergifosse, L and André, F and Goosse, H and Boczon, A and Cecchini, S and Ciceu, A and Collalti, A and Cools, N and D'Andrea, E and De Vos, B and Hamdi, R and Ingerslev, M and Knudsen, MA and Kowalska, A and Leca, S and Matteucci, G and Nord-Larsen, T and Sanders, TG and Schmitz, A and Termonia, P and Vanguelova, E and Van Schaeybroeck, B and Verstraeten, A and Vesterdal, L and Jonard, M},
title = {Simulating tree growth response to climate change in structurally diverse oak and beech forests.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {150422},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150422},
pmid = {34852431},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {This study aimed to simulate oak and beech forest growth under various scenarios of climate change and to evaluate how the forest response depends on site properties and particularly on stand characteristics using the individual process-based model HETEROFOR. First, this model was evaluated on a wide range of site conditions. We used data from 36 long-term forest monitoring plots to initialize, calibrate, and evaluate HETEROFOR. This evaluation showed that HETEROFOR predicts individual tree radial growth and height increment reasonably well under different growing conditions when evaluated on independent sites. In our simulations under constant CO2 concentration ([CO2]cst) for the 2071-2100 period, climate change induced a moderate net primary production (NPP) gain in continental and mountainous zones and no change in the oceanic zone. The NPP changes were negatively affected by air temperature during the vegetation period and by the annual rainfall decrease. To a lower extent, they were influenced by soil extractable water reserve and stand characteristics. These NPP changes were positively affected by longer vegetation periods and negatively by drought for beech and larger autotrophic respiration costs for oak. For both species, the NPP gain was much larger with rising CO2 concentration ([CO2]var) mainly due to the CO2 fertilisation effect. Even if the species composition and structure had a limited influence on the forest response to climate change, they explained a large part of the NPP variability (44% and 34% for [CO2]cst and [CO2]var, respectively) compared to the climate change scenario (5% and 29%) and the inter-annual climate variability (20% and 16%). This gives the forester the possibility to act on the productivity of broadleaved forests and prepare them for possible adverse effects of climate change by reinforcing their resilience.},
}
@article {pmid34849502,
year = {2021},
author = {Tobías, A},
title = {Electricity Price, Heat and Risk of Climate Poverty in Spain's Current Climate Change Scenario.},
journal = {The Lancet regional health. Europe},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {100271},
pmid = {34849502},
issn = {2666-7762},
}
@article {pmid34847437,
year = {2021},
author = {Bollinger, E and Zubrod, JP and Lai, FY and Ahrens, L and Filker, S and Lorke, A and Bundschuh, M},
title = {Antibiotics as a silent driver of climate change? A case study investigating methane production in freshwater sediments.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {228},
number = {},
pages = {113025},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113025},
pmid = {34847437},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2) and is inter alia produced in natural freshwater ecosystems. Given the rise in CH4 emissions from natural sources, researchers are investigating environmental factors and climate change feedbacks to explain this increment. Despite being omnipresent in freshwaters, knowledge on the influence of chemical stressors of anthropogenic origin (e.g., antibiotics) on methanogenesis is lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we incubated freshwater sediment under anaerobic conditions with a mixture of five antibiotics at four levels (from 0 to 5000 µg/L) for 42 days. Weekly measurements of CH4 and CO2 in the headspace, as well as their compound-specific δ13C, showed that the CH4 production rate was increased by up to 94% at 5000 µg/L and up to 29% at field-relevant concentrations (i.e., 50 µg/L). Metabarcoding of the archaeal and eubacterial 16S rRNA gene showed that effects of antibiotics on bacterial community level (i.e., species composition) may partially explain the observed differences in CH4 production rates. Despite the complications of transferring experimental CH4 production rates to realistic field conditions, the study indicated that chemical stressors contribute to the emissions of greenhouse gases by affecting the methanogenesis in freshwaters.},
}
@article {pmid34846762,
year = {2021},
author = {Anderson-Teixeira, KJ and Belair, EP},
title = {Effective forest-based climate change mitigation requires our best science.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.16008},
pmid = {34846762},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {California's Cap-and-Trade Program, established in January 2013, sets a limit on the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions and allows a portion of excess emissions to be offset through purchase of credits for climate benefits accrued elsewhere. Reflecting the critical role of forests in climate regulation, the majority of these offsets are related to Improved Forest Management (IFM) following the U.S. Forest Project Protocol- the first legally enforceable offset program for existing forests. Soberingly, however, Badgley et al. (2021) show that this program has resulted in widespread over-crediting, the issuance of credits in excess of actual climate benefits, to the tune of 30 million t CO2 -eq, or 29.4% of the credits analyzed, valued at ~US$410 million. This stemmed from the use of coarse, regional averages of forest carbon (C) stocks in the calculation of project baselines (Fig. 1). Reliance on regional average C stocks is a core element of several commonly used forest C offsetting methodologies, implying that the type of problem identified by Badgley et al. could be more widespread. This should serve as a call to action for scientists and policymakers to create a robust framework for forest C offset accounting, based on the most current scientific information, that delivers real, verifiable climate benefit, and which is flexible enough to adapt as scientific data improves.},
}
@article {pmid34845254,
year = {2021},
author = {Tiwari, P and Bhattacharya, P and Rawat, GS and Talukdar, G},
title = {Equilibrium in soil respiration across a climosequence indicates its resilience to climate change in a glaciated valley, western Himalaya.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {23038},
pmid = {34845254},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {7/2/2015-CC//United Nations Development Programme/ ; 7/2/2015-CC//United Nations Development Programme/ ; 7/2/2015-CC//United Nations Development Programme/ ; 7/2/2015-CC//United Nations Development Programme/ ; },
abstract = {Soil respiration (SR), a natural phenomenon, emits ten times more CO2 from land than anthropogenic sources. It is predicted that climate warming would increase SR in most ecosystems and give rise to positive feedback. However, there are uncertainties associated with this prediction primarily due to variability in the relationship of SR with its two significant drivers, soil temperature and moisture. Accounting for the variabilities, we use a climosequence in Himalaya with a temperature gradient of ~ 2.1 °C to understand the variations in the response of SR and its temperature sensitivity to climate change. Results indicate an equilibrium in SR ranging from 1.92 to 2.42 µmol m-2 s-1 across an elevation gradient (3300-3900 m) despite its increased sensitivity to temperature (Q10) from 0.47 to 4.97. Additionally, moisture reduction towards lower elevation weakens the temperature-SR relationship. Finally, soil organic carbon shows similarities at all the elevations, indicating a net-zero CO2 flux across the climosequence. The findings suggest that as the climate warms in this region, the temperature sensitivity of SR reduces drastically due to moisture reduction, limiting any change in SR and soil organic carbon to rising temperature. We introduce an equilibrium mechanism in this study which indicates the resilient nature of SR to climate change and will aid in enhancing the accuracy of climate change impact projections.},
}
@article {pmid34844941,
year = {2021},
author = {Roy, M},
title = {Greater action on climate change by physicians needed.},
journal = {CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne},
volume = {193},
number = {47},
pages = {E1818},
doi = {10.1503/cmaj.80289},
pmid = {34844941},
issn = {1488-2329},
}
@article {pmid34844054,
year = {2021},
author = {Padhy, SR and Bhattacharyya, P and Dash, PK and Nayak, SK and Parida, SP and Baig, MJ and Mohapatra, T},
title = {Elucidation of dominant energy metabolic pathways of methane, sulphur and nitrogen in respect to mangrove-degradation for climate change mitigation.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {114151},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114151},
pmid = {34844054},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Mangroves play a key role in ecosystem balancing and climate change mitigation. It acts as a source and sink of methane (CH4), a major greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. Energy metabolic pathways of methane production (methanogenesis) and oxidation (methanotrophy) are directly driven by sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) metabolism and salinity in coastal wetlands. To investigate, how mangrove-degradations, affect the source-sink behaviour of CH4; the pathways of CH4, S and N were studied through whole-genome metagenomic approach. Soil samples were collected from degraded and undisturbed mangrove systems in Sundarban, India. Structural and functional microbial diversities (KEGG pathways) of CH4, S and N metabolism were analysed and correlated with labile carbon pools and physico-chemical properties of soil. Overall, the acetoclastic pathway of methanogenesis was dominant. However, the relative proportion of conversion of CO2 to CH4 was more in degraded mangroves. Methane oxidation was higher in undisturbed mangroves and the serine pathway was dominant. After serine, the ribulose monophosphate pathway of CH4 oxidation was dominant in degraded mangrove, while the xylulose monophosphate pathway was dominant in undisturbed site as it is more tolerant to salinity and higher pH. The assimilatory pathway (AMP) of S-metabolism was dominant in both systems. But in AMP pathway, adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase enzyme reads were higher in degraded mangrove, while NADPH-sulfite reductase abundance was higher in undisturbed mangrove due to higher salinity, and pH. In N-metabolism, the denitrification pathway was predominant in degraded sites, whereas the dissimilatory nitrate reduction pathway was dominant in undisturbed mangroves. The relative ratios of sulphur reducing bacteria (SRB): methanogens were higher in degraded mangrove; however, methanotrophs:methanogens was higher in undisturbed mangrove indicated lower source and greater sink capacity of CH4 in the system. Microbial manipulation in mangrove-rhizosphere for regulating major energy metabolic pathways of methane could open-up a new window of climate change mitigation in coastal wetlands.},
}
@article {pmid34840601,
year = {2021},
author = {Barnett, J and Graham, S and Quinn, T and Adger, WN and Butler, C},
title = {Three ways social identity shapes climate change adaptation.},
journal = {Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site]},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {124029},
pmid = {34840601},
issn = {1748-9326},
abstract = {Adaptation to climate change is inescapably influenced by processes of social identity-how people perceive themselves, others, and their place in the world around them. Yet there is sparse evidence into the specific ways in which identity processes shape adaptation planning and responses. This paper proposes three key ways to understand the relationship between identity formation and adaptation processes: (a) how social identities change in response to perceived climate change risks and threats; (b) how identity change may be an objective of adaptation; and (c) how identity issues can constrain or enable adaptive action. It examines these three areas of focus through a synthesis of evidence on community responses to flooding and subsequent policy responses in Somerset county, UK and the Gippsland East region in Australia, based on indepth longitudinal data collected among those experiencing and enacting adaptation. The results show that adaptation policies are more likely to be effective when they give individuals confidence in the continuity of their in-groups, enhance the self-esteem of these groups, and develop their sense of self-efficacy. These processes of identity formation and evolution are therefore central to individual and collective responses to climate risks.},
}
@article {pmid34840154,
year = {2021},
author = {Jameton, A and Pierce, J},
title = {Can Clinical Ethics Survive Climate Change?.},
journal = {Perspectives in biology and medicine},
volume = {64},
number = {4},
pages = {511-540},
doi = {10.1353/pbm.2021.0039},
pmid = {34840154},
issn = {1529-8795},
mesh = {Bioethical Issues ; *Bioethics ; Climate Change ; Ethics ; *Ethics, Clinical ; Humans ; Morals ; },
abstract = {The Ethics of Environmentally Responsible Health Care (2004) argued that the obligation to protect nature must be a core principle of bioethics and that the environmental harm of health-care practices should be taken seriously. In the two decades since, the accelerating pace of climate change and environmental decline has strengthened the moral case for reducing the environmental costs of health care. Nevertheless, mainstream bioethics has until recently neglected these vital issues. In response, a field of clinical environmental bioethics is emerging that applies concepts and measures of sustainability to such key clinical ethical issues as humanizing technology, setting limits, caring for the dying, respecting patient wishes, and allocating resources justly. Bioethical analysis of these and other issues can support just and humane health-care adaptation to climate change. Health-care adaptation in turn plays an important role in helping communities and nations adapt to the inevitable forward march of climate change. This essay offers two recommendations: (1) establish a climate transition commission for health-care adaptation to climate change with bioethics participation, and (2) strengthen advocacy for health-care reform by uniting it with climate activism.},
}
@article {pmid34839397,
year = {2021},
author = {Akintuyi, AO and Fasona, MJ and Ayeni, AO and Soneye, ASO},
title = {Land use/land cover and climate change interaction in the derived savannah region of Nigeria.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {193},
number = {12},
pages = {848},
pmid = {34839397},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environmental Monitoring ; Forests ; Nigeria ; },
abstract = {The interaction of land use/land cover (LULC) and climate change, to a large extent, involves anthropogenic activities. This study was carried out in the derived savannah of Nigeria, a delicate, transition ecological zone between the rainforest and savanna zones where the interaction of LULC and climate change could be well appreciated. Using the remote sensing and GIS, Land Change Modeler (LCM), and multivariate geostatistics tools, the study evaluated coupled interaction between LULC and climate change and assessed the changes in the land use/land cover patterns for the periods 1972, 1986, 2002, and 2019. It also evaluated the present (1941-2019) and future (2020-2050) variability in rainfall patterns and made an attempt to predict the interaction between LULC and climate change in future climate. The results suggest that the urban (built-up) area, waterbody, woodland, and farmland experienced a rapid increase of about 2,400%, 583%, 277%, and 32%, respectively, while the forest cover lost about 39% between 1972 and 2019. Furthermore, the study predicted 46% and 29% reduction in the forested area between 2002 and 2050 and 2019 and 2050, respectively. The study concludes that rainfall will be the major driver of LULC change within the study area under a future climate.},
}
@article {pmid34838544,
year = {2021},
author = {Yu, Y and Chen, L and Xiao, Y and Chang, CC and Zhi, X and Shen, Z},
title = {New framework for assessing urban stormwater management measures in the context of climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151901},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151901},
pmid = {34838544},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Global climate change has necessitated the update of urban stormwater management measures (SMMs), but this task is extremely difficult due to the deficiency of evaluation caused by discreteness and the limitation of selected storm events, the ignorance of antecedent dry day (ADD) and lack of suitable stochastic storm generation method. In this study, a new framework that considers both stochastic precipitation and ADD is introduced to evaluate urban SMMs more adequately. Gamma distribution fitting, the space discarding method, the production of probability density distribution maps and multiple nonlinear regression were combined with a physical-based model to assess the effectiveness of SMMs under changing climates. Taking low impact development practices (LIDs) as an example of SSMs, the case study showed that the proposed framework provided effectiveness probability density distribution map and regression equations with more evaluation details by increasing the number and type of storm events compared with current monitoring. Moreover, it is demonstrated that ADD should be considered as one important factor in the design of LIDs, especially for controlling urban non-point source pollution. The value of ADD will significantly affect the control effect of LIDs on pollutant loads and event mean concentration in runoff, which varied for different pollutants. Through case study, it shows there is a risk that LIDs would be less effective at controlling runoff and non-point source pollution in future climate scenarios, especially for RCP 8.5 which is more extreme. Therefore, adaptation capacity of climate change should be considered in the design of SMMs. The proposed framework will be a useful tool in the assessment, design and planning of urban SMMs considering climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34838375,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, Y and Pan, S and Yin, J and Feng, H and Wang, M and Chen, T},
title = {Resource potential and global warming potential of fruit and vegetable waste in China based on different treatment strategies.},
journal = {Waste management (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.016},
pmid = {34838375},
issn = {1879-2456},
abstract = {Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) contains rich resources that can be recovered by methods such as incineration, anaerobic digestion to generate heat energy, biogas, and preservation by ensiling. However, a horizontal comparison of the resource potential and environmental impact of different recycling methods employed for FVW has not been conducted. This study quantifies and computes the recycling potential and global warming potential (GWP) of anaerobic digestion, ensiling, and incineration of the FVW generated during primary production in China. First, a gray model was employed to estimate the FVW output in 2030, based on the FVW produced between 2002 and 2017. Next, the resource potential and GWP of anaerobic digestion, incineration, and ensiling were evaluated. Finally, an optimization method was utilized to analyze possible strategies of FVW recycling in 2030. Results indicate that FVW output in China is expected to increase to 170 Mt by 2030, highlighting the need for efficient treatment options. Further, the resource potential and GWP of different waste treatment strategies were notably different. The recycling potential of ensiling was the highest at 1950 MJ/t; while the GWP of anaerobic digestion was the lowest at -31 kg CO2eq. An optimization analysis suggested that the optimal target of 100% would be attained if all FVW is ensiled in 2030. The study provides a basis for informed technical decision-making related to FVW recycling options in the future.},
}
@article {pmid34837311,
year = {2021},
author = {Williams, JJ and Freeman, R and Spooner, F and Newbold, T},
title = {Vertebrate population trends are influenced by interactions between land use, climatic position, habitat loss and climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15978},
pmid = {34837311},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {IE161031//Royal Society/ ; RG160501//Royal Society/ ; UF150526//Royal Society/ ; },
abstract = {Rapid human-driven environmental changes are impacting animal populations around the world. Currently, land-use and climate change are two of the biggest pressures facing biodiversity. However, studies investigating the impacts of these pressures on population trends often do not consider potential interactions between climate and land-use change. Further, a population's climatic position (how close the ambient temperature and precipitation conditions are to the species' climatic tolerance limits) is known to influence responses to climate change but has yet to be investigated with regard to its influence on land-use change responses over time. Consequently, important variations across species' ranges in responses to environmental changes may be being overlooked. Here, we combine data from the Living Planet and BioTIME databases to carry out a global analysis exploring the impacts of land use, habitat loss, climatic position, climate change and the interactions between these variables, on vertebrate population trends. By bringing these datasets together, we analyse over 7,000 populations across 42 countries. We find that land-use change is interacting with climate change and a population's climatic position to influence rates of population change. Moreover, features of a population's local landscape (such as surrounding land cover) play important roles in these interactions. For example, populations in agricultural land uses where maximum temperatures were closer to their hot thermal limit, declined at faster rates when there had also been rapid losses in surrounding semi-natural habitat. The complex interactions between these variables on populations highlight the importance of taking intraspecific variation and interactions between local and global pressures into account. Understanding how drivers of change are interacting and impacting populations, and how this varies spatially, is critical if we are to identify populations at risk, predict species' responses to future environmental changes and produce suitable conservation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34836974,
year = {2021},
author = {Canadell, JG and Meyer, CPM and Cook, GD and Dowdy, A and Briggs, PR and Knauer, J and Pepler, A and Haverd, V},
title = {Multi-decadal increase of forest burned area in Australia is linked to climate change.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {6921},
pmid = {34836974},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {NESP-Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub//Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)/ ; },
abstract = {Fire activity in Australia is strongly affected by high inter-annual climate variability and extremes. Through changes in the climate, anthropogenic climate change has the potential to alter fire dynamics. Here we compile satellite (19 and 32 years) and ground-based (90 years) burned area datasets, climate and weather observations, and simulated fuel loads for Australian forests. Burned area in Australia's forests shows a linear positive annual trend but an exponential increase during autumn and winter. The mean number of years since the last fire has decreased consecutively in each of the past four decades, while the frequency of forest megafire years (>1 Mha burned) has markedly increased since 2000. The increase in forest burned area is consistent with increasingly more dangerous fire weather conditions, increased risk factors associated with pyroconvection, including fire-generated thunderstorms, and increased ignitions from dry lightning, all associated to varying degrees with anthropogenic climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34836960,
year = {2021},
author = {Ao, H and Rohling, EJ and Zhang, R and Roberts, AP and Holbourn, AE and Ladant, JB and Dupont-Nivet, G and Kuhnt, W and Zhang, P and Wu, F and Dekkers, MJ and Liu, Q and Liu, Z and Xu, Y and Poulsen, CJ and Licht, A and Sun, Q and Chiang, JCH and Liu, X and Wu, G and Ma, C and Zhou, W and Jin, Z and Li, X and Li, X and Peng, X and Qiang, X and An, Z},
title = {Global warming-induced Asian hydrological climate transition across the Miocene-Pliocene boundary.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {6935},
pmid = {34836960},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Across the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (MPB; 5.3 million years ago, Ma), late Miocene cooling gave way to the early-to-middle Pliocene Warm Period. This transition, across which atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased to levels similar to present, holds potential for deciphering regional climate responses in Asia-currently home to more than half of the world's population- to global climate change. Here we find that CO2-induced MPB warming both increased summer monsoon moisture transport over East Asia, and enhanced aridification over large parts of Central Asia by increasing evaporation, based on integration of our ~1-2-thousand-year (kyr) resolution summer monsoon records from the Chinese Loess Plateau aeolian red clay with existing terrestrial records, land-sea correlations, and climate model simulations. Our results offer palaeoclimate-based support for 'wet-gets-wetter and dry-gets-drier' projections of future regional hydroclimate responses to sustained anthropogenic forcing. Moreover, our high-resolution monsoon records reveal a dynamic response to eccentricity modulation of solar insolation, with predominant 405-kyr and ~100-kyr periodicities between 8.1 and 3.4 Ma.},
}
@article {pmid34836496,
year = {2021},
author = {Laible, G and Cole, SA and Brophy, B and Wei, J and Leath, S and Jivanji, S and Littlejohn, MD and Wells, DN},
title = {Holstein Friesian dairy cattle edited for diluted coat color as a potential adaptation to climate change.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {856},
pmid = {34836496},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; *Climate Change ; Gene Editing ; *Heat Stress Disorders ; Heat-Shock Response ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High-producing Holstein Friesian dairy cattle have a characteristic black and white coat, often with large proportions of black. Compared to a light coat color, black absorbs more solar radiation which is a contributing factor to heat stress in cattle. To better adapt dairy cattle to rapidly warming climates, we aimed to lighten their coat color by genome editing.<br><br>RESULTS: Using gRNA/Cas9-mediated editing, we introduced a three bp deletion in the pre-melanosomal protein 17 gene (PMEL) proposed as causative variant for the semi-dominant color dilution phenotype observed in Galloway and Highland cattle. Calves generated from cells with homozygous edits revealed a strong color dilution effect. Instead of the characteristic black and white markings of control calves generated from unedited cells, the edited calves displayed a novel grey and white coat pattern.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This, for the first time, verified the causative nature of the PMEL mutation for diluting the black coat color in cattle. Although only one of the calves was healthy at birth and later succumbed to a naval infection, the study showed the feasibility of generating such edited animals with the possibility to dissect the effects of the introgressed edit and other interfering allelic variants that might exist in individual cattle and accurately determine the impact of only the three bp change.},
}
@article {pmid34834742,
year = {2021},
author = {Ayed, S and Mlouhi, S and Bouhaouel, I},
title = {Adoption of Durum Wheat Cultivar 'Salim' with a Technical Package and Its Resilience to Climate Change Impacts in Smallholders: Case of Nebeur/Kef Region, Tunisia.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34834742},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {In recent years, there has been an urgent need for local strategies to ensure food sustainability in Tunisia, recognized as a climate change hotspot region. In this context, adaptation measures, including the adoption of high-yielding durum wheat cultivars with adequate agronomical practices, are an important avenue to improving the productivity of the smallholders that represent 80% of Tunisian farmers. Thus, this study highlights the impact of (i) the adoption of the recently marketed durum wheat cultivar 'Salim' as compared to the common cultivar 'Karim' and the transfer of a technical package to 11 farmers in the Nebeur delegation/Kef-Tunisia (semi-arid region) during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 cropping seasons, and (ii) climate change on the expected mean grain yield and biomass by 2070, using the CropSyst agronomic cultivation model based on multi-year crop simulations run with a daily weather series (2020-2070). The adoption of 'Salim' with the recommended package, compared to 'Karim' with the farmer practices, significantly increased the grain yield (37.84%) and biomass (55.43%). Otherwise, the impact of the 0.8 °C temperature rise on the potential yields and biomass over the next 51 years was positive. Contrary to expectations, the yield increases for the two cultivars were very close, but the yield of 'Salim' (36.02 q ha-1) remains much higher than that of 'Karim' (23.34 q ha-1). On other hand, 'Salim' experienced a higher increase for biomass compared to that of 'Karim'. These results indicate that the adoption of the 'Salim' cultivar with its technical package might be considered as a strategy of adaptation to Nebeur conditions and to future climate change events.},
}
@article {pmid34834741,
year = {2021},
author = {Sampayo-Maldonado, S and Ordoñez-Salanueva, CA and Mattana, E and Way, M and Castillo-Lorenzo, E and Dávila-Aranda, PD and Lira-Saade, R and Téllez-Valdés, O and Rodriguez-Arevalo, NI and Ulian, T and Flores-Ortíz, CM},
title = {Thermal Niche for Seed Germination and Species Distribution Modelling of Swietenia macrophylla King (Mahogany) under Climate Change Scenarios.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34834741},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {N/A//Newton Fund to conserve and sustainably use the native flora of Mexico/ ; N/A//Garfield Weston Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Swietenia macrophylla is an economically important tree species propagated by seeds that lose their viability in a short time, making seed germination a key stage for the species recruitment. The objective of this study was to determine the cardinal temperatures and thermal time for seed germination of S. macrophylla; and its potential distribution under different climate change scenarios. Seeds were placed in germination chambers at constant temperatures from 5 to 45 °C and their thermal responses modelled using a thermal time approach. In addition, the potential biogeographic distribution was projected according to the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4). Germination rate reached its maximum at 37.3 ± 1.3 °C (To); seed germination decreased to near zero at 52.7 ± 2.2 °C (ceiling temperature, Tc) and at 12.8 ± 2.4 °C (base temperature, Tb). The suboptimal thermal time θ150 needed for 50% germination was ca. 190 °Cd, which in the current scenario is accumulated in 20 days. The CCSM4 model estimates an increase of the potential distribution of the species of 12.3 to 18.3% compared to the current scenario. The temperature had an important effect on the physiological processes of the seeds. With the increase in temperature, the thermal needs for germination are completed in less time, so the species will not be affected in its distribution. Although the distribution of the species may not be affected, it is crucial to generate sustainable management strategies to ensure its long-term conservation.},
}
@article {pmid34834700,
year = {2021},
author = {Temirbekova, SK and Kulikov, IM and Afanasyeva, YV and Beloshapkina, OO and Kalashnikova, EA and Kirakosyan, RN and Dokukin, PA and Kucher, DE and Latati, M and Rebouh, NY},
title = {The Evaluation of Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in the Central Non-Black Region of Russia: Study of the Gene Pool Resistance of Wheat from the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) World Collection to Abiotic Stress Factors.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34834700},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {202186-2-000//RUDN University/ ; },
abstract = {The paper presents the results of a 50-year research of the genepool of the winter wheat from the world's largest wheat collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) to investigate its resistance to the abiotic stress factors of the Moscow region and see how closely it matches the attributes of a wheat ideotype as postulated by N.I. Vavilov in 1935. The critical years in studying the wheat's winter resistance were 10 years out of 50: excessive water saturation during the year 2013; soil drought in 1988; and atmospheric drought in 1972 and 2010. During the investigation, the following gene pool features were analyzed: frost characterized by the cultivar Sojuz 50 (Russia), rapid temperature change, thawing, ice, and rotting resistance characterized by the cultivars Zarya 2 (Russia), Sv 75268, (Sweden), Caristerm and Tukan (Germany), PP 114-74 and Liwilla (Poland), Maris Ploughman and Granta (Great Britain), Titan (USA), Zdar (Czech), and Zenta (Switzerland); regeneration capacity in spring after poor wintering expressed by the cultivars Pamyati Fedina (Russia), TAW 3668.71 (Germany) and Rmo (Poland); resistance to excessive soil and air saturation exhibited by the cultivars Moskovskaya 39 (Russia), Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, and Bussard (Germany); solid standing culm that is resistant to lodging characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Kronjuwel, Compal (Germany), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 56 (Russia), and Hvede Sarah (Denmark); resistance to enzyme-mycotic depletion of seeds characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, Bussard (Germany), Sv 75268, Helge, VG 73394, Salut, Sv 75355 (Sweden), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 39, and Ferrugineum 737.76 (Russia); and resistance to soil and atmospheric drought demonstrated by the cultivars Liessau, Heine Stamm, Severin, Neuzucht 14/4, Haynes, Rus 991, Halle 1020 (Germany), Gama (Poland), Sv 71536 (Sweden), and Moskovskaya 39 (Russia). Moreover, the cultivar Mironovskaya 808 (Ukraine) showed resistance to almost all abiotic stress factors studied. The performed study contributes towards the provision of potential sources of resistance to abiotic stress factors prevalent in the Moscow region that can be incorporated in advanced breeding programs.},
}
@article {pmid34832586,
year = {2021},
author = {Gray, JS and Ogden, NH},
title = {Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34832586},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {The effects of current and future global warming on the distribution and activity of the primary ixodid vectors of human babesiosis (caused by Babesia divergens, B. venatorum and B. microti) are discussed. There is clear evidence that the distributions of both Ixodes ricinus, the vector in Europe, and I. scapularis in North America have been impacted by the changing climate, with increasing temperatures resulting in the northwards expansion of tick populations and the occurrence of I. ricinus at higher altitudes. Ixodes persulcatus, which replaces I. ricinus in Eurasia and temperate Asia, is presumed to be the babesiosis vector in China and Japan, but this tick species has not yet been confirmed as the vector of either human or animal babesiosis. There is no definite evidence, as yet, of global warming having an effect on the occurrence of human babesiosis, but models suggest that it is only a matter of time before cases occur further north than they do at present.},
}
@article {pmid34831995,
year = {2021},
author = {Greibe Andersen, J and Karekezi, C and Ali, Z and Yonga, G and Kallestrup, P and Kraef, C},
title = {Perspectives of Local Community Leaders, Health Care Workers, Volunteers, Policy Makers and Academia on Climate Change Related Health Risks in Mukuru Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya-A Qualitative Study.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {34831995},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Sub-Saharan Africa has been identified as one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change. The objective of this study was to explore knowledge and perspectives on climate change and health-related issues, with a particular focus on non-communicable diseases, in the informal settlement (urban slum) of Mukuru in Nairobi, Kenya. Three focus group discussions and five in-depth interviews were conducted with total of 28 participants representing local community leaders, health care workers, volunteers, policy makers and academia. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides and analyzed using grounded theory. Seven main themes emerged: climate change related diseases, nutrition and access to clean water, environmental risk factors, urban planning and public infrastructure, economic risk factors, vulnerable groups, and adaptation strategies. All participants were conscious of a link between climate change and health. This is the first qualitative study on climate change and health in an informal settlement in Africa. The study provides important information on perceived health risks, risk factors and adaptation strategies related to climate change. This can inform policy making, urban planning and health care, and guide future research. One important strategy to adapt to climate change-associated health risks is to provide training of local communities, thus ensuring adaptation strategies and climate change advocacy.},
}
@article {pmid34829201,
year = {2021},
author = {Bizarria, R and Kooij, PW and Rodrigues, A},
title = {Climate Change Influences Basidiome Emergence of Leaf-Cutting Ant Cultivars.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {7},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34829201},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2019/03746-0; 2019/24412-2//Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo/ ; 001; 88887.468939/2019-00; 88887.571230/2020-00//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; 305269/2018-6//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
abstract = {Maintaining symbiosis homeostasis is essential for mutualistic partners. Leaf-cutting ants evolved a long-term symbiotic mutualism with fungal cultivars for nourishment while using vertical asexual transmission across generations. Despite the ants' efforts to suppress fungal sexual reproduction, scattered occurrences of cultivar basidiomes have been reported. Here, we review the literature for basidiome occurrences and associated climate data. We hypothesized that more basidiome events could be expected in scenarios with an increase in temperature and precipitation. Our field observations and climate data analyses indeed suggest that Acromyrmex coronatus colonies are prone to basidiome occurrences in warmer and wetter seasons. Even though our study partly depended on historical records, occurrences have increased, correlating with climate change. A nest architecture with low (or even the lack of) insulation might be the cause of this phenomenon. The nature of basidiome occurrences in the A. coronatus-fungus mutualism can be useful to elucidate how resilient mutualistic symbioses are in light of climate change scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid34829050,
year = {2021},
author = {Dinu, DG and Ricciardi, V and Demarco, C and Zingarofalo, G and De Lorenzis, G and Buccolieri, R and Cola, G and Rustioni, L},
title = {Climate Change Impacts on Plant Phenology: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Bud Break in Wintertime in Southern Italy.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34829050},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {The effects of global warming on plants are not limited to the exacerbation of summer stresses; they could also induce dormancy dysfunctions. In January 2020, a bud break was observed in an old poly-varietal vineyard. Meteorological data elaboration of the 1951-2020 period confirmed the general climatic warming of the area and highlighted the particular high temperatures of the last winter. Phenological records appeared to be significantly correlated to wood hydration and starch reserve consumption, demonstrating a systemic response of the plant to the warm conditions. The eight cultivars, identified by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiles and ampelographic description, grown in this vineyard showed different behaviors. Among them, the neglected Sprino, Baresana, Bianco Palmento, and Uva Gerusalemme, as well as the interspecific hybrid Seyve Villard 12.375, appeared to be the most interesting. Among the adaptation strategies to climate changes, the cultivar selection should be considered a priority, as it reduces the inputs required for the plant management over the entire life cycle of the vineyard. Hot Mediterranean areas, such as Salento, are a battlefront against the climate change impacts, and, thus, they represent a precious source of biodiversity for viticulture.},
}
@article {pmid34828063,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhao, N and Zhang, X and Shan, G and Ye, X},
title = {Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change on Spatial Aggregation of Giant Pandas and Sympatric Species in a Mountainous Landscape.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {11},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34828063},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {32170527; 31672310//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Understanding how climate change alters the spatial aggregation of sympatric species is important for biodiversity conservation. Previous studies usually focused on spatial shifting of species but paid little attention to changes in interspecific competitions under climate change. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of climate change on the spatial aggregation of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and three sympatric competitive species (i.e., black bears (Ursus thibetanus), golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor), and wild boars (Sus scrofa)) in the Qinling Mountains, China. We employed an ensemble species distribution modeling (SDM) approach to map the current spatial distributions of giant pandas and sympatric animals and projected them to future climate scenarios in 2050s and 2070s. We then examined the range overlapping and niche similarities of these species under different climate change scenarios. The results showed that the distribution areas of giant pandas and sympatric species would decrease remarkably under future climate changes. The shifting directions of the overlapping between giant pandas and sympatric species vary under different climate change scenarios. In conclusion, future climate change greatly shapes the spatial overlapping pattern of giant pandas and sympatric species in the Qinling Mountains, while interspecific competition would be intensified under both mild and worst-case climate change scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid34827859,
year = {2021},
author = {Goma, AA and Phillips, CJC},
title = {The Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Egyptian Livestock Production.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {11},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34827859},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Egypt is one of the hottest countries in the world, and extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, which is consistent with the warming of the planet. The impact of this warming on ecosystems is severe, including on livestock production systems. Under Egyptian conditions, livestock already suffer heat stress periods in summer. The predicted increases in temperature as result of climate change will affect livestock production by reducing growth and milk production because of appetite suppression and conception rate reductions and will increase animal welfare concerns. In severe cases, these effects can result in death. We review the heat stress effects on livestock behaviour, reproduction, and production in the context of predicted climate change for Egypt over the course of this century and offer alternative scenarios to achieve food security for a growing human population. As an example, we combine predictions for reduced milk production during heat stress and human population trajectories to predict that milk availability per person will decline from 61 kg/year in 2011 to 26 kg/year in 2064. Mitigation strategies are discussed and include the substitution of animal-based foods for plant-based foods and laboratory-grown animal products.},
}
@article {pmid34827144,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhou, R and Gao, Y and Chang, N and Gao, T and Ma, D and Li, C and Liu, Q},
title = {Projecting the Potential Distribution of Glossinamorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) under Climate Change Using the MaxEnt Model.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34827144},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2020YFC1200101//the Visualized identification of important foreign invasion vectors and pathogens and their invasion risks/ ; },
abstract = {Glossina morsitans is a vector for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), which is mainly distributed in sub-Saharan Africa at present. Our objective was to project the historical and future potentially suitable areas globally and explore the influence of climatic factors. The maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was utilized to evaluate the contribution rates of bio-climatic factors and to project suitable habitats for G. morsitans. We found that Isothermality and Precipitation of Wettest Quarter contributed most to the distribution of G. morsitans. The predicted potentially suitable areas for G. morsitans under historical climate conditions would be 14.5 million km2, including a large area of Africa which is near and below the equator, small equatorial regions of southern Asia, America, and Oceania. Under future climate conditions, the potentially suitable areas are expected to decline by about -5.38 ± 1.00% overall, under all shared socioeconomic pathways, compared with 1970-2000. The potentially suitable habitats of G. morsitans may not be limited to Africa. Necessary surveillance and preventive measures should be taken in high-risk regions.},
}
@article {pmid34826460,
year = {2021},
author = {Rivaes, RP and Feio, MJ and Almeida, SFP and Calapez, AR and Sales, M and Gebler, D and Lozanovska, I and Aguiar, FC},
title = {River ecosystem endangerment from climate change-driven regulated flow regimes.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151857},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151857},
pmid = {34826460},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Major threats of freshwater systems are river damming and habitat degradation, further amplified by climate change, another major driver of biodiversity loss. This study aims to understand the effects of climate change, and its repercussions on hydropower production, on the instream biota of a regulated river. Particularly, it aims to ascertain how mesohabitat availability downstream of hydropower plants changes due to modified flow regimes driven by climate change; how mesohabitat changes will influence the instream biota; and if instream biota changes will be similar within and between biological groups. We used a mesohabitat-level ecohydraulic approach with four biological elements - macrophytes, macroalgae, diatoms and macroinvertebrates - to encompass a holistic ecosystem perspective of the river system. The ecological preferences of the biological groups for specific mesohabitats were established by field survey. The mesohabitat availability in three expected climate change-driven flow regime scenarios was determined by hydrodynamic modeling. The biota abundance/cover was computed for the mesohabitat indicator species of each biological group. Results show that climate-changed flow regimes are characterized by a significant water shortage during summer months already for 2050. Accordingly, the regulated rivers' hydraulics are expected to change towards more homogeneous flow conditions where run habitats should prevail. As a result, the biological elements are expected to face abundance/cover modifications ranging from decreases of 76% up to 67% increase, depending on the biological element and indicator taxa. Diatoms seem to endure the greatest range of modifications while macrophytes the slightest (15% decrease to 38% increase). The greatest modifications would occur on decreasing abundance/cover responses. Such underlies an important risk to fluvial biodiversity in the future, indicting climate change as a significant threat to the fluvial system in regulated rivers.},
}
@article {pmid34826247,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhang, H and Cheng, H and Sinha, A and Spötl, C and Cai, Y and Liu, B and Kathayat, G and Li, H and Tian, Y and Li, Y and Zhao, J and Sha, L and Lu, J and Meng, B and Niu, X and Dong, X and Liang, Z and Zong, B and Ning, Y and Lan, J and Edwards, RL},
title = {Collapse of the Liangzhu and other Neolithic cultures in the lower Yangtze region in response to climate change.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {7},
number = {48},
pages = {eabi9275},
pmid = {34826247},
issn = {2375-2548},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34825128,
year = {2021},
author = {Ramadan, AMH and Ataallah, AG},
title = {Are climate change and mental health correlated?.},
journal = {General psychiatry},
volume = {34},
number = {6},
pages = {e100648},
pmid = {34825128},
issn = {2517-729X},
abstract = {Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of our time and is likely to affect human beings in substantial ways. Recently, researchers started paying more attention to the changes in climate and their subsequent impact on the social, environmental and economic determinants of health, and the role they play in causing or exacerbating mental health problems. The effects of climate change-related events on mental well-being could be classified into direct and indirect effects. The direct effects of climate change mostly occur after acute weather events and include post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance abuse disorder, depression and even suicidal ideation. The indirect effects include economic losses, displacement and forced migration, competition over scarce resources and collective violence. The risk factors for developing those mental health issues include young age, female gender, low socioeconomic status, loss or injury of a loved one, being a member of immigrant groups or indigenous people, pre-existing mental illness and inadequate social support. However, in some individuals, especially those undisturbed by any directly observable effects of climate change, abstract awareness and acknowledgement of the ongoing climate crisis can induce negative emotions that can be intense enough to cause mental health illness. Coping strategies should be provided to the affected communities to protect their mental health from collapse in the face of climate disasters. Awareness of the mental health impacts of climate change should be raised, especially in the high-risk groups. Social and global attention to the climate crisis and its detrimental effects on mental health are crucial. This paper was written with the aim of trying to understand the currently, scientifically proven impact of climate change-related disasters on mental health and understanding the different methods of solving the problem at the corporate level, by trying to decrease greenhouse gas emissions to zero, and at the individual level by learning how to cope with the impacts of those disasters.},
}
@article {pmid34824817,
year = {2021},
author = {Garnier, S and Giordanengo, E and Saatkamp, A and Santonja, M and Reiter, IM and Orts, JP and Gauquelin, T and Meineri, E},
title = {Amplified drought induced by climate change reduces seedling emergence and increases seedling mortality for two Mediterranean perennial herbs.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {22},
pages = {16143-16152},
pmid = {34824817},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Seedling recruitment is a bottleneck for population dynamics and range shift. The vital rates linked to recruitment by seed are impacted by amplified drought induced by climate change. In the Mediterranean region, autumn and winter seedling emergence and mortality may have strong impact on the overall seedling recruitment. However, studies focusing on the temporal dynamic of recruitment during these seasons are rare. This study was performed in a deciduous Mediterranean oak forest located in southern France and quantifies the impact of amplified drought conditions on autumn and winter seedling emergence and seedling mortality rates of two herbaceous plant species with meso-Mediterranean and supra-Mediterranean distribution (respectively, Silene italica and Silene nutans). Seedlings were followed from October 2019 to May 2020 in both undisturbed and disturbed plots where the litter and the aboveground biomass have been removed to create open microsites. Amplified drought conditions reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality for both Silene species but these negative effects were dependent on soil disturbance conditions. Emergence of S. italica decreased only in undisturbed plots (-7%) whereas emergence of S. nutans decreased only in disturbed plots (-10%) under amplified drought conditions. The seedling mortality rate of S. italica was 51% higher under amplified drought conditions in undisturbed plots while that of S. nutans was 38% higher in disturbed plots. Aridification due to lower precipitation in the Mediterranean region will negatively impact the seedling recruitment of these two Silene species. Climate change effects on early vital rates may likely have major negative impacts on the overall population dynamic.},
}
@article {pmid34822677,
year = {2021},
author = {Grunow, B and Franz, GP and Tönißen, K},
title = {In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming.},
journal = {Toxics},
volume = {9},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34822677},
issn = {2305-6304},
abstract = {Rising temperatures can affect fish survival, especially from shallower waters, as temperatures increase faster and more intensively in these areas; thus, species-specific temperature tolerance can be exceeded. Additionally, the amounts of anthropogenic pollutants are higher in coastal waters. Although increasing metabolic activity at higher temperatures could lead to stronger effects of toxins, there are hardly any studies on this topic. Subsequently, the aim was to investigate the response of fish cells upon exposure to industrial solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) in relation to a temperature increase (20 °C and 25 °C). Concerning the 3Rs (the replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments), in vitro tests were used for two threatened, vulnerable fish species: maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) and Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus). Both cell lines exhibited higher proliferation at 25 °C. However, ecotoxicological results indicated significant differences regarding the cell line, toxin, temperature and exposure time. The evolutionarily older fish lineage, Atlantic sturgeon, demonstrated lower mortality rates in the presence of isopropanol and recovered better during long-term ethanol exposure than the maraena whitefish. Atlantic sturgeon cells have higher adaptation potential for these alcohols. In summary, fish species respond very specifically to toxins and changes in temperature, and new ecotoxicological questions arise with increasing water temperatures.},
}
@article {pmid34821786,
year = {2021},
author = {Skendžić, S and Zovko, M and Pajač Živković, I and Lešić, V and Lemić, D},
title = {Effect of Climate Change on Introduced and Native Agricultural Invasive Insect Pests in Europe.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34821786},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {KK.05.1.1.02.0031//European Regional Development Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change and invasive species are major environmental issues facing the world today. They represent the major threats for various types of ecosystems worldwide, mainly managed ecosystems such as agriculture. This study aims to examine the link between climate change and the biological invasion of insect pest species. Increased international trade systems and human mobility have led to increasing introduction rates of invasive insects while climate change could decrease barriers for their establishment and distribution. To mitigate environmental and economic damage it is important to understand the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the process of invasion (transport, introduction, establishment, and dispersal) in terms of climate change. We highlight the major biotic factors affecting the biological invasion process: diet breadth, phenological plasticity, and lifecycle strategies. Finally, we present alien insect pest invasion management that includes prevention, eradication, and assessment of the biological invasion in the form of modelling prediction tools.},
}
@article {pmid34821773,
year = {2021},
author = {Pinto, J and Magni, PA and O'Brien, RC and Dadour, IR},
title = {Domestic Filth Flies in New Haven, Connecticut: A Case Study on the Effects of Urbanization and Climate Change by Comparing Fly Populations after 78 Years.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {34821773},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {Research Training Program Scholarship.//Australian Government/ ; },
abstract = {Changes in common and widespread insect populations such as the domestic filth fly in urban cities are useful and relevant bioindicators for overall changes in the insect biomass. The current study surveyed necrophagous flies by placing a weekly trap from June-September over a two-year period in the city of New Haven, Connecticut, to compare data on fly abundance and diversity with data collected 78 years earlier. Climate and land cover changes were also assessed in combination with the fly population for each period. The survey results suggest the domestic filth fly population is now less diverse with decreased species richness and changes in the relative abundance of species. In both surveys, 95-96% of the population was composed of only three species. The current survey data indicate the numerical dominance of Lucilia sericata has decreased, the abundance of several species, notably Lucilia coeruleiviridis, has increased, and Lucilia illustris is absent. Species that showed a significant interaction with temperature in the 1940s survey have now increased in abundance, with several of the trapped species continuing to show an interaction with temperature and rainfall. Analysis of the land cover and climate data characterizes the trap site as a region exposed to a prolonged period of industrialization and urbanization, with only 7% of the land cover remaining undeveloped and over 50% impervious, coupled with an increase in temperature and rainfall. This study serves as a model for changes in domestic filth fly populations and other insects in similarly highly urbanized established cities.},
}
@article {pmid34820174,
year = {2021},
author = {Iannella, M and De Simone, W and D'Alessandro, P and Biondi, M},
title = {Climate change favours connectivity between virus-bearing pest and rice cultivations in sub-Saharan Africa, depressing local economies.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e12387},
pmid = {34820174},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Aims: Rice is a staple food for many countries, being fundamental for a large part of the worlds' population. In sub-Saharan Africa, its importance is currently high and is likely to become even more relevant, considering that the number of people and the per-capita consumption are both predicted to increase. The flea beetles belonging to the Chaetocnema pulla species group (pulla group), a harmful rice pest, are an important vector of the Rice Yellow Mottle Virus, a disease which leads even to 80-100% yield losses in rice production. We present a continental-scale study aiming at: (1) locating current and future suitable territories for both pulla group and rice; (2) identifying areas where rice cultivations may occur without suffering the presence of pulla group using an Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) approach; (3) estimating current and future connectivity among pulla group populations and areas predicted to host rice cultivations, based on the most recent land-use estimates for future agricultural trends; (4) proposing a new connectivity index called "Pest Aggression Index" (PAI) to measure the agricultural susceptibility to the potential future invasions of pests and disease; (5) quantifying losses in terms of production when rice cultivations co-occur with the pulla group and identifying the SSA countries which, in the future inferred scenarios, will potentially suffer the greatest losses.<br><br>Location: Sub-Saharan Africa.<br><br>Methods: Since the ongoing climate and land-use changes affect species' distributions, we first assess the impact of these changes through a spatially-jackknifed Maxent-based Ecological Niche Modelling in GIS environment, for both the pulla group and rice, in two climatic/socioeconomic future scenarios (SSP_2.45 and 3.70). We then assess the connectivity potential of the pulla group populations towards rice cultivations, for both current and future predictions, through a circuit theory-based approach (Circuitscape implemented in Julia language). We finally measure the rice production and GPD loss per country through the spatial index named "Pest Aggression Index", based on the inferred connectivity magnitude.<br><br>Results: The most considerable losses in rice production are observed for Liberia, Sierra Leone and Madagascar in all future scenarios (2030, 2050, 2070). The future economic cost, calculated as USD lost from rice losses/country's GDP results are high for Central African Republic (-0.6% in SSP_2.45 and -3.0% in SSP_3.70) and Guinea-Bissau (-0.4% in SSP_2.45 and -0.68% in SSP_3.70), with relevant losses also obtained for other countries.<br><br>Main conclusions: Since our results are spatially explicit and focused on each country, we encourage careful land-use planning. Our findings could support best practices to avoid the future settlement of new cultivations in territories where rice would be attacked by pulla group and the virus, bringing economic and biodiversity losses.},
}
@article {pmid34819767,
year = {2021},
author = {Gómez-Cruz, A and Santos-Hernández, NG and Cruz, JA and Ariano-Sánchez, D and Ruiz-Castillejos, C and Espinoza-Medinilla, EE and Fuentes-Vicente, JA},
title = {Effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Helodermaalvarezi (Squamata, Helodermatidae).},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1070},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
pmid = {34819767},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Climate change represents a real threat to biodiversity conservation worldwide. Although the effects on several species of conservation priority are known, comprehensive information about the impact of climate change on reptile populations is lacking. In the present study, we analyze outcomes on the potential distribution of the black beaded lizard (Helodermaalvarezi Bogert &amp; Martin del Campo, 1956) under global warming scenarios. Its potential distribution, at present and in projections for the years 2050 and 2070, under both optimistic and pessimistic climate change forecasts, were computed using current data records and seven bioclimatic variables. General results predict a shift in the future potential distribution of H.alvarezi due to temperature increase. The optimistic scenario (4.5 W/m2) for 2070 suggests an enlargement in the species' distribution as a response to the availability of new areas of suitable habitat. On the contrary, the worst-case scenario (7 W/m2) shows a distribution decrease by 65%. Moreover, the range distribution of H.alvarezi is directly related to the human footprint, which consequently could magnify negative outcomes for this species. Our research elucidates the importance of conservation strategies to prevent the extinction of the black beaded lizard, especially considering that this species is highly threatened by aversive hunting.},
}
@article {pmid34819067,
year = {2021},
author = {Han, SR and Wei, M and Wu, Z and Duan, S and Chen, X and Yang, J and Borg, MA and Lin, J and Wu, C and Xiang, J},
title = {Perceptions of workplace heat exposure and adaption behaviors among Chinese construction workers in the context of climate change.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2160},
pmid = {34819067},
issn = {1471-2458},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Workplace heat exposure can cause a series of heat-related illnesses and injuries. Protecting workers especially those undertake work outdoors from the risk of heat strain is a great challenge for many workplaces in China under the context of climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions and adaptation behaviors of heat exposure among construction workers and to provide evidence for the development of targeted heat adaptation strategies nationally and internationally.<br><br>METHODS: In 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey via WeChat Survey Star in China, using a purposive snowball sampling approach. A total of 326 construction workers submitted completed questionnaires. The perceptions of workplace heat exposure were measured using seven indicators: concerns over high temperature, perception of high temperature injury, attitudes towards both heat-related training and regulations, adjustment of working habits during heat, heat prevention measures in the workplace, and reduction of work efficiency. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the factors significantly associated with workers' heat perceptions and behavioral responses.<br><br>RESULTS: 33.3% of the respondents were moderately or very concerned about heat exposure in the workplace. Less than half of the workers (43.8%) were worried about heat-related injuries. Workers who have either experienced work-related injuries (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.62) or witnessed injuries to others during high temperatures (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.27) were more concerned about heat exposure compared to other workers. Most respondents (63.5%) stated that their work efficiency declined during extremely hot weather. The factors significantly associated with a reduction of work efficiency included undertaking physically demanding jobs (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.54) and witnessing other workers' injuries during high temperatures (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.11-1.43). More than half of the workers were willing to adjust their work habits to adapt to the impact of high temperatures (81.6%). The internet was the most common method to obtain heat prevention information (44.7%), and the most frequently used heat prevention measure was the provision of cool drinking water (64.8%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Chinese construction workers lack heat risk awareness and are not well prepared for the likely increasing heat exposure in the workplace due to global warming. Therefore, there is a need to improve their awareness of heat-related injuries, strengthen high temperature related education and training, and update the current heat prevention policies to ensure compliance and implementation.},
}
@article {pmid34818817,
year = {2022},
author = {Hu, H and He, L and Ma, H and Wang, J and Li, Y and Wang, J and Guo, Y and Ren, C and Bai, H and Zhao, F},
title = {Responses of AM fungal abundance to the drivers of global climate change: A meta-analysis.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {805},
number = {},
pages = {150362},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150362},
pmid = {34818817},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; *Mycorrhizae ; Nitrogen ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), playing critical roles in carbon cycling, are vulnerable to climate change. However, the responses of AM fungal abundance to climate change are unclear. A global-scale meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the response patterns of AM fungal abundance to warming, elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2), and N addition. Both warming and eCO2 significantly stimulated AM fungal abundance by 18.6% (95%CI: 5.9%-32.8%) and 21.4% (15.1%-28.1%) on a global scale, respectively. However, the response ratios (RR) of AM fungal abundance decreased with the degree of warming while increased with the degree of eCO2. Furthermore, in warming experiments, as long as the warming exceeded 4 °C, its effects on AM fungal abundance changed from positive to negative regardless of the experimental durations, methods, periods, and ecosystem types. The effects of N addition on AM fungal abundance are -5.4% (-10.6%-0.2%), and related to the nitrogen fertilizer input rate and ecosystem type. The RR of AM fungal abundance is negative in grasslands and farmlands when the degree of N addition exceeds 33.85 and 67.64 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively; however, N addition decreases AM fungal abundance in forests only when the degree of N addition exceeds 871.31 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The above results provide an insight into predicting ecological functions of AM fungal abundance under global changes.},
}
@article {pmid34818812,
year = {2022},
author = {Han, L and Li, Y and Zou, Y and Gao, X and Gu, Y and Wang, L},
title = {Relationship between lake salinity and the climatic gradient in northeastern China and its implications for studying climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {805},
number = {},
pages = {150403},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150403},
pmid = {34818812},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {China ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; *Lakes ; Salinity ; },
abstract = {The rising temperatures, increased evaporation, and altered precipitation patterns associated with global warming pose threats to aquatic ecosystems, especially the salinization of lake water and changes in the terrestrial carbon budget. We studied a series of samples of catchment soils, surface sediments, and sediment cores from 51 lakes and reservoirs covering an extensive climatic range in northeastern China. Measurements included salinity indices (electrical conductivity and pH) and other physicochemical parameters, including magnetic properties and color (chroma). The results indicate that the occurrence of salt minerals and the salinity of the lake sediments are dominated by the arid climatic conditions of the region. This enabled us to develop climatic transfer functions between salinity, precipitation and evaporation, with potential applications in paleoclimatic research. As carbonates are the dominant salts in most of the studied lakes and reservoirs, past salinity variations are likely reflected by changes in HCO3- and CO32- concentrations, which provides the opportunity to study the response of water-CO2-carbonate interactions to climate change. Our findings emphasize the important role of alkaline lakes in carbon burial and carbon neutralization, in the context of ongoing global warming.},
}
@article {pmid34818811,
year = {2022},
author = {Zubelzu, S and Sánchez-Calvo, R and Cardozo, DS and Ide, FC and Rodríguez-Sinobas, L},
title = {Suitability of Sustainable Agricultural Drainage Systems for adapting agriculture to climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {805},
number = {},
pages = {150319},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150319},
pmid = {34818811},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Agricultural Irrigation ; Agriculture ; *Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural ; Water Supply ; },
abstract = {This paper presents a comprehensive and practical method for Sustainable Agricultural Drainage Systems (SADS) design. It is aimed at studying the suitability of using surface runoff as irrigation source. The method determines the optimum amount of surface runoff to be used for irrigation considering both environmental constraints (aquifers recharge, discharge to natural water courses) and investment and operation costs. The developed method has been applied to the Spanish irrigation district "Villalar de los Comuneros Sector 1" located in Valladolid. The estimation of the optimum SADS provision was calculated for most of the major crops at the irrigation district highlighting that SADS facilities can reduce the amount of external provision of water for irrigation while maintaining the aquifer's recharge and the natural discharge to water courses. The simulations run for climate change forecasting scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP, RCP45, RCP60, RCP85) showed that optimum SADS would reduce irrigation requirements and would increase natural fluxes (both aquifers and natural water courses) therefore improving the general water cycle in rural environments with productive agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid34816776,
year = {2021},
author = {Naik, Y and Brook, A and Perraton, J and Meier, P},
title = {Fiscal and monetary policies: the cutting edge of advocacy and research on population health and climate change.},
journal = {Perspectives in public health},
volume = {141},
number = {6},
pages = {325-327},
pmid = {34816776},
issn = {1757-9147},
}
@article {pmid34816775,
year = {2021},
author = {Issa, R and Baker, C and Spooner, R and Abrams, R and Gopfert, A and Evans, M and Aitchison, G},
title = {Mapping the movement for climate change and health in England: a descriptive review and theory of change analysis.},
journal = {Perspectives in public health},
volume = {141},
number = {6},
pages = {328-337},
pmid = {34816775},
issn = {1757-9147},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; England ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; },
abstract = {AIMS: There are a growing number of organisations working to address the connections between climate change and health. This article introduces the concept of 'theories of change' - the methodology by which organisations or movements hope to bring about social change - and applies it to the current climate change and health movement in England. Through movement mapping, the article describes and offers reflections on the climate change and health ecosystems in England.<br><br>METHODS: Organisations working on climate change and health in England were identified and publicly available information was collated to map movement characteristics, target stakeholders and methodologies deployed, using an inductive, iterative approach.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 98 organisations working on health and climate change (and/or sustainability) were initially identified, of which 70 met the inclusion criteria. Most organisations target two or more stakeholders, with healthcare workers, management structures, and government being most commonly cited. Methodological approaches identified include Formal education programmes; Awareness-raising; Purchasing-procurement power; Advocacy; Financial; Media-messaging; Networking; Knowledge generation; and Policy making, of which education, awareness-raising, and advocacy are most commonly used.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is a tendency for climate change and health organisations in England to focus on individual level and sectoral change over system change. More could be made of the potential for the healthcare professions' voice and messaging for the wider climate movement. Given the rapid boom of climate change and health organisations in recent years, a mind-set shift that recognises different players as part of a cohesive ecosystem with better coordination and collaboration may reduce unnecessary work, and facilitate more cohesive outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid34816030,
year = {2021},
author = {Aidoo, DC and Boateng, SD and Freeman, CK and Anaglo, JN},
title = {The effect of smallholder maize farmers' perceptions of climate change on their adaptation strategies: the case of two agro-ecological zones in Ghana.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {11},
pages = {e08307},
pmid = {34816030},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Maize is one of the most common cereals and a major staple that is cultivated across all agro-ecological zones in Ghana. However, maize productivity is affected by changes in climate, such as increased temperature and variations in rainfall. These changes in climate require farmers to implement practices (adaptation strategies) in order to reduce the magnitude of crop losses. This study examined how the perceptions of maize farmers regarding climate change affect their choice of adaptation strategies. A mixed methods approach was adopted for the study. Data was collected by means of a survey of 386 maize farmers along with focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate probit regression, while qualitative responses were used to explain the findings. Results from the data analysis indicated that maize farmers employed 17 adaptation strategies in adapting to climate change. The most common strategies identified were change of planting days, crop diversification, use of resistant varieties, and monitoring weather forecasts on radio. Furthermore, the factors that influenced the choice of adaptation strategies by maize farmers in both zones were experience in farming, household size, and perceptions about the impact and intensity of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34814834,
year = {2021},
author = {Sharif Nia, H and Gorgulu, O and Naghavi, N and Froelicher, ES and Fomani, FK and Goudarzian, AH and Sharif, SP and Pourkia, R and Haghdoost, AA},
title = {A time-series prediction model of acute myocardial infarction in northern of Iran: the risk of climate change and religious mourning.},
journal = {BMC cardiovascular disorders},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {563},
pmid = {34814834},
issn = {1471-2261},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although various studies have been conducted on the effects of seasonal climate changes or emotional variables on the risk of AMI, many of them have limitations to determine the predictable model. The currents study is conducted to assess the effects of meteorological and emotional variables on the incidence and epidemiological occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Sari (capital of Mazandaran, Iran) during 2011-2018.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, a time series analysis was used to determine the variation of variables over time. All series were seasonally adjusted and Poisson regression analysis was performed. In the analysis of meteorological data and emotional distress due to religious mourning events, the best results were obtained by autoregressive moving average (ARMA) (5,5) model.<br><br>RESULTS: It was determined that average temperature, sunshine, and rain variables had a significant effect on death. A total of 2375 AMI's were enrolled. Average temperate (°C) and sunshine hours a day (h/day) had a statistically significant relationship with the number of AMI's (β = 0.011, P = 0.014). For every extra degree of temperature increase, the risk of AMI rose [OR = 1.011 (95%CI 1.00, 1.02)]. For every extra hour of sunshine, a day a statistically significant increase [OR = 1.02 (95% CI 1.01, 1.04)] in AMI risk occurred (β = 0.025, P = 0.001). Religious mourning events increase the risk of AMI 1.05 times more. The other independent variables have no significant effects on AMI's (P > 0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that sunshine hours and the average temperature had a significant effect on the risk of AMI. Moreover, emotional distress due to religious morning events increases AMI. More specific research on this topic is recommended.},
}
@article {pmid34814747,
year = {2021},
author = {Visser, ME and Lindner, M and Gienapp, P and Long, MC and Jenouvrier, S},
title = {Recent natural variability in global warming weakened phenological mismatch and selection on seasonal timing in great tits (Parus major).},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {288},
number = {1963},
pages = {20211337},
pmid = {34814747},
issn = {1471-2954},
abstract = {Climate change has led to phenological shifts in many species, but with large variation in magnitude among species and trophic levels. The poster child example of the resulting phenological mismatches between the phenology of predators and their prey is the great tit (Parus major), where this mismatch led to directional selection for earlier seasonal breeding. Natural climate variability can obscure the impacts of climate change over certain periods, weakening phenological mismatching and selection. Here, we show that selection on seasonal timing indeed weakened significantly over the past two decades as increases in late spring temperatures have slowed down. Consequently, there has been no further advancement in the date of peak caterpillar food abundance, while great tit phenology has continued to advance, thereby weakening the phenological mismatch. We thus show that the relationships between temperature, phenologies of prey and predator, and selection on predator phenology are robust, also in times of a slowdown of warming. Using projected temperatures from a large ensemble of climate simulations that take natural climate variability into account, we show that prey phenology is again projected to advance faster than great tit phenology in the coming decades, and therefore that long-term global warming will intensify phenological mismatches.},
}
@article {pmid34813802,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, X and Zhang, T and Zhang, Q and Xue, R and Qu, Y and Wang, Q and Dong, Z and Zhao, J},
title = {Different patterns of hypoxia aggravate the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis: Environmental risk assessment of plastics under global climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151818},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151818},
pmid = {34813802},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Hypoxia, largely triggered by anthropogenic activities and global climate change, exerts widespread and expanding stress on marine ecosystems. As an emerging contaminant, the influence of nanoplastics on marine organisms has also attracted attention in recent years. However, the impact of hypoxia on the risk assessments of nanoplastics is rarely considered. This study investigated the toxicity of PS-NPs (0, 0.5, and 5 mg/L) to the coastal mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis under different patterns of hypoxia (normoxia, constant hypoxia, and fluctuating hypoxia). The results showed that constant hypoxia might reduce the accumulation of PS-NPs in mussels by decreasing the standard metabolic rate. The impairment of PS-NPs on mussel immunity was also exacerbated by constant hypoxia. Fluctuating hypoxia did not affect the accumulation of PS-NPs, but aggravated the oxidative damage caused by PS-NPs. These findings emphasize the importance of environmental factors and their temporal variability in plastic risk assessment.},
}
@article {pmid34813669,
year = {2021},
author = {McCabe, LM and Aslan, CE and Cobb, NS},
title = {Decreased bee emergence along an elevation gradient: Implications for climate change revealed by a transplant experiment.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e03598},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.3598},
pmid = {34813669},
issn = {1939-9170},
abstract = {Bees experience differences in thermal tolerance based on their geographical range; however, there are virtually no studies that examine how overwintering temperatures may influence immature survival rates. Here, we conducted a transplant experiment along an elevation gradient to test for climate change effects on immature overwinter survival by using movement along elevational gradient for a community of 26 cavity nesting bee species in the family Megachilidae along the San Francisco Peaks, AZ elevational gradient. In each of three years, we placed nest blocks at three elevations, to be colonized by native Megachilidae. Colonized blocks were then (a) moved to lower (warmer) elevations; (b) moved to higher (cooler) elevations; or (c) left in their natal habitat (no change in temperature). Because Megachilidae occupy high elevations with colder temperatures more than any other family of bees, we predicted that emergence would decrease in nest blocks moved to lower elevations, but that we would find no differences in emergence when nest blocks were moved to higher elevations. We found three major results: 1) Bee species moved to lower (warmer) habitats exhibited a 30% decrease in emergence compared with species moved within their natal habitat. 2) Habitat generalists were more likely, than habitat specialist to emerge when moved up or down in elevation regardless of their natal life zones. 3) At our highest elevation treatment, emergence increased when blocks were moved to higher elevations, indicating that at least some Megachilidae species can survive in colder temperatures. Our results suggest that direct effects of warming temperatures will have negative impacts on the overall survival of Megachilidae. Additionally, above tree-line, low availability of wood-nesting resources is a likely limiting factor on bees moving up in elevation.},
}
@article {pmid34813668,
year = {2021},
author = {Jurgens, LJ and Ashlock, LW and Gaylord, B},
title = {Facilitation alters climate change risk on rocky shores.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e03596},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.3596},
pmid = {34813668},
issn = {1939-9170},
abstract = {A huge fraction of global biodiversity resides within biogenic habitats that ameliorate physical stresses. In most cases, details of how physical conditions within facilitative habitats respond to external climate forcing remain unknown, hampering climate change predictions for many of the world's species. Using intertidal mussel beds as a model system, we characterize relationships among external climate conditions and within-microhabitat heat and desiccation conditions. We use these data, along with physiological tolerances of two common inhabitant taxa (the isopod Cirolana harfordi and the porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes), to examine the magnitude of climate risk inside and outside biogenic habitat, applying an empirically derived model of evaporation to simulate mortality risk under a high-emissions climate-warming scenario. We found that biogenic microhabitat conditions responded so weakly to external climate parameters that mortality risk was largely unaffected by climate warming. In contrast, outside the biogenic habitat, desiccation drove substantial mortality in both species, even at temperatures 4.4 to 8.6 ºC below their hydrated thermal tolerances. These findings emphasize the importance of warming-exacerbated desiccation to climate-change risk and the role of biogenic habitats in buffering this less-appreciated stressor. Our results suggest that, when biogenic habitats remain intact, climate warming may have weak direct effects on organisms within them. Instead, risk to such taxa is likely to be indirect and tightly coupled with the fate of habitat-forming populations. Conserving and restoring biogenic habitats that offer climate refugia could therefore be crucial to supporting biodiversity in the face of climate warming.},
}
@article {pmid34812597,
year = {2021},
author = {Aronsson, J and Nichols, A and Warwick, P and Elf, M},
title = {Awareness and attitudes towards sustainability and climate change amongst students and educators in nursing: A systematic integrative review protocol.},
journal = {Nursing open},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/nop2.1134},
pmid = {34812597},
issn = {2054-1058},
support = {//University of Plymouth/ ; },
abstract = {AIM: This review identifies and synthesizes literature related to the awareness of and attitudes towards sustainability and climate change from the perspective of nursing students and educators.<br><br>DESIGN: A systematic integrative review.<br><br>METHODS: The review will follow the five stages outlined by Whittemore and Knafl: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. The data analysis will be based on inductive content analysis developed by Elo and Kyngäs. Principles of the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) will also inform the review process.<br><br>RESULTS: This review will offer insights about sustainability and climate change in relation to an important target population: the future nursing workforce and those educating its members. Findings might inform curriculum development, potentially contributing to a nursing profession that looks after the health of the planet and the health of the population inhabiting it.},
}
@article {pmid34812485,
year = {2021},
author = {Adams, J and Morano, LD and Tzouanas, V and Hasan, M},
title = {Classical soil gardens versus outdoor hydroponic gardens utilizing energy and water capture technologies to combat climate change.},
journal = {Journal of emergency management (Weston, Mass.)},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {505-511},
doi = {10.5055/jem.0586},
pmid = {34812485},
issn = {1543-5865},
mesh = {Climate Change ; *Gardens ; Humans ; Hydroponics ; *Soil ; Water ; },
abstract = {Many outdoor gardens are designed for plants to grow in soil. Few gardens are designed for plants to be hydroponically grown outside with energy and water capture technologies. The feasibility of a selfsufficient, adaptive hydroponic garden harnessing energy from multiple renewable energy (solar and wind) and rainwater collection techniques while producing food has been considered. This study's primary objective is to conduct a comparative analysis between a traditional soil garden bed and an outdoor hydroponic system, called Pangea. The study findings suggest no significant statistical difference between the plants grown in traditional soil and a Pangea system. Additional objectives of this study include a comparative analysis of water and energy differentials between a standard garden and Pangea. This study's energy findings suggest that the Pangea system produces 0.05 kWh of energy to 0 kWh of energy production in the classic soil over a month timespan. The water production findings indicate that a Pangea system produces 198.01 L of water and a classic soil of 69 L for a timespan of 1 month, concluding a positive water differential of 288.12 L and a negative water differential of 414 L after 6 months. The study findings suggest the combination of sustainable practices can limit the negative effects of weather-related events to create a positive differential for producing food, water, and energy.},
}
@article {pmid34808160,
year = {2021},
author = {Cremona, F and Öglü, B and McCarthy, MJ and Newell, SE and Nõges, P and Nõges, T},
title = {Nitrate as a predictor of cyanobacteria biomass in eutrophic lakes in a climate change context.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151807},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151807},
pmid = {34808160},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {We aimed to predict cyanobacteria biomass and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations in Lake Võrtsjärv, a large, shallow, and eutrophic lake in Estonia. We used a model chain based on the succession of a mechanistic (INCA-N) model and an empirical, generalized linear model. INCA-N model calibration and validation was performed with long term climate and catchment parameters. We constructed twelve scenarios as combinations of climate forcing from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 3 scenarios), land conversion (forest to agriculture, 2 scenarios), and fertilizer use (2 scenarios). Models predicted 46% of the variance of cyanobacteria biomass and 65% of that of NO3- concentrations. The model chain simulated that scenarios comprising both forest conversion to agricultural lands and a greater use of fertilizer per surface area unit would cause increases in lacustrine NO3- (up to twice the historical mean) and cyanobacteria biomass (up to a four-fold increase compared to the historical mean). The changes in NO3- concentrations and cyanobacteria biomass were more pronounced in low and moderate warming scenarios than in high warming scenarios because of increased denitrification rates in a warmer climate. Our findings show the importance of reducing anthropogenic pressures on lake catchments in order to reduce harmful pollutant and microalgae proliferation, and highlight the counterintuitive effects of multiple stressor interactions on lake functioning.},
}
@article {pmid34806075,
year = {2021},
author = {Patrick, R and Garad, R and Snell, T and Enticott, J and Meadows, G},
title = {Australians report climate change as a bigger concern than COVID-19.},
journal = {The journal of climate change and health},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {100032},
pmid = {34806075},
issn = {2667-2782},
abstract = {Australia experienced two public health emergencies in 2020 - the catastrophic bushfires and the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Whilst these were separate events, both have similar drivers arising from human pressures on the natural environment. Here we report on relative personal concerns of Australians in a survey implemented during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The study design was a cross sectional online survey administered between 11 August and 11 November 2020. The setting was an Australia-wide online population involving 5483 individuals aged ≥18 residing in Australia. Recruitment occurred in two stages: unrestricted self-selected community sample through mainstream and social media (N = 4089); and purposeful sampling using an online panel company (N = 1055). The sample was predominantly female (N = 3187); mean age of 52.7 years; and approximately representative of adults in Australia for age, location, state and area disadvantage (IRSD quintiles). Climate change was very much a problem for 66.3% of the sample, while COVID-19 was ranked at the same level by only 25.3%. Three times as many participants reported that climate change was very much a problem than COVID-19, despite responding at a time when Australians were experiencing Stage 2 through 4 lockdowns. Demographic differences relating to relative personal concerns are discussed. Even in the midst of the uncertainty of a public health pandemic, Australians report that climate change is their most significant personal problem. Australia needs to apply an evidence-based public health approach to climate change, like it did for the pandemic, which will address the climate change concerns of Australians.},
}
@article {pmid34805238,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, D and Li, Y and Wang, P and Zhong, H and Wang, P},
title = {Sustainable Agriculture Development in Northwest China Under the Impacts of Global Climate Change.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {706552},
pmid = {34805238},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {Northwest China has one of the most vulnerable agricultural systems in the context of global climate change. We argue that sustainable agriculture development in this region requires a systematic approach toward climate change adaptation, and propose a schematic framework for strategic thinking. We first briefly review the impacts of climate change on various agricultural environmental factors, including light, temperature, water, and atmosphere, and explores the effects of climate change on agricultural practices, such as disaster response, pests and weeds control, fertilizer application, and species selection. The study shows that climate change has increased extreme climate disasters such as drought and heat waves, and has expanded the scope and severity of pests and weeds, which in turn requires a series of changes in farming practices. These effects have profound impacts on farmland management, as well as the sustainability of the agricultural system. Based on the findings, the authors argue that the key adaptation strategies should include: (1) optimizing the geographic distribution of agriculture, (2) cultivating new crop varieties that can better adapt to the changing environment, (3) adjusting cropping timing and structure, (4) developing water-saving irrigation systems, (5) improving capacities of disaster prevention and mitigation at both household and government levels, and (6) strengthening the sciences, technology, and human resources to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34801478,
year = {2021},
author = {Gutiérrez-Jara, JP and Salazar-Viedma, M and González, CR and Cancino-Faure, B},
title = {The emergence of Dirofilaria repens in a non-endemic area influenced by climate change: dynamics of transmission using a mathematical model.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {106230},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106230},
pmid = {34801478},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Dirofilaria repens is a nematode affecting domestic and wild canids, transmitted by several species of mosquitoes of different genera. It usually causes a non-pathogenic subcutaneous infection in dogs and is the principal agent of human dirofilariasis in the Old World. The geographic distribution of D. repens is changing rapidly, and several factors contribute to the spread of the infection to non-endemic areas. A mathematical model for transmission of Dirofilaria spp. was built, using a system of ordinary differential equations that consider the interactions between reservoirs, vectors, and humans. The transmission simulations of D. repens were carried out considering a projection in time, with intervals of 15 and 100 years. For the dynamics of the vector, seasonal variations were presented as series with quarter periodicity during the year. The results of the simulations highlight the peak of contagions in the reservoir and in humans, a product of the action of the vector when it remains active throughout the year. A 300% infection increase in the reservoir was observed during the first decade and remains present in the population with a representative number of cases. When the vector maintains its density and infectivity during the year, the incidence of the infection in humans increases. Accumulated cases amount to 45 per 100,000 inhabitants, which corresponds to a cumulative incidence of 0.05%, in 85 years. This indicates that early prevention of infection in canids would significantly reduce the disease, also reducing the number of accumulated cases of human dirofilariasis by D. repens. The interaction between the simulations generated by the model highlights the sensitivity of the epidemiological curve to the periodicity of seasonality, reaffirming the hypothesis of the probability of movement of the zoonotic disease to non-endemic areas, due to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34800456,
year = {2021},
author = {Lee, D and Shin, J and Song, Y and Chang, H and Cho, H and Park, J and Hong, J},
title = {The development process and significance of the 3rd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2021-2025) of the Republic of Korea.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151728},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151728},
pmid = {34800456},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The Republic of Korea has developed its 3rd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2021-2025) through joint work between government departments in 2020. This follows the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth, which was enacted in 2010. In this paper, we presented the development process, main contents, significance, and limitations of the 3rd Adaptation Plan as a helpful case for the international community to consult in formulating their national adaptation plans. The plan aims to implement a climate-safe nation with the people, and its development process features a scientific evidence basis and participation of various parties. It systematically and organically recommends 232 measures to be implemented by the Korean government and related departments for the next five years to enhance the adaptive capacity to 84 climate risks. Through expert forums, working council on climate change adaptation, adaptation governance forums, online public hearings, and discussion on preparing public-oriented countermeasures, 41 representative public-oriented tasks in eight sectors were selected. The plan consists of measures to resolve national climate risks constructed based on scientific evidence. All adaptation parties participated in the entire process of establishing the adaptation plan and evaluating its implementation. Significantly, the 3rd Adaptation Plan attempts to overcome the limitations of the 2nd adaptation plan by planning for the operation of a citizen evaluation group. However, the plan's limitations have been identified as insufficient willingness to monitor and implement measures, differences in the spectrum of adaptation measures by a government department, and lack of publicity in the English language. The measures to deal with these shortcomings are being sought.},
}
@article {pmid34799528,
year = {2021},
author = {Nicholas, P and Evans, LA and Albert, M and Kelly, D and Michelson, N},
title = {The nurse practitioner's role in addressing chronic sequelae of Lyme disease as a climate change related disease.},
journal = {Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/JXX.0000000000000670},
pmid = {34799528},
issn = {2327-6924},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: A major health consequence of climate change is an increased prevalence of vector-borne diseases due to changes in temperatures and the environments in which vectors can survive and carry out transmissible activity. Because of climate change, emerging health challenges related to the warming of the planet have led to an increase in vector-borne diseases in broadening geographic areas. Individuals affected with Lyme disease may present with a variety of symptoms, which highlights the importance of illness recognition to ensure that a patient can receive timely treatment and effective support. Despite the focus on early detection and treatment of acute Lyme disease, chronic health problems associated with Lyme disease are an emerging problem in the 21st century. This article focuses on the role of nurse practitioners and members of the health professional team in the recognition, clinical care, patient education, and management of increasing rates of chronic Lyme disease.},
}
@article {pmid34798731,
year = {2022},
author = {Lima, ARA and Baltazar-Soares, M and Garrido, S and Riveiro, I and Carrera, P and Piecho-Santos, AM and Peck, MA and Silva, G},
title = {Forecasting shifts in habitat suitability across the distribution range of a temperate small pelagic fish under different scenarios of climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {804},
number = {},
pages = {150167},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150167},
pmid = {34798731},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Forecasting ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Climate change often leads to shifts in the distribution of small pelagic fish, likely by changing the match-mismatch dynamics between these sensitive species within their environmental optima. Using present-day habitat suitability, we projected how different scenarios of climate change (IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) may alter the large scale distribution of European sardine Sardina pilchardus (a model species) by 2050 and 2100. We evaluated the variability of species-specific environmental optima allowing a comparison between present-day and future scenarios. Regardless of the scenario, sea surface temperature and salinity and the interaction between current velocity and distance to the nearest coast were the main descriptors responsible for the main effects on sardine's distribution. Present-day and future potential "hotspots" for sardine were neritic zones (<250 km) with water currents <0.4 m s-1, where SST was between 10 and 22 °C and SSS > 20 (PSU), on average. Most variability in projected shifts among climatic scenarios was in habitats with moderate to low suitability. By the end of this century, habitat suitability was projected to increase in the Canary Islands, Iberian Peninsula, central North Sea, northern Mediterranean, and eastern Black Sea and to decrease in the Atlantic African coast, southwest Mediterranean, English Channel, northern North Sea and Western U.K. A gradual poleward-eastward shift in sardine distribution was also projected among scenarios. This shift was most pronounced in 2100 under RCP 8.5. In that scenario, sardines had a 9.6% range expansion which included waters along the entire coast of Norway up and into the White Sea. As habitat suitability is mediated by the synergic effects of climate variability and change on species fitness, it is critical to apply models with robust underlying species-habitat data that integrate knowledge on the full range of processes shaping species productivity and distribution.},
}
@article {pmid34798716,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhou, H and Ma, A and Zhou, X and Chen, X and Zhang, J and Gen, P and Liu, G and Wang, S and Zhuang, G},
title = {Soil phosphorus accumulation in mountainous alpine grassland contributes to positive climate change feedback via nitrifier and denitrifier community.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {804},
number = {},
pages = {150032},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150032},
pmid = {34798716},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Climate Change ; Denitrification ; Ecosystem ; Feedback ; Grassland ; Nitrous Oxide/analysis ; *Phosphorus ; *Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Mountainous alpine ecosystems are sensitive to global change, where soil nutrient content would potentially vary under current climate change background, and thus possibly influence the activity of nitrifiers and denitrifiers, as well as N2O emissions. However, within mountainous alpine ecosystems, the potential variation of soil nutrients under current global change and the consequence to N2O emission from nitrification and denitrification are still unclarified, hampering a comprehensive understanding of the feedback mechanisms between the nitrogen cycle and climate change. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we selected alpine grasslands at three different elevations and investigated the distribution and environmental drivers of nitrifiers and denitrifiers. The results showed that the lowest elevation site tended to have higher total phosphorus (TP) accumulation within the topsoil. The abundance of functional groups, emission of CO2 and N2O, and the N2O/CO2 ratio showed a decreasing trend along elevation. TP was the greatest influence on denitrifier composition (nosZ/narG and nirS/nirK ratios) and considerably influenced nitrifier composition (AOA/AOB ratio), and was significantly correlated to the N2O/CO2 ratio. In microcosms of soils from the highest elevation site, TP addition decreased the ratios of nosZ/narG, nirS/nirK, and AOA/AOB, and increased N2O/CO2 ratio and N2O emission, thus contributing to positive climate change feedback. This study indicates the potential for change within the nitrifier and denitrifier communities under current climate change, and highlights the role TP plays in governing nitrification and denitrification in mountainous alpine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid34797382,
year = {2021},
author = {West, GH and Kovacs, KF and Nayga, RM},
title = {The Influence of a Climate Change Narrative on the Stated Preferences for Long-term Groundwater Management.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34797382},
issn = {1432-1009},
abstract = {The literature identifies cultural values and beliefs as key drivers of climate change risk perception, but evidence is lacking about how media narratives and cultural values influence preferences for adapting to environmental consequences of climate change, including groundwater shortage. We elicited groundwater preferences using a choice experiment survey involving outcomes of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer. We randomly assigned respondents to an individualistic cultural narrative about climate change to test for framing effects predicted by culturally congruent and incongruent messaging. Results suggest that culturally incongruent messaging (i.e., to non-individualists) emboldens opposition and makes promoted groundwater policies less tractable. This is instructive to policy makers that identifying different stakeholders and avoiding incongruent messages about climate change could improve the effectiveness of collaborative water governance.},
}
@article {pmid34797111,
year = {2021},
author = {Scheerens, C and Madzimbamuto, FD},
title = {Climate change, migration, and health(care) in primary care training.},
journal = {African journal of primary health care &amp; family medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {e1-e2},
pmid = {34797111},
issn = {2071-2936},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Primary Health Care ; },
abstract = {No abstract available.},
}
@article {pmid34794844,
year = {2021},
author = {Thibaudon, M and Besancenot, JP},
title = {[Outdoor aeroallergens and climate change].},
journal = {Revue des maladies respiratoires},
volume = {38},
number = {10},
pages = {1025-1036},
doi = {10.1016/j.rmr.2021.08.007},
pmid = {34794844},
issn = {1776-2588},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Pollen and fungal spore concentrations in outdoor air are partly dependent on atmospheric conditions. Since the climate is changing, there is a growing body of research on the effects of climate change on aeroallergens. The present article provides a rapid review of this literature, highlighting the points of agreement, but also drawing attention to the main mistakes to be avoided.<br><br>STATE OF ART: For pollen, the prevailing view is that rising temperatures lead to an earlier start to the pollen season, a longer season, increased allergenic potential and higher concentrations. However, there are exceptions: what is true for one taxon, in one place and at one time, can almost never be generalised. For fungal spores, it is even more difficult to state universal rules.<br><br>PERSPECTIVES: Four priorities can be set for future research: (1) to look for trends only on sufficiently long series and not to neglect possible trend reversals; (2) to give priority to the local scale and the separate consideration of the various pollen and mycological taxa; (3) not to limit oneself to temperature as an element of explanation, but also to consider the other elements of the climate; (4) not to try to explain any evolution in the abundance or seasonality of aeroallergens by climate change alone.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Many more analytical studies giving precedence to observation over reasoning are still required, without any preconceptions, before it is possible to synthesise the impacts of climate change on pollen and, even more so, on fungal spores.},
}
@article {pmid34794393,
year = {2021},
author = {Byer, NW and Fountain, ED and Reid, BN and Miller, K and Kulzer, PJ and Peery, MZ},
title = {Land use and life history constrain adaptive genetic variation and reduce the capacity for climate change adaptation in turtles.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {837},
pmid = {34794393},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {WIS01865//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; WIS01865//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; WIS01865//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Animals ; Climate Change ; Genomics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Turtles/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rapid anthropogenic climate change will require species to adapt to shifting environmental conditions, with successful adaptation dependent upon current patterns of genetic variation. While landscape genomic approaches allow for exploration of local adaptation in non-model systems, most landscape genomics studies of adaptive capacity are limited to exploratory identification of potentially important functional genes, often without a priori expectations as to the gene functions that may be most important for climate change responses. In this study, we integrated targeted sequencing of genes of known function and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine spatial, environmental, and species-specific patterns of potential local adaptation in two co-occuring turtle species: the Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) and the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina).<br><br>RESULTS: We documented divergent patterns of spatial clustering between neutral and putatively adaptive genetic variation in both species. Environmental associations varied among gene regions and between species, with stronger environmental associations detected for genes involved in stress response and for the more specialized Blanding's turtle. Land cover appeared to be more important than climate in shaping spatial variation in functional genes, indicating that human landscape alterations may affect adaptive capacity important for climate change responses.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence that responses to climate change will be contingent on species-specific adaptive capacity and past history of exposure to human land cover change.},
}
@article {pmid34794101,
year = {2021},
author = {Stollberg, J and Jonas, E},
title = {Existential threat as a challenge for individual and collective engagement: Climate change and the motivation to act.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychology},
volume = {42},
number = {},
pages = {145-150},
doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.10.004},
pmid = {34794101},
issn = {2352-2518},
abstract = {The global climate crisis can be perceived as a threat to existential human needs like control, certainty, and personal existence. These threat appraisals elicit an affective state of individual anxiety - one of the strongest motivators of individual pro-environmental behavior and collective policies and activism. Direct action against a threat is associated with other affective approach-motivated states that help to overcome anxiety: Recent findings show collective emotions of anger, guilt, and 'being moved' increase collective engagement but also show a positive relationship between positive activation and individual behavior. Climate threat furthermore promotes palliative responses, such as ingroup defense, identification with nature, or salient common humanity. Here, collective responses seem to reduce anxiety, and when combined with pro-environmental norms, even promote pro-environmental action.},
}
@article {pmid34792675,
year = {2021},
author = {Barbieri, M and Barberio, MD and Banzato, F and Billi, A and Boschetti, T and Franchini, S and Gori, F and Petitta, M},
title = {Climate change and its effect on groundwater quality.},
journal = {Environmental geochemistry and health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34792675},
issn = {1573-2983},
abstract = {Knowing water quality at larger scales and related ground and surface water interactions impacted by land use and climate is essential to our future protection and restoration investments. Population growth has driven humankind into the Anthropocene where continuous water quality degradation is a global phenomenon as shown by extensive recalcitrant chemical contamination, increased eutrophication, hazardous algal blooms, and faecal contamination connected with microbial hazards antibiotic resistance. In this framework, climate change and related extreme events indeed exacerbate the negative trend in water quality. Notwithstanding the increasing concern in climate change and water security, research linking climate change and groundwater quality remain early. Additional research is required to improve our knowledge of climate and groundwater interactions and integrated groundwater management. Long-term monitoring of groundwater, surface water, vegetation, and land-use patterns must be supported and fortified to quantify baseline properties. Concerning the ways climate change affects water quality, limited literature data are available. This study investigates the link between climate change and groundwater quality aquifers by examining case studies of regional carbonate aquifers located in Central Italy. This study also highlights the need for strategic groundwater management policy and planning to decrease groundwater quality due to aquifer resource shortages and climate change factors. In this scenario, the role of the Society of Environmental Geochemistry is to work together within and across geochemical environments linked with the health of plants, animals, and humans to respond to multiple challenges and opportunities made by global warming.},
}
@article {pmid34792670,
year = {2021},
author = {Sharannya, TM and Venkatesh, K and Mudbhatkal, A and Dineshkumar, M and Mahesha, A},
title = {Effects of land use and climate change on water scarcity in rivers of the Western Ghats of India.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {193},
number = {12},
pages = {820},
pmid = {34792670},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {Grant No. 28/8/2016-R&amp;D/308-336 dtd. February 9, 2018//Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Environmental Monitoring ; Hydrology ; India ; *Rivers ; Water Insecurity ; },
abstract = {This paper assesses the long-term combined effects of land use (LU) and climate change on river hydrology and water scarcity of two rivers of the Western Ghats of India. The historical LU changes were studied for four decades (1988-2016) using the maximum likelihood algorithm and the long-term LU (2016-2075) was estimated using the Dyna-CLUE prediction model. Five General Circulation Models (GCMs) were utilized to assess the effects of climate change (CC) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for hydrological modeling of the two river catchments. To characterize granular effects of LU and CC on regional hydrology, a scenario approach was adopted and three scenarios depicting near-future (2006-2040), mid-future (2041-2070), and far-future (2071-2100) based on climate were established. The present rate of LU change indicated a reduction in forest cover by 20% and an increase in urbanized areas by 9.5% between 1988 and 2016. It was estimated that forest cover in the catchments may be expected to halve compared to the present-day LU (55% in 2016 to 23% in 2075), along with large-scale conversion to agricultural lands (13.5% in 2016 to 49.5% in 2075). As a result of changes to LU and forecasted climate, it was found that rivers in the Western Ghats of India might face scarcity of fresh water in the next two decades until the year 2040. However, because of large-scale LU conversion toward the year 2050, streamflow in rivers might increase as high as 70.94% at certain times of the year. Although an increase in streamflow is perceived favorable, the streamflow changes during summer and winter may be expected to affect the cropping calendar and crop yield. The changes to streamflow were also linked to a 4.2% increase in ecologically sensitive wetlands of the Aghanashini river catchment.},
}
@article {pmid34792249,
year = {2021},
author = {Isaacs, D and Stanley, F},
title = {Do not despair about climate change.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1732-1734},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15692},
pmid = {34792249},
issn = {1440-1754},
}
@article {pmid34792248,
year = {2021},
author = {Isaacs, D and Kiang, K and Skinner, JR},
title = {Time to act on climate change.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1735},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15792},
pmid = {34792248},
issn = {1440-1754},
}
@article {pmid34792247,
year = {2021},
author = {Kiang, K},
title = {Children's voices: Young people thinking about climate change.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1789-1791},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15709},
pmid = {34792247},
issn = {1440-1754},
}
@article {pmid34792246,
year = {2021},
author = {},
title = {Climate change and structural racism.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1835-1836},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15825},
pmid = {34792246},
issn = {1440-1754},
}
@article {pmid34792245,
year = {2021},
author = {Williams, PC and Marais, B and Isaacs, D and Preisz, A},
title = {Ethical considerations regarding the effects of climate change and planetary health on children.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1775-1780},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15704},
pmid = {34792245},
issn = {1440-1754},
abstract = {Climate change represents one of the most significant health challenges and global inequities of our generation. As a 'wicked' problem, climate change imposes an involuntary exposure on vulnerable individuals and societies that is regressive in its nature, with those least responsible for destroying planetary health at greatest risk of suffering the direct and indirect health consequences of unabated warming of the planet. The current and future generations of children are the most vulnerable population to suffer the effects of climate change. By 2030, there will be 131 000 additional child deaths each year if climate mitigation strategies are not enacted, driven by the synergy of an increasing burden of infectious diseases, food insecurity and political instability. Over half a billion of the world's children live in areas vulnerable to extreme weather events, and there is a pressing risk that our current lack of action to mitigate and adapt to climate change will result in today's children, and future generations, being the first to have poorer physical and mental health than previous generations - creating a significant intergenerational ethical dilemma. Child health-care professionals need to advocate for policies to address climate change that consider the complex health, planetary and ethical considerations necessary to solve the most significant risk to our children's health today. Without immediate action, the health of the current and future generations of children is perilous.},
}
@article {pmid34792244,
year = {2021},
author = {Godden, NJ and Farrant, BM and Yallup Farrant, J and Heyink, E and Carot Collins, E and Burgemeister, B and Tabeshfar, M and Barrow, J and West, M and Kieft, J and Rothwell, M and Leviston, Z and Bailey, S and Blaise, M and Cooper, T},
title = {Climate change, activism, and supporting the mental health of children and young people: Perspectives from Western Australia.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1759-1764},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15649},
pmid = {34792244},
issn = {1440-1754},
support = {//Australian Indigenous Leadership Centre/ ; DP210101258//Australian Research Council/ ; 1098844//National Health and Medical Research Council/ ; //Perpetual Ltd./ ; //Plan International Australia/ ; //Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada/ ; },
abstract = {The climate crisis has detrimental impacts on the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people. Psychological effects include feelings of fear, overwhelm, worry, distress, hopelessness and anger; PTSD; depression; anxiety; phobias; panic disorder; sleep disturbances; attachment disorders; learning difficulties; substance abuse; shock and trauma symptoms; adjustment problems; behavioural problems; and, suicidal thinking. First Nations' children and young people are particularly at risk due to loss of place, identity, culture, land and customs informed by kinship relationships with the Earth; while sustainable land use practices and connection to Country and community can enhance climate resilience. In Western Australia (WA), some young people engage in climate activism - including striking from school - to demand government action to address the causes of climate change, including colonisation and capitalism. Climate activism can promote resilience, particularly when children and young people can emotionally engage in the climate crisis; when mental health is systemically supported; when climate communication is transparent and comprehensive; and, when activism is informed by the knowledges and wisdoms of First Nations peoples and grounded on Country. This article is co-authored by WA young people, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal academics, activists and practitioners engaged in youth, mental health and climate justice spaces. We argue for structural change to address the causes of the climate crisis, alongside enhanced evidence and approaches to appropriately support the mental health of children and young people. Furthermore, we support the call of Aboriginal peoples to ensure culturally appropriate, place-based responses based in caring for Country.},
}
@article {pmid34792241,
year = {2021},
author = {Quilty, S and Jupurrurla, NF},
title = {Climate change: A Wumpurrarni-kari and Papulanyi-kari shared problem.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1745-1748},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15740},
pmid = {34792241},
issn = {1440-1754},
}
@article {pmid34792238,
year = {2021},
author = {Williams, PC and Bartlett, AW and Howard-Jones, A and McMullan, B and Khatami, A and Britton, PN and Marais, BJ},
title = {Impact of climate change and biodiversity collapse on the global emergence and spread of infectious diseases.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1811-1818},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15681},
pmid = {34792238},
issn = {1440-1754},
abstract = {The reality of climate change and biodiversity collapse is irrefutable in the 21st century, with urgent action required not only to conserve threatened species but also to protect human life and wellbeing. This existential threat forces us to recognise that our existence is completely dependent upon well-functioning ecosystems that sustain the diversity of life on our planet, including that required for human health. By synthesising data on the ecology, epidemiology and evolutionary biology of various pathogens, we are gaining a better understanding of factors that underlie disease emergence and spread. However, our knowledge remains rudimentary with limited insight into the complex feedback loops that underlie ecological stability, which are at risk of rapidly unravelling once certain tipping points are breached. In this paper, we consider the impact of climate change and biodiversity collapse on the ever-present risk of infectious disease emergence and spread. We review historical and contemporaneous infectious diseases that have been influenced by human environmental manipulation, including zoonoses and vector- and water-borne diseases, alongside an evaluation of the impact of migration, urbanisation and human density on transmissible diseases. The current lack of urgency in political commitment to address climate change warrants enhanced understanding and action from paediatricians - to ensure that we safeguard the health and wellbeing of children in our care today, as well as those of future generations.},
}
@article {pmid34792236,
year = {2021},
author = {Skinner, JR},
title = {Doctors and climate change: First do no harm.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1754-1758},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15658},
pmid = {34792236},
issn = {1440-1754},
abstract = {Imagine a herd of cows in a fenced, lush green meadow shared with birds, bees and other small animals. Now imagine that everything the cows eat or drink comes in a plastic container. Humanity is on an appalling trajectory. Most of us are now aware that a crisis is upon us. If you are like me, you are struggling to consider what you should do about it. Those who read this journal are for the most part child health professionals; it is our job to look after children. This job must surely include caring for their future. Yet we, like most of the rest of human society, are actively supporting behaviours which will deprive children of their future, and potentially the future of much of the animal kingdom along with them.},
}
@article {pmid34792235,
year = {2021},
author = {Romanello, M and McGushin, A and MacGuire, FAS and Sly, PD and Jennings, B and Requejo, J and Costello, A},
title = {Monitoring climate change and child health: The case for putting children in all policies.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1736-1740},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15757},
pmid = {34792235},
issn = {1440-1754},
abstract = {Climate change is threatening the health of current and future generations of children. The most recent evidence from the Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change finds declining trends in yield potential of major crops, rising heatwave exposures, and increasing climate suitability for the transmission of infectious diseases, putting at risk the health and wellbeing of children around the world. However, if children are considered at the core of planning and implementation, the policy responses to climate change could yield enormous benefits for the health and wellbeing of children throughout their lives. Child health professionals have a role to play in ensuring this, with the beneficiaries of their involvement ranging from the individual child to the global community. The newly established Children in All Policies 2030 initiative will work with the Lancet Countdown to provide the evidence on the climate change responses necessary to protect and promote the health of children.},
}
@article {pmid34792234,
year = {2021},
author = {},
title = {Climate change and child health: An expanded conceptual framework.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1835},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15735},
pmid = {34792234},
issn = {1440-1754},
}
@article {pmid34792230,
year = {2021},
author = {Green, D},
title = {Climate change and child health: A parent's perspective.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1765-1766},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15655},
pmid = {34792230},
issn = {1440-1754},
}
@article {pmid34792115,
year = {2021},
author = {Hullé, M and Till, M and Plantegenest, M},
title = {Global Warming Could Magnify Insect-Driven Apparent Competition Between Native and Introduced Host Plants in Sub-Antarctic Islands.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvab122},
pmid = {34792115},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//French Polar Institute/ ; //French National Center for Scientific Research/ ; },
abstract = {Pristine sub-Antarctic islands terrestrial ecosystems, including many endemic species, are highly threatened by human-induced cosmopolitan plant invasion. We propose that native plant suppression could be further facilitated by the subsequent invasion by generalist pest species that could exacerbate their competitive exclusion through the process of apparent competition. By comparing the biological parameters of an invasive aphid species, Myzus ascalonicus, on one native (Acaena magellanica) and one invasive (Senecio vulgaris) plant species, we showed that survival and fecundity were higher and development time lower on the native plant species than on the invasive one. Moreover, comparing the effect of a temperature increase on the population dynamics of M. ascalonicus on the two plants, we showed that the relative profitability of the native species is further amplified by warming. Hence, while pest population doubling time is 28% higher on the invasive plant under current temperature, it would become 40% higher with an increase in temperature of 3°C. Consequently, our findings demonstrate that global warming could exacerbate competitive exclusion of native plants by invasive plants in sub-Antarctic islands by its indirect effect on the apparent competition mediated by generalist phytophagous pests.},
}
@article {pmid34791538,
year = {2021},
author = {Yanda, PZ and Mabhuye, EB and Mwajombe, A},
title = {Linking Coastal and Marine Resources Endowments and Climate Change Resilience of Tanzania Coastal Communities.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34791538},
issn = {1432-1009},
abstract = {This paper presents findings on the links between coastal/marine resources endowment and climate change resilience to coastal communities in Mchungu and Kivinja' A' village on the coastal zone of Rufiji District in Tanzania. The study focused on exploring the existing coastal resources and their support to communities' livelihood, climatic threats that are experienced, and the role of coastal resources in enhancing communities' resilience. It further sought to establish other enabling factors for climate change adaptation (e.g., gender, education, governance, by-laws, and membership in social networks). The study used focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and household surveys in data collection. Findings show that Mchungu village is endowed with fish, mangrove, natural canal, and floodplains as their major coastal resources, while Kivinja' A' is rich in salt and coconut production. Communities in both villages exploit these coastal resources for their livelihood activities such as fishing, agriculture, and business. The study further found that coastal communities are already experiencing the effects of climate change through temperature rise, flooding, drought, sea-level rise, and storm surges. These affect household food security in terms of fish catch and crop production. The study revealed that coastal and marine resources were important for increasing community resilience (P ≤ 0.05) to climate change impacts in the studied villages. However, household resilience to climate change impacts was also influenced by gender, by-laws, education, and membership in social networks.},
}
@article {pmid34790155,
year = {2021},
author = {Yang, X and Tseng, Y and Lee, B},
title = {Merging the Social Influence Theory and the Goal-Framing Theory to Understand Consumers' Green Purchasing Behavior: Does the Level of Sensitivity to Climate Change Really Matter?.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {766754},
pmid = {34790155},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {This study explored the formation of consumers' green purchasing behavior (GPB) and investigated the moderating effect of sensitivity to climate change (SCC) to address this current knowledge gap. An integrated model merging the Social Influence Theory and the Goal-framing Theory was developed with the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm. An empirical study was conducted, surveying 583 respondents and analyzing the questionnaire results using structural equation modeling. The results show that media, family, and peer influence (PEI) can effectively activate the consumers' goal frames. Hedonic and normative goals had significant positive influences on GPB, while gain goals had no significant effect. SCC was found to significantly moderate social influence on GPB through the consumers' goal frames. This research provided strong empirical support on understanding the relationship between social influence and GPB through three goal frames. In addition, the potential differences of the GPB formation process in two subgroups (high SCC and low SCC) are also investigated. The results of this study can help green practitioners develop more effective marketing strategies and incentives targeted to consumers with varying levels of environmental consciousness or sensitivity.},
}
@article {pmid34789900,
year = {2021},
author = {Li, J and Thompson, DWJ},
title = {Widespread changes in surface temperature persistence under climate change.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {599},
number = {7885},
pages = {425-430},
pmid = {34789900},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Climate change has been and will be accompanied by widespread changes in surface temperature. It is clear that these changes include global-wide increases in mean surface temperature and changes in temperature variance that are more regionally-dependent1-3. It is less clear whether they also include changes in the persistence of surface temperature. This is important as the effects of weather events on ecosystems and society depend critically on the length of the event. Here we provide an extensive survey of the response of surface temperature persistence to climate change over the twenty-first century from the output of 150 simulations run on four different Earth system models, and from simulations run on simplified models with varying representations of radiative processes and large-scale dynamics. Together, the results indicate that climate change simulations are marked by widespread changes in surface temperature persistence that are generally most robust over ocean areas and arise due to a seemingly broad range of physical processes. The findings point to both the robustness of widespread changes in persistence under climate change, and the critical need to better understand, simulate and constrain such changes.},
}
@article {pmid34787703,
year = {2021},
author = {Niella, Y and Butcher, P and Holmes, B and Barnett, A and Harcourt, R},
title = {Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34787703},
issn = {1432-1939},
abstract = {Globally, marine animal distributions are shifting in response to a changing climate. These shifts are usually considered at the species level, but individuals are likely to differ in how they respond to the changing conditions. Here, we investigate how movement behaviour and, therefore, redistribution, would differ by sex and maturation class in a wide-ranging marine predator. We tracked 115 tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from 2002 to 2020 and forecast class-specific distributions through to 2030, including environmental factors and predicted occurrence of potential prey. Generalised Linear and Additive Models revealed that water temperature change, particularly at higher latitudes, was the factor most associated with shark movements. Females dispersed southwards during periods of warming temperatures, and while juvenile females preferred a narrow thermal range between 22 and 23 °C, adult female and juvenile male presence was correlated with either lower (< 22 °C) or higher (> 23 °C) temperatures. During La Niña, sharks moved towards higher latitudes and used shallower isobaths. Inclusion of predicted distribution of their putative prey significantly improved projections of suitable habitats for all shark classes, compared to simpler models using temperature alone. Tiger shark range off the east coast of Australia is predicted to extend ~ 3.5° south towards the east coast of Tasmania, particularly for juvenile males. Our framework highlights the importance of combining long-term movement data with multi-factor habitat projections to identify heterogeneity within species when predicting consequences of climate change. Recognising intraspecific variability will improve conservation and management strategies and help anticipate broader ecosystem consequences of species redistribution due to ocean warming.},
}
@article {pmid34787308,
year = {2021},
author = {Mieczkowska, K and Stringer, T and Barbieri, JS and Williams, M and Rosenbach, M},
title = {Surveying the Attitudes of Dermatologists Regarding Climate Change.},
journal = {The British journal of dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/bjd.20900},
pmid = {34787308},
issn = {1365-2133},
abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change affects our environment through higher temperatures, poorer air quality, polluted waters, and increased extreme weather events. These changes in our environment negatively influence the health of the population.1 The integument is not spared by climate change. Higher temperatures, decreased ozone protection, increased airborne pollutants, and decreased ultraviolet (UV) protection can cause flares of atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, lupus, and other inflammatory diseases, and increase rates of skin cancer.2.},
}
@article {pmid34787222,
year = {2021},
author = {Santos, L and Oliveira, JE and Maduro-Abreu, A and Litre, G and Sátiro, GS and Soares, DC},
title = {[Climate change, changes in productivity and health: complex interactions in the national literature].},
journal = {Ciencia &amp; saude coletiva},
volume = {26},
number = {suppl 3},
pages = {5315-5328},
doi = {10.1590/1413-812320212611.3.14622019},
pmid = {34787222},
issn = {1678-4561},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; },
abstract = {This article reviews the scientific output published in national journals on the interactions that are established between the concepts of climate change, productive changes (including changes in land use) and human health in the last ten years (from 2008 to 2017), highlighting the theoretical-methodological trends of this output. To achieve this, a review of the literature was made from publications made available in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the CAPES Journals Portal. The results obtained demonstrate the advances made in the last ten years by the interdisciplinary teams that dealt with the subject over the period analyzed. At the same time, this article identifies the research gaps that can be exploited in future research. In addition, a positive sophistication and refinement of analytical tools and instruments have been identified that are able to gather consistent information about a broad and complex reality characterized by the diversity of biomes, climatic scenarios and productive systems.},
}
@article {pmid34787038,
year = {2021},
author = {Evans, MS and Munslow, B},
title = {Climate change, health, and conflict in Africa's arc of instability.},
journal = {Perspectives in public health},
volume = {141},
number = {6},
pages = {338-341},
pmid = {34787038},
issn = {1757-9147},
}
@article {pmid34786827,
year = {2021},
author = {Tscholl, T and Nachman, G and Spangl, B and Walzer, A},
title = {Heat waves affect prey and predators differently via developmental plasticity: who may benefit most from global warming?.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.6722},
pmid = {34786827},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {P32474//Austrian Science Fund/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate warming is considered to affect the characteristics of heat waves by increasing their duration, frequency and intensity, which can have dramatic consequences for ectothermic arthropods. However, arthropods may respond to heat waves via plastic modifications, which could differently affect a predator and its prey. We examined this assumption using prominent counterparts in biological control, the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis and its prey, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Individuals of both species were separately exposed to mild and extreme heat waves during their juvenile development.<br><br>RESULTS: Both species developed faster during extreme heat waves, but the proportional increase of the developmental rates was higher in the prey. Independent of sex, P. persimilis reached smaller size at maturity under extreme heat waves, whereas the body size modifications were sex-dependent in T. urticae: males became smaller, but females were able to maintain their size.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: An accelerated development may result in the reduction of the exposure time of susceptible juvenile stages to heat waves and prey stages to predators. Plastic size adjustments caused a shift in the female predator-prey body size ratio in favor of the prey, which may lead to higher heat resistance and reduced predation risk for prey females under extreme heat waves. In conclusion, our findings indicate that species-specific shifts in age and size at maturity may result in lower suppression efficacy of the predator P. persimilis against its prey T. urticae with severe consequences for biological control of spider mites, if global warming continues.},
}
@article {pmid34786759,
year = {2022},
author = {Morgan, T and Ryan, B},
title = {How does the optometry profession move up a gear to tackle the problem of climate change?.},
journal = {Ophthalmic &amp; physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {4-7},
doi = {10.1111/opo.12920},
pmid = {34786759},
issn = {1475-1313},
}
@article {pmid34786573,
year = {2022},
author = {Healy, JP and Jensen, A and Power, MB and McKibben, B and Cohen, G and Basu, G},
title = {COVID-19 and climate change: Crises of structural racism.},
journal = {The journal of climate change and health},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {100092},
pmid = {34786573},
issn = {2667-2782},
}
@article {pmid34785749,
year = {2021},
author = {da Costa, JC and de Souza, SS and Castro, JDS and Amanajás, RD and Val, AL},
title = {Climate change affects the parasitism rate and impairs the regulation of genes related to oxidative stress and ionoregulation of Colossoma macropomum.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {22350},
pmid = {34785749},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Global climate change represents a critical threat to the environment since it influences organismic interactions, such as the host-parasite systems, mainly in ectotherms including fishes. Rising temperature and CO2 are predicted to affect this interaction other and critical physiological processes in fish. Herein, we investigated the effects of different periods of exposure to climate change scenarios and to two degrees of parasitism by monogeneans in the host-parasite interaction, as well as the antioxidant and ionoregulatory responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), an important species in South American fishing and aquaculture. We hypothesized that temperature and CO2 changes in combination with parasite infection would interfere with the host's physiological processes that are related to oxidative stress and ionoregulation. We experimentally exposed C. macropomum to low and high levels of parasitism in the current and extreme climate scenarios (4.5 °C and 900 ppm CO2 above current levels) for periods of seven and thirty days and we use as analyzed factors; the exposure time, the climate scenario and parasitism level in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial through a three-way ANOVA as being fish the experimental unit (n = 8). An analysis of gill enzymatic and gene expression profile was performed to assess physiological (SOD, GPx and Na+/K+-ATPase enzymes) and molecular (Nrf2, SOD1, HIF-1α and NKA α1a genes) responses. A clear difference in the parasitism levels of individuals exposed to the extreme climate scenario was observed with a rapid and aggressive increase that was higher after 7 days of exposure though showed a decrease after 30 days. The combination of exposure to the extreme climate change scenario and parasitism caused oxidative stress and osmoregulatory disturbance, which was observed through the analysis of gene expression (Nrf2, SOD1, HIF-1α and NKA α1a) and antioxidant and ionoregulatory enzymes (SOD, GPx and Na+/K+-ATPase) on the host, possibly linked to inflammatory processes caused by the high degree of parasitism. In the coming years, these conditions may result in losses of performance for this species, and as such will represent ecological damage and economical losses, and result in a possible vulnerability in relation to food security.},
}
@article {pmid34785707,
year = {2021},
author = {Coan, TG and Boussalis, C and Cook, J and Nanko, MO},
title = {Computer-assisted classification of contrarian claims about climate change.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {22320},
pmid = {34785707},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {ES/N012283/1//Economic and Social Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {A growing body of scholarship investigates the role of misinformation in shaping the debate on climate change. Our research builds on and extends this literature by (1) developing and validating a comprehensive taxonomy of climate contrarianism, (2) conducting the largest content analysis to date on contrarian claims, (3) developing a computational model to accurately classify specific claims, and (4) drawing on an extensive corpus from conservative think-tank (CTTs) websites and contrarian blogs to construct a detailed history of claims over the past 20 years. Our study finds that the claims utilized by CTTs and contrarian blogs have focused on attacking the integrity of climate science and scientists and, increasingly, has challenged climate policy and renewable energy. We further demonstrate the utility of our approach by exploring the influence of corporate and foundation funding on the production and dissemination of specific contrarian claims.},
}
@article {pmid34784582,
year = {2021},
author = {Kane, T},
title = {Holding World Leaders Accountable for Climate Change-and Public Health-Commitments Through Individual Active Transportation Efforts.},
journal = {Journal of physical activity &amp; health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1},
doi = {10.1123/jpah.2021-0634},
pmid = {34784582},
issn = {1543-5474},
}
@article {pmid34783833,
year = {2021},
author = {Kuehn, BM},
title = {WHO, Global Health Workers Demand Urgent Action on Climate Change.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {326},
number = {19},
pages = {1898},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2021.20063},
pmid = {34783833},
issn = {1538-3598},
}
@article {pmid34783491,
year = {2021},
author = {Wellbery, CE and Lewandowski, A and Holder, C},
title = {Climate Change and the Local Environment: Communicating with Your Patients about Health Impacts.},
journal = {American family physician},
volume = {104},
number = {5},
pages = {526-530},
pmid = {34783491},
issn = {1532-0650},
mesh = {Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/prevention &amp; control ; *Child Health/standards/trends ; *Climate Change ; *Environmental Exposure/adverse effects/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; *Physician's Role ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Public Health/*methods ; *Quality of Life ; Social Determinants of Health ; Social Responsibility ; Socioeconomic Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid34783410,
year = {2021},
author = {Sirois-Delisle, C and Kerr, JT},
title = {Climate change aggravates non-target effects of pesticides on dragonflies at macroecological scales.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e02494},
doi = {10.1002/eap.2494},
pmid = {34783410},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
abstract = {Critical gaps in understanding how species respond to environmental change limit our capacity to address conservation risks in a timely way. Here, we examine the direct and interactive effects of key global change drivers, including climate change, land use change, and pesticide use, on persistence of 104 odonate species between two time periods (1980-2002 and 2008-2018) within 100 × 100 km quadrats across the USA using phylogenetic mixed models. Non-target effects of pesticides interacted with higher maximum temperatures to contribute to odonate declines. Closely related species responded similarly to global change drivers, indicating a potential role of inherited traits in species' persistence or decline. Species shifting their range to higher latitudes were more robust to negative impacts of global change drivers generally. Inherited traits related to dispersal abilities and establishment in new places may govern both species' acclimation to global change and their abilities to expand their range limits, respectively. This work is among the first to assess effects of climate change, land use change, and land use intensification together on Odonata, a significant step that improves understanding of multispecies effects of global change on invertebrates, and further identifies conditions contributing to global insect loss.},
}
@article {pmid34782751,
year = {2021},
author = {Novitzky, A},
title = {Friction: from fingerprints to climate change.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {599},
number = {7885},
pages = {367},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-03436-z},
pmid = {34782751},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34780014,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, L and Zhang, Y and Huang, Y and Zhang, J and Mou, Q and Qiu, J and Wang, R and Li, Y and Zhang, D},
title = {Simulation of potential suitable distribution of original species of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus in China under climate change scenarios.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11356-021-17338-0},
pmid = {34780014},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {#2019QZKK0402//tibetan plateau scientific expedition and research program (step)/ ; Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province-2018-Key-05-06//technological development of meteorological administration/heavy rain and drought-flood disasters in plateau and basin key laboratory of sichuan province/ ; S202010639044//innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students in sichuan province in 2020/ ; 31660081//national natural science foundation of china/ ; 32060091//national natural science foundation of china/ ; },
abstract = {Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (FCB) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, mainly used for relieving cough and resolving phlegm. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020), the medicine comes from dried bulbs of five species and one variety in Fritillaria. Due to climate change and human disturbance, the wild resources have become critically endangered in recent years. Following three climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) under 2050s and 2070s, geographic information technology (GIS) and maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) were used to simulate the ecological suitability of FCB, a third-grade rare and endangered medicinal plant species. The results showed that the key environmental variables affecting the distribution of FCB were altitude, human activity intensity, and mean temperature of coldest quarter. Under current climate situation, the highly suitable areas were mainly located in the east of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including Western Sichuan, southeastern Tibet, southern Gansu, Northwestern Yunnan, and Eastern Qinghai, with a total area of 31.47×104 km2, the area within the nature reserve was 7.13×104 km2, indicating that there was a large protection gap. Under the future climate change scenarios, the areas of the highly and poorly suitable areas of FCB showed a decreasing trend, while the areas of the moderately and total suitable areas showed an increasing trend. The geometric center of the total suitable area of the medicine will move to the northwest. The results could provide a strategic guidance for protection,development, and utilization of FCB though its prediction of potential distribution based on the key variables of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34779930,
year = {2021},
author = {Heydari Alamdarloo, E and Moradi, E and Abdolshahnejad, M and Fatahi, Y and Khosravi, H and da Silva, AM},
title = {Analyzing WSTP trend: a new method for global warming assessment.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {193},
number = {12},
pages = {806},
doi = {10.1007/s10661-021-09600-2},
pmid = {34779930},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Global Warming ; Seasons ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {This paper tries to introduce a time-series of temperature parameters as a potential method for studying the global warming. So, we investigated the spatial-temporal variations of warm-season temperature parameters (WSTP), including start time, end time, length of season, base value, peak time, peak value, amplitude, large integrated value, right drive, and left drive, using a database of 30 years' period in different climates of Iran. We used daily temperature data from 1989 to 2018 over Iran to extract the parameters by TIMESAT software. We studied the trend analysis of WSTP through the Mann-Kendall method. Then, we considered the Pearson correlation coefficient to calculate the correlation between WSTP and time. We assessed the trends of the slope using a simple linear regression method. Then, we compared the results of the WSTP trend analysis in climatic zones. Our results accused the hyper-arid climatic zone has the longest warm season (194.89 days a year). The warm season in this region starts earlier than other regions and increases with moderate speed (left drive, 0.19 °C day-1). Then, it reaches a peak value (31.3 °C) earlier than the different climatic zones. On the other hand, the humid regions' warm season starts with the shortest length and ends later than the other climatic zones (112.1 and 297.5 days a year for start and end times, respectively). We detected that the trend of the start time parameter has decreased by 98.02% of the study area during the last 30 years. The base value, length, and large integrated value parameters have an increasing trend of 66.47%, 80.11%, and 92.95% in Iran. The highest correlation coefficient with time was for start time and large integrated value parameters. Hence, the start time and large integrated value parameters have almost the most negative (< - 0.5) and positive (> 5) trend slope, among other parameters, respectively. In general, these results demonstrate that the studied region has faced global warming impacts over time by increasing the warm season and thermal energy, especially in arid and hyper-arid. We highlight the necessity of planning the land use under the high natural vulnerability of the studied local, especially in this new age of global warming.},
}
@article {pmid34778866,
year = {2022},
author = {Latkin, C and Dayton, L and Coyle, C and Yi, G and Winiker, A and German, D},
title = {The association between climate change attitudes and COVID-19 attitudes: The link is more than political ideology✰,✰✰,★.},
journal = {The journal of climate change and health},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {100099},
pmid = {34778866},
issn = {2667-2782},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are two current global threats. This study examined the relationship between climate change attitudes and COVID-19 behaviors and risk perceptions. Drivers of climate change attitudes and COVID-19 behaviors were also assessed. Study participants were an online sample of 520 respondents from a longitudinal study of COVID-19 and well-being in the US. Logistic regression models were used to examine the outcomes of climate change opinions and COVID-19 perceptions and prevention behaviors (perceived COVID-19 risk, mask wearing, social distancing, and vaccine intentions). Covariates included political ideology, conspiracy beliefs, and trust in scientific information about COVID-19. In the multivariable models of COVID-19 perceptions and prevention behaviors, climate change opinions were also included as a covariate. In these models, climate change attitudes were significantly associated with perceived risk of COVID-19, always wearing masks, decreased time spent with others due to COVID-19, and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. In adjusted models, the odds of wearing a mask increased 41% (CI: 1.11-1.78) for every 1-point increase on the climate attitude scale and decreased 13% (CI: 0.79-0.96) if the participant distrusted COVID-19 information. Those who reported distrust of COVID-19 information (aOR: 1.61, CI: 1.40-1.85), politically conservative ideology (aOR: 1.24, CI: 1.04-1.47), lower concern about climate change (aOR: 0.71, CI: 0.53-0.97), female sex (aOR: 2.39 CI: 1.38-4.13), and lower disbelief in conspiracy theories (aOR: 0.63, CI: 0.51-0.80) had higher odds of not intending to be vaccinated. These findings suggest that climate change attitudes are linked to COVID-19 behaviors and perceptions, which are not completely driven by political ideology or trust in scientific information.},
}
@article {pmid34778714,
year = {2021},
author = {Daniels, TL},
title = {Re-designing America's suburbs for the age of climate change and pandemics.},
journal = {Socio-ecological practice research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
pmid = {34778714},
issn = {2524-5287},
abstract = {The USA is the leading emitter of greenhouse gases among the developed countries, in part because it is the only developed country with more of its population in suburbs than in cities. Cities produce less greenhouse gas emissions per capita than suburbs. Meanwhile, the US and the world have been wrestling with the public health emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. But as US cities recover from the pandemic, they are unlikely to add more population than their suburbs because of changes in favor of working from home, online shopping, and the search for more affordable housing and green space, as well as concerns about population density and contagious diseases. So, the challenge is how to design and redevelop suburbs to make them more environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable to address both climate change and the threat of future pandemics. A sustainable suburb scenario offers an alternative to the sprawling development, separation of land uses and income classes, and automobile dependence that characterizes the typical American suburban landscape. This essay reviews the literature on re-designing suburbs and describes and evaluates both a business-as-usual suburb scenario and a sustainable suburb scenario. Though challenges exist, sustainable suburbs will be needed in order to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions, to achieve greater resilience in adapting to the effects of climate change, and to guard against future pandemics while providing economic opportunities and greater equity over the long run.},
}
@article {pmid34777950,
year = {2021},
author = {Sher, F and Raore, D and Klemeš, JJ and Rafi-Ul-Shan, PM and Khzouz, M and Marintseva, K and Razmkhah, O},
title = {Unprecedented Impacts of Aviation Emissions on Global Environmental and Climate Change Scenario.},
journal = {Current pollution reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-16},
pmid = {34777950},
issn = {2198-6592},
abstract = {There has been a continuously growing trend in international commercial air traffic, with the exception of COVID-19 crises; however, after the recovery, the trend is expected to even sharpen. The consequences of released emissions and by-products in the environment range from human health hazards, low air quality and global warming. This study is aimed to investigate the role of aviation emissions in global warming. For this purpose, data on different variables including global air traffic and growth rate, air traffic in different continents, total global CO2 emissions of different airlines, direct and indirect emissions, air traffic in various UK airports and fuel-efficient aircraft was collected from various sources like EU member states, Statista, Eurostat, IATA, CAA and EUROCONTROL. The results indicated that in 2019, commercial airlines carried over 4.5 × 109 passengers on scheduled flights. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the global number of passengers was reduced to 1.8 × 109, representing around a 60% reduction in air traffic. Germany was the largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) from the EU, releasing 927 kt of emissions in 3 years. In the UK, Heathrow airport had the highest number of passengers in 2019 with over 80 million, and the study of monthly aircraft movement revealed that Heathrow Airport also had the highest number of EU and International flights, while Edinburgh had the domestic flights in 2018. These research findings could be beneficial for airlines, policymakers and governments targeting the reduction of aircraft emissions.},
}
@article {pmid34777581,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, M and Vecchi, G and Soden, B and Yang, W and Zhang, B},
title = {Enhanced hydrological cycle increases ocean heat uptake and moderates transient climate change.},
journal = {Nature climate change},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {848-853},
pmid = {34777581},
issn = {1758-678X},
support = {80NSSC18K1435/ImNASA/Intramural NASA/United States ; },
abstract = {The large-scale moistening of the atmosphere in response to increasing greenhouse gases amplifies the existing patterns of precipitation minus evaporation (P-E) which, in turn, amplifies the spatial contrast in sea surface salinity (SSS). Through a series of transient CO2 doubling experiments, we demonstrate that surface salinification driven by the amplified dry conditions (P-E < 0), primarily in the subtropical ocean, accelerates ocean heat uptake. The salinification also drives the sequestration of upper-level heat into the deeper ocean, reducing the thermal stratification and increasing the heat uptake through a positive feedback. The change in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation due to salinification plays a secondary role in heat uptake. Consistent with the heat uptake changes, the transient climate response would increase by approximately 0.4 K without this process. Observed multi-decadal changes in subsurface temperature and salinity resembles those simulated, indicating that anthropogenically-forced changes in salinity are likely enhancing the ocean heat uptake.},
}
@article {pmid34776785,
year = {2021},
author = {Salim, E and Ravanel, L and Bourdeau, P and Deline, P},
title = {Glacier tourism and climate change: effects, adaptations, and perspectives in the Alps.},
journal = {Regional environmental change},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {120},
pmid = {34776785},
issn = {1436-3798},
abstract = {Climate change strongly affects mountain tourism activities. Glacier tourism is highly affected by the retreat of glaciers. However, research on the effects and adaptations of glacier tourism to climate change is scarce in Europe. By analysing the glacio-geomorphological literature, semi-structured interviews, and observations at six major Alpine glacier tourism sites, we aim to identify the physical processes that affect glacier tourism in the Alps and how stakeholders perceive and adapt to them. The results reveal that glacier retreat and the associated paraglacial dynamics and permafrost warming strongly affect glacier tourism. Stakeholders perceive six main issues: management, itinerary, infrastructure, attractiveness, safety, and activity. In response, they have been adapting with eight strategies: management change, technical means implementation, mitigation, diversification, access and itinerary maintenance, heritage development, planning, and implementation of transformation projects. These strategies are discussed regarding their relevance to tourism model transition to guarantee future sustainability.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-021-01849-0.},
}
@article {pmid34776634,
year = {2021},
author = {Ismail-Zadeh, A},
title = {Natural hazards and climate change are not drivers of disasters.},
journal = {Natural hazards (Dordrecht, Netherlands)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
pmid = {34776634},
issn = {0921-030X},
abstract = {Many nations face challenges in assessing, understanding, and responding to the time-dependent nature of disaster risk. Changes in the intensity of occurrences of extreme events coupled with changes in vulnerability and exposure alter the impacts of natural hazards on society in mostly negative ways. Here an interrelationship between natural hazard (NH), climate change (CC), vulnerability (V), exposure (E), and decisionmaking (DM) is considered. While NHs trigger disasters and CC is likely to intensify occurrences of disasters, V and E present major drivers of disasters. Informed DM on disaster risk reduction should be based on scientific evidence from NH and CC, knowledge of V and E, and relevant options for actions on preventive disaster measures as a part of preparedness and public awareness.},
}
@article {pmid34774222,
year = {2021},
author = {Wolff, NH and Zeppetello, LRV and Parsons, LA and Aggraeni, I and Battisti, DS and Ebi, KL and Game, ET and Kroeger, T and Masuda, YJ and Spector, JT},
title = {The effect of deforestation and climate change on all-cause mortality and unsafe work conditions due to heat exposure in Berau, Indonesia: a modelling study.},
journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00279-5},
pmid = {34774222},
issn = {2542-5196},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous studies focusing on urban, industrialised regions have found that excess heat exposure can increase all-cause mortality, heat-related illnesses, and occupational injuries. However, little research has examined how deforestation and climate change can adversely affect work conditions and population health in low latitude, industrialising countries.<br><br>METHODS: For this modelling study we used data at 1 km2 resolution to compare forest cover and temperature conditions in the Berau regency, Indonesia, between 2002 and 2018. We used spatially explicit satellite, climate model, and population data to estimate the effects of global warming, between 2002 and 2018 and after applying 1·0°C, 1·5°C, and 2·0°C of global warming to 2018 temperatures, on all-cause mortality and unsafe work conditions in the Berau regency, Indonesia.<br><br>FINDINGS: Between 2002 and 2018, 4375 km2 of forested land in Berau was cleared, corresponding to approximately 17% of the entire regency. Deforestation increased mean daily maximum temperatures by 0·95°C (95% CI 0·97-0·92; p<0·0001). Mean daily temperatures increased by a population-weighted 0·86°C, accounting for an estimated 7·3-8·5% of all-cause mortality (or 101-118 additional deaths per year) in 2018. Unsafe work time increased by 0·31 h per day (95% CI 0·30-0·32; p<0·0001) in deforested areas compared to 0·03 h per day (0·03-0·04; p<0·0001) in areas that maintained forest cover. With 2·0°C of additional future global warming, relative to 2018, deforested areas could experience an estimated 17-20% increase in all-cause mortality (corresponding to an additional 236-282 deaths per year) and up to 5 h of unsafe work per day.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: Heat exposure from deforestation and climate change has already started affecting populations in low latitude, industrialising countries, and future global warming indicates substantial health impacts in these regions. Further research should examine how deforestation is currently affecting the health and wellbeing of local communities.<br><br>FUNDING: University of Washington Population Health Initiative.},
}
@article {pmid34774114,
year = {2021},
author = {Guinto, RR and Alejandre, JCP and Bongcac, MK and Guilaran, J and Salcedo, SS and Sunglao, JA},
title = {An agenda for climate change and mental health in the Philippines.},
journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health},
volume = {5},
number = {11},
pages = {e755-e757},
doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00284-9},
pmid = {34774114},
issn = {2542-5196},
}
@article {pmid34773358,
year = {2021},
author = {Chaiard, J and Turale, S},
title = {Nursing: The critical need to address climate change and to protect health.},
journal = {Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jnu.12739},
pmid = {34773358},
issn = {1547-5069},
support = {//Chiang Mai University/ ; },
}
@article {pmid34773318,
year = {2021},
author = {Vicca, S and Goll, DS and Hagens, M and Hartmann, J and Janssens, IA and Neubeck, A and Peñuelas, J and Poblador, S and Rijnders, J and Sardans, J and Struyf, E and Swoboda, P and van Groenigen, JW and Vienne, A and Verbruggen, E},
title = {Is the climate change mitigation effect of enhanced silicate weathering governed by biological processes?.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15993},
pmid = {34773318},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Fundación Ramón Areces/ ; SGR 2017-1005//Catalan Government/ ; //Universiteit Antwerpen/ ; CGL2016-79835-P//Spanish Government/ ; 964545 - BAM//H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies/ ; ANR-16-CONV-0003//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; },
abstract = {A number of negative emission technologies (NETs) have been proposed to actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere, with enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) as a relatively new NET with considerable climate change mitigation potential. Models calibrated to ESW rates in lab experiments estimate the global potential for inorganic carbon sequestration by ESW at about 0.5-5 Gt CO2 year-1 , suggesting ESW could be an important component of the future NETs mix. In real soils, however, weathering rates may differ strongly from lab conditions. Research on natural weathering has shown that biota such as plants, microbes, and macro-invertebrates can strongly affect weathering rates, but biotic effects were excluded from most ESW lab assessments. Moreover, ESW may alter soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions by influencing physicochemical and biological processes, which holds the potential to perpetuate even larger negative emissions. Here, we argue that it is likely that the climate change mitigation effect of ESW will be governed by biological processes, emphasizing the need to put these processes on the agenda of this emerging research field.},
}
@article {pmid34773237,
year = {2021},
author = {Li, Y and Shao, W and Jiang, J},
title = {Predicting the potential global distribution of Sapindus mukorossi under climate change based on MaxEnt modelling.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34773237},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) is an important biological washing material and biomass energy tree species whose peel is rich in saponins, and its kernels have a high oil content. We used the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to predict the suitable habitats of S. mukorossi globally, screen the dominant environmental factors affecting its distribution and analyse the changes in its suitable habitats under climate change from prehistory to the future, and the results will provide a scientific basis for germplasm resource collection, protection, introduction and cultivation. Twenty-two environmental variables and global distribution data for S. mukorossi were used to construct the species distribution model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to verify the accuracy of the model. The dominant environmental factors were screened through the jackknife method, and then, the geographical information system (ArcGIS) was used to complete the grade of suitable habitat division and area calculation. The results showed that the MaxEnt model had an excellent predictive effect, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was as high as 0.969. The precipitation of the warmest quarter (Bio18), the minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6), temperature seasonality (Bio4) and isothermality (Bio3) were the dominant environmental factors that affected the distribution of S. mukorossi. The largest area of the world's suitable habitats occurred during the last interglacial (LIG) (772.69 × 104 km2), and the area decreased sharply (614.46 × 104 km2) during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The area of suitable habitat showed an increasing trend during the Mid-Holocene (MH) and currently, with areas of 631.06 × 104 km2 and 706.82 × 104 km2, respectively. The area of suitable habitats for S. mukorossi globally was 718.35 × 104 km2 (SSP1-2.6), 636.85 × 104 km2 (SSP2-4.5), 657.64 × 104 km2 (SSP3-7.0) and 675.89 × 104 km2 (SSP5-8.5) under the four scenarios of the future climate. The area increased only in the SSP1 scenario. In summary, globally, the suitable area of S. mukorossi tended to migrate to higher latitudes and decrease in area with future climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34770154,
year = {2021},
author = {Peng, W and Wang, D and Cai, Y},
title = {Assessing Ecological Vulnerability under Climate Change and Anthropogenic Influence in the Yangtze River Estuarine Island-Chongming Island, China.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {21},
pages = {},
pmid = {34770154},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {China ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Estuaries ; *Rivers ; Wetlands ; },
abstract = {Understanding and assessing ecological vulnerability for estuarine islands are important for maintaining estuarine island ecosystem services and its sustainable development. However, due to its complex fresh water-sea-land interaction mechanism and multiple stressors from both climate change and anthropogenic influence, a comprehensive evaluation of ecological vulnerability for estuarine islands has been limited. Therefore, taking the typical estuary island of Chongming Island as an example, we developed a comprehensive evaluation system of ecological vulnerability for an estuarine island ecosystem based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) conceptual model, and explored the spatial and temporal distribution of ecological vulnerability in 2005 and 2015. The results indicated that the main pressures of Chongming Island from saltwater intrusion intensity and land use intensity were mainly distributed in northern coastal areas and eastern areas of wetland; the ecological vulnerability index (EV) of Chongming Island showed a slight decrease from 2005 to 2015; and three categories of towns based on ecological vulnerability assessment for an eco-island planning and environmental management were identified. Our study provides an effective evaluation system of ecological vulnerability for estuarine islands, which could be helpful for planners and decision makers in improving eco-island planning and environmental management.},
}
@article {pmid34770130,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, C and Liang, Y and Zhao, Y and Liu, S and Huang, C},
title = {Simulation and Analysis of the Effects of Land Use and Climate Change on Carbon Dynamics in the Wuhan City Circle Area.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {21},
pages = {},
pmid = {34770130},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Carbon ; China ; Cities ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Urbanization ; },
abstract = {In a climate and land use change context, the sequestration of atmospheric carbon in urban agglomeration is key to achieving carbon emission and neutrality targets. It is thus critical to understand how various climate and land use changes impact overall carbon sequestration in large-scale city circle areas. As the largest urban agglomeration in central China, carbon dynamics in the Wuhan City Circle area have been deeply affected by rapid urbanization and climate change in the past two decades. Here, we applied monthly climate data, spatially explicit land use maps, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) images and the CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model to estimate the spatial and temporal changes of carbon dynamics in the Wuhan City Circle area from 2000 to 2015. We designed six different scenarios to analyze the effects of climate change and land use change on carbon dynamics. Our simulation of NPP (Net Primary Productivity) increased from 522.63 gC × m-2 to 615.82 gC × m-2 in the Wuhan City Circle area during 2000-2015. Climate change and land use change contributed to total carbon sequestration by -73.3 × 1010 gC and 480 × 1010 gC, respectively. Both precipitation and temperature had a negative effect on carbon sequestration, while radiation had a positive effect. In addition, the positive effect on carbon sequestration from afforestation was almost equal to the negative effect from urbanization between 2000 and 2015. Importantly, these findings highlight the possibility of carrying out both rapid urbanization and ecological restoration simultaneously.},
}
@article {pmid34769553,
year = {2021},
author = {Máté, D and Novotny, A and Meyer, DF},
title = {The Impact of Sustainability Goals on Productivity Growth: The Moderating Role of Global Warming.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {21},
pages = {},
pmid = {34769553},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Climate Change ; *Global Warming ; *Goals ; Sustainable Development ; },
abstract = {The objective of this paper was to gain novel insights into the complex relationships among Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in shaping productivity (GDP/capita) growth. Using dynamic panel regressions on data collected in 138 countries between 2000 and 2017, we found that rising temperatures negatively affect growth and mitigate the impact of other SDGs on growth. We also found that CO2 emissions have a U-shaped relationship with growth; life expectancy negatively influences growth (positively moderated by rising temperatures), and food security positively impacts growth (negatively moderated by rising temperatures). This study highlights the difficulty of simultaneously implementing SDGs and elucidates novel research perspectives and policies to decrease the negative impacts of climate change on socio-economic and environmental well-being.},
}
@article {pmid34768191,
year = {2021},
author = {Cole, VJ and Parker, LM and Scanes, E and Wright, J and Barnett, L and Ross, PM},
title = {Climate change alters shellfish reef communities: A temperate mesocosm experiment.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {173},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {113113},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113113},
pmid = {34768191},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Climate change is expected to cause significant changes to rocky shore diversity. This study used outdoor mesocosms to test the predictions that warming and ocean acidification will alter the responses of native Trichomya hirsuta and introduced Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels, and their associated communities of infauna. Experiments consisted of orthogonal combinations of temperature (ambient 22 °C or elevated 25 °C), pCO2 (ambient 400 μatm or elevated 1000 μatm), mussel species (T. hirsuta or M. galloprovincialis), and mussel configuration (native, introduced, or both), with n = 3 replicates. Elevated pCO2 reduced the growth of T. hirsuta but not that of M. galloprovincialis, and warming and pCO2 influenced the infauna that colonised both species of mussels. There was a reduction in infaunal molluscs and an increase in polychaetes; there was, however, no effect on crustaceans. Results from this study suggest that climate-driven changes from one mussel species to another can significantly influence infaunal communities.},
}
@article {pmid34767440,
year = {2021},
author = {Jirinec, V and Burner, RC and Amaral, BR and Bierregaard, RO and Fernández-Arellano, G and Hernández-Palma, A and Johnson, EI and Lovejoy, TE and Powell, LL and Rutt, CL and Wolfe, JD and Stouffer, PC},
title = {Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {7},
number = {46},
pages = {eabk1743},
pmid = {34767440},
issn = {2375-2548},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34766705,
year = {2021},
author = {Sciberras, E and Fernando, JW},
title = {Climate change-related worry among Australian adolescents: an eight-year longitudinal study.},
journal = {Child and adolescent mental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/camh.12521},
pmid = {34766705},
issn = {1475-357X},
support = {1110688//Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship/ ; 1194297//Medical Research Future Fund Investigator/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Worry about climate change may be associated with poorer mental health but also with greater political engagement. We determined trajectories of climate change-related worry over adolescence and whether these were associated with depression symptoms and greater engagement with news and politics in late adolescence.<br><br>METHODS: At ages 10-11, 12-13, 16-17 and 18-19 years, adolescents participating in the Kindergarten cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children rated their worry about climate change. At age 18-19 years, participants reported on depression symptoms and engagement with news and politics. Latent profile analysis determined trajectories of climate change-related worry across all time points (N = 2244). Linear regression analyses examined the association between trajectories and outcomes at 18-19 years.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen per cent (n = 290) of adolescents had high persistent worry. The largest proportions had moderate (n = 559, 24.9%) or increasing worry (n = 546, 24.3%), followed by persistent low worry (n = 376, 16.8%), slightly decreasing worry (n = 297, 13.2%) and steeply decreasing worry (n = 176, 7.8%). Adolescents with high persistent worry had higher depression symptoms at age 18-19 years compared to the moderate group, while those with increasing worry did not. The high persistent and increasing worry groups reported greater engagement with news and politics across several measures.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This is the first study to track climate-related worry and outcomes in young people across adolescence. A substantial number of Australian adolescents experience high or increasing worry about climate change, which is associated with greater societal engagement.},
}
@article {pmid34766098,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhou, T},
title = {New physical science behind climate change: What does IPCC AR6 tell us?.},
journal = {Innovation (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {100173},
pmid = {34766098},
issn = {2666-6758},
}
@article {pmid34765769,
year = {2021},
author = {Santos, RM and Bakhshoodeh, R},
title = {Climate change/global warming/climate emergency versus general climate research: comparative bibliometric trends of publications.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {11},
pages = {e08219},
pmid = {34765769},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {This article presents and discusses the scientific publication record from 1910 to 2020 on two topics: "climate" (CL) and "climate change/global warming/climate emergency" (CC/GW/CE). The goal is to comparatively visualize how these two distinct publication records have evolved over time, from different classification perspectives, using publication ratios as the key indicator. It is found that research output related to the Earth's contemporary changing climate overtook that of general climate research in 2010, and the publication ratio (CC/GW/CE)/(CL) has been expanding in the last decade. There are significant differences in the publication countries and sources between the two topics. Differentiation factors that affect the level of research output and engagement on the climate challenge include island versus landlocked nations, specialized versus general scientific journals, academic versus institutional organizations. The future of the publication records is discussed, such as the emergence of new terms to refer to the climate challenge, such as "climate emergency".},
}
@article {pmid34765187,
year = {2021},
author = {Melton, AE and Beck, J and Galla, SJ and Jenkins, J and Handley, L and Kim, M and Grimwood, J and Schmutz, J and Richardson, BA and Serpe, M and Novak, S and Buerki, S},
title = {A draft genome provides hypotheses on drought tolerance in a keystone plant species in Western North America threatened by climate change.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {21},
pages = {15417-15429},
pmid = {34765187},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Climate change presents distinct ecological and physiological challenges to plants as extreme climate events become more common. Understanding how species have adapted to drought, especially ecologically important nonmodel organisms, will be crucial to elucidate potential biological pathways for drought adaptation and inform conservation strategies. To aid in genome-to-phenome research, a draft genome was assembled for a diploid individual of Artemisia tridentata subsp. tridentata, a threatened keystone shrub in western North America. While this taxon has few genetic resources available and genetic/genomics work has proven difficult due to genetic heterozygosity in the past, a draft genome was successfully assembled. Aquaporin (AQP) genes and their promoter sequences were mined from the draft genome to predict mechanisms regulating gene expression and generate hypotheses on key genes underpinning drought response. Fifty-one AQP genes were fully assembled within the draft genome. Promoter and phylogenetic analyses revealed putative duplicates of A. tridentata subsp. tridentata AQPs which have experienced differentiation in promoter elements, potentially supporting novel biological pathways. Comparison with nondrought-tolerant congener supports enrichments of AQP genes in this taxon during adaptation to drought stress. Differentiation of promoter elements revealed that paralogues of some genes have evolved to function in different pathways, highlighting these genes as potential candidates for future research and providing critical hypotheses for future genome-to-phenome work.},
}
@article {pmid34765133,
year = {2021},
author = {Shin, Y and Min, MS and Borzée, A},
title = {Driven to the edge: Species distribution modeling of a Clawed Salamander (Hynobiidae: Onychodactylus koreanus) predicts range shifts and drastic decrease of suitable habitats in response to climate change.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {21},
pages = {14669-14688},
pmid = {34765133},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Climate change is one of the major threats to global amphibian diversity, and consequently, the species distribution is expected to shift considerably in the future. Therefore, predicting such shifts is important to guide conservation and management plans. Here, we used eight independent environmental variables and four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) to model the current and future habitat suitability of the Korean clawed salamander (Onychodactylus koreanus) and then defined the dispersal limits of the species using cost distance analysis. The current habitat suitability model generated using the maximum entropy algorithm was highly consistent with the known distribution of the species and had good predictive performance. Projections onto years 2050 and 2070 predicted a drastic decrease of habitat suitability across all RCPs, with up to 90.1% decrease of suitable area and 98.0% decrease of optimal area predicted from binary presence grids. The models also predicted a northeastward shift of habitat suitability toward high-elevation areas and a persistence of suitability along the central ridge of the Baekdudaegan Range. This area is likely to become a climatic refugium for the species in the future, and it should be considered as an area of conservation priority. Therefore, we urge further ecological studies and population monitoring to be conducted across the range of O. koreanus. The vulnerability to rapid climate change is also shared by other congeneric species, and assessing the impacts of climate change on these other species is needed to better conserve this unique lineage of salamanders.},
}
@article {pmid34764227,
year = {2021},
author = {Diffenbaugh, NS and Konings, AG and Field, CB},
title = {Atmospheric variability contributes to increasing wildfire weather but not as much as global warming.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {118},
number = {46},
pages = {},
pmid = {34764227},
issn = {1091-6490},
}
@article {pmid34763537,
year = {2021},
author = {Binns, C and Low, WY and Wai Hoe, VC},
title = {Red Alert: Climate Change and Public Health in the Asia Pacific Region.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of public health},
volume = {33},
number = {8},
pages = {810-811},
doi = {10.1177/10105395211051322},
pmid = {34763537},
issn = {1941-2479},
mesh = {Asia/epidemiology ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; Pacific Islands/epidemiology ; *Public Health ; },
}
@article {pmid34763317,
year = {2021},
author = {Araújo-Silva, CL and Sarmento, VC and Santos, PJP},
title = {Climate change scenarios of increased CO2 and temperature affect a coral reef peracarid (Crustacea) community.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {173},
number = {},
pages = {105518},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105518},
pmid = {34763317},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {The effects of applying scenarios of increasing CO2 and temperature, using a mesocosm experiment, on the structure of a macrofaunal coral reef peracarid community were investigated for the first time. Samples were taken from artificial substrate units (ASUs), colonized by macrofauna from the coral reef subtidal zone of Serrambi beach (Brazil). In the laboratory, the ASUs were exposed to a Control (Ctrl) treatment and three climate change Scenarios (Sc) (increase of T° of 0.6, 2, and 3 °C, and pH drop of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7 units for Sc I, II and III respectively), and were collected after 15 and 29 days of exposure. Our results showed that the effect of different temperature and acidity levels under experimental climate change scenarios significantly impacted density, diversity and community structure. Major differences were observed when applying Sc II and III. Peracarida also showed a reduction in specimen number when comparing both exposure times. Overall, Amphipoda, Tanaidacea and Isopoda communities all displayed a reduction in the number of individuals for both scenarios and exposure time factors, while Cumacea responded negatively in all scenarios, suggesting that these individuals were more sensitive to the experimental conditions. Dissimilarities were greatest between the Ctrl and Sc III, particularly after 29 days. Two species, Elasmopus longipropodus (Amphipoda) and Chondrochelia dubia (Tanaidacea), greatly contributed to these dissimilarities. This study demonstrates that even an intermediate level of increasing ocean temperature and acidification will negatively impact the structure of the Peracarida macrofaunal community on coral reefs. Also demonstrates that different species of Peracarida exhibit divergent response patterns, highlighting the specific responses of these taxa to the impacts of environmental stressors. These outcomes highlight the importance of studying the effects of climate change on benthic peracarids, especially because they incubate their eggs. This characteristic can reduce migration potential and thereby reduces the individual's ability to disperse in response to a changing environment.},
}
@article {pmid34763280,
year = {2021},
author = {Khalkhali, M and Dilkina, B and Mo, W},
title = {The role of climate change and decentralization in urban water services: A dynamic energy-water nexus analysis.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {117830},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2021.117830},
pmid = {34763280},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Urban water services, including drinking water supply and wastewater treatment, are highly energy dependent, contributing to the challenges described under the water-energy nexus. Both future climate change and decentralized water system adoptions can potentially influence the energy use of the urban water services. However, the trend and the extent of such influences have not been well understood. In this study, a modeling framework was developed to quantify both the separate and the combined influences of climate change and decentralization on the life cycle energy use of the urban water cycle, using the City of Boston, MA as a testbed. Two types of household decentralized systems were considered, the greywater recycling (GWR) systems and the rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems. This modeling framework integrates empirical models based on multilinear regression analysis, hydrologic modeling, water balance models, and life cycle assessment to capture the complex interactions among centralized water services, decentralized water system adoptions, and climate parameters for cumulative energy demand (CED) assessment, considering all residential buildings in Boston. It was found that climate change alone will slightly increase the energy use of the centralized systems towards the end of the century, due to the cancelation effect amongst changes in water quality, flow rate, and space and water heating demand. When decentralization is considered alone, we found economically viable decentralized systems may not necessarily produce energy savings. In fact, RWH adoptions may increase energy use. When climate change and decentralization are combined, they will increase the water yield and cost savings of the decentralized systems, while reducing the energy use from the centralized systems. When the centralized systems are further added into the picture, the CED of the entire urban water cycle is projected to increase by 0.9% or 2.3% towards the end of the century under climate change if GWR or RWH systems are adopted by respective cost saving positive buildings.},
}
@article {pmid34762466,
year = {2021},
author = {O'Grady, C},
title = {New pledges could keep global warming below 2°C target.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {374},
number = {6569},
pages = {801-802},
doi = {10.1126/science.acx9607},
pmid = {34762466},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34761516,
year = {2022},
author = {Orgeret, F and Thiebault, A and Kovacs, KM and Lydersen, C and Hindell, MA and Thompson, SA and Sydeman, WJ and Pistorius, PA},
title = {Climate change impacts on seabirds and marine mammals: The importance of study duration, thermal tolerance and generation time.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {218-239},
doi = {10.1111/ele.13920},
pmid = {34761516},
issn = {1461-0248},
abstract = {Understanding climate change impacts on top predators is fundamental to marine biodiversity conservation, due to their increasingly threatened populations and their importance in marine ecosystems. We conducted a systematic review of the effects of climate change (prolonged, directional change) and climate variability on seabirds and marine mammals. We extracted data from 484 studies (4808 published studies were reviewed), comprising 2215 observations on demography, phenology, distribution, diet, behaviour, body condition and physiology. The likelihood of concluding that climate change had an impact increased with study duration. However, the temporal thresholds for the effects of climate change to be discernibly varied from 10 to 29 years depending on the species, the biological response and the oceanic study region. Species with narrow thermal ranges and relatively long generation times were more often reported to be affected by climate change. This provides an important framework for future assessments, with guidance on response- and region-specific temporal dimensions that need to be considered when reporting effects of climate change. Finally, we found that tropical regions and non-breeding life stages were poorly covered in the literature, a concern that should be addressed to enable a better understanding of the vulnerability of marine predators to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34760380,
year = {2021},
author = {Li, X and Lu, H and Zhang, Z and Xing, W},
title = {Spatio-temporal variations of the major meteorological disasters and its response to climate change in Henan Province during the past two millennia.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e12365},
pmid = {34760380},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {In China, historical documents have recorded large quantities of information related to natural disasters, and these disasters have had long-lasting effects on economic and social activities. Understanding the occurrence of the natural disasters and their spatio-temporal variation characters is crucial for sustainable of our society. Therefore, based on the collection and collation of historical documents, and adopting mathematical statistics, Kriging interpolation, correlation analysis and other methods, we systematically explored the meteorological disasters in Henan Province during the past two millennia in analyzing their spatio-temporal distribution characters and driving forces. The results demonstrate that there were five major types of meteorological disasters in Henan Province, including drought, flood, hails, low temperature and frost and insect pests, which presented obvious spatio-temporal variations and have occurred frequently during the past two millennia. According to the historical documents, the major meteorological disasters occurred 1,929 times in Henan from 221 BCE to 2000 CE. On the whole, the disaster frequency show that the occurrence cycle of the meteorological disasters has obvious changes, which mainly occurred in the middle and late stages during the past two millennia, especially after 1300 CE. Furthermore, we also find that the variation of meteorological disaster events is consistent with the variation of temperature in eastern China and the frequency of meteorological disaster increases in the cold period, but decreases in the warm period. In addition, there are obvious differences in the spatial distribution of the major meteorological disaster, which were mainly distributed in the northwest and southern part region of the Henan Province before 1911 CE. While after 1911 CE, the northern and southeastern parts were the meteorological disaster-prone areas in this region during this period. Spatial correlation analysis of each meteorological disaster before and after 1911 CE points out the droughts disaster frequency-occurring district has transferred in different periods, while the hail and low temperature and frost disasters just have a smaller transferred during these two periods. Conversely, the frequency-occurring districts of floods and insect pest disasters have no obviously transferred in different periods. These results can provide an important scientific basis for governmental decision makers and local people to prevent and mitigate meteorological disaster in the future.},
}
@article {pmid34760364,
year = {2021},
author = {Gao, H and Wang, L and Ma, J and Gao, X and Xiao, J and Wang, H},
title = {Modeling the current distribution suitability and future dynamics of Culicoides imicola under climate change scenarios.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e12308},
pmid = {34760364},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Background: African horse sickness, a transboundary and non-contagious arboviral infectious disease of equids, has spread without any warning from sub-Saharan Africa towards the Southeast Asian countries in 2020. It is imperative to predict the global distribution of Culicoides imicola (C. imicola), which was the main vector of African horse sickness virus.<br><br>Methods: The occurrence records of C. imicola were mainly obtained from the published literature and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database. The maximum entropy algorithm was used to model the current distribution suitability and future dynamics of C. imicola under climate change scenarios.<br><br>Results: The modeling results showed that the currently suitable habitats for C. imicola were distributed in most of the southern part areas of America, southwestern Europe, most of Africa, the coastal areas of the Middle East, almost all regions of South Asia, southern China, a few countries in Southeast Asia, and the whole Australia. Our model also revealed the important environmental variables on the distribution of C. imicola were temperature seasonality, precipitation of coldest quarter, and mean temperature of wettest quarter. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) is an assumption of possible greenhouse gases emissions in the future. Under future climate change scenarios, the area of habitat suitability increased and decreased with time, and RCP 8.5 in the 2070s gave the worst prediction. Moreover, the habitat suitability of C. imicola will likely expand to higher latitudes. The prediction of this study is of strategic significance for vector surveillance and the prevention of vector-borne diseases.},
}
@article {pmid34758355,
year = {2021},
author = {Rupasinghe, R and Chomel, BB and Martínez-López, B},
title = {Climate change and zoonoses: A review of the current status, knowledge gaps, and future trends.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {106225},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106225},
pmid = {34758355},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), especially those with zoonotic potential, are a growing threat to global health, economy, and safety. The influence of global warming and geoclimatic variations on zoonotic disease epidemiology is evident by alterations in the host, vector, and pathogen dynamics and their interactions. The objective of this article is to review the current literature on the observed impacts of climate change on zoonoses and discuss future trends. We evaluated several climate models to assess the projections of various zoonoses driven by the predicted climate variations. Many climate projections revealed potential geographical expansion and the severity of vector-borne, waterborne, foodborne, rodent-borne, and airborne zoonoses. However, there are still some knowledge gaps, and further research needs to be conducted to fully understand the magnitude and consequences of some of these changes. Certainly, by understanding the impact of climate change on zoonosis emergence and distribution, we could better plan for climate mitigation and climate adaptation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34758286,
year = {2021},
author = {Cai, W and Zhang, C and Zhang, S and Ai, S and Bai, Y and Bao, J and Chen, B and Chang, N and Chen, H and Cheng, L and Cui, X and Dai, H and Danna, B and Di, Q and Dong, W and Dong, W and Dou, D and Fan, W and Fan, X and Fang, X and Gao, Y and Gao, T and Geng, Y and Guan, D and Guo, Y and Hu, Y and Hua, J and Huang, C and Huang, H and Huang, J and Hamilton, I and Jiang, Q and Jiang, X and Ke, P and Kiesewetter, G and Lampard, P and Li, C and Li, R and Li, S and Liang, L and Lin, B and Lin, H and Liu, H and Liu, Q and Liu, X and Liu, Y and Liu, Z and Liu, Z and Liu, X and Lou, S and Lu, C and Luo, Y and Luo, Z and Ma, W and McGushin, A and Niu, Y and Ren, C and Ruan, Z and Schöpp, W and Shan, Y and Su, J and Sun, T and Wang, Q and Wang, C and Wen, S and Xie, Y and Xiong, H and Xu, B and Xu, M and Yan, Y and Yang, J and Yang, L and Yang, X and Yu, L and Yue, Y and Zeng, Y and Zhang, Y and Zhang, S and Zhang, Z and Zhang, J and Zhao, L and Zhao, Q and Zhao, Z and Zhao, J and Zhao, M and Zhou, J and Zhu, Z and Fu-Chun, MCF and Gong, P},
title = {The 2021 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: seizing the window of opportunity.},
journal = {The Lancet. Public health},
volume = {6},
number = {12},
pages = {e932-e947},
doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00209-7},
pmid = {34758286},
issn = {2468-2667},
}
@article {pmid34755254,
year = {2021},
author = {Bulti, DT and Abebe, BG and Biru, Z},
title = {Climate change-induced variations in future extreme precipitation intensity-duration-frequency in flood-prone city of Adama, central Ethiopia.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {193},
number = {12},
pages = {784},
pmid = {34755254},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Environmental Monitoring ; Ethiopia ; *Floods ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {The influences of climate change on the features of extreme rainfall events have become unprecedented that needs improved understanding at all levels for planning effective management strategies of the potential risks. This study aims to assess the potential influences of climate change on extreme rainfall characteristics in flood-vulnerable city of Adama. Daily precipitation records of 1967-2016 and projection of global circulation models (GCMs): CanESM2 and HadCM3 for 2021-2070 were disaggregated into shorter time resolutions using the Hyetos model. Gumbel type I probability distribution and power-regression model ([Formula: see text] were used for deducing intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves and for describing their functions, respectively. The extreme rainfall intensity of the historical and future periods for a range of storm durations and return periods were compared and contrasted. A close agreement is obtained between the observed and the modeled rainfall intensity with high values of coefficient of determination (> 0.996) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (> 0.850). Besides, statistically significant (p < 0.05) direct linear relationship is found between the return periods and the coefficient parameter of the IDF models. Moreover, the intensity of extreme precipitation over 2021-2070 in Adama city would increase up to 49.5%, depending on storm duration and return period considered. This could have consequences of the way the city's drainage infrastructures are designed, operated, and sustained. Hence, flood-prone areas should be recognized in order to formulate effective strategies for mitigation and adaption of potential impacts. The standards for designing future drainage infrastructures should also be updated aiming to reflect the effects of climatic change.},
}
@article {pmid34754618,
year = {2021},
author = {Guan, J and Li, M and Ju, X and Lin, J and Wu, J and Zheng, J},
title = {The potential habitat of desert locusts is contracting: predictions under climate change scenarios.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e12311},
pmid = {34754618},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Desert locusts are notorious for their widespread distribution and strong destructive power. Their influence extends from the vast arid and semiarid regions of western Africa to northwestern India. Large-scale locust outbreaks can have devastating consequences for food security, and their social impact may be long-lasting. Climate change has increased the uncertainty of desert locust outbreaks, and predicting suitable habitats for this species under climate change scenarios will help humans deal with the potential threat of locust outbreaks. By comprehensively considering climate, soil, and terrain variables, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict the potential habitats of solitary desert locusts in the 2050s and 2070s under the four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) in the CMIP6 model. The modeling results show that the average area under the curve (AUC) and true skill statistic (TSS) reached 0.908 ± 0.002 and 0.701, respectively, indicating that the MaxEnt model performed extremely well and provided outstanding prediction results. The prediction results indicate that climate change will have an impact on the distribution of the potential habitat of solitary desert locusts. With the increase in radiative forcing overtime, the suitable areas for desert locusts will continue to contract, especially in the 2070s under the SSP585 scenario, and the moderately and highly suitable areas will decrease by 0.88 × 106 km2 and 1.55 × 106 km2, respectively. Although the potentially suitable area for desert locusts is contracting, the future threat posed by the desert locust to agricultural production and food security cannot be underestimated, given the combination of maintained breeding areas, frequent extreme weather events, pressure from population growth, and volatile sociopolitical environments. In conclusion, methods such as monitoring and early warning, financial support, regional cooperation, and scientific prevention and control of desert locust plagues should be further implemented.},
}
@article {pmid34754616,
year = {2021},
author = {Bartczak, A and Kaczmarek, H and Badocha, M and Krzemiński, M and Tyszkowski, S},
title = {Measured and predicted freeze-thaw days frequencies in climate change conditions in central Poland.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e12153},
pmid = {34754616},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {The rate of progression of geomorphological phenomena is greatly influenced by freeze-thaw processes. In the face of air temperature increasing over the past few decades, a question of the future impact of these processes arises, notably in the temperate and cold climate zones. Using the mean, maximum and minimum daily air temperature data in the period 1951-2018 obtained from three weather stations located in the vicinity of Jeziorsko reservoir (central Poland), we have determined the mathematical correlation, described with a polynomial function, between the mean monthly air temperature and the monthly number of freeze-thaw days (FTD). A freeze-thaw day is a day when the maximum air temperature is above 0 °C while the minimum air temperature equals or is below this threshold. The number of FTDs within the study area averaged 64-71 and demonstrated a downward trend of 2-4 FTDs/10 years. The study period (1951-2018), includes a clearly marked distinct sub-period (1991-2018), when the reservoir was in operation, which experienced 58-68 FTDs. Considering the assumed rise in temperature, one should expect a further, though slightly slower, decline in the future number of FTDs. Depending on the accepted model of the temperature increase, which for the area of Poland (Central Europe) in the perspective of 30 years oscillates between +1.1 to +1.3 °C, the number of FTDs within the study area is expected to decline by -4.5 to -5.3 FTD, i.e. 6-7% and 5.4-5.5 FTD i.e. 8-9% respectively.},
}
@article {pmid34753820,
year = {2021},
author = {Laughner, JL and Neu, JL and Schimel, D and Wennberg, PO and Barsanti, K and Bowman, KW and Chatterjee, A and Croes, BE and Fitzmaurice, HL and Henze, DK and Kim, J and Kort, EA and Liu, Z and Miyazaki, K and Turner, AJ and Anenberg, S and Avise, J and Cao, H and Crisp, D and de Gouw, J and Eldering, A and Fyfe, JC and Goldberg, DL and Gurney, KR and Hasheminassab, S and Hopkins, F and Ivey, CE and Jones, DBA and Liu, J and Lovenduski, NS and Martin, RV and McKinley, GA and Ott, L and Poulter, B and Ru, M and Sander, SP and Swart, N and Yung, YL and Zeng, ZC},
title = {Societal shifts due to COVID-19 reveal large-scale complexities and feedbacks between atmospheric chemistry and climate change.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {118},
number = {46},
pages = {},
pmid = {34753820},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {80NSSC17K0508/ImNASA/Intramural NASA/United States ; 80NSSC19K0508/ImNASA/Intramural NASA/United States ; 80NSSC18K0508/ImNASA/Intramural NASA/United States ; 80NSSC20K0006/ImNASA/Intramural NASA/United States ; 80NSSC18K0689/ImNASA/Intramural NASA/United States ; },
mesh = {*Air Pollution ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; COVID-19/epidemiology/*psychology ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate Change ; *Greenhouse Gases ; Humans ; Methane ; *Models, Theoretical ; Nitrogen Oxides ; Ozone ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 global pandemic and associated government lockdowns dramatically altered human activity, providing a window into how changes in individual behavior, enacted en masse, impact atmospheric composition. The resulting reductions in anthropogenic activity represent an unprecedented event that yields a glimpse into a future where emissions to the atmosphere are reduced. Furthermore, the abrupt reduction in emissions during the lockdown periods led to clearly observable changes in atmospheric composition, which provide direct insight into feedbacks between the Earth system and human activity. While air pollutants and greenhouse gases share many common anthropogenic sources, there is a sharp difference in the response of their atmospheric concentrations to COVID-19 emissions changes, due in large part to their different lifetimes. Here, we discuss several key takeaways from modeling and observational studies. First, despite dramatic declines in mobility and associated vehicular emissions, the atmospheric growth rates of greenhouse gases were not slowed, in part due to decreased ocean uptake of CO2 and a likely increase in CH4 lifetime from reduced NO x emissions. Second, the response of O3 to decreased NO x emissions showed significant spatial and temporal variability, due to differing chemical regimes around the world. Finally, the overall response of atmospheric composition to emissions changes is heavily modulated by factors including carbon-cycle feedbacks to CH4 and CO2, background pollutant levels, the timing and location of emissions changes, and climate feedbacks on air quality, such as wildfires and the ozone climate penalty.},
}
@article {pmid34753741,
year = {2021},
author = {Marder, E and Rue, M},
title = {From the Neuroscience of Individual Variability to Climate Change.},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1261-21.2021},
pmid = {34753741},
issn = {1529-2401},
abstract = {Years of basic neuroscience on the modulation of the small circuits found in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) have led us to study the effects of temperature on the motor patterns produced by the STG. While the impetus for this work was the study of individual variability in the parameters determining intrinsic and synaptic conductances, we are confronting substantial fluctuations in the stability of the networks to extreme temperature; these may correlate with changes in ocean temperature. Interestingly, when studied under control conditions, these wild-caught animals appear to be unchanged, but it is only when challenged by extreme temperatures that we reveal the consequences of warming oceans.},
}
@article {pmid34752774,
year = {2021},
author = {Stuart-Smith, RD},
title = {Climate change: Large-scale abundance shifts in fishes.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {31},
number = {21},
pages = {R1445-R1447},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.063},
pmid = {34752774},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Warming seas are driving a mass-scale restructuring of marine life, with observed responses expanding beyond species' range shifts. New evidence highlights large regions where ecological change has been dominated by the declining abundance of species that prefer cooler waters.},
}
@article {pmid34751933,
year = {2021},
author = {Bonnet-Lebrun, AS and Larsen, T and Thórarinsson, TL and Kolbeinsson, Y and Frederiksen, M and Morley, TI and Fox, D and Boutet, A and le Bouard, F and Deville, T and Hansen, ES and Hansen, T and Roberts, P and Ratcliffe, N},
title = {Cold comfort: Arctic seabirds find refugia from climate change and potential competition in marginal ice zones and fjords.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34751933},
issn = {1654-7209},
support = {NE/R012660/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 03V01459//BMBF/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change alters species distributions by shifting their fundamental niche in space through time. Such effects may be exacerbated by increased inter-specific competition if climate alters species dominance where competitor ranges overlap. This study used census data, telemetry and stable isotopes to examine the population and foraging ecology of a pair of Arctic and temperate congeners across an extensive zone of sympatry in Iceland, where sea temperatures varied substantially. The abundance of Arctic Brünnich's guillemot Uria lomvia declined with sea temperature. Accessibility of refugia in cold water currents or fjords helped support higher numbers and reduce rates of population decline. Competition with temperate Common guillemots Uria aalge did not affect abundance, but similarities in foraging ecology were sufficient to cause competition when resources are limiting. Continued warming is likely to lead to further declines of Brünnich's guillemot, with implications for conservation status and ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid34751448,
year = {2021},
author = {Bluemel, JK and Fischer, SH and Kulka, DW and Lynam, CP and Ellis, JR},
title = {Decline in Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas lupus in the North Sea: Impacts of fishing pressure and climate change.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.14942},
pmid = {34751448},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {ME6016//UK Department for Environment Food &amp; Rural Affairs (Defra)/ ; },
abstract = {Anarhichas lupus is a boreo-Arctic species with biological characteristics often associated with vulnerability to overexploitation. Although not commercially targeted in the North Sea, A. lupus is a bycatch species in mixed demersal fisheries. Here we provide an overview of the status of A. lupus in the North Sea, as observed from commercial landings and fishery-independent trawl survey data. A. lupus was once common across much of the central and northern North Sea but, since the 1980s, have declined in abundance, demographic characteristics (reduced size) and geographical range, with the shallower and more southerly parts of its range most impacted. A. lupus is still relatively frequent in the northern North Sea, where fishing intensity, though decreasing, is high. Bycatch through fishing remains a potential threat and, considering the likely impacts of predicted climate change on cold-water species, risks of further regional depletion and/or range contraction remain. Whether or not A. lupus is able to re-establish viable populations in former habitat in UK coastal waters is unknown. Given the lack of data, the precautionary principle would suggest that manageable pressures be minimized where the species and its habitat are at risk of further impacts, and more regular assessments of population status be undertaken.},
}
@article {pmid34751327,
year = {2021},
author = {Oyarzún G, M and Lanas Z, F and Wolff R, M and Quezada L, A},
title = {[The impact of climate change on health].},
journal = {Revista medica de Chile},
volume = {149},
number = {5},
pages = {738-746},
doi = {10.4067/s0034-98872021000500738},
pmid = {34751327},
issn = {0717-6163},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Communicable Diseases ; Disease Vectors ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Seawater ; },
abstract = {Climate changes evidenced by an increase in our planet's mean temperature, changes in rainfall, increased sea level and extreme weather conditions, favor air and soil contamination, ocean acidification, droughts, floods, heat waves and forest fires, which affect the health and wellbeing of exposed populations. These changes will exert negative effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems, nutritional status, burden of infectious diseases, especially vector-borne infections, and human mental health. Moreover, environmental damages, such as loss of biodiversity, ecological collapse and deterioration of socioeconomic factors such as agricultural and fishery production, and the loss of habitable land, will impulse massive migrations. This article summarizes the impact that climate change is expected to have on respiratory, cardiovascular and infectious diseases and its repercussions on people of extreme ages. It is imperative to achieve the immediate commitment of worldwide national governments to control green-house gas emissions. The appropriate technology does exist, but political will is urgently needed to accomplish this goal.},
}
@article {pmid34750118,
year = {2021},
author = {Smith, R},
title = {COP26 diary: making health central to tackling climate change.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {n2728},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.n2728},
pmid = {34750118},
issn = {1756-1833},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Congresses as Topic ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; },
}
@article {pmid34748832,
year = {2021},
author = {De Lombaerde, E and Vangansbeke, P and Lenoir, J and Van Meerbeek, K and Lembrechts, J and Rodríguez-Sánchez, F and Luoto, M and Scheffers, B and Haesen, S and Aalto, J and Christiansen, DM and De Pauw, K and Depauw, L and Govaert, S and Greiser, C and Hampe, A and Hylander, K and Klinges, D and Koelemeijer, I and Meeussen, C and Ogée, J and Sanczuk, P and Vanneste, T and Zellweger, F and Baeten, L and De Frenne, P},
title = {Maintaining forest cover to enhance temperature buffering under future climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151338},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151338},
pmid = {34748832},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Forest canopies buffer macroclimatic temperature fluctuations. However, we do not know if and how the capacity of canopies to buffer understorey temperature will change with accelerating climate change. Here we map the difference (offset) between temperatures inside and outside forests in the recent past and project these into the future in boreal, temperate and tropical forests. Using linear mixed-effect models, we combined a global database of 714 paired time series of temperatures (mean, minimum and maximum) measured inside forests vs. in nearby open habitats with maps of macroclimate, topography and forest cover to hindcast past (1970-2000) and to project future (2060-2080) temperature differences between free-air temperatures and sub-canopy microclimates. For all tested future climate scenarios, we project that the difference between maximum temperatures inside and outside forests across the globe will increase (i.e. result in stronger cooling in forests), on average during 2060-2080, by 0.27 ± 0.16 °C (RCP2.6) and 0.60 ± 0.14 °C (RCP8.5) due to macroclimate changes. This suggests that extremely hot temperatures under forest canopies will, on average, warm less than outside forests as macroclimate warms. This knowledge is of utmost importance as it suggests that forest microclimates will warm at a slower rate than non-forested areas, assuming that forest cover is maintained. Species adapted to colder growing conditions may thus find shelter and survive longer than anticipated at a given forest site. This highlights the potential role of forests as a whole as microrefugia for biodiversity under future climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34748593,
year = {2021},
author = {Bombi, P and Salvi, D and Shuuya, T and Vignoli, L and Wassenaar, T},
title = {Climate change effects on desert ecosystems: A case study on the keystone species of the Namib Desert Welwitschia mirabilis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {e0259767},
pmid = {34748593},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Deserts have been predicted to be one of the most responsive ecosystems to global climate change. In this study, we examine the spatial and demographic response of a keystone endemic plant of the Namib Desert (Welwitschia mirabilis), for which displacement and reduction of suitable climate has been foreseen under future conditions. The main aim is to assess the association between ongoing climate change and geographical patterns of welwitschia health, reproductive status, and size. We collected data on welwitschia distribution, health condition, reproductive status, and plant size in northern Namibia. We used ecological niche models to predict the expected geographic shift of suitability under climate change scenarios. For each variable, we compared our field measurements with the expected ongoing change in climate suitability. Finally, we tested the presence of simple geographical gradients in the observed patterns. The historically realized thermal niche of welwitschia will be almost completely unavailable in the next 30 years in northern Namibia. Expected reductions of climatic suitability in our study sites were strongly associated with indicators of negative population conditions, namely lower plant health, reduced recruitment and increased adult mortality. Population condition does not follow simple latitudinal or altitudinal gradients. The observed pattern of population traits is consistent with climate change trends and projections. This makes welwitschia a suitable bioindicator (i.e. a 'sentinel') for climate change effect in the Namib Desert ecosystems. Our spatially explicit approach, combining suitability modeling with geographic combinations of population conditions measured in the field, could be extensively adopted to identify sentinel species, and detect population responses to climate change in other regions and ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid34747631,
year = {2021},
author = {Ebi, KL and Luchters, S},
title = {Invited Perspective: Most Affected by Climate Change; Least Studied.},
journal = {Environmental health perspectives},
volume = {129},
number = {11},
pages = {111301},
pmid = {34747631},
issn = {1552-9924},
}
@article {pmid34745847,
year = {2022},
author = {Ferraz Young, A},
title = {From federal transfers and local investments to a potential convergence of COVID-19 and climate change: The case study of São Paulo city.},
journal = {Sustainable cities and society},
volume = {76},
number = {},
pages = {103450},
pmid = {34745847},
issn = {2210-6715},
abstract = {This paper is divided into two parts to explore some aspects of municipal development related to national and subnational investments in disaster risk reduction and urban sustainability related to Covid-19 and climate change response. In Part I, a survey on disasters and national transfers to 45 Brazilian municipalities is presented. In Part II, the local-scale approach enabled to compare the areas most affected by COVID-19 with those impacted by climate change. There are large uncertainties around financial support from the federal government and their impact at local scale. São Paulo city was chosen because it reveals some important aspects of spatial structure carried out through local investments. In this sense, updated information on floods and warmer surfaces were updated to provoke a discussion about a potential confluence with the effects of pandemic. The results highlighted the effects of scarce federal transfers and the maps help us to identify the spatial distribution of people at risk, which can be beneficial for municipal decisions as they highlight a significative relationship between pandemic effects and an uneven social structure. In conclusion, the trade-off between this unequal structure and a necessary and effectively sustainable change leads us to reflect on local investment trends.},
}
@article {pmid34745367,
year = {2021},
author = {Falk, J and Attig-Bahar, F and Colwell, RR and Behera, SK and El-Beltagy, AS and von Braun, J and Dasgupta, P and Gleick, PH and Kaneko, R and Kennel, CF and Koundouri, P and Lee, YT and Lovejoy, TE and Luers, A and Murray, CA and Lal, R and Serageldin, I and Sokona, Y and Takeuchi, K and Taniguchi, M and Watanabe, C and Yasunari, T},
title = {Addressing our planetary crisis: Consensus statement from the presenters and International Advisory Committee of the Regional Action on Climate Change (RACC) Symposium held in conjunction with the Kyoto-based Science and Technology in Society (STS) Forum, 1 October 2021.},
journal = {Sustainability science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-3},
pmid = {34745367},
issn = {1862-4057},
}
@article {pmid34745331,
year = {2021},
author = {Lockley, EC and Eizaguirre, C},
title = {Effects of global warming on species with temperature-dependent sex determination: Bridging the gap between empirical research and management.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {2361-2377},
pmid = {34745331},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Global warming could threaten over 400 species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) worldwide, including all species of sea turtle. During embryonic development, rising temperatures might lead to the overproduction of one sex and, in turn, could bias populations' sex ratios to an extent that threatens their persistence. If climate change predictions are correct, and biased sex ratios reduce population viability, species with TSD may go rapidly extinct unless adaptive mechanisms, whether behavioural, physiological or molecular, exist to buffer these temperature-driven effects. Here, we summarize the discovery of the TSD phenomenon and its still elusive evolutionary significance. We then review the molecular pathways underpinning TSD in model species, along with the hormonal mechanisms that interact with temperatures to determine an individual's sex. To illustrate evolutionary mechanisms that can affect sex determination, we focus on sea turtle biology, discussing both the adaptive potential of this threatened TSD taxon, and the risks associated with conservation mismanagement.},
}
@article {pmid34744013,
year = {2021},
author = {Williams, R and Lacy, RC and Ashe, E and Hall, A and Plourde, S and McQuinn, IH and Lesage, V},
title = {Climate change complicates efforts to ensure survival and recovery of St. Lawrence Estuary beluga.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {173},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {113096},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113096},
pmid = {34744013},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Decades after a ban on hunting, and despite focused management interventions, the endangered St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) population has failed to recover. We applied a population viability analysis to simulate the responses of the SLE beluga population across a wide range of variability and uncertainty under current and projected changes in environmental and climate-mediated conditions. Three proximate threats to recovery were explored: ocean noise; contaminants; and prey limitation. Even the most optimistic scenarios failed to achieve the reliable positive population growth needed to meet current recovery targets. Here we show that predicted effects of climate change may be a more significant driver of SLE beluga population dynamics than the proximate threats we considered. Aggressive mitigation of all three proximate threats will be needed to build the population's resilience and allow the population to persist long enough for global actions to mitigate climate change to take effect.},
}
@article {pmid34743321,
year = {2021},
author = {Shepard, ID and Wissinger, SA and Wood, ZT and Greig, HS},
title = {Predators balance consequences of climate-change-induced habitat shifts for range-shifting and resident species.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13631},
pmid = {34743321},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {ME0-21607//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; DEB 1556788//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB 1557015//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {While many species distributions are shifting poleward or up in elevation in response to a changing climate, others are shifting their habitats along localized gradients in environmental conditions as abiotic conditions become more stressful. Whether species are moving across regional or local environmental gradients in response to climate change, range-shifting species become embedded in established communities of competitors and predators. The consequences of these shifts for both resident and shifting species are often unknown, as it can be difficult to isolate the effects of multiple species interactions. Using a model system of insects in high-elevation ponds in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, we sought to disentangle the effects of predation and intraguild interactions on the survival and development of a semi-permanent pond resident caddisfly Limnephilus externus and the habitat-shifting caddis Asynarchus nigriculus that is being forced into semi-permanent ponds as temporary ponds dry too quickly to complete development. We conducted a manipulative in-situ pond cage experiment in which L. externus and A. nigriculus caddisfly larvae in single-species treatments and together were exposed to the presence/absence of predatory Dytiscus diving beetle larvae. This approach allowed us to isolate the effects of intraguild interactions and predation on the survival and development of both the resident and habitat-shifting species. We found that intraguild interactions had strong negative effects on the resident and habitat-shifting species. Intraguild interactions reduced the survival of the resident L. externus and increased the variation in survival of the shifting A. nigriculus. However, Dytiscus predators reduced these negative effects, stabilizing the community by increasing L. externus survival and reducing variation in A. nigriculus survival. We also found that intraguild interactions reduced L. externus biomass but resulted in increased A. nigriculus development. A. nigriculus development was also increased by predation. Our results show that strong intraguild interactions between resident and shifting species are likely to have negative consequences for both species. However, the presence of predators reduces these negative consequences of the habitat shift on both the resident and the shifting.},
}
@article {pmid34741946,
year = {2022},
author = {Ricalde, I and Vicuña, S and Melo, O and Tomlinson, JE and Harou, JJ and Characklis, G},
title = {Assessing tradeoffs in the design of climate change adaptation strategies for water utilities in Chile.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {302},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {114035},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114035},
pmid = {34741946},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Climate change is a challenge to drinking water providers worldwide and to regulatory frameworks that consider long-term investment decisions. Coping with an unstable climate warrants adjustments in regulations and new investments. The investment required to maintain a selected service level needs to balance the potential for high regret stranded assets with the political and socioeconomic consequences of not meeting water demands. In recent years, the City of Santiago in Chile has seen drought events associated with climate change, which could worsen in the future. Chile's drinking water regulatory framework does not account for uncertainty in infrastructure design to cope with the potential impacts of such events. This work presents an adaptation option design process that considers multiple plausible climate change-impacted future scenarios, accommodating both structural and nonstructural measures. In our Santiago case study adaptation measures include extensions to the existing Chilean water market and traditional structural alternatives (e.g., storage infrastructure); all are represented in a simulation model of the water utility. We evaluate and optimize packages of efficient adaptation measures for various climate scenarios. This allows comparing different portfolios of combined institutional and infrastructure interventions via a range of stakeholder measures and comparing their tradeoffs under different plausible climate-impacted hydrological scenarios. Results showed that water supply performance without climate change adaptation is worse under climate scenarios with lower water availability, which are likely to be associated with higher GHG emission scenarios such as RCP 8.5. The optimized portfolios implement various combinations of adaptation strategies to reduce the impacts of this poor performance. Considering the uncertainty on future climate scenarios, the use of nonstructural adaptation measures such as option contracts exhibits the advantage of providing water in critical periods while avoiding large investments such as building reservoirs or the purchase of permanent water rights, which could end up underused if favorable climate scenarios manifest.},
}
@article {pmid34741817,
year = {2021},
author = {Butler, CD and Jaakkola, JJK and Boylan, S and McFarlane, RA and Potter, JD},
title = {Restoring biodiversity and slowing climate change are crucial to protect health.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {398},
number = {10313},
pages = {1802},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02250-9},
pmid = {34741817},
issn = {1474-547X},
}
@article {pmid34741266,
year = {2021},
author = {Pan, C and Chen, S and Chen, Z and Li, Y and Liu, Y and Zhang, Z and Xu, Y and Liu, G and Yang, K and Liu, G and Du, Z and Zhang, L},
title = {Assessing the geographical distribution of 76 Dendrobium species and impacts of climate change on their potential suitable distribution area in China.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34741266},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {2015KQNCX024//Guangdong Science and Technology Department/ ; },
abstract = {The geographical distribution of plant resources is of great significance for studying the origin, distribution, and evolution of species. Climate and geographical factors help shape the distribution of plant species. Dendrobium is a commonly used traditional medicine and a precious economic crop in China. Owing to the over-exploitation and increasing medicinal demand of Dendrobium species plants, systematic investigation of the geographical distribution of the plants and analysis of their potential distribution under climate change are important for protecting Dendrobium plants. We adopted DIVA-GIS to analyze the georeferenced records of 76 species of the Dendrobium species collected from 2166 herbarium records. We analyzed the eco-geographical distribution and species richness of the genus Dendrobium to simulate the distribution of current and future scenarios using MaxEnt. The results revealed the distribution of Dendrobium in 30 provinces of China, with species abundance in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan. Our model identified the following bioclimatic variables: precipitation in the driest months and the warmest seasons, isothermality, and range of annual temperature. Among them, annual precipitation is the most crucial bioclimatic variable affecting the distribution of 16 selected Dendrobium species. The change of climate in the future will lead to an increase in habitat suitability for some Dendrobium species as follows: D. officinal 2.12%, D. hancockii by 6.00%, D. hercoglossum by 8.25%, D. devonianum by 7.71%, D. henryi by 9.40%, and D. hainanense by 13.70%. By contrast, habitat suitability will dramatically decrease for other Dendrobium species: D. chrysotoxum by 0.89%, D. chrysanthum by 12.68%, D. fimbriatum by 5.07%, D. aduncum by 11.44%, D. densiflorum by 18.47%, D. aphyllum by 8.05%, D. loddigesii by 16.45%, D. nobile by 5.41%, D. falconeri by 8.73%, and D. moniliforme by 10.61%. The reduction of these species will be detrimental to the medicinal and economic value of the genus Dendrobium. Therefore, targeted development and reasonable management strategies should be adopted to conserve these valuable resources.},
}
@article {pmid34740894,
year = {2021},
author = {Mulcahy, E},
title = {Why tackling climate change mitigation and human health together is the best way forward.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {n2707},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.n2707},
pmid = {34740894},
issn = {1756-1833},
mesh = {Air Pollution/*prevention &amp; control ; *Climate Change ; *Health ; Humans ; Policy ; },
}
@article {pmid34740649,
year = {2021},
author = {Xian, Y and Lu, Y and Liu, G},
title = {Is climate change threatening or beneficial to the habitat distribution of global pangolin species? Evidence from species distribution modeling.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151385},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151385},
pmid = {34740649},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Global climate change caused by fossil energy consumption is strongly threatening the species diversity of mammals. In particular, changes in temperature and precipitation have affected the habitat of pangolins. Thus, we employed the MaxEnt modeling approach to simulate the potential habitat distribution of pangolins under the current climate and future climate change scenarios during 2081-2100. The habitats of the two Phataginus pangolins were mainly affected by temperature and precipitation. Conversely, geomorphological factors mainly affected the habitat of pangolins in the genus Smutsia. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the habitat of Smutsia gigantea increased by 460.8 Mha, while that of Smutsia temminckii decreased by 89.4 Mha. Temperature and altitude affected the habitat of Manis crassicaudata, while vegetation coverage affected the habitat of Manis javanica. Moreover, human activities threatened the habitat of pangolins in Africa and India. However, labor transfer in southern China weakened the negative effects of human activities on the survival of pangolins in rural regions. Due to the lack of uniform intergovernmental schemes regarding global pangolin protection, the illegal pangolin trade threatens pangolin species worldwide, especially in Africa. From current to future scenarios, climate change increased the habitats of Manis crassicaudata, Manis javanica, Smutsia gigantea and Phataginus tetradactyla, while the habitats of Manis pentadactyla and Smutsia temminckii were threatened. Moreover, the total habitat area of the pantropical distribution zone in the Southern Hemisphere (26°S-33°S) decreased, mainly due to the extensive reduction in Smutsia temminckii habitat. The habitat of the pantropical zone in the Northern Hemisphere (19°N-28°N) basically remained unchanged. Increases in the habitat of the tropical distribution zone (11°S-17°N) were dominated by habitat gains for Smutsia gigantea. These findings provide scientific evidence to support global pangolin protection.},
}
@article {pmid34738846,
year = {2021},
author = {Atkinson, QD and Jacquet, J},
title = {Challenging the Idea That Humans Are Not Designed to Solve Climate Change.},
journal = {Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {17456916211018454},
doi = {10.1177/17456916211018454},
pmid = {34738846},
issn = {1745-6924},
abstract = {In the face of a slow and inadequate global response to anthropogenic climate change, scholars and journalists frequently claim that human psychology is not designed or evolved to solve the problem, and they highlight a range of "psychological barriers" to climate action. Here, we critically examine this claim and the evidence on which it is based. We identify four key problems with attributing climate inaction to "human nature" or evolved psychological barriers: (a) It minimizes variability within and between populations; (b) it oversimplifies psychological research and its implications for policy; (c) it frames responsibility for climate change in terms of the individual at the expense of the role of other aspects of culture, including institutional actors; and (d) it rationalizes inaction. For these reasons, the message from social scientists must be clear-humans' current collective failure to tackle climate change on the scale required cannot be explained as a product of a universal and fixed human nature because it is a fundamentally cultural phenomenon, reflecting culturally evolved values, norms, institutions, and technologies that can and must change rapidly.},
}
@article {pmid34738298,
year = {2021},
author = {Ma, R and Yu, K and Xiao, S and Liu, S and Ciais, P and Zou, J},
title = {Data-driven estimates of fertilizer-induced soil NH3 , NO and N2 O emissions from croplands in China and their climate change impacts.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15975},
pmid = {34738298},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {BK20200024//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Distinguished Young Scholars/ ; 42077080//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; JASTIF-CX(21)3007//Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Gaseous reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions from agricultural soils to the atmosphere constitute an integral part of global N cycle, directly or indirectly causing climate change impacts. The extensive use of N fertilizer in crop production will compromise our efforts to reduce agricultural Nr emissions in China. A national inventory of fertilizer N-induced gaseous Nr emissions from croplands in China remains to be developed to reveal its role in shaping climate change. Here we present a data-driven estimate of fertilizer N-induced soil Nr emissions based on regional and crop-specific emission factors (EFs) compiled from 379 manipulative studies. In China, agricultural soil Nr emissions from the use of synthetic N fertilizer and manure in 2018 are estimated to be 3.81 and 0.73 Tg N yr-1 , with a combined contribution of 23%, 20% and 15% to the global agricultural emission total of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2 O) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Over the past three decades, NH3 volatilization from croplands has experienced a shift from a rapid increase to a decline trend, whereas N2 O and NO emissions always maintain a strong growth momentum due to a robust and continuous rise of EFs. Regionally, croplands in Central south (1.51 Tg N yr-1) and East (0.99 Tg N yr-1) of China exhibit as hotspots of soil Nr emissions. In terms of crop-specific emissions, rice, maize and vegetable show as three leading Nr emitters, together accounting for 61% of synthetic N fertilizer-induced Nr emissions from croplands. The global warming effect derived from cropland N2 O emissions in China was found to dominate over the local cooling effects of NH3 and NO emissions. Our established regional and crop-specific EFs for gaseous Nr forms provide a new benchmark for constraining the IPCC Tier 1 default EF values. The spatio-temporal insight into soil Nr emission data from N fertilizer application in our estimate is expected to advance our efforts towards more accurate global or regional cropland Nr emission inventories and effective mitigation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34738174,
year = {2021},
author = {Canturk, U and Kulaç, Ş},
title = {The effects of climate change scenarios on Tilia ssp. in Turkey.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {193},
number = {12},
pages = {771},
pmid = {34738174},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Ecology ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; *Tilia ; Turkey ; },
abstract = {Global climate change will cause significant changes in climate parameters, especially temperature increases and changes in precipitation regimes worldwide. Since the life of living things is directly related to climate parameters, this process will inevitably affect all living things. The plants will be the most affected living things from this process because they do not have an effective movement and migration mechanism. Therefore, global climate change will cause significant species and population losses in plants. To minimize the potential loss of species and populations, it is necessary to predetermine the potential changes in species' distribution areas and take necessary actions. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the distribution areas of three Tilia species (Tilia tomentosa, Tilia cordata, and Tilia platyphyllos), which have economic, ecologic, and social value and show the local distribution in Turkey and to determine how they will be affected by global climate change. Within this scope, nineteen bioclimatic variables, Emberger climate classification, aspect, and topographic altitude variable were used in the modeling process. By modeling the scenarios SSP 245 and SSP 585, the projections were made for 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 regarding the areas suitable for the growth of these species and how these areas will change compared to their current situation. The results suggest that the distribution areas of all three Tilia species will change due to climate change, and the area of loss will be 43.5 km2 (4%) for T. tomentosa, 9953.6 km2 (15%) for T. platyphyllos, and 448.0 km2 (19%) for T. cordata. Moreover, a more important point here is that increases and decreases will be observed in their distribution areas, and these changes will occur in a short process and at significant levels. In this case, the migration mechanism that these species will require must be provided by humans.},
}
@article {pmid34736812,
year = {2021},
author = {Leffers, JM},
title = {Climate Change and Health of Children: Our Borrowed Future.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates &amp; Practitioners},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.09.002},
pmid = {34736812},
issn = {1532-656X},
abstract = {Children are disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because of physiological, developmental, behavioral, and social factors. In addition, they are likely to bear the consequences of these impacts over their life course. This paper reviews the health impacts of climate change on children's health, highlights specific vulnerabilities and offers recommendations to pediatric health care professionals for mitigation, adaptation, policy, and personal interventions to address our changing climate. Health care professionals can help families in mitigation and adaptation strategies to reduce their risk from climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34735233,
year = {2021},
author = {Dobson, A and Rowe, Z and Berger, J and Wholey, P and Caro, T},
title = {Biodiversity loss due to more than climate change.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {374},
number = {6568},
pages = {699-700},
doi = {10.1126/science.abm6216},
pmid = {34735233},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Human Activities ; },
}
@article {pmid34730700,
year = {2021},
author = {Yousafzai, A and Manzoor, W and Raza, G and Mahmood, T and Rehman, F and Hadi, R and Shah, S and Amin, M and Akhtar, A and Bashir, S and Habiba, U and Hussain, M},
title = {Forest yield prediction under different climate change scenarios using data intelligent models in Pakistan.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {e253106},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.253106},
pmid = {34730700},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Pakistan ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to develop and evaluate data driven models for prediction of forest yield under different climate change scenarios in the Gallies forest division of district Abbottabad, Pakistan. The Random Forest (RF) and Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) models were developed and evaluated using yield data of two species (Blue pine and Silver fir) as an objective variable and climate data (temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed) as predictive variables. Prediction accuracy of both the models were assessed by means of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (r), relative root mean squared error (RRMSE), Legates-McCabe's (LM), Willmott's index (WI) and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) metrics. Overall, the RF model outperformed the KRR model due to its higher accuracy in forecasting of forest yield. The study strongly recommends that RF model should be applied in other regions of the country for prediction of forest growth and yield, which may help in the management and future planning of forest productivity in Pakistan.},
}
@article {pmid34728801,
year = {2021},
author = {Nair, C},
title = {There is no silver bullet against climate change.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {599},
number = {7883},
pages = {32},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02980-y},
pmid = {34728801},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34728406,
year = {2021},
author = {Ma, G and Ma, CS},
title = {Potential distribution of invasive crop pests under climate change: incorporating mitigation responses of insects into prediction models.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {49},
number = {},
pages = {15-21},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2021.10.006},
pmid = {34728406},
issn = {2214-5753},
abstract = {Climate change facilitates biological invasions globally. Predicting potential distribution shifts of invasive crop pests under climate change is essential for global food security in the context of ongoing world population increase. However, existing predictions often omit the capacity of crop pests to mitigate the impacts of climate change by using microclimates, as well as through thermoregulation, life history variation and evolutionary responses. Microclimates provide refugia buffering climate extremes. Thermoregulation and life history variation can reduce the effects of diurnal and seasonal temperature variability. Evolutionary responses allow insects to adapt to long-term climate change. Neglecting these ecological processes may lead to overestimations in the negative impacts of climate change on invasive pests whereas in turn cause underestimations in their range expansions. To improve model predictions, we need to incorporate the fine-scale microclimates experienced by invasive crop pests and the mitigation responses of insects to climate change into species distribution models.},
}
@article {pmid34727712,
year = {2021},
author = {Warmuth, VM and Burgess, MD and Laaksonen, T and Manica, A and Mägi, M and Nord, A and Primmer, CR and Sætre, GP and Winkel, W and Ellegren, H},
title = {Major population splits coincide with episodes of rapid climate change in a forest-dependent bird.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {288},
number = {1962},
pages = {20211066},
pmid = {34727712},
issn = {1471-2954},
abstract = {Climate change influences population demography by altering patterns of gene flow and reproductive isolation. Direct mutation rates offer the possibility for accurate dating on the within-species level but are currently only available for a handful of vertebrate species. Here, we use the first directly estimated mutation rate in birds to study the evolutionary history of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Using a combination of demographic inference and species distribution modelling, we show that all major population splits in this forest-dependent system occurred during periods of increased climate instability and rapid global temperature change. We show that the divergent Spanish subspecies originated during the Eemian-Weichselian transition 115-104 thousand years ago (kya), and not during the last glacial maximum (26.5-19 kya), as previously suggested. The magnitude and rates of climate change during the glacial-interglacial transitions that preceded population splits in pied flycatchers were similar to, or exceeded, those predicted to occur in the course of the current, human-induced climate crisis. As such, our results provide a timely reminder of the strong impact that episodes of climate instability and rapid temperature changes can have on species' evolutionary trajectories, with important implications for the natural world in the Anthropocene.},
}
@article {pmid34727307,
year = {2021},
author = {Gado, TA and Mohameden, MB and Rashwan, IMH},
title = {Bias correction of regional climate model simulations for the impact assessment of the climate change in Egypt.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34727307},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {This study projected the future temperature change for Egypt during the late of this century (2071-2100) for three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), by correcting regional climate model (RCM) simulations of average, maximum, and minimum daily temperature with reference to observed data of 26 stations. Four commonly used methods of bias correction have been applied and evaluated: linear scaling, variance scaling, and theoretical and empirical quantile mapping. The compromise programing results of the applied evaluation criteria show that the best method is the variance scaling, and thus it was applied to transfer the correction factor to the projections. All temperature indices are expected to increase significantly under all scenarios and reach the highest record by the end of the century, i.e., the expected increase in average, maximum, and minimum temperature ranges between 4.08-7.41 °C, 4.55-7.89 °C, and 3.88-7.23 °C, respectively. The largest temperature rise will occur in the summer, with the highest increase in the maximum (minimum) temperature of 10.9 °C (10 °C) in July and August under RCP8.5. The maximum (minimum) winter temperature, on the other hand, will drop by a maximum of 2 °C (1.35 °C) under RCP2.6. The Western Desert and Upper Egypt are the regions most affected by climate change, while the northern region of Egypt is the least affected. These findings would help in impact assessment and adaptation strategies and encourage further investigation to evaluate various climate models in order to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the climate change impacts on different hydrometeorological processes in Egypt.},
}
@article {pmid34725476,
year = {2021},
author = {Tollefson, J},
title = {Top climate scientists are sceptical that nations will rein in global warming.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {599},
number = {7883},
pages = {22-24},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02990-w},
pmid = {34725476},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34725255,
year = {2021},
author = {Shindell, D and Ru, M and Zhang, Y and Seltzer, K and Faluvegi, G and Nazarenko, L and Schmidt, GA and Parsons, L and Challapalli, A and Yang, L and Glick, A},
title = {Temporal and spatial distribution of health, labor, and crop benefits of climate change mitigation in the United States.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {118},
number = {46},
pages = {},
pmid = {34725255},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {80NSSC19M0138/ImNASA/Intramural NASA/United States ; },
abstract = {Societal benefits from climate change mitigation accrue via multiple pathways. We examine the US impacts of emission changes on several factors that are affected by both climate and air quality responses. Nationwide benefits through midcentury stem primarily from air quality improvements, which are realized rapidly, and include human health, labor productivity, and crop yield benefits. Benefits from reduced heat exposure become large around 2060, thereafter often dominating over those from improved air quality. Monetized benefits are in the tens of trillions of dollars for avoided deaths and tens of billions for labor productivity and crop yield increases and reduced hospital expenditures. Total monetized benefits this century are dominated by health and are much larger than in previous analyses due to improved understanding of the human health impacts of exposure to both heat and air pollution. Benefit-cost ratios are therefore much larger than in prior studies, especially those that neglected clean air benefits. Specifically, benefits from clean air exceed costs in the first decade, whereas benefits from climate alone exceed costs in the latter half of the century. Furthermore, monetized US benefits largely stem from US emissions reductions. Increased emphasis on the localized, near-term air quality-related impacts would better align policies with societal benefits and, by reducing the mismatch between perception of climate as a risk distant in space and time and the need for rapid action to mitigate long-term climate change, might help increase acceptance of mitigation policies.},
}
@article {pmid34721962,
year = {2021},
author = {Du, P and Xu, M and Li, R},
title = {Impacts of climate change on water resources in the major countries along the Belt and Road.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e12201},
pmid = {34721962},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Background: Climate change has altered global hydrological cycles mainly due to changes in temperature and precipitation, which may exacerbate the global and regional water shortage issues, especially in the countries along the Belt and Road (B&amp;R).<br><br>Methods: In this paper, we assessed water supply, demand, and stress under three climate change scenarios in the major countries along the Belt and Road. We ensembled ten Global Climate Model (GCM) runoff data and downscaled it to a finer resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° by the random forest model.<br><br>Results: Our results showed that the GCM runoff was highly correlated with the FAO renewable water resources and thus could be used to estimate water supply. Climate change would increase water supply by 4.85%, 5.18%, 8.16% and water demand by 1.45%, 1.68%, 2.36% under RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios by 2050s, respectively. As a result, climate change will, in general, have little impact on water stress in the B&amp;R countries as a whole. However, climate change will make future water resources more unevenly distributed among the B&amp;R countries and regions, exacerbating water stress in some countries, especially in Central Asia and West Asia. Our results are informative for water resource managers and policymakers in the B&amp;R countries to make sustainable water management strategies under future climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34721747,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, X and Nishiura, H},
title = {The Epidemic Risk of Dengue Fever in Japan: Climate Change and Seasonality.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of infectious diseases &amp; medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale},
volume = {2021},
number = {},
pages = {6699788},
pmid = {34721747},
issn = {1712-9532},
abstract = {Dengue fever is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics, and the disease has become a threat to many nonendemic countries where the competent vectors such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are abundant. The dengue epidemic in Tokyo, 2014, poses the critical importance to accurately model and predict the outbreak risk of dengue fever in nonendemic regions. Using climatological datasets and traveler volumes in Japan, where dengue was not seen for 70 years by 2014, we investigated the outbreak risk of dengue in 47 prefectures, employing the temperature-dependent basic reproduction number and a branching process model. Our results show that the effective reproduction number varies largely by season and by prefecture, and, moreover, the probability of outbreak if an untraced case is imported varies greatly with the calendar time of importation and location of destination. Combining the seasonally varying outbreak risk with time-dependent traveler volume data, the unconditional outbreak risk was calculated, illustrating different outbreak risks between southern coastal areas and northern tourist cities. As the main finding, the large travel volume with nonnegligible risk of outbreak explains the reason why a summer outbreak in Tokyo, 2014, was observed. Prefectures at high risk of future outbreak would be Tokyo again, Kanagawa or Osaka, and highly populated prefectures with large number of travelers.},
}
@article {pmid34721088,
year = {2021},
author = {Mallet, RT and Burtscher, M and Cogo, A},
title = {Editorial: Climate Change in Mountainous Areas and Related Health Effects.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {768112},
pmid = {34721088},
issn = {1664-042X},
}
@article {pmid34720741,
year = {2021},
author = {Duan, H and Feng, K and Tong, F},
title = {Climate change mitigation and green transformation in China.},
journal = {Regional environmental change},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {110},
doi = {10.1007/s10113-021-01793-z},
pmid = {34720741},
issn = {1436-3798},
}
@article {pmid34720740,
year = {2021},
author = {Torres, C and Jordà, G and de Vílchez, P and Vaquer-Sunyer, R and Rita, J and Canals, V and Cladera, A and Escalona, JM and Miranda, MÁ},
title = {Climate change and their impacts in the Balearic Islands: a guide for policy design in Mediterranean regions.},
journal = {Regional environmental change},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {107},
pmid = {34720740},
issn = {1436-3798},
abstract = {Understanding the local effects of global warming-derived impacts is important to island systems due to their fragile environmental conditions. This is especially true when it comes to Mediterranean insular regions as they are climate change (CC) hotspots where adaptation and mitigation policy design is an urgent matter. Looking at 2030 as a time horizon for climate action and focusing on the Balearic Islands, this paper reviews the physical changes projected for the coming decades as a result of CC and analyses their impacts on regional environmental, economic and social variables. Mitigation and adaptation measures are also proposed based on the identified priority impacts. The fact the Balearics are a top world holiday destination allows the analysis to serve as a guide to other Mediterranean islands with tourism-based economies facing similar CC scenarios. Results show the projected rise of temperature and sea level; the reduction of the average precipitation and increase in evapotranspiration, the droughts and the increase in ocean acidification and deoxygenation are the main threats faced by the Balearics, this putting their economy at risk due to the high tourism's vulnerability to CC. Mitigation and adaptation action on terrestrial and marine ecosystems, water resources, energy, infrastructure and urban planning, human health, economy, law and education is recommended. Sustainable mobility and waste managing are also viewed as important fields for mitigation action. Conclusions show that diversifying the current socioeconomic model is needed to increase the community and territory resilience.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-021-01810-1.},
}
@article {pmid34720399,
year = {2021},
author = {Domingues, JM},
title = {Climate Change and Its Lexicon: An Analytical and Critical View.},
journal = {International journal of politics, culture, and society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-16},
pmid = {34720399},
issn = {0891-4486},
abstract = {Climate change is an overwhelming issue today, but sociology has yet to fully engage with its hermeneutical and political aspects. The article tackles this limitation and thus the lexicon of climate change, proposing an integrated framework that brings its principal concepts and notions together. In particular, it singles out hazard, risk and threat, vulnerability and resilience, adaptation, mitigation and precaution, Anthropocene and Capitalocene, nature and society. Although some authors have stressed the political aspects underlying these concepts and notions, and the IPCC itself has incipiently recognised this issue, the parameters of the debate remain conspicuously narrow. The article therefore proposes to engage it in direct and strong political terms, countering the partly successful operation of depoliticisation that such concepts and notions undergo. While the article concentrates on discursive aspects, it eventually points to the role of agents and power within the UN system concerning the articulation of this lexicon.},
}
@article {pmid34720263,
year = {2021},
author = {Sloggy, MR and Suter, JF and Rad, MR and Manning, DT and Goemans, C},
title = {Changing climate, changing minds? The effects of natural disasters on public perceptions of climate change.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {168},
number = {3-4},
pages = {25},
pmid = {34720263},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {The frequency and intensity of natural disasters such as hurricanes, wildfires, and floods are predicted to change as greenhouse gas concentrations increase. These disasters may represent sources of information for individuals as they update their beliefs related to climate change. Using a dataset that includes climate beliefs of respondents, we examine the effect of natural disasters on climate change beliefs and find that hurricanes significantly increase the probability that survey respondents from a given county believe that climate change is occurring and that it is human caused. We find that past experience with certain types of natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes) impacts beliefs regarding whether climate change is occurring and if it is human caused. The research contributes to the literature evaluating climate change attitudes by using spatially disaggregate information on climate change beliefs and exposure to a set of natural disasters over time. Characterizing beliefs and attitudes toward climate change and related policies is important since these beliefs are a determinant of individual adaptation and support for policies related to reducing carbon emissions.},
}
@article {pmid34720261,
year = {2021},
author = {Zanchetta, G and Bini, M and Bloomfield, K and Izdebski, A and Vivoli, N and Regattieri, E and Isola, I and Drysdale, RN and Bajo, P and Hellstrom, JC and Wiśniewski, R and Fallick, AE and Natali, S and Luppichini, M},
title = {Beyond one-way determinism: San Frediano's miracle and climate change in Central and Northern Italy in late antiquity.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {165},
number = {1-2},
pages = {25},
pmid = {34720261},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {Integrating palaeoclimatological proxies and historical records, which is necessary to achieve a more complete understanding of climate impacts on past societies, is a challenging task, often leading to unsatisfactory and even contradictory conclusions. This has until recently been the case for Italy, the heart of the Roman Empire, during the transition between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. In this paper, we present new high-resolution speleothem data from the Apuan Alps (Central Italy). The data document a period of very wet conditions in the sixth c. AD, probably related to synoptic atmospheric conditions similar to a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. For this century, there also exist a significant number of historical records of extreme hydroclimatic events, previously discarded as anecdotal. We show that this varied evidence reflects the increased frequency of floods and extreme rainfall events in Central and Northern Italy at the time. Moreover, we also show that these unusual hydroclimatic conditions overlapped with the increased presence of "water miracles" in Italian hagiographical accounts and social imagination. The miracles, performed by local Church leaders, strengthened the already growing authority of holy bishops and monks in Italian society during the crucial centuries that followed the "Fall of the Roman Empire". Thus, the combination of natural and historical data allows us to show the degree to which the impact of climate variability on historical societies is determined not by the nature of the climatic phenomena per se, but by the culture and the structure of the society that experienced it.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-021-03043-x.},
}
@article {pmid34719077,
year = {2021},
author = {Elsen, PR and Saxon, EC and Simmons, BA and Ward, M and Williams, BA and Grantham, HS and Kark, S and Levin, N and Perez-Hammerle, KV and Reside, AE and Watson, JEM},
title = {Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15962},
pmid = {34719077},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Wildlife Conservation Society/ ; //University of Queensland/ ; //Forest Inform Pty Ltd/ ; },
abstract = {Rapid climate change is impacting biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human well-being. Though the magnitude and trajectory of climate change are becoming clearer, our understanding of how these changes reshape terrestrial life zones-distinct biogeographic units characterized by biotemperature, precipitation, and aridity representing broad-scale ecosystem types-is limited. To address this gap, we used high-resolution historical climatologies and climate projections to determine the global distribution of historical (1901-1920), contemporary (1979-2013), and future (2061-2080) life zones. Comparing the historical and contemporary distributions shows that changes from one life zone to another during the 20th century impacted 27 million km2 (18.3% of land), with consequences for social and ecological systems. Such changes took place in all biomes, most notably in Boreal Forests, Temperate Coniferous Forests, and Tropical Coniferous Forests. Comparing the contemporary and future life zone distributions shows the pace of life zone changes accelerating rapidly in the 21st century. By 2070, such changes would impact an additional 62 million km2 (42.6% of land) under "business-as-usual" (RCP8.5) emissions scenarios. Accelerated rates of change are observed in hundreds of ecoregions across all biomes except Tropical Coniferous Forests. While only 30 ecoregions (3.5%) had over half of their areas change to a different life zone during the 20th century, by 2070 this number is projected to climb to 111 ecoregions (13.1%) under RCP4.5 and 281 ecoregions (33.2%) under RCP8.5. We identified weak correlations between life zone change and threatened vertebrate richness, levels of vertebrate endemism, cropland extent, and human population densities within ecoregions, illustrating the ubiquitous risks of life zone changes to diverse social-ecological systems. The accelerated pace of life zone changes will increasingly challenge adaptive conservation and sustainable development strategies that incorrectly assume current ecological patterns and livelihood provisioning systems will persist.},
}
@article {pmid34718622,
year = {2021},
author = {Stewart, PM and Mirmira, RG and Kaiser, UB and , },
title = {Environmental Pollution, Climate Change, and a Critical Role for the Endocrinologist.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {106},
number = {12},
pages = {3381-3384},
doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgab721},
pmid = {34718622},
issn = {1945-7197},
}
@article {pmid34717100,
year = {2022},
author = {Álvarez-Nieto, C and Richardson, J and Navarro-Perán, MÁ and Tutticci, N and Huss, N and Elf, M and Anåker, A and Aronsson, J and Baid, H and López-Medina, IM},
title = {Nursing students' attitudes towards climate change and sustainability: A cross-sectional multisite study.},
journal = {Nurse education today},
volume = {108},
number = {},
pages = {105185},
doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105185},
pmid = {34717100},
issn = {1532-2793},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Education is a social tipping intervention necessary for stabilising the earth's climate by 2050. Integrating sustainable healthcare into healthcare professions curricula is a key action to raise awareness.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to: i) investigate nursing students' attitudes towards and awareness of climate change and sustainability issues and its inclusion in nurse education, ii) explore differences across a range of countries, and iii) compare attitudes in 2019 with those of a similar sample in 2014.<br><br>DESIGN: A cross-sectional multicentre study. Data were collected through the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey (SANS_2) questionnaire.<br><br>SETTINGS: Seven different universities and schools of nursing in five countries (UK, Spain, Germany, Sweden, and Australia).<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of first-year undergraduate nursing students.<br><br>METHODS: The SANS_2 questionnaire was self-administered by nursing students at the seven participating universities at the start of their undergraduate degree, between September 2019 and February 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: Participants from all seven universities (N = 846) consistently showed awareness and held positive attitudes towards the inclusion of climate change and sustainability issues in the nursing curriculum (M = 5.472; SD: 1.05; min-max 1-6). The relevance of climate change and sustainability to nursing were the highest scored items. Esslingen-Tübingen students scored the highest in the 'inclusion of climate change and sustainability in the nursing curricula'. Students at all universities applied the principles of sustainability to a significant extent at home. Nursing students' attitudes towards climate change and sustainability showed significantly higher values in 2019 (Universities of Plymouth, Brighton, Esslingen-Tübingen, Jaen, Murcia, Dalarna, and Queensland) than in 2014 (universities of Plymouth, Jaen, Esslingen, and Switzerland).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students have increasingly positive attitudes towards the inclusion of sustainability and climate change in their nursing curriculum. They also recognise the importance of education regarding sustainability and the impact of climate change on health, supporting formal preparation for environmental literacy. It is time to act on this positive trend in nursing students' attitudes by integrating these competencies into nursing curricula.},
}
@article {pmid34713541,
year = {2021},
author = {Iltis, C and Tougeron, K and Hance, T and Louâpre, P and Foray, V},
title = {A perspective on insect-microbe holobionts facing thermal fluctuations in a climate-change context.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.15826},
pmid = {34713541},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {//F.R.S.-FNRS/ ; //FSR incoming Post-doctoral Fellowship/ ; },
abstract = {Temperature influences the ecology and evolution of insects and their symbionts by impacting each partner independently and their interactions, considering the holobiont as a primary unit of selection. There are sound data about the responses of these partnerships to constant temperatures and sporadic thermal stress (mostly heat shock). However, the current understanding of the thermal ecology of insect-microbe holobionts remains patchy because the complex thermal fluctuations (at different spatial and temporal scales) experienced by these organisms in nature have often been overlooked experimentally. This may drastically constrain our ability to predict the fate of mutualistic interactions under climate change, which will alter both mean temperatures and thermal variability. Here, we tackle down these issues by focusing on the effects of temperature fluctuations on the evolutionary ecology of insect-microbe holobionts. We propose potentially worth-investigating research avenues to (i) evaluate the relevance of theoretical concepts used to predict the biological impacts of temperature fluctuations when applied to holobionts; (ii) acknowledge the plastic (behavioural thermoregulation, physiological acclimation) and genetic responses (evolution) expressed by holobionts in fluctuating thermal environments; and (iii) explore the potential impacts of previously unconsidered patterns of temperature fluctuations on the outcomes and the dynamic of these insect-microbe associations.},
}
@article {pmid34713350,
year = {2021},
author = {Aslam, B and Khalil, U and Saleem, M and Maqsoom, A and Khan, E},
title = {Effect of multiple climate change scenarios and predicted land-cover on soil erosion: a way forward for the better land management.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {193},
number = {11},
pages = {754},
doi = {10.1007/s10661-021-09559-0},
pmid = {34713350},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Soil ; Soil Erosion ; },
abstract = {The ecosystem, biodiversity, and anthropological existence in the Chitral district are in danger due to the sediments and soil erosion stemming from the changes in the land-cover and climate. This research aims to practice the RUSLE model with the changes in the land-cover and climate in upcoming situations for 2030 and 2040 to evaluate soil erosion annually as per the spatial dissemination and the tendency of sediment yield. The multilayer perceptron (MLP), an artificial neural network (ANN), besides the Markov chain analysis was used to model upcoming land-cover. The Max Planck Institute model, which demonstrated a revised bias as well as downscaled grid size under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), was used for examining the future changes in the climate. The modeled land-cover showed that the areas that are primarily comprised of natural trees and shrubs were transformed largely to agriculture and build-up areas. The average rainfall in the future under different RCP situations was elevated compared to the rainfall through historical time. The continuous variability in the R and C factors affects the probable soil erosion rate and sediment yield. Under RCP8.5 for both future years of 2030 and 2040, the extreme erosion rate was assessed at around 500 and 550 t/ha/year. Additionally, under the different RCP scenarios in 2030 and 2040, the outcomes of sediment yield were more significant than the sediment yield through historical time. The results showed that lower regions of the Chitral district are at risk of amplified soil erosion and sediment yield presently, as shown by the historical data and in the future. The produced soil erosion maps using ArcGIS 10.2 can play a valuable role in managing sustainable development, conservation of the watershed of the Chitral River, and reducing soil loss. Effective measures to overcome these concerns and mitigate the possible effects need to be planned and practiced, particularly the decrease in the storage volume of the reservoirs situated on the river.},
}
@article {pmid34712857,
year = {2021},
author = {Bogale, GA and Maja, MM and Gebreyohannes, GH},
title = {Modelling the impacts of climate change on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in Welmera area, central Ethiopia.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {e08176},
pmid = {34712857},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Climate change is affecting agricultural production and other aspects of life but only limited number of studies took interest in characterizing and projecting climate and its impact on crop production at local level. The threat to agricultural sector is more serious in Ethiopia, where climate is influenced by diverse topography and varying landscape features. This study was conducted in Welmera area to model the impacts of climate change on production of two faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties (Tums and Gora). Historical climate and crop yield data were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia and Holeta Agricultural Research Center, respectively. Future climate data were downscaled by an average ensemble of four GCMs (BSS-CSM1-1, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC-ESM, NorESM1-M) in near- and mid-century (2030s and 2050s) under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Rainfall by near-century will increase by up to 50% depending on the concentration pathway considered compared to the baseline period (1988-2017). The projected average rainfall total of belg season (FMAM) will increase by 88.17% under RCP 4.5 scenario and 95.38% under RCP 8.5 scenario in near-century. The future projection revealed that the highest mean monthly rainfall and temperature changes will occur in July (147.3 mm/month) and August (0.24 °C/month) under RCP8.5. However, in August and September mean monthly rainfall will decrease dramatically by 50.85 % and 31.05% from 2020 to 2079 under RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5, respectively. The yield of Tumsa variety will decrease by up to 24.19% under RCP8.5 in mid-century. Gora variety will see an increase of yield by 18.24% under RCP 4.5 in mid-century and 28.03% under RCP 8.5 in near-century. Overall, the area will experience an increase and a decrease in faba bean yield for both varieties in the upcoming decades in the study area. Performance evaluation of the models showed that they were able to predict future yield faba bean varieties in the area with acceptable accuracy. Inconsistency of future climate variables and impact on fababean production underscores the need to develop location-specific adaptation strategies. Further studies that consider wider area could be necessary to better understand the impact of future climate on faba bean production in the study area and similar agroecologies in the country.},
}
@article {pmid34711857,
year = {2021},
author = {Leal Filho, W and Matandirotya, NR and Lütz, JM and Alemu, EA and Brearley, FQ and Baidoo, AA and Kateka, A and Ogendi, GM and Adane, GB and Emiru, N and Mbih, RA},
title = {Impacts of climate change to African indigenous communities and examples of adaptation responses.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {6224},
pmid = {34711857},
issn = {2041-1723},
}
@article {pmid34711818,
year = {2021},
author = {Mendoza, V and Pazos, M and Garduño, R and Mendoza, B},
title = {Thermodynamics of climate change between cloud cover, atmospheric temperature and humidity.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {21244},
pmid = {34711818},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {On a global and annual average, we find a parameterization in which the cloud cover increase is proportional to the mid tropospheric temperature increase, with a negative proportionality factor. If the relative humidity is conserved throughout the troposphere, a 1 °C heating (cooling) of the mid troposphere, decreases (increases) the cloud cover by 1.5 percentage points (pp). But if the relative humidity is not conserved, then the cloud cover decreases (increases) by 7.6 pp. If the shortwave reflection effect of the cloud cover is dominant on a global scale, this parameterization leads to a predominant positive feedback: if the temperature increases like in the current climate change, the cloud cover decreases and more solar radiation reaches the surface increasing the temperature even more. The contribution of the present work consists in finding that the negative sign of the proportionality factor is due to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation; that is, to the magnitude of the derivative of the saturation vapor pressure at the typical standard surface temperature of 288 K. The negative sign of the factor is independent on the conservation or non-conservation of relative humidity in the troposphere under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34711604,
year = {2021},
author = {Wise, J},
title = {The doctors getting arrested for climate change: a professional duty?.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {n2565},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.n2565},
pmid = {34711604},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid34711545,
year = {2021},
author = {Cameron, G and , },
title = {Less than half of the public believe the NHS has a responsibility to reduce its impact on climate change. Does it matter?.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {n2629},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.n2629},
pmid = {34711545},
issn = {1756-1833},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; *Public Opinion ; *Social Responsibility ; *State Medicine ; *Sustainable Development ; United Kingdom ; },
}
@article {pmid34710430,
year = {2021},
author = {Dong, H and Feng, Z and Yang, Y and Li, P and You, Z and Xiao, C},
title = {Sub-national climate change risk assessment: A case analysis for Tibet and its prefecture-level cities.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151045},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151045},
pmid = {34710430},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Avoiding climate change from exceeding its critical threshold is a serious challenge facing humanity at present and in the future. As the mode of global cooperative action is stranded, multi-center and multi-level efforts are needed to deal with global warming in the future. In order to provide information for the formulation of low-carbon development policies, it is essential to assess the maintain or cross of climate change threshold on different scales. In this study, the carbon footprint calculated based on the process coefficient approach is systematically integrated with the climate change indicator of the planetary boundaries framework improved with the goals of the Paris Agreement to identify the climate change risks of Tibet and its prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2017. Moreover, the main driving factors behind carbon footprint were analyzed. The findings showed that: (1) Since 2000, Tibet's CO2 emissions have demonstrated steady and rapid increase. The sector composition is dominated by cement production-related and transportation sector-related emissions. The type composition is dominated by diesel-related, process-related, and coal-related emissions. There are significant differences in CO2 emissions among all prefecture-level cities, with Lhasa having the largest contribution. (2) Except for Lhasa and Shannan's CO2 emissions that have crossed their critical threshold of climate change and are in an unsafe state, Tibet and other prefecture-level cities have not yet crossed their critical threshold. (3) Except for Ngari, per capita GDP, energy intensity, population size, and carbon intensity positively affect the increase of CO2 emissions in Tibet and its prefecture-level cities. Our study helps actors at less aggregated scales to determine appropriate policy strengths based on globally agreed goals and ambitions in the process of responding to global warming in a bottom-up manner.},
}
@article {pmid34707633,
year = {2021},
author = {Descamps, C and Quinet, M and Jacquemart, AL},
title = {Climate Change-Induced Stress Reduce Quantity and Alter Composition of Nectar and Pollen From a Bee-Pollinated Species (Borago officinalis, Boraginaceae).},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {755843},
pmid = {34707633},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {In temperate ecosystems, elevated temperatures, and drought occur especially during spring and summer, which are crucial periods for flowering, pollination, and reproduction of a majority of temperate plants. While many mechanisms may underlie pollinator decline in the wake of climate change, the interactive effects of temperature and water stress on the quantity and quality of floral nectar and pollen resources remain poorly studied. We investigated the impact of temperature rise (+3 and +6°C) and water stress (soil humidity lower than 15%) on the floral resources produced by the bee-pollinated species Borago officinalis. Nectar volume decreased with both temperature rise and water stress (6.1 ± 0.5 μl per flower under control conditions, 0.8 ± 0.1 μl per flower under high temperature and water stress conditions), resulting in a 60% decrease in the total quantity of nectar sugars (mg) produced per flower. Temperature rise but not water stress also induced a 50% decrease in pollen weight per flower but a 65% increase in pollen polypeptide concentration. Both temperature rise and water stress increased the total amino acid concentration and the essential amino acid percentage in nectar but not in pollen. In both pollen and nectar, the relative percentage of the different amino acids were modified under stresses. We discuss these modifications in floral resources in regards to plant-pollinator interactions and consequences on plant pollination success and on insect nutritional needs.},
}
@article {pmid34707210,
year = {2021},
author = {Cao, W and Wu, D and Huang, L and Pan, M and Huhe, T},
title = {Determinizing the contributions of human activities and climate change on greening in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {21201},
pmid = {34707210},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {China accounts for 25% of the global greening. There are temporal and spatial differences of China's greening and intrinsic driving forces. Thus, it is crucial to determinize the contributions of human activities and climate change on greening at region scale. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region (BTHR) is one of the most active areas with human activities in China. It is necessary to explore negative or positive impacts of human activities on the regional greening or browning under climate change. A time series of annual vegetation coverage from satellite data was selected to quantify regional greening in the BTHR from 2000 to 2019 and their responses to climate change and human activities. Results showed generally widespread greening over the last 20 years at an average increased rate of 0.036 decade-1 in vegetation coverage (P < 0.01). Overall warmer and wetter climate across the BTHR were positively correlated with regional greening. The positive effects of human activities on greening accounted for 48.4% of the BTHR, especially the benefits of ecological restoration projects and the agricultural activities. Increases in vegetation coverage had resulted from the combined effects of climate change and human activities. Climate change had a stronger influence on vegetation coverage than human activities. Contributions of climate change to greening and browning was about 74.1% and < 20%, respectively. The decrease in vegetation coverage was mainly the results of the inhibition of human activities. More detailed socioeconomic and anthropogenic datasets are required for further analysis. Further research consideration would focus on the nonlinear responses of vegetation to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34706138,
year = {2021},
author = {Grigoratou, M and Monteiro, FM and Wilson, JD and Ridgwell, A and Schmidt, DN},
title = {Exploring the impact of climate change on the global distribution of non-spinose planktonic foraminifera using a trait-based ecosystem model.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15964},
pmid = {34706138},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {OCE-1851866//National Science Foundation/ ; //Heising Simons Foundation/ ; ERC-2013-CoG617313//H2020 European Research Council/ ; NE/N011708/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NE/P019439/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; //Wolfson Merit Award/ ; },
abstract = {Planktonic foraminifera are one of the primary calcifiers in the modern ocean, contributing 23%-56% of total global pelagic carbonate production. However, a mechanistic understanding of how physiology and environmental conditions control their abundance and distribution is lacking, hindering the projection of the impact of future climate change. This understanding is important, not only for ecosystem dynamics, but also for marine carbon cycling because of foraminifera's key role in carbonate production. Here we present and apply a global trait-based ecosystem model of non-spinose planktonic foraminifera ('ForamEcoGEnIE') to assess their ecology and global distribution under future climate change. ForamEcoGEnIE considers the traits of calcium carbonate production, shell size, and foraging. It captures the main characteristic of biogeographical patterns of non-spinose species - with maximum biomass concentrations found in mid- to high-latitude waters and upwelling areas. The model also reproduces the magnitude of global carbonate production relatively well, although the foraminifera standing stock is systematically overestimated. In response to future scenarios of rising atmospheric CO2 (RCP6 and RCP8.5), on a regional scale, the modelled foraminifera biomass and export flux increases in the subpolar regions of the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean while it decreases everywhere else. In the absence of adaptation, the biomass decline in the low-latitude South Pacific suggests extirpation. The model projects a global average loss in non-spinose foraminifera biomass between 8% (RCP6) and 11% (RCP8.5) by 2050 and between 14% and 18% by 2100 as a response to ocean warming and associated changes in primary production and ecological dynamics. Global calcium carbonate flux associated with non-spinose foraminifera declines by 13%-18% by 2100. That decline can slow down the ocean carbonate pump and create short-term positive feedback on rising atmospheric pCO2 .},
}
@article {pmid34705913,
year = {2021},
author = {Korr, M},
title = {Frozen Obsession documentary follows URI team studying climate change in the Arctic.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {104},
number = {9},
pages = {67-69},
pmid = {34705913},
issn = {2327-2228},
}
@article {pmid34705912,
year = {2021},
author = {Varone, F and Binder, W},
title = {A Case of Heat Stroke in the Era of Climate Change.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {104},
number = {9},
pages = {63-66},
pmid = {34705912},
issn = {2327-2228},
}
@article {pmid34705910,
year = {2021},
author = {Baugh, J and Kemen, K and Messervy, J and Biddinger, P},
title = {Beyond the Hazard Vulnerability Analysis: Preparing Health Systems for Climate Change.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {104},
number = {9},
pages = {55-59},
pmid = {34705910},
issn = {2327-2228},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Delivery of Health Care ; *Disasters ; Floods ; Government Programs ; Humans ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Climate change is heightening both long-term adverse risks to human health and the immediate-term risk of injuries and illness following climate-related disaster events that are becoming more frequent and severe. In addition to its direct health effects, climate change poses new threats to the nation's health care infrastructure - with potential to negatively impact healthcare capacity amidst increasing demand - through risks of flooding, wind damage, heat stress, power outages, and other physical harm to facilities. The typical Hazard Vulnerability Analyses conducted annually by hospitals use historical data to assess risks; these analyses are likely now inadequate for future preparation due to the impact of climate change. This article describes one approach to how healthcare leaders can better assess both near-term and long-term risks due to climate change, to mitigate against unprecedented but foreseeable threats.<br><br>METHODS: In our large health system in the US Northeast, a process was undertaken to gather updated data and expert projections to forecast threats faced by each of our facilities in different climate-related disaster scenarios. Hazards examined in our setting included precipitation-based and coastal flooding events, heat waves, and high wind events, in addition to seismic events. Probabilities of occurrence and extents of different hazards were projected for the near term (2030) and the long term (2070). We then performed detailed vulnerability analyses for each facility with the predicted amount of rainfall, storm surge, heat stress, and windspeed, in collaboration with leaders at each facility. This was followed by a process to understand what would be needed to mitigate each vulnerability along with the associated costs. Ultimately, a cost/benefit analysis was performed - incorporating the relative likelihood and impact of different scenarios - to decide which improvement projects to embark on immediately, and what to defer and/or incorporate into future building plans.<br><br>RESULTS: In our system, all facilities were vulnerable to the effects of increased temperatures, and multiple hospitals were noted to be vulnerable to extreme precipitation, storm surge, and high winds. Specific damaging scenarios identified included flooding of basements and building infrastructure spaces, water entry through windows during high winds, and overheating of power systems during heat waves. Potential solutions included improved power redundancy for cooling systems, enhancements to roof and window systems, and the acquisition of deployable flood barriers. We identified four categories for prioritization of action based on projected impact: 1) priorities in need of urgent mitigation, 2) priorities in need of investigative study for medium-term mitigation, 3) priorities for planned capital improvement projects, and 4) priorities to integrate into new facility construction.<br><br>DISCUSSION: While the specific risks and vulnerabilities for each facility will differ according to its location and structural features, the approach we describe is broadly applicable. By forecasting specific risks, diagnosing vulnerabilities, developing potential solutions, and using a risk/benefit approach to decision making, hospitals can work toward protecting facilities and patients in the face of potential climate related natural disasters in an economically sound manner.},
}
@article {pmid34705909,
year = {2021},
author = {Dresser, C and Gentile, E and Lyons, R and Sullivan, K and Balsari, S},
title = {Climate Change and Health in New England: A Review of Training and Policy Initiatives at Health Education Institutions and Professional Societies.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {104},
number = {9},
pages = {49-54},
pmid = {34705909},
issn = {2327-2228},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Health Education ; Health Personnel/education ; Humans ; Policy ; *Societies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There has been increasing interest in climate change among healthcare professionals, but it is unclear to what extent resources on this topic are available to students and clinicians in New England.<br><br>METHODS: Structured review of publicly available information regarding climate change and health activity at schools of medicine, public health, and physician assistant studies and in state medical and physician assistant societies in New England.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 39 programs reviewed, 18 (46%) had at least one climate-related initiative. Six universities accounted for 87% of climate change and health initiatives in the region. Three out of 12 state professional associations had committees or position statements addressing climate change.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is substantial activity related to climate change and health in New England, but it is concentrated in a small number of locations. Opportunities exist to improve access to education on this topic and increase involvement of health professional associations.},
}
@article {pmid34705908,
year = {2021},
author = {Calabro, R and Hoffman, C},
title = {The Rhode Island Climate Change and Health Program: Building Knowledge and Community Resilience.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {104},
number = {9},
pages = {45-48},
pmid = {34705908},
issn = {2327-2228},
mesh = {Cities ; *Climate Change ; Housing ; Humans ; *Public Health ; Rhode Island ; },
abstract = {Climate change acts as a risk multiplier, meaning vulnerable populations bear a disproportionate burden of its effects. Improving climate resiliency is a key strategy to help the Rhode Island Department of Health meet its overarching goals of addressing the socio-economic and environmental determinants of health for all Rhode Islanders. The Climate Change and Health Program focuses on both the immediate health impacts of climate change and building resiliency. Part of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Climate Ready States and Cities Initiative, the Program has partnered with community groups and other state and local agencies to bring technical assistance, educational resources, and funding to support community resilience to the challenges presented by the already changing climate. Specific projects discussed include the extreme heat communications plan and outdoor worker campaign; community-driven resiliency projects in response to flooding and natural hazards, and improving resilience in senior citizen housing.},
}
@article {pmid34705904,
year = {2021},
author = {Ginsberg, HS and Couret, J and Garrett, J and Mather, TN and LeBrun, RA},
title = {Potential Effects of Climate Change on Tick-borne Diseases in Rhode Island.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {104},
number = {9},
pages = {29-33},
pmid = {34705904},
issn = {2327-2228},
mesh = {Anaplasmosis/epidemiology ; Animals ; Babesiosis/epidemiology ; Climate Change ; Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lyme Disease/epidemiology ; Rhode Island/epidemiology ; *Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology ; United States ; },
abstract = {Human cases of tick-borne diseases have been increasing in the United States. In particular, the incidence of Lyme disease, the major vector-borne disease in Rhode Island, has risen, along with cases of babesiosis and anaplasmosis, all vectored by the blacklegged tick. These increases might relate, in part, to climate change, although other environmental changes in the northeastern U.S. (land use as it relates to habitat; vertebrate host populations for tick reproduction and enzootic cycling) also contribute. Lone star ticks, formerly southern in distribution, have been spreading northward, including expanded distributions in Rhode Island. Illnesses associated with this species include ehrlichiosis and alpha-gal syndrome, which are expected to increase. Ranges of other tick species have also been expanding in southern New England, including the Gulf Coast tick and the introduced Asian longhorned tick. These ticks can carry human pathogens, but the implications for human disease in Rhode Island are unclear.},
}
@article {pmid34705899,
year = {2021},
author = {Damle, NS},
title = {Climate Change and Human Health.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {104},
number = {9},
pages = {11-12},
pmid = {34705899},
issn = {2327-2228},
}
@article {pmid34705898,
year = {2021},
author = {Binder, W},
title = {Climate Change and Health: A Special Edition of the Rhode Island Medical Journal.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {104},
number = {9},
pages = {9-10},
pmid = {34705898},
issn = {2327-2228},
}
@article {pmid34705748,
year = {2021},
author = {Pillai, P and Patz, JA and Seibert, CS},
title = {Climate Change and Environmental Health Must Be Integrated Into Medical Education.},
journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges},
volume = {96},
number = {11},
pages = {1501-1502},
doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000004238},
pmid = {34705748},
issn = {1938-808X},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Education, Medical ; Environmental Health ; Humans ; },
}
@article {pmid34705205,
year = {2021},
author = {Yasin, M and Ahmad, A and Khaliq, T and Habib-Ur-Rahman, M and Niaz, S and Gaiser, T and Ghafoor, I and Hassan, HSU and Qasim, M and Hoogenboom, G},
title = {Climate change impact uncertainty assessment and adaptations for sustainable maize production using multi-crop and climate models.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34705205},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Future climate scenarios are predicting considerable threats to sustainable maize production in arid and semi-arid regions. These adverse impacts can be minimized by adopting modern agricultural tools to assess and develop successful adaptation practices. A multi-model approach (climate and crop) was used to assess the impacts and uncertainties of climate change on maize crop. An extensive field study was conducted to explore the temporal thermal variations on maize hybrids grown at farmer's fields for ten sowing dates during two consecutive growing years. Data about phenology, morphology, biomass development, and yield were recorded by adopting standard procedures and protocols. The CSM-CERES, APSIM, and CSM-IXIM-Maize models were calibrated and evaluated. Five GCMs among 29 were selected based on classification into different groups and uncertainty to predict climatic changes in the future. The results predicted that there would be a rise in temperature (1.57-3.29 °C) during the maize growing season in five General Circulation Models (GCMs) by using RCP 8.5 scenarios for the mid-century (2040-2069) as compared with the baseline (1980-2015). The CERES-Maize and APSIM-Maize model showed lower root mean square error values (2.78 and 5.41), higher d-index (0.85 and 0.87) along reliable R2 (0.89 and 0.89), respectively for days to anthesis and maturity, while the CSM-IXIM-Maize model performed well for growth parameters (leaf area index, total dry matter) and yield with reasonably good statistical indices. The CSM-IXIM-Maize model performed well for all hybrids during both years whereas climate models, NorESM1-M and IPSL-CM5A-MR, showed less uncertain results for climate change impacts. Maize models along GCMs predicted a reduction in yield (8-55%) than baseline. Maize crop may face a high yield decline that could be overcome by modifying the sowing dates and fertilizer (fertigation) and heat and drought-tolerant hybrids.},
}
@article {pmid34704308,
year = {2021},
author = {Breiner, FT and Anand, M and Butchart, SHM and Flörke, M and Fluet-Chouinard, E and Guisan, A and Hilarides, L and Jones, VR and Kalyakin, M and Lehner, B and van Leeuwen, M and Pearce-Higgins, JW and Voltzit, O and Nagy, S},
title = {Setting priorities for climate change adaptation of Critical Sites in the Africa-Eurasian waterbird flyways.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15961},
pmid = {34704308},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {15-IV-053//International Climate Initiative/ ; },
abstract = {Despite their importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems globally. The conservation of many migratory waterbirds depends on the conservation of a network of key sites along their flyways. However, the suitability of these sites is changing under climate change, and it is important that management of individual sites in the network adapts to these changes. Using bioclimatic models that also account for changes in inundation, we found that projected climate change will reduce habitat suitability for waterbirds at 57.5% of existing Critical Sites within Africa-Eurasia, varying from 20.1% in Eastern Europe to 87.0% in Africa. African and Middle East sites are particularly threatened, comprising 71 of the 100 most vulnerable sites. By highlighting priority sites for conservation and classifying Critical Sites into Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (CCAS) classes, our results can be used to support the climate change adaptation of both individual sites and the entire site network.},
}
@article {pmid34704073,
year = {2021},
author = {Häußler, S and Haupt, W},
title = {Climate change adaptation networks for small and medium-sized cities.},
journal = {SN social sciences},
volume = {1},
number = {11},
pages = {262},
pmid = {34704073},
issn = {2662-9283},
abstract = {Cities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Many larger cities have identified the potential impacts of different climate change adaptation scenarios. However, their smaller and medium-sized counterparts are often not able to address climate risks effectively due to a lack of necessary resources. Since a large number of cities worldwide are indeed small and medium-sized, this lack of preparedness represents a crucial weakness in global response systems. A promising approach to tackling this issue is to establish regional municipal networks. Yet, how might a regional network for small and medium-sized cities be systematically designed and further developed? Focussing on the German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, we have explored this question by applying a participatory action research approach. As part of our research, we established a regional network framework for small and medium-sized cities. The framework supports small and medium-sized cities in identifying key regional actors, while taking local and regional contextual factors into account. Based on our findings, we suggest that other small and medium sized cities follow these steps: develop the knowledge base; build the network; and transfer and consolidate knowledge.},
}
@article {pmid34704037,
year = {2021},
author = {Goodess, C and Berk, S and Ratna, SB and Brousse, O and Davies, M and Heaviside, C and Moore, G and Pineo, H},
title = {Climate change projections for sustainable and healthy cities.},
journal = {Buildings &amp; cities},
volume = {2},
number = {},
pages = {812-836},
pmid = {34704037},
issn = {2632-6655},
support = {209387/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {The ambition to develop sustainable and healthy cities requires city-specific policy and practice founded on a multidisciplinary evidence base, including projections of human-induced climate change. A cascade of climate models of increasing complexity and resolution is reviewed, which provides the basis for constructing climate projections-from global climate models with a typical horizontal resolution of a few hundred kilometres, through regional climate models at 12-50 km to convection-permitting models at 1 km resolution that permit the representation of urban induced climates. Different approaches to modelling the urban heat island (UHI) are also reviewed-focusing on how climate model outputs can be adjusted and coupled with urban canopy models to better represent UHI intensity, its impacts and variability. The latter can be due to changes induced by urbanisation or to climate change itself. City interventions such as greater use of green infrastructure also have an effect on the UHI and can help to reduce adverse health impacts such as heat stress and the mortality associated with increasing heat. Examples for the Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health (CUSSH) partner cities of London, Rennes, Kisumu, Nairobi, Beijing and Ningbo illustrate how cities could potentially make use of more detailed models and projections to develop and evaluate policies and practices targeted at their specific environmental and health priorities.<br><br>Practice Relevance: Large-scale climate projections for the coming decades show robust trends in rising air temperatures, including more warm days and nights, and longer/more intense warm spells and heatwaves. This paper describes how more complex and higher resolution regional climate and urban canopy models can be combined with the aim of better understanding and quantifying how these larger scale patterns of change may be modified at the city or finer scale. These modifications may arise due to urbanisation and effects such as the UHI, as well as city interventions such as the greater use of grey and green infrastructures.There is potential danger in generalising from one city to another-under certain conditions some cities may experience an urban cool island, or little future intensification of the UHI, for example. City-specific, tailored climate projections combined with tailored health impact models contribute to an evidence base that supports built environment professionals, urban planners and policymakers to ensure designs for buildings and urban areas are fit for future climates.},
}
@article {pmid34704017,
year = {2021},
author = {Ranger, N and Mahul, O and Monasterolo, I},
title = {Managing the financial risks of climate change and pandemics: What we know (and don't know).},
journal = {One earth (Cambridge, Mass.)},
volume = {4},
number = {10},
pages = {1375-1385},
pmid = {34704017},
issn = {2590-3322},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is generating the largest shock in the global economy since 1929. Although the pandemic has been unprecedented in scale and type, such complex, compounding shocks are not uncommon and are more likely in our modern, interconnected world. Our ability to assess and anticipate compounding risks is limited. Here, we propose a framework for assessing the economic losses associated with compounding climate, economic, and pandemic shocks. We propose a new metric, the compound risk multiplier, to measure the scale of the amplification effect and find that this can peak at over 150%; that is, the GDP impacts of the compound shock can be 50% larger than the sum of the individual shocks. Our results suggest that ignoring compounding risks could be a major blindspot in our ability to prepare for future crises. This underlines the urgency of accounting for compounding shocks within financial, fiscal, and crisis risk management.},
}
@article {pmid34703067,
year = {2021},
author = {Pathak, M and Roy, J and Patel, S and Some, S and Vyas, P and Das, N and Shukla, P},
title = {Communicating climate change findings from IPCC reports: insights from outreach events in India.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {168},
number = {3-4},
pages = {23},
pmid = {34703067},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {In recent years, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been collaborating with Indian institutions to organise outreach events. This essay draws on the perspective of participants, speakers and organisers of 17 in-person outreach events conducted across India in 2018 and 2020, to share insights and recommendations for future IPCC events in India and other developing country contexts. The formats analysed in this essay range from panel events with very large public audiences to more focused workshops, meetings and seminars. Target audiences covered both academic and non-academic audiences and included researchers, teachers, students, industry and NGOs. The events, while achieving their main objective of communicating the findings of IPCC reports, also provided a platform for open discussion of localised climate impacts and good practices in adaptation and mitigation. There are, however, notable challenges to public outreach in India, specifically in terms of attracting an adequate number of participants, experts' availability, communicating to a diverse audience and translation into local languages. The biggest challenge faced by speakers was a lack of knowledge about the number of attendees and the composition of the audience prior to an event. It is our recommendation that future outreach events in India are designed to be interactive, tailored to the regional context and complemented by simplified communication materials. Speakers should be provided with audience information and background prior to the event, and greater reach into rural areas, including school children, could be achieved with material in local languages. Additionally, event organisers often require logistical and operational support to host outreach events.},
}
@article {pmid34702856,
year = {2021},
author = {Benedetti, F and Vogt, M and Elizondo, UH and Righetti, D and Zimmermann, NE and Gruber, N},
title = {Author Correction: Major restructuring of marine plankton assemblages under global warming.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {6256},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-26564-6},
pmid = {34702856},
issn = {2041-1723},
}
@article {pmid34699820,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, H and Hobbie, EA and Feng, P and Niu, L and Hu, K},
title = {Can conservation agriculture mitigate climate change and reduce environmental impacts for intensive cropping systems in North China Plain?.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {151194},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151194},
pmid = {34699820},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Determining appropriate farming management practices to adapt to climate change with lower environmental costs is important for sustainable agricultural production. In this study, a long-term experiment (1985-2019) was conducted under different management practices combining fertilization rate (no, low and high N fertilizer, N0, N1 and N2), straw additions (no, low and high addition, S0, S1 and S2) with conservation tillage (no-tillage, NT) in the North China Plain (NCP). The Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model was firstly evaluated using the experimental data, and then applied to simulate the changes of crop yields, soil organic carbon (SOC), and N2O emissions under different management practices combined with climate change scenarios, under low and high emission scenarios of societal development pathways (SSP245 and SSP585, respectively) with climate projections from 2031 to 2100. Under the low emission scenario (SSP245), wheat yields were the highest with the NT-N1-S2 treatment (a 23% increase relative to the baseline (1981-2010)). For maize yields, the NT-N1-S1 treatment increased 46% relative to baseline under the SSP585, whereas, the yields increased less in all treatments under SSP245-2040s. The SOC was predicted to increase by 6-60% by 2100 under SSP245. Straw addition and tillage were the main factors influencing SOC. N fertilizer was the most important driver for wheat and maize yields, however, N2O emissions from soil increased with increased application of N fertilizer. Therefore, the no-tillage method under low N fertilizer and high straw addition (NT-N1-S2) is recommended to promote crop yields and substantially increase SOC under SSP245 and SSP585. Conservation agriculture practices can potentially offset crop yield reductions, increase soil quality, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the NCP, and ensure crop production to meet the growing demand for food under future climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34699738,
year = {2021},
author = {Rodgers, EM},
title = {Adding climate change to the mix: responses of aquatic ectotherms to the combined effects of eutrophication and warming.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {20210442},
pmid = {34699738},
issn = {1744-957X},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Cyanobacteria ; Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {The threat of excessive nutrient enrichment, or eutrophication, is intensifying across the globe as climate change progresses, presenting a major management challenge. Alterations in precipitation patterns and increases in temperature are increasing nutrient loadings in aquatic habitats and creating conditions that promote the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms. The exacerbating effects of climate warming on eutrophication are well established, but we lack an in-depth understanding of how aquatic ectotherms respond to eutrophication and warming in tandem. Here, I provide a brief overview and critique of studies exploring the cumulative impacts of eutrophication and warming on aquatic ectotherms, and provide forward direction using mechanistically focused, multi-threat experiments to disentangle complex interactions. Evidence to date suggests that rapid warming will exacerbate the negative effects of eutrophication on aquatic ectotherms, but gradual warming will induce physiological remodelling that provides protection against nutrients and hypoxia. Moving forward, research will benefit from a greater focus on unveiling cause and effect mechanisms behind interactions and designing treatments that better mimic threat dynamics in nature. This approach will enable robust predictions of species responses to ongoing eutrophication and climate warming and enable the integration of climate warming into eutrophication management policies.},
}
@article {pmid34697705,
year = {2021},
author = {Afuye, GA and Kalumba, AM and Busayo, ET and Orimoloye, IR},
title = {A bibliometric review of vegetation response to climate change.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34697705},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Global assessment of vegetation response to climate change (VRCC) studies was conducted to reveal the research evolution, current research hotspots and better understanding of dominant themes in VRCC areas of research from 1992 to 2019 through the use of bibliometrics. A total of 186 articles with the search term "Vegetation response to Climate change" were retrieved using the Web of Science (WOS) database. The annual growth rate of 10.3% connotes that research on VRCC has been increasing over time during the survey period. Average citations per article experienced many fluctuations over the years rather than maintaining the same growth rate, which connotes that this field of research reached was unstable in terms of average total citation per document. Results show that China ranked first followed by the USA and the UK, and this shows the dominance of these countries on VRCC studies over the years in review. Results from corresponding authors' nationalities show that multiple-country publications are relatively low compared to articles from single-country publications which showed a dominant trend. Hence, we can infer that most studies on VRCC were sustained by single-country publications. Results from this study revealed top-cited articles, the top global distribution of documents, academic collaboration, most relevant keywords and Word TreeMap of high-frequency keywords. The findings of this study show that "temperature" is in a central position in all keywords with the largest significant appearance in the field. In conclusion, the findings from this study may be applicable for planning and managing vegetation and forest ecosystem research and provide hints for future development.},
}
@article {pmid34694628,
year = {2021},
author = {Giudice, LC and Llamas-Clark, EF and DeNicola, N and Pandipati, S and Zlatnik, MG and Decena, DCD and Woodruff, TJ and Conry, JA and , },
title = {Climate change, women's health, and the role of obstetricians and gynecologists in leadership.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {155},
number = {3},
pages = {345-356},
doi = {10.1002/ijgo.13958},
pmid = {34694628},
issn = {1879-3479},
support = {//FIGO Committee on Climate Change and Toxic Environmental Exposures/ ; //JPV Foundation/ ; //Passport Foundation/ ; //Tides Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Aged ; *Air Pollution/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; Female ; Humans ; Leadership ; Pregnancy ; Public Health ; Women's Health ; },
abstract = {Climate change is one of the major global health threats to the world's population. It is brought on by global warming due in large part to increasing levels of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity, including burning fossil fuels (carbon dioxide), animal husbandry (methane from manure), industry emissions (ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide), vehicle/factory exhaust, and chlorofluorocarbon aerosols that trap extra heat in the earth's atmosphere. Resulting extremes of weather give rise to wildfires, air pollution, changes in ecology, and floods. These in turn result in displacement of populations, family disruption, violence, and major impacts on water quality and availability, food security, public health and economic infrastructures, and limited abilities for civil society to maintain citizen safety. Climate change also has direct impacts on human health and well-being. Particularly vulnerable populations are affected, including women, pregnant women, children, the disabled, and the elderly, who comprise the majority of the poor globally. Additionally, the effects of climate change disproportionally affect disadvantaged communities, including low income and communities of color, and lower-income countries that are at highest risk of adverse impacts when disasters occur due to inequitable distribution of resources and their socioeconomic status. The climate crisis is tilting the risk balance unfavorably for women's sexual and reproductive health and rights as well as newborn and child health. Obstetrician/gynecologists have the unique opportunity to raise awareness, educate, and advocate for mitigation strategies to reverse climate change affecting our patients and their families. This article puts climate change in the context of women's reproductive health as a public health issue, a social justice issue, a human rights issue, an economic issue, a political issue, and a gender issue that needs our attention now for the health and well-being of this and future generations. FIGO joins a broad coalition of international researchers and the medical community in stating that the current climate crisis presents an imminent health risk to pregnant people, developing fetuses, and reproductive health, and recognizing that we need society-wide solutions, government policies, and global cooperation to address and reduce contributors, including fossil fuel production, to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34693643,
year = {2021},
author = {Simmonds, KE and Jenkins, J and White, B and Nicholas, PK and Bell, J},
title = {Health impacts of climate change on gender diverse populations: A scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jnu.12701},
pmid = {34693643},
issn = {1547-5069},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To determine what is known about climate change health effects for gender diverse (GD) populations, and identify gaps in research, practice, education, and policy.<br><br>DESIGN/METHODS: A scoping review was conducted.<br><br>FINDINGS: Twenty-seven information sources met inclusion criteria. Natural disasters and inadequate disaster relief responses were identified as an overarching health threat for GD populations. Within this theme, four sub-themes emerged. No other climate-related health impacts for GD populations were mentioned in the sources reviewed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There are major gaps in knowledge about health implications of climate change for GD populations. Gender-sensitive data must be collected in order to better understand these threats and detect disparities. Currently most practice and policy recommendations focus on disaster relief. More research on the broad effects of climate change on GD populations is urgently needed to inform practice and policy.<br><br>CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Climate change amplifies existing risks of adverse health outcomes. Because of discrimination, stigma, and violence, gender diverse individuals are particularly vulnerable.},
}
@article {pmid34693620,
year = {2021},
author = {Sun, X and Pei, J and Zhao, L and Ahmad, B and Huang, LF},
title = {Fighting climate change: soil bacteria communities and topography play a role in plant colonization of desert areas.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {23},
number = {11},
pages = {6876-6894},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.15799},
pmid = {34693620},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {7202135//Beijing Natural Scientific Foundation/ ; 82073960//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U1812403-1//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2018FY100701//National Science &amp; Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China/ ; SCMR20210//Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources/ ; 2021GZ2011003//Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources/ ; },
abstract = {Global warming has exacerbated desertification in arid regions. Exploring the environmental variables and microbial communities that drive the dynamics of geographic patterns of desert crops is important for large-scale standardization of crops that can control desertification. Here, predictions based on future climate data from CMIP6 show that a steady expand in the suitable production areas for three desert plants (Cistanche deserticola, Cynomorium songaricum and Cistanche salsa) under global warming, demonstrating their high adaptability to future climate change. We examined the biogeography of three desert plant soil bacteria communities and assessed the environmental factors affecting the community assembly process. The α-diversity significantly decreased along elevated latitudes, indicating that the soil bacterial communities of the three species have latitude diversity patterns. The neutral community model evaluated 66.6% of the explained variance of the bacterial community in the soil of desert plants and Modified Stochasticity Ratio <0.5, suggesting that deterministic processes dominate the assembly of bacterial communities in three desert plants. Moreover, topography (longitude, elevation) and precipitation as well as key OTUs (OTU4911: Streptomyces eurythermus and OTU4672: Streptomyces flaveus) drive the colonization of three desert plants. This research offers a promising solution for desert management in arid areas under global warming.},
}
@article {pmid34693334,
year = {2021},
author = {Akrofi, MM and Mahama, M and Nevo, CM},
title = {Nexus between the gendered socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and climate change: implications for pandemic recovery.},
journal = {SN social sciences},
volume = {1},
number = {8},
pages = {198},
pmid = {34693334},
issn = {2662-9283},
abstract = {Gender is a critical factor in how people respond to, and recover from major disruptions such as natural disasters or disease outbreaks. Climate-related disasters are known to pose-gender specific problems that disproportionately affect more women than men. Similarly, the COVID-19 pandemic's impacts along gender lines are enormous, with women being the worst-affected. Existing studies have drawn connections between COVID-19 and climate change, with most arguing that responses to the pandemic provide an opportunity to tackle climate change through emission reduction strategies as part of recovery efforts. We introduce a new dimension to this connection by demonstrating that though different phenomena, COVID-19 and climate change are not so dissimilar in terms of their gendered socioeconomic impacts. Through a systematic review of the available literature, we establish a nexus between these impacts, and examine how the gender responses to COVID-19 can be leveraged to address gender-related climate impacts. We find that social protection, labor market, economic, and violence against women measures adopted in response to the pandemic provide a good opportunity to address the gender impacts of climate change as well. However, current COVID-19 gender responses do not incorporate the interconnections between the gender impacts of the pandemic and climate change. Adopting a nexus approach could help to leverage COVID-19 responses to address the gendered socioeconomic impacts of both crises.},
}
@article {pmid34693329,
year = {2021},
author = {Chowdhury, MTA and Ahmed, KJ and Ahmed, MNQ and Haq, SMA},
title = {How do teachers' perceptions of climate change vary in terms of importance, causes, impacts and mitigation? A comparative study in Bangladesh.},
journal = {SN social sciences},
volume = {1},
number = {7},
pages = {174},
pmid = {34693329},
issn = {2662-9283},
abstract = {Since climate change education is an integral element in the increasingly urgent global approach to solving the problem of climate change, understanding perceptions of climate change among teachers in different academic institutions could play a significant role in how and to what extent institutions address the need to educate learners on this subject, specifically, and participate in other climate change mitigation strategies, in general. This study, therefore, examines teachers' perceptions of climate change regarding its significance, causes, consequences, and mitigation, through analysis of a self-administered structured questionnaire completed by 95 teachers from public and private educational institutions in the city of Sylhet in Bangladesh. Results from descriptive and inferential statistical analysis show that public and private school teachers have an understanding of climate change regarding its significance, causes, consequences, and mitigation. The results also reveal that the sociodemographic characteristics of teachers, as well as academic-related factors, influence their perceptions of climate change. This research concludes that teachers in public institutions have a greater awareness and understanding of climate change than those working in private schools. The research findings have broader implications for further research and policy recommendations and, in particular, draw the attention of the Departments of Education and Disaster Management in Bangladesh or in countries with similar contexts to introduce environmental and disaster education and training opportunities for teachers.},
}
@article {pmid34691731,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, F and Sanders, CJ and Santos, IR and Tang, J and Schuerch, M and Kirwan, ML and Kopp, RE and Zhu, K and Li, X and Yuan, J and Liu, W and Li, Z},
title = {Global blue carbon accumulation in tidal wetlands increases with climate change.},
journal = {National science review},
volume = {8},
number = {9},
pages = {nwaa296},
pmid = {34691731},
issn = {2053-714X},
abstract = {Coastal tidal wetlands produce and accumulate significant amounts of organic carbon (C) that help to mitigate climate change. However, previous data limitations have prevented a robust evaluation of the global rates and mechanisms driving C accumulation. Here, we go beyond recent soil C stock estimates to reveal global tidal wetland C accumulation and predict changes under relative sea level rise, temperature and precipitation. We use data from literature study sites and our new observations spanning wide latitudinal gradients and 20 countries. Globally, tidal wetlands accumulate 53.65 (95%CI: 48.52-59.01) Tg C yr-1, which is ∼30% of the organic C buried on the ocean floor. Modeling based on current climatic drivers and under projected emissions scenarios revealed a net increase in the global C accumulation by 2100. This rapid increase is driven by sea level rise in tidal marshes, and higher temperature and precipitation in mangroves. Countries with large areas of coastal wetlands, like Indonesia and Mexico, are more susceptible to tidal wetland C losses under climate change, while regions such as Australia, Brazil, the USA and China will experience a significant C accumulation increase under all projected scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid34691719,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu 刘刚, G and Qu 曲久辉, J and van Loosdrecht, M},
title = {'Blue Route' for combating climate change.},
journal = {National science review},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {nwab099},
pmid = {34691719},
issn = {2053-714X},
abstract = {Today's urban water system can be transformed, without big modifications, into a natural and revolutionary "Blue Route" for combating climate change and constructing carbon neutral city, which will lead to self-sustainability of the water sector and supply energy and resources to other sectors.},
}
@article {pmid34691367,
year = {2021},
author = {Chapungu, L and Nhamo, G},
title = {Interfacing vector-borne disease dynamics with climate change: Implications for the attainment of SDGs in Masvingo city, Zimbabwe.},
journal = {Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa)},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {1175},
pmid = {34691367},
issn = {1996-1421},
abstract = {This study used a mixed-methods research design to examine the sensitivity of vector-borne disease (VBD) patterns to the changes in rainfall and temperature trends. The research focused on malaria in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. The study interfaced the climate action, health and sustainable cities and communities with sustainable development goals (SDGs). Historical climate and epidemiological data were used to compute the correlations and determine the possible modifications of disease patterns. Clustered random and chain-referral sampling approaches were used to select study sites and respondents. Primary data were gathered through a questionnaire survey (n = 191), interviews and focus group discussions, with Mann-Kendal trend tests performed using XLSTAT 2020. The results show a positive correlation between malaria prevalence rates and temperature-related variables. A decline in precipitation-related variables, specifically mean monthly precipitation (MMP), was associated with an increase in malaria prevalence. These observations were confirmed by the views of the respondents, which show that climate change has a bearing on malaria spatial and temporal dynamics in Masvingo Province. The study concludes that climate change plays a contributory role in VBD dynamics, thereby impeding the attainment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, especially SDG 3, which deals with health. The study recommends further research into appropriate adaptation mechanisms to increase the resilience of rural and urban communities against the negative transmutations associated with weather and climatic pressures.},
}
@article {pmid34691366,
year = {2021},
author = {Nzama, AT},
title = {Tackling climate change through craft development: The case of rural women in uPhongolo Local Municipality.},
journal = {Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa)},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {1140},
pmid = {34691366},
issn = {1996-1421},
abstract = {Climate change is a global phenomenon that is affecting all humanity. Bearing the harshest brunt of environmental, social and economic shocks are the world's poorest and those in vulnerable conditions such as women in rural areas. Rural areas have experienced a decline in the dependence on agriculture and livestock farming because of climate change, thus forcing people especially women to look for alternative sources of sustainable livelihoods (SLs). The objective of this study was to establish the extent to which craft development can be used as an alternative livelihood by women in uPhongolo Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal to mitigate the effects of climate change. This study adopted a SL theoretical framework to explain how women in the study area used craft development to improve their livelihoods. A survey method was adopted for this study using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Non-probability sampling strategy using a purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 women crafters from uPhongolo Local Municipality. Face-to-face interviews using questionnaires, which had both closed and open-ended questions, were conducted. These allowed for the collection of numeric data and simultaneously allowed respondents to express themselves and elaborate on the structured questions. The Software Programme for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse quantitative data that had been generated using structured interviews and categorised qualitative data. The findings indicated that innovative entrepreneurship using natural capital readily available in the area for craft development and linking the products to the market play a significant role in improving SLs of women in the study area. The study recommends that capacity-building programmes be provided to equip rural women with skills that would enhance their ability to respond to natural hazards such as climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34691093,
year = {2021},
author = {Ahmed, S and Brinkley, S and Smith, E and Sela, A and Theisen, M and Thibodeau, C and Warne, T and Anderson, E and Van Dusen, N and Giuliano, P and Ionescu, KE and Cash, SB},
title = {Climate Change and Coffee Quality: Systematic Review on the Effects of Environmental and Management Variation on Secondary Metabolites and Sensory Attributes of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {708013},
pmid = {34691093},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Climate change is impacting crop performance and agricultural systems around the world with implications for farmers and consumers. We carried out a systematic review to synthesize evidence regarding the effects of environmental factors associated with climate change and management conditions associated with climate adaptation on the crop quality of a culturally-relevant perennial crop, coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora). Seventy-three articles were identified that addressed the study's research question including 42 articles on environmental factors, 20 articles on management conditions, and 11 articles on both. While variation was found between studies, findings highlight that coffee quality is vulnerable to changes in light exposure, altitude, water stress, temperature, carbon dioxide, and nutrient management. Both increases as well as decreases were found in secondary metabolites and sensory attributes that determine coffee quality in response to shifts in environmental and management conditions. The most consistent evidence identified through this systematic review includes the following two trends: (1) increased altitude is associated with improved sensory attributes of coffee and; (2) increased light exposure is associated with decreased sensory attributes of coffee. Research gaps were found regarding the effects of shifts in carbon dioxide, water stress, and temperature on the directionality (increase, decrease, or non-linear) of coffee quality and how this varies with location, elevation, and management conditions. This systematic review further identified the following research needs: (1) long-term studies that examine the interactive effects of multiple environmental factors and management conditions on coffee quality; (2) studies that examine the interaction between sensory attributes and secondary metabolites that determine coffee quality and; (3) studies on the feasibility of various climate-adaptation strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change on coffee quality. Evidence-based innovations are needed to mitigate climate impacts on coffee quality toward enhanced sustainability and resilience of the coffee sector from farm to cup.},
}
@article {pmid34690449,
year = {2021},
author = {Cowls, J and Tsamados, A and Taddeo, M and Floridi, L},
title = {The AI gambit: leveraging artificial intelligence to combat climate change-opportunities, challenges, and recommendations.},
journal = {AI &amp; society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
pmid = {34690449},
issn = {0951-5666},
abstract = {In this article, we analyse the role that artificial intelligence (AI) could play, and is playing, to combat global climate change. We identify two crucial opportunities that AI offers in this domain: it can help improve and expand current understanding of climate change, and it can contribute to combatting the climate crisis effectively. However, the development of AI also raises two sets of problems when considering climate change: the possible exacerbation of social and ethical challenges already associated with AI, and the contribution to climate change of the greenhouse gases emitted by training data and computation-intensive AI systems. We assess the carbon footprint of AI research, and the factors that influence AI's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in this domain. We find that the carbon footprint of AI research may be significant and highlight the need for more evidence concerning the trade-off between the GHG emissions generated by AI research and the energy and resource efficiency gains that AI can offer. In light of our analysis, we argue that leveraging the opportunities offered by AI for global climate change whilst limiting its risks is a gambit which requires responsive, evidence-based, and effective governance to become a winning strategy. We conclude by identifying the European Union as being especially well-placed to play a leading role in this policy response and provide 13 recommendations that are designed to identify and harness the opportunities of AI for combatting climate change, while reducing its impact on the environment.},
}
@article {pmid34690385,
year = {2021},
author = {Schipper, ELF and Dubash, NK and Mulugetta, Y},
title = {Climate change research and the search for solutions: rethinking interdisciplinarity.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {168},
number = {3-4},
pages = {18},
pmid = {34690385},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {Growing political pressure to find solutions to climate change is leading to increasing calls for multiple disciplines, in particular those that are not traditionally part of climate change research, to contribute new knowledge systems that can offer deeper and broader insights to address the problem. Recognition of the complexity of climate change compels researchers to draw on interdisciplinary knowledge that marries natural sciences with social sciences and humanities. Yet most interdisciplinary approaches fail to adequately merge the framings of the disparate disciplines, resulting in reductionist messages that are largely devoid of context, and hence provide incomplete and misleading analysis for decision-making. For different knowledge systems to work better together toward climate solutions, we need to reframe the way questions are asked and research pursued, in order to inform action without slipping into reductionism. We suggest that interdisciplinarity needs to be rethought. This will require accepting a plurality of narratives, embracing multiple disciplinary perspectives, and shifting expectations of public messaging, and above all looking to integrate the appropriate disciplines that can help understand human systems in order to better mediate action.},
}
@article {pmid34690100,
year = {2021},
author = {Renaudeau, D and Dourmad, JY},
title = {Review: Future consequences of climate change for European Union pig production.},
journal = {Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100372},
doi = {10.1016/j.animal.2021.100372},
pmid = {34690100},
issn = {1751-732X},
abstract = {Climate change is already a reality for livestock production. In contrast to the ruminant species, little is known about the impacts and the vulnerability of pig European Union (EU) sector to climate warming. This review deals with the potential and the already measurable effects of climate change in pig production. Based on evidences published in the literature, climate change may reduce EU pig productivity by indirectly reducing the availability of crops usually used in pig feeding, spreading the vector or pathogen to new locations and increasing the risk of exposure to cereals contaminated with mycotoxins; and directly mainly by inducing heat stress and increasing the animal's susceptibility to various diseases. Provision of realistic projections of possible impacts of future climate changes on EU pig sector is a prerequisite to evaluate its vulnerability and propose effective adaptation strategies. Simulation modelling approach is the most commonly used approach for exploring the effects of medium or long-term climate change/variability in pig production. One of the main challenges for this modelling approach is to account for both direct and indirect possible effects but also to uncertainties in parameter values that substantially increase the uncertainty estimates for model projections. The last part of the paper focus on the main issues that still need to be overcome for developing a decision support tools for simulating the direct and indirect effect of climate change in pig farms.},
}
@article {pmid34689746,
year = {2021},
author = {Song, K and Gao, B and Halvarsson, P and Fang, Y and Klaus, S and Jiang, YX and Swenson, JE and Sun, YH and Höglund, J},
title = {Demographic history and divergence of sibling grouse species inferred from whole genome sequencing reveal past effects of climate change.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {194},
pmid = {34689746},
issn = {2730-7182},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; *Galliformes/genetics ; Humans ; Population Density ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The boreal forest is one of the largest biomes on earth, supporting thousands of species. The global climate fluctuations in the Quaternary, especially the ice ages, had a significant influence on the distribution of boreal forest, as well as the divergence and evolution of species inhabiting this biome. To understand the possible effects of on-going and future climate change it would be useful to reconstruct past population size changes and relate such to climatic events in the past. We sequenced the genomes of 32 individuals from two forest inhabiting bird species, Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) and Chinese Grouse (T. sewerzowi) and three representatives of two outgroup species from Europe and China.<br><br>RESULTS: We estimated the divergence time of Chinese Grouse and Hazel Grouse to 1.76 (0.46-3.37) MYA. The demographic history of different populations in these two sibling species was reconstructed, and showed that peaks and bottlenecks of effective population size occurred at different times for the two species. The northern Qilian population of Chinese Grouse became separated from the rest of the species residing in the south approximately 250,000 years ago and have since then showed consistently lower effective population size than the southern population. The Chinese Hazel Grouse population had a higher effective population size at the peak of the Last Glacial Period (approx. 300,000 years ago) than the European population. Both species have decreased recently and now have low effective population sizes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Combined with the uplift history and reconstructed climate change during the Quaternary, our results support that cold-adapted grouse species diverged in response to changes in the distribution of palaeo-boreal forest and the formation of the Loess Plateau. The combined effects of climate change and an increased human pressure impose major threats to the survival and conservation of both species.},
}
@article {pmid34689389,
year = {2021},
author = {Rogers, A and Serbin, SP and Way, DA},
title = {Reducing model uncertainty of climate change impacts on high latitude carbon assimilation.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15958},
pmid = {34689389},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //United States Department of Energy/ ; },
abstract = {The Arctic-Boreal Region (ABR) has a large impact on global vegetation-atmosphere interactions and is experiencing markedly greater warming than the rest of the planet, a trend that is projected to continue with anticipated future emissions of CO2 . The ABR is a significant source of uncertainty in estimates of carbon uptake in terrestrial biosphere models such that reducing this uncertainty is critical for more accurately estimating global carbon cycling and understanding the response of the region to global change. Process representation and parameterization associated with gross primary productivity (GPP) drives a large amount of this model uncertainty, particularly within the next 50 years, where the response of existing vegetation to climate change will dominate estimates of GPP for the region. Here we review our current understanding and model representation of GPP in northern latitudes, focusing on vegetation composition, phenology, and physiology, and consider how climate change alters these three components. We highlight challenges in the ABR for predicting GPP, but also focus on the unique opportunities for advancing knowledge and model representation, particularly through the combination of remote sensing and traditional boots-on-the-ground science.},
}
@article {pmid34688774,
year = {2021},
author = {Pacheco, SE and Guidos-Fogelbach, G and Annesi-Maesano, I and Pawankar, R and D' Amato, G and Latour-Staffeld, P and Urrutia-Pereira, M and Kesic, MJ and Hernandez, ML and , },
title = {Climate change and global issues in allergy and immunology.},
journal = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology},
volume = {148},
number = {6},
pages = {1366-1377},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.011},
pmid = {34688774},
issn = {1097-6825},
abstract = {The steady increase in global temperatures, resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels and the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), continues to destabilize all ecosystems worldwide. Although annual emissions must be halved by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050 to limit some of the most catastrophic impacts associated with a warming planet, the world's efforts to curb GHG emissions fall short of the commitments made in the 2015 Paris Agreement. To this effect, July 2021 was recently declared the hottest month ever recorded in 142 years. The ramifications of these changes for global temperatures are complex and further promote outdoor air pollution, pollen exposure, and extreme weather events. Besides worsening respiratory health, air pollution promotes atopy and susceptibility to infections. The effects of GHGs on pollen affect the frequency and severity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Changes in temperature, air pollution, and extreme weather events exert adverse multisystemic health effects and disproportionally affect disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. This review article is an update for allergists and immunologists about the health impacts of climate change that are already evident in our daily practices. It is also a call to action and advocacy, including to integrate climate change-related mitigation, education, and adaptation measures to protect our patients and avert further injury to our planet.},
}
@article {pmid34687662,
year = {2021},
author = {Romanello, M and McGushin, A and Di Napoli, C and Drummond, P and Hughes, N and Jamart, L and Kennard, H and Lampard, P and Solano Rodriguez, B and Arnell, N and Ayeb-Karlsson, S and Belesova, K and Cai, W and Campbell-Lendrum, D and Capstick, S and Chambers, J and Chu, L and Ciampi, L and Dalin, C and Dasandi, N and Dasgupta, S and Davies, M and Dominguez-Salas, P and Dubrow, R and Ebi, KL and Eckelman, M and Ekins, P and Escobar, LE and Georgeson, L and Grace, D and Graham, H and Gunther, SH and Hartinger, S and He, K and Heaviside, C and Hess, J and Hsu, SC and Jankin, S and Jimenez, MP and Kelman, I and Kiesewetter, G and Kinney, PL and Kjellstrom, T and Kniveton, D and Lee, JKW and Lemke, B and Liu, Y and Liu, Z and Lott, M and Lowe, R and Martinez-Urtaza, J and Maslin, M and McAllister, L and McMichael, C and Mi, Z and Milner, J and Minor, K and Mohajeri, N and Moradi-Lakeh, M and Morrissey, K and Munzert, S and Murray, KA and Neville, T and Nilsson, M and Obradovich, N and Sewe, MO and Oreszczyn, T and Otto, M and Owfi, F and Pearman, O and Pencheon, D and Rabbaniha, M and Robinson, E and Rocklöv, J and Salas, RN and Semenza, JC and Sherman, J and Shi, L and Springmann, M and Tabatabaei, M and Taylor, J and Trinanes, J and Shumake-Guillemot, J and Vu, B and Wagner, F and Wilkinson, P and Winning, M and Yglesias, M and Zhang, S and Gong, P and Montgomery, H and Costello, A and Hamilton, I},
title = {The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {398},
number = {10311},
pages = {1619-1662},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6},
pmid = {34687662},
issn = {1474-547X},
}
@article {pmid34686845,
year = {2021},
author = {Schiermeier, Q},
title = {Climate change: Nature readers say their fears are growing.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {598},
number = {7882},
pages = {551},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02862-3},
pmid = {34686845},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34685889,
year = {2021},
author = {Wen, W and Li, Z and Shao, J and Tang, Y and Zhao, Z and Yang, J and Ding, M and Zhu, X and Zhou, M},
title = {The Distribution and Sustainable Utilization of Buckwheat Resources under Climate Change in China.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {34685889},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2019YFD1001300//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2019YFD1001303//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 31871536//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 771367//Horizon 2020/ ; },
abstract = {Buckwheat is a promising pseudo cereal and its cultivation history can be traced back to thousands of years ago in China. Nowadays, buckwheat is not only an ordinary crop but also a symbol of healthy life because of its rich nutritional and pharmacological properties. In this research, the current suitable areas of 19 wild buckwheat species were analyzed by the MaxEnt model, which proved that southwestern China was the diversity center of buckwheat. Their morphological characteristics and geographical distribution were analyzed for the first time. In addition, it was found that the change of buckwheat cultivation in three periods might be related to the green revolution of main crops and national policies. Meanwhile, the Sustainable Yield Index (SYI) value of buckwheat in China was the lowest from 1959 to 2016. Through the MaxEnt model, the potentially suitable areas of wild buckwheat would contract while cultivated buckwheat would expand under climate change. Accordingly, the diversity of wild buckwheat will decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to protect buckwheat resources as much as possible to strengthen the development and utilization of buckwheat resources. Moreover, the promotion of buckwheat diversity will be an important trade-off between food security, population growth, and land use under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34682662,
year = {2021},
author = {Arpin, E and Gauffin, K and Kerr, M and Hjern, A and Mashford-Pringle, A and Barros, A and Rajmil, L and Choonara, I and Spencer, N},
title = {Climate Change and Child Health Inequality: A Review of Reviews.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {34682662},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Child ; Child Health ; *Climate Change ; *Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Income ; Poverty ; },
abstract = {There is growing evidence on the observed and expected consequences of climate change on population health worldwide. There is limited understanding of its consequences for child health inequalities, between and within countries. To examine these consequences and categorize the state of knowledge in this area, we conducted a review of reviews indexed in five databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts). Reviews that reported the effect of climate change on child health inequalities between low- and high-income children, within or between countries (high- vs low-middle-income countries; HICs and LMICs), were included. Twenty-three reviews, published between 2007 and January 2021, were included for full-text analyses. Using thematic synthesis, we identified strong descriptive, but limited quantitative, evidence that climate change exacerbates child health inequalities. Explanatory mechanisms relating climate change to child health inequalities were proposed in some reviews; for example, children in LMICs are more susceptible to the consequences of climate change than children in HICs due to limited structural and economic resources. Geographic and intergenerational inequalities emerged as additional themes from the review. Further research with an equity focus should address the effects of climate change on adolescents/youth, mental health and inequalities within countries.},
}
@article {pmid34682517,
year = {2021},
author = {Faisal, M and Abbas, A and Cai, Y and Ali, A and Shahzad, MA and Akhtar, S and Haseeb Raza, M and Ajmal, MA and Xia, C and Sattar, SA and Batool, Z},
title = {Perceptions, Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies for Mitigating Climate Change Effects among Small Livestock Herders in Punjab, Pakistan.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {34682517},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; *Livestock ; Pakistan ; Perception ; },
abstract = {Pakistan is an agrarian nation that is among the most vulnerable countries to climatic variations. Around 20% of its GDP is produced by agriculture, and livestock-related production contributes more than half of this value. However, few empirical studies have been conducted to determine the vulnerability and knowledge of livestock herders, and particularly the smaller herders. Comprehending individual perceptions of and vulnerabilities to climate change (CC) will enable effective formulation of CC mitigation strategies. This study intended to explore individual perceptions of and vulnerabilities to CC based on a primary dataset of 405 small livestock herders from three agro-ecological zones of Punjab. The results showed that livestock herders' perceptions about temperature and rainfall variations/patterns coincide with the meteorological information of the study locations. The vulnerability indicators show that Dera Ghazi Khan district is more vulnerable than the other two zones because of high exposure and sensitivity to CC, and lower adaptive capacity. However, all zones experience regular livelihood risks due to livestock diseases and deaths resulting from extreme climatic conditions, lower economic status, and constrained institutional and human resource capabilities, thus leading to increased vulnerability. The results indicate that low-cost local approaches are needed, such as provision of improved veterinary services, increased availability of basic equipment, small-scale infrastructure projects, and reinforcement of informal social safety nets. These measures would support cost-effective and sustainable decisions to enable subsistence livestock herders to adopt climate smart practices.},
}
@article {pmid34682350,
year = {2021},
author = {Alhothali, GT and Almoraie, NM and Shatwan, IM and Aljefree, NM},
title = {Sociodemographic Characteristics and Dietary Choices as Determinants of Climate Change Understanding and Concern in Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {34682350},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Diet ; Humans ; Male ; Saudi Arabia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {Climate change poses a global threat to public health. This study investigated the understanding of, and concern over, climate change in Saudi Arabia and examined the associations with sociodemographic characteristics and dietary choices. This cross-sectional study consisted of 280 participants recruited via an online survey. Of the study participants, 45% demonstrated a sufficient understanding of climate change, and 56% were highly concerned about climate change. Male sex, medium-high monthly income, high education, and governmental employees were determinants of sufficient understanding of and great concern over climate change. Participants who exhibited a high understanding of climate change score demonstrated significantly higher consumption of vegetables (3.47 ± 0.98) and vegetable oils (3.26 ± 1.07) than participants with a low understanding score (3.31 ± 0.96 and 3.00 ± 1.01, respectively) (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, participants with higher concern of climate change scores exhibited lower consumption of red meat (p = 0.0001), poultry (p = 0.003), margarine (p = 0.02), and soy products (p = 0.04). The study revealed a poor understanding of, but great concern over, climate change. The intake of non-climate-friendly food was typically higher than that of climate-friendly food. These findings are critical for developing strategies to enhance awareness of climate change and encourage people to consume climate-friendly food to mitigate climate change and improve public health.},
}
@article {pmid34681390,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, W and Chen, Y and He, X and Mao, P and Tian, H},
title = {Is Current Research on How Climate Change Impacts Global Food Security Really Objective?.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {34681390},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {XAB2018b02, SHLY-2018-1//Western Light Talent Culture Project B, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shaanxi Province Talents Special Support Plan, Shaanxi Province/ ; 42041005//The National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Global food insecurity is becoming more severe under the threat of rising global carbon dioxide concentrations, increasing population, and shrinking farmlands and their degeneration. We acquired the ISI Web of Science platform for over 31 years (1988-2018) to review the research on how climate change impacts global food security, and then performed cluster analysis and research hotspot analysis with VosViewer software. We found there were two drawbacks that exist in the current research. Firstly, current field research data were defective because they were collected from various facilities and were hard to integrate. The other drawback is the representativeness of field research site selection as most studies were carried out in developed countries and very few in developing countries. Therefore, more attention should be paid to developing countries, especially some African and Asian countries. At the same time, new modified mathematical models should be utilized to process and integrate the data from various facilities and regions. Finally, we suggested that governments and organizations across the world should be united to wrestle with the impact of climate change on food security.},
}
@article {pmid34681097,
year = {2021},
author = {Li, C and Gao, Y and Chang, N and Ma, D and Zhou, R and Zhao, Z and Wang, J and Zhang, Q and Liu, Q},
title = {Risk Assessment of Anopheles philippinensis and Anopheles nivipes (Diptera: Culicidae) Invading China under Climate Change.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {10},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {34681097},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2020YFC1200101//Qiyong Liu/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anopheles philippinensis and Anopheles nivipes are morphologically similar and are considered to be effective vectors of malaria transmission in northeastern India. Environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall have a significant impact on the temporal and spatial distribution of disease vectors driven by future climate change.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we used the maximum entropy model to predict the potential global distribution of the two mosquito species in the near future and the trend of future distribution in China. Based on the contribution rate of environmental factors, we analyzed the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of the two mosquito species. We also constructed a disease vector risk assessment index system to calculate the comprehensive risk value of the invasive species.<br><br>RESULTS: Precipitation has a significant effect on the distribution of potentially suitable areas for Anopheles philippinensis and Anopheles nivipes. The two mosquito species may spread in the suitable areas of China in the future. The results of the risk assessment index system showed that the two mosquito species belong to the moderate invasion risk level for China.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: China should improve the mosquito vector monitoring system, formulate scientific prevention and control strategies and strictly prevent foreign imports.},
}
@article {pmid34680709,
year = {2021},
author = {Ajayi, OS and Samuel-Foo, M},
title = {Hemp Pest Spectrum and Potential Relationship between Helicoverpa zea Infestation and Hemp Production in the United States in the Face of Climate Change.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {34680709},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {There has been a resurgence in the cultivation of industrial hemp, Cannabis sativa L., in the United States since its recent legalization. This may facilitate increased populations of arthropods associated with the plant. Hemp pests target highly marketable parts of the plant, such as flowers, stalks, and leaves, which ultimately results in a decline in the quality. Industrial hemp can be used for several purposes including production of fiber, grain, and cannabidiol. Thus, proper management of pests is essential to achieve a substantial yield of hemp in the face of climate change. In this review, we provide updates on various arthropods associated with industrial hemp in the United States and examine the potential impact of climate change on corn earworm (CEW) Helicoverpa zea Boddie, a major hemp pest. For example, temperature and photoperiod affect the development and diapause process in CEW. Additionally, drought can lead to a reduction in hemp growth. Host plant diversity of CEW may prevent populations of the pest from reaching outbreak levels. It is suggested that hemp varieties resistant to drought, high soil salinity, cold, heat, humidity, and common pests and diseases should be selected. Ongoing research on effective management of CEW in hemp is critical.},
}
@article {pmid34679854,
year = {2021},
author = {Passamonti, MM and Somenzi, E and Barbato, M and Chillemi, G and Colli, L and Joost, S and Milanesi, M and Negrini, R and Santini, M and Vajana, E and Williams, JL and Ajmone-Marsan, P},
title = {The Quest for Genes Involved in Adaptation to Climate Change in Ruminant Livestock.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {34679854},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {INEA/CEF/ICT/A2018/1815462//Connecting European Facility (CEF) Telecommunications/ ; INEA/CEF/ICT/A2020/2373580//Connecting European Facility (CEF) Telecommunications/ ; 677353//European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme/ ; 2012//European Union's Horizon 2020 Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area Programme (PRIMA/ ; Project "Landscape 4.0 - food, wellbeing and environment"//Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research/ ; Livestock Environment Opendata, 16.2 - PSRN 2014-2020//Fondo Europeo Agricolo per lo Sviluppo Rurale (FEASR)./ ; },
abstract = {Livestock radiated out from domestication centres to most regions of the world, gradually adapting to diverse environments, from very hot to sub-zero temperatures and from wet and humid conditions to deserts. The climate is changing; generally global temperature is increasing, although there are also more extreme cold periods, storms, and higher solar radiation. These changes impact livestock welfare and productivity. This review describes advances in the methodology for studying livestock genomes and the impact of the environment on animal production, giving examples of discoveries made. Sequencing livestock genomes has facilitated genome-wide association studies to localize genes controlling many traits, and population genetics has identified genomic regions under selection or introgressed from one breed into another to improve production or facilitate adaptation. Landscape genomics, which combines global positioning and genomics, has identified genomic features that enable animals to adapt to local environments. Combining the advances in genomics and methods for predicting changes in climate is generating an explosion of data which calls for innovations in the way big data sets are treated. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are now being used to study the interactions between the genome and the environment to identify historic effects on the genome and to model future scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid34679193,
year = {2021},
author = {Layton, KKS and Bradbury, IR},
title = {Harnessing the power of multi-omics data for predicting climate change response.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13619},
pmid = {34679193},
issn = {1365-2656},
abstract = {Predicting how species will respond to future climate change is of central importance in the midst of the global biodiversity crisis, and recent work has demonstrated the utility of population genomics for improving these predictions. Here, we suggest a broadening of the approach to include other types of genomic variants that play an important role in adaptation, like structural (e.g. copy number variants) and epigenetic variants (e.g. DNA methylation). These data could provide additional power for forecasting response, especially in weakly structured or panmictic species. Incorporating structural and epigenetic variation into estimates of climate change vulnerability, or maladaptation, may not only improve prediction power but also provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning species' response to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34679129,
year = {2021},
author = {Ferreira, MR and Almeida, AM and Quintela-Sabarís, C and Roque, N and Fernandez, P and Ribeiro, MM},
title = {The role of littoral cliffs in the niche delimitation on a microendemic plant facing climate change.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e0258976},
pmid = {34679129},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Obligate coastline taxa generally occupy very limited areas, especially when there is a close affinity with a specific coast type. Climate change can be a meaningful threat for them, reducing suitable habitat or forcing migration events. Cistus ladanifer subsp. sulcatus is an endemic plant of Portugal, known to occur only in the top of its south-western coast's prominent cliffs. In spite of being included in the annexes II and IV of the European Habitats Directive of Natura 2000 Network, this taxon is still understudied, especially regarding the effects of climate change on its distribution. To overcome such gap, Maxent was used to model the current distribution of C. ladanifer subsp. sulcatus and project its future distribution considering different General Circulation Models, periods (2050 and 2070) and Representation Concentration Pathways (4.5 and 8.5). The results suggested an extensive range contraction in the future, and extinction is a possible scenario. The proximity to littoral cliffs is crucial for this plant's occurrence, but these formations are irregularly distributed along the coast, hindering range expansions, further inhibited by a small dispersal capacity. Cistus ladanifer subsp. sulcatus will probably remain confined to south-western Portugal in the future, where it will continue to face relevant threats like human activity, reinforcing the need for its conservation.},
}
@article {pmid34676735,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, YF and Wang, YL and Huang, R and Liang, EY},
title = {[Effects of biotic interactions on ecological processes of treeline ecotone under climate change].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {3724-3732},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202110.006},
pmid = {34676735},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Trees ; },
abstract = {Treeline ecotone is an alpine ecological transition zone characterized by strong biotic interactions, which are closely related to treeline ecological processes. Herein, we reviewed the research progress regarding the impacts of plant-plant, plant-animal, and plant-microbe interactions on the ecological processes of treeline ecotone under climate change. Both facilitation and competition among individual plants are important factors mediating dynamics of treeline processes under climate change. However, there is a dearth of dendroecological evidence. Impacts of higher-order interactions on the ecological processes of treeline ecotone remain to be tested. Herbivory and microbe-plant interactions could enhance or reduce the couplings of treeline and climate through affecting soil conditions or altering dynamics of ecological processes such as tree growth and recruitment. How the linkages between aboveground and belowground processes affect treeline responses to climate change remain unclear. In addition, biotic interactions across trophic levels might regulate the responses of ecological processes of treeline ecotone to climate change. Tibetan Plateau provides an excellent opportunity to explore the effects of biotic interactions on the changes of ecological process of treeline ecotone.},
}
@article {pmid34676734,
year = {2021},
author = {Bai, YY and Han, YJ and Wang, KK and Liu, B},
title = {[Growth response of coniferous trees to climate change in the Qinling Mountains, China].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {3715-3723},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202110.013},
pmid = {34676734},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {China ; Climate Change ; Forests ; *Tracheophyta ; *Trees ; },
abstract = {As an important geographical boundary, the subalpine coniferous forests in the Qinling Mountains have critical effects on water conservation, biodiversity conservation and climate regulation at the regional and even larger scale. In recent decades, temperature significantly increased in the Qinling Mountains, with significant spatial heterogeneity. An understanding of the responses of the Qinling coniferous trees to climate change is important for the protection and management of mountain forests under climate change. In this study, we synthesized the relationships between the radial growth of coniferous trees and climate at different altitudes in the western, central, and eas-tern Qinling Mountains. The effects of climate change on coniferous trees were investigated from the aspects of radial growth, NDVI, phenology, and species distribution range. Furthermore, know-ledge gaps in the responses of tree growth to climate change and possible future directions in this field were discussed.},
}
@article {pmid34676716,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhang, JM and Fan, ZX and Fu, PL and Shankar, P and Tang, H},
title = {[Radial growth responses of four coniferous species to climate change in the Potatso National Park, China].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {3548-3556},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202110.033},
pmid = {34676716},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {China ; *Climate Change ; Parks, Recreational ; *Tracheophyta ; Trees ; },
abstract = {Using the principles and methods of dendrochronology, we measured tree-ring width of four dominant coniferous species, i.e., Larix potaninii var. macrocarpa, Picea brachytyla, Pinus densata, and Abies georgei, in the Potatso National Park, and established the tree-ring width resi-dual chronologies. We analyzed the correlation of tree-ring width residual chronologies with daily and monthly climate data from the Shangrila meteorological station to analyze the response of radial growth to climate factors. The results showed that L. potaninii var. macrocarpa had the highest annual growth rate, and A. georgei had the lowest. Radial growth showed species-specific responses to climate changes, with the highest sensitivity of L. potaninii var. macrocarpa and the lowest sensitivity of P. brachytyla. Ring-width chronology of A. georgei correlated positively with mean temperature during previous winter (November and December) and current summer (July). Ring-width chronology of L. potaninii var. macrocarpa correlated positively with temperature during the early-growing season (June), but negatively with precipitation and relative humidity. Ring-width chronology of P. densata correlated positively with precipitation and humidity but negatively with maximum temperature during the early-growing season (May), indicating that its radial growth was primarily influenced by water availability during the early-growing season.},
}
@article {pmid34676715,
year = {2021},
author = {Li, YJ and Fang, KY and Bai, MW and Cao, XG and Dong, ZP and Tang, WR and Mei, ZP},
title = {[Ecological resilience of ancient Pinus massoniana trees to climate change and insect infestation in southeastern Fujian, China].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {3539-3547},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202110.010},
pmid = {34676715},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {Animals ; China ; Climate Change ; Droughts ; Insecta ; *Pinus ; *Trees ; },
abstract = {Pinus massoniana is a typical pioneer afforestation tree species widely distributed in southern China. It is crucial to study the ecological resilience of P. massoniana to disturbances under global warming, drying, and frequent pest infestation, which can shed lights on forest mana-gements. In this study, tree-ring samples collected from old-growth P. massoniana trees in Baisong Village, Xianyou County, Fujian Province, were used to develop the first standard chronology of P. massoniana ring width (1865-2014) in this region. The results showed that the low relative humidity from July to September and the extremely high temperature from May to September were the main limiting factors for tree growth. The extremely narrow years were identified in 1869, 1889, 1986, 1991 and 1993. These extremely narrow years were exacerbated after the persistently low values of the previously two years via the superposed epoch analysis (SEA). The insect infestations were more likely to happen in dry years. Insect outbreak exerted strongest effect on tree growth in 1889. The narrow tree-rings in 1986 and 1991 were affected by both insect infestation and drought. The other extremely narrow years were mainly affected by drought. The resistance of trees to insect infestation was weaker than that to drought event. The relative resilience of trees to insect infestation was higher than that to drought event, except for 1991. The relative resilience was the highest in 1889 and the lowest in 1991 under the influence of successive extreme events. Under the enhanced drying trend since 2000, more trees had died possibly due to the combined effects of insect infestation and drought.},
}
@article {pmid34676702,
year = {2021},
author = {Yang, JW and Zhang, QL and Song, WQ and Zhang, X and Li, ZS and Zhang, YD and Wang, XC},
title = {[Response differences of radial growth of Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to climate change in Daxing'an Mountains, Northeast China].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {3415-3427},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202110.005},
pmid = {34676702},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {China ; Climate Change ; *Larix ; *Pinus sylvestris ; Trees ; },
abstract = {Daxing'an Mountains is one of regions in China with the most significant climate change. Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica are the most important species in this area. The study of their radial growth response to climate change would provide a scientific basis for predicting the dynamics of boreal forests under climate change. A total of 451 tree-ring cores of L. gmelinii and P. sylvestris var. mongolica were collected from six sites in the Daxing'an region, and 12 standard chronologies were established. We compared the tree growth trend since 1900, and analyzed their response to the climate factor in each site using Pearson correlation analysis. Effects of temperature and precipitation on the annual radial growth of L. gmelinii and P. sylvestris var. mongolica were investigated by linear mixed models. The time stability of the relationship between two species growth-climate was compared by moving correlation. The results showed that the radial growth of L. gmelinii was negatively correlated with mean temperature in March and positively correlated with precipitation in the previous winter and July of current year. The radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was positively correlated with temperature in August and precipitation in the growing season (from May to September) of current year. Snow in winter played an important role in promoting the radial growth of L. gmelinii, whereas precipitation in summer limited the radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. The responses of L. gmelinii and P. sylvestris var. mongolica to climate change were significantly different, which affected tree growth, species composition, and spatial distribution in the boreal forests.},
}
@article {pmid34676701,
year = {2021},
author = {Guo, XM and Wang, ZP and Zhang, N and Zhang, DY},
title = {[Responses of radial growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii to climate change].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {3405-3414},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202110.042},
pmid = {34676701},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {China ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; *Larix ; *Pinus ; *Pinus sylvestris ; Trees ; },
abstract = {In the context of global warming, the increases of temperature may affect tree growth and thus disturb ecosystem balance. In this study, we explored the main limiting factors for radial growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii in the Mohe area of Greater Khingan Mountains by using growth-climate response function analysis and moving correlation analysis, as well as the interspecific difference of the responses of radial growth to rapid warming. The results showed that the radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and L. gmelinii was affected by both temperature and precipitation. P. sylvestris var. mongolica was more sensitive to climate change than L. gmelinii, and its sensitivity to climate factors was more stable than L. gmelinii. The radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was significantly positively correlated with the monthly mean temperature and the monthly mean minimum temperature of the growing season, while that of L. gmelinii was significantly positively correlated with the monthly mean temperature and the monthly mean maximum temperature of winter. Precipitation in winter promoted the growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica, whereas precipitation in the late growing season of the previous year inhibited the radial growth of L. gmelinii. After the rapid warming in 1990, the limiting effect of precipitation on P. sylvestris var. mongolica changed from negative to significantly positive, with the inhibition effect of high temperature being greater than the promotion effect. The inhibitory effect of high temperature on L. gmelinii was enhanced, and the limiting effect of precipitation on L. gmelinii was also enhanced after heating up. The growth rate decreased significantly, with obvious difference being observed in the correlations between the growth rate of two species with temperature and precipitation. Our results could provide scientific basis for forest ecosystem management and protection in Greater Khingan Mountains.},
}
@article {pmid34676141,
year = {2021},
author = {Williams, T and Wilson, C and Wynn, P and Costa, D},
title = {Opportunities for precision livestock management in the face of climate change: a focus on extensive systems.},
journal = {Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {63-68},
pmid = {34676141},
issn = {2160-6064},
}
@article {pmid34676137,
year = {2021},
author = {Cullen, BR and Ayre, M and Reichelt, N and Nettle, RA and Hayman, G and Armstrong, DP and Beilin, R and Harrison, MT},
title = {Climate change adaptation for livestock production in southern Australia: transdisciplinary approaches for integrated solutions.},
journal = {Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {30-39},
pmid = {34676137},
issn = {2160-6064},
}
@article {pmid34674128,
year = {2021},
author = {Saeed, M and Maqbool, A and Ashraf, MA and Arshad, M and Mehmood, K and Usman, M and Farid, MA},
title = {Competency of groundwater recharge of irrigated cotton field subjacent to sowing methods, plastic mulch, water productivity, and yield under climate change.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34674128},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Irrigated agriculture is a foremost consumer of water resources to fulfill the demand for food and fiber with an increasing population under climate changes; cotton is no exception. Depleting groundwater recharge and water productivity is critical for the sustainable cotton crop yield peculiarly in the semiarid region. This study investigated the water productivity and cotton yield under six different treatments: three sowing methods, i.e., flat, ridge, and bed planting with and without plastic mulch. Cotton bed planting without mulch showed maximum water productivity (0.24 kg.m-3) and the highest cotton yield (1946 kg.ha-1). Plastic mulching may reduce water productivity and cotton yield. HYDRUS-1D unsaturated flow model was used to access the groundwater recharge for 150 days under six treatments after model performance evaluation. Maximum cumulative recharge was observed 71 cm for the flat sowing method without plastic mulch. CanESM2 was used to predict climate scenarios for RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 for the 2050s and 2080s by statistical downscale modeling (SDSM) using historical data from 1975 to 2005 to access future groundwater recharge flux. Average cumulative recharge flux declined 36.53% in 2050 and 22.91% in 2080 compared to 2017 without plastic mulch. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that a maximum 23.78% reduction in groundwater recharge could influence future climate change. Further study may require to understand the remaining influencing factor of depleting groundwater recharge. Findings highlight the significance of climate change and the cotton sowing method while accessing future groundwater resources in irrigated agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid34673797,
year = {2021},
author = {Chen, M and Atiqul Haq, SM and Ahmed, KJ and Hussain, AHMB and Ahmed, MNQ},
title = {The link between climate change, food security and fertility: The case of Bangladesh.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e0258196},
pmid = {34673797},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Bangladesh ; *Climate Change ; Crop Production ; Crops, Agricultural/growth &amp; development ; *Fertility ; *Food Security ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Rain ; Statistics as Topic ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Climate change is likely to worsen the food security situation through its impact on food production, which may indirectly affect fertility behaviour. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of climate change (e.g., temperature and precipitation) via the production of major crops, as well as their short- and long-term effects on the total fertility rate (TFR) in Bangladesh. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to perform path analysis and distinguish the direct influence of climate change on fertility and its indirect influence on fertility through food security. We also applied the error correction model (ECM) to analyze the time-series data on temperature and precipitation, crop production and fertility rate of Bangladesh from 1966 to 2015. The results show that maximum temperature has a direct effect and indirect negative effect-via crop production-on TFR, while crop production has a direct positive effect and indirect negative effect-via infant mortality-on TFR. In the short term, TFR responds negatively to the maximum temperature but positively in the long term. The effect of rainfall on TFR is found to be direct, positive, but mainly short-term. Although indicators of economic development play an important part in the fertility decline in Bangladesh, some climate change parameters and crop production are non-negligible factors.},
}
@article {pmid34673068,
year = {2021},
author = {Hagenbo, A and Antón-Fernández, C and Bright, RM and Rasse, D and Astrup, R},
title = {Climate change mitigation potential of biochar from forestry residues under boreal condition.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151044},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151044},
pmid = {34673068},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Forest harvest residue is a low-competitive biomass feedstock that is usually left to decay on site after forestry operations. Its removal and pyrolytic conversion to biochar is seen as an opportunity to reduce terrestrial CO2 emissions and mitigate climate change. The mitigation effect of biochar is, however, ultimately dependent on the availability of the biomass feedstock, thus CO2 removal of biochar needs to be assessed in relation to the capacity to supply biochar systems with biomass feedstocks over prolonged time scales, relevant for climate mitigation. In the present study we used an assembly of empirical models to forecast the effects of harvest residue removal on soil C storage and the technical capacity of biochar to mitigate national-scale emissions over the century, using Norway as a case study for boreal conditions. We estimate the mitigation potential to vary between 0.41 and 0.78 Tg CO2 equivalents yr-1, of which 79% could be attributed to increased soil C stock, and 21% to the coproduction of bioenergy. These values correspond to 9-17% of the emissions of the Norwegian agricultural sector and to 0.8-1.5% of the total national emission. This illustrates that deployment of biochar from forest harvest residues in countries with a large forestry sector, relative to economy and population size, is likely to have a relatively small contribution to national emission reduction targets but may have a large effect on agricultural emission and commitments. Strategies for biochar deployment need to consider that biochar's mitigation effect is limited by the feedstock supply which needs to be critically assessed.},
}
@article {pmid34671020,
year = {2021},
author = {Bonnet, R and Swingedouw, D and Gastineau, G and Boucher, O and Deshayes, J and Hourdin, F and Mignot, J and Servonnat, J and Sima, A},
title = {Increased risk of near term global warming due to a recent AMOC weakening.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {6108},
pmid = {34671020},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Some of the new generation CMIP6 models are characterised by a strong temperature increase in response to increasing greenhouse gases concentration1. At first glance, these models seem less consistent with the temperature warming observed over the last decades. Here, we investigate this issue through the prism of low-frequency internal variability by comparing with observations an ensemble of 32 historical simulations performed with the IPSL-CM6A-LR model, characterized by a rather large climate sensitivity. We show that members with the smallest rates of global warming over the past 6-7 decades are also those with a large internally-driven weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This subset of members also matches several AMOC observational fingerprints, which are in line with such a weakening. This suggests that internal variability from the Atlantic Ocean may have dampened the magnitude of global warming over the historical era. Taking into account this AMOC weakening over the past decades means that it will be harder to avoid crossing the 2 °C warming threshold.},
}
@article {pmid34670328,
year = {2021},
author = {Beggs, PJ and Zhang, Y and McGushin, A and Trueck, S and Linnenluecke, MK and Bambrick, H and Berry, HL and Jay, O and Rychetnik, L and Hanigan, IC and Morgan, GG and Guo, Y and Malik, A and Stevenson, M and Green, D and Johnston, FH and McMichael, C and Hamilton, I and Capon, AG},
title = {The 2021 report of the MJA-Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Australia increasingly out on a limb.},
journal = {The Medical journal of Australia},
volume = {215},
number = {9},
pages = {390-392.e22},
doi = {10.5694/mja2.51302},
pmid = {34670328},
issn = {1326-5377},
support = {80NSSC21K0507/NASA/NASA/United States ; //NHMRC/ ; },
mesh = {Australia ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Disasters ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Policy ; *Public Health ; },
abstract = {The MJA-Lancet Countdown on health and climate change in Australia was established in 2017, and produced its first national assessment in 2018, its first annual update in 2019, and its second annual update in 2020. It examines indicators across five broad domains: climate change impacts, exposures and vulnerability; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. Our special report in 2020 focused on the unprecedented and catastrophic 2019-20 Australian bushfire season, highlighting indicators that explore the relationships between health, climate change and bushfires. For 2021, we return to reporting on the full suite of indicators across each of the five domains and have added some new indicators. We find that Australians are increasingly exposed to and vulnerable to excess heat and that this is already limiting our way of life, increasing the risk of heat stress during outdoor sports, and decreasing work productivity across a range of sectors. Other weather extremes are also on the rise, resulting in escalating social, economic and health impacts. Climate change disproportionately threatens Indigenous Australians' wellbeing in multiple and complex ways. In response to these threats, we find positive action at the individual, local, state and territory levels, with growing uptake of rooftop solar and electric vehicles, and the beginnings of appropriate adaptation planning. However, this is severely undermined by national policies and actions that are contrary and increasingly place Australia out on a limb. Australia has responded well to the COVID-19 public health crisis (while still emerging from the bushfire crisis that preceded it) and it now needs to respond to and prepare for the health crises resulting from climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34669170,
year = {2021},
author = {Vercillo, S and Huggins, C and Cochrane, L},
title = {How is gender investigated in African climate change research? A systematic review of the literature.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34669170},
issn = {1654-7209},
abstract = {This systematic review analyzes all 260 studies published in the Web of Science on gender and climate change in Africa. While there is no strong methodological bias, comparative case studies and sex disaggregated analyses predominate from a limited set of countries. Many articles covered the agrarian sector by comparing women's and men's on-farm vulnerability to a changing climate based on their adaptation behaviours. Though this literature recognizes women's important conservation, farming, and food responsibilities, it oftentimes generalized these contributions without providing evidence. A number of themes were covered by a very limited number of articles, including coastal areas, conflict, education, energy, migration, urban areas, and water. Overall, more justice-oriented research is needed into the socioeconomic structures that intersect with social identities to make certain people, places, and institutions more vulnerable. Investigations into the power dynamics between (social) scientists and African institutions are also needed as most articles reviewed stem from North America and Europe and are locked beyond paywalls.},
}
@article {pmid34667231,
year = {2021},
author = {Chimienti, G and De Padova, D and Adamo, M and Mossa, M and Bottalico, A and Lisco, A and Ungaro, N and Mastrototaro, F},
title = {Effects of global warming on Mediterranean coral forests.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {20703},
pmid = {34667231},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {EC-176R-18//National Geographic Society/ ; PON 2014-2020//Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca/ ; AIM 1807508//Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca/ ; Attività 1//Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca/ ; Linea 1//Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca/ ; 21/2018//Ente Parco Nazionale del Gargano/ ; },
abstract = {The effects of global warming have been addressed on coral reefs in tropical areas, while it is still unclear how coral forests are reacting, particularly at temperate latitudes. Here we show how mesophotic coral forests are affected by global warming in the Mediterranean Sea. We highlight how the current warming trend is causing the lowering of the thermocline and it is enhancing mucilaginous blooms. These stressors are facilitating a massive macroalgal epibiosis on living corals, here reported for the first time from different areas in the Western and Central Mediterranean Sea. We provide a focus of this phenomenon at Tremiti Islands Marine Protected Area (Adriatic Sea), were the density of the endemic red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata decreased of up to 47% in 5 years, while up to the 96% of the living corals showed signs of stress and macroalgal epibiosis. Only populations deeper than 60 m depth were not touched by this emerging phenomenon. Spot observations performed at Tuscan Archipelago and Tavolara Marine Protected Area (Tyrrhenian Sea) suggest that this this combination of stressors is likely widespread at basin scale.},
}
@article {pmid34666093,
year = {2021},
author = {Lee, JG and Chae, HG and Kim, GW and Kim, PJ and Cho, SR},
title = {Cover cropping and its biomass incorporation: Not enough to compensate the negative impact of plastic film mulching on global warming.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {151015},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151015},
pmid = {34666093},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Plastic film mulching (FM) became a general practice to enhance crop productivity and its net primary production (NPP), but it can increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The proper addition of organic amendments might effectively decrease the impact of FM on global warming. To evaluate the feasibility of biomass addition on decreasing this negative influence, cover crop biomass as a green manure was incorporated with different recycling levels (0-100% of aboveground biomass) under FM and no-mulching. The net global warming potential (GWP) which integrated with soil C stock change and GHG (N2O and CH4) fluxes with CO2-equivalent was evaluated during maize cultivation. Under the same biomass incorporation, FM significantly enhanced the grain productivity and NPP of maize by 22-61 and 18-58% over no-mulching, respectively. In contrast, FM also highly increased the respired C loss, which was 11-95% higher than NPP increase, over no-mulching. Irrespective with biomass recycling ratio and mulching system, negative NECB which indicates the decrease of soil C stock was observed, mainly due to big harvest removal. FM decreased more soil C stock by 57-158% over no-mulching, but its C stock was clearly increased with increasing biomass addition. FM significantly increased total N2O and CH4 fluxes by 4-61 and 140-600% over no-mulching, respectively. Soil C stock changes mainly decided net GWP scale, but N2O and CH4 fluxes negligibly influenced. As a result, FM highly increased net GWP over no-mulching, while this net GWP was clearly decreased with increasing biomass application. However, cover cropping, and its biomass recycling was not enough to compensate the negative impact of FM on global warming. Therefore, more biomass incorporation might be essential to compensate this negative effect of FM.},
}
@article {pmid34664119,
year = {2021},
author = {Ferreira, RB and Parreira, MR and Nabout, JC},
title = {The impact of global climate change on the number and replacement of provisioning ecosystem services of Brazilian Cerrado plants.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {193},
number = {11},
pages = {731},
pmid = {34664119},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {Agriculture ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Plants ; },
abstract = {It is essential to predict areas of losses or exchanges of ecosystem services to adapt communities to the impacts caused by climate change. Particularly for provisioning ecosystem services provided by economically important plant species, understanding the association between climate change impacts and deforestation of native vegetation increases the accuracy of those predictions. Thus, we aim to (i) map the richness of provisioning ecosystem services from economically important native plants; (ii) use forecasts (present and future) of the distribution of ecosystem services to assess areas of changes in the number and type of provisioning ecosystems services. We evaluated provisioning ecosystem services from 110 Cerrado native species of economic importance for the local population. We determined the potential distribution of these plants using ecological niche modeling techniques, which were grouped according to the 21 different services provided. The forecasts for variation in richness and type of service used four future climate change scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 in 2050 and 2070). The service losses detected in our models were associated with variables representing the progress of native vegetation deforestation in the biome due to agricultural expansion. Currently, ecosystem services can be found simultaneously in practically the entire biome. However, changes in the global climate will impact the potential geographic distribution of those plants, causing many areas in the biome to have reduced availability of potential ecosystem services. Moreover, due to the association between exposure to climate change and deforestation of native vegetation, the northern region of the biome will likely have the distribution of ecosystem services severely affected.},
}
@article {pmid34664039,
year = {2021},
author = {Semenza, JC and Paz, S},
title = {Climate change and infectious disease in Europe: Impact, projection and adaptation.},
journal = {The Lancet regional health. Europe},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100230},
pmid = {34664039},
issn = {2666-7762},
abstract = {Europeans are not only exposed to direct effects from climate change, but also vulnerable to indirect effects from infectious disease, many of which are climate sensitive, which is of concern because of their epidemic potential. Climatic conditions have facilitated vector-borne disease outbreaks like chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile fever and have contributed to a geographic range expansion of tick vectors that transmit Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. Extreme precipitation events have caused waterborne outbreaks and longer summer seasons have contributed to increases in foodborne diseases. Under the Green Deal, The European Union aims to support climate change health policy, in order to be better prepared for the next health security threat, particularly in the aftermath of the traumatic COVID-19 experience. To bolster this policy process we discuss climate change-related hazards, exposures and vulnerabilities to infectious disease and describe observed impacts, projected risks, with policy entry points for adaptation to reduce these risks or avoid them altogether.},
}
@article {pmid34663670,
year = {2021},
author = {Logie, CH and Toccalino, D and Reed, AC and Malama, K and Newman, PA and Weiser, S and Harris, O and Berry, I and Adedimeji, A},
title = {Exploring linkages between climate change and sexual health: a scoping review protocol.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {e054720},
pmid = {34663670},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Animals ; Climate Change ; Female ; *HIV Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; Review Literature as Topic ; Sexual Behavior ; *Sexual Health ; *Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention &amp; control ; Sheep ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events (EWEs) present substantial threats to well-being. EWEs hold the potential to harm sexual health through pathways including elevated exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), disrupted healthcare access, and increased sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The WHO defines four components of sexual health: comprehensive sexuality education; HIV and STI prevention and care; SGBV prevention and care; and psychosexual counselling. Yet, knowledge gaps remain regarding climate change and its associations with these sexual health domains. This scoping review will therefore explore the linkages between climate change and sexual health.<br><br>METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL) will be searched using text words and subject headings (eg, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Emtree) related to sexual health and climate change from the inception of each database to May 2021. Grey literature and unpublished reports will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy, including from the WHO, World Bank eLibrary, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The scoping review will consider studies that explore: (a) climate change and EWEs including droughts, heat waves, wildfires, dust storms, hurricanes, flooding rains, coastal flooding and storm surges; alongside (b) sexual health, including: comprehensive sexual health education, sexual health counselling, and HIV/STI acquisition, prevention and/or care, and/or SGBV, including intimate partner violence, sexual assault and rape. Searches will not be limited by language, publication year or geographical location. We will consider quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods and review articles for inclusion. We will conduct thematic analysis of findings. Data will be presented in narrative and tabular forms.<br><br>ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: There are no formal ethics requirements as we are not collecting primary data. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared at international conferences.},
}
@article {pmid34663164,
year = {2021},
author = {Garcia Diaz, LV and Richardson, J},
title = {Occupational therapy's contributions to combating climate change and lifestyle diseases.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1080/11038128.2021.1989484},
pmid = {34663164},
issn = {1651-2014},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The interdependence between human occupations, lifestyle diseases and climate change provides an opportunity to address them simultaneously. Occupational therapists' training in lifestyle modification and knowledge about the impact of the physical environment on daily occupations puts them in a unique position to contribute to global efforts of combating climate change and lifestyle diseases through the promotion of sustainable occupations.<br><br>AIM: To illustrate how occupational therapists can contribute to global efforts of combating climate change and lifestyle diseases by framing climate change from a personal and public health perspective.<br><br>METHOD: In this discussion paper we argue that occupational therapists can use education and lifestyle modification to support individuals in the prevention and management of lifestyle diseases and that they can help design and advocate for environments that promote sustainable occupations.<br><br>RESULT: This discussion paper highlights the contributions that occupational therapists can make to how we understand and address climate change and lifestyle diseases.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: We argue that by framing the climate change discourse from a health perspective, occupational therapists can contribute to global efforts of combating climate change and lifestyle diseases by supporting individuals to engage in sustainable occupations and communities to facilitate this engagement.},
}
@article {pmid34658197,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, MY and Zhang, CJ and Mi, CR and Han, L and Li, ML and Xu, WX and Yang, WK},
title = {[Potential impacts of climate change on suitable habitats of Marco Polo sheep in China].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {32},
number = {9},
pages = {3127-3135},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202109.020},
pmid = {34658197},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {Animals ; Biodiversity ; China ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Sheep ; },
abstract = {Climate change may lead to biodiversity loss and species extinction. Understanding the impacts of climate change on the distribution pattern of endangered species is of great value to the identification of priority reserves and the formulation of relevant conservation strategies. Based on the distribution data of Marco Polo sheep (Ovis ammon polii) obtained from the field survey in Taxkorgan Nature Reserve (TNR) in Xinjiang during 2017-2018, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict the distribution pattern of its suitable habitat under climate change. The results showed that the suitable habitat of Marco Polo sheep was mainly distributed in the northwest of the TNR, with temperature as the key factor affecting its suitable habitat distribution. Under the medium and high emission concentration (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), the suitable habitat area of Marco Polo sheep would decrease in the next two periods (2050s and 2070s), with the loss rate of suitable habitat being as high as 40.5%. The loss of suitable habitat was mainly located in the low-altitude area, while the area of suitable habitat increased correspondingly in the high-altitude area. The area of suitable habitat from low elevation to high elevation increased with the increases of greenhouse gas emission concentration. According to the results of centroid transfer, the suitable habitat was mainly moved to the west, namely Tajikistan, the main distribution country of Marco Polo sheep.},
}
@article {pmid34658117,
year = {2022},
author = {Zwerschke, N and Sands, CJ and Roman-Gonzalez, A and Barnes, DKA and Guzzi, A and Jenkins, S and Muñoz-Ramírez, C and Scourse, J},
title = {Quantification of blue carbon pathways contributing to negative feedback on climate change following glacier retreat in West Antarctic fjords.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {8-20},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15898},
pmid = {34658117},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {NE/P003087/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; 3180331//Chilean governments Superior Councils for Science and Technological Development FONDECYT/ ; },
abstract = {Global warming is causing significant losses of marine ice around the polar regions. In Antarctica, the retreat of tidewater glaciers is opening up novel, low-energy habitats (fjords) that have the potential to provide a negative feedback loop to climate change. These fjords are being colonized by organisms on and within the sediment and act as a sink for particulate matter. So far, blue carbon potential in Antarctic habitats has mainly been estimated using epifaunal megazoobenthos (although some studies have also considered macrozoobenthos). We investigated two further pathways of carbon storage and potential sequestration by measuring the concentration of carbon of infaunal macrozoobenthos and total organic carbon (TOC) deposited in the sediment. We took samples along a temporal gradient since time of last glacier ice cover (1-1000 years) at three fjords along the West Antarctic Peninsula. We tested the hypothesis that seabed carbon standing stock would be mainly driven by time since last glacier covered. However, results showed this to be much more complex. Infauna were highly variable over this temporal gradient and showed similar total mass of carbon standing stock per m2 as literature estimates of Antarctic epifauna. TOC mass in the sediment, however, was an order of magnitude greater than stocks of infaunal and epifaunal carbon and increased with time since last ice cover. Thus, blue carbon stocks and recent gains around Antarctica are likely much higher than previously estimated as is their negative feedback on climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34657461,
year = {2021},
author = {Hacket-Pain, A and Bogdziewicz, M},
title = {Climate change and plant reproduction: trends and drivers of mast seeding change.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {376},
number = {1839},
pages = {20200379},
pmid = {34657461},
issn = {1471-2970},
abstract = {Climate change is reshaping global vegetation through its impacts on plant mortality, but recruitment creates the next generation of plants and will determine the structure and composition of future communities. Recruitment depends on mean seed production, but also on the interannual variability and among-plant synchrony in seed production, the phenomenon known as mast seeding. Thus, predicting the long-term response of global vegetation dynamics to climate change requires understanding the response of masting to changing climate. Recently, data and methods have become available allowing the first assessments of long-term changes in masting. Reviewing the literature, we evaluate evidence for a fingerprint of climate change on mast seeding and discuss the drivers and impacts of these changes. We divide our discussion into the main characteristics of mast seeding: interannual variation, synchrony, temporal autocorrelation and mast frequency. Data indicate that masting patterns are changing but the direction of that change varies, likely reflecting the diversity of proximate factors underlying masting across taxa. Experiments to understand the proximate mechanisms underlying masting, in combination with the analysis of long-term datasets, will enable us to understand this observed variability in the response of masting. This will allow us to predict future shifts in masting patterns, and consequently ecosystem impacts of climate change via its impacts on masting. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.},
}
@article {pmid34657282,
year = {2021},
author = {Owens, K},
title = {Breakthrough climate litigation positions courts to combat the health impacts of climate change.},
journal = {The Medical journal of Australia},
volume = {215},
number = {9},
pages = {395-397},
doi = {10.5694/mja2.51288},
pmid = {34657282},
issn = {1326-5377},
mesh = {Australia ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; Public Health/*legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; *Public Policy ; },
}
@article {pmid34656855,
year = {2021},
author = {Amstutz, A and Firth, LB and Spicer, JI and Hanley, ME},
title = {Facing up to climate change: Community composition varies with aspect and surface temperature in the rocky intertidal.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {172},
number = {},
pages = {105482},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105482},
pmid = {34656855},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; *Gastropoda ; Temperature ; *Thoracica ; },
abstract = {Marine rocky intertidal organisms are amongst those most affected by climate change with regional distributional changes observed for many species. Although often ascribed to increased sea surface temperatures, precise assessment of the local habitat conditions underpinning observed and predicted changes in community assembly is lacking. Here we examine how aspect (i.e. north-south orientation) affects intertidal community composition and how rock surface temperatures and stress responses of two dominant grazer species (Patella spp.) elucidate emergent differences. We quantified year-round temperature variation and surveyed intertidal community composition on paired natural rock gullies with Equator- (EF) and Pole-facing (PF) surfaces. We also investigated variation in limpet (Patella spp.) reproductive phenology and osmotic stress. Average annual temperatures were 0.8 °C (1.6 °C at low tide) higher, with six-fold more frequent extremes (i.e. > 30 °C) on EF than PF surfaces. Intertidal community composition varied with aspect across trophic levels with greater overall species richness, abundance of primary producers and grazers on PF-surfaces, and greater barnacle abundance on EF-surfaces. Although species richness of organisms from different biogeographical origins ('Boreal' or 'Lusitanian') did not vary, the Lusitanian limpet Patella depressa exhibited earlier reproductive development on EF-surfaces and both limpet species exhibited greater thermal stress on EF-surfaces. We argue that our study system provides a good model for understanding how temperature variation at local scales can affect community composition, as well as ecophysiological and ecological responses to climate change and so better inform and predict regional range shifts over coming decades.},
}
@article {pmid34656577,
year = {2021},
author = {Deihimfard, R and Rahimi-Moghaddam, S and Collins, B and Azizi, K},
title = {Future climate change could reduce irrigated and rainfed wheat water footprint in arid environments.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {150991},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150991},
pmid = {34656577},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The concept of water footprint (WF) has been used to manage freshwater resources for the past two decades and is considered as indicator of the sustainability of agricultural systems. Accordingly, the current study aimed to quantify WF and its components in the future climate for rainfed and irrigated wheat agro-ecosystems in 17 provinces of Iran located in arid or semi-arid environments. The provinces were divided into five climate classes. The simulations were conducted under current (1980-2010) and future climate (2040-2070) using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) crop model, following the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) protocol. Baseline simulations indicated that the total WF, averaged across all climate classes, was 1148 m3 t-1 for irrigated and 1155 m3 t-1 for rainfed wheat. WF was projected to decline in the future compared to baseline in both irrigated and rainfed systems mostly because of increases in yield of +9% in rainfed systems and 3.5% in irrigated systems, and decreases in water consumption by -5.4% and -10.1%, respectively. However, the share of gray water footprint (WFgray) was projected to increase in the near future for both rainfed (+5.4%) and irrigated (+6.9%) systems. These findings suggest that cleaner and more sustainable production (i.e. obtaining grain yield under optimal water and nitrogen consumption) could be achieved in irrigated and rainfed wheat ago-ecosystems if optimal N fertilizer management is adopted. Additionally, rainfed cultivation can be further expanded in some areas which is expected to result in a substantial reduction in blue water (i.e. less irrigation), especially in sub-humid and semi-arid cool areas.},
}
@article {pmid34656376,
year = {2021},
author = {Pack, KE and Riusa, M and Mieszkowska, N},
title = {Corrigendum to "Long-term environmental tolerance of the non-indigenous Pacific oyster to expected contemporary climate change conditions" [Mar. Environ. Res. 164(2021)].},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {172},
number = {},
pages = {105483},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105483},
pmid = {34656376},
issn = {1879-0291},
}
@article {pmid34655385,
year = {2021},
author = {Shahbaz, P and Haq, SU and Boz, I},
title = {Linking climate change adaptation practices with farm technical efficiency and fertilizer use: a study of wheat-maize mix cropping zone of Punjab province, Pakistan.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34655385},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Climate change is a serious threat to global agriculture and the farming community is well aware of this challenge. This is the first empirical study that looks beyond the traditional studies only limited to the adoption of climate change measures by estimating the impact of adopted practices on technical efficiency and computing the actual level of fertilizer at the farm level. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were conducted for data collection with 196 farmers selected through multiple stage simple random sampling in the wheat-maize mix cropping zone of Punjab province. The results depicted that changing fertilizer was the most commonly adopted strategy (76%) to negate the effects of climate changes on crop production. Stochastic frontier analysis results revealed that the adoption of diversification practices, soil and water conservation practices, and modern input use strategies were influential factors explaining the technical efficiency differential among different farmers. The average technical efficiency score was 0.71 in the locality implying that farmers have an opportunity to increase their farm efficiency by 29% with the present level of inputs. Moreover, adopters of modern input practices with a high index were 27% more efficient than those with a low adaptation index of these climate countering measures. The empirical results also revealed the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer to counter the climate change impacts at the agricultural farms. This result has important policy implications for government agencies that it is not enough just to guide and motivate the farmers to adopt certain strategies to negate the effect of climate change. They should also be informed about the exact usage level of those suggested measures.},
}
@article {pmid34654572,
year = {2021},
author = {Pergent-Martini, C and Pergent, G and Monnier, B and Boudouresque, CF and Mori, C and Valette-Sansevin, A},
title = {"Contribution of Posidonia oceanica meadows in the context of climate change mitigation in the Mediterranean Sea" [Mar. Environ. Res. 165 (2021)].},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {172},
number = {},
pages = {105454},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105454},
pmid = {34654572},
issn = {1879-0291},
}
@article {pmid34653297,
year = {2021},
author = {Fan, L and Dippold, MA and Thiel, V and Ge, T and Wu, J and Kuzyakov, Y and Dorodnikov, M},
title = {Temperature sensitivity of anaerobic methane oxidation versus methanogenesis in paddy soil: Implications for the CH4 balance under global warming.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15935},
pmid = {34653297},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {1533/2-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //China Scholarship Council/ ; },
abstract = {The global methane (CH4) budget is based on a sensitive balance between methanogenesis and CH4 oxidation (aerobic and anaerobic). The response of these processes to climate warming, however, is not quantified. This largely reflects our lack of knowledge about the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of the anaerobic oxidation of CH4 (AOM)-a ubiquitous process in soils. Based on a 13 CH4 labeling experiment, we determined the rate, Q10 and activation energy of AOM and of methanogenesis in a paddy soil at three temperatures (5, 20, 35°C). The rates of AOM and of methanogenesis increased exponentially with temperature, whereby the AOM rate was significantly lower than methanogenesis. Both the activation energy and Q10 of AOM dropped significantly from 5-20 to 20-35°C, indicating that AOM is a highly temperature-dependent microbial process. Nonetheless, the Q10 of AOM and of methanogenesis were similar at 5-35°C, implying a comparable temperature dependence of AOM and methanogenesis in paddy soil. The continuous increase of AOM Q10 over the 28-day experiment reflects the successive utilization of electron acceptors according to their thermodynamic efficiency. The basic constant for Q10 of AOM was calculated to be 0.1 units for each 3.2 kJ mol-1 increase of activation energy. We estimate the AOM in paddy soils to consume 2.2~5.5 Tg CH4 per year on a global scale. Considering these results in conjunction with literature data, the terrestrial AOM in total consumes ~30% of overall CH4 production. Our data corroborate a similar Q10 of AOM and methanogenesis. As the rate of AOM in paddy soils is lower than methanogenesis, however, it will not fully compensate for an increased methane production under climate warming.},
}
@article {pmid34651175,
year = {2021},
author = {Davies, B and Bhutta, MF},
title = {Geriatric medicine in the era of climate change.},
journal = {Age and ageing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ageing/afab199},
pmid = {34651175},
issn = {1468-2834},
abstract = {Climate change has been termed the greatest threat to human health of the 21st century. Older people and those living with frailty are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change including heatwaves and extreme weather events, and therefore, we have a responsibility to advocate for action on the climate emergency and take steps to reduce the environmental impact of our care provision. The NHS contributes 5.7% to the carbon footprint of the UK, and by reviewing the financial costs associated with frailty, we estimate the carbon footprint of frailty to be 1.7 MtCO2e, or 7% of the total NHS carbon footprint. Resource use also increases with age with particular interventions and medical equipment such as hearing and mobility aids being predominantly associated with the care of older people. The NHS has committed to net zero carbon emissions by 2045 and in order to achieve this we all need to act-balancing the triple bottom line of environmental, social and financial impacts alongside outcomes for patients and populations when making decisions about care. The principles of sustainable healthcare are already embedded in the geriatrician's holisitic approach to the care of older people and those living with frailty, and the imperative to reduce the carbon footprint of healthcare should add weight to the argument for extending the role of the geriatrician into other specialties. It is time to begin our journey to net-zero geriatric medicine.},
}
@article {pmid34650184,
year = {2021},
author = {Zając, Z and Kulisz, J and Woźniak, A and Bartosik, K and Khan, A},
title = {Seasonal activity of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the era of progressive climate change in eastern Poland.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {20382},
pmid = {34650184},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are one of the most important vectors and reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Changes in the abundance and range of this species have been observed in the last decade and these ticks are collected in areas previously considered tick-free. This may be influenced by progressive climate change. Eastern Poland is an area where the local population of D. reticulatus is one of the most numerous among those described so far. At the same time, the region is characterized by a significant increase in the mean air temperature in recent years (by 1.81 °C in 2020) and a decrease in the average number of days with snow cover (by 64 days in 2020) and in the number of days with frost (by 20 days in 2020) on an annual basis compared to the long-term average. The aim of our research was to investigate the rhythms of seasonal activity and the population size of D. reticulatus in the era of progressive climate change. To this end, questing ticks were collected in 2017-2020. Next, the weather conditions in the years of observation were analyzed and compared with multi-year data covering 30 years preceding the study. The research results show that, in eastern Poland, there is a stable population of D. reticulatus with the peak of activity in spring or autumn (up to a maximum of 359 individuals within 30 min of collection) depending on the year of observation. Ticks of this species may also be active in winter months. The activity of D. reticulatus is influenced by a saturation deficit.},
}
@article {pmid34649894,
year = {2021},
author = {Xie, E and Howard, C and Buchman, S and Miller, FA},
title = {Acting on climate change for a healthier future: Critical role for primary care in Canada.},
journal = {Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien},
volume = {67},
number = {10},
pages = {725-730},
pmid = {34649894},
issn = {1715-5258},
mesh = {Canada ; *Climate Change ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Primary Health Care ; },
}
@article {pmid34649888,
year = {2021},
author = {Fraser, S},
title = {Climate change is a health issue.},
journal = {Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien},
volume = {67},
number = {10},
pages = {719},
pmid = {34649888},
issn = {1715-5258},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; *Public Health ; },
}
@article {pmid34649851,
year = {2021},
author = {Wise, J},
title = {Emphasising the health benefits of climate change actions can make them more attractive to governments, says scientists.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {n2508},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.n2508},
pmid = {34649851},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid34649848,
year = {2021},
author = {Sharpe, I and Davison, CM},
title = {Climate change, climate-related disasters and mental disorder in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {e051908},
pmid = {34649848},
issn = {2044-6055},
support = {PJT-162463//CIHR/Canada ; PJT-165971//CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Climate Change ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developing Countries ; *Disasters ; Humans ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/etiology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Climate change and climate-related disasters adversely affect mental health. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disasters and often lack adequate mental healthcare infrastructure. We used the scoping review methodology to determine how exposure to climate change and climate-related disasters influences the presence of mental disorders among those living in LMICs. We also aimed to recognise existing gaps in this area of literature.<br><br>METHODS: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. To identify relevant studies, we searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, APA PsycInfo and Sociological Abstracts) from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. We also searched the grey literature. Included studies had an adult-focused LMIC population, a climate change or climate-related disaster exposure and a mental disorder outcome. Relevant study information was extracted and synthesised.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-eight studies were identified, most of which (n=48) employed a cross-sectional design. The most commonly studied exposure-outcome combinations were flood-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=28), flood-related depression (n=15) and storm-related PTSD (n=13). The majority of studies identified a positive exposure-outcome association. However, few studies included a baseline or comparator (ie, unexposed) group, thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude or nature of this association. There was also great heterogeneity in this literature, making studies difficult to pool or compare. Several research gaps were identified including the lack of longitudinal studies and non-uniformity of geographic coverage.<br><br>CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this was the first scoping review to investigate the relationship between climate change and climate-related disaster exposures and mental disorder outcomes in LMICs. Our findings support the need for further research, but also highlight that mental health should be a priority within LMIC climate change policy considerations.},
}
@article {pmid34647909,
year = {2021},
author = {},
title = {Climate Change and Health: A New Urgency.},
journal = {Holistic nursing practice},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {295},
doi = {10.1097/HNP.0000000000000483},
pmid = {34647909},
issn = {1550-5138},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; },
}
@article {pmid34646186,
year = {2021},
author = {Iniguez-Gallardo, V and Lenti Boero, D and Tzanopoulos, J},
title = {Climate Change and Emotions: Analysis of People's Emotional States in Southern Ecuador.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {644240},
pmid = {34646186},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {Climate change involves multiple emotional expressions associated with specific labels, notably: 'concern,' 'guilt,' or 'scepticism.' However, there are other types of emotions that have been less analysed, such as 'powerlessness,' 'anger' and 'confusion' that are of equal importance for predicting behavioural changes toward this climatic issue. Likewise, few studies in this research field rely on qualitative data to understand and identify the causative agents for the emotional arousal. This research explores a range of emotions, mixing those that have been widely studied and those that have been hardly analysed. It also looks at the demographic parameters associated with such emotions using a population sample from southern Ecuador. The study analyses quantitative and qualitative data gathered through structured-questionnaires whereby participants were given agency to select and define how they themselves sense emotionally climate change. The results indicate that two of the five participants' most selected emotions are shared with other nations ('concern,' 'guilt'), while the other three have been less reported and studied in the climate change field ('powerlessness,' 'anger,' and 'confusion'). These emotions were found to be aroused by different reasons associated with specific demographic variables. The findings reveal the role of the cultural and local environment in the emotional arousal and its relevance for designing more effective climate communication campaigns.},
}
@article {pmid34646104,
year = {2021},
author = {Pathak, N and McKinney, A},
title = {Planetary Health, Climate Change, and Lifestyle Medicine: Threats and Opportunities.},
journal = {American journal of lifestyle medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {541-552},
pmid = {34646104},
issn = {1559-8284},
abstract = {Global environmental degradation and climate change threaten the foundation of human health and well-being. In a confluence of crises, the accelerating pace of climate change and other environmental disruptions pose an additional, preventable danger to a global population that is both aging and carrying a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Climate change and environmental disruption function as "threat multipliers," especially for those with NCDs, worsening the potential health impacts on those with suboptimal health. At the same time, these environmental factors threaten the basic pillars of health and prevention, increasing the risk of developing chronic disease. In the face of these threats, the core competencies of lifestyle medicine (LM) present crucial opportunities to mitigate climate change and human health impacts while also allowing individuals and communities to build resilience. LM health professionals are uniquely positioned to coach patients toward climate-healthy behavior changes that heal both people and the planet.},
}
@article {pmid34645438,
year = {2021},
author = {Lutchmun, W and Ablorde, A and Chang, HW and Froeschl, G and Misganaw, E and Sapkota, BP and Scholze, S and Singo, J and Hoffaeller, L},
title = {Proceedings from the CIH-LMU 2021 Symposium: "Global Health Perspectives: Climate Change &amp; Migration".},
journal = {BMC proceedings},
volume = {15},
number = {Suppl 12},
pages = {21},
pmid = {34645438},
issn = {1753-6561},
abstract = {Climate change shapes human migration through the interaction of environmental changes with political, social, economic, and demographic drivers of mobility. Low-and middle-income countries bear the brunt of the health impacts of climate change and migration, despite their overall low contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. The CIHLMU Symposium 2021 aimed to explore the complex interconnections between climate change, migration and health from diverse global perspectives. A number of themes, such as the relationship between climate and trade, the role of technology, and the issue of responsibility were tackled. The speakers also highlighted the need for climate resilient health-systems, gender mainstreaming in climate strategies, collaboration between the Global North and South and urgently defining the 'climate refugee'. It is crucial that the narrative around climate change moves from an environmental framing to encompass human health and migration within climate discussions and strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34642677,
year = {2021},
author = {Semenza, JC},
title = {Lateral public health: Advancing systemic resilience to climate change.},
journal = {The Lancet regional health. Europe},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100231},
pmid = {34642677},
issn = {2666-7762},
}
@article {pmid34642442,
year = {2021},
author = {Maleki, S and Rahdari, V and Baghdadi, N},
title = {Humans in the upstream can exacerbate climate change impacts on water birds' habitat in the downstream.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {20203},
pmid = {34642442},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The present paper aims to quantify how human-made changes in the upstream exacerbate climate change impacts on water birds' habitat in the downstream. To reduce climate change effects and design adaptation policies, it is important to identify whether human activities understate or overstate the effects of climate change in a region on its inhabitants. This paper also shows how human activities may magnify climate change impacts both locally and regionally. Land-use/land-cover change as the important sign of human-made destruction in an ecosystem was detected in the upstream of the Helmand basin over 40 years. Owing to conflicts in Afghanistan, studies on this basin are rare. The water bird's habitat suitability maps during the study period were created using the maximum entropy model and the multi-criteria evaluation method. The post-classification method was applied to show the land-use/land-cover change over 40 years. These results were compared to the area of suitable habitat for water birds. The findings of these analyses indicated that the irrigated farming was expanded in the upstream despite climate change and water limitation, while the water birds' habitat in the downstream was declined. These results revealed that the unsustainable pattern of farming and blocking water behind dams in the upstream exacerbated the negative effects of climate change on water birds' habitat in the downstream. The significance of this study is to demonstrate the role of human in exacerbating climate change impacts both locally and regionally.},
}
@article {pmid34641725,
year = {2021},
author = {Muller, EM and Dungan, AM and Million, WC and Eaton, KR and Petrik, C and Bartels, E and Hall, ER and Kenkel, CD},
title = {Heritable variation and lack of tradeoffs suggest adaptive capacity in Acropora cervicornis despite negative synergism under climate change scenarios.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {288},
number = {1960},
pages = {20210923},
pmid = {34641725},
issn = {1471-2954},
abstract = {Knowledge of multi-stressor interactions and the potential for tradeoffs among tolerance traits is essential for developing intervention strategies for the conservation and restoration of reef ecosystems in a changing climate. Thermal extremes and acidification are two major co-occurring stresses predicted to limit the recovery of vital Caribbean reef-building corals. Here, we conducted an aquarium-based experiment to quantify the effects of increased water temperatures and pCO2 individually and in concert on 12 genotypes of the endangered branching coral Acropora cervicornis, currently being reared and outplanted for large-scale coral restoration. Quantification of 12 host, symbiont and holobiont traits throughout the two-month-long experiment showed several synergistic negative effects, where the combined stress treatment often caused a greater reduction in physiological function than the individual stressors alone. However, we found significant genetic variation for most traits and positive trait correlations among treatments indicating an apparent lack of tradeoffs, suggesting that adaptive evolution will not be constrained. Our results suggest that it may be possible to incorporate climate-resistant coral genotypes into restoration and selective breeding programmes, potentially accelerating adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid34638737,
year = {2021},
author = {Monder, H and Maillard, M and Chérel, I and Zimmermann, SD and Paris, N and Cuéllar, T and Gaillard, I},
title = {Adjustment of K+ Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {34638737},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Fruit/*growth &amp; development ; Ion Transport ; *Plant Diseases ; Potassium/*metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; Vitis/*growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid34636413,
year = {2021},
author = {G Campoy, J and Lema, M and Fenollosa, E and Munné-Bosch, S and Retuerto, R},
title = {Functional responses to climate change may increase invasive potential of Carpobrotus edulis.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {108},
number = {10},
pages = {1902-1916},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.1745},
pmid = {34636413},
issn = {1537-2197},
mesh = {*Aizoaceae ; *Climate Change ; Introduced Species ; Plants ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Biological invasions and climate change are major threats to biodiversity. It is therefore important to anticipate how the climate changes projected for Southern Europe would affect the ecophysiological performance of the invasive South African plant, Carpobrotus edulis (ice plant or sour fig), and its capacity to undergo rapid adaptive evolution.<br><br>METHODS: We manipulated the climate conditions in a field plot located on the island of Sálvora (northwest of the Iberian Peninsula) to establish a full factorial experiment with C. edulis plants transplanted from four native (southern African) and four invasive (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) populations. Throughout 14 months we measured growth and functional traits of this species under two temperatures (control vs. increased), and two rainfall levels (control vs. reduced).<br><br>RESULTS: Temperature increased photochemical efficiency and relative growth rate of C. edulis. Rainfall modulated some of the effects of temperature on C and N isotopic composition, and pigment contents. Invasive populations showed lower root mass allocation and higher survival rates, as well as increased water use efficiency, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, and xanthophyll cycle pigment contents than native populations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The increased growth and physiological performances observed under our experimental conditions suggest that the expected climate changes would further promote the invasion of C. edulis. Differences between native and invasive genotypes in survival and functional traits revealed that populations have diverged during the process of invasion, what gives support to the invasiveness hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing intraspecific variability in functional responses to better predict how invasive species will respond to environmental changes.},
}
@article {pmid34636101,
year = {2021},
author = {Roe, S and Streck, C and Beach, R and Busch, J and Chapman, M and Daioglou, V and Deppermann, A and Doelman, J and Emmet-Booth, J and Engelmann, J and Fricko, O and Frischmann, C and Funk, J and Grassi, G and Griscom, B and Havlik, P and Hanssen, S and Humpenöder, F and Landholm, D and Lomax, G and Lehmann, J and Mesnildrey, L and Nabuurs, GJ and Popp, A and Rivard, C and Sanderman, J and Sohngen, B and Smith, P and Stehfest, E and Woolf, D and Lawrence, D},
title = {Land-based measures to mitigate climate change: Potential and feasibility by country.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {27},
number = {23},
pages = {6025-6058},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15873},
pmid = {34636101},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {Agriculture ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Feasibility Studies ; Policy ; },
abstract = {Land-based climate mitigation measures have gained significant attention and importance in public and private sector climate policies. Building on previous studies, we refine and update the mitigation potentials for 20 land-based measures in >200 countries and five regions, comparing "bottom-up" sectoral estimates with integrated assessment models (IAMs). We also assess implementation feasibility at the country level. Cost-effective (available up to $100/tCO2 eq) land-based mitigation is 8-13.8 GtCO2 eq yr-1 between 2020 and 2050, with the bottom end of this range representing the IAM median and the upper end representing the sectoral estimate. The cost-effective sectoral estimate is about 40% of available technical potential and is in line with achieving a 1.5°C pathway in 2050. Compared to technical potentials, cost-effective estimates represent a more realistic and actionable target for policy. The cost-effective potential is approximately 50% from forests and other ecosystems, 35% from agriculture, and 15% from demand-side measures. The potential varies sixfold across the five regions assessed (0.75-4.8 GtCO2eq yr-1) and the top 15 countries account for about 60% of the global potential. Protection of forests and other ecosystems and demand-side measures present particularly high mitigation efficiency, high provision of co-benefits, and relatively lower costs. The feasibility assessment suggests that governance, economic investment, and socio-cultural conditions influence the likelihood that land-based mitigation potentials are realized. A substantial portion of potential (80%) is in developing countries and LDCs, where feasibility barriers are of greatest concern. Assisting countries to overcome barriers may result in significant quantities of near-term, low-cost mitigation while locally achieving important climate adaptation and development benefits. Opportunities among countries vary widely depending on types of land-based measures available, their potential co-benefits and risks, and their feasibility. Enhanced investments and country-specific plans that accommodate this complexity are urgently needed to realize the large global potential from improved land stewardship.},
}
@article {pmid34633554,
year = {2021},
author = {Barnes, DKA and Sands, CJ and Paulsen, ML and Moreno, B and Moreau, C and Held, C and Downey, R and Bax, N and Stark, JS and Zwerschke, N},
title = {Correction to: Societal importance of Antarctic negative feedbacks on climate change: blue carbon gains from sea ice, ice shelf and glacier losses.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {108},
number = {6},
pages = {51},
doi = {10.1007/s00114-021-01759-5},
pmid = {34633554},
issn = {1432-1904},
}
@article {pmid34631148,
year = {2021},
author = {Brooks, JR and Ebi, KL},
title = {Climate Change Warning Labels on Gas Pumps: The Role of Public Opinion Formation in Climate Change Mitigation Policies.},
journal = {Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ)},
volume = {5},
number = {10},
pages = {2000086},
pmid = {34631148},
issn = {2056-6646},
abstract = {This article analyzes City of Cambridge, Massachusetts legislation that requires all gasoline and diesel pumps to display a consumer warning label outlining the climate change and public health impacts from fuel combustion. This review of empirical and theoretical scholarship on efficacy of carbon label programs and health warning labels suggests government-sponsored "warming labels" may increase self-efficacy beliefs. The analysis reveals warming labels may activate extant climate concern norms and shift public opinion toward long term support of sustainable transportation emissions policies and practices.},
}
@article {pmid34629999,
year = {2021},
author = {Bauer, M and Bulatenko, M and Shimshirt, N},
title = {Development of corporate investment funds as a tool to achieve the goals of international treaties in the field of climate change.},
journal = {International environmental agreements : politics, law and economics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
pmid = {34629999},
issn = {1573-1553},
abstract = {The UNFCCC and Paris Climate Agreement set the environmental agenda for many years to come, making environmental protection a global trend. Herewith, these documents created many unprecedented challenges for business, shifting the focus from the original role of commercial benefit to the trade-off between profit and social responsibility. The need to adapt business strategies to the existing agenda has created new requirements for shaping the investment environment. In this aspect, there arises the question regarding the organizational and legal form the investment activities can be carried out in and what additional regulatory instruments can be applied to simplify the procedure for attracting environmental investments. In the current conditions, corporate investment funds may be considered as promising instruments for achieving the goals of international climate agreements. The study suggests that corporate investment funds can become an effective tool for attracting environmental investments. The study purpose is to assess the role of corporate investment funds in international climate agreements goals achievement, to consider the possibility of development strategies to improve management efficiency in the corporate investment funds in terms of their linkage to UNFCCC, Paris Climate Agreement and in a comparative perspective. The study methodology is based on the analysis of world and Russian law enforcement practices in the corporate activities field through the application of a systematic approach. The relationship between corporate governance represented by big businesses and the state is considered in the framework of the investment mechanism and the institutional environment, which is visualized in the model of the business landscape of a corporate investment fund in order to determine management strategies in the operation and development of a corporate investment fund. The study results can be put into practice by financial market participants and other entities in order to increase the efficiency of the use of assets and knowledge of national jurisdictions in the context of world and Russian practices.},
}
@article {pmid34629165,
year = {2021},
author = {Leddin, D and Omary, MB and Veitch, A and Metz, G and Amrani, N and Aabakken, L and Raja Ali, RA and Alvares-Da-Silva, MR and Armstrong, D and Boyacioglu, S and Chen, Y and Elwakil, R and Fock, KM and Hamid, SS and Makharia, G and Macrae, F and Malekzadeh, R and Mulder, CJ and Piscoya, A and Perman, ML and Sadeghi, A and Sáenz, R and Saurin, JC and Butt, AS and Wu, K and Lee, YY},
title = {Uniting the Global Gastroenterology Community to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change and Non-Recyclable Waste.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {161},
number = {5},
pages = {1354-1360},
doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.001},
pmid = {34629165},
issn = {1528-0012},
}
@article {pmid34628663,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhang, J and Liu, Y and Dai, L},
title = {Agricultural practice contributed more to changes in soybean yield than climate change from 1981 to 2010 in northeast China.},
journal = {Journal of the science of food and agriculture},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jsfa.11576},
pmid = {34628663},
issn = {1097-0010},
support = {42122003//the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars/ ; XDA28060200//the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; Y202016//the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS/ ; 2017RC101//the Program for "Kezhen" Excellent Talents in IGSNRR, CAS/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although climate change and agricultural practices have non-negligible impacts on crop yields, their quantitative contributions to soybean yields remain unclear. First-order difference multiple regression was used to determine the respective contributions of climate change and agricultural practice to changes in soybean yields at station level from 1981 to 2010 in northeast China.<br><br>RESULTS: From 1981 to 2010, the soybean yields at 87% of the stations were increasing with an average 41.18 kg ha year-1 change trend in northeast China. The individual impacts of climate change and agricultural practice on soybean yield were -0.33% to 0.58% year-1 and -3.3% to 7.89% year-1 , respectively. The sensitivity of the soybean yield to climatic factors was related to latitude, and yields at high-latitude stations were positively correlated with temperature but negatively correlated with accumulated sunshine hours. Climate change contributed -24% to 38% to the trend in soybean yield, and the temperature had the greatest effect of all the climatic factors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The contribution of agricultural practices was greater than that of climate change, counteracting the adverse effects of climate change and even affecting the direction of soybean yield changes. In adaptive decision making, priority should be given to management measures that have less impact on the environment, such as breeding new varieties adapted to specific latitudes, thus promoting the sustainable production of soybeans. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid34627910,
year = {2021},
author = {Arunrat, N and Sereenonchai, S and Chaowiwat, W and Wang, C},
title = {Climate change impact on major crop yield and water footprint under CMIP6 climate projections in repeated drought and flood areas in Thailand.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {807},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {150741},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150741},
pmid = {34627910},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Understanding crop yield and water requirements in response to the future climate at the local scale is essential to develop more precise and appropriate adaptation strategies. From this perspective, repeated drought and flood events in the lower north of Thailand were investigated. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of climate change on major crop yields and the water footprint (WF). Five global circulation model datasets from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), known as Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), were selected. Three future periods: near (2015-2039), mid (2040-2069), and far future (2070-2100) under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios were used to predict the major crop yields and WF changes in the future. The precipitation and maximum and minimum temperatures were projected to increase in all periods under both scenarios. Rice yields in irrigated areas were predicted to rise gradually over the three projection periods under SSP245 but decline in mid and far-future periods under SSP585. There was a predicted reduction of first and second rice crop yields by -6.0% to -17.7% under SSP585. Fortunately, those rice yields were expected to increase in the near-future period under SSP245 by 3.0% to 4.3%. Growing maize, soybean, or mung bean instead of a second rice crop will have a less negative impact on future climate change. Changing from growing rice to be planting maize twice per year and growing cassava had increased favorability in rain-fed areas. The WF changes in the future were associated with future crop yield changes; therefore, the decrease in WFs was due to an increase in crop yield and vice-versa. The total WFs of maize, soybean, mung bean, and cassava production were roughly half that of rice production, indicating that these crops are suitable alternatives in the dry season.},
}
@article {pmid34627466,
year = {2021},
author = {Sacks, E and Yangchen, S and Marten, R},
title = {COVID-19, climate change, and communities.},
journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health},
volume = {5},
number = {10},
pages = {e663-e664},
pmid = {34627466},
issn = {2542-5196},
support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; *Residence Characteristics ; },
}
@article {pmid34625789,
year = {2021},
author = {Bush, D},
title = {Erratum to: Long-term research reveals potential role of hybrids in climate-change adaptation. A commentary on 'Expansion of the rare Eucalyptus risdonii under climate change through hybridisation with a closely related species despite hybrid inferiority'.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcab109},
pmid = {34625789},
issn = {1095-8290},
}
@article {pmid34624898,
year = {2021},
author = {Ditzen, B and Nikendei, C and Härter, M},
title = {[Psychosocial Medicine in Times of Change: Climate Change and Mental Health].},
journal = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie},
volume = {71},
number = {9-10},
pages = {361-362},
doi = {10.1055/a-1541-6799},
pmid = {34624898},
issn = {1439-1058},
mesh = {Climate Change ; Humans ; *Medicine ; *Mental Health ; },
}
@article {pmid34623652,
year = {2021},
author = {Griffiths, L and Black, D and Bryan, M and Moffett, A},
title = {Strong 'on farm' focus needed on climate change.},
journal = {The Veterinary record},
volume = {189},
number = {7},
pages = {292},
doi = {10.1002/vetr.1042},
pmid = {34623652},
issn = {2042-7670},
}
@article {pmid34621043,
year = {2021},
author = {Tollefson, J},
title = {Climate change, science and COP26: have your say.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02746-6},
pmid = {34621043},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34620859,
year = {2021},
author = {David, CG and Hennig, A and Ratter, BMW and Roeber, V and Zahid, and Schlurmann, T},
title = {Considering socio-political framings when analyzing coastal climate change effects can prevent maldevelopment on small islands.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {5882},
pmid = {34620859},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Adapting to climate change and sea level rise is challenging on small islands. False adaptation can lead to adverse impacts on natural and societal dynamics. Therefore, an interdisciplinary perspective on the interaction of natural dynamics, societal demands, and political decisions is crucial. In this sense, this study scrutinizes coastal processes and socio-political dimensions of erosion on the reef island Fuvahmulah, the Maldives. The national government and Fuvahmulah's population have an opposed perception and attribution of the drivers and processes behind Fuvahmulah's most pressing coastal issue - coastal erosion. To review these perceptions, natural dynamics are recreated with process-based methods and discussed regarding present and projected marine pressures. Population surveys and interviews with actors in coastal development complement the physical insights into erosion on Fuvahmulah and describe the socio-political dimension of climate change adaptation on small islands. This interdisciplinary approach demonstrates how small-islands' adaptive capacities are typically impaired and disclose the potential of local knowledge to overcome maldevelopment.},
}
@article {pmid34620696,
year = {2021},
author = {Leddin, D and Omary, MB and Veitch, A and Metz, G and Amrani, N and Aabakken, L and Raja Ali, RA and Alvares-Da-Silva, MR and Armstrong, D and Boyacioglu, S and Chen, Y and Elwakil, R and Fock, KM and Hamid, SS and Makharia, G and Macrae, F and Malekzadeh, R and Mulder, CJ and Piscoya, A and Perman, ML and Sadeghi, A and Saenz, R and Saurin, JC and Butt, AS and Wu, K and Yeh Lee, Y},
title = {Uniting the global gastroenterology community to meet the challenge of climate change and non-recyclable waste.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {70},
number = {11},
pages = {2025-2029},
doi = {10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325789},
pmid = {34620696},
issn = {1468-3288},
}
@article {pmid34619002,
year = {2022},
author = {Renaud, LA and Festa-Bianchet, M and Pelletier, F},
title = {Testing the match-mismatch hypothesis in bighorn sheep in the context of climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {21-32},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15923},
pmid = {34619002},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //Canada Research Chairs Program/ ; //Alberta Conservation Association/ ; },
abstract = {In species with long gestation, females commit to reproduction several months before parturition. If cues driving conception date are uncoupled from spring conditions, parturition could be mistimed. Mismatch may increase with global change if the rate of temporal changes in autumn cues differs from the rate of change in spring conditions. Using 17 years of data on climate and vegetation phenology, we show that autumn temperature and precipitation, but not vegetation phenology, explain parturition date in bighorn sheep. Although autumn cues drive the timing of conception, they do not predict conditions at parturition in spring. We calculated the mismatch between individual parturition date and spring green-up, assessed whether mismatch increased over time and investigated the consequences of mismatch on lamb neonatal survival, weaning mass and overwinter survival. Mismatch fluctuated over time but showed no temporal trend. Temporal changes in green-up date did not lead to major fitness consequence of mismatch. Detailed data on individually marked animals revealed no effect of mismatch on neonatal or overwinter survival, but lamb weaning mass was negatively affected by mismatch. Capital breeders might be less sensitive to mismatch than income breeders because they are less dependent on daily food acquisition. Herbivores in seasonal environments may access sufficient forage to sustain lactation before or after the spring 'peak' green-up, and partly mitigate the consequences of a mismatch. Thus, the effect of phenological mismatch on fitness may be affected by species life history, highlighting the complexity in quantifying trophic mismatches in the context of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34617932,
year = {2021},
author = {Leddin, D and Omary, MB and Veitch, A and Metz, G and Amrani, N and Aabakken, L and Ali, RAR and Alvares-da-Silva, MR and Armstrong, D and Boyacioglu, S and Chen, Y and Elwakil, R and Fock, KM and Hamid, SS and Makharia, G and Macrae, F and Malekzadeh, R and Mulder, CJ and Piscoya, A and Perman, ML and Sadeghi, A and Sáenz, R and Saurin, JC and Butt, AS and Wu, K and Lee, YY},
title = {Uniting the Global Gastroenterology Community to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change and Nonrecyclable Waste.},
journal = {Journal of clinical gastroenterology},
volume = {55},
number = {10},
pages = {823-829},
pmid = {34617932},
issn = {1539-2031},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Gastroenterology ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Climate change has been described as the greatest public health threat of the 21st century. It has significant implications for digestive health. A multinational team with representation from all continents, excluding Antarctica and covering 18 countries, has formulated a commentary which outlines both the implications for digestive health and ways in which this challenge can be faced.},
}
@article {pmid34617662,
year = {2021},
author = {Hosseini, N and Mehrabian, A and Mostafavi, H},
title = {Modeling climate change effects on spatial distribution of wild Aegilops L. (Poaceae) toward food security management and biodiversity conservation in Iran.},
journal = {Integrated environmental assessment and management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ieam.4531},
pmid = {34617662},
issn = {1551-3793},
abstract = {The demand for food resources is increasing quickly because human populations are growing; therefore, food security may become one of the largest human challenges of this century. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are the most valuable plant genetic resources (PGR) for the conservation of genetic diversity in crops. However, climate change is an added pressure on biodiversity, particularly on this valuable group of plants. It is predicted that more than 50% of this group may be lost by 2055 as a result of the effects of climate change. Iran ranks high in the world in its conservation priorities for CWRs. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on Aegilops L. as important CWRs. MaxEnt was applied to predict the spatial distribution of seven Aegilops species under different climatic scenarios (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5) of 2050 and 2080. According to the findings, all species exhibited reduction or expansion responses under all of the above-mentioned climatic scenarios. However, the range change was negative for some species (i.e., Aegilops columnaris, Aegilops cylindrica, Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops tauschii [in all scenarios of 2050 and 2080], and Aegilops kotschyi [RCP 2.6 2050 and 2080]), and positive for others (i.e., Aegilops crassa, Aegilops triuncialis [in all scenarios of 2050 and 2080], and Aegilops kotschyi [RCP 8.5 2050 and 2080]). The results of this study emphasize the need for conservation plans for the country's genetic resources, including regular monitoring and assessment of ecological and demographic changes. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;00:1-12. © 2021 SETAC.},
}
@article {pmid34617225,
year = {2021},
author = {Naghavi, S and Ebrahimi-Khusfi, Z and Mirzaei, A},
title = {Decoupling pollution-agricultural growth and predicting climate change impacts on decoupling index using Bayesian network in different climatic regions.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34617225},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Applying the principles of healthy products through agriculture practices has become an important issue due to significant environmental impacts of agrochemicals application. The agrochemicals have been recognized as an essential component of modern agriculture, but they are also an important source of environmental pollution that threatens the human's health and are main sources of carbon emissions. Pesticides and fertilizers application are important in the process of Iran's food production. In Iran, intensifying the agricultural production has led to overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This work is the first effort to quantify and compare the decoupling index pollution from agricultural sector using Tapio decoupling indicator and predict climate change impacts on this index by using Bayesian network across the whole country of Iran. For this purpose, required annual data of predictor variables for the period of 2008 to 2018 was used to calculate the decoupling index. For projecting climate change impacts on this index by using Bayesian network, monthly mean values of climatic variables were used. While Iranian farmers are criticized for pesticide overuse, these study findings showed that during the period of 2008-2018, decoupling index for pesticides (agricultural pollution by using pesticide) and decoupling index for fertilizer (agricultural pollution by using fertilizer) in the selected provinces fluctuate between RD-SD, SD-SD, SD-SD, and RD-SD. Therefore, the decoupling states show that in most study years, there is a strong decoupling of agricultural growth in selected provinces. This means that in the selected provinces, pollutant emissions of chemical fertilizer and pesticides use for agricultural productions have decreased and it has been well controlled. Therefore, by expansion of agricultural sector, the situation of agricultural pollution in these provinces in most years has not been intensified. Control of agricultural pollution in these provinces has shown a positive and significant impact on public health. In selected provinces, the cleaner agricultural products and application of organic fertilizers have been increased. This study results also showed that the climate change will accelerate increment of pests population and thus pesticides application in different climatic regions.},
}
@article {pmid34615634,
year = {2021},
author = {Stern, N and Patel, IG and Ward, B},
title = {Covid-19, climate change, and the environment: a sustainable, inclusive, and resilient global recovery.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {n2405},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.n2405},
pmid = {34615634},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid34614285,
year = {2022},
author = {Ravi, S and Law, DJ and Caplan, JS and Barron-Gafford, GA and Dontsova, KM and Espeleta, JF and Villegas, JC and Okin, GS and Breshears, DD and Huxman, TE},
title = {Biological invasions and climate change amplify each other's effects on dryland degradation.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {285-295},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15919},
pmid = {34614285},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas/ ; ARZT-1390130-M12-222//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, McIntire Stennis/ ; },
abstract = {Climate models predict that, in the coming decades, many arid regions will experience increasingly hot conditions and will be affected more frequently by drought. These regions are also experiencing rapid vegetation change, notably invasion by exotic grasses. Invasive grasses spread rapidly into native desert ecosystems due, in particular, to interannual variability in precipitation and periodic fires. The resultant destruction of non-fire-adapted native shrub and grass communities and of the inherent soil resource heterogeneity can yield invader-dominated grasslands. Moreover, recurrent droughts are expected to cause widespread physiological stress and mortality of both invasive and native plants, as well as the loss of soil resources. However, the magnitude of these effects may differ between invasive and native grasses, especially under warmer conditions, rendering the trajectory of vegetated communities uncertain. Using the Biosphere 2 facility in the Sonoran Desert, we evaluated the viability of these hypothesized relationships by simulating combinations of drought and elevated temperature (+5°C) and assessing the ecophysiological and mortality responses of both a dominant invasive grass (Pennisetum ciliare or buffelgrass) and a dominant native grass (Heteropogan contortus or tanglehead). While both grasses survived protracted drought at ambient temperatures by inducing dormancy, drought under warmed conditions exceeded the tolerance limits of the native species, resulting in greater and more rapid mortality than exhibited by the invasive. Thus, two major drivers of global environmental change, biological invasion and climate change, can be expected to synergistically accelerate ecosystem degradation unless large-scale interventions are enacted.},
}
@article {pmid34614272,
year = {2021},
author = {Schloss, CA and Cameron, DR and McRae, BH and Theobald, DM and Jones, A},
title = {"No-regrets" pathways for navigating climate change: planning for connectivity with land use, topography, and climate.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e02468},
doi = {10.1002/eap.2468},
pmid = {34614272},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//Nature Conservancy California Chapter Science Catalyst Fund/ ; },
abstract = {As both plant and animal species shift their ranges in response to a changing climate, maintaining connectivity between present habitat and suitable habitat in the future will become increasingly important to ensure lasting protection for biodiversity. Because the temporal period commensurate with planning for mid-century change is multi-generational for most species, connectivity designed to facilitate climate adaptation requires pathways with 'stepping-stones' between current and future habitat. These areas should have habitats suitable not only for dispersal, but for all aspects of species lifecycles. We integrated present-day land use, topographic diversity, and projections of shifting climate regimes into a single connectivity modeling approach to identify pathways for mid-century shifts in species ranges. Using Omniscape we identified climate linkages, or areas important for climate change-driven movement, as the areas with more current flow than would be expected in the absence of climate considerations. This approach identified connectivity potential between natural lands in the present climate and natural lands with future analogous climate following topo-climatically diverse routes. We then translated the model output into a strategic framework to improve interpretation and to facilitate a more direct connection with conservation action. Across modified landscapes, pathways important to climate-driven movement were highly coincident with the last remaining present-day linkages, reinforcing their importance. Across unfragmented lands, the presence of climate-adapted pathways helped inform the prioritization of conservation actions in areas where multiple connectivity options still exist. Many climate linkages follow major watercourses along elevational gradients, highlighting the importance of protecting or managing for these natural linear pathways that provide movement routes for climate adaptation. By integrating enduring landscape features with climate projections and present-day land uses, our approach reveals "no-regrets" pathways to plan for a connected landscape in an uncertain future.},
}
@article {pmid34611559,
year = {2021},
author = {Gemeda, DO and Korecha, D and Garedew, W},
title = {Evidences of climate change presences in the wettest parts of southwest Ethiopia.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {9},
pages = {e08009},
pmid = {34611559},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Climate change has been identified as a major challenge of rainfed agriculture. To contextualize whether there is climate change footprint, identification of rainfall and temperature trend at regional and local scale is helpful for designing long-term adaptation and mitigation strategies. The present study therefore aims to assess evidences of climate change presences in terms of, climate variability and trend in the wettest parts of Southwest Ethiopia. Daily and monthly historical gridded rainfall and temperature data (1983-2016) of ten stations were provided by Ethiopian National Metrological Agency. Moreover, long years historical recorded climate data of Nekemte and Bedele (1971-2020) and Sekoru (1981-2020) were used in the present study. Coefficient of variation, the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test and Sen's slope estimator, linear regression analysis and the precipitation concentration index were applied to detect the presence of climate change in the southwest parts of Ethiopia. In this study, the trend package of open R software employed for trend identification and rate of change per year. The results indicate that the annual rainfall has declining trend at five stations with statistically significant at one station while the mean maximum and minimum temperature shows a statistically significant increasing trend at eight and six stations, respectively. At a seasonal scale, the amount of rainfall in the main rainy season (June to August) is dominated by a downward trend (eight out of ten stations) while, the autumn season (September to November) shows an increasing trend in all stations with statistically significant at one station. The precipitation concentration index analysis revealed that inconsistent and significantly irregular precipitation is observed at six stations (60%) of the ten stations. This study concludes that the climate of the wettest parts of Ethiopia is getting warmer and the amount of rainfall in the main rainy season has declined in the vast majority of the study area.},
}
@article {pmid34610263,
year = {2021},
author = {Gregorio de Souza, J and Noelli, FS and Madella, M},
title = {Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000-500 BP).},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface},
volume = {18},
number = {183},
pages = {20210499},
pmid = {34610263},
issn = {1742-5662},
mesh = {*Archaeology ; *Climate Change ; Forests ; Linguistics ; South America ; },
abstract = {The expansion of forest farmers across tropical lowland South America during the Late Holocene has long been connected to climate change. The more humid conditions established during the Late Holocene are assumed to have driven the expansion of forests, which would have facilitated the dispersal of cultures that practised agroforestry. The Tupi, a language family of widespread distribution in South America, occupies a central place in the debate. Not only are they one of the largest families in the continent, but their expansion from an Amazonian homeland has long been hypothesized to have followed forested environments wherever they settled. Here, we assess that hypothesis using a simulation approach. We employ equation-based and cellular automaton models, simulating demic-diffusion processes under two different scenarios: a null model in which all land cells can be equally settled, and an alternative model in which non-forested cells cannot be settled or delay the expansion. We show that including land cover as a constraint to movement results in a better approximation of the Tupi expansion as reconstructed by archaeology and linguistics.},
}
@article {pmid34610253,
year = {2021},
author = {Linck, EB and Freeman, BG and Cadena, CD and Ghalambor, CK},
title = {Evolutionary conservatism will limit responses to climate change in the tropics.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {20210363},
pmid = {34610253},
issn = {1744-957X},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; *Genetic Speciation ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Rapid species turnover in tropical mountains has fascinated biologists for centuries. A popular explanation for this heightened beta diversity is that climatic stability at low latitudes promotes the evolution of narrow thermal tolerance ranges, leading to local adaptation, evolutionary divergence and parapatric speciation along elevational gradients. However, an emerging consensus from research spanning phylogenetics, biogeography and behavioural ecology is that this process rarely, if ever, occurs. Instead, closely related species typically occupy a similar elevational niche, while species with divergent elevational niches tend to be more distantly related. These results suggest populations have responded to past environmental change not by adapting and diverging in place, but instead by shifting their distributions to tightly track climate over time. We argue that tropical species are likely to respond similarly to ongoing and future climate warming, an inference supported by evidence from recent range shifts. In the absence of widespread in situ adaptation to new climate regimes by tropical taxa, conservation planning should prioritize protecting large swaths of habitat to facilitate movement.},
}
@article {pmid34609254,
year = {2021},
author = {Rao, ST},
title = {Introduction to Invited Papers on Climate Change.},
journal = {Journal of the Air &amp; Waste Management Association (1995)},
volume = {71},
number = {10},
pages = {1185},
doi = {10.1080/10962247.2021.1960102},
pmid = {34609254},
issn = {2162-2906},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; },
}
@article {pmid34609246,
year = {2021},
author = {Lockhart, JS},
title = {The Good, Bad, and Ugly of Climate Change: A Timely Opportunity for Nursing Professional Development Practitioners.},
journal = {Journal of continuing education in nursing},
volume = {52},
number = {10},
pages = {447-448},
doi = {10.3928/00220124-20210913-01},
pmid = {34609246},
issn = {1938-2472},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; *Nurse Practitioners ; },
}
@article {pmid34607952,
year = {2021},
author = {Raposeiro, PM and Hernández, A and Pla-Rabes, S and Gonçalves, V and Bao, R and Sáez, A and Shanahan, T and Benavente, M and de Boer, EJ and Richter, N and Gordon, V and Marques, H and Sousa, PM and Souto, M and Matias, MG and Aguiar, N and Pereira, C and Ritter, C and Rubio, MJ and Salcedo, M and Vázquez-Loureiro, D and Margalef, O and Amaral-Zettler, LA and Costa, AC and Huang, Y and van Leeuwen, JFN and Masqué, P and Prego, R and Ruiz-Fernández, AC and Sanchez-Cabeza, JA and Trigo, R and Giralt, S},
title = {Climate change facilitated the early colonization of the Azores Archipelago during medieval times.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {118},
number = {41},
pages = {},
pmid = {34607952},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {Humans have made such dramatic and permanent changes to Earth's landscapes that much of it is now substantially and irreversibly altered from its preanthropogenic state. Remote islands, until recently isolated from humans, offer insights into how these landscapes evolved in response to human-induced perturbations. However, little is known about when and how remote systems were colonized because archaeological data and historical records are scarce and incomplete. Here, we use a multiproxy approach to reconstruct the initial colonization and subsequent environmental impacts on the Azores Archipelago. Our reconstructions provide unambiguous evidence for widespread human disturbance of this archipelago starting between 700-60 +50 and 850-60 +60 Common Era (CE), ca. 700 y earlier than historical records suggest the onset of Portuguese settlement of the islands. Settlement proceeded in three phases, during which human pressure on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems grew steadily (i.e., through livestock introductions, logging, and fire), resulting in irreversible changes. Our climate models suggest that the initial colonization at the end of the early Middle Ages (500 to 900 CE) occurred in conjunction with anomalous northeasterly winds and warmer Northern Hemisphere temperatures. These climate conditions likely inhibited exploration from southern Europe and facilitated human settlers from the northeast Atlantic. These results are consistent with recent archaeological and genetic data suggesting that the Norse were most likely the earliest settlers on the islands.},
}
@article {pmid34607664,
year = {2021},
author = {Cao, X and Huo, S and Zhang, H and Zheng, J and He, Z and Ma, C and Song, S},
title = {Source emissions and climate change impacts on the multimedia transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants, Chaohu watershed, eastern China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)},
volume = {109},
number = {},
pages = {15-25},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.028},
pmid = {34607664},
issn = {1001-0742},
mesh = {China ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Multimedia ; Persistent Organic Pollutants ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; },
abstract = {Emission intensity and climate change control the transport flux and fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in multiple environmental compartments. This study applied a multimedia model (BETR model) to explore alternations in the spatio-temporal trends of concentrations and transport flux of benzopyrene (BaP), phenanthrene (Phe), perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Chaohu watershed, located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China in response to changes in source emissions and climate. The potential historic and future risks of these pollutants also were assessed. The results suggest that current trends in concentrations and transport were similar to that of their emissions between 2005 and 2018. During the next 100 years, temporal trends and spatial patterns were not predicted to change significantly, which is consistent with climate change. Based on sensitivity and correlation analyses, climate change had significant effects on multi-media concentrations and transport fluxes of BaP, Phe, PFOS and PCBs, and rainfall intensity was the predominant controlling factor. Risk quotients (RQs) of BaP and Phe-in soil increased from 0.42 to 0.95 and 0.06 to 0.35, respectively, from 2005 to 2090, indicating potential risks. The RQs of the other examined contaminants exhibited little potential risk in soil, water, or sediment. Based on spatial patterns, it was inferred that the ecosystem around Lake Chaohu is the most at risk. The study provides insights needed for local pollution control of POPs in the Chaohu watershed. In addition, the developed approach can be applied to other watersheds world-wide.},
}
@article {pmid34607354,
year = {2021},
author = {Semba, RD and Askari, S and Gibson, S and Bloem, MW and Kraemer, K},
title = {The Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Micronutrient-Rich Food Supply.},
journal = {Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/advances/nmab104},
pmid = {34607354},
issn = {2156-5376},
support = {//Children's Investment Fund Foundation/ ; //Santa Barbara Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Micronutrient deficiencies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries worldwide. Climate change, characterized by increasing global surface temperatures and alterations in rainfall, has the capacity to affect the quality and accessibility of micronutrient-rich foods. The goals of this review are to summarize the potential effects of climate change and its consequences on agricultural yield and micronutrient quality, primarily zinc, iron, and vitamin A, of plant foods and upon the availability of animal foods, to discuss the implications for micronutrient deficiencies in the future, and to present possible mitigation and adaptive strategies. In general, the combination of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and rising temperature is predicted to reduce the overall yield of major staple crops, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, more than altering their micronutrient content. Crop yield is also reduced by elevated ground-level ozone and increased extreme weather events. Pollinator loss is expected to reduce the yield of many pollinator-dependent crops such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Sea-level rise resulting from melting of ice sheets and glaciers is predicted to result in coastal inundation, salt intrusion, and loss of coral reefs and mangrove forests, with an adverse impact upon coastal rice production and coastal fisheries. Global ocean fisheries catch is predicted to decline because of ocean warming and declining oxygen. Freshwater warming is also expected to alter ecosystems and reduce inland fisheries catch. In addition to limiting greenhouse gas production, adaptive strategies include postharvest fortification of foods; micronutrient supplementation; biofortification of staple crops with zinc and iron; plant breeding or genetic approaches to increase zinc, iron, and provitamin A carotenoid content of plant foods; and developing staple crops that are tolerant of abiotic stressors such as elevated carbon dioxide, elevated temperature, and increased soil salinity.},
}
@article {pmid34606498,
year = {2021},
author = {Lavender, E and Fox, CJ and Burrows, MT},
title = {Modelling the impacts of climate change on thermal habitat suitability for shallow-water marine fish at a global scale.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e0258184},
pmid = {34606498},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*physiology ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; *Internationality ; Normal Distribution ; Species Specificity ; Temperature ; *Water ; },
abstract = {Understanding and predicting the response of marine communities to climate change at large spatial scales, and distilling this information for policymakers, are prerequisites for ecosystem-based management. Changes in thermal habitat suitability across species' distributions are especially concerning because of their implications for abundance, affecting species' conservation, trophic interactions and fisheries. However, most predictive studies of the effects of climate change have tended to be sub-global in scale and focused on shifts in species' range edges or commercially exploited species. Here, we develop a widely applicable methodology based on climate response curves to predict global-scale changes in thermal habitat suitability. We apply the approach across the distributions of 2,293 shallow-water fish species under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 by 2050-2100. We find a clear pattern of predicted declines in thermal habitat suitability in the tropics versus general increases at higher latitudes. The Indo-Pacific, the Caribbean and western Africa emerge as the areas of most concern, where high species richness and the strongest declines in thermal habitat suitability coincide. This reflects a pattern of consistently narrow thermal ranges, with most species in these regions already exposed to temperatures above inferred thermal optima. In contrast, in temperate regions, such as northern Europe, where most species live below thermal optima and thermal ranges are wider, positive changes in thermal habitat suitability suggest that these areas are likely to emerge as the greatest beneficiaries of climate change, despite strong predicted temperature increases.},
}
@article {pmid34606086,
year = {2021},
author = {Coni, EOC and Booth, DJ and Ferreira, CM and Nagelkerken, I},
title = {Behavioural generalism could facilitate coexistence of tropical and temperate fishes under climate change.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13599},
pmid = {34606086},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {DP170101722//Australian Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {Coral-reef fishes are shifting their distributions poleward in response to human-mediated ocean warming; yet, the consequences for recipient temperate fish communities remain poorly understood. Behavioural modification is often the first response of species to environmental change, but we know little about how this might shape the ongoing colonisation by tropical fishes of temperate-latitude ecosystems under climate change. In a global hotspot of ocean warming (southeast Australia), we quantified 14 behavioural traits of invading tropical and local co-occurring temperate fishes at 10 sites across a 730 km latitudinal gradient as a proxy of species behavioural niche space in different climate ranges (subtropical, warm-temperate and cold-temperate). We found that tropical fishes (four species) modified their behavioural niches as well as increased their overall behavioural niche breadth in their novel temperate ranges where temperate species predominate, but maintained a moderate to high niche segregation with native temperate species across latitudinal range position. Temperate species (three co-occurring species) also modified their niches, but in contrast to tropical species, experienced an increased niche breadth towards subtropical ranges. Alterations to feeding and shoaling behaviours contributed most to niche modifications in tropical and temperate species, while behaviours related to alertness and escape from potential threats contributed least. We here show that at warmer and colder range edges where community structures are being reshuffled due to climate change, behavioural generalism and niche modification are potential mechanisms adopted by tropical range extenders and native temperate fishes to adjust to novel species interactions under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34603904,
year = {2021},
author = {Leal Filho, W and Sima, M and Sharifi, A and Luetz, JM and Salvia, AL and Mifsud, M and Olooto, FM and Djekic, I and Anholon, R and Rampasso, I and Kwabena Donkor, F and Dinis, MAP and Klavins, M and Finnveden, G and Chari, MM and Molthan-Hill, P and Mifsud, A and Sen, SK and Lokupitiya, E},
title = {Handling climate change education at universities: an overview.},
journal = {Environmental sciences Europe},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {109},
pmid = {34603904},
issn = {2190-4707},
abstract = {Background: Climate change is a problem which is global in nature, and whose effects go across a wide range of disciplines. It is therefore important that this theme is taken into account as part of universities´ teaching and research programs.<br><br>Methods: A three-tiered approach was used, consisting of a bibliometric analysis, an online survey and a set of case studies, which allow a profile to be built, as to how a sample of universities from 45 countries handle climate change as part of their teaching programs.<br><br>Results: This paper reports on a study which aimed at identifying the extent to which matters related to climate change are addressed within the teaching and research practices at universities, with a focus on the training needs of teaching staff. It consists of a bibliometric analysis, combined with an online worldwide survey aimed at ascertaining the degree of involvement from universities in reducing their own carbon footprint, and the ways they offer training provisions on the topic. This is complemented by a set of 12 case studies from universities round the world, illustrating current trends on how universities handle climate change. Apart from reporting on the outcomes of the study, the paper highlights what some universities are doing to handle climate issues, and discusses the implications of the research.<br><br>Conclusions: The paper lists some items via which universities may better educate and train their students on how to handle the many challenges posed by climate change.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-021-00552-5.},
}
@article {pmid34602852,
year = {2021},
author = {Khan, MK and Trinh, HH and Khan, IU and Ullah, S},
title = {Sustainable economic activities, climate change, and carbon risk: an international evidence.},
journal = {Environment, development and sustainability},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-23},
pmid = {34602852},
issn = {1573-2975},
abstract = {The employment of renewable resources and their association with the real economy's growth in mitigating the problem of carbon emission risk has been debated in the literature in a specific group of countries and regions. However, their relations and effects for a better sustainable energy transmission would need further research works in an international context. Motivated by that reason, this study contributes to the ongoing literature by revisiting the effects of renewable energy consumption, electricity output, and economic activities on carbon risk using a global sample of 219 countries over the period of 1990-2020. Using GMM estimation, simultaneous quantile, and panel quantile estimations; the study finds supportive findings showing that the higher the countries with renewable energy consumption and electricity output the better the capacity those countries can mitigate the environmental degradation by reducing the amount of total carbon emission over time. However, those relations are changed when using system GMM approaches, implying the role of FDI inflows and the difference in income groups in the selected sample countries. This can be intuitively explained that emerging countries might give more priority to the economic growth receiving FDI inflows from more advanced economies and balancing the trade-off between economic growth and environmental protection, while the developed economies with their advantages in green technologies and financial flexibility might have higher advantages in acquiring a sustainable transition and maintaining the real economy's growth without significant trade-off concerns. Finally, the study provides important policy implications and avenues for further research.},
}
@article {pmid34602701,
year = {2021},
author = {Kassam, KA and Ruelle, M and Haag, I and Bulbulshoev, U and Kaziev, D and Louis, L and Ullmann, A and Edwards, I and Khan, AA and Trabucco, A and Samimi, C},
title = {Engaging Transformation: Using Seasonal Rounds to Anticipate Climate Change.},
journal = {Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
pmid = {34602701},
issn = {0300-7839},
abstract = {Seasonal rounds are deliberative articulations of a community's sociocultural relations with their ecological system. The process of visualizing seasonal rounds informs transdisciplinary research. We present a methodological approach for communities of enquiry to engage communities of practice through context-specific sociocultural and ecological relations driven by seasonal change. We first discuss historical précis of the concept of seasonal rounds that we apply to assess the spatial and temporal communal migrations and then describe current international research among Indigenous and rural communities in North America and Central Asia by the creation of a common vocabulary through mutual respect for multiple ways of knowing, validation of co-generated knowledge, and insights into seasonal change. By investigating the relationship between specific biophysical indicators and livelihoods of local communities, we demonstrate that seasonal rounds are an inclusive and participatory methodology that brings together diverse Indigenous and rural voices to anticipate anthropogenic climate change.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10745-021-00269-2.},
}
@article {pmid34602024,
year = {2021},
author = {Charnley, GEC and Kelman, I and Murray, KA},
title = {Drought-related cholera outbreaks in Africa and the implications for climate change: a narrative review.},
journal = {Pathogens and global health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/20477724.2021.1981716},
pmid = {34602024},
issn = {2047-7732},
abstract = {Africa has historically seen several periods of prolonged and extreme droughts across the continent, causing food insecurity, exacerbating social inequity and frequent mortality. A known consequence of droughts and their associated risk factors are infectious disease outbreaks, which are worsened by malnutrition, poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene and population displacement. Cholera is a potential causative agent of such outbreaks. Africa has the highest global cholera burden, several drought-prone regions and high levels of inequity. Despite this, research on cholera and drought in Africa is lacking. Here, we review available research on drought-related cholera outbreaks in Africa and identify a variety of potential mechanisms through which these outbreaks occurred, including poor access to water, marginalization of refugees and nomadic populations, expansion of informal urban settlements and demographic risks. Future climate change may alter precipitation, temperature and drought patterns, resulting in more extremes, although these changes are likely to be spatially heterogeneous. Despite high uncertainty in future drought projections, increases in drought frequency and/or durations have the potential to alter these related outbreaks into the future, potentially increasing cholera burden in the absence of countermeasures (e.g. improved sanitation infrastructure). To enable effective planning for a potentially more drought-prone Africa, inequity must be addressed, research on the health implications of drought should be enhanced, and better drought diplomacy is required to improve drought resilience under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34601632,
year = {2021},
author = {El-Sayed, AM and Ganji, S and Gross, J and Giesen, N and Rid, M and Lo, PL and Kokeny, A and Unelius, CR},
title = {Climate change risk to pheromone application in pest management.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {108},
number = {6},
pages = {47},
pmid = {34601632},
issn = {1432-1904},
mesh = {Animals ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Male ; *Moths ; Pest Control ; Pheromones/pharmacology ; *Sex Attractants/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Since of the first sex pheromone and the adoption of pheromone in pest management, the global pheromone market size has grown to reach USD 2.4 billion per year in 2019. This has enabled the development of environmentally friendly approaches that significantly reduce the application of pesticides. Recently, there have been reports of the failure of various commercial codlemone: (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol formulations used for monitoring the apple pest codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). This work was initiated to investigate factors behind the lack of efficacy of codlemone lure in the Northern Hemisphere (Germany) and Southern Hemisphere (New Zealand). We hypothesised that the observed failure could be due to two main factors: (a) a shift in the response of male codling moth to codlemone and (b) degradation of codlemone under field conditions that renders the lure less attractive. Field trial tests of various doses and blends containing minor pheromone compounds suggested no change in response of male codling moth. The addition of an antioxidant and a UV stabiliser to codlemone resulted in a significant increase in the number of males caught in Germany, but not in New Zealand. Mean maximum temperatures during the growing season since 2004 indicate a 3 °C increase to 35 °C in Germany, but just a 1.5 °C rise to 30 °C in New Zealand. Chemical analysis of the lures used in the field trials in Germany and New Zealand indicated more degradation products and reduced half-life of the lures in Germany compared with those in New Zealand. Heating codlemone lures to 32 °C significantly reduced the number of males caught in traps and increased the isomeric and chemical impurities of codlemone compared with unheated lures. Our data provide the first evidence that climate change affects pheromone molecule stability, thus reducing its biological efficacy. Our finding suggests that climate change could be a general problem for chemical communication and, therefore, could affect the integrity of natural ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid34601359,
year = {2021},
author = {Qian, SS and Kennen, JG and May, J and Freeman, MC and Cuffney, TF},
title = {Evaluating the impact of watershed development and climate change on stream ecosystems: A Bayesian network modeling approach.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {205},
number = {},
pages = {117685},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2021.117685},
pmid = {34601359},
issn = {1879-2448},
mesh = {Bayes Theorem ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; *Rivers ; },
abstract = {A continuous-variable Bayesian network (cBN) model is used to link watershed development and climate change to stream ecosystem indicators. A graphical model, reflecting our understanding of the connections between climate change, weather condition, loss of natural land cover, stream flow characteristics, and stream ecosystem indicators is used as the basis for selecting flow metrics for predicting macroinvertebrate-based indicators. Selected flow metrics were then linked to variables representing watershed development and climate change. We fit the model to data from two river basins in southeast US and the resulting model was used to simulate future stream ecological conditions using projected future climate and development scenarios. The three climate models predicted varying ecological condition trajectories, but similar worst-case ecological conditions. The established modeling approach couples mechanistic understanding with field data to develop predictions of management-relevant variables across a heterogeneous landscape. We discussed the transferability of the modeling approach.},
}
@article {pmid34600983,
year = {2022},
author = {Ashrafi, S and Kerachian, R and Pourmoghim, P and Behboudian, M and Motlaghzadeh, K},
title = {Evaluating and improving the sustainability of ecosystem services in river basins under climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {150702},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150702},
pmid = {34600983},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {This paper presents a new framework for evaluating the sustainability of basin-wide ecosystem services (ESs) including provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services. In this framework, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and MODSIM1 models and experts' opinions are used to evaluate the ESs. To show the applicability of the proposed framework, it is applied to the Zarrinehrud river basin under three different climate change (CC) scenarios (i.e., RCP 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) for two different time horizons (i.e., 2020-2049 and 2020-2098). This basin is the main water supplier of the largest hypersaline lake in the Middle East, Lake Urmia. In the next step, 128 water resources management (WRM) scenarios are taken into account considering the projects defined by Urmia Lake Restoration National Committee (ULRNC). All ecosystem services are evaluated considering all WRM and CC scenarios. Finally, a group COPRAS-based decision-making approach is used to determine the best WRM scenario under climate change. The results show that WRM scenario 128 is the best scenario for improving ecosystem services in the study area. This scenario includes some projects such as allocating water to the lake from new resources, rehabilitating irrigation and draining networks, and improving cropping patterns.},
}
@article {pmid34600426,
year = {2022},
author = {Mansoor, S and Farooq, I and Kachroo, MM and Mahmoud, AED and Fawzy, M and Popescu, SM and Alyemeni, MN and Sonne, C and Rinklebe, J and Ahmad, P},
title = {Elevation in wildfire frequencies with respect to the climate change.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {301},
number = {},
pages = {113769},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113769},
pmid = {34600426},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Climate Change ; Droughts ; *Fires ; Forests ; Humans ; Trees ; *Wildfires ; },
abstract = {Forests have been undergoing through immense pressure due to the factors like human activities; procurement of forest products and climate change which is a major factor influencing this pressure buildup on forests. Climate change and temperature increase caused by anthropogenic activities have notably affected forests and wildlife on a global scale. High temperature increases the soil-water evaporation, resulting in drier soils, and water loss in forest flora. The incidence of forest fires has doubled since 1984 and these are linked to global warming. Drought influences fuel moisture by bringing about physiological changes in forest vegetation leading to forest fires. Forest resilience is hampered because of temperature and drought stress at the developing stage of plant's life cycle leading to the shift in plant species in those areas. Forest fire incidences can be managed with proper management strategies such as sustainable, community and urban forest management. A careful monitoring of stress precursors, subsistence uses of forests, ecological education and planting of near native and new indigenous plant species are the tools that can aid in efficient forest management.},
}
@article {pmid34600422,
year = {2022},
author = {Bethel, MB and Braud, DH and Lambeth, T and Dardar, DS and Ferguson-Bohnee, P},
title = {Mapping risk factors to climate change impacts using traditional ecological knowledge to support adaptation planning with a Native American Tribe in Louisiana.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {301},
number = {},
pages = {113801},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113801},
pmid = {34600422},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Acclimatization ; American Indians or Alaska Natives ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Indigenous communities are often on the front-lines of climate change, and for tribes such as the Pointe-au-Chien Indian Tribe (PACIT) that make their homes and livelihoods in the dynamic landscapes of Coastal Louisiana (USA), sea-level rise, subsidence, and land loss are very real reminders of why they must continue to hone their adaptive capacity that has evolved over many generations and continues to evolve as the pace of change quickens. PACIT members have an inherited wisdom about their surrounding environment and continue to build on that body of observational knowledge that is passed from generation to generation to sustain themselves in this dynamic landscape. This knowledge is woven through their culture and is sometimes referred to as traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). The PACIT and other Indigenous communities around the world are using creative strategies to adapt to the impacts of climate change that include partnering with researchers to combine their TEK with science in approaches to enhance strategies dealing with climate change impacts, mitigation, and adaptation. Tribes and other Indigenous communities often have a strong connection to place that helps to inspire innovative ideas to promote greater sustainability of vulnerable ecosystems and the communities that depend on them, but not the institutional support to implement them. Overcoming this barrier requires a better understanding of their perception of the issues and what they prioritize in sustaining their cultures and the ecosystems on which they depend. Better inclusion of their knowledge into applied research is necessary to support these communities in their efforts to make sure their knowledge is recognized, understood, and valued in environmental management applications. The primary goal for this study was to develop a decision-support tool that aids the PACIT in assessing local ecological change and associated risks to the Tribe's resilience. Using remote sensing datasets and geographic information systems (GIS) processes to represent aspects of the Tribe's TEK to achieve this goal, we developed methods for producing interactive maps that reflect local perceptions of landscape features within the Tribe's ecosystem-dependent livelihood base that contribute most to the community's physical vulnerability to coastal hazards. This case study is offered to consider how Indigenous communities like the PACIT are shaping their own coastal hazards mitigation planning efforts in line with their unique needs, cultural practices, and values. The results of this study can provide relevant insight to applied environmental scientists and others working with Indigenous communities that are facing similar circumstances around the world.},
}
@article {pmid34599448,
year = {2021},
author = {Shang, J and Zhang, Y and Peng, Y and Huang, Y and Zhu, L and Wu, Z and Wang, J and Cui, Y},
title = {Climate change drives NDVI variations at multiple spatiotemporal levels rather than human disturbance in Northwest China.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34599448},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {2017YFC0505606//The National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Changes in land management and climate alter vegetation dynamics; however, the factors driving vegetation changes remain elusive at multiple spatiotemporal levels. Here, we assess the drivers of changes in greenness from 2000 to 2015 in Northwest China (NW China). We used multiple stepwise linear regression (MSLR), redundancy analysis (RDA), and 12 other models to quantify the impacts of precipitation and temperature metrics, gross domestic product (GDP), population, and grazing intensity on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at three administrative levels (county, town, and village), four temporal levels (yearly, May, July, and September), two vegetation types (woodland and grassland), and at annual precipitation gradients of <200, 200-400, and >400 mm. The results suggest that NW China underwent vegetation greening from 2000 to 2015. Precipitation and temperature were the most influential factors contributing to the NDVI change. Population was the main determinant of NDVI under the precipitation gradient of <200 mm, and the effect of GDP on NDVI was moderate. On the temporal scale, annual precipitation, precipitation before the previous year, and precipitation in the current year determined the NDVI in May, July, and September, respectively, for both woodland and grassland. At multiple scales, climate change was the primary driver of vegetation change in NW China, rather than human disturbance. These findings expand our understanding on drivers of NDVI at multiple levels over a long period. Measures to manage decreasing vegetation coverage may be more effective and could be implemented sooner based on predicted climate change in drylands worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid34598706,
year = {2021},
author = {Ebi, KL},
title = {Environmental health research needed to inform strategies, policies, and measures to manage the risks of anthropogenic climate change.},
journal = {Environmental health : a global access science source},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {109},
pmid = {34598706},
issn = {1476-069X},
abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change is affecting population health and wellbeing worldwide. The two main policy options to prepare for and manage these risks are adaptation and mitigation; significantly increased investments in each are urgently needed. However, medical research councils worldwide have provided minuscule amounts of funding for environmental health research to provide timely and useful insights on effectively protecting vulnerable populations and regions, for building climate-resilient health systems, and for promoting health system-related greenhouse gas emission reductions in a changing climate.},
}
@article {pmid34597559,
year = {2022},
author = {Maruffi, L and Stucchi, L and Casale, F and Bocchiola, D},
title = {Soil erosion and sediment transport under climate change for Mera River, in Italian Alps of Valchiavenna.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {150651},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150651},
pmid = {34597559},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Erosion is a main form of soil degradation, with severe consequences on slope stability and productivity, and erosion studies are required to predict possible variations of such phenomena, also under climate change scenarios. Here we estimated distributed soil erosion within Valchiavenna valley in the Rhaetian Alps, drained by Mera river, and covering Italy, and Switzerland. We used a Dynamic-RUSLE (D-RUSLE) model, which provides spatially distributed estimates of soil erosion explicitly considering snow dynamic (accumulation/melting) and snow cover, and vegetation seasonality. The model was tuned here during 2010-2019, and validation was pursued using river turbidity data, used to assess riverine sediment transport. The model parameter R-factor for rainfall erosivity was estimated using a hydrological model Poli-Hydro, properly set up in the study area. C-factor for land cover was assessed against land cover maps, with seasonally variable Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from satellite images, to account for variable vegetation stage, and large leaf cover in summer. The K-factor related to erosion susceptibility was evaluated through soil texture and organic content. LS-factor depending on slope was assessed using a DTM. Poli-Hydro and D-RUSLE models were then used to project forward potential soil erosion under climate change scenarios until 2100. Climate series (temperature, precipitation) were generated using 4 shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) of the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, with 3 global circulation models, properly downscaled locally. We analysed expected soil erosion during 2051-2060, and 2091-2100. We found increase of potential soil erosion, with exception of the EC-Earth model for the SSP2.6. Erosion would especially increase in winter, in response to smaller snow accumulation, and larger liquid rainfall share thereby, and decrease in summer, as due to decreased precipitation. Our results suggest the need for adaptation strategies to counteract increasing soil loss in the future, and may highlight most critical areas of intervention.},
}
@article {pmid34597142,
year = {2021},
author = {Cheung, WWL and Frölicher, TL and Lam, VWY and Oyinlola, MA and Reygondeau, G and Sumaila, UR and Tai, TC and Teh, LCL and Wabnitz, CCC},
title = {Marine high temperature extremes amplify the impacts of climate change on fish and fisheries.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {7},
number = {40},
pages = {eabh0895},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abh0895},
pmid = {34597142},
issn = {2375-2548},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34594922,
year = {2021},
author = {Huang, J and Tian, H and Wang, J and Yang, T and Peng, Y and Wu, S and Fu, TM and Li, G},
title = {A Modelling Study on PM2.5-Related Health Impacts from Climate Change and Air Pollution Emission Control - China, 2010s and 2040s.},
journal = {China CDC weekly},
volume = {3},
number = {23},
pages = {500-506},
pmid = {34594922},
issn = {2096-7071},
abstract = {What is already known about this topic?<br><br>Climate change and air pollution are two important environmental issues in China. It is important to investigate particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5)-related health impacts from climate change and air pollution emission control.<br><br>What is added by this report?<br><br>Deaths and years of life lost related to PM2.5 would increase in climate change scenario, although emission control would outweigh the influence of climate change.<br><br>What are the implications for public health practice?<br><br>More targeted actions should be taken to meet challenges of exacerbated PM2.5 pollutions and its health impacts related to climate change in the future.},
}
@article {pmid34594918,
year = {2021},
author = {Kan, H},
title = {Climate Change, Weather Conditions, and Population Health.},
journal = {China CDC weekly},
volume = {3},
number = {23},
pages = {483-484},
pmid = {34594918},
issn = {2096-7071},
}
@article {pmid34594538,
year = {2021},
author = {Long, T and Tang, J and Pilfold, NW and Zhao, X and Dong, T},
title = {Predicting range shifts of Davidia involucrata Ball. under future climate change.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {18},
pages = {12779-12789},
pmid = {34594538},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Understanding and predicting how species will respond to climate change is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Here, we assessed future climate change impacts on the distribution of a rare and endangered plant species, Davidia involucrate in China, using the most recent global circulation models developed in the sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC6). We assessed the potential range shifts in this species by using an ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs). The ensemble SDMs exhibited high predictive ability and suggested that the temperature annual range, annual mean temperature, and precipitation of the driest month are the most influential predictors in shaping distribution patterns of this species. The projections of the ensemble SDMs also suggested that D. involucrate is very vulnerable to future climate change, with at least one-third of its suitable range expected to be lost in all future climate change scenarios and will shift to the northward of high-latitude regions. Similarly, at least one-fifth of the overlap area of the current nature reserve networks and projected suitable habitat is also expected to be lost. These findings suggest that it is of great importance to ensure that adaptive conservation management strategies are in place to mitigate the impacts of climate change on D. involucrate.},
}
@article {pmid34594022,
year = {2021},
author = {Klopper, A},
title = {Delayed global warming could reduce human exposure to cyclones.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {598},
number = {7879},
pages = {35},
pmid = {34594022},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Cyclonic Storms/*prevention &amp; control/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Global Warming/*prevention &amp; control/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Humans ; Time Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid34593969,
year = {2021},
author = {Gutierrez, AP and Ponti, L and Neteler, M and Suckling, DM and Cure, JR},
title = {Invasive potential of tropical fruit flies in temperate regions under climate change.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1141},
pmid = {34593969},
issn = {2399-3642},
abstract = {Tropical fruit flies are considered among the most economically important invasive species detected in temperate areas of the United States and the European Union. Detections often trigger quarantine and eradication programs that are conducted without a holistic understanding of the threat posed. Weather-driven physiologically-based demographic models are used to estimate the geographic range, relative abundance, and threat posed by four tropical tephritid fruit flies (Mediterranean fruit fly, melon fly, oriental fruit fly, and Mexican fruit fly) in North and Central America, and the European-Mediterranean region under extant and climate change weather (RCP8.5 and A1B scenarios). Most temperate areas under tropical fruit fly propagule pressure have not been suitable for establishment, but suitability is predicted to increase in some areas with climate change. To meet this ongoing challenge, investments are needed to collect sound biological data to develop mechanistic models to predict the geographic range and relative abundance of these and other invasive species, and to put eradication policies on a scientific basis.},
}
@article {pmid34593509,
year = {2021},
author = {Austen, J},
title = {Human population growth is the root cause of climate change.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {374},
number = {},
pages = {n2386},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.n2386},
pmid = {34593509},
issn = {1756-1833},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; *Population Growth ; },
}
@article {pmid34593387,
year = {2021},
author = {Lawson, E},
title = {Climate Change Action and Individual Responsibility.},
journal = {The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
volume = {71},
number = {711},
pages = {435},
doi = {10.3399/bjgp21X717377},
pmid = {34593387},
issn = {1478-5242},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; *Social Behavior ; },
}
@article {pmid34592301,
year = {2022},
author = {Martinez, A and Iglesias, G},
title = {Climate change impacts on wind energy resources in North America based on the CMIP6 projections.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {150580},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150580},
pmid = {34592301},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The mid- and long-term evolution of wind energy resources in North America is investigated by means of a multi-model ensemble selected from 18 global climate models. The most recent scenarios of greenhouse gases emissions and land use, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), are considered - more specifically, the SSP5-8.5 (intensive emissions) and SSP2-4.5 (moderate emissions). In both scenarios, onshore wind power density in the US and Canada is predicted to drop. Under SSP5-8.5, the reduction is of the order of 15% overall, reaching as much as 40% in certain northern regions - Quebec and Nunavut in Canada and Alaska in the US. Conversely, significant increases in wind power density are predicted in Hudson Bay (up to 25%), Texas and northern Mexico (up to 15%), southern Mexico and Central America (up to 30%). As for the intra-annual variability, it is poised to rise drastically, with monthly average wind power densities increasing up to 120% in certain months and decreasing up to 60% in others. These changes in both the mean value and the intra-annual variability of wind power density are of consequence for the Levelised Cost of Energy from wind, the planning of future investments and, more generally, the contribution of wind to the energy mix.},
}
@article {pmid34592296,
year = {2022},
author = {Song, G and Zhao, X and Lv, L and Yuan, Q and Ma, Y and Bayer, LB and Zhang, D and Fullana-I-Palmer, P},
title = {Scenario analysis on optimal farmed-fish-species composition in China: A theoretical methodology to benefit wild-fishery stock, water conservation, economic and protein outputs under the context of climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {150600},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150600},
pmid = {34592296},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Fish production from aquaculture and wild captures suffers from the rising risk of climate change. This impacts the livelihoods of fishers and fish farmers by shrinking wild fishery stocks, inland water scarcity, and consequent declines in economic and protein productions. China, feeding the most fish of the world with water-intensive crops, faces challenges of water scarcity but still be premature in developing strategies to adapt to climate change. Here, focusing on methodology development, we quantified the water footprint of fish-farming and economic and protein productions in the baseline year 2014. Then, 29 scenarios of farmed-fish-species composition (FFSC, i.e., tons of each farmed fish species) were developed for the target year 2020. The baseline 2014 shows that fish farming generates an average of 150 billion m3 of water footprint, 4.70 million tons of protein, and 263 billion RMB of economic output (~39 billion USD). Uncertainty optimizations were conducted to generate the optimal FFSC solutions that show a potential to increase fish production by 22%, economic and protein output by 18% and 29%, respectively and simultaneously lower water footprint by 22% to the maximum extent. Nine scenarios that lower wild fishery captures were further examined, with optimal FFSC solution that encourages aquaculture of Grass carp, Bighead Carp, and Silver Carp, and discourages Black carp, Tilapia, Crucian carp, Sea bass, and Wuchang bream. From a methodology aspect, this study pulls back policymakers from only focusing on the short-term economic interest of fish-farming and persuades them to rethink long-term adaptive strategies to climate change from multiple sustainable dimensions.},
}
@article {pmid34592288,
year = {2022},
author = {Yang, S and Wang, X and Hu, J},
title = {Mountain frog species losing out to climate change around the Sichuan Basin.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {150605},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150605},
pmid = {34592288},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Amphibians are particularly vulnerable to climate changes that are expected to cause habitat fragmentation and loss and, ultimately, local extirpations. However, little is known about how the interaction between climate change and fragmentation may impede the ability of amphibians to adapt to climate change. Here, we used the iconic mountain frog Quasipaa boulengeri as an indicator species to extrapolate climate-driven shifts in its habitat availability and connectivity in central and southern China according to the minimum and maximum representative concentration pathways. The models projected an average habitat loss of 36%-71% and the in situ and ex situ climate-change refugia to be 29%-64% and 5%-18% of the present-day suitable habitats, respectively. An increase in habitat fragmentation was reflected in a 51% decrease in core patch size, a 9% increase in the mean least-cost path (LCP) length, and a 19% increase in the cost-weighted distance. These climate-driven shifts varied spatially around the Sichuan Basin, with those in the southeast of the Basin being the most pronounced habitat and connectivity losses and those along the Basin being relatively optimistic. The effectiveness of refugia may only be maintained through a narrow passageway along the southern Sichuan Basin because of the presence of LCPs over time. Our results emphasize the need to understand how climate change and connectivity will jointly affect the distribution of mountain amphibians and to accordingly adopt conservation strategies. Further, our findings highlight the importance of identifying and preserving climate-change refugia and habitat connectivity for species persistence and conservation planning.},
}
@article {pmid34591893,
year = {2021},
author = {Barteit, S and Boudo, V and Ouedraogo, A and Zabré, P and Ouremi, L and Sié, A and Munga, S and Obor, D and Kwaro, D and Huhn, S and Bunker, A and Sauerborn, R and Gunga, HC and Maggioni, MA and Bärnighausen, T},
title = {Feasibility, acceptability and validation of wearable devices for climate change and health research in the low-resource contexts of Burkina Faso and Kenya: Study protocol.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0257170},
pmid = {34591893},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Burkina Faso ; Child ; *Climate Change ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; *Health ; *Health Resources ; Humans ; Kenya ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Research ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Wearable Electronic Devices ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {As the epidemiological transition progresses throughout sub-Saharan Africa, life lived with diseases is an increasingly important part of a population's burden of disease. The burden of disease of climate-sensitive health outcomes is projected to increase considerably within the next decades. Objectively measured, reliable population health data is still limited and is primarily based on perceived illness from recall. Technological advances like non-invasive, consumer-grade wearable devices may play a vital role in alleviating this data gap and in obtaining insights on the disease burden in vulnerable populations, such as heat stress on human cardiovascular response. The overall goal of this study is to investigate whether consumer-grade wearable devices are an acceptable, feasible and valid means to generate data on the individual level in low-resource contexts. Three hundred individuals are recruited from the two study locations in the Nouna health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS), Burkina Faso, and the Siaya HDSS, Kenya. Participants complete a structured questionnaire that comprises question items on acceptability and feasibility under the supervision of trained data collectors. Validity will be evaluated by comparing consumer-grade wearable devices to research-grade devices. Furthermore, we will collect demographic data as well as the data generated by wearable devices. This study will provide insights into the usage of consumer-grade wearable devices to measure individual vital signs in low-resource contexts, such as Burkina Faso and Kenya. Vital signs comprising activity (steps), sleep (duration, quality) and heart rate (hr) are important measures to gain insights on individual behavior and activity patterns in low-resource contexts. These vital signs may be associated with weather variables-as we gather them from weather stations that we have setup as part of this study to cover the whole Nouna and Siaya HDSSs-in order to explore changes in behavior and other variables, such as activity, sleep, hr, during extreme weather events like heat stress exposure. Furthermore, wearable data could be linked to health outcomes and weather events. As a result, consumer-grade wearables may serve as a supporting technology for generating reliable measurements in low-resource contexts and investigating key links between weather occurrences and health outcomes. Thus, wearable devices may provide insights to better inform mitigation and adaptation interventions in these low-resource settings that are direly faced by climate change-induced changes, such as extreme weather events.},
}
@article {pmid34591625,
year = {2021},
author = {Reese, D},
title = {Survival strategies for a changing worldHurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid: The Fraught and Fascinating Biology of Climate Change Thor Hanson Basic Books, 2021. 304 pp.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {374},
number = {6563},
pages = {43},
doi = {10.1126/science.abk2461},
pmid = {34591625},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34587225,
year = {2021},
author = {Naylor, AW and Ford, JD and Pearce, T and Fawcett, D and Clark, D and van Alstine, J},
title = {Monitoring the dynamic vulnerability of an Arctic subsistence food system to climate change: The case of Ulukhaktok, NT.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0258048},
pmid = {34587225},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Models, Anatomic ; Northwest Territories ; },
abstract = {Vulnerability to climate change is highly dynamic, varying between and within communities over different timescales. This paper draws upon complex adaptive systems thinking to develop an approach for capturing, understanding, and monitoring climate vulnerability in a case study from northern Canada, focusing on Inuit food systems. In the community of Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, we followed 10 hunters over a 2-year period, asking them to document their harvesting activities and discuss their lived experience of harvesting under changing environmental and societal conditions. GPS monitoring and participatory mapping sessions were used to document 23,996km of trails (n = 409), with conversational bi-weekly semi-structured interviews and secondary instrumental weather data used to contextualise climate change within a nexus of other socioeconomic, cultural, and political stressors that also affect harvesting. Our results demonstrate that climate change has considerable potential to affect harvesting activities, particularly when its impacts manifest as anomalous/extreme events. However, climate change impacts are not necessarily the most salient issues affecting harvesting on a day-to-day basis. Instead, factors relating to economics (particularly financial capital and the wage-based economy), social networks, and institutions are found to have a greater influence, either as standalone factors with cascading effects or when acting synchronously to augment the impacts of environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid34585355,
year = {2021},
author = {Chandio, AA and Shah, MI and Sethi, N and Mushtaq, Z},
title = {Assessing the effect of climate change and financial development on agricultural production in ASEAN-4: the role of renewable energy, institutional quality, and human capital as moderators.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34585355},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {This paper examines the effect of climate change and financial development on agricultural production in ASEAN-4, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand from 1990 to 2016. Further, we explore the role of renewable energy, institutional quality, and human capital on agricultural production. Since the shocks in one country affect another country, we use second-generation modeling techniques to find out the relationship among the variables. The Westerlund (2007) cointegration tests confirm long-run relationship among the variables. The results from cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model reveal that climate change negatively affects agricultural production; on the other hand, renewable energy, human capital, and institutional quality affect positively agricultural production. Moreover, renewable energy utilization, human capital, and intuitional quality moderates the effect of carbon emission on agricultural production. In addition, a U-shaped relationship exists between financial development and agricultural production, suggesting that financial development improves agricultural production only after reaching a certain threshold. Hence, this study suggests that ASEAN-4 countries must adopt flexible financial and agricultural policies so that farmers would be benefitted and agricultural production can be increased.},
}
@article {pmid34585010,
year = {2021},
author = {Jalal, MJE and Khan, MA and Hossain, ME and Yedla, S and Alam, GMM},
title = {Does climate change stimulate household vulnerability and income diversity? Evidence from southern coastal region of Bangladesh.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {9},
pages = {e07990},
pmid = {34585010},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries globally, where the livelihood of agro-based dependent people became vulnerable due to different natural hazards, especially in the southern coastal part. This study investigates the influence of climate change on household vulnerability and income diversity, data collected from the climate-vulnerable coastal areas of Bangladesh. Both panel data regression and structural equation model were employed to examine the vulnerability status, whereas income diversity was measured through diversity index and "Type-66" livelihood strategy. Results reveal that sources of income have diversified over time. However, the study also reveals that climate change-especially the increase in salinity has affected crop production, resulting in increased income vulnerability of small and marginal farmers who are highly reliant on farm income. Moreover, findings reveal that climate change has influenced households to diversify into low-income sources that do not help to overcome their income vulnerability. Therefore, a cooperative land management system, establishment of embankment, training, and skill development programs are needed to generate feasible alternative income sources to improve the livelihood of coastal people.},
}
@article {pmid34584397,
year = {2021},
author = {Terent'ev, NE},
title = {Climate Change as a Factor in the Development of Companies: Corporate Strategies and Guidelines for State Industrial Policy.},
journal = {Studies on Russian economic development},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {485-491},
pmid = {34584397},
issn = {1075-7007},
abstract = {In recent years, the problem of global climate change has become one of the significant challenges for ensuring the sustainability of the functioning and growth in the market value of the world's leading industrial companies. Based on the latest data, the article describes the scale and impact of climate change on the development of companies and also considers some corporate strategies for reducing climate risks and adapting to the consequences of climate change. It is shown that, acting as a significant factor in the financial losses of business, the growing climate change, at the same time, indirectly contribute to the acceleration of the environmentally oriented transformation of corporate management systems and technological modernization of production complexes, creating, in conjunction with other technological and production trends, new sources of long-term competitiveness and market value. The article presents the characteristics of the priorities in the state industrial policy in the context of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34583073,
year = {2022},
author = {Ford, HV and Jones, NH and Davies, AJ and Godley, BJ and Jambeck, JR and Napper, IE and Suckling, CC and Williams, GJ and Woodall, LC and Koldewey, HJ},
title = {The fundamental links between climate change and marine plastic pollution.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {150392},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150392},
pmid = {34583073},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Coral Reefs ; Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Gases ; Plastics ; },
abstract = {Plastic pollution and climate change have commonly been treated as two separate issues and sometimes are even seen as competing. Here we present an alternative view that these two issues are fundamentally linked. Primarily, we explore how plastic contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the beginning to the end of its life cycle. Secondly, we show that more extreme weather and floods associated with climate change, will exacerbate the spread of plastic in the natural environment. Finally, both issues occur throughout the marine environment, and we show that ecosystems and species can be particularly vulnerable to both, such as coral reefs that face disease spread through plastic pollution and climate-driven increased global bleaching events. A Web of Science search showed climate change and plastic pollution studies in the ocean are often siloed, with only 0.4% of the articles examining both stressors simultaneously. We also identified a lack of regional and industry-specific life cycle analysis data for comparisons in relative GHG contributions by materials and products. Overall, we suggest that rather than debate over the relative importance of climate change or marine plastic pollution, a more productive course would be to determine the linking factors between the two and identify solutions to combat both crises.},
}
@article {pmid34582601,
year = {2021},
author = {Regehr, EV and Runge, MC and Von Duyke, A and Wilson, RR and Polasek, L and Rode, KD and Hostetter, NJ and Converse, SJ},
title = {Demographic risk assessment for a harvested species threatened by climate change: polar bears in the Chukchi Sea.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {e02461},
doi = {10.1002/eap.2461},
pmid = {34582601},
issn = {1051-0761},
support = {//State of Alaska/ ; //North Slope Borough/ ; //U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey/ ; //University of Washington/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change threatens global biodiversity. Many species vulnerable to climate change are important to humans for nutritional, cultural, and economic reasons. Polar bears Ursus maritimus are threatened by sea-ice loss and represent a subsistence resource for Indigenous people. We applied a novel population modeling-management framework that is based on species life history and accounts for habitat loss to evaluate subsistence harvest for the Chukchi Sea (CS) polar bear subpopulation. Harvest strategies followed a state-dependent approach under which new data were used to update the harvest on a predetermined management interval. We found that a harvest strategy with a starting total harvest rate of 2.7% (˜85 bears/yr at current abundance), a 2:1 male-to-female ratio, and a 10-yr management interval would likely maintain subpopulation abundance above maximum net productivity level for the next 35 yr (approximately three polar bear generations), our primary criterion for sustainability. Plausible bounds on starting total harvest rate were 1.7-3.9%, where the range reflects uncertainty due to sampling variation, environmental variation, model selection, and differing levels of risk tolerance. The risk of undesired demographic outcomes (e.g., overharvest) was positively related to harvest rate, management interval, and projected declines in environmental carrying capacity; and negatively related to precision in population data. Results reflect several lines of evidence that the CS subpopulation has been productive in recent years, although it is uncertain how long this will last as sea-ice loss continues. Our methods provide a template for balancing trade-offs among protection, use, research investment, and other factors. Demographic risk assessment and state-dependent management will become increasingly important for harvested species, like polar bears, that exhibit spatiotemporal variation in their response to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34580486,
year = {2021},
author = {Schiermeier, Q},
title = {Climate change to loom large in talks to form new German government.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02635-y},
pmid = {34580486},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34579795,
year = {2021},
author = {Hayes, E},
title = {The Anthropocene &amp; the Humanities: From Climate Change to a New Age of Sustainability.},
journal = {British journal for the history of science},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {381-385},
doi = {10.1017/S0007087421000418},
pmid = {34579795},
issn = {1474-001X},
}
@article {pmid34579424,
year = {2021},
author = {Lee, KC and An, J and Hwang, JE and Kim, PB and Park, HB and Kim, S and Park, HJ and Lee, CW and Lee, BD and Kim, NY},
title = {Effects of Light Condition on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of the Endangered Species Sedirea japonica under RCP 6.0 Climate Change Scenarios.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34579424},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {NIE-C-2021-49//National Institute of Ecology/ ; },
abstract = {This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological and growth responses of Sedirea japonica cultured in chambers under RCP 6.0 and different light conditions. S. japonica was grown in a soil-plant daylight system chamber under two treatments, a control (CO2 = 400 ppm) and a climate change treatment (CCT) (CO2 = 650 ppm, temperature = control + 3 °C), and three different shading treatments (60%, 90%, and no-shading). S. japonica showed the characteristics of typical Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants. As the shading rate increased, it increased chlorophyll content, leaf area, and leaf dry weight to efficiently absorb and use light. The CCT had a lower CO2 absorption rate, stomatal conductance, and growth rate and slightly higher water utilization efficiency than the control. This was because stomatal closure occurred in the CCT to reduce water loss due to a relatively higher temperature. As CO2 fixation decreased and consumption increased due to respiration, the overall growth was inhibited. The CCT without shading revealed a dynamic photoinhibition phenomenon showing a significant increase in ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, and DIo/RC and a decrease in PI ABS and DF ABS. In this group, leaf, root, and total dry weight, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content were the worst growth indices.},
}
@article {pmid34579337,
year = {2021},
author = {Carneiro, AK and Montessoro, PDF and Fusaro, AF and Araújo, BG and Hemerly, AS},
title = {Plant CDKs-Driving the Cell Cycle through Climate Change.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34579337},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {FAPERJ, E_26/203.015/2018 and E-26/210.902/2019//Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/ ; CNPq, 426820/2016-9//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
abstract = {In a growing population, producing enough food has become a challenge in the face of the dramatic increase in climate change. Plants, during their evolution as sessile organisms, developed countless mechanisms to better adapt to the environment and its fluctuations. One important way is through the plasticity of their body and their forms, which are modulated during plant growth by accurate control of cell divisions. A family of serine/threonine kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) is a key regulator of cell divisions by controlling cell cycle progression. In this review, we compile information on the primary response of plants in the regulation of the cell cycle in response to environmental stresses and show how the cell cycle proteins (mainly the cyclin-dependent kinases) involved in this regulation can act as components of environmental response signaling cascades, triggering adaptive responses to drive the cycle through climate fluctuations. Understanding the roles of CDKs and their regulators in the face of adversity may be crucial to meeting the challenge of increasing agricultural productivity in a new climate.},
}
@article {pmid34576787,
year = {2021},
author = {Shiryaev, AG},
title = {Uphill Shifts of Fungal Fruiting Due to Climate Change at the Polar Urals.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34576787},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Due to the ongoing climatic changes in the Arctic, the ranges of many plants and animal species are rising higher into the mountains, into the treeline; however, such studies are rare for fungi. The 60-year fruiting dynamics of 66 species of Agaricomycetous macrofungi has been studied along the altitudinal transect located on the slope of Slantsevaya Mountain (Polar Urals, Russia). It has been found that the three basic trophic groups (mycorrhizal, saprobes on litter and soil, and saprobes on wood) fruit higher in the mountains. Additionally, for most of the studied species, a tendency towards upward displacement of fruiting was revealed. The rise in fruiting for saprobes on litter and soil was the most obvious. Mycorrhizal fungi associated with woody plants showed the least uplifting effect. Fungal species that were characterized by fruiting higher up the mountainside half a century ago show stronger upward shifts compared to species previously bearing fruit only at the mountain foot. Probably, such a reaction of the aboveground mycobiota is similar to the processes occurring in the soil, which are associated with an active increase in the decomposition rate of the litter, an increase in the depth of permafrost thawing, and a significant redistribution of the soil water balance. On the other hand, the rise of fungi is associated with an increase of plant biomass in the middle and upper parts, which are the most important sources of fungal nutrition.},
}
@article {pmid34576736,
year = {2021},
author = {Fiodor, A and Singh, S and Pranaw, K},
title = {The Contrivance of Plant Growth Promoting Microbes to Mitigate Climate Change Impact in Agriculture.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34576736},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {POIR.04.04.00-00-14E6/18-00//TEAM-NET programme of the Foundation for Polish Science co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Combating the consequences of climate change is extremely important and critical in the context of feeding the world's population. Crop simulation models have been extensively studied recently to investigate the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity and food security. Drought and salinity are major environmental stresses that cause changes in the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in plants, resulting in significant crop productivity losses. Excessive use of chemicals has become a severe threat to human health and the environment. The use of beneficial microorganisms is an environmentally friendly method of increasing crop yield under environmental stress conditions. These microbes enhance plant growth through various mechanisms such as production of hormones, ACC deaminase, VOCs and EPS, and modulate hormone synthesis and other metabolites in plants. This review aims to decipher the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on plant health under abiotic soil stresses associated with global climate change (viz., drought and salinity). The application of stress-resistant PGPB may not only help in the combating the effects of abiotic stressors, but also lead to mitigation of climate change. More thorough molecular level studies are needed in the future to assess their cumulative influence on plant development.},
}
@article {pmid34571820,
year = {2021},
author = {Suybeng, B and Mwangi, FW and McSweeney, CS and Charmley, E and Gardiner, CP and Malau-Aduli, BS and Malau-Aduli, AEO},
title = {Response to Climate Change: Evaluation of Methane Emissions in Northern Australian Beef Cattle on a High Quality Diet Supplemented with Desmanthus Using Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers and GreenFeed Emission Monitoring Systems.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34571820},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {P.PSH.1055//Meat and Livestock Australia/ ; CRC P-58599//Cooperative Research Centres, Australian Government Department of Industry/ ; },
abstract = {The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of supplementing beef cattle with Desmanthus virgatus cv. JCU2, D. bicornutus cv. JCU4, D. leptophyllus cv. JCU7 and lucerne on in vivo methane (CH4) emissions measured by open-circuit respiration chambers (OC) or the GreenFeed emission monitoring (GEM) system. Experiment 1 employed OC and utilized sixteen yearling Brangus steers fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay in four treatments-the three Desmanthus cultivars and lucerne (Medicago sativa) at 30% dry matter intake (DMI). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to the diets to neutralize tannin binding and explore the effect on CH4 emissions. Experiment 2 employed GEM and utilized forty-eight animals allocated to four treatments including a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay plus the three Desmanthus cultivars in equal proportions at 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% DMI. Lucerne was added to equilibrate crude protein content in all treatments. Experiment 1 showed no difference in CH4 emissions between the Desmanthus cultivars, between Desmanthus and lucerne or between Desmanthus and the basal diet. Experiment 2 showed an increase in CH4 emissions in the three levels containing Desmanthus. It is concluded that on high-quality diets, Desmanthus does not reduce CH4 emissions.},
}
@article {pmid34571742,
year = {2021},
author = {Durán, P and Tortella, G and Sadowsky, MJ and Viscardi, S and Barra, PJ and Mora, ML},
title = {Engineering Multigenerational Host-Modulated Microbiota against Soilborne Pathogens in Response to Global Climate Change.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34571742},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {1201196//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico/ ; 1181050//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico/ ; RT06-17//Institut chilien de l'Antarctique/ ; },
abstract = {Crop migration caused by climatic events has favored the emergence of new soilborne diseases, resulting in the colonization of new niches (emerging infectious diseases, EIDs). Soilborne pathogens are extremely persistent in the environment. This is in large part due to their ability to reside in the soil for a long time, even without a host plant, using survival several strategies. In this regard, disease-suppressive soils, characterized by a low disease incidence due to the presence of antagonist microorganisms, can be an excellent opportunity for the study mechanisms of soil-induced immunity, which can be applied in the development of a new generation of bioinoculants. Therefore, here we review the main effects of climate change on crops and pathogens, as well as the potential use of soil-suppressive microbiota as a natural source of biocontrol agents. Based on results of previous studies, we also propose a strategy for the optimization of microbiota assemblages, selected using a host-mediated approach. This process involves an increase in and prevalence of specific taxa during the transition from a conducive to a suppressive soil. This strategy could be used as a model to engineer microbiota assemblages for pathogen suppression, as well as for the reduction of abiotic stresses created due to global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34571236,
year = {2022},
author = {Chernos, M and MacDonald, RJ and Straker, J and Green, K and Craig, JR},
title = {Simulating the cumulative effects of potential open-pit mining and climate change on streamflow and water quality in a mountainous watershed.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {150394},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150394},
pmid = {34571236},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Alberta ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Mining ; Models, Theoretical ; Rivers ; *Water Quality ; },
abstract = {Land use and climate change effects on water quality and water quantity are well documented globally. Most studies evaluate individual factors and effects, without considering the interrelationships between land use, climate, water quality, and water quantity. This study provides an integrated assessment of the cumulative effects of climate change and potential open-pit coal mining on streamflow and water quality in the Oldman River Basin, Alberta, Canada. A hydrological model was developed that incorporates estimates of future selenium loading, water use, and projected changes in air temperature and precipitation to evaluate changes in water quantity and quality. Model results indicate that estimated selenium concentrations, absent any attenuation, are likely to be substantially above most water quality guidelines and strong reliance on mitigation technologies would be required to maintain adequate water quality in the watershed if mine development were to take place. Streamflow is sensitive to changes in climatic conditions, and modelling results suggest there are likely to be increases in winter flow, earlier peak flow, and reductions in flow during the summer and fall months under the climate change scenarios. These changes can have direct impacts on the degree of selenium dilution and more generally on aquatic habitat, ecosystem health, and socioeconomic needs. This study highlights that water management decisions may mis-evaluate the risks and tradeoffs of future mine development if they fail to adequately consider climate change and changing streamflow regimes and their indirect effects on water quality.},
}
@article {pmid34568601,
year = {2021},
author = {Trájer, AJ},
title = {Aedes aegypti in the Mediterranean container ports at the time of climate change: A time bomb on the mosquito vector map of Europe.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {9},
pages = {e07981},
pmid = {34568601},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {In the past, Aedes aegypti was present in Southern Europe. Although the mosquito was eradicated from the Mediterranean region, its regional ecotype survived the second half of the 20th century in the eastern Black Sea area. The aim of the study was to model the changes in the altering climatic suitability, ontogenetic development time and the survival rate of Aedes aegypti from first-stage larvae to adulthood in Southern Europe. The modelled present climatic suitability patterns of the mosquito show that large areas of the lower altitude Mediterranean regions, including the coastal areas of the Balkan Peninsula, South France, and large regions of the Apennines and the Iberian Peninsulas could be suitable for Ae. aegypti. The future (2041-2060 and 2061-2080) projections predict the potential northward shift of the northern occurrence of the species in the circum-Mediterranean and Black Sea areas. Both, the potential development time, and survival rate of Ae. aegypti in the late 19th and the early 20th century could be like in the present times along the Mediterranean coast. The current climatic conditions cannot explain the absence of the mosquito in wide areas of the Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean ecoregions. The future models predict the notable increase in the development time and survival rate of the mosquito in the southern and central regions of Europe. In general, the container ports of the Alboran, Balearic, and Aegean seas seem to be the most suitable sites for the re-colonization of the mosquito, and such northern parts of the Mediterranean Sea like the Gulf of Lion, the Ligurian, and Adriatic Seas are in less extent.},
}
@article {pmid34567238,
year = {2021},
author = {Wobus, C and Porter, J and Lorie, M and Martinich, J and Bash, R},
title = {Climate change, riverine flood risk and adaptation for the conterminous United States.},
journal = {Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site]},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34567238},
issn = {1748-9326},
support = {EPA999999/ImEPA/Intramural EPA/United States ; },
abstract = {Riverine floods are among the most costly natural disasters in the United States, and floods are generally projected to increase in frequency and magnitude with climate change. Faced with these increasing risks, improved information is needed to direct limited resources toward the most cost-effective adaptation actions available. Here we leverage a newly available flood risk dataset for residential properties in the conterminous United States to calculate expected annual damages to residential structures from inland/riverine flooding at a property-level; the cost of property-level adaptations to protect against future flood risk; and the benefits of those adaptation investments assuming both static and changing climate conditions. Our modeling projects that in the absence of adaptation, nationwide damages from riverine flooding will increase by 20-30% under high levels of warming. Floodproofing, elevation and property acquisition can each be cost-effective adaptations in certain situations, depending on the desired return on investment (i.e., benefit cost ratio), the discount rate, and the assumed rate of climate change. Incorporation of climate change into the benefit-cost calculation increases the number of properties meeting any specified benefit-cost threshold, as today's investments protect against an increasing frequency of future floods. However, because future expected damages are discounted relative to present-day, the adaptation decisions made based on a static climate assumption are very similar to the decisions made when climate change is considered. If the goal is to optimize adaptation decision making, a focus on quantifying present-day flood risk is therefore at least as important as understanding how those risks might change under a warming climate.},
}
@article {pmid34566549,
year = {2021},
author = {Li, H and Huang, K and Fu, Q and Lin, Y and Chen, J and Deng, C and Tian, X and Tang, Q and Song, Q and Wei, Z},
title = {Airborne black carbon variations during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Yangtze River Delta megacities suggest actions to curb global warming.},
journal = {Environmental chemistry letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
pmid = {34566549},
issn = {1610-3653},
abstract = {Airborne black carbon is a strong warming component of the atmosphere. Therefore, curbing black carbon emissions should slow down global warming. The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is a unique opportunity for studying the response of black carbon to the varied human activities, in particular due to lockdown policies. Actually, there is few knowledge on the variations of black carbon in China during lockdowns. Here, we studied the concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon before, during, and after the lockdown in nine sites of the Yangtze River Delta in Eastern China. Results show 40-60% reduction of PM2.5 and 40-50% reduction of black carbon during the lockdown. The classical bimodal peaks of black carbon in the morning and evening rush hours were highly weakened, indicating the substantial decrease of traffic activities. Contributions from fossil fuels combustion to black carbon decreased about 5-10% during the lockdown. Spatial correlation analysis indicated the clustering of the multi-site black carbon concentrations in the Yangtze River Delta during the lockdown. Overall, control of emissions from traffic and industrial activities should be efficient to curb black carbon levels in the frame of a 'green public transit system' for mega-city clusters such as the Yangtze River Delta.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10311-021-01327-3.},
}
@article {pmid34566453,
year = {2021},
author = {Costa, R and Borges, PAV},
title = {SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores: I - the spiders from native forests of Terceira and Pico Islands (2012-2019).},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e69924},
pmid = {34566453},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {Background: Long-term monitoring of invertebrate communities is needed to understand the impact of key biodiversity erosion drivers (e.g. habitat fragmentation and degradation, invasive species, pollution, climatic changes) on the biodiversity of these high diverse organisms.The data we present are part of the long-term project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) that started in 2012, aiming to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers on Azorean native forests (Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal). In this contribution, the design of the project, its objectives and the first available data for the spider fauna of two Islands (Pico and Terceira) are described.Passive flight interception SLAM traps (Sea, Land and Air Malaise traps) were used to sample native forest plots in several Azorean islands, with one trap being set up at each plot and samples taken every three months following the seasons.The key objectives of the SLAM project are: 1) collect long-term ecological data to evaluate species distributions and abundance at multiple spatial and temporal scales, responding to the Wallacean and Prestonian shortfalls, 2) identify biodiversity erosion drivers impacting oceanic indigenous assemblages under global change for conservation management purpose, 3) use species distribution and abundance data in model-based studies of environmental change in different islands, 4) contribute to clarifying the potential occurrence of an "insect decline" in Azores and identifying the spatial and temporal invasion patterns of exotic arthropod species, 5) contribute with temporal data to re-assess the Red-list status of Azorean endemic arthropods and 6) perform studies about the relationship between diversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) and ecosystem function.<br><br>New information: The project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) is described in detail.Seasonal distribution and abundance data of Azorean spiders, based on a long-term study undertaken between 2012 and 2019 in two Azorean Islands (Terceira and Pico), is presented. A total of 14979 specimens were collected, of which 6430 (43%) were adults. Despite the uncertainty of juvenile identification, juveniles are also included in the data presented in this paper, since the low diversity allows a relatively precise identification of this life-stage in Azores.A total of 57 species, belonging to 50 genera and 17 families, were recorded from the area, which constitutes baseline information of spiders from the studied sites for future long-term comparisons. Linyphiidae were the richest and most abundant family, with 19 (33%) species and 5973 (40%) specimens. The ten most abundant species are composed mostly of endemic or native non-endemic species and only one exotic species (Tenuiphantestenuis (Blackwall, 1852)). Those ten most abundant species include 84% of all sampled specimens and are clearly the dominant species in the Azorean native forests. Textrixcaudata L. Koch, 1872 was firstly reported from Terceira and Pico Islands, Araneusangulatus Clerck, 1757 was firstly reported from Terceira Island, Nerieneclathrata (Sundevall, 1830) and Macaroerisdiligens (Blackwall, 1867) were firstly reported from Pico Island.This publication contributes not only to a better knowledge of the arachnofauna present in native forests of Terceira and Pico, but also to understand the patterns of abundance and diversity of spider species, both seasonally and between years.},
}
@article {pmid34564409,
year = {2021},
author = {Jorge, TF and Ramalho, JC and Alseekh, S and Pais, IP and Leitão, AE and Rodrigues, AP and Scotti-Campos, P and Ribeiro-Barros, AI and Fernie, AR and António, C},
title = {Will Casuarina glauca Stress Resilience Be Maintained in the Face of Climate Change?.},
journal = {Metabolites},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34564409},
issn = {2218-1989},
support = {PTDC/AGR-FOR/4218/2012//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UID/Multi/04551/2013 (GREEN-IT)//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UIDB/00239/2020(CEF)//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UIDP/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec)//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; IF/00376/2012/CP0165/CT0003//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; PD/BD/113475/2015//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; PD/00035/2013//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; SGA-CSA No. 739582 under FPA No. 664620//Horizon 2020/ ; },
abstract = {Actinorhizal plants have been regarded as promising species in the current climate change context due to their high tolerance to a multitude of abiotic stresses. While combined salt-heat stress effects have been studied in crop species, their impact on the model actinorhizal plant, Casuarina glauca, has not yet been fully addressed. The effect of single salt (400 mM NaCl) and heat (control at 26/22 °C, supra optimal temperatures at 35/22 °C and 45/22 °C day/night) conditions on C. glauca branchlets was characterised at the physiological level, and stress-induced metabolite changes were characterised by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. C. glauca could withstand single salt and heat conditions. However, the harshest stress condition (400 mM NaCl, 45 °C) revealed photosynthetic impairments due to mesophyll and membrane permeability limitations as well as major stress-specific differential responses in C and N metabolism. The increased activity of enzymatic ROS scavengers was, however, revealed to be sufficient to control the plant oxidative status. Although C. glauca could tolerate single salt and heat stresses, their negative interaction enhanced the effects of salt stress. Results demonstrated that C. glauca responses to combined salt-heat stress could be explained as a sum of the responses from each single applied stress.},
}
@article {pmid34564243,
year = {2021},
author = {Caselli, A and Petacchi, R},
title = {Climate Change and Major Pests of Mediterranean Olive Orchards: Are We Ready to Face the Global Heating?.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {34564243},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Evidence of the impact of climate change on natural and agroecosystems is nowadays established worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean Basin, an area known to be very susceptible to heatwaves and drought. Olea europaea is one of the main income sources for the Mediterranean agroeconomy, and it is considered a sensitive indicator of the climate change degree because of the tight relationship between its biology and temperature trend. Despite the economic importance of the olive, few studies are nowadays available concerning the consequences that global heating may have on its major pests. Among the climatic parameters, temperature is the key one influencing the relation between the olive tree and its most threatening parasites, including Bactrocera oleae and Prays oleae. Therefore, several prediction models are based on this climatic parameter (e.g., cumulative degree day models). Even if the use of models could be a promising tool to improve pest control strategies and to safeguard the Mediterranean olive patrimony, they are not currently available for most O. europaea pests, and they have to be used considering their limits. This work stresses the lack of knowledge about the biology and the ethology of olive pests under a climate change scenario, inviting the scientific community to focus on the topic.},
}
@article {pmid34562757,
year = {2022},
author = {Cavelan, A and Golfier, F and Colombano, S and Davarzani, H and Deparis, J and Faure, P},
title = {A critical review of the influence of groundwater level fluctuations and temperature on LNAPL contaminations in the context of climate change.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {806},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {150412},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150412},
pmid = {34562757},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Climate Change ; *Groundwater ; Soil ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) predicts significant changes in precipitation patterns, an increase in temperature, and groundwater level variations by 2100. These changes are expected to alter light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) impacts since groundwater level fluctuations and temperature are known to influence both the mobility and release of LNAPL compounds to air and groundwater. Knowledge of these potential effects is currently dispersed in the literature, hindering a clear vision of the processes at play. This review aims to synthesize and discuss the possible effects of the increase in temperature and groundwater level fluctuations on the behavior of LNAPL and its components in a climate change context. In summary, a higher amplitude of groundwater table variations and higher temperatures will probably increase biodegradation processes, the LNAPL mobility, and spreading across the smear zone, favoring the release of LNAPL compounds to the atmosphere and groundwater but decreasing the LNAPL mass and its longevity. Outcomes will, nevertheless, vary greatly across arid, cold, or humid coastal environments, where different effects of climate change are expected. The effects of the climate change factors linked to soil heterogeneities, local conditions, and weathering processes will govern LNAPL behavior and need to be further clarified.},
}
@article {pmid34562381,
year = {2021},
author = {Romanello, M and van Daalen, K and Anto, JM and Dasandi, N and Drummond, P and Hamilton, IG and Jankin, S and Kendrovski, V and Lowe, R and Rocklöv, J and Schmoll, O and Semenza, JC and Tonne, C and Nilsson, M},
title = {Tracking progress on health and climate change in Europe.},
journal = {The Lancet. Public health},
volume = {6},
number = {11},
pages = {e858-e865},
doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00207-3},
pmid = {34562381},
issn = {2468-2667},
support = {001//World Health Organization/International ; },
mesh = {Climate Change/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Europe ; Humans ; Public Health/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {Left unabated, climate change will have catastrophic effects on the health of present and future generations. Such effects are already seen in Europe, through more frequent and severe extreme weather events, alterations to water and food systems, and changes in the environmental suitability for infectious diseases. As one of the largest current and historical contributors to greenhouse gases and the largest provider of financing for climate change mitigation and adaptation, Europe's response is crucial, for both human health and the planet. To ensure that health and wellbeing are protected in this response it is essential to build the capacity to understand, monitor, and quantify health impacts of climate change and the health co-benefits of accelerated action. Responding to this need, the Lancet Countdown in Europe is established as a transdisciplinary research collaboration for monitoring progress on health and climate change in Europe. With the wealth of data and academic expertise available in Europe, the collaboration will develop region-specific indicators to address the main challenges and opportunities of Europe's response to climate change for health. The indicators produced by the collaboration will provide information to health and climate policy decision making, and will also contribute to the European Observatory on Climate and Health.},
}
@article {pmid34562268,
year = {2021},
author = {Rakhmanova, L and Kolesnichenko, L and Kuzhevskaya, I and Kolesnichenko, I and Vorobev, R and Tyulyupo, S and Drozdov, V and Shaduyko, O},
title = {Perspectives of climate change: A comparison of scientific understanding and local interpretations by different Western Siberian communities.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {50},
number = {11},
pages = {2072-2089},
pmid = {34562268},
issn = {1654-7209},
support = {2296.61321X0043//Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation/ ; },
mesh = {Attitude ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; *Knowledge ; Perception ; Siberia ; },
abstract = {We present a study of social effects of climate change as experienced by local communities, based on field research and analysis in Western Siberia, from southern taiga to tundra. The results of field anthropological research reveal different attitudes of local residents to climate change. We compare the key trends of climate change with the perspectives of local residents, based on memories, subjective experiences, and local environmental knowledge. Our results highlight a significant divergence of the subjective assessments of residents from objective data on the dynamics of changes in certain environmental elements. We explore how the human subjective perception of natural processes, their consequences and impacts, are influenced by such factors as: type of settlement, age, gender, level of education and how collective stereotypes and judgments merge information in attitude formation. We also address the need to reconcile observed climate change impacts and perceptions to enable decision-makers to engage more constructively with the local population to develop and implement adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid34561835,
year = {2021},
author = {Horn, B and Ferreira, C and Kalantari, Z},
title = {Links between food trade, climate change and food security in developed countries: A case study of Sweden.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34561835},
issn = {1654-7209},
support = {2017-00608//Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas/ ; },
abstract = {Food security is a global concern affecting even highly developed countries. Ongoing globalisation of food systems, characterised by trading interdependencies, means that agricultural production can be disrupted by climate change, affecting food availability. This study investigated Sweden's food security by identifying major food import categories and associated trade partners (using the World Integrated Trade System database) and vulnerability to frictions in trade deriving from climate change. Vulnerability was assessed through three indicators: exposure based on diversity of sources, dominance and direct trade from supplying countries; sensitivity, assessed using the Climate Risk Index, and adaptive capacity, assessed using the Fragile State Index. The results revealed that Sweden's grain imports may be most vulnerable, and animal products least vulnerable, to climate change. Management strategies based on this preliminary assessment can be developed by integrating climate vulnerability deriving from food trading into the 'Gravity' model, to improve prediction of trade flows.},
}
@article {pmid34559407,
year = {2021},
author = {Maharajan, T and Ceasar, SA and Krishna, TPA and Ignacimuthu, S},
title = {Management of phosphorus nutrient amid climate change for sustainable agriculture.},
journal = {Journal of environmental quality},
volume = {50},
number = {6},
pages = {1303-1324},
doi = {10.1002/jeq2.20292},
pmid = {34559407},
issn = {1537-2537},
abstract = {Nutrients are essential for plant growth and development and influence overall agricultural production. Phosphorus (P) is a major nutrient required for many physiological and biochemical functions of a plant. Phosphate rock is the major source of phosphate fertilizer but is becoming increasingly limited in both developing and developed countries. The resources of phosphate rock need to be conserved, and import dependency on phosphate fertilizer needs to be minimized; this will help increase the availability of phosphate fertilizer over the next 300 yr. Climate change creates new challenges in the management of nutrients including P, affecting the overall production of crops. The availability, acquisition, and translocation of P are influenced by the fluctuation of temperatures, pH, drought, and elevated CO2 . Both lower and higher soil temperatures reduce uptake and translocation of P. High soil pH affects P concentration and decreases the rate of plant P uptake. Low soil pH decreases the activity of soil microorganisms, the rate of transpiration, and P uptake and utilization. Elevated CO2 decreases P uptake from soil by the plants. Future research is needed on chemical, molecular, microbiological, and physiological aspects to improve the understanding on how temperature, pH, drought, and elevated CO2 affect the availability, acquisition, and transport of P by plants. Better P management strategies are required to secure the P supply to ensure long-term protection of soil fertility and to avoid environmental impacts such as eutrophication and water pollution, ensuring sustainable food production.},
}
@article {pmid34558764,
year = {2021},
author = {Lyon, C and Saupe, EE and Smith, CJ and Hill, DJ and Beckerman, AP and Stringer, LC and Marchant, R and McKay, J and Burke, A and O'Higgins, P and Dunhill, AM and Allen, BJ and Riel-Salvatore, J and Aze, T},
title = {Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15871},
pmid = {34558764},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//White Rose Collaboration Fund/ ; 2019-SE3-245686//Fonds Québécois de recherche sur la société et la culture (FQRSC)/ ; NE/T003502/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NE/L002574/1NE/L002574/1//Natural Environment Research Council Studentship/ ; NE/T009381/1//Natural Environment Research Council/International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis Collaborative Research Fellowship/ ; RPG-2018-170//Leverhulme Trust/ ; NE/V011405/1//Natural Science Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic activity is changing Earth's climate and ecosystems in ways that are potentially dangerous and disruptive to humans. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere continue to rise, ensuring that these changes will be felt for centuries beyond 2100, the current benchmark for projection. Estimating the effects of past, current, and potential future emissions to only 2100 is therefore short-sighted. Critical problems for food production and climate-forced human migration are projected to arise well before 2100, raising questions regarding the habitability of some regions of the Earth after the turn of the century. To highlight the need for more distant horizon scanning, we model climate change to 2500 under a suite of emission scenarios and quantify associated projections of crop viability and heat stress. Together, our projections show global climate impacts increase significantly after 2100 without rapid mitigation. As a result, we argue that projections of climate and its effects on human well-being and associated governance and policy must be framed beyond 2100.},
}
@article {pmid34558688,
year = {2021},
author = {Mills, G},
title = {Animals 'shapeshifting' in the face of climate change.},
journal = {The Veterinary record},
volume = {189},
number = {6},
pages = {228-229},
doi = {10.1002/vetr.986},
pmid = {34558688},
issn = {2042-7670},
abstract = {Georgina Mills describes how some species are evolving to adapt to hotter climates.},
}
@article {pmid34557746,
year = {2021},
author = {Wang, H and Xu, C and Liu, Y and Jeppesen, E and Svenning, JC and Wu, J and Zhang, W and Zhou, T and Wang, P and Nangombe, S and Ma, J and Duan, H and Fang, J and Xie, P},
title = {From unusual suspect to serial killer: Cyanotoxins boosted by climate change may jeopardize megafauna.},
journal = {Innovation (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {100092},
pmid = {34557746},
issn = {2666-6758},
abstract = {The recent mass mortality event of more than 330 African elephants in Botswana has been attributed to biotoxins produced by cyanobacteria; however, scientific evidence for this is lacking. Here, by synthesizing multiple sources of data, we show that, during the past decades, the widespread hypertrophic waters in Southern Africa have entailed an extremely high risk and frequent exposure of cyanotoxins to the wildlife within this area, which functions as a hotspot of mammal species richness. The hot and dry climatic extremes have most likely acted as the primary trigger of the recent and perhaps also of prehistoric mass mortality events. As such climate extremes are projected to become more frequent in Southern Africa in the near future, there is a risk that similar tragedies may take place, rendering African megafauna species, especially those that are already endangered, in risk of extinction. Moreover, cyanotoxin poisoning amplified by climate change may have unexpected cascading effects on human societies. Seen within this perspective, the tragic mass death of the world's largest terrestrial mammal species serves as an alarming early warning signal of future environmental catastrophes in Southern Africa. We suggest that systematic, quantitative cyanotoxin risk assessments are made and precautionary actions to mitigate the risks are taken without hesitation to ensure the health and sustainability of the megafauna and human societies within the region.},
}
@article {pmid34557708,
year = {2020},
author = {Jeppesen, E and Beklioğlu, M and Özkan, K and Akyürek, Z},
title = {Salinization Increase due to Climate Change Will Have Substantial Negative Effects on Inland Waters: A Call for Multifaceted Research at the Local and Global Scale.},
journal = {Innovation (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {100030},
pmid = {34557708},
issn = {2666-6758},
}
@article {pmid34557210,
year = {2021},
author = {Giannini, TC and Acosta, AL and Costa, WF and Miranda, L and Pinto, CE and Watanabe, MTC and Zappi, DC and Giulietti, AM and Imperatriz-Fonseca, VL},
title = {Flora of Ferruginous Outcrops Under Climate Change: A Study in the Cangas of Carajás (Eastern Amazon).},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {699034},
pmid = {34557210},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Climate change has impacted biodiversity, affecting species and altering their geographical distribution. Besides understanding the impact in the species, it has been advocated that answering if different traits will be differently impacted could allow refined predictions of how climate change will jeopardize biodiversity. Our aim was to evaluate if climate change will potentially impact plant species differently, considering their traits. We evaluated 608 plant species that occur in the naturally open areas of ferruginous outcrops (namely, cangas) in the National Forest of Carajás (Eastern Amazon). Firstly, we estimated the effects of climate change on each species using species distribution modeling, and analyzed this impact in the set containing all species. Secondly, we classified plant species considering the following traits: (i) pollination syndromes (melittophily, phalaenophily, psychophily, cantharophily, entomophily, ornithophily, chiropterophily, anemophily); (ii) habit (tree, shrub, herb, liana, parasite); and (iii) the main habitat of occurrence (open areas and forests). Thirdly, we investigated if the effects of climate change could be significantly more intense considering all the different traits quoted. Our results showed that most plant species will potentially face reduction of suitable habitats under future climate and the scenarios showed that 42% of them may not find suitable areas in the cangas of Carajás. We found no significant difference within each analyzed trait, considering the potential impact of climate change. The most climatically suitable areas (i.e., areas with high probability of species occurrence in the future) are those in the southwest of the study area. These areas can be considered as priority areas for species protection against climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34556766,
year = {2021},
author = {Kouba, M and Bartoš, L and Bartošová, J and Hongisto, K and Korpimäki, E},
title = {Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm's owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {18893},
pmid = {34556766},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Physical condition is important for the ability to resist various parasites and diseases as well as in escaping predators thus contributing to reproductive success, over-winter survival and possible declines in wildlife populations. However, in-depth research on trends in body condition is rare because decades-long datasets are not available for a majority of species. We analysed the long-term dataset of offspring covering 34 years, male parents (40 years) and female parents (42 years) to find out whether the decline of Tengmalm's owl population in western Finland is attributable to either decreased adult and/or juvenile body condition in interaction with changing weather conditions and density estimates of main foods. We found that body condition of parent owl males and females declined throughout the 40-year study period whereas the body condition of owlets at the fledging stage very slightly increased. The body condition of parent owls increased with augmenting depth of snow cover in late winter (January to March), and that of offspring improved with increasing precipitation in late spring (May to June). We conclude that the decreasing trend of body condition of parent owl males and females is important factor probably inducing reduced adult survival and reduced reproduction success thus contributing to the long-term decline of the Tengmalm's owl study population. The very slightly increasing trend of body condition of offspring is obviously not able to compensate the overall decline of Tengmalm's owl population, because the number of offspring in turn simultaneously decreased considerably in the long-term. The ongoing climate change appeared to work in opposite ways in this case because declining depth of snow cover will make the situation worse but increased precipitation will improve. We suggest that the main reasons for long-term decline of body condition of parent owls are interactive or additive effects of reduced food resources and increased overall predation risk due to habitat degradation (loss and fragmentation of mature and old-growth forests due to clear-felling) subsequently leading to decline of Tengmalm's owl study population.},
}
@article {pmid34555315,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhao, J and Luo, Y},
title = {A framework to address cognitive biases of climate change.},
journal = {Neuron},
volume = {109},
number = {22},
pages = {3548-3551},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.029},
pmid = {34555315},
issn = {1097-4199},
abstract = {We propose a framework that outlines several predominant cognitive biases of climate change, identifies potential causes, and proposes debiasing tools, with the ultimate goal of depolarizing climate beliefs and promoting actions to mitigate climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34554997,
year = {2021},
author = {Breysse, P and Dolan, K and Schramm, P and Plescia, M},
title = {Approaching Climate Change: The Role of State and Territorial Health Agencies.},
journal = {Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {615-617},
doi = {10.1097/PHH.0000000000001436},
pmid = {34554997},
issn = {1550-5022},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; *Public Health ; United States ; },
}
@article {pmid34554077,
year = {2021},
author = {Springgate, BF and Sugarman, O and Wells, KB and Palinkas, LA and Meyers, D and Wennerstrom, A and Johnson, A and Haywood, C and Sarpong, D and Culbertson, R},
title = {Community Partnered Participatory Research in Southeast Louisiana Communities Threatened by Climate Change: The C-LEARN EXPERIENCE.},
journal = {The American journal of bioethics : AJOB},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {46-48},
doi = {10.1080/15265161.2021.1965248},
pmid = {34554077},
issn = {1536-0075},
support = {U54 GM104940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Community Participation ; *Community-Based Participatory Research ; Humans ; Louisiana ; },
}
@article {pmid34551123,
year = {2021},
author = {Di Ciaula, A and Krawczyk, M and Filipiak, KJ and Geier, A and Bonfrate, L and Portincasa, P},
title = {Noncommunicable diseases, climate change and iniquities: What COVID-19 has taught us about syndemic.},
journal = {European journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {51},
number = {12},
pages = {e13682},
pmid = {34551123},
issn = {1365-2362},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is generating clinical challenges, lifestyle changes, economic consequences. The pandemic imposes to familiarize with concepts as prevention, vulnerability and resilience.<br><br>METHODS: We analysed and reviewed the most relevant papers in the MEDLINE database on syndemic, noncommunicable diseases, pandemic, climate changes, pollution, resilience, vulnerability, health costs, COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: We discuss that comprehensive strategies must face multifactorial consequences since the pandemic becomes syndemic due to interactions with noncommunicable diseases, climate changes and iniquities. The lockdown experience, on the other hand, demonstrates that it is rapidly possible to reverse epidemiologic trends and to reduce pollution. The worst outcome is evident in eight highly industrialized nations, where 12% of the world population experienced about one-third of all COVID-19-deaths worldwide. Thus, a great economic power has not been fully protective, and a change of policy is obviously needed to avoid irreversible consequences.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We are accumulating unhealthy populations living in unhealthy environments and generating unhealthy offspring. The winning policy should tackle structural inequities through a syndemic approach, to protect vulnerable populations from present and future harms.},
}
@article {pmid34551119,
year = {2021},
author = {Mitchell, PH},
title = {Nursing's mandate in climate change.},
journal = {International nursing review},
volume = {68},
number = {3},
pages = {279-280},
doi = {10.1111/inr.12704},
pmid = {34551119},
issn = {1466-7657},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; *Social Justice ; },
abstract = {Science tells us that human-induced climate change is real and threatening health and well-being everywhere. Nurses have a key role as individuals and collectively to mitigate these effects. We are obligated to action, advocacy, and policy change at both a personal and professional level in this global emergency. This includes working to achieve climate justice and the United Nations' Sustainable Health Goals, which have a strong focus on climate action.},
}
@article {pmid34549847,
year = {2021},
author = {Foong, LH and Huntley, R},
title = {Communicating about climate change - Who is listening, who isn't and why: Implications for medical professionals.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {57},
number = {11},
pages = {1826-1829},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15717},
pmid = {34549847},
issn = {1440-1754},
abstract = {Community concern about climate change in the community in general is strong and getting stronger but greater action on climate change is contingent upon whether the public sees strong links between climate effects and personal and community wellbeing in the present as well as the future. Medical and health-care professions can be effective messengers about the impacts of climate given their trusted status and ability to draw connections between climate change and physical and mental health.},
}
@article {pmid34549661,
year = {2021},
author = {Schmid-Petri, H and Bürger, M},
title = {The effect of misinformation and inoculation: Replication of an experiment on the effect of false experts in the context of climate change communication.},
journal = {Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {9636625211024550},
doi = {10.1177/09636625211024550},
pmid = {34549661},
issn = {1361-6609},
abstract = {An important communication strategy of climate skeptics is the use of fake experts, who act as spokespersons, although they do not possess any expertise in the field. One promising approach to tackle the effect of misinformation is inoculation. Previous research focuses on the United States, and the comparably low effect sizes of previous research call for further examination and consolidation. This study aims to complement those findings with data for Germany and replicates and extends an experiment by Cook et al. with a 2 × 2 between-subjects design. Our study confirms the importance of pre-existing worldviews for climate-related attitudes. Regarding the effects of misinformation messages and most notably, the effects of inoculation messages we could not replicate the findings of Cook et al.: At least in our setting, the misinformation message and also inoculation preceding misinformation had hardly any effect on the climate-related attitudes under study.},
}
@article {pmid34549563,
year = {2021},
author = {Michelozzi, P and De' Donato, F},
title = {[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report: stopping climate change to save our planet].},
journal = {Epidemiologia e prevenzione},
volume = {45},
number = {4},
pages = {227-229},
doi = {10.19191/EP21.4.P227.076},
pmid = {34549563},
issn = {1120-9763},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; *Planets ; },
}
@article {pmid34548926,
year = {2021},
author = {Guo, L},
title = {Battle of the bees: will native or invasive bees fare better with climate change?.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {coab080},
pmid = {34548926},
issn = {2051-1434},
}
@article {pmid34548721,
year = {2021},
author = {Wynes, S and Kotcher, J and Donner, SD},
title = {Can citizen pressure influence politicians' communication about climate change? Results from a field experiment.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {168},
number = {1-2},
pages = {6},
pmid = {34548721},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {Urgent reductions in greenhouse gas emissions depend on governments implementing and enforcing rigorous climate policy. Individuals in democracies seeking to persuade government officials to reduce greenhouse gas emissions can take steps such as voting, protesting, and contacting officials directly, but it is unclear how effective each of these actions is in changing the behavior of elected officials. Here we take advantage of the public nature of social media to evaluate the actual efficacy of climate campaign emails using an original, real-world experiment where 335 Members of Canadian Parliament were asked by constituents to post a pro-climate message to their Twitter account. Only one Member of Parliament posted the exact text suggested by the campaign. After scraping and coding 18,776 tweets, we first find no evidence that a public health messaging frame is more effective than a standard environmental frame in eliciting pro-climate posts. Furthermore, we find only a marginally significant relationship between volume of constituent contact and increased pro-climate tweeting from Members of Parliament. Follow-up interviews with political staffers suggest that analog alternatives may be more effective than campaign emails in some cases. Interview findings also reveal that some offices receive low levels of constituent communication on climate change, indicating that increased pressure from constituents could still be consequential.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-021-03215-9.},
}
@article {pmid34548720,
year = {2021},
author = {Wells, R and Howarth, C and Brand-Correa, LI},
title = {Are citizen juries and assemblies on climate change driving democratic climate policymaking? An exploration of two case studies in the UK.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {168},
number = {1-2},
pages = {5},
pmid = {34548720},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {In light of increasing pressure to deliver climate action targets and the growing role of citizens in raising the importance of the issue, deliberative democratic processes (e.g. citizen juries and citizen assemblies) on climate change are increasingly being used to provide a voice to citizens in climate change decision-making. Through a comparative case study of two processes that ran in the UK in 2019 (the Leeds Climate Change Citizens' Jury and the Oxford Citizens' Assembly on Climate Change), this paper investigates how far citizen assemblies and juries are increasing citizen engagement on climate change and creating more citizen-centred climate policymaking. Interviews were conducted with policymakers, councillors, professional facilitators and others involved in running these processes to assess motivations for conducting these, their structure and the impact and influence they had. The findings suggest the impact of these processes is not uniform: they have an indirect impact on policy making by creating momentum around climate action and supporting the introduction of pre-planned or pre-existing policies rather than a direct impact by truly being citizen-centred policy making processes or conducive to new climate policy. We conclude with reflections on how these processes give elected representatives a public mandate on climate change, that they help to identify more nuanced and in-depth public opinions in a fair and informed way, yet it can be challenging to embed citizen juries and assemblies in wider democratic processes.},
}
@article {pmid34548673,
year = {2021},
author = {Lovejoy, TE},
title = {Nature, COVID-19, disease prevention, and climate change.},
journal = {Biological conservation},
volume = {261},
number = {},
pages = {109213},
pmid = {34548673},
issn = {0006-3207},
abstract = {When COVID-19 arrived, usual human activity around the world paused or slowed, and nature responded to the opportunity. Even in major urban areas, people remarked on the clearer, crisper, star- brightened night skies. This issue's collection of interesting papers provides insights into ways the natural world responded, but it would seem worthwhile to take a step back and frame that phenomenon in its intellectual and epidemiological context.},
}
@article {pmid34548646,
year = {2021},
author = {Flowers, CC},
title = {Hurricane Ida shows the one-two punch of poverty and climate change.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {597},
number = {7877},
pages = {449},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02520-8},
pmid = {34548646},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {COVID-19/epidemiology ; Climate Change/*economics/mortality ; Cyclonic Storms/*economics/mortality ; Disasters/*economics/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Goals ; Humans ; Louisiana/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Politics ; *Poverty/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Racism/economics/prevention &amp; control/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Sanitation ; *Social Justice/economics/trends ; Sustainable Development/economics/trends ; *Vulnerable Populations/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
}
@article {pmid34547948,
year = {2021},
author = {Birch, M and van Bergen, L},
title = {The trust deficit: pandemic, disarmament, climate change and the securitization of health.},
journal = {Medicine, conflict, and survival},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {173-176},
doi = {10.1080/13623699.2021.1972528},
pmid = {34547948},
issn = {1362-3699},
mesh = {Climate Change ; Humans ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Security Measures ; *Trust ; },
}
@article {pmid34545460,
year = {2021},
author = {Basch, CH and Yalamanchili, B and Fera, J},
title = {#Climate Change on TikTok: A Content Analysis of Videos.},
journal = {Journal of community health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34545460},
issn = {1573-3610},
abstract = {Current day youth have an important role in climate activism, as the decisions and policies made now will have long lasting impacts on the climate and sustainability. Climate change is becoming an increasing concern for younger generations. As such, the purpose of this study was to describe content related to climate change on TikTok. This study included 100 English-language videos related to climate change featured on TikTok. The hashtag #climatechange was chosen because it had the most views of any related hashtag at the time of the study. The number of views, comments, and likes were recorded for each video. Each video was also observed for the presence of predetermined content characteristics. The 100 videos sampled collectively received 205,551,200 views, 40, 203,400 likes, and 666,089 comments. Only eight of the 100 videos included information from a reputable source. Only three of the characteristics were featured in a majority (> 50) of the videos. These were, presents climate change as real (93), affected populations (76), and climate anxiety/frustration (57). Videos mentioning natural disasters garnered 63,453,100 (30.87%) views, 14,245,200 (35.43%) likes, and 236,493 (35.50%) comments. In all, 73 of the 100 videos mentioned at least one environmental impact. Videos including this theme earned 156,677,200 (76.22%) views, 32,000,700 (79.60%) likes, and 563,195 (84.55%) comments. Social media platforms such as TikTok are important tools for understanding popular opinion regarding public health issues such as global climate change. However, the presence of credible professionals is essential on platforms such as TikTok to increase the chances that messaging is as comprehensive as time allows, while also being scientifically sound.},
}
@article {pmid34543962,
year = {2021},
author = {Mendoza-Ponce, A and Corona-Núñez, RO and Nava, LF and Estrada, F and Calderón-Bustamante, O and Martínez-Meyer, E and Carabias, J and Larralde-Corona, AH and Barrios, M and Pardo-Villegas, PD},
title = {Impacts of land management and climate change in a developing and socioenvironmental challenging transboundary region.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {300},
number = {},
pages = {113748},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113748},
pmid = {34543962},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Agriculture ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forests ; },
abstract = {Land-use/cover change is the major cause of terrestrial ecosystem degradation. However, its impacts will be exacerbated due to climate change and population growth, driving agricultural expansion because of higher demand of food and lower agricultural yields in some tropical areas. International strategies aimed to mitigate impacts of climate change and land use-cover change are challenging in developing regions. This study aims to evaluate alternatives to minimize the impacts of these threats under socioeconomic trajectories, in one of the biologically richest regions in Guatemala and Mexico. This study is located at the Usumacinta watershed, a transboundary region that shares a common history, with similar biophysical properties and economic constraints which have led to large land use/cover changes. To understand the impacts on deforestation and carbon emissions of different land-management practices, we developed three scenarios (1): business as usual (BAU), (2) a reducing emissions scenario aimed to reduce deforestation and degradation (REDD+), and (3) zero-deforestation from 2030 onwards based on the international commitments. Our results suggest that by 2050, natural land cover might reduce 22.3 and 12.2% of its extent under the BAU and REDD + scenarios, respectively in comparison with 2012. However, the zero-deforestation scenario shows that by 2050, it would be possible to avoid losing 22.4% of the forested watershed (1.7 million ha) and recover 5.9% (0.4 million hectares) of it. In terms of carbon sequestration, REDD + projects can reduce the carbon losses in natural vegetation, but a zero-deforestation policy can double the carbon sequestration produced by REDD + projects only. This study shows that to reduce the pressures on ecosystems, particularly in regions highly marginalized with significant migration, it is necessary to implement transboundary land-management policies that also integrate poverty alleviation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34543791,
year = {2022},
author = {Gonçalves, C and Honrado, JP and Cerejeira, J and Sousa, R and Fernandes, PM and Vaz, AS and Alves, M and Araújo, M and Carvalho-Santos, C and Fonseca, A and Fraga, H and Gonçalves, JF and Lomba, A and Pinto, E and Vicente, JR and Santos, JA},
title = {On the development of a regional climate change adaptation plan: Integrating model-assisted projections and stakeholders' perceptions.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {805},
number = {},
pages = {150320},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150320},
pmid = {34543791},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Acclimatization ; Agriculture ; *Climate Change ; *Forests ; Perception ; },
abstract = {Climate change is expected to have strong social-ecological implications, with global but especially regional and local challenges. To assess the climatic vulnerability of a given territory, it is necessary to evaluate its exposure to climate change and its adaptive capacity. This study describes the development of an Action Plan for Adapting to Climate Change in the Tâmega and Sousa Region, a mountainous inter-municipal community in the North of Portugal. The goals were to identify the main impacts of climate change on water resources, agriculture, forests, biodiversity, and socioeconomic sectors, as well as to develop a plan, merging local and scientific knowledge through a transdisciplinary lens. This study describes an approach that combines modelling methods, applied in the different sectors, and participatory methods, based on the analysis of the perceptions of local actors. Results indicate that the target region will experience a generalized increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation, which will negatively impact all studied social-ecological dimensions. Overall, local business and institutional agents perceive the primary and tourism sectors as the most vulnerable in the region. The described framework demonstrates the engagement process between relevant scientific experts and local practitioners, as well as how it is critical to understand the impacts of climate change and to support the co-design of an adaptation plan, which in turn can guide political and economic decision-making towards effective implementation of the plan. In addition, the difficulties and challenges encountered during this process are discussed to support future plans and strategies for local adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid34543498,
year = {2021},
author = {Schickele, A and Guidetti, P and Giakoumi, S and Zenetos, A and Francour, P and Raybaud, V},
title = {Improving predictions of invasive fish ranges combining functional and ecological traits with environmental suitability under climate change scenarios.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {27},
number = {23},
pages = {6086-6102},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15896},
pmid = {34543498},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation/ ; //Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur (PACA) Region in partnership with the Comité Régional des Pêches Maritimes et des Elevages Marins (CRPMEM) de PACA/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Introduced Species ; Mediterranean Sea ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions represent one of the main threats to marine biodiversity. From a conservation perspective, especially in the context of increasing sea warming, it is critical to examine the suitability potential of geographical areas for the arrival of Range-Expanding Introduced and Native Species (REINS), and hence anticipate the risk of such species to become invasive in their new distribution areas. Here, we developed an empirical index, based on functional and bio-ecological traits, that estimates the Invasive Potential (IP; i.e. the potential success in transport, introduction and population establishment) for a set of 13 fishes that are expanding their distributional range into the Mediterranean Sea, the most invaded sea in the world. The IP index showed significant correlation with the observed spreading of REINS. For the six species characterized by the highest IP, we calculated contemporary and future projections of their Environmental Suitability Index (ESI). By using an ensemble modelling approach, we estimated the geographical areas that are likely to be the most impacted by REINS spreading under climate change. Our results demonstrated the importance of functional traits related to reproduction for determining high invasion potential. For most species, we found high contemporary ESI values in the South-eastern Mediterranean Sea and low to intermediate contemporary ESI values in the Adriatic Sea and North-western Mediterranean sector. Moreover, we highlighted a major potential future expansion of high ESI values, and thus REINS IP, towards the northern Mediterranean, especially in the northern Adriatic Sea. This potential future northward expansion highlights the risk associated with climate-induced impacts on ecosystem conservation and fish stock management throughout the entire Mediterranean Sea.},
}
@article {pmid34542108,
year = {2021},
author = {Grace, D and Lee, HS and Smith, J},
title = {Introduction - Veterinary Services in a changing world: climate change and other external factors.},
journal = {Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {371-382},
doi = {10.20506/rst.40.2.3230},
pmid = {34542108},
issn = {0253-1933},
mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; },
}
@article {pmid34542106,
year = {2021},
author = {Stephen, C and Soos, C},
title = {The implications of climate change for Veterinary Services.},
journal = {Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {421-430},
doi = {10.20506/rst.40.2.3234},
pmid = {34542106},
issn = {0253-1933},
mesh = {Animals ; Climate Change ; *Disasters ; Droughts ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Greenhouse Gases ; Livestock ; },
abstract = {Climate change due to increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most pressing issues facing society on a global scale. The growth of GHG emissions between 2000 and 2010 was higher than in each of the previous three decades, and each of the past four decades has been successively warmer than any preceding decades since 1850. Continued GHG emissions will cause further warming and changes in the climate system. Climate change affects livestock production in multiple ways, both directly and indirectly. Many of the impacts on the livestock sector result from increasing frequency and magnitude of weather and climate extremes such as droughts, flash floods, untimely rains, frost, hail and severe storms. This article describes some of the most vulnerable disaster communities in Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe and South America. It then describes the importance of meteorological information provided by national Meteorological and Hydrological Services to help Veterinary Services support sustainable management of livestock in vulnerable pastoral communities.},
}
@article {pmid34541671,
year = {2021},
author = {Leung, A and Sage, RF},
title = {Digest: Between invasive species and a hot place: Plant evolution under climate change.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {75},
number = {12},
pages = {3214-3215},
doi = {10.1111/evo.14352},
pmid = {34541671},
issn = {1558-5646},
abstract = {Will climate change lead to invasive species evolving faster than native or naturalized species? Gianoli and Molina-Montenegro showed that, under warming and drought, the evolution of photosynthetic capacity does not always favor invasive species. These data raise interesting questions for the study of evolution of invasive species under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34541525,
year = {2021},
author = {Bailey, C and Farrell, A and Purty, T and Taylor, A and Disney, J},
title = {Development of Privacy Features on Anecdata.org, a Free Citizen Science Platform for Collecting Datasets for Climate Change and Related Projects.},
journal = {Frontiers in climate},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34541525},
issn = {2624-9553},
support = {R25 GM129796/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The Anecdata website and its corresponding mobile app provide unique features to meet the needs of a wide variety of diverse citizen science projects from across the world. The platform has been developed with the help of continuous feedback from community partners, project leaders, and website users and currently hosts more than 200 projects. Over 8,000 registered users have contributed more than 30,000 images and over 50,000 observations since the platform became open to the public in 2014. From its inception, one of the core tenets of Anecdata's mission has been to make data from citizen science projects freely accessible to project participants and the general public, and in the platform's first few years, it followed a completely open data access model. As the platform has grown, hosting ever more projects, we have found that this model does not meet all project needs, especially where endangered species, property access rights, participant safety in the field, and personal privacy are concerned. We first introduced features for data and user privacy as part of "All About Arsenic," a National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA)-funded project at MDI Biological Laboratory, which engages middle and high school teachers and students from schools across Maine and New Hampshire in sampling their home well water for analysis of arsenic and other heavy metals. In order to host this project on Anecdata, we developed features for spatial privacy or "geoprivacy" to conceal the coordinates of samplers' homes, partial data redaction tools we call "private fields" to withhold certain sample registration questions from public datasets, and "participant anonymity" to conceal which user account uploaded an observation. We describe the impetus for the creation of these features, challenges we encountered, and our technical approach. While these features were originally developed for the purposes of a public health and science literacy project, they are now available to all project leaders setting up projects on Anecdata.org and have been adopted by a number of projects, including Mass Audubon's Eastern Meadowlark Survey, South Carolina Aquarium's SeaRise, and Coastal Signs of the Seasons (SOS) Monitoring projects.},
}
@article {pmid34541351,
year = {2021},
author = {Okon, EM and Falana, BM and Solaja, SO and Yakubu, SO and Alabi, OO and Okikiola, BT and Awe, TE and Adesina, BT and Tokula, BE and Kipchumba, AK and Edeme, AB},
title = {Systematic review of climate change impact research in Nigeria: implication for sustainable development.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {9},
pages = {e07941},
pmid = {34541351},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {There is evidence that Nigeria is already experiencing environmental challenges attributed to climate change (CC) and its impacts. This has clearly highlighted the need for knowledge-based strategies to help plan adequate mitigation and adaptation measures for the country. One of the basic requirements to ensure such strategies is the development of a database of national CC research. This will aid in the assessment of past and present scientific publications from which directions for future study can be mapped. The present study used standard, systematic, and bibliographic literature reviews to analyse the trend, focus, spatial variability, and effectiveness of published research on CC impacts in Nigeria. Four thematic areas of CC impact research were defined: Agriculture, Environment, Human and Multi-disciplinary study. A total of 701 articles were found to be relevant and the review shows that CC impacts and adaptations in the literature vary across research categories and locations. The period between 2011 (68 studies) and 2015 (80 studies) showed a tremendous rise in CC impact research with a peak in 2014 (84 studies). Studies in the agriculture category had the highest publications in 23 States of Nigeria. The review revealed three research gaps: (1) lack of research that investigated the magnitude of present and potential future impacts in the aquatic environment (2) little attention on CC impacts and adaptation in the Northern regions of Nigeria (3) absence of study investigating the effects of multiple variables of CC at the same time. The findings suggest that it would be useful to advance CC research in Nigeria beyond perceptive approaches to more quantitative ones. This is particularly important for highly vulnerable animals, crops, locations, and for better planning of adaptation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34540520,
year = {2021},
author = {Lastra Landa, DE and Bueno, CVG},
title = {"Climate change might have caused our small harvest": indigenous vulnerability, livelihoods, and environmental changes in lowland and high jungle indigenous communities in Peru.},
journal = {Journal of environmental studies and sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-16},
pmid = {34540520},
issn = {2190-6483},
abstract = {The purpose of this article is to analyze how indigenous livelihoods are challenged by the global phenomenon of climate change while paying particular attention to how historically shaped, non-climatic factors influence how climate change is experienced in the Peruvian Amazon. In this sense, we will address indigenous people's lived experiences of climate variations using a theoretical framework based on concepts of vulnerability. Methodologically, we draw on both a recent literature review and fieldwork conducted during 2015 and 2016 with two Kukama Kukamiria communities in Loreto (low jungle) and three Ashaninka communities in Junín (high jungle). After describing our theoretical framework and qualitative methods, we discuss the economic history of the addressed areas and show how non-climatic factors, such as colonialism, influence these communities' experiences. This context allows us to better understand indigenous people's experience of seasonal variations, precipitations and climatic events, its effect on their livelihoods, and their adaptive strategies in response to challenges imposed by climate unpredictability and broader transformations in their territories. Our conclusions are twofold: (a) addressing climate change must incorporate multiple temporal and spatial scales and (b) non-climatic factors are integral to understanding the role of climate change vulnerability of indigenous population.},
}
@article {pmid34539239,
year = {2021},
author = {Leal Filho, W and Wall, T and Alves, F and Nagy, GJ and Fernández Carril, LR and Li, C and Mucova, S and Platje Joost, J and Rayman-Bacchus, L and Totin, E and Ayal, DY and Lütz, JM and Azeiteiro, UM and Vinuesa, AG and Minhas, A},
title = {The impacts of the early outset of the COVID-19 pandemic on climate change research: Implications for policy-making.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; policy},
volume = {124},
number = {},
pages = {267-278},
pmid = {34539239},
issn = {1462-9011},
abstract = {Since January 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has dominated the media and exercises pressure on governments worldwide. Apart from its effects on economies, education systems and societies, the pandemic has also influenced climate change research. This paper examines the extent to which COVID-19 has influenced climate change research worldwide during the first wave at the beginning of 2020 and how it is perceived to exploit it in the future. This study utilised an international survey involving those dedicated to climate change science and management research from Academia, Government, NGOs, and international agencies in 83 countries. The analysis of responses encompasses four independent variables: Institutions, Regions, Scientific Areas, and the level of economic development represented by the Human Development Index (HDI). Results show that: (1) COVID-19 modified the way the surveyed researchers work, (2) there are indicators that COVID-19 has already influenced the direction of climate change and adaptation policy implementation, and (3) respondents perceived (explicitly concerning the COVID-19 lockdowns of March-April 2020), that the pandemic has drawn attention away from climate policy. COVID- 19 has influenced the agenda of climate change research for more than half of the respondents and is likely to continue in the future, suggesting that the impacts on their research will still be felt for many years. The paper concludes by outlining critical implications for policy-making.},
}
@article {pmid34538143,
year = {2021},
author = {Morales-Castilla, I and Pappalardo, P and Farrell, MJ and Aguirre, AA and Huang, S and Gehman, AM and Dallas, T and Gravel, D and Davies, TJ},
title = {Forecasting parasite sharing under climate change.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {376},
number = {1837},
pages = {20200360},
pmid = {34538143},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {Animals ; Artiodactyla/*parasitology ; *Climate Change ; Forecasting ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Models, Biological ; North America ; Parasitology/*methods ; Perissodactyla/*parasitology ; },
abstract = {Species are shifting their distributions in response to climate change. This geographic reshuffling may result in novel co-occurrences among species, which could lead to unseen biotic interactions, including the exchange of parasites between previously isolated hosts. Identifying potential new host-parasite interactions would improve forecasting of disease emergence and inform proactive disease surveillance. However, accurate predictions of future cross-species disease transmission have been hampered by the lack of a generalized approach and data availability. Here, we propose a framework to predict novel host-parasite interactions based on a combination of niche modelling of future host distributions and parasite sharing models. Using the North American ungulates as a proof of concept, we show this approach has high cross-validation accuracy in over 85% of modelled parasites and find that more than 34% of the host-parasite associations forecasted by our models have already been recorded in the literature. We discuss potential sources of uncertainty and bias that may affect our results and similar forecasting approaches, and propose pathways to generate increasingly accurate predictions. Our results indicate that forecasting parasite sharing in response to shifts in host geographic distributions allow for the identification of regions and taxa most susceptible to emergent pathogens under climate change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.},
}
@article {pmid34537948,
year = {2021},
author = {Ruklani, S and Rubasinghe, SCK and Jayasuriya, G},
title = {A review of frameworks for using bryophytes as indicators of climate change with special emphasis on Sri Lankan bryoflora.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {28},
number = {43},
pages = {60425-60437},
doi = {10.1007/s11356-021-16588-2},
pmid = {34537948},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {20-007//National Research Council Sri Lanka/ ; },
mesh = {*Bryophyta ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Sri Lanka ; },
abstract = {The tropical island of Sri Lanka, with a land area of 65,610 km2 and 1340 km of coastline, is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change, with detrimental effects on agriculture, water resources, human health, coastal zones, infrastructure, industry, and biodiversity. A general increase in temperature and precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and increase in weather-related natural disasters, such as floods and droughts, have been traced over the years. Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses, hornworts) occupy a pivotal position in the land plant evolution and form a unique part of the vegetation. Many taxa of bryophytes exhibit observable, distinct adaptations in response to changes in environmental conditions quickly. Bryophytes can be used to monitor climate change in two ways; (i) presence or absence in the ecosystem and (ii) changes in morphology and physiology that can be used for monitoring. Sri Lanka has a rich bryophyte flora consisting of 575 species of mosses, 338 species of liverworts, and 07 species of hornworts. It is estimated that 11% of mosses are endemic; there are no endemic thalloid liverworts or hornworts found in Sri Lanka, and the endemicity of leafy liverworts is yet to be investigated. The taxonomic status of endemic taxa and the biogeographic affinities of many taxa remain unexplored. Further, the potential use of bryophytes as indicators of climate change in Sri Lanka has not yet been investigated. This paper compiles the information on morphological and physiological responses of bryophytes to elevated temperature, increase in greenhouse gases, increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, and fluctuations in humidity. In the light of this gathered global knowledge, possible species of bryophytes to be used in assessing and predicting climate change and developing a climate change model in Sri Lanka are proposed. Asian bryophytes, in general, have poorly been represented in climate change literature. We believe that this knowledge will form the foundation for future research focused on climate change mitigation in other tropical and Asian countries.},
}
@article {pmid34537689,
year = {2022},
author = {Yin, G and Wang, G and Zhang, X and Wang, X and Hu, Q and Shrestha, S and Hao, F},
title = {Multi-scale assessment of water security under climate change in North China in the past two decades.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {805},
number = {},
pages = {150103},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150103},
pmid = {34537689},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {China ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Temperature ; Water ; Water Supply ; },
abstract = {Climate change is projected to affect the hydrological cycles in China, while the effects are expected to vary spatiotemporally. Understanding the variations in water security conditions and their sensitivity to climatic variables is crucial for assessing regional ecosystem responses to climate change. In the present study, we estimated the water yield capacity, an important indicator of water security in North China (NC), at a spatial resolution of 1 km during the last two decades based on the Budyko framework and quantified the sensitivity of water yield change to climate change among different vegetation types. The results showed that the performances of the Budyko framework were reliable both at the pixel scale and across large watersheds. The annual water yield in North China was estimated to be 7.61 ± 2.67 ∗ 1010 m3/yr, with an average mean water yield (MWY) of 49.51 ± 17.49 mm/yr. The spatial pattern of mean water yield change (MWYC) exhibited high heterogeneity; 46% of the study region was dominated by an increasing trend, while 9.84% was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with temperature, the water yield capacity was more sensitive to precipitation variation. A consistent trend of variation was found in cropland between water yield and precipitation, while negative sensitivity coefficients were found in natural vegetation types. The variation in sensitivity coefficients (Swyp) in natural vegetation showed that in regions with a decrease in precipitation, the variation in water yield capacity also decreased, while in regions with an increase in precipitation from 0 to 8 mm/yr, the water yield capacity first decreased and then increased with precipitation. Our findings suggest that grass and shrubs would be more beneficial to regional water security in North China's revegetation, while afforestation would provide protection for the regional environment from extreme rainfall events.},
}
@article {pmid34537496,
year = {2021},
author = {Ergin, E and Altinel, B and Aktas, E},
title = {A mixed method study on global warming, climate change and the role of public health nurses from the perspective of nursing students.},
journal = {Nurse education today},
volume = {107},
number = {},
pages = {105144},
doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105144},
pmid = {34537496},
issn = {1532-2793},
mesh = {Climate Change ; *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Global Warming ; Health Services ; Humans ; *Nurses, Public Health ; *Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {AIM: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of the nursing students taking the Public Health Nursing course about global warming, climate change, the impact on health and the role of the public health nurse.<br><br>DESIGN: The study is a mixed method study that includes descriptive data and focus group discussions on global warming, the effects of climate change and the role of the public health nurse.<br><br>METHODS: The data were collected from the nursing faculty of a university located in the Central Anatolia region, where agricultural lands are widespread and climate change effects are most commonly observed. The data were collected from 154 undergraduate senior nursing students between February 2020 and May 2020. Firstly, the students completed the Global Warming Questionnaire that includes 26 items about global warming, climate change, their effects and the role of the public health nurse. Secondly, some students (n = 19) selected through the purposive sampling method participated in online focus group meetings.<br><br>RESULTS: Our study revealed that 87.7% of the students know the main cause of climate change. The mean scale scores of the students who watch documentaries on the environment, who participate in activities related to the environment, and who know that climate change, sustainable development and health services are closely related were found to be statistically significantly higher (p ≤ 0.005). The views of the students on global warming and the environment were analyzed in focus group interviews according to five themes (global warming perception; the impact of global warming on health; methods of protection; roles of nurses; nursing education).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Global warming and climate change are sensitive and important issues that cannot be evaluated considering only knowledge level.<br><br>IMPACT: Global warming, climate change, their effects on health and the roles and responsibilities of nurses need to be included in the nursing curricula so that health professionals who can take measures against global warming, climate change and their health effects can be educated.},
}
@article {pmid34537076,
year = {2021},
author = {Morgado, ME and Jiang, C and Zambrana, J and Upperman, CR and Mitchell, C and Boyle, M and Sapkota, AR and Sapkota, A},
title = {Climate change, extreme events, and increased risk of salmonellosis: foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet), 2004-2014.},
journal = {Environmental health : a global access science source},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {105},
pmid = {34537076},
issn = {1476-069X},
support = {UE1 EH001049/EH/NCEH CDC HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Climate Change ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; *Extreme Weather ; Female ; Foodborne Diseases/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk ; Salmonella Infections/*epidemiology ; United States ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella cause an estimated 19,336 hospitalizations each year in the United States. Sources of infection can vary by state and include animal and plant-based foods, as well as environmental reservoirs. Several studies have recognized the importance of increased ambient temperature and precipitation in the spread and persistence of Salmonella in soil and food. However, the impact of extreme weather events on Salmonella infection rates among the most prevalent serovars, has not been fully evaluated across distinct U.S. regions.<br><br>METHODS: To address this knowledge gap, we obtained Salmonella case data for S. Enteriditis, S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, and S. Javiana (2004-2014; n = 32,951) from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), and weather data from the National Climatic Data Center (1960-2014). Extreme heat and precipitation events for the study period (2004-2014) were identified using location and calendar day specific 95th percentile thresholds derived using a 30-year baseline (1960-1989). Negative binomial generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between exposure to extreme events and salmonellosis rates.<br><br>RESULTS: We observed that extreme heat exposure was associated with increased rates of infection with S. Newport in Maryland (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 1.14), and Tennessee (IRR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.09), both FoodNet sites with high densities of animal feeding operations (e.g., broiler chickens and cattle). Extreme precipitation events were also associated with increased rates of S. Javiana infections, by 22% in Connecticut (IRR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35) and by 5% in Georgia (IRR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08), respectively. In addition, there was an 11% (IRR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18) increased rate of S. Newport infections in Maryland associated with extreme precipitation events.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our study suggests a stronger association between extreme precipitation events, compared to extreme heat, and salmonellosis across multiple U.S. regions. In addition, the rates of infection with Salmonella serovars that persist in environmental or plant-based reservoirs, such as S. Javiana and S. Newport, appear to be of particular significance regarding increased heat and rainfall events.},
}
@article {pmid34536285,
year = {2021},
author = {Bakken, S},
title = {Climate change, security, privacy, and data sharing: Important areas for advocacy and informatics solutions.},
journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA},
volume = {28},
number = {10},
pages = {2072-2073},
pmid = {34536285},
issn = {1527-974X},
mesh = {Climate Change ; Computer Security ; Confidentiality ; Informatics ; *Information Dissemination ; *Privacy ; },
}
@article {pmid34536253,
year = {2021},
author = {Schimel, DS and Corley, JC},
title = {Climate change and western wildfires.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {e02452},
doi = {10.1002/eap.2452},
pmid = {34536253},
issn = {1051-0761},
}
@article {pmid34531589,
year = {2021},
author = {Chambers, T and Hales, S and Shaw, C and Baker, M and Ball, J and Cleghorn, C and Wilson, N},
title = {New Zealand's Climate Change Commission report: the critical need to address the missing health co-benefits of reducing emissions.},
journal = {The New Zealand medical journal},
volume = {134},
number = {1542},
pages = {109-118},
pmid = {34531589},
issn = {1175-8716},
mesh = {COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Public Health/*trends ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The Climate Change Commission's draft report and recommendations provide a pathway towards achieving the New Zealand Government's commitment to net zero emissions by 2050. However, the Commission has not adequately considered the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation. In this viewpoint, we assess how the Commission has considered health co-benefits in the key response domains. Extrapolating UK evidence to the New Zealand context suggests climate change mitigation strategies that reduce air pollution, transition the population towards plant-based diets and increase physical activity via active transport could prevent thousands of deaths per year in coming decades. Substantial health co-benefits would also arise from improved housing, cleaner water, noise reductions, afforestation and more compact cities. The Commission's draft report only briefly mentions many of these health co-benefits, and some are completely absent. We recommend the Commission's final report: (i) use health co-benefits as an explicit frame; (ii) ensure the government's Treaty of Waitangi obligations are met in all the domains covered to maximise benefits for Māori health and wellbeing; (iii) build on the successful COVID-19 response that demonstrated rapid, science-informed and vigorous government action can address major global health threats; (iv) include both public health expertise and Māori health expertise among its commissioners; (v) explain how health co-benefits are likely to generate major cost-savings to the health system.},
}
@article {pmid34531418,
year = {2021},
author = {Moon, TH and Chae, Y and Lee, DS and Kim, DH and Kim, HG},
title = {Analyzing climate change impacts on health, energy, water resources, and biodiversity sectors for effective climate change policy in South Korea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {18512},
pmid = {34531418},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {This study analyzes how climate change affects the economy, society, and environment in South Korea. Then, the study explores the ways to strengthen capabilities that can alleviate climate change impacts. To find them, the study employs a system dynamics simulation method and builds a model with several sectors including the urban, rural, population, and social-environmental sectors. The study compares the size of climate change damages in rural and urban areas. The results with representative concentration path (RCP) 8.5 show that the size of climate change damage will continue to increase by 2050. The projected damages from the reduced industrial outputs in urban areas will be larger than that in rural areas. The results also show that the service sector will face stronger impacts from climate change than the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. However, the total size of damage in the rural areas will be bigger than that of the urban areas. It is because the size of reduced industrial outputs per capita in the rural areas is twice bigger than that of the urban areas. The climate change damage in the social and environmental sectors (including a loss of biodiversity and an increase in health costs) account for the largest part of the total damage. The study finally provides suggestions and policies that can improve the capabilities to reduce the climate change damages. One of the major suggestions of this study is that the increase in the climate change budget corresponding to the GDP growth can minimize the size of climate change impacts.},
}
@article {pmid34529970,
year = {2022},
author = {Guzmán, P and Tarín-Carrasco, P and Morales-Suárez-Varela, M and Jiménez-Guerrero, P},
title = {Effects of air pollution on dementia over Europe for present and future climate change scenarios.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {204},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {112012},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2021.112012},
pmid = {34529970},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {The scientific literature is scarce when referring to the influence of atmospheric pollutants on neurodegenerative diseases for present and future climate change scenarios. In this sense, this contribution evaluates the incidence of dementia (Alzheimer's disease, AD, and dementia from unspecified cause, DU) occurring in Europe associated with the exposure to air pollution (essentially NO2 and PM2.5) for the present climatic period (1991-2010) and for a future climate change scenario (RCP8.5, 2031-2050). The GEMM methodology has been applied to air pollution simulations using the chemistry/climate regional model WRF-Chem. Present population data were obtained from NASA's Center for Socioeconomic Data and Applications (SEDAC); while future population projections for the year 2050 were derived from the United Nations (UN) Department of Economic and Social Affairs-Population Dynamics. Overall, the estimated incidence rate (cases per year) of AD and DU associated with exposure to air pollution over Europe is 498,000 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 348,600-647,400] and 314,000 (95% CI 257,500-401,900), respectively. An important increase in the future incidence rate is projected (around 72% for both types of dementia) when considering the effect of climate change together with the foreseen changes in the future population, because of the expected aging of European population. The climate penalty (impacts of future climate change alone on air quality) has a limited effect on the total changes of dementia (approx. 0.5%), because the large increase in the incidence rate over southern Europe is offset by its decrease over more northern countries, favored by an improvement of air pollution caused by the projected enhancement of rainfall.},
}
@article {pmid34529873,
year = {2021},
author = {Holland, OJ and Young, MA and Sherman, CDH and Tan, MH and Gorfine, H and Matthews, T and Miller, AD},
title = {Ocean warming threatens key trophic interactions supporting a commercial fishery in a climate change hotspot.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {27},
number = {24},
pages = {6498-6511},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15889},
pmid = {34529873},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {Aquatic Organisms ; Australia ; Biomass ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Oceans and Seas ; },
abstract = {Worldwide, rising ocean temperatures are causing declines and range shifts in marine species. The direct effects of climate change on the biology of marine organisms are often well documented; yet, knowledge on the indirect effects, particularly through trophic interactions, is largely lacking. We provide evidence of ocean warming decoupling critical trophic interactions supporting a commercially important mollusc in a climate change hotspot. Dietary assessments of the Australian blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) indicate primary dependency on a widespread macroalgal species (Phyllospora comosa) which we show to be in state of decline due to ocean warming, resulting in abalone biomass reductions. Niche models suggest further declines in P. comosa over the coming decades and ongoing risks to H. rubra. This study highlights the importance of studies from climate change hotspots and understanding the interplay between climate and trophic interactions when determining the likely response of marine species to environmental changes.},
}
@article {pmid34529217,
year = {2021},
author = {Wiesing, U},
title = {Climate change and the different roles of physicians: a critical response to "A Planetary Health Pledge for Health Professionals in the Anthropocene".},
journal = {Medicine, health care, and philosophy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34529217},
issn = {1572-8633},
abstract = {The article critically responds to "A Planetary Health Pledge for Health Professionals in the Anthropocene" which was published by Wabnitz et al. in The Lancet in November 2020. It focuses on the different roles and responsibilities of a physician. The pledge is criticised because it neglects the different roles, gives no answers in case of conflicting goals, and contains numerous inconsistencies. The relationship between the Planetary Health Pledge and the Declaration of Geneva is examined. It is argued that the Planetary Health Pledge should have supplemented the Declaration of Geneva instead of changing it.},
}
@article {pmid34526279,
year = {2021},
author = {Dagdeviren, H and Elangovan, A and Parimalavalli, R},
title = {Climate change, monsoon failures and inequality of impacts in South India.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {299},
number = {},
pages = {113555},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113555},
pmid = {34526279},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Agriculture ; *Climate Change ; Farmers ; Farms ; Humans ; India ; },
abstract = {This article examines the structural aspects of climate vulnerabilities in the context of monsoon failures. The paper is based on a unique household survey, conducted in Tamil Nadu, India. The study uses a rural differentiation framework to interrogate unequal vulnerabilities to monsoon failures, based on measures such as Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves of monetary losses. Results show that negative consequences of climate change in general, and monsoon failures in particular, intensify pre-existing socio-economic disparities. When the rural differentiation theory is applied in a broader sense, the analysis shows that landed and farming households have greater exposure and losses. When we move beyond these aggregate categories, the revelation is that households with pre-existing disadvantages such as marginal landholders, subsistence farmers and agricultural workers are more vulnerable.},
}
@article {pmid34525713,
year = {2022},
author = {Birkmann, J and Jamshed, A and McMillan, JM and Feldmeyer, D and Totin, E and Solecki, W and Ibrahim, ZZ and Roberts, D and Kerr, RB and Poertner, HO and Pelling, M and Djalante, R and Garschagen, M and Leal Filho, W and Guha-Sapir, D and Alegría, A},
title = {Understanding human vulnerability to climate change: A global perspective on index validation for adaptation planning.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {803},
number = {},
pages = {150065},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150065},
pmid = {34525713},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Adaptation, Physiological ; *Climate Change ; *Disasters ; Floods ; Humans ; Sea Level Rise ; },
abstract = {Climate change is a severe global threat. Research on climate change and vulnerability to natural hazards has made significant progress over the last decades. Most of the research has been devoted to improving the quality of climate information and hazard data, including exposure to specific phenomena, such as flooding or sea-level rise. Less attention has been given to the assessment of vulnerability and embedded social, economic and historical conditions that foster vulnerability of societies. A number of global vulnerability assessments based on indicators have been developed over the past years. Yet an essential question remains how to validate those assessments at the global scale. This paper examines different options to validate global vulnerability assessments in terms of their internal and external validity, focusing on two global vulnerability indicator systems used in the WorldRiskIndex and the INFORM index. The paper reviews these global index systems as best practices and at the same time presents new analysis and global results that show linkages between the level of vulnerability and disaster outcomes. Both the review and new analysis support each other and help to communicate the validity and the uncertainty of vulnerability assessments. Next to statistical validation methods, we discuss the importance of the appropriate link between indicators, data and the indicandum. We found that mortality per hazard event from floods, drought and storms is 15 times higher for countries ranked as highly vulnerable compared to those classified as low vulnerable. These findings highlight the different starting points of countries in their move towards climate resilient development. Priority should be given not just to those regions that are likely to face more severe climate hazards in the future but also to those confronted with high vulnerability already.},
}
@article {pmid34525430,
year = {2021},
author = {Ferretto, A and Brooker, R and Matthews, R and Smith, P},
title = {Climate change and drinking water from Scottish peatlands: Where increasing DOC is an issue?.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {300},
number = {},
pages = {113688},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113688},
pmid = {34525430},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Carbon/analysis ; Climate Change ; *Drinking Water ; Scotland ; *Water Purification ; },
abstract = {Increasing levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been detected in the last decades in water bodies of the Northern hemisphere, and climate change might fuel this rise. For drinking water reservoirs located in peatland catchments, already subjected to elevated amounts of DOC that needs to be removed, this might pose a further problem. Scotland is predicted to face warmer temperatures and a change in rainfall patterns, which will result in more frequent and severe summer droughts and in heavier winter precipitation. These conditions are not ideal for peatlands, which may undergo a drastic reduction in area. Using two bioclimatic envelope models (Blanket bog Tree model and Lindsay Modified model) that project blanket bog distribution in Scotland in the 2050s, we extracted the area of blanket bog that is at risk of loss. Assuming that part of the carbon stored in this area is likely to be lost, we calculated how much of it could be added to DOC in catchments that contain public drinking water reservoirs each year. This analysis is a first estimate of the risk for the provision of drinking water from peatlands in Scotland due to climate change. The aim is to identify the catchments that may face the highest consequences of future climates in terms of the concentration of DOC ([DOC]), where more sophisticated water treatments might be needed. Our results show a great variability among the catchments, with only a few being unaffected by this problem, whereas others could experience substantial seasonal increase in [DOC]. This highlights the necessity to frequently monitor DOC levels in the reservoirs located in catchments where the major problems could arise, and to take the necessary measures to reduce it. Given that peatland condition and vegetation cover play a fundamental role in influencing DOC losses, this study also offers an indication of where peatland restoration might be useful to counteract the projected DOC increase and bring the highest benefits in terms of safe drinking water provision.},
}
@article {pmid34524106,
year = {2021},
author = {Bhawra, J and Skinner, K and Favel, D and Green, B and Coates, K and Katapally, TR},
title = {The Food Equity and Environmental Data Sovereignty (FEEDS) Project: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study Evaluating a Digital Platform for Climate Change Preparedness.},
journal = {JMIR research protocols},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {e31389},
pmid = {34524106},
issn = {1929-0748},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite having the tools at our disposal to enable an adequate food supply for all people, inequities in food acquisition, distribution, and most importantly, food sovereignty, worsen food insecurity. The detrimental impact of climate change on food systems and mental health is further exacerbated by a lack of food sovereignty. We urgently require innovative solutions to enable food sovereignty, minimize food insecurity, and address climate change-related mental distress (ie, solastalgia). Indigenous communities have a wealth of Traditional Knowledge for climate change adaptation and preparedness to strengthen food systems. Traditional Knowledge combined with Western methods can revolutionize ethical data collection, engagement, and knowledge mobilization.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The Food Equity and Environmental Data Sovereignty (FEEDS) Project takes a participatory action, citizen science approach for early detection and warning of climate change impacts on food sovereignty, food security, and solastalgia. The aim of this project is to develop and implement a sustainable digital platform that enables real-time decision-making to mitigate climate change-related impacts on food systems and mental well-being.<br><br>METHODS: Citizen science enables citizens to actively contribute to all aspects of the research process. The FEEDS Project is being implemented in five phases: participatory project planning, digital climate change platform customization, community-led evaluation, digital platform and project refinement, and integrated knowledge translation. The project is governed by a Citizen Scientist Advisory Council comprising Elders, Traditional Knowledge Keepers, key community decision makers, youth, and FEEDS Project researchers. The Council governs all phases of the project, including coconceptualizing a climate change platform, which consists of a smartphone app and a digital decision-making dashboard. Apart from capturing environmental and health-related big data (eg, weather, permafrost degradation, fire hazards, and human movement), the custom-built app uses artificial intelligence to engage and enable citizens to report on environmental hazards, changes in biodiversity or wildlife, and related food and mental health issues in their communities. The app provides citizens with valuable information to mitigate health-related risks and relays big data in real time to a digital dashboard.<br><br>RESULTS: This project is currently in phase 1, with the subarctic Métis jurisdiction of Île-à-la-Crosse, Saskatchewan, Canada.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The FEEDS Project facilitates Indigenous Peoples' self-determination, governance, and data sovereignty. All citizen data are anonymous and encrypted, and communities have ownership, access, control, and possession of their data. The digital dashboard system provides decision makers with real-time data, thereby increasing the capacity to self-govern. The participatory action research approach, combined with digital citizen science, advances the cocreation of knowledge and multidisciplinary collaboration in the digital age. Given the urgency of climate change, leveraging technology provides communities with tools to respond to existing and emerging crises in a timely manner, as well as scientific evidence regarding the urgency of current health and environmental issues.<br><br>PRR1-10.2196/31389.},
}
@article {pmid34523842,
year = {2021},
author = {Quarsie, J and van de Pas, R and Fanoy, E and van den Hazel, P},
title = {[The impact of climate change on health in the Netherlands: the latest insights].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {165},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34523842},
issn = {1876-8784},
mesh = {*Air Pollution ; Allergens ; Climate Change ; Humans ; *Hypersensitivity ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {This synthesis provides the latest insights into the impact of climate change in the Netherlands for which five separate health effects are particularly relevant. Climate change is associated with increased frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves. Major heat-related health risks include heat stroke, exacerbations of renal dysfunction due to dehydration and cardiovascular disease due to overheating. Climate change is associated with more hours of sunshine and more ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Heat and air pollution, both effects of climate change, lead to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Climate change is associated with an increase in water, food and vector-related infectious diseases due to, among other things, an increased temperature, increased water recreation and an altered water quality. Another effect is an increase in allergies and respiratory complaints via the prolongation and intensification of the pollen season. Our conclusion is that climate change in the Netherlands mainly entails negative health effects.},
}
@article {pmid34523189,
year = {2021},
author = {Nomaki, H and Rastelli, E and Ogawa, NO and Matsui, Y and Tsuchiya, M and Manea, E and Corinaldesi, C and Hirai, M and Ohkouchi, N and Danovaro, R and Nunoura, T and Amaro, T},
title = {In situ experimental evidences for responses of abyssal benthic biota to shifts in phytodetritus compositions linked to global climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {27},
number = {23},
pages = {6139-6155},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15882},
pmid = {34523189},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {24540504//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; JP16K00534//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; JP19K04048//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; 327488//Marie Curie Actions through the project CEFMED/ ; },
mesh = {Biota ; *Climate Change ; *Cyanobacteria ; Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; },
abstract = {Abyssal plains cover more than half of Earth's surface, and the main food source in these ecosystems is phytodetritus, mainly originating from primary producers in the euphotic zone of the ocean. Global climate change is influencing phytoplankton abundance, productivity, and distribution. Increasing importance of picoplankton over diatom as primary producers in surface oceans (especially projected for higher latitudes) is projected and hence altering the quantity of organic carbon supplied to the abyssal seafloor as phytodetritus, consequences of which remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the in situ responses of abyssal biota from viruses to megafauna to different types of phytoplankton input (diatoms or cyanobacteria which were labeled with stable isotopes) at equatorial (oligotrophic) and temperate (eutrophic) benthic sites in the Pacific Ocean (1°N at 4277 m water depth and 39°N at 5260 m water depth, respectively). Our results show that meiofauna and macrofauna generally preferred diatoms as a food source and played a relatively larger role in the consumption of phytodetritus at higher latitudes (39°N). Contrarily, prokaryotes and viruses showed similar or even stronger responses to cyanobacterial than to diatom supply. Moreover, the response of prokaryotes and viruses was very rapid (within 1-2 days) at both 1°N and 39°N, with quickest responses reported in the case of cyanobacterial supply at higher latitudes. Overall, our results suggest that benthic deep-sea eukaryotes will be negatively affected by the predicted decrease in diatoms in surface oceans, especially at higher latitudes, where benthic prokaryotes and viruses will otherwise likely increase their quantitative role and organic carbon cycling rates. In turn, such changes can contribute to decrease carbon transfer from phytodetritus to higher trophic levels, with strong potential to affect oceanic food webs, their biodiversity and consequently carbon sequestration capacity at the global scale.},
}
@article {pmid34522363,
year = {2021},
author = {Changjun, G and Yanli, T and Linshan, L and Bo, W and Yili, Z and Haibin, Y and Xilong, W and Zhuoga, Y and Binghua, Z and Bohao, C},
title = {Predicting the potential global distribution of Ageratina adenophora under current and future climate change scenarios.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {17},
pages = {12092-12113},
pmid = {34522363},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Aim: Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten ecosystems and humans worldwide, and future climate change may accelerate the expansion of IAS. Predicting the suitable areas of IAS can prevent their further expansion. Ageratina adenophora is an invasive weed over 30 countries in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the potential suitable areas of A. adenophora remain unclear along with its response to climate change. This study explored and mapped the current and future potential suitable areas of Ageratina adenophora.<br><br>Location: Global.<br><br>Taxa: Asteraceae A. adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King &amp; H.Rob. Commonly known as Crofton weed.<br><br>Methods: Based on A. adenophora occurrence data and climate data, we predicted its suitable areas of this weed under current and future (four RCPs in 2050 and 2070) by MaxEnt model. We used ArcGIS 10.4 to explore the potential suitable area distribution characteristics of this weed and the "ecospat" package in R to analyze its altitudinal distribution changes.<br><br>Results: The area under the curve (AUC) value (>0.9) and true skill statistics (TSS) value (>0.8) indicated excelled model performance. Among environment factors, mean temperature of coldest quarter contributed most to the model. Globally, the suitable areas for A. adenophora invasion decreased under climate change scenarios, although regional increases were observed, including in six biodiversity hotspot regions. The potential suitable areas of A. adenophora under climate change would expand in regions with higher elevation (3,000-3,500 m).<br><br>Main conclusions: Mean temperature of coldest quarter was the most important variable influencing the potential suitable area of A. Adenophora. Under the background of a warming climate, the potential suitable area of A. adenophora will shrink globally but increase in six biodiversity hotspot regions. The potential suitable area of A. adenophora would expand at higher elevation (3,000-3,500 m) under climate change. Mountain ecosystems are of special concern as they are rich in biodiversity and sensitive to climate change, and increasing human activities provide more opportunities for IAS invasion.},
}
@article {pmid34519355,
year = {2021},
author = {Arietta, AZA and Skelly, DK},
title = {Rapid microgeographic evolution in response to climate change.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {75},
number = {11},
pages = {2930-2943},
doi = {10.1111/evo.14350},
pmid = {34519355},
issn = {1558-5646},
abstract = {Environmental change is predicted to accelerate into the future and will exert strong selection pressure on biota. Although many species may be fated to extinction, others may survive through their capacity to evolve rapidly at highly localized (i.e., microgeographic) scales. Yet, even as new examples have been discovered, the limits to such evolutionary responses have not often been evaluated. One of the first examples of microgeographic variation involved pond populations of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Although separated by just tens to hundreds of meters, these populations exhibited countergradient variation in intrinsic embryonic development rates when reared in a common garden. We repeated this experiment 17 years (approximately six to nine generations) later and found that microgeographic variation persists in contemporary populations. Furthermore, we found that contemporary embryos have evolved to develop 14-19% faster than those in 2001. Structural equation models indicate that the predominant cause for this response is likely due to changes in climate over the intervening 17 years. Despite potential for rapid and fine-scale evolution, demographic declines in populations experiencing the greatest changes in climate and habitat imply a limit to the species' ability to mitigate extreme environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid34519006,
year = {2021},
author = {Jin, K and Wang, F and Zong, Q and Qin, P and Liu, C and Wang, S},
title = {Spatiotemporal differences in climate change impacts on vegetation cover in China from 1982 to 2015.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34519006},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {665/1120041//Foundation of High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University/ ; 663/1120104//Foundation of High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University/ ; },
abstract = {The impacts of climate change on vegetation cover in different regions in China are not entirely clear because of the interference of non-climatic factors, such as human activity. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal differences in climate impacts qualitatively and quantitatively by applying trend, correlation, and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses to the data of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and two climatic factors (air temperature and precipitation) during 1982-2015 in China. The MLR equation linking two climatic variables with NDVI was used to identify the NDVI trend caused by climate change. We demonstrated that the central and eastern regions of China, dominated by deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forests, experienced a rapid increase in NDVI from 1982 to 2015. The response of NDVI to variations in temperature and precipitation exhibited large spatiotemporal differences across China, which was closely related to climatic conditions and vegetation types. Overall, warming, particularly the sharp rise in spring, was the main climatic driving force behind China's NDVI increase, and precipitation also influenced the NDVI increase in temperate grassland and desert regions due to the relatively arid climate, particularly in summer. The contributions of climate change to the total NDVI trend (CC) showed a large spatiotemporal heterogeneity across China. Overall, only 45% of the pixels (with a resolution of 8 km) in the study area showed that the MLR equations between NDVI and two climatic factors were significant at the 0.05 significance level during the growing season (April-October), and the average CC of these pixels was 38%. Among the eight vegetation sub-regions of China, the temperate desert and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadow regions generally exhibited relatively larger CCs than other vegetation sub-regions in different seasons. At a national scale, the regional average CC reached 64% during the growing season. These results at multiple scales can help to deeply understand the mechanisms of regional environmental variation and sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid34519004,
year = {2021},
author = {Ji, S and Ren, S and Li, Y and Fang, J and Zhao, D and Liu, J},
title = {The response of net primary productivity to climate change and its impact on hydrology in a water-limited agricultural basin.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34519004},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {32071523//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2017MC013//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change has remarkably altered growing-season vegetation growth, but the impacts of vegetation variability on the regional hydrological cycle remain poorly understood. Exploring the relationships between climate change, vegetation dynamics, and hydrologic factors would contribute to the sustainable management of ecosystems. Here, we investigated the response of vegetation dynamics to climate change and its impact on hydrologic factors in a traditional agricultural basin with limited water resources in China, Nansi Lake Basin (NLB). To this end, CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model and the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model were applied to simulate the net primary productivity (NPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil water in the growing season (April-October) from 2000 to 2016. Results showed that the mean growing-season NPP (NPPGS) exhibited an ascending trend at a rate of 2.93 g C/m2/year during the 17-year period. The intra-annual variation of NPPGS displayed two peaks in May and July, respectively. The first peak in May was accompanied by relative deficits in soil water, which might inhibit vegetation productivity. Precipitation was the principal climatic factor controlling NPPGS dynamics in the water-limited NLB. The positive influence of temperature on NPPGS was relatively weak, and even future warming could negatively affect ecosystem productivity in the south-central regions of the NLB. Furthermore, a strongly positive relationship between NPPGS and ET was detected, suggesting that increasing NPP in the future might stimulate the rise in ET and then exacerbate drought at the watershed scale. This study provides an integrated model for a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between vegetation, climate, and hydrological cycle, and highlights the importance of water-saving agriculture for future food security.},
}
@article {pmid34518797,
year = {2021},
author = {Ebi, KL and Bowen, KJ and Calkins, J and Chen, M and Huq, S and Nalau, J and Palutikof, JP and Rosenzweig, C},
title = {Interactions between two existential threats: COVID-19 and climate change.},
journal = {Climate risk management},
volume = {34},
number = {},
pages = {100363},
pmid = {34518797},
issn = {2212-0963},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are complex existential threats, unpredictable in many ways and unprecedented in modern times. There are parallels between the scale and scope of their impacts and responses. Understanding shared drivers, coupled vulnerabilities, and criteria for effective responses will help societies worldwide prepare for the simultaneous threats of climate change and future pandemics. We summarize some shared characteristics of COVID-19 and climate change impacts and interventions and discuss key policy implications and recommendations.},
}
@article {pmid34518621,
year = {2021},
author = {Chowdhury, MAW and Müller, J and Varela, S},
title = {Climate change and the increase of human population will threaten conservation of Asian cobras.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {18113},
pmid = {34518621},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Asian cobras (genus Naja) are venomous snakes distributed from the Middle East to Southeast Asia. Because cobras often live near humans settlements, they are responsible for a large part of snakebite incidents and as such pose a challenge for public health systems. In the light of growing human populations, correctly mapping the present and future ranges of Asian cobras is therefore important for both biological conservation and public health management. Here, we mapped the potential climatic niches of ten Asian cobra species for both the present and the future, with the aim to quantify changes in climate and human population densities relative to their current and future ranges. Our analyses reveal that cobras that are adapted to dry climates and inhabit islands have narrow climatic niches, while those of mainland species with larger geographic ranges are much wider. We also found a higher degree of fragmentation of future cobra distributions; within the next 50 years, Asian cobras will lose an average of around 60% of their current suitable climatic range. In the near future, Naja mandalayensis, N. sputatrix, N. samarensis, and N. philippinensis are likely to have no accessible suitable climate space left. Besides, a further increase of human populations in this region may also exponentially accelerate the effects of anthropogenic impacts. Solutions for conservation may involve awareness and appropriate use of law to overcome the rate of habitat degradation and the increase of animal trade of Asian cobras, while promoting investment on health systems to avoid snakebite fatalities.},
}
@article {pmid34518595,
year = {2021},
author = {Martinez, S and Bellworthy, J and Ferrier-Pagès, C and Mass, T},
title = {Selection of mesophotic habitats by Oculina patagonica in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea following global warming.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {18134},
pmid = {34518595},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Globally, species are migrating in an attempt to track optimal isotherms as climate change increasingly warms existing habitats. Stony corals are severely threatened by anthropogenic warming, which has resulted in repeated mass bleaching and mortality events. Since corals are sessile as adults and with a relatively old age of sexual maturity, they are slow to latitudinally migrate, but corals may also migrate vertically to deeper, cooler reefs. Herein we describe vertical migration of the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica from less than 10 m depth to > 30 m. We suggest that this range shift is a response to rapidly warming sea surface temperatures on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline. In contrast to the vast latitudinal distance required to track temperature change, this species has migrated deeper where summer water temperatures are up to 2 °C cooler. Comparisons of physiology, morphology, trophic position, symbiont type, and photochemistry between deep and shallow conspecifics revealed only a few depth-specific differences. At this study site, shallow colonies typically inhabit low light environments (caves, crevices) and have a facultative relationship with photosymbionts. We suggest that this existing phenotype aided colonization of the mesophotic zone. This observation highlights the potential for other marine species to vertically migrate.},
}
@article {pmid34517321,
year = {2022},
author = {Fotso-Nguemo, TC and Vondou, DA and Diallo, I and Diedhiou, A and Weber, T and Tanessong, RS and Nghonda, JP and Yepdo, ZD},
title = {Potential impact of 1.5, 2 and 3 °C global warming levels on heat and discomfort indices changes over Central Africa.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {804},
number = {},
pages = {150099},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150099},
pmid = {34517321},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Africa, Central ; Climate Change ; Cold Temperature ; *Global Warming ; *Heat Stress Disorders/epidemiology/etiology ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Investigating the effects of the increased global warming through the lens of the Paris agreements would be of particular importance for Central African countries, which are already experiencing multiple socio-political and socio-economic constraints, but are also subject to severe natural hazards that interact to limit their adaptive capacity and thus increase their vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change. This study explores changes in heat stress and the proportion of population at risk of discomfort over Central Africa, based on an ensemble-mean of high-resolution regional climate model simulations that cover a 30-year period, under 1.5, 2 and 3 °C Global Warming Levels (GWLs). The heat index was computed according to Rothfusz's equation, while the discomfort index was obtained from Thom's formula. The results show that throughout the year but with a predominance from March to August, the spatial extent of both heat and discomfort categories is projected to gradually increase according to the considered GWLs (nearly threefold for an increasing warming thresholds from 1.5 to 3 °C). As these heat conditions become more frequent, they lead to the emergence of days with potentially dangerous heat-related risks, where almost everyone feels discomfort due to heat stress. It thus appears that the majority of populations living in countries located along the Atlantic coast and in the northern and central part of the study area are likely to be more vulnerable to certain health problems, which could have repercussions on the socio-economic development of the sub-region through decreased workers' productivity and increased cooling degree days. Overall, these heat-related risks are more extended and more frequent when the GWL reaches 2 °C and above.},
}
@article {pmid34516851,
year = {2021},
author = {Jackson, ST},
title = {Transformational ecology and climate change.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {373},
number = {6559},
pages = {1085-1086},
doi = {10.1126/science.abj6777},
pmid = {34516851},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}
@article {pmid34512597,
year = {2021},
author = {Kumar, V and Sarma, VV and Thambugala, KM and Huang, JJ and Li, XY and Hao, GF},
title = {Ecology and Evolution of Marine Fungi With Their Adaptation to Climate Change.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {719000},
pmid = {34512597},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Climate change agitates interactions between organisms and the environment and forces them to adapt, migrate, get replaced by others, or extinct. Marine environments are extremely sensitive to climate change that influences their ecological functions and microbial community including fungi. Fungi from marine habitats are engaged and adapted to perform diverse ecological functions in marine environments. Several studies focus on how complex interactions with the surrounding environment affect fungal evolution and their adaptation. However, a review addressing the adaptation of marine fungi to climate change is still lacking. Here we have discussed the adaptations of fungi in the marine environment with an example of Hortaea werneckii and Aspergillus terreus which may help to reduce the risk of climate change impacts on marine environments and organisms. We address the ecology and evolution of marine fungi and the effects of climate change on them to explain the adaptation mechanism. A review of marine fungal adaptations will show widespread effects on evolutionary biology and the mechanism responsible for it.},
}
@article {pmid34512582,
year = {2021},
author = {Knapp, D and Fernández Castro, B and Marty, D and Loher, E and Köster, O and Wüest, A and Posch, T},
title = {The Red Harmful Plague in Times of Climate Change: Blooms of the Cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens Triggered by Stratification Dynamics and Irradiance.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {705914},
pmid = {34512582},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Planktothrix rubescens is a harmful planktonic cyanobacterium, forming concentrated metalimnetic populations in deep oligo- and mesotrophic lakes, even after successful restoration. In Lake Zurich (Switzerland), P. rubescens emerged as a keystone species with annual mass developments since the 1970s. Its success was partly attributed to effects of lake warming, such as changes in thermal stratification and seasonal deep mixing. However, recent observations based on a biweekly monitoring campaign (2009-2020) revealed two massive breakdowns and striking seasonal oscillations of the population. Here, we disentangle positive from negative consequences of secular lake warming and annual variations in weather conditions on P. rubescens dynamics: (i) despite the high survival rates of overwintering populations (up to 25%) during three consecutive winters (2014-2016) of incomplete deep convective mixing, cyanobacterial regrowth during the following stratified season was moderate and not overshooting a distinct standing stock threshold. Moreover, we recorded a negative trend for annual population maxima and total population size, pointing to a potential nutrient limitation after a series of incomplete winter mixing. Thus, the predication of steadily increasing blooms of P. rubescens could not be confirmed for the last decade. (ii) The seasonal reestablishment of P. rubescens was strongly coupled with a timely formation of a stable metalimnion structure, where the first positive net growth in the following productive summer season was observed. The trigger for the vertical positioning of filaments within the metalimnion was irradiance and not maximal water column stability. Repetitive disruptions of the vernal metalimnion owing to unstable weather conditions, as in spring 2019, went in parallel with a massive breakdown of the standing stock and marginal regrowth during thermal stratification. (iii) Driven by light intensity, P. rubescens was entrained into the turbulent epilimnion in autumn, followed by a second peak in population growth. Thus, the typical bimodal growth pattern was still intact during the last decade. Our long-term study highlights the finely tuned interplay between climate-induced changes and variability of thermal stratification dynamics and physiological traits of P. rubescens, determining its survival in a mesotrophic temperate lake.},
}
@article {pmid34512442,
year = {2021},
author = {Shah, M and Seraj, S and Pennebaker, JW},
title = {Climate Denial Fuels Climate Change Discussions More Than Local Climate-Related Disasters.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {682057},
pmid = {34512442},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {Most scientists agree that climate change is the largest existential threat of our time. Despite the magnitude of the threat, surprisingly few climate-related discussions take place on social media. What factors drive online discussions about climate change? In this study, we examined the occurrence of Reddit discussions around three types of climate-related events: natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, wildfires), political events (i.e., 2016 United States Presidential election), and policy events (i.e., United States' withdrawal from Paris Climate Agreement, release of IPCC report). The objective was to understand how different types of events influence collective action as measured by discussions of climate change. Six large US cities were selected based on the occurrence of at least one locally-relevant natural disaster since 2014. Posts (N = 4.4 million) from subreddits of the selected cities were collected to obtain a six-month period before and after local natural disasters as well as climate-related political and policy events (which applied equally to all cities). Climate change discussions increased significantly for all three types of events, with the highest discussion during the 2016 elections. Further, discussions returned to baseline levels within 2 months following natural disasters and policy events but continued at elevated rates for up to 4 months following the 2016 elections. The findings suggest that collective discussions on climate change are driven more by political leaders' controversial positions than life-threatening local natural disasters themselves. Implications for collective action are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid34509385,
year = {2021},
author = {Jacobs, JW},
title = {The impact of climate change and emerging infectious diseases on the blood supply.},
journal = {Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103272},
pmid = {34509385},
issn = {1473-0502},
}
@article {pmid34507988,
year = {2021},
author = {Nisa, CF and Bélanger, JJ and Schumpe, BM and Sasin, EM},
title = {Secure human attachment can promote support for climate change mitigation.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {118},
number = {37},
pages = {},
pmid = {34507988},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {Attachment theory is an ethological approach to the development of durable, affective ties between humans. We propose that secure attachment is crucial for understanding climate change mitigation, because the latter is inherently a communal phenomenon resulting from joint action and requiring collective behavioral change. Here, we show that priming attachment security increases acceptance (Study 1: n = 173) and perceived responsibility toward anthropogenic climate change (Study 2: n = 209) via increased empathy for others. Next, we demonstrate that priming attachment security, compared to a standard National Geographic video about climate change, increases monetary donations to a proenvironmental group in politically moderate and conservative individuals (Study 3: n = 196). Finally, through a preregistered field study conducted in the United Arab Emirates (Study 4: n = 143,558 food transactions), we show that, compared to a message related to carbon emissions, an attachment security-based message is associated with a reduction in food waste. Taken together, our work suggests that an avenue to promote climate change mitigation could be grounded in core ethological mechanisms associated with secure attachment.},
}
@article {pmid34506636,
year = {2022},
author = {Hajek, OL and Knapp, AK},
title = {Shifting seasonal patterns of water availability: ecosystem responses to an unappreciated dimension of climate change.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {233},
number = {1},
pages = {119-125},
doi = {10.1111/nph.17728},
pmid = {34506636},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {2018-67019-27849//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; DEB-1440484//National Science Foundation/ ; EF-1137378//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Seasonal patterns of water availability can differ dramatically among ecosystems, with well-known consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning. Less appreciated is that climate change can shift the seasonality of water availability (e.g. to wetter springs, drier summers), resulting in both subtle and profound ecological impacts. Here we (1) review evidence that the seasonal availability of water is being altered in ecosystems worldwide, (2) explore several mechanisms potentially driving these changes, and (3) highlight the breadth of ecological consequences resulting from shifts in the seasonality of water availability. We conclude that seasonal patterns of water availability are changing globally, but in regionally specific ways requiring more rigorous and nuanced assessments of ecosystem vulnerability as well as the ecological consequences.},
}
@article {pmid34506547,
year = {2021},
author = {Kural, E and Dellmuth, LM and Gustafsson, MT},
title = {International organizations and climate change adaptation: A new dataset for the social scientific study of adaptation, 1990-2017.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0257101},
pmid = {34506547},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Adaptation, Physiological ; *Climate Change ; Databases as Topic ; *Internationality ; *Social Sciences ; },
abstract = {This article introduces a new dataset on the climate change adaptation activities of international organizations (IOs). While climate change adaptation has been studied at the local level and in the context of major climate organizations, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, we provide a first quantitative dataset on non-environmental IOs that can be linked to different social scientific datasets relevant for adaptation. Our new dataset contains information on the governance activities of 30 IOs from 1990 to 2017. Based on this dataset, we introduce different types of adaptation-related activities and develop a quantitative measure of IOs' climate adaptation engagement. We map the adaptation engagement of the 30 IOs across organizations, across issue areas, and over time. This dataset can be used to compare adaptation activities across and within IOs, but also as an empirical foundation for the emerging research field of global adaptation governance, for which IO climate change adaptation activities are relevant.},
}
@article {pmid34505690,
year = {2021},
author = {Jarvis, S},
title = {Changing course on climate change.},
journal = {The Veterinary record},
volume = {189},
number = {5},
pages = {171},
doi = {10.1002/vetr.878},
pmid = {34505690},
issn = {2042-7670},
}
@article {pmid34505010,
year = {2021},
author = {Gøtske, EK and Victoria, M},
title = {Future operation of hydropower in Europe under high renewable penetration and climate change.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {24},
number = {9},
pages = {102999},
pmid = {34505010},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {As large renewable capacities penetrate the European energy system and the climate faces significant alterations, the future operation of hydropower reservoirs might deviate from today. In this work, we first analyze the changes in hydropower operation required to balance a wind- and solar-dominated European energy system. Second, we apply runoff data obtained from combining five different global circulation models and two regional climate models to estimate future reservoir inflow at three CO2 emissions scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). This enables us to address the climate model uncertainty reported in previous literature. Despite large interannual and intermodel variability, significant changes are measured in the climate model signal between today and future climate. Annual inflow decreases by 31% (20%) in Southern countries and increases by 21% (14%) in Northern countries for high (mid)-emission scenarios. Projections also show impacts on seasonal profiles and more frequent and prolonged droughts in Mediterranean countries.},
}
@article {pmid34504988,
year = {2021},
author = {Desai, Z and Zhang, Y},
title = {Climate Change and Women's Health: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {GeoHealth},
volume = {5},
number = {9},
pages = {e2021GH000386},
pmid = {34504988},
issn = {2471-1403},
abstract = {Climate change is a significant global health threat that is, underpinned by the existing issue of gender inequality. A scoping review was conducted to better understand the relationship between climate change and women's health. We found a notably higher proportion of existing studies focused on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most of the studies included were published after 2010, with predominantly qualitative study designs. Four key themes were identified, including women's exposure to climate change risks, the impacts on women's health, factors contributing to the vulnerability, and responding strategies in addressing climate change. The scoping review indicates that women's health is at higher risks due to the vulnerability to climate change, especially in LMICs. Meanwhile, it is beneficial to have insights from women in terms of adaptation and mitigation strategies to build stronger resilience. Mixed methods are strongly recommended to support evidence-based policy making in responding to climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34504711,
year = {2020},
author = {Pallarés, S and Sanchez-Hernandez, JC and Colado, R and Balart-García, P and Comas, J and Sánchez-Fernández, D},
title = {Beyond survival experiments: using biomarkers of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity to assess vulnerability of subterranean fauna to climate change.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {coaa067},
pmid = {34504711},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {Accurate assessments of species vulnerability to climate change need to consider the physiological capacity of organisms to deal with temperature changes and identify early signs of thermally induced stress. Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity are useful proxies of stress at the cellular and nervous system level. Such responses are especially relevant for poor dispersal organisms with limited capacity for behavioural thermoregulation, like deep subterranean species. We combined experimental measurements of upper lethal thermal limits, acclimation capacity and biomarkers of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity to assess the impact of heat stress (20°C) at different exposure times (2 and 7 days) on the Iberian endemic subterranean beetle Parvospeonomus canyellesi. Survival response (7 days of exposure) was similar to that reported for other subterranean specialist beetles (high survival up to 20°C but no above 23°C). However, a low physiological plasticity (i.e. incapacity to increase heat tolerance via acclimation) and signs of impairment at the cellular and nervous system level were observed after 7 days of exposure at 20°C. Such sublethal effects were identified by significant differences in total antioxidant capacity, glutathione S-transferase activity, the ratio of reduced to oxidized forms of glutathione and acetylcholinesterase activity between the control (cave temperature) and 20°C treatment. At 2 days of exposure, most biomarker values indicated some degree of oxidative stress in both the control and high-temperature treatment, likely reflecting an initial altered physiological status associated to factors other than temperature. Considering these integrated responses and the predicted increase in temperature in its unique locality, P. canyellesi would have a narrower thermal safety margin to face climate change than that obtained considering only survival experiments. Our results highlight the importance of exploring thermally sensitive processes at different levels of biological organization to obtain more accurate estimates of the species capacity to face climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34501946,
year = {2021},
author = {Maran, DA and Begotti, T},
title = {Media Exposure to Climate Change, Anxiety, and Efficacy Beliefs in a Sample of Italian University Students.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {34501946},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Anxiety/epidemiology ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; Italy ; Students ; *Universities ; },
abstract = {The climate crisis poses a serious threat to the health and well-being of individuals. For many, climate change knowledge is derived from indirect exposure to information transmitted through the media. Such content can elicit a variety of emotional responses, including anger, sadness, despair, fear, and guilt. Worry and anxiety are especially common responses, usually referred to as "climate anxiety". The main objectives of this study were to analyze how exposure to climate change through the media relates to climate anxiety and individual and collective self-efficacy, and to evaluate the relationship between climate anxiety and efficacy beliefs. A total of 312 Italian university students (aged 18-26 years) participated in the research by filling out an anonymous questionnaire. Participants reported being exposed several times per week to information about climate change, especially from social media, newspapers, and television programs. Moreover, the results showed that the attention paid to information about climate change was not only positively related to climate anxiety, but also to individual and collective self-efficacy. Most notably, participants' efficacy beliefs were found to be positively related to climate anxiety. This somewhat controversial finding stresses that, in the context of pro-environmental behavior changes, a moderate level of anxiety could engender feelings of virtue, encouraging people to rethink actions with negative ecological impacts.},
}
@article {pmid34501794,
year = {2021},
author = {Latkin, CA and Dayton, L and Lee, DI and Yi, G and Uzzi, M},
title = {Correlates of Levels of Willingness to Engage in Climate Change Actions in the United States.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {34501794},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {R01 DA040488/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Attitude ; *Climate Change ; Organizations ; *Politics ; United States ; },
abstract = {While the majority of the American public believe climate change is occurring and are worried, few are engaged in climate change action. In this study, we assessed factors associated with the level of willingness to engage in climate change actions using an online, longitudinal US study of adults. Climate change action outcomes included the level of willingness to post materials online, take political actions, talk with peers about climate change, and donate to or help an organization. Predictors included climate change attitudes, environmental attitudes, political ideology, political party affiliation, and demographic variables. Most (72%) of the 644 respondents only talked about climate change with peers a few times a year or less, though 65% were very or extremely worried about climate change. Many respondents indicated a willingness to do somewhat or a lot more, from 38% willing to talk to peers to 25% for willing to take political actions. In multinomial regression models, the Climate Change Concern scale was strongly and consistently associated with willingness to engage in climate change action. These findings indicate a need to both identify those who are willing to act and finding activities that fit with their interests and availability.},
}
@article {pmid34501538,
year = {2021},
author = {Gao, W and Guo, Y and Jiang, F},
title = {Playing for a Resilient Future: A Serious Game Designed to Explore and Understand the Complexity of the Interaction among Climate Change, Disaster Risk, and Urban Development.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {34501538},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Cities ; *Climate Change ; *Disasters ; Humans ; Urban Renewal ; Urbanization ; },
abstract = {Urban development and disaster risk are deeply linked, especially now when we are facing increasingly frequent climate change. Hence, knowledge of the potential trade-offs between urban development and disaster risk reduction (DRR) may have potential to build a resilient and sustainable future. The objectives of this study are (1) to present education for a sustainability (EfS) program and to evaluate its performance: a serious game of knowledge communication for the interactions among climate change, disaster risk, and urban development; (2) to explore factors that will influence the players' decision making in the trade-offs between urban development and DRR under an urbanization background through counterfactual scenarios constructed by a series of serious games. The Yudai Trench, once a critical component of the urban green infrastructure of ancient Guangzhou, has disappeared under rapid urban expansion, leaving the city exposed to environmental hazards caused by climate change. Is the disappearance of the Yudai Trench an inevitable event in the progress of urbanization? To answer this question, the study constructed counterfactual scenarios by recuring the historical progress through the same serious game. Gameplay involved the players' decision making with associated impacts on the urbanization progress and the DRR in diverse climate hazard scenarios. For this study, 107 undergraduates from related majors, who are also would-be policymakers, were selected as players. The methodology combined questionnaire survey and participant observation complemented by interviews. The t-test results indicated that undergraduates' knowledge levels had significant positive changes after the end of the serious game. Importantly, the results showed that the knowledge could potentially contribute to the players' decision-making process for DRR by assisting them in making pre-decision. Beside this knowledge, the results expanded the range of influencing factors and solutions reported by previous literature on DRR under an urbanization background against climate hazards by constructing counterfactual scenarios, e.g., higher economic levels and policy incentives. In this study, the serious game was evaluated as an innovative communication and the EfS method in counterfactual scenarios. These findings of the study provide a reference for future practice, policymaking, and decision making so as to help harness lessons learned from unrealized environmental hazards to support a more resilient future through informed policies and plans.},
}
@article {pmid34500275,
year = {2022},
author = {Han, J and Zhang, A and Kang, Y and Han, J and Yang, B and Hussain, Q and Wang, X and Zhang, M and Khan, MA},
title = {Biochar promotes soil organic carbon sequestration and reduces net global warming potential in apple orchard: A two-year study in the Loess Plateau of China.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {803},
number = {},
pages = {150035},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150035},
pmid = {34500275},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Agriculture ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Sequestration ; Charcoal ; China ; Global Warming ; *Malus ; Methane/analysis ; Nitrous Oxide/analysis ; *Soil ; },
abstract = {The Loess Plateau is China's primary apple-growing area, and the orchard is a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions due to high nitrogen fertilizer input. Thus, a two-year field study was carried out to investigate the effects of apple wood derived biochar on GHGs emissions during apple orchard production, including soil organic carbon sequestration (SOCSR) and net global warming potential (NGWP) assessments. There are four treatments in this study: 20 t ha-1 biochar in a non-fertilized plot (B); no biochar in a fertilized plot (F); 20 t ha-1 biochar in a fertilized plot (FB); no biochar in a non-fertilized plot (CK). Results showed that the combined application of biochar and fertilizer stimulated CO2 emissions by 9.25% and 8.39% than either biochar or fertilizer alone. Meanwhile, biochar in fertilized plot increased annual N2O emissions by 32.6% as compared to fertilized plot without biochar amendment. Compared with CK, biochar had no significant effect on GHG emissions in unfertilized plot. The N2O emission factor of FB and F were 0.91% and 0.45% respectively in 2017-2018 and they were both 0.34% in 2018-2019. Moreover, compared with CK, the FB and B treatments increased the SOCSR by 316.52% and 354.78%, while, decreased the NGWP by 368.93% and 480.91%, respectively. Thus, biochar application may help reduce the impact of apple production on climate change by sequestering more soil organic carbon and decreasing the NGWP.},
}
@article {pmid34499852,
year = {2021},
author = {McLean, M and Mouillot, D and Maureaud, AA and Hattab, T and MacNeil, MA and Goberville, E and Lindegren, M and Engelhard, G and Pinsky, M and Auber, A},
title = {Disentangling tropicalization and deborealization in marine ecosystems under climate change.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {31},
number = {21},
pages = {4817-4823.e5},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.034},
pmid = {34499852},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {As climate change accelerates, species are shifting poleward and subtropical and tropical species are colonizing temperate environments.1-3 A popular approach for characterizing such responses is the community temperature index (CTI), which tracks the mean thermal affinity of a community. Studies in marine,4 freshwater,5 and terrestrial6 ecosystems have documented increasing CTI under global warming. However, most studies have only linked increasing CTI to increases in warm-affinity species. Here, using long-term monitoring of marine fishes across the Northern Hemisphere, we decomposed CTI changes into four underlying processes-tropicalization (increasing warm-affinity), deborealization (decreasing cold-affinity), borealization (increasing cold-affinity), and detropicalization (decreasing warm-affinity)-for which we examined spatial variability and drivers. CTI closely tracked changes in sea surface temperature, increasing in 72% of locations. However, 31% of these increases were primarily due to decreases in cold-affinity species, i.e., deborealization. Thus, increases in warm-affinity species were prevalent, but not ubiquitous. Tropicalization was stronger in areas that were initially warmer, experienced greater warming, or were deeper, while deborealization was stronger in areas that were closer to human population centers or that had higher community thermal diversity. When CTI (and temperature) increased, species that decreased were more likely to be living closer to their upper thermal limits or to be commercially fished. Additionally, warm-affinity species that increased had smaller body sizes than those that decreased. Our results show that CTI changes arise from a variety of underlying community responses that are linked to environmental conditions, human impacts, community structure, and species characteristics.},
}
@article {pmid34499795,
year = {2021},
author = {Zgouridou, A and Tripidaki, E and Giantsis, IA and Theodorou, JA and Kalaitzidou, M and Raitsos, DE and Lattos, A and Mavropoulou, AM and Sofianos, S and Karagiannis, D and Chaligiannis, I and Anestis, A and Papadakis, N and Feidantsis, K and Mintza, D and Staikou, A and Michaelidis, B},
title = {The current situation and potential effects of climate change on the microbial load of marine bivalves of the Greek coastlines: an integrative review.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.15765},
pmid = {34499795},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {//European Maritime and Fisheries Fund/ ; 5052394//Operational Program for Fisheries and Maritime 2014-2020/ ; },
abstract = {Global warming affects the aquatic ecosystems, accelerating pathogenic microorganisms' and toxic microalgae's growth and spread in marine habitats, and in bivalve molluscs. New parasite invasions are directly linked to oceanic warming. Consumption of pathogen-infected molluscs impacts human health at different rates, depending, inter alia, on the bacteria taxa. It is therefore necessary to monitor microbiological and chemical contamination of food. Many global cases of poisoning from bivalve consumption can be traced back to Mediterranean regions. This article aims to examine the marine bivalve's infestation rate within the scope of climate change, as well as to evaluate the risk posed by climate change to bivalve welfare and public health. Biological and climatic data literature review was performed from international scientific sources, Greek authorities and State organizations. Focusing on Greek aquaculture and bivalve fisheries, high-risk index pathogenic parasites and microalgae were observed during summer months, particularly in Thermaikos Gulf. Considering the climate models that predict further temperature increases, it seems that marine organisms will be subjected in the long term to higher temperatures. Due to the positive linkage between temperature and microbial load, the marine areas most affected by this phenomenon are characterized as 'high risk' for consumer health.},
}
@article {pmid34499683,
year = {2021},
author = {Zuza, EJ and Maseyk, K and Bhagwat, SA and de Sousa, K and Emmott, A and Rawes, W and Araya, YN},
title = {Climate suitability predictions for the cultivation of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) in Malawi using climate change scenarios.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0257007},
pmid = {34499683},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Climate ; *Climate Change ; *Crops, Agricultural ; Humans ; Macadamia/genetics/*growth &amp; development ; Malawi ; },
abstract = {Climate change is altering suitable areas of crop species worldwide, with cascading effects on people reliant upon those crop species as food sources and for income generation. Macadamia is one of Malawi's most important and profitable crop species; however, climate change threatens its production. Thus, this study's objective is to quantitatively examine the potential impacts of climate change on the climate suitability for macadamia in Malawi. We utilized an ensemble model approach to predict the current and future (2050s) suitability of macadamia under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). We achieved a good model fit in determining suitability classes for macadamia (AUC = 0.9). The climatic variables that strongly influence macadamia's climatic suitability in Malawi are suggested to be the precipitation of the driest month (29.1%) and isothermality (17.3%). Under current climatic conditions, 57% (53,925 km2) of Malawi is climatically suitable for macadamia. Future projections suggest that climate change will decrease the suitable areas for macadamia by 18% (17,015 km2) and 21.6% (20,414 km2) based on RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, with the distribution of suitability shifting northwards in the 2050s. The southern and central regions of the country will suffer the greatest losses (≥ 8%), while the northern region will be the least impacted (4%). We conclude that our study provides critical evidence that climate change will reduce the suitable areas for macadamia production in Malawi, depending on climate drivers. Therefore area-specific adaptation strategies are required to build resilience among producers.},
}
@article {pmid34498608,
year = {2021},
author = {Villamizar-Gomez, A and Wang, HH and Peterson, MR and Grant, WE and Forstner, MRJ},
title = {Environmental determinants of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and the likelihood of further dispersion in the face of climate change in Texas, USA.},
journal = {Diseases of aquatic organisms},
volume = {146},
number = {},
pages = {29-39},
doi = {10.3354/dao03613},
pmid = {34498608},
issn = {0177-5103},
mesh = {Amphibians ; Animals ; Batrachochytrium ; *Chytridiomycota ; Climate Change ; Texas/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {One of the major drivers of amphibian population declines is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We sought to identify the major environmental drivers of Bd prevalence in Texas, USA, by drawing results from museum specimens. We sampled one of the largest museum collections in Texas, the Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections at Texas A&amp;M University. Our sampling focused on the 9 amphibian species with the widest geographical distribution within the state, where we sub-sampled 30% of each species per decade from 1930 to present via skin swabs, totaling 1501 independent sampling events, and used quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect pathogen presence. We analyzed several geo-referenced variables describing climatic conditions to identify potential factors influencing the likelihood of presence of Bd using boosted regression trees. Our final model suggests the most influential variables are mean temperature of driest quarter, annual mean temperature, temperature annual range, and mean diurnal range. The most likely suitable range for Bd is currently found in the Blackland Prairie and Cross Timbers ecoregions. Results of our future (to the year 2040) projections suggest that Bd could expand its current distribution. Our model could play an important role when developing an integrated conservation plan through (1) focusing future field work on locations with a high likelihood of presence, (2) assisting in the choice of locations for restoration, and (3) developing future research plans including those necessary for projecting reactions to climate change. Our model also could integrate new presence data of Bd when they become available to enhance prediction precision.},
}
@article {pmid34496408,
year = {2021},
author = {Koch, CA and Sharda, P and Patel, J and Gubbi, S and Bansal, R and Bartel, MJ},
title = {Climate Change and Obesity.},
journal = {Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme},
volume = {53},
number = {9},
pages = {575-587},
pmid = {34496408},
issn = {1439-4286},
mesh = {Agriculture/economics/trends ; COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/pathology ; *Climate Change/history ; Comorbidity ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; Environment ; Environmental Exposure/history/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Greenhouse Gases/toxicity ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Obesity/epidemiology/*etiology/metabolism ; Pandemics ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Global warming and the rising prevalence of obesity are well described challenges of current mankind. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic arose as a new challenge. We here attempt to delineate their relationship with each other from our perspective. Global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have exponentially increased since 1950. The main contributors to such greenhouse gas emissions are manufacturing and construction, transport, residential, commercial, agriculture, and land use change and forestry, combined with an increasing global population growth from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.8 billion in 2020 along with rising obesity rates since the 1980s. The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused some decline in greenhouse gas emissions by limiting mobility globally via repetitive lockdowns. Following multiple lockdowns, there was further increase in obesity in wealthier populations, malnutrition from hunger in poor populations and death from severe infection with Covid-19 and its virus variants. There is a bidirectional relationship between adiposity and global warming. With rising atmospheric air temperatures, people typically will have less adaptive thermogenesis and become less physically active, while they are producing a higher carbon footprint. To reduce obesity rates, one should be willing to learn more about the environmental impact, how to minimize consumption of energy generating carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, and to reduce food waste. Diets lower in meat such as a Mediterranean diet, have been estimated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 72%, land use by 58%, and energy consumption by 52%.},
}
@article {pmid34495571,
year = {2021},
author = {Streib, LC and Stone, JR and Lyon, EC and Quang, HH and Yeager, KM and Zimmerman, SRH and McGlue, MM},
title = {Anthropogenic climate change has altered lake state in the Sierra Nevada (California, USA).},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {27},
number = {23},
pages = {6059-6070},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15843},
pmid = {34495571},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {California ; Climate Change ; *Diatoms ; Droughts ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Lakes ; },
abstract = {Climatic changes threaten freshwater resources and aquatic ecosystem health in the Sierra Nevada (California, USA), which has important consequences for millions of people and the world's fifth largest economy. However, the timing and magnitude of ecological changes driven by hydroclimate oscillations remain poorly understood in California's headwater region. Here, we develop a precisely dated, annually to decadally resolved lake sediment record of ecological change from the eastern Sierra Nevada that spans the last three millennia. Diatom paleoecology reveals a detailed history of abrupt limnologic transitions, best explained by modifications in water column stratification, mixing, and nutrient status in response to changing seasonality. Seasonally stratified conditions were registered during the Late Holocene Dry Period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly, illustrating the sensitivity of fossil diatoms to well-known periods of drought. Yet the most striking feature of the record is the uniqueness of ~1840-2016 CE: a period of singularly strong water column stratification, increased algal diversity, and reduced diatom productivity consistent with unprecedented "hot droughts." The data demonstrate that hot-dry conditions of the Industrial Era altered lake state to conditions unseen in the past ~3180 years, and suggest that regional trends identified by historical monitoring began far earlier than previously recognized. Our record illustrates the profound influence of anthropogenic climate warming on high-elevation lakes and the ecosystem services they provide in the Sierra Nevada, which hold implications for water quality and availability in California.},
}
@article {pmid34494246,
year = {2021},
author = {Emeryk, AW and Sosnowski, T and Kupczyk, M and Śliwiński, P and Zajdel-Całkowska, J and Zielonka, TM and Mastalerz-Migas, A},
title = {Impact of inhalers used in the treatment of respiratory diseases on global warming.},
journal = {Advances in respiratory medicine},
volume = {89},
number = {4},
pages = {427-438},
doi = {10.5603/ARM.a2021.0092},
pmid = {34494246},
issn = {2543-6031},
abstract = {The term "carbon footprint" describes the emission of greenhouse gases into the environment as a result of human activities. The healthcare sector is responsible for 5-8% of the value of global greenhouse gas emissions, of which medical aerosols account for only 0.03% of the total emissions. The reduction of greenhouse gases, including those used for the production and use of medicinal products and medical devices, is part of the responsibilities that Poland and the respective countries should undertake in order to implement the assumptions of international law. At the level of medical law, this obligation correlates with the need to exercise due diligence in the process of providing health services, including the selection of low-emission medical products and devices (inhalers) and providing patients with information on how to handle used products and devices, with particular emphasis on those that imply greenhouse gas emissions. Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) containing the hydrofluoroalkane 134a demonstrate the largest carbon footprint, followed by a metered dose liquid inhaler and dry powder inhalers (DPI). The carbon footprint of DPI with a given drug is 13-32 times lower than it is in the case of the corresponding pMDI. Replacement of pMDI by DPI is one of the effective methods to reduce the carbon footprint of inhalers, and the replacement should be based on current medical knowledge. A recycling system for all types of inhalers must be urgently implemented.},
}
@article {pmid34493886,
year = {2021},
author = {Marx, W and Haunschild, R and Bornmann, L},
title = {Heat waves: a hot topic in climate change research.},
journal = {Theoretical and applied climatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
pmid = {34493886},
issn = {0177-798X},
abstract = {Research on heat waves (periods of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity) is a newly emerging research topic within the field of climate change research with high relevance for the whole of society. In this study, we analyzed the rapidly growing scientific literature dealing with heat waves. No summarizing overview has been published on this literature hitherto. We developed a suitable search query to retrieve the relevant literature covered by the Web of Science (WoS) as complete as possible and to exclude irrelevant literature (n = 8,011 papers). The time evolution of the publications shows that research dealing with heat waves is a highly dynamic research topic, doubling within about 5 years. An analysis of the thematic content reveals the most severe heat wave events within the recent decades (1995 and 2003), the cities and countries/regions affected (USA, Europe, and Australia), and the ecological and medical impacts (drought, urban heat islands, excess hospital admissions, and mortality). An alarming finding is that the limit for survivability may be reached at the end of the twenty-first century in many regions of the world due to the fatal combination of rising temperatures and humidity levels measured as "wet-bulb temperature" (WBT). Risk estimation and future strategies for adaptation to hot weather are major political issues. We identified 104 citation classics, which include fundamental early works of research on heat waves and more recent works (which are characterized by a relatively strong connection to climate change).},
}
@article {pmid34493406,
year = {2021},
author = {Fuller, MG and Cavanaugh, N and Green, S and Duderstadt, K},
title = {Climate Change and State of the Science for Children's Health and Environmental Health Equity.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates &amp; Practitioners},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.08.003},
pmid = {34493406},
issn = {1532-656X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Climate change is impacting the physical and mental health of children and families. This is a state of the science update regarding the impacts of climate change for pediatric-focused health care providers and advanced practice registered nurses.<br><br>METHOD: Using an equity lens, the authors reviewed and synthesized current literature regarding the adverse impacts of climate change.<br><br>RESULTS: The poor and communities of color are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Physical health impacts include increased vector and water-born infectious diseases, increases in asthma and respiratory infections, and undernutrition. Social disruptions lead to human trafficking. Climate change is associated with mental health concerns, including anxiety and posttraumatic stress after natural disasters.<br><br>DISCUSSION: As clinicians, pediatric-focused providers, and advanced practice registered nurses should use multipronged and interdisciplinary approaches to address or prevent the adverse impacts of climate change. Advocacy at all government levels is necessary to safeguard children and vulnerable populations.},
}
@article {pmid34492957,
year = {2021},
author = {Bokor, B and Santos, CS and Kostoláni, D and Machado, J and da Silva, MN and Carvalho, SMP and Vaculík, M and Vasconcelos, MW},
title = {Mitigation of climate change and environmental hazards in plants: Potential role of the beneficial metalloid silicon.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {416},
number = {},
pages = {126193},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126193},
pmid = {34492957},
issn = {1873-3336},
mesh = {Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; *Metalloids ; Plants ; *Silicon ; },
abstract = {In the last decades, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and the average temperature have been increasing, and this trend is expected to become more severe in the near future. Additionally, environmental stresses including drought, salinity, UV-radiation, heavy metals, and toxic elements exposure represent a threat for ecosystems and agriculture. Climate and environmental changes negatively affect plant growth, biomass and yield production, and also enhance plant susceptibility to pests and diseases. Silicon (Si), as a beneficial element for plants, is involved in plant tolerance and/or resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The beneficial role of Si has been shown in various plant species and its accumulation relies on the root's uptake capacity. However, Si uptake in plants depends on many biogeochemical factors that may be substantially altered in the future, affecting its functional role in plant protection. At present, it is not clear whether Si accumulation in plants will be positively or negatively affected by changing climate and environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on Si interaction with the most important factors of global change and environmental hazards in plants, discussing the potential role of its application as an alleviation strategy for climate and environmental hazards based on current knowledge.},
}
@article {pmid34492030,
year = {2021},
author = {Gusmão, AC and Evangelista-Vale, JC and Pires-Oliveira, JC and Barnett, AA and da Silva, OD},
title = {New records and modelling the impacts of climate change on the black-tailed marmosets.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0256270},
pmid = {34492030},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Climate change represents an unprecedented threat to global biodiversity and, for many species, gaps in our knowledge of their biology remain acute. Gaps in baseline knowledge, such as confirmed identifications (Linnean shortfalls) and adequate collections (Wallacean shortfalls), need to be minimized with new studies, since this is often critical for effective conservation. Despite the increase in scientific research on primates in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon, little is known about the species Mico nigriceps (Ferrari &amp; Lopes, 1992) Primates, Platirryni. In the current study, we sought to reduce the extent of the Wallacean shortfall for M. nigriceps, understand whether climate change represents a threat to the distribution of the species, and identify priority areas for its conservation. Accordingly, we provide 121 new records in 14 locations, obtained directly from the field, and five from the literature. Using this, we carried out ecological niche modeling, to better understand how environmental suitability might limit the area occupied by the species. We then projected a distribution for 2070 with the SSP2-4.5 (more optimistic) and SSP5-8.5 (more pessimistic) scenarios. Our data confirmed the geographic distribution of the species as being restricted to headwaters of the Ji-Paraná/Machado river, but with a 400 km extension to the south. Under the modeled climate change scenarios, the area suitable for the species declines by 21% under the most optimistic, and by 27% in the pessimistic, scenario across the projected 50-year period. Although we have expanded the area of known occurrence for this species, we point out that climate change threatens the stability of this newly-discovered population strongly, and that this danger is intensified by deforestation, fire and hunting. We recommend that further studies be carried out to confirm the presence of the species in adjacent areas, those indicated by generated models as being potential environmentally suitable. In addition, we recommend intensifying forest restoration in currently pastured areas, and protection of the areas forming the current and future habitat of this species through such measures as protected area creation.},
}
@article {pmid34491973,
year = {2021},
author = {Nabeel, I and Caraballo-Arias, Y and Perkison, WB and McCarthy, RB and Saberi, P and Berenji, M and Goldman, RH and Laestadius, JG and Sokas, RK and Das, R and Senay, E and Wilkenfeld, M and Cook-Shimanek, M and , },
title = {Proposed Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies Related to Climate Change: Guidance for OEM Professionals.},
journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine},
volume = {63},
number = {9},
pages = {e650-e656},
pmid = {34491973},
issn = {1536-5948},
mesh = {Acclimatization ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Climate Change ; *Environmental Medicine ; Humans ; *Occupational Medicine ; United States ; },
abstract = {Climate change is an urgent challenge amplified by socioeconomic factors that demands thoughtful public health responses from OEM professionals. This guidance statement from the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine focuses on the different strategies that these health professionals can implement to protect workers from health impacts associated with climate change hazards, foster workplace resilience in the face of rapidly changing environments, and take the necessary steps to mitigate the effects of global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid34491603,
year = {2021},
author = {Wege, M and Salas, L and LaRue, M},
title = {Ice matters: Life-history strategies of two Antarctic seals dictate climate change eventualities in the Weddell Sea.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {27},
number = {23},
pages = {6252-6262},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15828},
pmid = {34491603},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Pew Charitable Trusts/ ; 1543311//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Caniformia ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Ice Cover ; *Seals, Earless ; },
abstract = {The impacts of climate change in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are not uniform and ice-obligate species with dissimilar life-history characteristics will likely respond differently to their changing ecosystems. We use a unique data set of Weddell Leptonychotes weddellii and crabeater seals' (CESs) Lobodon carcinophaga breeding season distribution in the Weddell Sea, determined from satellite imagery. We contrast the theoretical climate impacts on both ice-obligate predators who differ in life-history characteristics: CESs are highly specialized Antarctic krill Euphausia superba predators and breed in the seasonal pack ice; Weddell seals (WESs) are generalist predators and breed on comparatively stable fast ice. We used presence-absence data and a suite of remotely sensed environmental variables to build habitat models. Each of the environmental predictors is multiplied by a 'climate change score' based on known responses to climate change to create a 'change importance product'. Results show CESs are more sensitive to climate change than WESs. Crabeater seals prefer to breed close to krill, and the compounding effects of changing sea ice concentrations and sea surface temperatures, the proximity to krill and abundance of stable breeding ice, can influence their post-breeding foraging success and ultimately their future breeding success. But in contrast to the Ross Sea, here WESs prefer to breed closer to larger colonies of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri). This suggests that the Weddell Sea may currently be prey-abundant, allowing the only two air-breathing Antarctic silverfish predators (Pleuragramma antarctica) (WESs and emperor penguins) to breed closer to each other. This is the first basin-scale, region-specific comparison of breeding season habitat in these two key Antarctic predators based on real-world data to compare climate change responses. This work shows that broad-brush, basin-scale approaches to understanding species-specific responses to climate change are not always appropriate, and regional models are needed-especially when designing marine protected areas.},
}
@article {pmid34491425,
year = {2021},
author = {Barnes, DKA and Sands, CJ and Paulsen, ML and Moreno, B and Moreau, C and Held, C and Downey, R and Bax, N and Stark, JS and Zwerschke, N},
title = {Societal importance of Antarctic negative feedbacks on climate change: blue carbon gains from sea ice, ice shelf and glacier losses.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {108},
number = {5},
pages = {43},
pmid = {34491425},
issn = {1432-1904},
mesh = {Antarctic Regions ; Carbon ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Feedback ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Ice Cover ; Seawater ; },
abstract = {Diminishing prospects for environmental preservation under climate change are intensifying efforts to boost capture, storage and sequestration (long-term burial) of carbon. However, as Earth's biological carbon sinks also shrink, remediation has become a key part of the narrative for terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast, blue carbon on polar continental shelves have stronger pathways to sequestration and have increased with climate-forced marine ice losses-becoming the largest known natural negative feedback on climate change. Here we explore the size and complex dynamics of blue carbon gains with spatiotemporal changes in sea ice (60-100 MtCyear-1), ice shelves (4-40 MtCyear-1 = giant iceberg generation) and glacier retreat (< 1 MtCyear-1). Estimates suggest that, amongst these, reduced duration of seasonal sea ice is most important. Decreasing sea ice extent drives longer (not necessarily larger biomass) smaller cell-sized phytoplankton blooms, increasing growth of many primary consumers and benthic carbon storage-where sequestration chances are maximal. However, sea ice losses also create positive feedbacks in shallow waters through increased iceberg movement and scouring of benthos. Unlike loss of sea ice, which enhances existing sinks, ice shelf losses generate brand new carbon sinks both where giant icebergs were, and in their wake. These also generate small positive feedbacks from scouring, minimised by repeat scouring at biodiversity hotspots. Blue carbon change from glacier retreat has been least well quantified, and although emerging fjords are small areas, they have high storage-sequestration conversion efficiencies, whilst blue carbon in polar waters faces many diverse and complex stressors. The identity of these are known (e.g. fishing, warming, ocean acidification, non-indigenous species and plastic pollution) but not their magnitude of impact. In order to mediate multiple stressors, research should focus on wider verification of blue carbon gains, projecting future change, and the broader environmental and economic benefits to safeguard blue carbon ecosystems through law.},
}
@article {pmid34490433,
year = {2021},
author = {Vione, D and Minero, C and Carena, L},
title = {Fluorophores in surface freshwaters: importance, likely structures, and possible impacts of climate change.},
journal = {Environmental science. Processes &amp; impacts},
volume = {23},
number = {10},
pages = {1429-1442},
doi = {10.1039/d1em00273b},
pmid = {34490433},
issn = {2050-7895},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Humic Substances/analysis ; Lakes ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; },
abstract = {Fluorescence spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques currently available for the characterisation of organic matter in natural water samples, because it combines easy availability of instrumentation, high sensitivity and limited requirements for sample treatment. The main fluorophores that can be found in natural waters are usually proteins (and/or free amino acids) and humic substances (humic and fulvic acids). The identification of these fluorescent compounds in water samples helps to obtain information about, among others, biological activity in the water body, possible transport of organic matter from soil, and the phenomenon of photobleaching that decreases both the absorbance and (usually) the fluorescence of natural organic matter. Interestingly, all these phenomena can be affected by climate change, which could alter to different extents the ratio between aquagenic and pedogenic fluorophores. Several events induced by warming in natural waters (and especially lake water) could enhance algal growth, thereby also enhancing the production of aquagenic organic matter. Intense precipitation events could increase the export of pedogenic material to surface waters, while photobleaching would be enhanced in the epilimnion of lakes when summer stratification becomes longer and more stable because of higher temperatures. Interestingly, photobleaching affects humic substances to a higher extent compared to protein-like material, thus protein fluorescence signals could be more preserved in stratified waters.},
}
@article {pmid34489585,
year = {2021},
author = {Else, H},
title = {Climate change implicated in Germany's deadly floods.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02330-y},
pmid = {34489585},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid34489526,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhu, Y and Yu, Q and Luo, Q and Zhang, H and Zhao, J and Ju, Z and Du, Y and Yang, Y},
title = {Impacts of climate change on suitability zonation for potato cultivation in Jilin Province, Northeast China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {13103},
pmid = {34489526},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Global climate change is causing notable shifts in the environmental suitability of the main regions involved in potato cultivation and has, thus, changed the production potential of potatoes. These shifts can be mapped at fine scales to better understand climate change within areas of potato cultivation and to find infrastructural- and breeding-based solutions. As a case study, we have identified and mapped the structural and spatial shifts that occurred in areas suitable for potato cultivation in Jilin Province, China. We identified a discontinuity in climate change trends between 1961 and 2018 based on data for Jilin Province, and analyzed the averages and linear trends for six important climatic parameters. We used the averages of these climatic parameters to establish climate models for the province and determined cultivation using a multi-criteria, decision-based model that integrates Analytical Hierarchy Process Weighted Principal Component Analysis (AHP-PCA) and Geographic Information System (GIS). We mapped the environmentally suitable areas for potato cultivation at a 3-km resolution based on the geo-climate model for each time period and analyzed differences between them. We found that "Most suitable" areas for potato cultivation were mainly distributed in the central area of Jilin Province, "Suitable" areas were located in the northwestern plains, and "Sub-suitable" areas were located in the eastern mountainous areas. In contrast, "Not suitable" areas occur mainly in the high-altitude areas in the east. The areas of "Most suitable" and "Suitable" areas for potato cultivation in Jilin Province were increasing, with increasing rates of 0.37 × 1,000 km2 decade-1 (R2 = 0.58, P < 0.01) and 0.20 × 1,000 km2 decade-1 (R2 = 0.28, P < 0.01), respectively, while the extent of "Sub-suitable" areas is decreasing, with a decreasing rate of 0.58 × 1,000 km2 decade-1 (R2 = 0.53, P < 0.05). The area of "Not suitable" areas had undergone little change. "Most suitable" and "Suitable" areas for potato cultivation showed a trend towards northward expansion. Overall, our results suggest that global climate change has had a positive impact on potato cultivation in Jilin Province over the past 58 years.},
}
@article {pmid34489320,
year = {2021},
author = {Merino, JG},
title = {Comment: Climate Change.},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000012692},
pmid = {34489320},
issn = {1526-632X},
}
@article {pmid34487445,
year = {2021},
author = {Salas, RN and Ebi, KL},
title = {The Health Benefits of Urgent Upstream Action on Climate Change.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {174},
number = {11},
pages = {1612-1613},
doi = {10.7326/M21-3347},
pmid = {34487445},
issn = {1539-3704},
}
@article {pmid34487339,
year = {2021},
author = {Brockhaus, M and Di Gregorio, M and Djoudi, H and Moeliono, M and Pham, TT and Wong, GY},
title = {The forest frontier in the Global South: Climate change policies and the promise of development and equity.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {50},
number = {12},
pages = {2238-2255},
pmid = {34487339},
issn = {1654-7209},
support = {14200149//Research Institute for Humanity and Nature/ ; ES/K006576/1//Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, University of Leeds/ ; ES/K00879X/1//Economic and Social Research Council/ ; 96964//Volkswagen Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Forests ; Humans ; Policy ; Politics ; },
abstract = {Halting forest loss and achieving sustainable development in an equitable manner require state, non-state actors, and entire societies in the Global North and South to tackle deeply established patterns of inequality and power relations embedded in forest frontiers. Forest and climate governance in the Global South can provide an avenue for the transformational change needed-yet, does it? We analyse the politics and power in four cases of mitigation, adaptation, and development arenas. We use a political economy lens to explore the transformations taking place when climate policy meets specific forest frontiers in the Global South, where international, national and local institutions, interests, ideas, and information are at play. We argue that lasting and equitable outcomes will require a strong discursive shift within dominant institutions and among policy actors to redress policies that place responsibilities and burdens on local people in the Global South, while benefits from deforestation and maladaptation are taken elsewhere. What is missing is a shared transformational objective and priority to keep forests standing among all those involved from afar in the major forest frontiers in the tropics.},
}
@article {pmid34486228,
year = {2021},
author = {Baumbusch, J and Blakey, E and Carapellotti, A and Dohmen, M and Kagan, SH and Melendez-Torres, GJ},
title = {This alarm is not a drill: We call gerontological nurses to act on climate change.},
journal = {International journal of older people nursing},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {e12421},
doi = {10.1111/opn.12421},
pmid = {34486228},
issn = {1748-3743},
mesh = {Aged ; Climate Change ; *Geriatric Nursing ; *Geriatrics ; Humans ; *Nurses ; },
}
@article {pmid34486057,
year = {2021},
author = {Burnier, M and Fouque, D},
title = {Global warming applied to dialysis: facts and figures.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {36},
number = {12},
pages = {2167-2169},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gfab260},
pmid = {34486057},
issn = {1460-2385},
}
@article {pmid34485747,
year = {2021},
author = {Waaswa, A and Nkurumwa, AO and Kibe, AM and Kipkemoi, NJ},
title = {Communicating climate change adaptation strategies: climate-smart agriculture information dissemination pathways among smallholder potato farmers in Gilgil Sub-County, Kenya.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {8},
pages = {e07873},
pmid = {34485747},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Proven and sustainable practices like climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) need to be prioritized and promoted for uptake especially by the farmers to achieve sustainable development. These are capable of contributing to the realization of sustainable development goals through averting food and nutritional insecurity, increasing and sustaining yields that translate into increased incomes and later reduced poverty. This is because CSAPs enable farmers to adapt and mitigate climate change effects. However, due to inappropriate communication of CSAPs to the farmers, to date, some farmers still see no escape route from the frightening effects of climate change and they are currently adopting a rather fatalistic attitude. This study investigated the information dissemination pathways used by different categories of smallholder potato farmers for and practice of CSAPs. It found a difference between information sources and practice of CSAPs at a 5% level of significance (χ2 = 100.12139, df = 2, p < 0.05, Cramer's V = 1.0), and a difference in the use of the three information dissemination pathways between men and women at a 5% level of significance (χ2 = 6.05949, df = 2, p < 0.05, Cramer's V = 0.17406). The three information dissemination pathways included media, neighbors and friends, and extension officers. Generally, farmers were aware and practiced the CSAPs investigated in this study except for irrigation with high awareness yet with low uptake percentage and potato seedlings and minitubers both with low awareness and practice respectively. This study recommended mainstreaming of CSAPs information.},
}
@article {pmid34483407,
year = {2021},
author = {Sanford, M and Painter, J and Yasseri, T and Lorimer, J},
title = {Controversy around climate change reports: a case study of Twitter responses to the 2019 IPCC report on land.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {167},
number = {3-4},
pages = {59},
pmid = {34483407},
issn = {0165-0009},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 205212/Z/16/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {In August 2019, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published its Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL), which generated extensive societal debate and interest in mainstream and social media. Using computational and conceptual text analysis, we examined more than 6,000 English-language posts on Twitter to establish the relative presence of different topics. Then, we assessed their levels of toxicity and sentiment polarity as an indication of contention and controversy. We find first that meat consumption and dietary options became one of the most discussed issues on Twitter in response to the IPCC report, even though it was a relatively minor element of the report; second, this new issue of controversy (meat and diet) had similar, high levels of toxicity to strongly contentious issues in previous IPCC reports (skepticism about climate science and the credibility of the IPCC). We suggest that this is in part a reflection of increasingly polarized narratives about meat and diet found in other areas of public discussion and of a movement away from criticism of climate science towards criticism of climate solutions. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of these findings for the work of the IPCC in anticipating responses to its reports and responding to them effectively.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-021-03182-1.},
}
@article {pmid34482591,
year = {2021},
author = {Bairos-Novak, KR and Hoogenboom, MO and van Oppen, MJH and Connolly, SR},
title = {Coral adaptation to climate change: Meta-analysis reveals high heritability across multiple traits.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {27},
number = {22},
pages = {5694-5710},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15829},
pmid = {34482591},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {Acclimatization ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Animals ; *Anthozoa/genetics ; Climate Change ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change is a rapidly intensifying selection pressure on biodiversity across the globe and, particularly, on the world's coral reefs. The rate of adaptation to climate change is proportional to the amount of phenotypic variation that can be inherited by subsequent generations (i.e., narrow-sense heritability, h2). Thus, traits that have higher heritability (e.g., h2 > 0.5) are likely to adapt to future conditions faster than traits with lower heritability (e.g., h2 < 0.1). Here, we synthesize 95 heritability estimates across 19 species of reef-building corals. Our meta-analysis reveals low heritability (h2 < 0.25) of gene expression metrics, intermediate heritability (h2 = 0.25-0.50) of photochemistry, growth, and bleaching, and high heritability (h2 > 0.50) for metrics related to survival and immune responses. Some of these values are higher than typically observed in other taxa, such as survival and growth, while others were more comparable, such as gene expression and photochemistry. There was no detectable effect of temperature on heritability, but narrow-sense heritability estimates were generally lower than broad-sense estimates, indicative of significant non-additive genetic variation across traits. Trait heritability also varied depending on coral life stage, with bleaching and growth in juveniles generally having lower heritability compared to bleaching and growth in larvae and adults. These differences may be the result of previous stabilizing selection on juveniles or may be due to constrained evolution resulting from genetic trade-offs or genetic correlations between growth and thermotolerance. While we find no evidence that heritability decreases under temperature stress, explicit tests of the heritability of thermal tolerance itself-such as coral thermal reaction norm shape-are lacking. Nevertheless, our findings overall reveal high trait heritability for the majority of coral traits, suggesting corals may have a greater potential to adapt to climate change than has been assumed in recent evolutionary models.},
}
@article {pmid34482460,
year = {2021},
author = {Ozdemir, D},
title = {The impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Asian countries: a heterogeneous panel data approach.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34482460},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {While climate change is having serious impacts on agriculture and may require ongoing adaptation, short-run threats to global food security are also crucial for developing countries. We use dynamic and asymmetric panel autoregressive distributed lag estimators to investigate how the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity vary depending upon the short run and long run in Asia over the period of 1980-2016. The results confirmed that there is a long-run relationship between agricultural productivity and climate change variables; however, only CO2 emissions could be linked to agricultural productivity in the short run. Moreover, while the direction of this effect is positive for the short run, it turns into negative in the long run confirming that carbon fertilization in the atmosphere can to some extent have a positive effect on agricultural productivity.},
}
@article {pmid34482110,
year = {2021},
author = {Mafi-Gholami, D and Pirasteh, S and Ellison, JC and Jaafari, A},
title = {Fuzzy-based vulnerability assessment of coupled social-ecological systems to multiple environmental hazards and climate change.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {299},
number = {},
pages = {113573},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113573},
pmid = {34482110},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Acclimatization ; *Climate Change ; Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Indian Ocean ; },
abstract = {Climate change and combining related parameters of environmental hazards have left a considerable challenge in assessing social-ecological vulnerability. Here we integrated a fuzzy-based approach in the vulnerability assessment of mangrove social-ecological systems combining environmental parameters, socio-economic, and vegetative components from exposure dimensions, sensitivity and adaptive capacity along the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman for the first time. This study aims to provide critical information for habitat-scale management strategies and adaptation plans by assessing the vulnerability of mangrove social-ecological systems. This study provides a methodology framework that consists of five steps. Step 1: We combined the fuzzy weighted maps of seven environmental hazards, including tidal range, maximum wind speeds, drought magnitude, maximum temperatures, extreme storm surge, sea-level rise, significant wave height, and social vulnerability. This map combination determined that the computed exposure index is from 1.07 to 4.32 across the study areas, with an increasing trend from the coasts of the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman. Step 2: We integrated the fuzzy weighted maps of four sensitivity variables, including area change, health change, seaward edge retreat, and production potential change. The findings show that the sensitivity index is from 1.40 to 2.64 across the study areas, increasing the trend from the Persian Gulf coast to the Gulf of Oman. Step 3: Besides, we combined the fuzzy weighted maps of three adaptive capacity variables, including the availability of migration areas, recruitment, and local communities' participation in restoration projects and education programs. The result showed that the index value across the study areas varies between 0.087 and 2.38, decreasing the trend from the Persian Gulf coast to the Gulf of Oman. Step 4: Implementing fuzzy hierarchical analysis process to determine the relative weight of variables corresponding to exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Step 5: The integration of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity and the vulnerability index maps in the study areas showed variation from 0.25 to 5.92, with the vulnerability of mangroves from the west coast of the Persian Gulf (Nayband) decreasing towards Khamir, then increasing to the eastern coasts of the Gulf of Oman (Jask and Gwadar). Overall, the results indicate the importance of the proposed approach to the vulnerability of mangroves at the habitat scale along a coastal area and across environmental gradients of climatic, maritime and socio-economic variables. This study validated the findings based on the ground truth measurements, and high-resolution satellite data incorporated the Consistency Rate (CR) in the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The overall accuracy of all classified remote sensing images and maps consistently exceeded 90%, and the CR of the 25 completed questionnaires was <0.1. Finally, this study indicates differences in vulnerability of various habitats, leading to focus conservation completion and rehabilitation and climate change adaptation planning to support the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-13 implementation.},
}
@article {pmid34480869,
year = {2021},
author = {Marques, R and Krüger, RF and Cunha, SK and Silveira, AS and Alves, DMCC and Rodrigues, GD and Peterson, AT and Jiménez-García, D},
title = {Climate change impacts on Anopheles (K.) cruzii in urban areas of Atlantic Forest of Brazil: Challenges for malaria diseases.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {224},
number = {},
pages = {106123},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106123},
pmid = {34480869},
issn = {1873-6254},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anopheles ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Climate Change ; Forests ; Humans ; *Malaria/epidemiology ; Mosquito Vectors ; },
abstract = {Around 27% of South Americans live in central and southern Brazil. Of 19,400 human malaria cases in Brazil in 2018, some were from the southern and southeastern states. High abundance of malaria vectors is generally positively associated with malaria incidence. Expanding geographic distributions of Anopheles vector mosquito species (e.g. A. cruzii) in the face of climate change processes would increase risk of such malaria transmission; such risk is of particular concern in regions that hold human population concentrations near present limits of vector species' geographic distributions. We modeled effects of likely climate changes on the distribution of A. cruzii, evaluating two scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions for 2050, as simulated in 21 general circulation models and two greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for 2050. We tested 1305 candidate models, and chose among them based on statistical significance, predictive performance, and complexity. The models closely approximated the known geographic distribution of the species under current conditions. Under scenarios of future climate change, we noted increases in suitable area for the mosquito vector species in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states, including areas close to 30 densely populated cities. Under RCP 8.5, our models anticipate areal increases of >75% for this important malaria vector in the vicinity of 20 large Brazilian cities. We developed models that anticipate increased suitability for the mosquito species; around 50% of Brazilians reside in these areas, and ∼89% of foreign tourists visit coastal areas in this region. Under climate change thereefore, the risk and vulnerability of human populations to malaria transmission appears bound to increase.},
}
@article {pmid34478595,
year = {2022},
author = {Franke, JA and Müller, C and Minoli, S and Elliott, J and Folberth, C and Gardner, C and Hank, T and Izaurralde, RC and Jägermeyr, J and Jones, CD and Liu, W and Olin, S and Pugh, TAM and Ruane, AC and Stephens, H and Zabel, F and Moyer, EJ},
title = {Agricultural breadbaskets shift poleward given adaptive farmer behavior under climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {167-181},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15868},
pmid = {34478595},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {AXIS project MAPPY (01LS1903A)//German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)/ ; SES-1463644//NSF/ ; DGE-1735359//NSF/ ; DGE-1746045//NSF/ ; NNX16AK38G/NASA/NASA/United States ; ERC-530 2013-SynG-610028 Imbalance-P/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
abstract = {Modern food production is spatially concentrated in global "breadbaskets." A major unresolved question is whether these peak production regions will shift poleward as the climate warms, allowing some recovery of potential climate-related losses. While agricultural impacts studies to date have focused on currently cultivated land, the Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison Project (GGCMI) Phase 2 experiment allows us to assess changes in both yields and the location of peak productivity regions under warming. We examine crop responses under projected end of century warming using seven process-based models simulating five major crops (maize, rice, soybeans, and spring and winter wheat) with a variety of adaptation strategies. We find that in no-adaptation cases, when planting date and cultivar choices are held fixed, regions of peak production remain stationary and yield losses can be severe, since growing seasons contract strongly with warming. When adaptations in management practices are allowed (cultivars that retain growing season length under warming and modified planting dates), peak productivity zones shift poleward and yield losses are largely recovered. While most growing-zone shifts are ultimately limited by geography, breadbaskets studied here move poleward over 600 km on average by end of the century under RCP 8.5. These results suggest that agricultural impacts assessments can be strongly biased if restricted in spatial area or in the scope of adaptive behavior considered. Accurate evaluation of food security under climate change requires global modeling and careful treatment of adaptation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34478590,
year = {2021},
author = {Xu, X and Ouyang, X and Gu, Y and Cheng, K and Smith, P and Sun, J and Li, Y and Pan, G},
title = {Climate change may interact with nitrogen fertilizer management leading to different ammonia loss in China's croplands.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {27},
number = {24},
pages = {6525-6535},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15874},
pmid = {34478590},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {Agriculture ; *Ammonia/analysis ; China ; Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural ; *Fertilizers/analysis ; Humans ; Nitrogen/analysis ; },
abstract = {Despite research into the response of ammonia (NH3) volatilization in farmland to various meteorological factors, the potential impact of future climate change on NH3 volatilization is not fully understood. Based on a database consisting of 1063 observations across China, nonlinear NH3 models considering crop type, meteorological, soil and management variables were established via four machine learning methods, including support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron, gradient boosting machine and random forest (RF). The RF model had the highest R2 of 0.76 and the lowest RMSE of 0.82 kg NH3 -N ha- 1 , showing the best simulation capability. Results of model importance indicated that NH3 volatilization was mainly controlled by total input of N fertilizer, followed by meteorological factors, human managements and soil characteristics. The NH3 emissions of China's cereal production (paddy rice, wheat and maize) in 2018 was estimated to be 3.3 Mt NH3 -N. By 2050, NH3 volatilization will increase by 23.1-32.0% under different climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs), and climate change will have the greatest impact on NH3 volatilization in the Yangtze river agro-region of China due to high warming effects. However, the potential increase in NH3 volatilization under future climate change can be mitigated by 26.1-47.5% through various N fertilizer management optimization options.},
}
@article {pmid34476822,
year = {2021},
author = {Nadeau, KC and Agache, I and Jutel, M and Annesi Maesano, I and Akdis, M and Sampath, V and D'Amato, G and Cecchi, L and Traidl-Hoffmann, C and Akdis, CA},
title = {Climate change: A call to action for the united nations.},
journal = {Allergy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/all.15079},
pmid = {34476822},
issn = {1398-9995},
}
@article {pmid34476707,
year = {2021},
author = {Tang, SL and Song, YB and Zeng, B and Dong, M},
title = {Potential distribution of the extremely endangered species Ostrya rehderiana (Betulaceae) in China under future climate change.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34476707},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {2016YFC0503100//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 31670429//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31400346//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity, which may increase the extinction risk of rare species, particularly those like Ostrya rehderiana Chun (Betulaceae) with very few remaining extant wild individuals. We aimed to estimate the potential distribution of O. rehderiana under climate change and to analyze possible relevant climatic factors. Maximum entropy (Maxent) was employed to model the potential distribution of O. rehderiana under present and future climate scenarios. Suitable habitat areas in different periods and the main contributing climate factors were identified using species distribution models. The minimum temperature in winter and precipitation seasonality were the principal climatic factors influencing the establishment of O. rehderiana. The proportion of high potential distribution area in China was 3.91% and would further shrink significantly under changing climate, especially reduce by 97% under high radiative forcing. The extinction risk of O. rehderiana would still be extraordinarily high under future climate scenarios. The Tianmu and Luoxiao Mountains would be the only potential refugia for O. rehderiana in the future. Special conservation efforts are urgently required to rescue extremely endangered species as O. rehderiana. We propose priorities for the conservation region and suggestions for conservation management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid34476697,
year = {2021},
author = {Khan, AA and Khan, SU and Ali, MAS and Javed, T and Khan, A and Luo, J},
title = {An impact of climate change and groundwater salinity on shadow price of water, farmers' revenue, and socioeconomic and environmental indicators in district Kohat-Pakistan.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34476697},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Globally, agricultural productivity is adversely impacted due to climatic changes as the temperatures rises and precipitation decreases, and especially in Pakistan, which ultimately enhanced groundwater salinity and harmed water quality in the country. However, the impacts of groundwater salinity and climate change on farmers' revenue have not been fully understood in Pakistan. Therefore, the focus of current research is the assessment of shadow price of water, farmers' revenue, and socioeconomic and environmental indicators affected by variations in groundwater salinity, precipitation, and temperature. The estimation of crop yield sensitivity to groundwater salinity, precipitation, and temperature and their prediction for 2030, 2040, and 2050 time periods was accomplished through the technique of General Maximum Entropy and Response-Yield function. Moreover, the assessment of groundwater quality and climate variable impacts on socioeconomic and environmental indicators was obtained through Target Motad-PMP model. In the end, the most suitable climate change scenario in the study area was established by applying a multi-criteria decision-making method. The results revealed that groundwater salinity and temperature expressed a significantly increasing trend with the Z values of 5.82 and 2.15, respectively. While the precipitation depicted a significantly decreasing trend (Z value = -3.37). The negative impact of climatic changes and groundwater salinity was revealed for revenue risk and shadow prices of water. The most negative impact on income risk and shadow prices is during 2050 horizon with a decrease by 11.4 and 19.4% respectively. The environmental index is the most important with a priority of 43.4% compared to the socio-economic indicators. The sub-index water use is also significant in the study area with a priority of 28.1%. A2 is the most appropriate climate scenario conferring to the TOPSIS ranking method. Therefore, the A2 scenario should be taken into account for the policy of adaptation to the climate change wonder in district Kohat.},
}
@article {pmid34476694,
year = {2021},
author = {Gong, L and Liu, D an