@article {pmid40905566,
year = {2025},
author = {Merli, P and Masetti, R and Pigazzi, M and Girardi, K and Miele, E and Bresolin, S and Baccelli, F and Peplinski, JH and Becilli, M and Paganelli, V and Strocchio, L and Buldini, B and Pagliara, D and Meshinchi, S and Locatelli, F},
title = {Sensitivity of Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Excess of Blasts With UBTF-TD to Venetoclax/Azacitidine.},
journal = {American journal of hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ajh.70056},
pmid = {40905566},
issn = {1096-8652},
support = {//Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (F.L.)/ ; AIRCIG26039//Fondazione AIRC/ ; },
abstract = {UBTF-TD has been reported in a significant percentage of childhood MDS-EB and has been associated with inferior survival compared to that of patients with the wild-type gene. We treated three consecutive pediatric patients affected by UBTF-TD MDS-EB with venetoclax and azacitidine (ven/aza) in combination as 28-day cycles on a compassionate use basis three consecutive pediatric patients affected by UBTF-TD MDS-EB as a bridge to allogeneic HSCT. Treatment with ven/aza was well-tolerated, and all patients responded to the ven/aza course, achieving CR with flow-cytometry negativity. All three patients were bridged to myeloablative HSCT. All patients are disease-free and graft-versus-host disease-free at last follow-up. Comprehensive biological characterization of the disease showed (i) high expression of the BCL2 gene, paralleled by a low expression of BCL2A1 and MCL1; (ii) overexpression of both HOXA and HOXB; and (iii) a distinct methylation signature of patients with UBTF-TD myeloid neoplasms.},
}

@article {pmid40905099,
year = {2025},
author = {Gem, H and Ebadi, M and Sebastian, G and Abasaeed, R and Lloid, M and Minot, SS and Dean, DR and Rashidi, A},
title = {Dental plaque microbiota following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease.},
journal = {Haematologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3324/haematol.2025.288279},
pmid = {40905099},
issn = {1592-8721},
abstract = {Microbiota disruptions have been associated with short-term complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). However, only a few studies have examined the relationship between dysbiosis and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), the main long-term immunologic toxicity of alloHCT. Considering the role of oral microbiota in systemic inflammatory diseases, we evaluated whether oral microbiota at day 28 post-HCT corresponding to clinical recovery from the acute events after transplantation is associated with subsequent cGVHD. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 207 saliva and supragingival plaque samples collected longitudinally at baseline (pre-conditioning), day +28, and day +84 from 37 patients (11 with subsequent moderate/severe cGVHD) revealed a significant association between day +28 plaque microbiota composition and cGVHD. Two orthogonal statistical approaches demonstrated Streptococcus sanguinis and Prevotella loescheii in day +28 plaque to be associated with cGVHD. Metagenome-based functional analysis identified 4 microbial metabolic pathways associated with future cGVHD, two of which were highly attributed to S. sanguinis. These pathways - ethanolamine utilization and glycerol metabolism - increase bacterial fitness by providing an alternative carbon/nitrogen source and improving survival in inflamed tissues. Our findings propose a novel mechanism by which the early post-transplant dental biofilm may contribute to cGVHD months later, offering a potential target for early prophylactic intervention.},
}

@article {pmid40904946,
year = {2025},
author = {Cho, Y and Zheng, C and Qi, L and Prentice, RL and Zhang, MJ},
title = {Causal effect estimation for competing risk data in randomized trial: adjusting covariates to gain efficiency.},
journal = {Journal of applied statistics},
volume = {52},
number = {11},
pages = {2094-2112},
pmid = {40904946},
issn = {0266-4763},
abstract = {The double-blinded randomized trial is considered the gold standard to estimate the average causal effect (ACE). The naive estimator without adjusting any covariate is consistent. However, incorporating the covariates that are strong predictors of the outcome could reduce the issue of unbalanced covariate distribution between the treated and controlled groups and can improve efficiency. Recent work has shown that thanks to randomization, for linear regression, an estimator under risk consistency (e.g. Random Forest) for the regression coefficients could maintain the convergence rate even when a nonparametric model is assumed for the effect of covariates. Also, such an adjusted estimator will always lead to efficiency gain compared to the naive unadjusted estimator. In this paper, we extend this result to the competing risk data setting and show that under similar assumptions, the augmented inverse probability censoring weighting (AIPCW) based adjusted estimator has the same convergence rate and efficiency gain. Extensive simulations were performed to show the efficiency gain in the finite sample setting. To illustrate our proposed method, we apply it to the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) dietary modification trial studying the effect of a low-fat diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) related mortality among those who have prior CVD.},
}

@article {pmid40903320,
year = {2025},
author = {Bakaloudi, DR and Koehne, EL and Voutsinas, JM and Diamantopoulos, LΝ and Makrakis, D and Grivas, P and True, LD and Tretiakova, MS and Vakar-Lopez, F and Psutka, SP and Holt, SK and Gore, JL and Lin, DW and Schade, GR and Nyame, YA and Hsieh, AC and Yezefski, T and Hawley, JE and Schweizer, MT and Cheng, HH and Yu, EY and Montgomery, RB and Wu, QV and Wright, JL},
title = {Agreement between transurethral resection of bladder tumor and radical cystectomy pathology in patients with bladder cancer subtype histology: A retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.urolonc.2025.07.024},
pmid = {40903320},
issn = {1873-2496},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) is a diagnostic staging procedure for bladder cancer (BC). Its pathologic interpretation may be limited by cautery artifact, lack of spatial orientation of tumor specimens, inter-pathologist variance in identifying subtypes, and sampling bias. Accurately identifying subtype histology (SH) on TURBT is critical for clinical decisions. We compared the agreement between TURBT and radical cystectomy (RC) pathology in patients with SH BC.

METHODS: We examined TURBT and RC pathology of patients who underwent RC at our institution. We included patients with pure SH and mixed histologies in either TURBT or RC specimens. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to determine the degree of agreement between TURBT and RC.

RESULTS: From 1135 RC performed, 650 (57%) patients had SH in either TURBT or RC; 225 patients were (y)pT0 at the time of RC and 36 patients had rare histologies, leaving 389 patients for analysis. 172 (44%) patients had an exact match between TURBT and RC. We found a high level of agreement between TURBT and RC in pure non-UC histology (kappa range: 0.82-0.98). In contrast, we found substantial (sarcomatoid; kappa 0.70), moderate (squamous, glandular, plasmacytoid, small cell/neuroendocrine; kappa range: 0.42-0.55) and fair (micropapillary; kappa 0.38) concordance between TURBT and RC in patients with UC mixed with SH.

CONCLUSIONS: We found variable levels of agreement of SH detection between TURBT and RC. Agreement was high in pure non-UC histology. Further, we found that NAT, completeness of TURBT, and >50% SH at TURBT are associated with the persistence of SH at RC. Future efforts are needed to develop reproducible diagnostic tools for accurate characterization of SH in UC.},
}

@article {pmid40902330,
year = {2025},
author = {Colbert, CM and Kruse, E and Jacqmin, D and Pichardo, JC and Wang, C and Schubert, LK and Bennett, S and Lin, MH and Olsen, L and Li, B and Kim, M},
title = {Virtual radiotherapy plan quality education: Perspectives from a global setting.},
journal = {Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)},
volume = {137},
number = {},
pages = {105069},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmp.2025.105069},
pmid = {40902330},
issn = {1724-191X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Evaluation of treatment plan quality is a critical element of training for radiotherapy professionals. With the increased adoption of intensity modulated radiotherapy internationally, this training is crucial to address patient care inequity. We aim to evaluate learning outcomes from a 14-session remote training course targeting critical elements of plan quality with advanced modalities.

METHODS: The virtual training course was delivered to over 500 radiotherapy professionals in North Africa. Attendees completed online pre- and post-course knowledge assessments, and surveys of their confidence in core competencies. Paired t-tests, general linear regression, and ANOVA were used to evaluate learning outcomes.

RESULTS: On the pre-course knowledge assessment, attendees scored a mean of 3.97 ± 1.54 out of 10. After the course, remaining attendees' scores increased to a mean of 4.88 ± 1.86 (p < 0.001). Mean confidence scores increased from 2.28 ± 1.22 to 3.70 ± 0.76 out of 5. Confidence scores varied significantly with enrollees' years of experience, clinical role, and involvement in treatment planning (p < 0.05). However, pre-course knowledge scores only varied based on clinicians' current involvement in advanced treatment planning (p < 0.01). The improvement in knowledge score from baseline increased significantly with course attendance (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: This course produced positive overall learning outcomes, particularly with advanced treatment planning modalities. Attendees gained practical experience applying rigorous plan quality criteria. The study results support the crucial importance of continuing education and hands-on experience in the rapidly advancing technological environment of radiation oncology.},
}

@article {pmid40899409,
year = {2025},
author = {Johnson, T and Spieler, BO and Toskich, BB and Wang, DS and Folkert, MR and Russo, S and Sharma, NK and Kim, CY and Wright, CL and Kappadath, SC and Farsad, K and Muzahir, S and Chundury, A and Parent, EE and Sio, TT and Mercier, GA and Ghesani, MV and Subramaniam, RM and Caplin, D and Small, W and Schechter, NR},
title = {ACR-ABS-ACNM-ARS-SIR-SNMMI Practice Parameter for Radioembolization of Liver Malignancies.},
journal = {American journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/COC.0000000000001234},
pmid = {40899409},
issn = {1537-453X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), the American College of Nuclear Medicine (ACNM), the American Radium Society (ARS), the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR), and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). This document summarizes current evidence-based guidelines for the administration of Yttrium radioembolic therapy to the liver, including training requirements, evidence-based guidelines for administration, and safe practice for administration.

METHODS: This practice parameter was revised according to the process described under the heading The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website (https://www.acr.org/ClinicalResources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards) by the Committee on Practice Parameters-Interventional and Cardiovascular Radiology of the ACR Commission on Interventional and Cardiovascular, Committee on Practice Parameters and Technical Standards-Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of the ACR Commission on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and the Committee on Practice Parameters-Radiation Oncology of the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology in collaboration with the ABS, the ACNM, the ARS, the SIR, and the SNMMI.

RESULTS: This review seeks not to be a comprehensive discussion of radiotherapy to the liver, but rather, seeks to provide a parameter for safe and effective therapy. We discuss the qualifications of physicians involved in this therapy, basic indications, contraindications, procedural work-up, safe-handling, and regulatory requirement for the administration of selective internal radiation therapy to patients that are likely to benefit. The goal of this document is not to define which patients are best treated by these therapies, as this is best determined for individual patients after multidisciplinary review. A consistent and evidence-based approach to therapy, however, would benefit all patients who are offered this therapy. This document seeks to provide a framework for current best practices for the administration of the 2 currently available radioembolization devices.

CONCLUSIONS: As Yttrium-90 radiotherapy to the liver occupies a growing role in the treatment of primary and metastatic liver cancer, this review seeks to assist clinicians of all involved specialties to optimize the efficacy and safety of these procedures.},
}

@article {pmid40895774,
year = {2025},
author = {Malik, NH and Plastaras, JP and Corradini, S and Dawson, LA and Hawkins, MA and Salerno, KE and Mayo, CS and Dunne, EM and Gabryś, D and Grassberger, C and Lawrence, TS and Sharma, M and Bergman, AM and Owen, D and Zaila, A and Rudra, S and Velec, M and Murrell, DH},
title = {Reirradiation clinical practice in gastrointestinal abdominal malignancies: an international reirradiation collaborative group (ReCOG) systematic review.},
journal = {Clinical and translational radiation oncology},
volume = {55},
number = {},
pages = {101033},
pmid = {40895774},
issn = {2405-6308},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Reirradiation in abdominal malignancies has grown more common with advanced radiotherapy techniques. However, clinical use and implementation varies, and there remains limited consensus on best practices for reirradiation. In this systematic review, a multidisciplinary team treating gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary malignancies within the Reirradiation Collaborative Group (ReCOG) convened to review published literature on reirradiation in the abdomen to offer insights into patient selection, radiotherapy planning, risk management, and assessing knowledge gaps for future development of guidelines.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: A systematic search of Cochrane Central, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, and PubMed up to August 30, 2024, was conducted as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Data on patient characteristics, radiation doses, dose constraints, treatment outcomes, and toxicities were extracted. Where feasible, pooled weighted analyses were performed.

RESULTS: Thirty-three studies involving 1,264 patients met inclusion criteria: 30 were retrospective and 3 prospective. The median number of patients reported per study was 26 (range 2-245). Of the reported tumor sites, 718 patients had liver tumors and 277 pancreas, with smaller numbers of mixed/lymph node targets. Reirradiation doses, fractionation schemes, and dose constraints varied widely; only half of the studies provided explicit organ-at-risk constraints. Three studies included patients treated with palliative intent. Median overall survival ranged from 5.9 to 44 months, with a pooled weighted median OS of 19.6 months across 20 studies that reported it. One-year local control rates ranged from 19 % to 93 %, with severe (grade ≥ 3) toxicities typically reported in 5-15 % of patients, although one study reported 25 % lethal RILD in liver reirradiation.

CONCLUSION: Reirradiation in abdominal malignancies appears to be able to achieve meaningful local control and survival in select patients, though heterogeneity in planning, dosing, and toxicity reporting remains a major challenge for establishing best practices. Standardized reporting of doses, constraints, and dose-volume relationships are needed to guide safe and effective reirradiation in this setting.},
}

@article {pmid40894770,
year = {2025},
author = {Dadonaite, B and Harari, S and Larsen, BB and Kampman, L and Harteloo, A and Elias-Warren, A and Chu, HY and Bloom, JD},
title = {Spike mutations that affect the function and antigenicity of recent KP.3.1.1-like SARS-CoV-2 variants.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40894770},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is under strong evolutionary selection to acquire mutations in its spike protein that reduce neutralization by human polyclonal antibodies. Here we use pseudovirus-based deep mutational scanning to measure how mutations to the spike from the recent KP.3.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 strain affect cell entry, binding to ACE2 receptor, RBD up/down motion, and neutralization by human sera and clinically relevant antibodies. The spike mutations that most affect serum antibody neutralization sometimes differ between sera collected before versus after recent vaccination or infection, indicating these exposures shift the neutralization immunodominance hierarchy. The sites where mutations cause the greatest reduction in neutralization by post-vaccination or infection sera include receptor-binding domain (RBD) sites 475, 478 and 487, all of which have mutated in recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Multiple mutations outside the RBD affect sera neutralization as strongly as any RBD mutations by modulating RBD up/down movement. Some sites that affect RBD up/down movement have mutated in recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Finally, we measure how spike mutations affect neutralization by three clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: VYD222, BD55-1205, and SA55. Overall, these results illuminate the current constraints and pressures shaping SARS-CoV-2 evolution, and can help with efforts to forecast possible future antigenic changes that may impact vaccines or clinical antibodies.},
}

@article {pmid40892926,
year = {2025},
author = {Willcox, AC and Gobillot, TA and Kikawa, C and Baumgarten, NE and Stoddard, CI and Sung, K and Bhattacharya, T and Freeman, TS and Marceau, J and Humes, D and Overbaugh, J},
title = {Identification of AMOTL2 as an antiviral factor that enhances the human type I interferon response against Zika virus.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {36},
pages = {e2507955122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2507955122},
pmid = {40892926},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {T32 AI083203/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; F30 AI181359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; F30 AI142870/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Zika Virus/immunology/physiology ; *Interferon Type I/metabolism/immunology ; *Zika Virus Infection/immunology/virology/genetics ; Virus Replication ; Signal Transduction ; Angiomotins ; STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Animals ; Immunity, Innate ; Antigens, Differentiation ; },
abstract = {Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused multiple human outbreaks, with more recent epidemics associated with severe outcomes in infants. Today, ZIKV is endemic to many countries and presents a persistent threat for future epidemics. The host innate immune proteins that regulate ZIKV replication are incompletely defined. We developed a CRISPR knockout screen to identify host factors that impact ZIKV replication, resulting in the finding of angiomotin-like protein 2 (AMOTL2), a protein that inhibits ZIKV by regulating the host type I interferon (IFN) response. AMOTL2 affects IFN signaling by modulating STAT1 levels and activation in response to type I IFN. Thus, AMOTL2, which has largely been studied for its role in cancer, represents an antiviral protein that interacts with the IFN signaling pathway to promote downstream expression of IFN stimulated genes, resulting in restriction of ZIKV.},
}

Humans
*Zika Virus/immunology/physiology
*Interferon Type I/metabolism/immunology
*Zika Virus Infection/immunology/virology/genetics
Virus Replication
Signal Transduction
Angiomotins
STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics
HEK293 Cells
Animals
Immunity, Innate
Antigens, Differentiation

@article {pmid40892436,
year = {2025},
author = {Nguyen, E and Korolkova, A and Ahmed, A and Meanley, S and Dee, L and Hussain, M and Wan, F and Hoh, R and Rodriguez, A and Figueroa, T and Cohn, LB and Deeks, SG and Peluso, MJ and Eskaf, S and Sugarman, J and Sauceda, JA and Dubé, K},
title = {Participant Perspectives in an HIV Treatment Interruption Study in San Francisco, United States.},
journal = {AIDS research and human retroviruses},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1177/08892229251375470},
pmid = {40892436},
issn = {1931-8405},
support = {R01 MH126768/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {HIV cure-related clinical research studies often include analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs), in which participants pause antiretroviral treatment (ART). During ATIs, researchers closely monitor laboratory values and adverse events. We assessed and compared the perspectives of two distinct groups of participants: HIV noncontrollers and controllers in a San Francisco-based ATI study focused on identifying biomarkers predicting HIV viral rebound. Data were collected from 2021 to 2024 over five study time points to assess motivations, understanding of the study, decisional regret, and partner protections. All participants (n = 16) endorsed the goal of helping advance HIV research as a motivator, about half were also driven by interest in their body's response to the ATI, and some indicated monetary compensation as a key motivator. Most participants (6 of 10 noncontrollers and 4 of 6 controllers) did not view personal health benefit as a primary study goal. All understood the option for an extended ATI if they had not met ART restart criteria after 28 days. At the study's onset, all sexually active participants (n = 14) were informed about the risk of transmission to sex partners and the need for partner protections during ATIs. Among noncontrollers, 2 of 5 reported using condoms, being abstinent or partner use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) during sexual activity. Among controllers, 3 of 5 reported sexual activity: one with a partner on PrEP, one with a partner on ART, and one using other protection methods. Decisional regret about study participation, measured on a scale of 0-100, was low among both noncontrollers (range 1.67-13.57), and controllers (range 8.33-10) during the ATI, and remained low following it (noncontroller M = 5.07, SD = 4.52; controller M = 10.00, SD = 11.31). Participants generally understood the study, highlighted the need for partner protection support during ATI, and reported low decisional regret.},
}

@article {pmid40891586,
year = {2025},
author = {Velloza, J and Ortblad, KF and Kemp, CG},
title = {"Measuring the gap": advances and practical considerations in assessment of adoption, penetration, and sustainment of HIV prevention services.},
journal = {Current opinion in HIV and AIDS},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/COH.0000000000000979},
pmid = {40891586},
issn = {1746-6318},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Prior reviews have documented lack of consistency around implementation outcome measurement and gaps in assessing adoption, penetration or reach, and sustainment in HIV research. Our review sought to summarize approaches to measuring adoption, penetration, and sustainment in the HIV research literature, with a focus on the preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) field which is ripe for exploration as long-acting PrEP formulations become available and oral PrEP programs become increasingly sustained.

RECENT FINDINGS: Our literature search of adoption, penetration, and sustainment measurement in HIV research identified 250 manuscripts. We developed a conceptual heuristic of latent and manifest measures for HIV implementation research. Few PrEP studies measured adoption according to our heuristic and latent adoption measurements were often conflated with acceptability, while manifest measurements were conflated with penetration. Most PrEP studies measuring penetration focused on the client level, with fewer measuring penetration among organizations or providers. Sustainment measurement across studies was diverse and included mixed methods assessment at organization, provider, and client levels.

SUMMARY: Heterogeneity persists in operationalizing adoption, penetration, and sustainment. Future work is needed to develop and validate pragmatic and robust measures of these constructs that can be used in evolving HIV implementation contexts.},
}

@article {pmid40890722,
year = {2025},
author = {Henderson, V and Carnahan, L and Cohn, EB and Waite, AW and Mersha, T and Block, R and Kolpack, M and Sommers, J and Salum, K and Hoskins, KF and Nguyen, R},
title = {"The more I know, the more you know" Using culturally responsive marketing strategies to develop tools that increase awareness about clinical trials among Black communities.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {3003},
pmid = {40890722},
issn = {1471-2458},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Black or African American/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Cultural Competency ; Focus Groups ; *Marketing/methods ; Neoplasms/ethnology/therapy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ineffective dissemination of cancer research and information among the public contributes to cancer inequities. Dissemination rarely involves efforts to engage non-research audiences and end-users in developing effective messaging. Efforts to promote equity in clinical trial participation may benefit from marketing strategies traditionally applied in the business sector. Black Americans suffer the highest death rates from most cancers than any other race/ethnicity, yet only 5% of patients enrolled in cancer clinical trials are Black. Our team used a marketing strategy framework to create a culturally responsive public service announcement (PSA) video to increase awareness of clinical trials among Black audiences.

METHODS: We partnered with a marketing recruitment firm and a marketing agency to conduct six focus groups (n = 54) with social support networks of Black cancer survivors and Black community members. Maximum variation sampling was used to recruit a national sample of eligible participants that varied in age, education, geographic region, and gender. Focus groups were conducted over three phases that informed script development, script and storyline testing, and sought feedback on the PSA video post-production. We used the Marketing and Clinical Trials Reference Model to guide marketing strategies, data collection, video content development and production. We used rapid qualitative data analysis techniques to identify themes for each phase to guide PSA development.

RESULTS: Partnered with a film production company, we produced a 2-min PSA video that uses professional actors and storytelling and marketing techniques to describe clinical trials, provide relevant statistics, address barriers to participation expressed by participants, and provide credible resources to seek further information. We also produced 30 s and 60 s versions of the PSA to accommodate different marketing media outlets. Participants felt the videos were engaging and relatable and that the messaging was clear. The videos ignited meaningful discussions about clinical trial participation and motivated participants to share the information learned.

CONCLUSIONS: Using marketing communication strategies is a low-tech, pragmatic approach to effectively produce health information that is meaningful, can be tailored for specific audiences, and disseminated to broader audiences.},
}

Adult
Aged
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Black or African American/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*Clinical Trials as Topic
*Cultural Competency
Focus Groups
*Marketing/methods
Neoplasms/ethnology/therapy

@article {pmid40887511,
year = {2025},
author = {Cimino, PJ and Keiser, DJ and Parrish, AG and Holland, EC and Szulzewsky, F},
title = {C-terminal fusion partner activity contributes to the oncogenic functions of YAP1::TFE3.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {32013},
pmid = {40887511},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {R35 CA253119/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R35 CA253119-01A1//National Institutes of Health,United States/ ; U54 CA243125/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U54 CA243125/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA015704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; Start-up funds//University of Utah Department of Neurosurgery and Huntsman Cancer Institute/ ; },
mesh = {*Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/chemistry ; YAP-Signaling Proteins ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Protein Domains ; *Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {YAP1 gene fusions are found in a multitude of human tumors and are the likely tumor-initiating events in these tumors. We have previously shown that YAP1 fusion proteins exert TEAD-dependent oncogenic YAP1 activity. However, the contributions of the C-terminal fusion partners to the oncogenic functions of YAP1 fusion proteins are understudied. Here, we expressed eight different YAP1 gene fusions in vivo. Tumors induced by YAP1::TFE3 displayed a significantly different histomorphology compared to tumors induced by other YAP1 fusions or activated non-fusion YAP1. To assess the extent to which TFE3 activity and the functional TFE3 domains (DNA binding: leucine zipper (LZ) and basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH); activation domain (AD)) contribute to the oncogenic functions of YAP1::TFE3, we generated several mutant variants and performed functional in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro, mutation or deletion of the TFE3 DNA binding domains (LZ, bHLH) resulted in reduced TFE3 activity but increased YAP1 activity of YAP1::TFE3. In vivo, deletion of the LZ and bHLH domains did not result in a decrease in tumor incidence but induced the formation of more YAP1-like tumors that lacked prominent features of YAP1::TFE3-driven tumors. By contrast, loss of the TFE3 AD almost completely abrogated tumor formation. Our results suggest that the TFE3 domains significantly contribute to the oncogenic activity of YAP1::TFE3.},
}

*Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/chemistry
YAP-Signaling Proteins
Humans
Animals
Mice
*Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism
*Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
*Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
Carcinogenesis/genetics
Protein Domains
*Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid40889272,
year = {2025},
author = {Kazemian, E and Mo, Q and Matejcic, M and Tsai, YY and Sobieski, D and Li, X and Hoogland, AI and Crowder, SL and Gonzalez, BD and Oswald, LB and Sleight, AG and Nguyen, N and Loroña, NC and Damerell, V and Komrokji, KR and Mooney, K and Playdon, MC and Ulrich, CM and Li, CI and Shibata, D and Toriola, AT and Ose, J and Peoples, AR and Hardikar, S and Kahlert, C and Siegel, EM and Bower, JE and Schmit, SL and Gigic, B and Jim, HSL and Figueiredo, JC},
title = {Genetic predisposition to persistent fatigue after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jnci/djaf140},
pmid = {40889272},
issn = {1460-2105},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue (fatigue) is a common and persistent symptom after cancer treatment, yet the role of genetic susceptibility remains unclear.

METHODS: We leveraged data from a prospective cohort study, ColoCare Study (ie, five U.S. sites and Germany). Fatigue was assessed at five timepoints using the EORTC QLQ-C30 fatigue subscale and analyzed as (1) a binary summary measure of the trajectory from diagnosis into survivorship (defined as severe: yes, no), (2) a mean score across all time points, and (3) the highest (ie, worst) score across all time points. We genotyped samples using Infinium Global Diversity Array with imputation using the TOPMed reference panel to conduct a genome-wide analysis (GWAS). SuSiE was used to identify independent secondary signals. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) using S-PrediXcan and MultiXcan were conducted to examine genetic regulation of gene expression. COLOC assessed whether variants identified in the GWAS influence gene expression through colocalization analysis.

RESULTS: Among 1,219 participants, 31.0% experienced severe fatigue over the course of their diagnosis. A locus near LINC02505 on chromosome 4 was associated with severe fatigue (rs6531463, OR = 3.25, p = 3.88 × 10-8). When modeling mean fatigue levels, significantly associated variants were identified in or near NEK10 and SLC4A7. Integrative analyses linked the predicted expression of NEK10 in liver tissue to risk of fatigue (p < 4.36 × 10-6). Colocalization analysis identified genetic loci and gene expression near NEK10 (posterior probabilities > 0.9).

CONCLUSIONS: This study identified novel genetic loci associated with fatigue in CRC patients and may be useful for identifying high-risk individuals for preventative strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40888442,
year = {2025},
author = {Grivas, P and Tagawa, ST and Jain, RK and Bupathi, M and Balar, A and Rezazadeh Kalebasty, A and George, S and Palmbos, P and Nordquist, L and Petrylak, DP and Davis, N and Sternberg, CN and Agarwal, N and Park, C and Tonelli, J and Zhou, H and Bangs, R and Loriot, Y},
title = {A plain language summary of the TROPHY-U-01 study (Cohort 2): use of sacituzumab govitecan after immunotherapy in people with metastatic urothelial cancer who cannot take cisplatin-based chemotherapy.},
journal = {Future oncology (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/14796694.2025.2548757},
pmid = {40888442},
issn = {1744-8301},
}

@article {pmid40886051,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, R and Gagliano Taliun, SA and Liao, K and Flickinger, M and Sobell, JL and Genovese, G and Locke, AE and Chiu, RR and LeFaive, J and Wang, J and Martins, T and Chapman, S and Neumann, A and Handsaker, RE and Arnett, DK and Barnes, KC and Boerwinkle, E and Braff, D and Cade, BE and Fornage, M and Gibbs, RA and Hoth, KF and Hou, L and Kooperberg, C and Loos, RJF and Metcalf, GA and Montgomery, CG and Morrison, AC and Qin, ZS and Redline, S and Reiner, AP and Rich, SS and Rotter, JI and Taylor, KD and Viaud-Martinez, KA and , and , and Bigdeli, TB and Gabriel, S and Zollner, S and Smith, AV and Abecasis, G and McCarroll, S and Pato, MT and Pato, CN and Boehnke, M and Knowles, J and Kang, HM and Ophoff, RA and Ernst, J and Scott, LJ},
title = {Whole genome sequence-based association analysis of African American individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.},
journal = {HGG advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100499},
doi = {10.1016/j.xhgg.2025.100499},
pmid = {40886051},
issn = {2666-2477},
abstract = {In studies of individuals of primarily European genetic ancestry, common and low- frequency variants and rare coding variants have been found to be associated with the risk of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). However, less is known for individuals of other genetic ancestries or the role of rare non-coding variants in BD and SZ risk. We performed whole genome sequencing (∼27X) of African American individuals: 1,598 with BD, 3,295 with SZ, and 2,651 unaffected controls (InPSYght study). We increased power by incorporating 14,812 jointly called psychiatrically unscreened ancestry-matched controls from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program for a total of 17,463 controls (∼37X). To identify variants and sets of variants associated with BD and/or SZ, we performed single-variant tests, gene-based tests for singleton protein truncating variants, and rare and low-frequency variant annotation-based tests with conservation and universal chromatin states and sliding windows. We found suggestive evidence of BD association with single-variants on chromosome 18 and of lower BD risk associated with rare and low-frequency variants on chromosome 11 in a region with multiple BD GWAS loci, using a sliding window approach. We also found that chromatin and conservation state tests can be used to detect differential calling of variants in controls sequenced at different centers and to assess the effectiveness of sequencing metric covariate adjustments. Our findings reinforce the need for continued whole genome sequencing in additional samples of African American individuals and more comprehensive functional annotation of non-coding variants.},
}

@article {pmid40885199,
year = {2025},
author = {Necchi, A and Guerrero-Ramos, F and Crispen, PL and Herrera-Imbroda, B and Garje, R and Powles, T and Peyton, CC and Pradere, B and Ku, JH and Shore, N and Bögemann, M and Preston, MA and Xylinas, E and Sanchez de Llano, C and Hasan, M and Stitou, H and Bhanvadia, S and Sweiti, H and Psutka, SP},
title = {TAR-200 plus cetrelimab versus cetrelimab monotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who are ineligible for or decline neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (SunRISe-4): interim analysis of a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial.},
journal = {The Lancet. Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00358-4},
pmid = {40885199},
issn = {1474-5488},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Effective treatments are needed for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer scheduled for radical cystectomy who are ineligible for or decline to receive neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate neoadjuvant TAR-200 plus cetrelimab (anti-PD-1) versus cetrelimab monotherapy in this setting.

METHODS: SunRISe-4 is a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial being conducted at 109 investigative centres in ten countries worldwide. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, were newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stage cT2-cT4 N0M0), had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, were scheduled to undergo radical cystectomy, and were deemed ineligible for or declined platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned (5:3) in blocks of eight using an interactive web response system to receive four cycles of intravesical TAR-200 (225 mg gemcitabine) plus intravenous cetrelimab (360 mg) every 21 days or four cycles of intravenous cetrelimab (360 mg) monotherapy every 21 days. Randomisation was stratified by results of transurethral resection of bladder tumour (visibly complete vs incomplete and ≤3 cm) and tumour stage (cT2 vs cT3-4a at initial diagnosis). The primary endpoint was centrally confirmed pathological complete response in the efficacy-evaluable set. As this was a prespecified interim analysis and all patients had not completed treatment, efficacy-evaluable set was defined as all patients who had radical cystectomy or progressive disease or death before radical cystectomy. Safety was analysed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04919512, and is ongoing.

FINDINGS: From July 7, 2022, to May 31, 2024, 196 patients were assessed for eligibility and 122 were randomly assigned (TAR-200 plus cetrelimab n=80, cetrelimab monotherapy n=42). 120 patients received at least one dose of study drug. Mean age was 70·7 years (SD 7·9); 102 (85%) participants were male, 18 (15%) were female, 81 (68%) were White, 28 (23%) were Asian, and 11 (9%) were other races. In the efficacy-evaluable set (TAR-200 plus cetrelimab n=53, cetrelimab monotherapy n=31), at a median follow up of 23·5 weeks (IQR 8·6-42·0), pathological complete response rates were 42% (22 of 53 patients; 95% CI 28-56) in the TAR-200 plus cetrelimab cohort and 23% (seven of 31 patients; 10-41) in the cetrelimab monotherapy cohort. In the safety set, at a median follow-up of 10·2 weeks (IQR 1·1-36·9), treatment-related adverse events occurred in 57 (72%) of 79 patients in the TAR-200 plus cetrelimab cohort and in 18 (44%) of 41 patients in the cetrelimab monotherapy cohort. Grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events occurred in nine (11%) patients in the TAR-200 plus cetrelimab cohort and two (5%) in the cetrelimab monotherapy cohort, the most common being haematuria (two [3%] in the TAR-200 plus cetrelimab cohort). Serious treatment-related adverse events occurred in nine (11%) patients in the TAR-200 plus cetrelimab cohort and one (2%) patient in the cetrelimab monotherapy cohort. In the TAR-200 plus cetrelimab cohort, seven (9%) patients had treatment-related adverse events leading to discontinuation of TAR-200 and six (8%) had treatment-related adverse events leading to discontinuation of cetrelimab; there were no treatment related deaths. In the cetrelimab monotherapy cohort, no patients discontinued due to treatment-related adverse events; there was one death from a treatment-related adverse event due to hyperglycaemic, hyperosmolar, non-ketotic syndrome.

INTERPRETATION: Neoadjuvant TAR-200 plus cetrelimab showed a high pathological complete response rate with a manageable safety profile. These results support continued investigation of TAR-200 in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer planned for radical cystectomy.

FUNDING: Johnson & Johnson.},
}

@article {pmid40885198,
year = {2025},
author = {von Lilienfeld-Toal, M and Khawaja, F and Compagno, F and Robin, C and Piñana, JL and Cesaro, S and Einsele, H and Ljungman, P and Navarro, D and Boeckh, M and Chemaly, RF and Hirsch, HH},
title = {Community-acquired respiratory virus infections in patients with haematological malignancies or undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation: updated recommendations from the 10th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia.},
journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00365-2},
pmid = {40885198},
issn = {1474-4457},
abstract = {To update recommendations of the 4th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-4) on community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infections published in 2013, we reviewed publications from between Jan 1, 2014, and June 30, 2024 on adenovirus, bocavirus, coronavirus, influenzavirus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenzavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus in patients with haematological malignancies or undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), or both. In the current ECIL recommendations (ECIL-10), we outline a common approach to infection control, laboratory testing, and diagnosis for all CARVs (including SARS-CoV-2) and specific management and deferral strategies for CARVs other than SARS-CoV-2. For influenzavirus, seasonal inactivated-vaccines and early antivirals are recommended, whereas routine antiviral prophylaxis is discouraged for immunocompromised patients. For RSV, licensed vaccines can be considered according to local approval, despite scarce evidence for patients with haematological malignancies and those undergoing HCT. Passive immunisation with palivizumab or nirsevimab is recommended for children younger than 2 years, but data are insufficient for pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis, or treatment of older children and adults. Oral ribavirin or intravenous immunoglobulins, or a combination of the two, are recommended for patients undergoing HCT with severe immunodeficiency scores. For other CARVs, recommendations include only supportive care, improving immune functions, correcting hypogammaglobulinaemia, and judicious lowering of corticosteroids. We highlight unmet needs in immunisation and antivirals for reducing CARV-associated morbidity and mortality in patients with haematological malignancies and those undergoing HCT.},
}

@article {pmid40884510,
year = {2025},
author = {Bhole, S and Grimm, LJ and Parikh, JR and Dontchos, BN and Reig, B and Jacobs, SA and Coffey, K and Dashevsky, BZ and Mullen, LA and Daly, C and Dodelzon, K},
title = {Breast Imaging Staffing Shortages: Defining the Problem and Addressing Root Causes.},
journal = {Journal of breast imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jbi/wbaf031},
pmid = {40884510},
issn = {2631-6129},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the current perceptions of breast imaging staffing shortages and contributing factors among breast imaging radiologists.

METHODS: A survey assessing current perception of breast radiologists regarding breast imaging-specific staffing shortages and contributing factors was developed by the Patient Care and Delivery Committee of the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) and emailed to SBI active physician members. Bivariable analysis (chi-squared, t test) was performed between the survey demographics and survey response questions of interest.

RESULTS: There were 309 responses (response rate of 15.7%). Most respondents perceived their practices to be short-staffed for breast radiologists (79%, 239/302), US technologists (74%, 216/290), mammography technologists (70%, 211/301), and support staff (66%, 201/302). Of the respondents who indicated they were short-staffed for breast imaging radiologists, 92% (226/246) believed it was due to insufficient number of radiologists, 67% (164/246) thought it was due to increase in volume, and 63% (154/246) attributed it to both increase in volume and insufficient number of breast imaging radiologists. Practices were more likely to be short-staffed if they had more practice sites (mean, 8.2 ± 7.1 vs 6.4 ± 8.4; P = .002), had fewer breast imaging radiologists (mean, 10.1 ± 9.6 vs 11.3 ± 11.5; P = .009), and were academic practices (35.1% vs 25.7%; P = .028).

CONCLUSIONS: Most breast imaging radiologists perceive their current breast imaging practices to be short-staffed for radiologists, mammography technologists, US technologists, and support staff. Understanding contributing factors is crucial to addressing root causes and mitigating impact on patient care and burnout across breast imaging team members.},
}

@article {pmid40884418,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, N and Panch, S and Mepani, K and Stanworth, S and Bonet-Bub, C and Gragert, L and Menard, V and Mangiola, M and Maiers, M and Berka, N},
title = {"Epitope-based matching for platelet transfusion overview: Is it time?"-Insights and future directions from the 2024 American Red Cross symposium on platelet component selection.},
journal = {Transfusion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/trf.18392},
pmid = {40884418},
issn = {1537-2995},
}

@article {pmid40883483,
year = {2025},
author = {Urgessa, F and Jenkins, I and Tsegaye, A and Nigussie, H and Kuru, T and Gebremedhin, A and Abdela, F and Tadesse, F and Radich, J},
title = {MicroRNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers among chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {31844},
pmid = {40883483},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {P30 CA015704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics/drug therapy/diagnosis/blood ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/blood ; Male ; Female ; Ethiopia ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Adolescent ; },
abstract = {Approximately 1.5 million people worldwide suffer from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). MicroRNAs (miRs) are important regulators of gene expression and offer an attractive option as biomarkers for cancer detection, diagnosis, and prognosis assessment in solid and liquid tumors. To assess miRs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers among CML patients at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from April 2021 to May 2023. Blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed CML patients before initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib treatment, and while on therapy. The expression level of miRs were determined using the NanoString platform. LIMMA analysis was used to identify differentially expressed miR between TKI response groups and disease phases. Fifty-two study participants were enrolled in the study. From each sample, 798 hsa-miRs included on the Nanostring assay were measured. Comparing TKI naive new CML patients (n = 14) with those progressed or had blast crisis (BC) on TKI therapy (n = 12), 97 miRs were differentially expressed (|log2FC|, FDR, and P-value at > 1, < 0.001, and < 0.0001, respectively). Most miRs showed upregulation in BC CML patients compared to new CML cases except miR-223-3p, miR-4454, miR-7975, and miR-630 which were downregulated in patients with BC. In addition, eight miRs were differentially expressed comparing poor molecular responder (n = 12) with good molecular responder (n = 28) patients (P < 0.05). MiR-223-3p, miR-4454, miR-7975, and miR-630 were commonly deregulated in BC and poor molecular response groups. MiRs have significant potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for CML patients. MiR-223-3p, miR-4454, miR-7975 and miR-630 could be considered as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for disease progression and treatment response if validated by other large studies.},
}

Humans
*Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics/drug therapy/diagnosis/blood
*MicroRNAs/genetics/blood
Male
Female
Ethiopia
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood
Adult
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Young Adult
Aged
Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
Adolescent

@article {pmid40879331,
year = {2025},
author = {Sung, K and Johnson, MM and Dumm, W and Simon, N and Haddox, H and Fukuyama, J and Matsen, FA},
title = {Thrifty wide-context models of B cell receptor somatic hypermutation.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40879331},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {2919.02//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation/ ; S10 OD028685/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI146028/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; S10OD028685/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; PHY-2309135//National Science Foundation/ ; R01-AI146028/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin ; *Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Somatic hypermutation (SHM) is the diversity-generating process in antibody affinity maturation. Probabilistic models of SHM are needed for analyzing rare mutations, understanding the selective forces guiding affinity maturation, and understanding the underlying biochemical process. High-throughput data offers the potential to develop and fit models of SHM on relevant data sets. In this article, we model SHM using modern frameworks. We are motivated by recent work suggesting the importance of a wider context for SHM; however, assigning an independent rate to each k-mer leads to an exponential proliferation of parameters. Thus, using convolutions on 3-mer embeddings, we develop 'thrifty' models of SHM of various sizes; these can have fewer free parameters than a 5-mer model and yet have a significantly wider context. These offer a slight performance improvement over a 5-mer model, and other modern model elaborations worsen performance. We also find that a per-site effect is not necessary to explain SHM patterns given nucleotide context. Also, the two current methods for fitting an SHM model-on out-of-frame sequence data and on synonymous mutations-produce significantly different results, and augmenting out-of-frame data with synonymous mutations does not aid out-of-sample performance.},
}

*Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
*Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
Humans

@article {pmid40880210,
year = {2025},
author = {Dahlberg, A and Milano, F},
title = {Targeted GVL through HLA mismatch in double cord blood transplant.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {9},
number = {17},
pages = {4470-4471},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016876},
pmid = {40880210},
issn = {2473-9537},
}

@article {pmid40832168,
year = {2025},
author = {Mout, L and Moreno-Rodriguez, T and Grillo, G and Nand, A and Keshavarzian, T and Bahl, S and Kang, K and Bootsma, M and Minnee, E and Zhou, S and Burns, KH and Corey, E and Nelson, P and Dehm, SM and Zhao, SG and Zwart, W and Feng, F and Quigley, D and Lupien, M},
title = {Genetic and Epigenetic Reprogramming of Transposable Elements Drives ecDNA-Mediated Metastatic Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40832168},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {P50 CA275741/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA174777/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P50 CA097186/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA276112/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01 CA163227/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; UG3 NS132127/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA289390/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA240816/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs), which replicate and segregate in a non-Mendelian manner, serve as vectors for accelerated tumor evolution. By integrating chromatin accessibility, whole-genome sequencing, and Hi-C-based genome topology data from a cohort of metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) cases, we show that epigenetically activated repeat DNA, amplified in ecDNAs, drive oncogene overexpression. Specifically, we identify a subgroup of mCRPCs (20%) characterized by clusters of accessible LINE1 repeat DNA elements flanking the androgen receptor (AR) gene. These LINE1 elements are co-amplified with AR and provide binding sites for prostate-lineage transcription factors, including AR, FOXA1 and HOXB13. Accessible LINE1 elements establish novel 3D chromatin interactions with the AR gene, forging a new regulatory plexus driving AR overexpression and confers resistance to androgen signaling inhibitors. Our findings indicate how tumor evolution is driven by the convergence of genetic and epigenetic alterations on repeat DNA, activating and amplifying them to allow oncogene overexpression.},
}

@article {pmid40832049,
year = {2025},
author = {Ralph, DK and Bakis, AG and Galloway, J and Vora, AA and Araki, T and Victora, GD and Song, YS and DeWitt, WS and Matsen, FA},
title = {Inference of germinal center evolutionary dynamics via simulation-based deep learning.},
journal = {ArXiv},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40832049},
issn = {2331-8422},
support = {U01 AI150747/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI146028/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R56 HG013117/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HG013117/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD028685/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {B cells and the antibodies they produce are vital to health and survival, motivating research on the details of the mutational and evolutionary processes in the germinal centers (GCs) from which mature B cells arise. It is known that B cells with higher affinity for their cognate antigen (Ag) will, on average, tend to have more offspring. However the exact form of this relationship between affinity and fecundity, which we call the "affinity-fitness response function", is not known. Here we use deep learning and simulation-based inference to learn this function from a unique experiment that replays a particular combination of GC conditions many times. All code is freely available at https://github.com/matsengrp/gcdyn, while datasets and inference results can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15022130.},
}

@article {pmid40879300,
year = {2025},
author = {Nieto, C and Kadan-Lottick, NS and Ross, WL and Santiago-Rivera, Y and Sandbo, C and Hild, M and Bryant, S and Barnhorst, M and Appel, B and Mendoza, JA},
title = {Increasing Physical Activity in Children During Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Study of Parents' Perspectives.},
journal = {Pediatric blood & cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e31961},
doi = {10.1002/pbc.31961},
pmid = {40879300},
issn = {1545-5017},
support = {//Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center/ ; //Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/ ; },
abstract = {This qualitative study explored barriers, facilitators, and preferences for promoting physical activity (PA) in children undergoing cancer therapy by interviewing 36 parents of children aged 4-15 years, on-therapy or less than 1 year post-therapy at three hospitals. Key barriers included safety concerns, risk of infection, and treatment side effects. Facilitators included social support and oncologist recommendations for PA. Parents preferred interventions that were flexible, varied, gamified, low-burden, and tailored to the child. Parents also expressed a desire for family involvement, connection to other parents, online social media groups, and activity trackers. These findings can inform PA interventions for children undergoing cancer therapy.},
}

@article {pmid40876913,
year = {2025},
author = {Sandmaier, BM},
title = {Profile of a Pioneer: Rainer F. Storb.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {599-604},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2025.08.001},
pmid = {40876913},
issn = {2666-6367},
}

@article {pmid40875889,
year = {2025},
author = {Boothby, AB and Ruiz Lopez, JN and Hegerova, L and Manogna, D and Chintapatla, R and Harris, S and Teramura, G and Tirschwell, DL and Taylor, B and Keel, SB},
title = {Addition of ADAMTS13 Testing to Cryptogenic Stroke Evaluation: Index Case and Single-Center Screening Initial Experience.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025017702},
pmid = {40875889},
issn = {2473-9537},
}

@article {pmid40875887,
year = {2025},
author = {Galarza Fortuna, GM and Peres, LC and Nazarenko, E and De Menezes Silva Corraes, A and Hovanky, V and Shune, L and McGuirk, JP and de Avila, G and Khouri, J and Dima, D and Gaballa, MR and Dhakal, B and Forsberg, PA and Godara, A and Afrough, A and Anderson, LD and Herr, MM and Davis, JA and Mann, H and Purvey, S and Clark, WB and Htut, MM and Beitinjaneh, AM and Pereira, DL and Kocoglu, M and Ferreri, CJ and Atrash, S and Voorhees, PM and Rossi, AC and Richard, S and Hashmi, H and Patel, KK and Sidana, S and Lin, Y and Hansen, DK and Sborov, DW},
title = {Safety and Efficacy of BCMA directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Plasma Cell Leukemia.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016966},
pmid = {40875887},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Despite significant therapeutic advances in multiple myeloma (MM), outcomes in patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) remain dismal. We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with PCL treated with the B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)-directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) products idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel). We identified 34 patients, 19 patients received ide-cel and 15 received cilta-cel. With a median follow-up of 11.9 months, the overall median progression free survival (mPFS) was 9.0 months (95% CI 4-15 months) and the median overall survival (mOS) was 13.0 months (95% CI 8-not estimable (NE) months). The 1-year cumulative incidence of progression or death was 72% and the 1-year cumulative incidence of death was 47%. Patients receiving cilta-cel had a longer mPFS (19.0 months vs 6.0 months) and mOS (>23 months (NE) vs 9.0 months) compared to those treated with ide-cel. Similarly, the 1-year cumulative incidence of disease progression or death was 37.5% (95% CI 17.4%-68.5%) with cilta-cel, while all patients treated with ide-cel progressed or died within 12 months of infusion. Rates of hematological and non-hematological toxicities were similar between those patients treated with cilta-cel and ide-cel and consistent with those reported in patients with MM. In this first multicenter study evaluating patients with PCL treated with standard of care CAR-T products, we show that CAR-T is safe, feasible, and associated with improved outcomes compared to historical standards.},
}

@article {pmid40875591,
year = {2025},
author = {Hall, K and Lazaryan, A and Der Laan, MV and Lee, CJ and Logan, AC and Gruber, S and Kabadi, S and Khan, I and Nicholls, C and Rota, LM and Nikai, E and Ponomareva, E and Koumas, A and Waller, EK},
title = {Efficacy and Safety of Belumosudil as Compared with Best Available Therapy for the Treatment of cGVHD in the US.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025015832},
pmid = {40875591},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Belumosudil was FDA-approved in the United States (US) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) based on a randomized phase II trial comparing two belumosudil doses. The efficacy and safety of belumosudil versus the best available therapy (BAT) have not been studied. Applying rigorous statistical methodology to real-world data, this study estimated the efficacy of belumosudil versus BAT in cGVHD patients whose disease failed to respond to 2-5 prior lines of therapy (LOTs). Retrospective data between March 2015 and 2024 was collected across 8 US sites on 196 patients contributing 113 belumosudil and 245 BAT LOTs. The primary outcome was 6-month overall response rate (ORR), defined as the proportion of complete or partial responses based on 2014 NIH consensus criteria, physician assessment, or corticosteroid dose taper of ≥ 50% without cGVHD progression. Death, relapse, and beginning a new LOT were considered a lack of response. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) was used to estimate the 6-month ORR following belumosudil versus BAT (38.7% versus 26.8%, respectively, or 44.2% improvement with belumosudil (one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI): [4.4%, ∞); p: 0.031)). TMLE was also used to estimate 1-year failure-free survival (FFS) when treated with belumosudil (61.2%) or BAT (47.8%), a 13.5% difference (95% CI: [1.5%, 100.0%), p: 0.032). Descriptive assessment of safety showed adverse events recorded in 27% of belumosudil and 36% of BAT LOTs. Findings demonstrated that belumosudil improved clinical outcomes versus BAT in cGVHD patients with 2-5 prior LOTs, and safety was consistent with belumosudil's established profile.},
}

@article {pmid40870354,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, Z and Li, T and You, J and Balakrishnan, N},
title = {Varying-Coefficient Additive Models with Density Responses and Functional Auto-Regressive Error Process.},
journal = {Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40870354},
issn = {1099-4300},
support = {21YJA910001//Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China/ ; 11971291//National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; },
abstract = {In many practical applications, data collected over time often exhibit autocorrelation, which, if unaccounted for, can lead to biased or misleading statistical inferences. To address this issue, we propose a varying-coefficient additive model for density-valued responses, incorporating a functional auto-regressive (FAR) error process to capture serial dependence. Our estimation procedure consists of three main steps, utilizing spline-based methods after mapping density functions into a linear space via the log-quantile density transformation. First, we obtain initial estimates of the bivariate varying-coefficient functions using a B-spline series approximation. Second, we estimate the error process from the residuals using spline smoothing techniques. Finally, we refine the estimates of the additive components by adjusting for the estimated error process. We establish theoretical properties of the proposed method, including convergence rates and asymptotic behavior. The effectiveness of our approach is further demonstrated through simulation studies and applications to real-world data.},
}

@article {pmid40875480,
year = {2025},
author = {Friedland, BA and Browne, EN and Roberts, ST and Ngure, K and Nakalega, R and Macdonald, P and Mpongo, CN and Tenza, S and Mhlanga, N and Szydlo, D and Johnson, S and McClure, T and Nair, G and Celum, C and Hillier, S and van der Straten, A and , },
title = {Higher acceptability of the monthly dapivirine ring versus daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa in the REACH trial.},
journal = {Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/QAI.0000000000003756},
pmid = {40875480},
issn = {1944-7884},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for HIV prevention, yet use has been inconsistent in adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). We compared PrEP to the dapivirine vaginal ring (ring) among AGYW in MTN-034 (REACH).

METHODS: We randomized 247 16-21-yr-old AGYW (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) to the sequence of using the ring and oral PrEP for 6m each (February 2019-September 2021). Participants rated overall product acceptability (1, dislike very much to 5, like very much) after 3m and 6m, and product characteristics/use attributes after 3m. We compared proportions of participants rating each product a "5" (binomial model with generalized estimating equations). We assessed associations between product characteristics/use attribute ratings at 3m and overall acceptability after 6m (Chi-square).

RESULTS: 65% and 41% of participants rated the ring versus PrEP a "5" (adjusted risk difference [aRD] 24%, 95% CI: 15%, 32%; p<0.001). For both products, high overall acceptability was associated with "excellent" self-rated adherence (ring, p< 0.001; PrEP, p = 0.03), product appearance (ring, p = 0.005; PrEP, p < 0.001), and ease of use (ring, p = 0.001; PrEP, p = 0.003). Not worrying about/or experiencing side effects were also associated with high acceptability of oral PREP.

CONCLUSIONS: The dapivirine ring was highly acceptable to substantially more individuals than oral PrEP, although a significant minority rated oral PrEP highly, even after using the ring. As has been found in the contraceptive field, offering AGYW a choice of PrEP products is likely to increase the use of any HIV prevention method in this vulnerable population.},
}

@article {pmid40873297,
year = {2025},
author = {Duong, VA and Pan, E and Dabral, P and Utzschneider, KM and Lampe, JW and Chen, R and A J Hullar, M},
title = {Metaproteomic Analysis to Assess the Impact of Storage Media on Human Gut Microbiome in Fecal Samples.},
journal = {Proteomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70035},
doi = {10.1002/pmic.70035},
pmid = {40873297},
issn = {1615-9861},
support = {R01CA211892//National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; R01CA276173//National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
abstract = {The human gut microbiome is a diverse community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract. The storage condition of fecal samples may impact the taxonomic and protein compositions of microbiomes in these samples. Here, we performed a mass spectrometry-based metaproteomic study to assess the impact of storage media on human gut microbiome in fecal samples. We evaluated FDA-authorized OMNIgene·GUT (OG), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and RNALater (RNAL) buffers and identified 38,185 microbial peptides corresponding to 7348 microbial proteins, which matched 16 phyla, 20 classes, 50 orders, 104 families, 332 genera, and 453 species. We found a high similarity among the fecal microbiomes preserved in OG, PBS, and RNAL in terms of the identification of proteins, taxa, and functional annotations. Both alpha and beta diversity suggested the high similarity among samples stored in the three media. Nonetheless, we also found some notable differences among buffers regarding the abundances of a few taxon groups. A partial human proteome (over 400 proteins) was identified in the fecal samples, with most of these proteins associated with the membrane and extracellular regions. The findings indicate the similarity among microbiomes in the fecal samples stored in OG, PBS, and RNAL regarding proteome profile, taxa, and functional capacity. SUMMARY: This study thoroughly analyzed and compared the metaproteomes of fecal samples preserved at -80°C in PBS, RNALater, and OMNIgene·GUT Dx buffers, offering novel insights into the effectiveness of these buffers in maintaining the stability and composition of the human gut microbiome. We found a high similarity in the identification and quantification of proteins, taxa, and functional annotations across the three buffers, with notable quantitative differences highlighting subtle yet important variations in preservation efficacy. The unique datasets and findings could offer valuable revelations into the impact of fecal sample preservation on translational and clinical analyses of the human gut microbiome.},
}

@article {pmid40867077,
year = {2025},
author = {Ebadi, M and Reddi, S and Senyshyn, L and Minot, SS and Gooley, T and Kabage, AJ and Lee, SJ and Hill, GR and Khoruts, A and Rashidi, A},
title = {Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on gut microbiota functional profile in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {2551882},
pmid = {40867077},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Adult ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Feces/microbiology ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Intestinal dysbiosis has been associated with both the effectiveness and toxicity of immunotherapy in cancer patients, inspiring multiple trials investigating fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in these patients. FMT restores microbial community structures damaged by antibiotics and enriches the microbiota with beneficial bacteria. However, the precise mechanism through which FMT exerts its effects and provides clinical benefits remains incompletely understood. Efforts to date have primarily focused on characterizing taxonomic changes following FMT. We hypothesized that FMT may also modify the functional pathways and metabolic capabilities of the gut microbiota, with possible clinical impact. To investigate this, we conducted a study involving 17 patients with blood disorders who received prophylactic FMT from one of the three healthy donors shortly after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). By analyzing shotgun metagenomic profiles of the baseline, pre-FMT, and post-FMT gut microbiota, we demonstrate that FMT effectively restored pathways that had been depleted following HCT. However, it did not significantly reduce pathways that had expanded, indicating that FMT operates primarily through a restorative mechanism, reestablishing lost functional capabilities in the microbiota rather than suppressing overactive pathways. These findings highlight the potential for optimizing FMT protocols and identifying patient populations where FMT may be particularly beneficial.},
}

Humans
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
*Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Male
Middle Aged
Female
Adult
Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism
*Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology
Transplantation, Homologous
Feces/microbiology
Aged

@article {pmid40864714,
year = {2025},
author = {Craig, E and Keyes, TJ and Sarno, J and D'Silva, JP and Domizi, P and Zaslavsky, M and Tsai, A and Glass, D and Nolan, GP and Hastie, T and Tibshirani, R and Davis, KL},
title = {Annotation-free discovery of disease-relevant cells in single-cell datasets.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {35},
pages = {eadv5019},
pmid = {40864714},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Humans ; *Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; *Leukemia/pathology ; Neoplasm, Residual/pathology ; Algorithms ; },
abstract = {In single-cell datasets, patient labels indicating disease status (e.g., "sick" or "not sick") are typically available, but individual cell labels indicating which of a patient's cells are associated with their disease state are generally unknown. To address this, we introduce mixture modeling for multiple-instance learning (MMIL), an expectation-maximization approach that trains cell-level binary classifiers using only patient-level labels. Applied to primary samples from patients with acute leukemia, MMIL accurately separates leukemia from nonleukemia baseline cells, including rare minimal residual disease (MRD) cells; generalizes across tissues and treatment time points; and identifies biologically relevant features with accuracy approaching that of a hematopathologist. MMIL can also incorporate cell labels when they are available, creating a robust framework for leveraging both labeled and unlabeled cells. MMIL provides a flexible modeling framework for cell classification, especially in scenarios with unknown gold-standard cell labels.},
}

Humans
*Single-Cell Analysis/methods
*Leukemia/pathology
Neoplasm, Residual/pathology
Algorithms

@article {pmid40864016,
year = {2025},
author = {Ezzat, D and Uddin, MM and Xue, L and Pershad, Y and Zhang, S and Collins, JM and Kitzman, JO and Jaiswal, S and Desai, P and Kooperberg, C and Bick, AG and Natarajan, P and Manson, JE and Whitsel, EA and Reiner, AP and Honigberg, MC},
title = {Clonal Hematopoiesis and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Women.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2025.07.058},
pmid = {40864016},
issn = {1558-3597},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an emerging aging-related risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, previous studies suggest that CHIP's relevance to CVD may diminish with advancing age.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to test the association of CHIP and its key subtypes with incident CVD in an older population.

METHODS: Participants in the Women's Health Initiative Long Life Study completed study assessments in 2012-2013 and underwent high-coverage sequencing (median depth 4,580×). The co-primary exposures were composite CHIP and TET2 CHIP. DNMT3A, ASXL1, JAK2, and non-DNMT3A CHIP were examined as secondary exposures. The primary outcome was incident coronary heart disease. Secondary outcomes were incident heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism, and cardiovascular death. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models tested associations between CHIP and incident CVD.

RESULTS: Among 6,677 women (median age 80 years; median follow-up 10.1 years), 2,176 (32.6%) had any CHIP. TET2 CHIP was independently associated with incident coronary heart disease (aHR: 1.36 [95% CI: 1.05-1.77]; P = 0.02), whereas composite CHIP was not (aHR: 1.07 [95% CI: 0.89-1.28]; P = 0.49). Secondarily, TET2 CHIP was associated with HFpEF (aHR: 1.40 [95% CI: 1.03-1.90]; P = 0.03), ASXL1 CHIP with HFrEF (aHR: 3.16 [95% CI: 1.53-6.55]; P = 0.002), and JAK2 CHIP with ischemic stroke (aHR: 2.49 [95% CI: 1.17-5.30]; P = 0.02), venous thromboembolism (aHR: 2.71 [95% CI: 1.11-6.65]; P = 0.03), and cardiovascular death (aHR: 2.62 [95% CI: 1.68-4.11]; P < 0.001). No other significant associations were observed for composite or DNMT3A CHIP.

CONCLUSIONS: In an older female cohort, key CHIP subtypes (TET2, ASXL1, and JAK2) were associated with incident CVD, with associations that appeared to differ by CVD outcome. These findings suggest that CHIP remains associated with cardiovascular health into later life. (Women's Health Initiative [WHI]; NCT00000611).},
}

@article {pmid40863730,
year = {2025},
author = {Lai, Y-T and Dingens, AS and DeMouth, M and Helmold Hait, S and O'Dell, S and Schon, A and Olia, AS and Wang, T and Shrader, HR and Lovelace, SE and Pegu, A and Doria-Rose, NA and Mascola, JR and Bloom, JD and Kwong, PD},
title = {Fostemsavir analog BMS-818251 has enhanced viral neutralization potency and similar escape mutation profile.},
journal = {Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0191024},
doi = {10.1128/aac.01910-24},
pmid = {40863730},
issn = {1098-6596},
abstract = {BMS-818251, a fostemsavir analog, is a next-generation HIV-1 attachment inhibitor with enhanced potency and a similar resistance profile. By using ex vivo viral outgrowth assays with HIV+ donor samples, we demonstrate here that BMS-818251 exhibits superior viral suppression compared to temsavir, the active form of fostemsavir. To map potential resistance pathways, we employed deep mutational scanning and pseudotyped virus neutralization assays to identify escape mutations within the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). These mutations were largely clustered around the BMS-818251 binding site, with key resistance mutations reducing drug-binding affinity. Several of the enriched mutations, such as S375I/N, M426L, and M475I, have been previously observed in fostemsavir-treated patients, highlighting their clinical relevance. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed reduced binding affinity as the primary mechanism of resistance, though with notable exceptions, such as R429G, suggesting additional factors to influence viral escape. Ex vivo Env sequencing confirmed selection of resistance mutations under BMS-818251 pressure, reinforcing the predictive value of deep mutational scanning for in vivo resistance monitoring. Compared to fostemsavir, BMS-818251 achieved more effective viral suppression at lower concentrations, even in donor samples harboring preexisting resistance mutations. These findings support the continued development of BMS-818251 as a promising alternative to fostemsavir, with potential benefits for patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1.},
}

@article {pmid40860163,
year = {2025},
author = {Westover, T and Walsh, MP and Abdelhamed, S and Xiong, E and Ma, J and Song, G and Thomas, ME and Umeda, M and Maciaszek, JL and Wong, JC and Wintering, A and Wang, L and Emanuel, PD and Loh, ML and Tasian, SK and Stieglitz, E and Schwartz, JR and Shannon, KM and Klco, JM},
title = {Genomic landscape and clonal architecture in pediatric myeloid neoplasms with chromosome 7 deletions.},
journal = {Blood neoplasia},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {100093},
pmid = {40860163},
issn = {2950-3280},
support = {R01 HL144653/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
}

@article {pmid40857443,
year = {2025},
author = {O'Connor, TM and Garza, T and Alam, U and Vadathya, AK and Moreno, JP and Beltran, A and Haidar, S and Haidar, N and Hughes, SO and Thompson, D and Musaad, SMA and Baranowski, T and Mendoza, JA and Young, J and Sano, A and Veeraraghavan, A},
title = {The feasibility of passively tracking children's TV viewing and mobile device use in naturalistic settings.},
journal = {Behaviour & information technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40857443},
issn = {0144-929X},
support = {P01 HD109876/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK113269/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Research on children's technology and digital media (TDM) is hampered by a lack of robust approaches for assessing TDM use. This study assessed the feasibility of passively measuring children's TV screens and mobile devices (TDM) in a naturalistic setting. In the three-day feasibility study, FLASH-TV was set up on one to two TVs the child (5-12 year olds) typically used in the home (n=20). Children's mobile device use was assessed with either the Chronicle App or ScreenTime screenshots. Parents completed three TDM diaries. An exit interview with the parent explored their perceptions of the assessments and the child's TDM use report. Complete data were obtained on 86.7% of days for passive assessment of TV viewing and 84.3% of days for mobile device use. Fifteen parents reviewed complete TDM use reports for their child, with most stating the reports appeared correct for TV (80%) and mobile device (80%). Almost two-thirds had no concerns about having the FLASH-TV installed in their home, while some reported issues about feeling observed. Parents described high burden and frustration with the TDM diaries. Data provided preliminary evidence that passive measurement is feasible for assessing children's TV and mobile device use, with reduced burden for parents.},
}

@article {pmid40859413,
year = {2025},
author = {Lu, G and Han, F and Wang, Y and Yuan, C and Zhu, Q and Xia, T and Chen, L and Dong, X and Ding, Y and Xiao, W and Zhang, Y and Pan, J and Xu, H and Chen, W and Tu, B and Li, W and Wang, F and Gong, W and Hu, L},
title = {Src Reduces Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Generation and Resolves Acute Organ Damage.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e06028},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202506028},
pmid = {40859413},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {82070668//National Natural Science Foundation/ ; 82241043//National Natural Science Foundation/ ; 82270680//National Natural Science Foundation/ ; 82270679//National Natural Science Foundation/ ; 82400763//National Natural Science Foundation/ ; BK20240028//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; BK20240500//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; ZD2022011//The Medical research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission/ ; YZ2022080//Yangzhou key research and development plan/ ; YZ2022207//Yangzhou Policy guidance Program/ ; SZS2023001//Suzhou Innovation Platform Construction Projects- Municipal Key Laboratory Construction/ ; },
abstract = {Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are key factors mediating acute inflammatory injury. However, the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets remain unclear. Previous results suggest Src may be involved in regulating the NETs formation. Here, Src is found activated in the NETs model in vitro, in the murine- and human-derived neutrophils (acute pancreatitis and sepsis). Moreover, p-Src expression correlates with the clinical prognosis of acute pancreatitis and sepsis patients. Meanwhile, the inhibition of Src activity (gene silencing or inhibitors) inhibits NETs formation in vitro. Mechanistically, Src directly activates RAF1 by regulating phosphorylation at the Ser 621 site and mediates the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, thereby affecting the intracellular ROS production. Alternatively, Src activates the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway by mediating PKC phosphorylation. In vivo, neutrophil Src - specific defect significantly reduces acute inflammatory response, organ damage, and the NETs formation in damaged tissue. Eventually, Src inhibitors are used and validated their pharmacological effects. These results identify Src as a key mediator in intracellular ROS production, NETs formation, and acute organ injury. Hence, Src inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating acute organ injury.},
}

@article {pmid40858972,
year = {2025},
author = {Kendra, KL and Bellasea, SL and Eroglu, Z and Hu-Lieskovan, S and Campbell, KM and Carson, WE and Wada, DA and Plaza, JA and Sosman, JA and In, GK and Ikeguchi, A and Hyngstrom, J and Brohl, AS and Khushalani, NI and Markowitz, J and Negrea, G and Kasbari, S and Doolittle, GC and Swami, U and Roberts, T and Mathew, BN and Medina, E and Baselga-Carretero, I and Gonzalez, CR and Garcilazo, IP and Vega-Crespo, A and Chen, JM and Naser Al-Deen, N and Patel, SP and Sharon, E and Moon, J and Wu, MC and Ribas, A},
title = {Publisher Correction: Anti-PD-1 therapy in unresectable desmoplastic melanoma: the phase 2 SWOG S1512 trial.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41591-025-03975-2},
pmid = {40858972},
issn = {1546-170X},
}

@article {pmid40858099,
year = {2025},
author = {Oehler, VG and Walter, RB},
title = {Biology-Directed Therapy for Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms with FGFR1 Rearrangements.},
journal = {NEJM evidence},
volume = {4},
number = {9},
pages = {EVIDe2500196},
doi = {10.1056/EVIDe2500196},
pmid = {40858099},
issn = {2766-5526},
}

@article {pmid40857688,
year = {2025},
author = {Orellana, MA and Pike, M and Katz, R and Robinson, W and Doll, KM},
title = {Risk Factors Impacting Endometrial Thickness Visibility and Information Availability in Black Patients.},
journal = {Journal of women's health (2002)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1177/15409996251371097},
pmid = {40857688},
issn = {1931-843X},
abstract = {Background: Black patients experience worse endometrial cancer outcomes compared to white patients. Endometrial thickness (ET) measures from transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) are used in diagnostic triage to determine if further endometrial tissue sampling is needed. However, recent work suggests that TVUS may disproportionately underdiagnose Black patients and those over 60 years old, contributing to Black patients' lower survival. Our study aimed to identify risk factors that impact ET measurement quality [visibility, missing data] from TVUS and result in nondiagnostic TVUS results. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in a cohort of Black patients undergoing hysterectomy from 2014 to 2020. ET visibility documentation was categorized as visible or "compromised" (partially visible or nonvisible). The presence or absence of endometrial information was also assessed. Results: Of 2,705 patients with ultrasound information, 78% (N = 1,838) had documented ET visibility. Of those with visibility, 1,301 (71%) had complete ET visibility. Among those with compromised visibility (n = 537), 271 (50.5%) had partially visible ET, while 266 (49.5%) had nonvisible ET. Significant risk factors associated with compromised visibility included an enlarged uterus (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 2.32-3.61) and fibroids (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 1.94-7.39). Of 2,032 patients with ultrasound reports, 9.5% (N = 194) lacked endometrial information. Fibroids (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.19-2.76) and enlarged uterus (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.53-4.45) were also significantly associated with missing endometrial information. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a substantial proportion of TVUS examinations may not yield definitive data for diagnostic triage in Black women, potentially contributing to diagnostic delays and worse survival. Improved diagnostic approaches are needed in this population.},
}

@article {pmid40857092,
year = {2025},
author = {Nagana Gowda, GA and Zhu, W and Pascua, V and McMillen, T and Tian, R and Raftery, D},
title = {Identification and Distribution of the Dietary Antioxidant Ergothioneine in Humans and Animal Models Combining NMR, RANSY, and MS Methods.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.5c03507},
pmid = {40857092},
issn = {1520-6882},
abstract = {Ergothioneine (ERG), a unique, naturally occurring antioxidant of dietary origin, is gaining increasing attention due to its crucial roles in human health and diseases. Despite its significance, ERG is rarely detected in biospecimens by mass spectrometry (MS) and, to date, has not been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, two widely used analytical techniques in metabolomics. In this study, we investigated human plasma, whole blood (WB), and red blood cells (RBC), as well as mouse blood and tissues, combining NMR, LC-MS, and ratio analysis techniques. The results demonstrate the ability of simple 1D [1]H NMR to routinely identify and quantify ERG in various biological samples. The levels of ERG vary widely and depend on the type of biological sample, with human RBC exhibiting remarkably high concentrations, often exceeding 1.5 mM. The average levels of ERG in human plasma, WB, and RBC were in ratios of 1:70:140, respectively. Moreover, ERG levels showed a linear correlation between plasma and WB (R[2] = 0.59), plasma and RBC (R[2] = 0.75), and WB and RBC (R[2] = 0.98). In mice, ERG levels exhibit a distinct whole-body distribution, with average levels in the mouse skeletal muscle, brain, heart, kidney, and liver in ratios of 0:1:10:35:45, respectively. The demonstration of surprisingly high levels of ERG in biological samples using [1]H NMR opens new avenues for its analysis using both NMR and MS methods to explore its roles in human health and diseases, as part of routine global or targeted metabolomics studies.},
}

@article {pmid40857002,
year = {2025},
author = {Bhatt, NS and Voutsinas, J and Winters, M and Leisenring, WM and Ballard, S and Jenssen, K and Baker, KS},
title = {Work Status, Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and Quality of Life in Young Adult Cancer Survivors.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {e2528882},
pmid = {40857002},
issn = {2574-3805},
mesh = {Humans ; *Quality of Life/psychology ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; *Cancer Survivors/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Absenteeism ; Young Adult ; *Presenteeism/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; *Neoplasms/psychology ; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data/psychology ; *Employment/statistics & numerical data/psychology ; Washington ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Current literature lacks information on the association between the work status and performance of young adult cancer survivors and their quality of life (QOL).

OBJECTIVE: To assess self-reported work status, missed time at work (absenteeism), and performance (presenteeism) and their associations with QOL among young adult cancer survivors.

This cross-sectional survey study was performed from October 18, 2020, to September 17, 2022, at a single cancer center in Seattle, Washington. Participants included young adult cancer survivors (aged 18 to 39 years at diagnosis) who were 1 year or more from completion of cancer therapy. Data were analyzed from May 1, 2023, to February 1, 2025.

EXPOSURES: Cancer therapy.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Unemployment rate compared with the age-, sex-, and calendar year-matched general population; standardized absolute and relative absenteeism and presenteeism scores; standardized scores for domains of anxiety, depression, physical function, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, social role, and cognition; and adjusted linear regressions to study factors associated with higher QOL scores.

RESULTS: A total of 198 survivors, with a median age at diagnosis of 31 (IQR, 26-35) years and a median age at survey of 39 (IQR, 35-44) years were included (142 [71.7%] female). The unemployment rate (14 [7.1%]) did not differ from that of the general population (4.7%) (P = .13). Compared with employed survivors, unemployed survivors reported significantly higher depression scores (coefficient, 5.11; 95% CI, 0.92-9.30) and lower scores for satisfaction with social roles and activities (coefficient, -6.59; 95% CI, -11.34 to -1.84) and physical function (coefficient, -6.63; 95% CI, -11.38 to -1.87). Higher absolute presenteeism score was associated with lower scores for anxiety (coefficient, -0.19; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.11), depression (coefficient, -0.17; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.10), fatigue (coefficient, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.10), pain interference (coefficient, -0.11; 95% CI, -0.21 to -0.02), and sleep disturbance (coefficient, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.21 to -0.03) and higher scores for physical function (coefficient, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.008-0.17), cognitive function (coefficient, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.11-0.27), and satisfaction in social roles and activities scores (coefficient, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.08-0.24). Additionally, a higher absolute absenteeism score was associated with a higher anxiety (coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.004-0.07) and lower cognitive function (coefficient, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.004).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study of young adult cancer survivors, associations were found between survivors' self-reported work status and performance and their QOL affecting their mental, physical, and social health. These findings call for the development of effective communication strategies with employers to balance work expectations with survivors' treatment-related complications to achieve better performance and in turn higher QOL.},
}

Humans
*Quality of Life/psychology
Male
Female
Adult
*Cancer Survivors/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Cross-Sectional Studies
*Absenteeism
Young Adult
*Presenteeism/statistics & numerical data
Adolescent
*Neoplasms/psychology
Unemployment/statistics & numerical data/psychology
*Employment/statistics & numerical data/psychology
Washington

@article {pmid40854792,
year = {2025},
author = {Naik, A and Kanzaria, A and Chen, X and Kaur, N and Ho, CJ and Smith, SD and Gopal, AK and Shadman, M and Naresh, KN},
title = {Digital pathology and image analysis of p53 biomarker in lymphomas using two algorithms: correlation with genotype and visual inspection.},
journal = {Journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/jcp-2025-210280},
pmid = {40854792},
issn = {1472-4146},
abstract = {p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used as a rapid surrogate for detecting TP53 mutations, with TP53 mutations being a key biomarker for poor outcomes in lymphomas. We developed two algorithms using digital quantification tools to assess p53 expression from whole slide images of 77 lymphoma samples. An experienced pathologist visually evaluated the p53 slides, classifying cases as likely wild-type or mutated TP53 genotype. We correlated the results of the algorithms and visual inspection with the actual TP53 genotype. For cases with p53 overexpression (likely missense mutations), the algorithms achieved 86.7% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity (visual inspection: 80% and 95.2%). For cases with reduced p53 expression (likely 'other' mutations), the algorithms showed 92.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity (visual inspection: 40% and 95.8%). This study demonstrates that combining digital pathology with digital quantification tools-based algorithms can reliably predict TP53 genotype from p53 IHC patterns, with comparable or slightly superior performance to an experienced pathologist.},
}

@article {pmid40832395,
year = {2025},
author = {Tran-Kiem, C and Perofsky, AC and Lessler, J and Bedford, T},
title = {Characterizing the informativeness of pathogen genome sequence datasets about transmission between population groups.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40832395},
abstract = {Pathogen genome analysis helps characterize transmission between population groups. The information carried by pathogen sequences comes from the accumulation of mutations within their genomes; thus, that the pace at which mutations accumulate should determine the granularity of transmission processes that pathogen sequences can characterize. Here, we investigate how the complex interplay between mutation, transmission, population mixing and sampling impacts the power of phylogeographic studies. First, we develop a conceptual probabilistic framework to quantify the ability of pairs of sequences in capturing migration history. This allows us to comprehensively explore the space of possible phylogeographic analyses by explicitly considering the pace at which mutations accumulate and the pace at which migration events occur. Using this framework, we identify a pathogen-intrinsic limit in the mixing scale at which their sequence data remains informative, with faster mutating pathogens enabling finer spatial characterization. Secondly, we perform a simulation study exploring a range of assumptions regarding sequencing intensity. We find that sample size further imposes a limit on the characterization of mixing processes. This work highlights inherent horizons of observability for population mixing processes that depend on the interaction between evolution, transmission, mixing and sampling. Such considerations are important for the design of phylogeographic studies.},
}

@article {pmid40852372,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, TJ and Liu, Z and McKeague, IW},
title = {Post-selection inference for high-dimensional mediation analysis with survival outcomes.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of statistics, theory and applications},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {756-776},
pmid = {40852372},
issn = {0303-6898},
support = {R01 AG062401/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG086379/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {It is of substantial scientific interest to detect mediators that lie in the causal pathway from an exposure to a survival outcome. However, with high-dimensional mediators, as often encountered in modern genomic data settings, there is a lack of powerful methods that can provide valid post-selection inference for the identified marginal mediation effect. To resolve this challenge, we develop a post-selection inference procedure for the maximally selected natural indirect effect using a semiparametric efficient influence function approach. To this end, we establish the asymptotic normality of a stabilized one-step estimator that takes the selection of the mediator into account. Simulation studies show that our proposed method has good empirical performance. We further apply our proposed approach to a lung cancer dataset and find multiple DNA methylation CpG sites that might mediate the effect of cigarette smoking on lung cancer survival.},
}

@article {pmid40854613,
year = {2025},
author = {Ferris, RL and Leidner, RS and Chung, CH and Jimeno, A and Lee, SM and Sukari, A and Nieva, JJ and Grilley-Olson, JE and Redman, R and Wong, SJ and Villaflor, VM and Misleh, J and Finckenstein, FG and Chou, J and Gastman, B and Fiaz, R and Catlett, M and Yi, M and Cohen, EEW},
title = {Efficacy and safety of one-time autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cell therapy in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.},
journal = {Journal for immunotherapy of cancer},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40854613},
issn = {2051-1426},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology/transplantation ; *Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy/immunology/pathology ; Aged ; *Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy/immunology/pathology ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy/immunology ; Adult ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high recurrence rate after first-line immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. The presence of a high density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HNSCC tumors was shown to be associated with improved clinical outcomes. One-time autologous TIL cell therapy was evaluated in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC.

METHODS: C-145-03 (NCT03083873) was a phase 2 study of TIL in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC assigned to 1 of 4 treatment cohorts: cohort 1, non-cryopreserved TIL; cohort 2, cryopreserved lifileucel (22-day manufacturing); cohort 3, cryopreserved lifileucel (16-day manufacturing); cohort 4, cryopreserved LN-145-S1 programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) selected. Patients underwent tumor resection for TIL generation. After preparative non-myeloablative lymphodepletion, patients received a single infusion of TIL followed by interleukin-2 (IL-2) infusion(s). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1. Secondary endpoints were investigator-assessed duration of response (DOR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival, overall survival, and incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events.

RESULTS: Overall, 53 patients received TIL: cohort 1 (n=8), cohort 2 (n=17), cohort 3 (n=16), cohort 4 (n=12). Median age was 57 years and most patients were males (87%; 46/53) with stage IV disease (98%; 52/53). Patients had a median of two prior lines of systemic therapy; 87% (46/53) of patients had prior anti-PD-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 therapy and 72% (38/53) had prior chemotherapy. The ORR was 11% (6/53) with six patients achieving partial response (cohort 1, n=3; cohort 2, n=1; cohort 4, n=2). At median follow-up of 17.9 months, the median DOR was 7.6 months. The DCR was 76% (40/53); 64% (34/53) of patients had stable disease. The safety profile was consistent with known toxicities associated with non-myeloablative lymphodepletion and IL-2 administration.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the feasibility of consistently generating sufficient TIL from HNSCC tumors. Results from this study suggest TIL cell therapy may serve as a potential treatment option for patients with HNSCC and support further development, including TIL cell therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors or other agents or with other TIL products.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03083873.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology/transplantation
*Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy/immunology/pathology
Aged
*Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy/immunology/pathology
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy/immunology
Adult
Neoplasm Metastasis
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40853264,
year = {2025},
author = {Bolier, M and Pluimakers, VG and Broer, L and Neggers, SJ and de Winter, DT and Wang, F and Baedke, JL and Uitterlinden, AG and Petrykey, K and Kremer, LC and Loonen, JJ and Louwerens, M and van der Pal, HJ and Feijen, ELA and Oeffinger, KC and Howell, RM and Chow, EJ and Leisenring, WM and Gramatges, MMM and Morton, LM and Robison, LL and Hudson, MM and Ness, KK and Sapkota, Y and Armstrong, GT and Bhatia, S and Yasui, Y and van den Heuvel-Eibrink, MM},
title = {Genetic Contribution to Treatment-Related Dyslipidemia in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Findings from the CCSS, SJLIFE, and DCCSS-LATER Cohorts.},
journal = {Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0338},
pmid = {40853264},
issn = {1538-7755},
abstract = {BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia can occur as a long-term side effect of childhood cancer treatment. The difference in prevalence among children receiving comparable treatment suggests a role for genetic variation. We conducted the first genome-wide association study on dyslipidemia in a large childhood cancer survivor cohort, using three additional cohorts for replication. METHODS Discovery analysis was performed in the Original Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) cohort (N=4,332). Replication analyses were carried out in the CCSS Expansion cohort (N=2,212), the St Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE, N=2,829), and the DCCSS-LATER Cohort (N=1,814). In the CCSS cohorts, dyslipidemia was defined as Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 self-reported high cholesterol or high triglycerides, whereas in SJLIFE and DCCSS-LATER, it was assessed by serum lipid measurements. Association analysis was performed in the entire cohort and stratified by cancer treatment. RESULTS The initial discovery analysis yielded one genome-wide significant (p<5x10-8) and 16 suggestive (p<5x10-6) loci associated with dyslipidemia risk. Of these, one genome-wide significant and eight suggestive loci with biological plausibility were selected for replication analysis, but none replicated. Additionally, treatment-stratified analysis revealed six significant (p<5x10-8) loci, none of which replicated in meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Further research with clinically assessed data and larger sample sizes is needed to explore the genetic contributions to dyslipidemia risk in childhood cancer survivors. IMPACT The establishment of larger, internationally collaborative consortia of childhood cancer survivors is critical for generating more robust findings, which will help the identification of those survivors at risk for dyslipidemia and subsequently cardiovascular disease.},
}

@article {pmid40850015,
year = {2025},
author = {Kenny, A and van Duijn, J and Dintwe, O and Heptinstall, J and Burnham, R and Sawant, S and Zhang, L and Mielke, D and Khuzwayo, S and Omar, FL and Stanfield-Oakley, S and Keyes, T and Dunn, B and Goodman, D and Fong, Y and Benkeser, D and Zou, R and Hural, J and Hyrien, O and Juraska, M and Luedtke, A and van der Laan, L and Giorgi, EE and Magaret, C and Carpp, LN and Pattacini, L and van de Kerkhof, T and Korber, B and Willems, W and Fisher, LH and Schuitemaker, H and Swann, E and Kublin, JG and Pau, MG and Buchbinder, S and Tomaka, F and Nijs, S and Lavreys, L and Gelderblom, HC and Corey, L and Mngadi, K and Gray, GE and Borducchi, E and Hendriks, J and Seaton, KE and Zolla-Pazner, S and Barouch, DH and Ferrari, G and De Rosa, SC and McElrath, MJ and Andersen-Nissen, E and Stieh, DJ and Tomaras, GD and Gilbert, PB and , },
title = {Corrigendum to 'Immune correlates analysis of the Imbokodo (HVTN 705/HPX2008) efficacy trial of a mosaic HIV-1 vaccine regimen evaluated in Southern African people assigned female sex at birth: a two-phase case-control study'. EBioMedicine 2024;108: 105320.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {119},
number = {},
pages = {105874},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105874},
pmid = {40850015},
issn = {2352-3964},
}

@article {pmid40849910,
year = {2025},
author = {Weis, AM and Bauer, KM and Tang, WW and Stephen-Victor, E and Bell, R and Brown, DG and Ekiz, HA and Tran, V and Klag, KA and Swanson, EA and Barrios, L and Harwood, M and Hill, JH and Ost, KS and Gigic, B and Schneider, M and Ose, J and Hardikar, S and Toriola, AT and Shibata, D and Li, CI and Figueiredo, JC and Byrd, DA and Siegel, EM and Arnolds, K and Lozupone, C and Ulrich, CM and O'Connell, RM and Stephens, WZ and Round, JL},
title = {A capsular polysaccharide from a healthy human microbiota member activates a Lag-3-NK cell axis to restrain colon cancer and augment immunotherapy.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {44},
number = {9},
pages = {116172},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116172},
pmid = {40849910},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing globally, making identification of preventative measures necessary. Transplantation of the microbiota from CRC and non-CRC patients into mice demonstrates that non-diseased individuals possess organisms that reduce tumor formation and highlights Bacteriodes uniformis as protective. B. uniformis is reduced in humans with CRC, and proactive treatment with B. uniformis slows tumor growth in mice. Natural killer (NK) cells, but not T cells, are required for B. uniformis-mediated protection. CRC is recalcitrant to immunotherapies; however, addition of B. uniformis restores response to α-CTLA-4 treatment in an NK cell-dependent manner. We report that high Lag-3 expression is associated with greater survival in CRC patients and that B. uniformis-mediated protection is reliant on Lag-3 in innate cells. Induction of NK cell activity and reduced tumor growth is dependent on a specific B. uniformis capsular polysaccharide. Thus, healthy individuals possess tumor suppressor microbes that prevent cancer development and can be harnessed therapeutically.},
}

@article {pmid40849364,
year = {2025},
author = {O'Connor, TE and Lin, C and Roloff, GW and Zhang, A and Miller, K and Aldoss, I and Kopmar, NE and Dekker, SE and Gupta, VK and Jeyakumar, N and Muhsen, IN and Valtis, Y and Ahmed, N and Sutherland, K and Dykes, KC and Ahmed, M and Chen, E and Zambrano, H and Bradshaw, D and Mercadal, S and Schwartz, M and Tracy, S and Connor, MP and Kubiak, M and Mukherjee, A and Majhail, N and Battiwalla, M and Mountjoy, L and Malik, SA and Mathews, J and Shaughnessy, P and Blunk, B and Logan, AC and Ladha, A and Advani, AS and Stefan, M and Guzowski, C and Hoeg, RT and Hilal, T and Moore, J and O'Dwyer, KM and Hill, LC and Sasine, J and Oliai, C and Solh, MM and Lee, CJ and Kota, VK and Koura, D and Kumaran, MV and Leonard, JT and Frey, NV and Park, JH and Luskin, MR and Bachanova, V and Galal, A and Pullarkat, V and Bishop, MR and Stock, W and Cassaday, RD and Shah, BD and Faramand, R and Muffly, LS and Tsai, SB and Dholaria, B},
title = {The impact of social determinants of health on outcomes of brexucabtagene autoleucel in adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.},
journal = {Bone marrow transplantation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40849364},
issn = {1476-5365},
abstract = {Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) is a chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy approved for adults with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We studied the impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) on outcomes of adults with B-ALL receiving brexu-cel. This retrospective analysis included adults (≥18 years) with R/R B-ALL treated with brexu-cel between 2021 and 2023. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the association of race, ethnicity, and SDoH with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). 189 patients received brexu-cel and 57% were male. 55% were non-Hispanic White, 30% Hispanic, 7% non-Hispanic Black, 6% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 2% other/unknown. 43% were referred from private/community-based practices and 35% lived 50 miles or greater from the CAR T center. Health insurance included public (47%) and private (41%). 31% had a high social deprivation index (SDI, 76-99th percentile). Black race was associated with worse OS (HR 3.48; 95% CI 1.01-12.03). There was no difference in PFS (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.50-2.10) or OS (HR 1.43; 95% CI 0.56-3.65) in Hispanic patients. Outcomes appear independent of SDoH and SDoH did not impact OS. We observed comparable outcomes to non-Hispanic patients.},
}

@article {pmid40848054,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, J and Roy, I and Hunter, H},
title = {Prehabilitation for muscle wasting in cancer: do definitions matter?.},
journal = {Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer},
volume = {33},
number = {9},
pages = {807},
pmid = {40848054},
issn = {1433-7339},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/complications ; Quality of Life ; Body Composition ; Frailty/etiology ; *Preoperative Exercise ; *Muscular Atrophy/etiology/rehabilitation ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Frailty in older patients with cancer has been associated with functional impairments, decline in quality of life, and increased risk of mortality. There is growing interest in prehabilitation interventions designed to optimize function prior to cancer treatment to mitigate functional decline and to optimize post-treatment outcomes. This review aims to describe the heterogeneity in muscle wasting definitions, modalities used for body composition analysis, and functional outcomes investigated in exercise prehabilitation trials in cancer patients. Defining muscle loss among patients with cancer is needed to better diagnose, treat, and prevent functional decline. Utilization of a consensus on definitions for muscle wasting syndromes is critical to evaluate the efficacy of prehabilitation and exercise interventions in cancer care.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/complications
Quality of Life
Body Composition
Frailty/etiology
*Preoperative Exercise
*Muscular Atrophy/etiology/rehabilitation
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Aged

@article {pmid40848024,
year = {2025},
author = {Shetty, NS and Gaonkar, M and Pampana, A and Patel, N and Carson, AP and Haring, B and Psaty, BM and Kooperberg, C and Boerwinkle, E and Rotter, JI and Lima, JAC and Kizer, JR and Martin, LW and Taylor, KD and Hall, ME and Fornage, M and Shah, SJ and Rich, SS and Vasan, RS and Nassir, R and Li, P and Arora, G and Arora, P},
title = {Association of Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic Inherited Cardiomyopathy Variants With Heart Failure: A TOPMed Multiancestry Analysis.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2025.01.021},
pmid = {40848024},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic inherited cardiomyopathy variants and their association with heart failure in the (TOPMed) TransOmic for Precision of Medicine cohorts.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using the TOPMed cohorts, including multi-ancestry US adults (≥18 years of age) with sequencing data, was conducted. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic inherited cardiomyopathy variant carrier status was determined based on ClinVar variants classified with two or more stars of evidence. Individuals without pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were used as the reference group. The primary outcome was heart failure , adjudicated by an expert panel. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between carrier status and heart failure risk, adjusting for sex, study cohort, coronary artery disease, and genetic ancestry. Age was used as the timescale to account for the effect of variants since birth, and interval censoring was used to handle the uncertainty in the timing of heart failure events.

RESULTS: Among 30,977 individuals (median age, 61.0 years; 71.3% female; 37.0% non-European ancestry), 229 (0.7%) were identified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic inherited cardiomyopathy variant carriers. There were 3,298 events of heart failure (35 in carriers and 3,263 in non-carriers). The heart failure incidence rate was higher in variant carriers (2.06 per 1000 person-years) compared with noncarriers (1.40 per 1000 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.68 (95% CI, 1.29-2.22).

CONCLUSION: Approximately 1 in 140 US adults carry a cardiomyopathy variant, which increases heart failure risk. Targeted genetic screening may facilitate early identification and preventive interventions to reduce heart failure risk in carriers.},
}

@article {pmid40847340,
year = {2025},
author = {Vu, K and Sánchez, H and Cabello, R and Hidalgo, J and Dasgupta, S and Duerr, A and Lankowski, A},
title = {Sexual behaviors and access to HIV services during the COVID-19 pandemic among cisgender men who have sex with men in Lima, Peru.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {2888},
pmid = {40847340},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {NIH U54CA132381//Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Summer Undergraduate Research Program/ ; D43TW009345/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; NIH P30AI027757//University of Washington / Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research/ ; K23MH126781/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted sexual behaviors, access to health services, and other factors related to HIV vulnerability among sexual and gender minority populations globally. This study investigates such changes among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lima, Peru.

METHODS: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey that was conducted initially in 2018–2019 (‘pre-pandemic’ period, n = 382) and then repeated in 2020–2021 (‘mid-pandemic’ period, n = 387). The survey asked about participants’ sexual behaviors in the previous three months, including attendance of sex-on-premises venues (SOPVs) and the use of online platforms to meet partners, as well as their knowledge and behaviors related to HIV testing and prevention. We assessed for differences in sexual behaviors and HIV testing/prevention knowledge between the mid-pandemic period and the pre-pandemic period using robust Poisson regression, including in multivariable models adjusting for age and educational attainment. The mid-pandemic survey included additional questions asking about access to HIV services and changes in perceived health status during the pandemic, which we analyzed descriptively.

RESULTS: Participants in the mid-pandemic period were significantly less likely to report they had attended an SOPV, met a sex partner online, engaged in group sex, or had three or more partners in the past three months. However, the prevalence of other HIV-related sexual risk behaviors, including condomless anal sex and substance use in a sexual context, was unchanged compared to pre-pandemic. Among mid-pandemic survey participants, SOPV attendance and meeting a partner online were both associated with a range of sexual risk behaviors, similar to the relationship observed between these behaviors during the pre-pandemic period.

CONCLUSIONS: We observed relatively modest differences in the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors during, versus prior to, the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings underscore the importance of minimizing disruptions to HIV prevention and sexual health services for vulnerable populations such as MSM in Peru.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-025-23886-8.},
}

@article {pmid40845137,
year = {2025},
author = {Nazha, A and Elemento, O and Ahuja, S and Lam, BD and Miles, M and Shouval, R and McWeeney, SK and Sirhan, S and Srisuwananukorn, A and Haferlach, T},
title = {Artificial Intelligence in Hematology.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025029876},
pmid = {40845137},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) and its sub-discipline, machine learning (ML), have the potential to revolutionize healthcare, including hematology. The diagnosis and treatment of hematologic disorders depend on the integration of diverse data sources, such as imaging, pathology, omics, and laboratory parameters. The increasing volume and complexity of patient data have made clinical decision-making more challenging. AI/ML hold significant potential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and treatment response prediction through advanced modeling techniques. Generative AI, a recent advancement within the broader field of AI, is poised to have a profound impact on healthcare and hematology. Generative AI can enhance the development of novel therapeutic strategies, improve diagnostic workflows by generating high-fidelity images or pathology reports, and facilitate more personalized approaches to patient management. Its ability to augment clinical decision-making and streamline research represents a significant leap forward in the field. However, despite this potential, few AI/ML tools have been fully implemented in clinical practice due to challenges related to data quality, equity, advanced infrastructure, and the establishment of robust evaluation metrics. Despite its promise, AI implementation in hematology faces critical challenges, including bias, data quality issues, and a lack of regulatory frameworks and safety standards that keep pace with rapid technological advancements. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of AI/ML in hematology as of 2025, identify existing gaps, and offer insights into future developments.},
}

@article {pmid40844776,
year = {2025},
author = {Hill, JA and Pergam, SA and Halasa, NB and Kumar, D and Baden, LR and Boeckh, MJ},
title = {A Network for Advancing Prevention and Treatment of Infections Among Immunocompromised Individuals.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {e2528383},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.28383},
pmid = {40844776},
issn = {2574-3805},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; United States ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships ; *Communicable Diseases/therapy ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Immunocompromised individuals are a large and growing population who are at increased risk for infectious diseases. There has and continues to be a lack of focus on clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of therapies for infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients. The establishment of a US-based clinical trial network to improve the study and subsequent implementation of therapies and strategies to treat and prevent infections in immunocompromised individuals would address this gap in research infrastructure and jumpstart public and private investment.

OBSERVATIONS: A national interdisciplinary meeting was convened on September 10, 2024, in Bethesda, Maryland, to discuss the outsized impact of infectious diseases in immunocompromised individuals and to identify the primary gaps and opportunities for clinical trials in this population. Approaches to achieve this goal include obtaining dedicated funding and support through public-private partnerships to establish alignment and feasibility for high-priority areas of research. This article outlines the relevance of this work; ongoing efforts to collaborate with the National Institutes of Health, US Congress, industry, and philanthropy to obtain funding for mutually beneficial outcomes; the network structure; and perspectives from clinicians, regulatory agencies, the pharmaceutical industry, and patients.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There is a dearth of evidence to support the use of many therapies for infectious diseases in immunocompromised individuals, which has substantial impact at the individual and societal level. A multipronged approach to improve integration of, and funding for, rigorous research in this population into the core priorities of the public and private sectors could address important public health gaps by developing evidence-based guidance to protect a vulnerable community.},
}

Humans
*Immunocompromised Host
United States
Clinical Trials as Topic
Public-Private Sector Partnerships
*Communicable Diseases/therapy

@article {pmid40841141,
year = {2025},
author = {Ng, N and Molina-Molina, M and Adegunsoye, A and Borie, R and Newton, CA and Raby, B and Zhang, D and Padilla, M and Crestani, B and Horwitz, MS and Keel, S and Murray, MF and Stergachis, AB and Knight, S and Garcia, CK and Wain, LV and Raghu, G},
title = {Genetics of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A State-of-the-Art Review.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.00788-2025},
pmid = {40841141},
issn = {1399-3003},
abstract = {Advancements in genetics and genomics continue to further our understanding of their contributions to the development of interstitial lung diseases. This state-of-the-art clinical review synthesizes current knowledge of the contribution of genetics when evaluating patients suspected to have ILD. We consider highly penetrant Mendelian disorders as well as common variants conferring smaller risk that act in concert with other genetic and acquired risk factors. Additionally, gene-by-environment and pharmacogenomic interactions are discussed to highlight their impact on disease course. Lastly, the approach to genetic ILDs is reviewed from available testing to future directions.},
}

@article {pmid40839373,
year = {2025},
author = {Ligibel, JA and Ballman, KV and McCall, L and Goodwin, PJ and Alfano, CM and Bernstein, V and Crane, TE and Delahanty, LM and Frank, E and Hahn, O and Hershman, DL and Hopkins, JO and Irwin, M and Mayer, EL and Minasian, L and Nebeling, L and Neuhouser, ML and Paskett, ED and Spears, PA and Stearns, V and Thomson, CA and Weiss, A and White, J and Wadden, TA and Winer, EP and Hudis, C and Partridge, AH and Carey, LA},
title = {Impact of a Weight Loss Intervention on 1-Year Weight Change in Women With Stage II/III Breast Cancer: Secondary Analysis of the Breast Cancer Weight Loss (BWEL) Trial.},
journal = {JAMA oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40839373},
issn = {2374-2445},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Obesity is associated with a higher risk of recurrence, mortality, comorbidities, treatment-related adverse effects, and poor quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Scalable interventions are needed to promote weight loss in this population.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a remotely delivered weight loss intervention (WLI) on weight change at 1 year in patients with breast cancer and obesity and to explore factors associated with weight change.

The Breast Cancer Weight Loss trial is a phase 3, randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact of a telephone-based WLI on invasive disease-free survival and other outcomes in women with obesity and early breast cancer at 637 sites across the US and Canada. Participants were enrolled to the study between August 2016 and February 2021. Participants included women with stage II to III, ERBB2-negative breast cancer and a body mass index (BMI) of 27 or higher.

INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to a 2-year, telephone-based WLI plus health education or health education alone control group.

MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: The primary end point for this prespecified secondary analysis was weight change at 1 year. Weight was measured at baseline and 1 year, and changes in weight were compared between groups. Weight change was evaluated with a linear mixed-effects model including treatment group, weight over time, a time-by-group interaction, menopausal status, race and ethnicity, and hormone receptor status.

RESULTS: A total of 3180 women with breast cancer and BMI of 27 and higher were included in the study; 1591 were randomized to the WLI and 1589 to the control group. At baseline, the mean (SD) age of participants was 53.4 (10.6), and the mean (SD) BMI was 34.4 (5.6). The racial and ethnic breakdown included 406 (12.8%) Black, 231 (7.3%) Hispanic or Latino, 2906 (91.4%) non-Hispanic, and 2555 (80.3%) White participants. WLI participants lost a mean of 4.3 kg (95% CI 3.9-4.6 kg), or 4.7% (95% CI, 4.3%-5.0%) of baseline body weight at 1 year vs control participants, who gained 0.9 kg (95% CI, 0.5-1.3 kg), or 1.0% (95% CI 0.1%-1.4%) of baseline body weight (P < .001). Participants randomized to WLI experienced significant weight loss (vs control group participants) across demographic and tumor factors. WLI effect differed significantly by menopausal status, with postmenopausal participants having greater weight loss than premenopausal participants, and by race and ethnicity, with Black and Hispanic participants having less weight loss compared to other races and ethnicities.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, a telephone-based WLI induced significant weight loss in patients with breast cancer with overweight and obesity across demographic and treatment factors. Further follow-up of the Breast Cancer Weight Loss trial will evaluate whether the WLI improves disease outcomes.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02750826.},
}

@article {pmid40839355,
year = {2025},
author = {McTiernan, A},
title = {Achieving Healthy Weights for Improving Breast Cancer Prognosis.},
journal = {JAMA oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.2711},
pmid = {40839355},
issn = {2374-2445},
}

@article {pmid40839241,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, CA and Lin, C and Rhodes, CT and Moseley, MC and Wang, Y and Berger, MS},
title = {Takeaways from meta-analysis: indications of combinational treatments for glioblastoma.},
journal = {Journal of neuro-oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40839241},
issn = {1573-7373},
support = {P50CA097257//NIH/NCI/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with brain cancers are diagnosed based on MRI in the clinical setting while molecular signatures offer potential therapeutic targets. The necessity to re-form molecular and imaging information motivated our meta-analysis to decipher the correlation between the MRI-classified tumor locations, gene expression, and protein signatures in GBM.

METHODS: We analyzed spatial and omics data alongside the assessment of post-translational modifications. We first utilized MRI data to classify GBM into 4 groups. We then integrated imaging groups with RNA-Seq and proteomic data to determine the association between tumor locations, gene signatures, and protein abundance. Furthermore, we scrutinized independent measurements of post-translational modifications in each group of MRI-classified GBM.

RESULTS: The coherent layer of imaging and molecular data collectively showed the dysregulation of cell cycle, ECM organization, immune infiltration or surveillance in all GBM cases regardless of tumor locations. Several neuronal and synaptic-specific genes were differentially altered, indicative of aberrant neuroactivity in GBM. These dysregulated genes and networks provided druggable targets that led to small compounds identification, possessing cytotoxicity against primary GBM and spanning histological boundaries. Our analysis also revealed lesion-specific molecular signatures in each group of GBM, suggesting pathological features uniquely in subgroups of GBM with prognostic or therapeutic potential. Moreover, alterations in post-translational modifications would be noteworthy to explore clinical applications.

CONCLUSIONS: Deliverables from our meta-analysis hold the potential to inform therapeutic intervention. Despite heterogeneity in GBM, our findings implicate new directions of emerging treatments that may be used as concomitants to chemo-, radio- or immunological therapies.},
}

@article {pmid40832333,
year = {2025},
author = {Elhaw, AT and Tang, PW and Cheng, YY and Kamlapurkar, S and Javed, Z and Al-Saad, S and White, SR and Abdelnaby, AE and Khan, H and Choi, AS and Cole, AR and Kim, YS and Atiya, HI and Trebak, M and Zervantonakis, I and Buckanovich, RJ and Aird, KM and Coffman, LG and Mythreye, K and Hempel, N},
title = {RHOV is a Detachment-Responsive Rho GTPase Necessary for Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40832333},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R01 CA230628/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P50 CA272218/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA047904/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA242021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HL110849/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {All ovarian cancer subtypes spread via transcoelomic metastasis, where cells disseminate into the peritoneal fluid, resist anoikis, and form multicellular aggregates that invade the peritoneum. This represents the main driver of morbidity and mortality for peritoneal cancer patients. Mechanisms necessary for cancer cells to survive matrix detachment and initiate transcoelomic metastasis remain poorly defined. To address this, we identified a conserved detachment-sensitive gene signature activated shortly after matrix-detachment across multiple ascites-derived cancer cell lines. RHOV, an atypical, constitutively active and understudied member of the Rho GTPase family, emerged as a top upregulated transcript, which was confirmed in patient ascites-derived tumor cells. Functionally, loss of RHOV impairs anoikis resistance, multicellular aggregate integrity, migration and invasion, and completely abolishes transcoelomic tumor progression in vivo. RHOV enhances c-Jun signaling and cytoskeletal remodeling, which is dependent on both RHOV GTP-binding and membrane localization. These findings define RHOV as a novel detachment-sensitive Rho GTPase and establish RHOV as a critical regulator of peritoneal metastasis for the first time.},
}

@article {pmid40832245,
year = {2025},
author = {Furlong, J and Goya, S and Nawrocki, EP and Calhoun, V and Hatcher, E and Yankie, L and Greninger, AL},
title = {Automated Annotation and Validation of Human Respiratory Virus Sequences using VADR.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40832245},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Accurate annotation of viral genomes is essential for reliable downstream analysis and public data sharing. While NCBI's Viral Annotation DefineR (VADR) pipeline provides standardized annotation and quality control, it only supports six viral groups to date. Here, we developed and validated 12 new reference sequence-based VADR models targeting key human respiratory viruses: measles virus, mumps virus, rubella virus, human metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus types 1-4, and seasonal coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1). Model construction was guided by a comprehensive analysis of intra-species genomic and phylogenetic diversity, enabling the development of genotype-specific models associated with reference genomes that defined expected genome structure and annotation. Models were trained on 5,327 publicly available complete viral genomes and tested on 372 viral genomes not yet submitted to GenBank. VADR passed 96.3% of publicly available viral genomes and 98.1% of viral genomes not in the training set, correctly identifying overlapping ORFs, mature peptides, and transcriptional slippage as well as genome misassemblies. VADR detected novel viral biology including the first reported HCoV-OC43 NS2 knockout in a human infection and novel G and SH coding sequence lengths in human metapneumovirus. These VADR models are publicly available and are used by NCBI curators as part of the GenBank submission pipeline, supporting high-quality, scalable viral genome annotation for research and public health.},
}

@article {pmid40838867,
year = {2025},
author = {Major, A and Chou, J and Lam, H and Kim, KE and Turcotte, LM and Leisenring, W and Yasui, Y and Neglia, JP and Curry, M and Howell, RM and Oeffinger, KC and Hodgson, D and Nathan, PC and Armstrong, GT and Moskowitz, CS and Henderson, TO},
title = {Mortality after colorectal cancer among survivors of childhood cancer.},
journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jnci/djaf127},
pmid = {40838867},
issn = {1460-2105},
abstract = {Mortality after diagnosis of colorectal subsequent malignant neoplasms (CRC-SMN) among childhood cancer survivors is understudied. Using data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, we compared all-cause mortality of survivors with CRC-SMN to survivors without CRC-SMN and CRC patients in the general population without a childhood cancer history. Among 25,656 childhood cancer survivors, 96 developed CRC-SMN, with 50% diagnosed before age 40 and 19% before age 30. Of those diagnosed before age 40, 35% had no prior abdominal/pelvic-directed radiation therapy. The cumulative incidence of CRC-SMN in CCSS survivors was 0.7% (95%CI: 0.5%-0.9%) by age 45 and 1.1% (95%CI: 0.8%-1.4%) by age 50. There were 31 deaths after CRC-SMN. Adjusted all-cause mortality was threefold higher (HR 3.34, 95%CI: 2.25-4.59) than for survivors without CRC and significantly higher for survivors diagnosed under age 30 compared to SEER CRC patients (HR 2.51, 95%CI: 1.29-4.89).},
}

@article {pmid40838594,
year = {2025},
author = {Ashby, E and Janes, H and Follmann, D and Gilbert, PB and Zhou, H and Wang, X and Girard, B and Priddy, F and Kublin, JG and Corey, L and Neuzil, KM and Baden, LR and El Sahly, HM and Zhang, B and Cove Study Group, OBO},
title = {Validating and leveraging non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection as a negative control outcome in a phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trial with extended observational follow-up.},
journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwaf176},
pmid = {40838594},
issn = {1476-6256},
abstract = {Negative control outcomes (NCOs) are useful tools for hidden bias detection, but empirical evidence validating NCOs for COVID-19 is lacking. To address this gap, we examined the blinded phase of the randomized, placebo-controlled Coronavirus Vaccine Efficacy (COVE; NCT04470427) trial of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. We confirmed that acute respiratory illness with a positive test for a non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory pathogen on a multiplex PCR panel was a valid NCO for COVID-19, considering that it was unaffected by vaccination (vaccine efficacy, VE=3.3% (95% CI, -22.3-23.6)) yet strongly associated with COVID-19 (odds ratio=2.95 (95% CI, 2.00-4.24)). Subsequently, we leveraged non-SARS-CoV-2 infections to detect bias in time-varying VE estimates from COVE's blinded and booster phases. Balanced incidence of non-SARS-CoV-2 infection between vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19-free risk sets suggested low selection bias in VE estimates of two-dose mRNA-1273 against COVID-19 during the blinded phase (VE=92.5% (95% CI, 88.8-94.9) 14 days post-dose-two, stable for 5 months). In COVE's booster phase, higher non-SARS-CoV-2 incidence was observed after the single booster (intensity ratio, IR=2.38 (95% CI, 1.75-3.25) 14 days post-boost), suggesting that booster VE estimates may underestimate the true VE against COVID-19. Our findings demonstrate the potential of off-target infections for unraveling complex biases in COVID-19 vaccine studies.},
}

@article {pmid40838528,
year = {2025},
author = {Melchio, M and Hill, JA and Shah, M and Neofytos, D and Gambella, M and Raiola, AM and Delfino, E and Balletto, E and Angelucci, E and Bassetti, M and Mikulska, M},
title = {Old Pathogens-New Patient Types: Infections in a CAR T-Cell Recipient. Could It Get Any More Complicated?.},
journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70093},
doi = {10.1111/tid.70093},
pmid = {40838528},
issn = {1399-3062},
abstract = {The case discussed involves a 41-year-old Italian man who was a candidate for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) for mediastinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. His CAR-T treatment was postponed several times due to prolonged relapsing COVID-19 and new onset of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis diseases. After 11 weeks of antimycobacterial treatment, CAR T-cell therapy was performed, but complicated by cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Two months after CAR-T, the patient developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to A. fumigatus. He was successfully treated with a 6-month course of antitubercular therapy and an 8-month course of antifungal therapy with isavuconazole. Lobectomy was performed due to episodes of severe hemoptysis. The challenging issues of diagnosis, choice, and management of treatments, including drug-drug interactions and length of therapy, are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid40838500,
year = {2025},
author = {Ogimi, C and Waghmare, A},
title = {Risk Stratification for Seasonal Coronavirus Infections in HCT Recipients: Advances and Challenges.},
journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70096},
doi = {10.1111/tid.70096},
pmid = {40838500},
issn = {1399-3062},
}

@article {pmid40835749,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, LP and Papadopoulos, GK and McFarland, BJ and Skyler, JS and Parikh, HM and Kwok, WW and Lybrand, TP and Bondinas, GP and Moustakas, AK and Wang, R and Pyo, CW and Nelson, WC and Geraghty, DE and Lernmark, Å},
title = {Profiling associations of interactive ligand-receptors (HLA class I and KIR gene products) with the progression to type 1 diabetes among seroconverted participants.},
journal = {Diabetologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40835749},
issn = {1432-0428},
support = {R01 DK132406/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this work was to explore associations between type 1 diabetes progression from stages 1 or 2 to stage 3 and interacting ligand-receptor complexes of HLA class I (HLA-I) and KIR gene products.

METHODS: Applying next-generation sequencing technology to genotype HLA-I genes (HLA-A, -B, -C) and KIR genes (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL3, KIR3DS1, KIR2DP1, KIR3DP1) from 1215 participants in the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) and the Diabetes Prevention Trial (TN07), we systematically explored associations of HLA-I-KIR ligand-receptor interactions (LRIs) with disease progression via a Cox regression model. We investigated the structural properties of identified LRI complexes.

RESULTS: KIR and HLA-I genes had no or sporadic associations with disease progression. Out of all possible LRIs, nine HLA-A ligands and 14 HLA-B ligands with corresponding receptors had modest associations with progression (p<0.05). As an example, carriers of A*03:01-KIR2DS4 had slower progression (HR 0.36, p=3.06 × 10[-2]), as did B*07:02-KIR2DL3 carriers (HR 0.26, p=7.76 × 10[-3]). Structural investigations of KIR-HLA-I complexes via homology modelling based on already-solved respective complex structures suggested that the respective electrostatic and van der Waals interactions encoded in the protein sequences result in strong biophysical LRIs, which could alter the progression of type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results reveal that LRIs of KIR-HLA-I gene products, rather than individual genes, contribute to type 1 diabetes progression, and such interactions are likely to be stabilised by electrostatic and van der Waals forces. As the KIR-HLA-I interactions involve part of the C-terminus of the antigen-binding groove of HLA-I, but may be affected by the respective bound peptide, this suggests a new mechanism for type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.

DATA AVAILABILITY: Clinical data on participants in DPT-1 and TN07 can be obtained from the NIDDK-Central Repository (https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/home) following the formal approval process.},
}

@article {pmid40835222,
year = {2025},
author = {Christopher, CN and Evenson, KR and Howard, AG and Cuthbertson, CC and Di, C and Dieli-Conwright, CM and Eaton, CB and LaCroix, AZ and Lee, IM},
title = {Association of Self-Reported Walking Pace With Cancer Incidence and Mortality: The Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration.},
journal = {Journal of physical activity & health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1123/jpah.2024-0839},
pmid = {40835222},
issn = {1543-5474},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: While the health benefits of walking are well-established, it is not clear if walking pace is associated with cancer-related outcomes.

PURPOSE: To investigate associations of self-reported walking pace with cancer incidence and mortality among women 62-99 years of age in the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration.

METHODS: Women self-reported walking pace, classified as brisk (≥3 mph), average (2-2.9 mph), casual (<2 mph), or does not walk regularly, and were followed for cancer outcomes. Multivariable stratified Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS: There were 22,358 women in the analytic sample. During a mean 8.0 years of follow-up, 1891 women developed cancer (n = 615 cancer deaths). Self-reported walking paces were not associated with all site cancer incidence (compared with a brisk walking pace: average walking pace hazard ratio, 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.23); casual walking pace, 1.15 (0.97-1.33), and does not walk regularly 1.14 (0.97-1.34) nor cancer mortality (average walking pace, 0.97 [0.76-1.25], casual walking pace, 0.98 [0.74-1.30], and does not walk regularly 1.20 [0.90-1.60]). Findings were similar when colon, endometrial, and lung cancer were examined, separately. However, casual walking pace was associated with a higher risk of a composite of inactivity-related cancers (1.21 [1.00-1.47]), and breast cancer (1.40 [1.09-1.80]) compared with a brisk walking pace.

CONCLUSIONS: Slower, compared with faster, self-reported walking paces may be related to a higher risk of some cancers in postmenopausal women. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate mechanisms underlying the associations of walking pace with these cancers.},
}

@article {pmid40833999,
year = {2025},
author = {Singal, AG and Quirk, L and Boike, J and Chernyak, V and Feng, Z and Giamarqo, G and Kanwal, F and Ioannou, GN and Manes, S and Marrero, JA and Mehta, N and Pillai, A and Shaheen, NJ and Shaukat, A and Sirlin, CB and Verna, E and Wani, S and Wilson Woods, A and Yang, JD and Parikh, ND},
title = {Value of HCC surveillance in a landscape of emerging surveillance options: Perspectives of a multi-stakeholder modified Delphi panel.},
journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)},
volume = {82},
number = {3},
pages = {794-809},
pmid = {40833999},
issn = {1527-3350},
mesh = {Humans ; *Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis/prevention & control ; Delphi Technique ; *Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis/prevention & control ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Population Surveillance/methods ; },
abstract = {HCC surveillance is recommended by liver professional societies but lacks broad acceptance by several primary care and cancer societies due to limitations in the existing data. We convened a diverse multidisciplinary group of cancer screening experts to evaluate current and future paradigms of HCC prevention and early detection using a rigorous Delphi panel approach. The experts had high agreement on 21 statements about primary prevention, HCC surveillance benefits, HCC surveillance harms, and the evaluation of emerging surveillance modalities. The experts agreed that current data have methodologic limitations as well as unclear generalizability to Western populations. Although a randomized clinical trial of surveillance versus no surveillance is unlikely feasible, they concurred that alternative designs, such as a comparison of 2 surveillance modalities, could provide indirect evidence of surveillance efficacy. The panel acknowledged the presence of surveillance harms, but concurred the overall value of surveillance appears high, particularly given a greater emphasis on benefits over harms by both patients and clinicians. The experts underscored the importance of a framework for measuring both benefits and harms when evaluating emerging surveillance strategies. The panel acknowledged performance metrics of emerging methods may differ from other cancer screening programs given differences in populations, including higher risk of cancer development and competing risk of morality, and differences in diagnostic workflow in patients at risk of HCC. These data provide insights into the perceived value of HCC surveillance in an era of emerging blood- and imaging-based surveillance strategies.},
}

Humans
*Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis/prevention & control
Delphi Technique
*Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis/prevention & control
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods
Population Surveillance/methods

@article {pmid40833820,
year = {2025},
author = {Beydoun, HA and Manson, JE and Beydoun, MA and Tsai, J and Shadyab, AH and Jung, SY and Liu, S and Allison, M and Ikramuddin, F and Mouton, CP and Nuño, T and Zonderman, AB and Tinker, LF},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Positivity, Indicators of COVID-19 Severity, COVID-19 Hospitalization, and Diabetes Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.},
journal = {Journal of women's health (2002)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1177/15409996251369820},
pmid = {40833820},
issn = {1931-843X},
abstract = {Objective: To examine prospective associations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test positivity, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) symptom severity, and COVID-2019 hospitalization with incident clinical diabetes among aging women. Methods: A cohort study was conducted using data from 34,405 eligible Women's Health Initiative participants who completed ≥1 COVID-2019 surveys (Survey 1: June-December 2020; Survey 2: June 2021-February 2022) and were followed up for an average of 1.86 (±0.49) years, yielding 399 incident diabetes cases. Results: SARS-CoV-2 test positivity was associated with diabetes risk in the age-adjusted Cox regression model (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10, 2.82), but not when fully adjusted (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.88, 2.31). Diabetes risk was higher among those with 1-2 COVID-19 symptoms (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.77) and those with 3± COVID-2019 symptoms (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.22) compared with those without COVID-2019 symptoms in fully-adjusted models, irrespective of self-reported SARS-CoV-2 testing. COVID-2019 hospitalization was associated with 2-3 times the risk of clinical diabetes in age-adjusted (HR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.52, 5.72) and fully-adjusted (HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 0.97, 3.72) models. Conclusions: Age-adjusted self-reported SARS-CoV-2 test positivity was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes. Reporting of COVID-2019 symptoms and being hospitalized for COVID-2019 were each associated with higher incidence of diabetes in aging women, after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health characteristics.},
}

@article {pmid40791471,
year = {2025},
author = {Skeate, JG and Slipek, NJ and Lahr, WS and Roy, S and Wick, BJ and Stelljes, EM and Gilkey, AK and Thenge, PP and Diers, MD and Kar, B and Krueger, JB and Niemeyer, EM and Lonetree, CL and Kluesner, MG and Bell, JB and Clement, K and Provenzano, P and Moriarity, BS and Webber, BR},
title = {A Singular Base Editing Platform for Polyfunctional Multiplex Engineering of Immune Cells.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40791471},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Current methods to engineer antigen-specific receptors rely on randomly integrating vectors or double-strand break induced targeted integration, both of which pose safety risks. To implement an all-in-one tool for multiplex knockout (KO) and knock in (KI), we expand the use of cytosine and adenine base editor (ABE) nickase activity to stimulate homology-directed repair (HDR) and insert clinically relevant chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) into specific loci. Through a novel sgRNA design strategy and a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) delivered DNA template, we enhanced the efficiency of ABE8e-stimulated HDR in human T cells. By combining KI of CD19-, CD33-, or mesothelin-targeting CARs with >95% quadplex gene KO (B2M/CD3ε/PDCD1/CISH), we achieve single-step generation of highly functional off-the-shelf CAR T cell products with enhanced function. Importantly, we found no detectable translocations or significant off-target edits and demonstrated efficacy against multiple cancer lines, and a suppressive 3D spheroid culture model. This efficient engineering process of Iterative Nicking for Synchronous Engineered Reprogramming of T cells (INSERT) establishes a safe, simplified platform for advanced therapeutic CAR T engineering.},
}

@article {pmid40833763,
year = {2025},
author = {Childers, CP and Selzer, DJ and Green, ML and Sutherland, MJ and Senkowski, CK and Mabry, CD},
title = {Generating a New CPT Code Set for Adult and Pediatric Appendectomy.},
journal = {JAMA surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40833763},
issn = {2168-6262},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: There are 3 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for appendectomy-2 codes describing open appendectomy with or without peritonitis or abscess and 1 code for laparoscopic appendectomy regardless of presentation-which have remained the same for more than 30 years. It is possible that physician work (assessed in work relative value units) for these codes will eventually need to be reassessed, and this study may provide an opportunity for modernizing the CPT codes and their descriptions.

OBJECTIVE: To provide empirical data to determine what a new code structure for appendectomy could look like.

This cross-sectional study performed a retrospective review of 2021-2023 US National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) adult and pediatric appendectomy-specific files among adults and children undergoing appendectomy. Data analysis was completed in May 2025.

MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: We sought to identify distinct populations of patients that require different levels of surgeon work, which we measured using operative time, postoperative length of stay, and rates of complications.

RESULTS: The final sample included 110 379 encounters for appendectomy. Approximately one-quarter (28 583 [25.9%]) had complicated disease; only 3057 cases (2.8%) were performed open. Compared to uncomplicated appendicitis in children and adults (aged 6-64 years), we found the following factors were significantly associated with changes (generally increases) in surgeon work using our measures: complicated disease, age 5 years or younger and 65 years or older, and whether the procedure was for interval appendectomy or performed for tumor. Based on these stratifying variables, we propose 16 new codes-8 laparoscopic and 8 open-that identify unique populations of patients undergoing appendectomy with different work profiles.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study, we provide the first empirical strategy for identifying new codes for appendectomy using objective measures of surgeon work. If appendectomy ever undergoes review of its relative work, this study provides a potential framework for improving the CPT codes and describing the nuances of appendectomy in the modern era.},
}

@article {pmid40831667,
year = {2025},
author = {Gross, ME and Pike, M and Alson, J and Williams, P and Wood, ME and Marsh, E and Carey, E and Stürmer, T and Katz, R and Robinson, WR and Doll, KM},
title = {Risk factors for delayed diagnosis of endometrial cancer among black individuals: Results from the GUIDE-EC study.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology reports},
volume = {60},
number = {},
pages = {101922},
pmid = {40831667},
issn = {2352-5789},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Black patients with endometrial cancer (EC) experience disproportionately advanced stage at diagnosis. We aimed to identify variables, beyond race and histologic subtype, which increase risk for delayed diagnosis of EC.

METHODS: This is a retrospective study of Black individuals with EC in a large academic-affiliated healthcare system from 2014 to 2020. Primary outcome was delayed diagnosis of EC, defined as prolonged time to diagnosis (>28 days to reach diagnosis). We used descriptive statistics, univariate regression, and factor analysis to identify variables associated with delayed diagnosis, achieve data reduction, and calculate odds ratios for delayed diagnosis.

RESULTS: Of 388 patients with EC included for analysis, one fifth (n = 79, 20 %) experienced delayed diagnosis. Ultrasound had the strongest association with delayed diagnosis in univariate regression (OR 4.4, 95 % CI 2.4, 7.8) and factor analysis (OR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.6, 3.0). BMI ≥ 40 (OR 1.9, 95 % CI 1.1, 3.3) was also associated with delayed diagnosis. Age ≥ 50 was associated with decreased odds of delayed diagnosis (OR 0.3, 95 % CI 0.2, 0.7). Presence of an endometrial biopsy was associated with decreased odds of delayed diagnosis on univariate regression (OR 0.4, 95 % CI 0.2, 1.4).

CONCLUSIONS: A fifth of Black patients with EC experienced delayed diagnosis, and preoperative ultrasound was most strongly associated with delayed diagnosis. Providers should consider a tissue-sampling-first approach in Black patients at risk for EC.},
}

@article {pmid40829965,
year = {2025},
author = {Gustav, M and van Treeck, M and Reitsam, NG and Carrero, ZI and Loeffler, CML and Rabasco Meneghetti, A and Märkl, B and Boardman, LA and French, AJ and Goode, EL and Gsur, A and Brezina, S and Gunter, MJ and Murphy, N and Hönscheid, P and Sperling, C and Foersch, S and Steinfelder, R and Harrison, T and Peters, U and Phipps, A and Kather, JN},
title = {Assessing genotype-phenotype correlations in colorectal cancer with deep learning: a multicentre cohort study.},
journal = {The Lancet. Digital health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100891},
doi = {10.1016/j.landig.2025.100891},
pmid = {40829965},
issn = {2589-7500},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Deep learning-based models enable the prediction of molecular biomarkers from histopathology slides of colorectal cancer stained with haematoxylin and eosin; however, few studies have assessed prediction targets beyond microsatellite instability (MSI), BRAF, and KRAS systematically. We aimed to develop and validate a multi-target model based on deep learning for the simultaneous prediction of numerous genetic alterations and their associated phenotypes in colorectal cancer.

METHODS: In this multicentre cohort study, tissue samples from patients with colorectal cancer were obtained by surgical resection and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. These samples were then digitised into whole-slide images and used to train and test a transformer-based deep learning algorithm for biomarker detection to simultaneously predict multiple genetic alterations and provide heatmap explanations. The primary dataset comprised 1376 patients from five cohorts who underwent comprehensive panel sequencing, with an additional 536 patients from two public datasets for validation. We compared the model's performance against conventional single-target models and examined the co-occurrence of alterations and shared morphology.

FINDINGS: The multi-target model was able to predict numerous biomarkers from pathology slides, matching and partly exceeding single-target transformers. In the primary external validation cohorts, mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the multi-target transformer was 0·78 (SD 0·01) for BRAF, 0·88 (0·01) for hypermutation, 0·93 (0·01) for MSI, and 0·86 (0·01) for RNF43; predictive performance was consistent across metrics and supported by co-occurrence analyses. However, biomarkers with high AUROCs largely correlated with MSI, with model predictions depending considerably on morphology associated with MSI at pathological examination.

INTERPRETATION: By use of morphology associated with MSI and more subtle biomarker-specific patterns within a shared phenotype, the multi-target transformers efficiently predicted biomarker status for diverse genetic alterations in colorectal cancer from slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin. These results highlight the importance of considering mutational co-occurrence and common morphology in biomarker research based on deep learning. Our validated and scalable model could support extension to other cancers and large, diverse cohorts, potentially facilitating cost-effective pre-screening and streamlined diagnostics in precision oncology.

FUNDING: German Federal Ministry of Health, Max-Eder-Programme of German Cancer Aid, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, German Academic Exchange Service, and the EU.},
}

@article {pmid40829964,
year = {2025},
author = {Maughan, BL and Dyrskjøt, L and Grivas, P and Alcaraz, A and Antonarakis, ES and Bilen, MA and Bivalacqua, T and Cooperberg, MR and Cheng, L and Gupta, S},
title = {The Role of Liquid Biopsy in the Management of Patients with Genitourinary Malignancies.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.eururo.2025.07.016},
pmid = {40829964},
issn = {1873-7560},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Liquid biopsy testing refers to the use of specific analytical methods to detect disease-related biomarkers in blood or its components. These tests can be either qualitative or quantitative. Liquid biopsy testing is increasingly used in patient care. Here, we explore all the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications for liquid biopsies related to genitourinary oncology. The secondary objective is to describe a few other potential uses of this technology that may become approved soon.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of all FDA approvals from 2015 through 2025. We interrogated multiple FDA databases to capture both tumor-specific and tissue-agnostic approvals. We limited the search to indications related to or requiring biomarker testing to assess the value of liquid biopsy testing. A total of 1119 approvals were identified. Of these, nine unique drug approvals related to genitourinary cancers require molecular testing. We then identified the registrational trials used for those approvals through PubMed and present the results here. For the secondary endpoints, we identified examples published within the past 10 yr.

KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: The current use for liquid biopsy testing based on regulatory approval is for predicting treatment response. There are nine FDA-approved drugs or drug combinations applicable to clinical practice for patients with genitourinary malignancies. Liquid biopsy testing is currently available to identify patients for most of these indications. We highlight the limitations associated with current liquid biopsy testing.

Currently, there are multiple clinical indications for liquid biopsy in routine clinical practice. These FDA-approved indications can significantly improve the outcomes for biomarker-selected patients. All providers treating patients with a genitourinary malignancy are encouraged to use these tools regularly when indicated to improve patient care. Additional applications are expected to become available for routine clinical use in the future.},
}

@article {pmid40829691,
year = {2025},
author = {Schaefer, DA and Longley, RM and Wolfe, ED and Keane, EP and Larizza, IS and Boardman, AC and Rosenberg, J and Mate-Kole, M and Waldman, LP and Majhail, N and Lee, SJ and Khera, N and Amonoo, HL},
title = {Financial toxicity, psychological well-being, and quality of life in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2025.08.012},
pmid = {40829691},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Financial toxicity is a well-documented consequence of cancer care and may disproportionately impact patients with hematologic malignancies due to high cost and intensity of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This population is particularly vulnerable to the psychological consequences of financial toxicity; however, the longitudinal relationship between financial toxicity and psychological well-being-particularly positive psychological well-being-remains understudied.

OBJECTIVE: To assess longitudinal associations between financial toxicity and patient-reported psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms), positive psychological well-being (PPWB), coping, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with hematologic malignancies who received allogeneic HSCT.

STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a secondary analysis of prospective longitudinal data from 150 adult allogeneic HSCT recipients to examine the associations between financial toxicity and patient-reported psychological distress, PPWB, coping, and QOL in allogeneic HSCT survivors. Financial toxicity was measured using the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity. Patient-reported psychological distress was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the PTSD Checklist. PPWB was measured using the Revised Life Orientation Test, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Flourishing Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Coping was assessed using the Brief-COPE, and QOL with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation. We fitted a mixed-effects model for each outcome, adjusting for age, employment status, income, type of transplant, and transplant setting.

RESULTS: Among 150 participants (58.7% men; 94.6% non-Hispanic/Latino; 92.0% White; mean age 57.5 years [SD 13.5]), adjusted mixed-effects models indicated that lower financial toxicity was associated with lower anxiety (β=-0.104; p<0.001), lower depression (β=-0.117; p<0.001), and fewer PTSD symptoms (β=-0.280; p<0.001). Lower financial toxicity was also associated with higher optimism (β=0.112; p<0.001), positive affect (β=0.197; p<0.001), flourishing (β=0.201; p<0.001), and life satisfaction (β=0.181; p<0.001), as well as lower avoidant coping (β=-0.043; p<0.001) and improved quality of life (β=0.596; p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Lower financial toxicity was significantly associated with improved psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms), positive psychological well-being (optimism, positive affect, flourishing, and satisfaction with life), avoidant coping, and QOL in allogeneic HSCT survivors. These findings suggest that supportive interventions targeting financial toxicity in the HSCT population have the potential to impact psychological well-being, coping, and QOL, warranting further study.},
}

@article {pmid40829344,
year = {2025},
author = {Gaspar-Maia, A and Sasamoto, N},
title = {Prevention, early detection & interception: 15th biennial ovarian cancer research symposium.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology},
volume = {201},
number = {},
pages = {83-85},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.08.012},
pmid = {40829344},
issn = {1095-6859},
abstract = {This article summarizes the key findings presented in the Prevention, Early Detection, & Interception Session at 15th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium organized by the Rivkin Center for Ovarian Cancer and American Association for Cancer Research on September 20-21st in Seattle, Washington. The wide range of topics covered in this session included prevention, early detection, and its interception in basic science, clinical science, and population science. More specifically, risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women at high-risk of ovarian cancer, biology of early progression, mechanisms involved in the transition from precursor lesion to high grade serous ovarian cancer, population-based studies on prevention, and early detection biomarkers of ovarian cancer were discussed.},
}

@article {pmid40829117,
year = {2025},
author = {Naik, S and Aplenc, R and Baumeister, SHC and Becilli, M and Bhagwat, AS and Bonifant, CL and Budde, LE and Chien, CD and Curran, KJ and Daniyan, AF and Dreyzin, A and Gardner, RA and Ghorashian, S and Gottschalk, S and Hill, LC and Kohler, ME and Lamble, AJ and Locatelli, F and Mamonkin, M and Omer, B and Park, JH and Quintarelli, C and Rambaldi, B and Richards, RM and Sallman, DA and Sauer, T and Shah, NN and Subklewe, M and Summers, C and Tasian, SK and Taylor, N and Tettamanti, S and Verneris, MR and Velasquez, MP and Gill, SI},
title = {International Consensus Guidelines for the Conduct and Reporting of CAR T-Cell Clinical Trials in AML.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025017011},
pmid = {40829117},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Early clinical experience with the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been beset by high rates of toxicities and low rates of response. We convened an international workshop with the goal of bringing investigators in the field of AML-directed CAR-T cell therapy together to facilitate discussion of roadblocks and to brainstorm potential solutions. Based on discussions at the workshop, it was evident (i) that treating and targeting AML with CAR-T cells is associated with unique clinical challenges, and (ii) that variability in clinical trial design, definitions of toxicities, correlative data collection, and reporting methods hinders the field's ability to compare study outcomes and to develop best practices. Further, details of fundamental CAR-T cell attributes and key correlates of efficacy and toxicity were not uniformly reported in published studies, limiting understanding of barriers to success. These observations led to a concerted team effort in which experts in basic/translational science and clinical investigation from pediatric and adult centers worked together to streamline key attributes of clinical trial design and reporting. Consensus criteria were discussed and agreed upon leading to the creation of a white paper. These guidelines aim to bolster the overall quality of AML-directed CAR-T cell research, allow for comparisons across trials and to inform the next phase of development of AML-directed CAR-T cell therapies that we hope will improve patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40829104,
year = {2025},
author = {Tam, CS and Anderson, MA and Simkovic, M and Ghia, P and Flinn, IW and Laribi, K and Opat, SS and Cull, G and Munir, T and Österborg, A and Tedeschi, A and Wang, MY and Szeto, AH and Allewelt, H and Salmi, T and Li, J and Xu, L and Wu, K and Vezan, R and Shadman, M and Brown, JR},
title = {Zanubrutinib in the treatment of patients with del(17p) and/or TP53 CLL/SLL: analysis across clinical studies.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025015986},
pmid = {40829104},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) who harbor del(17p) and/or tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations represent a high-risk population with a historically poor prognosis. To assess zanubrutinib efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with CLL/SLL with del(17p) and/or TP53 mutations (N=301; n=132, treatment-naive; n=169, relapsed/refractory), data from SEQUOIA (phase 3; treatment-naive; zanubrutinib; NCT03336333), ALPINE (phase 3; relapsed/refractory; zanubrutinib versus ibrutinib; NCT03734016) and AU-003 (phase 1/2; zanubrutinib) were evaluated. In SEQUOIA (n=127; median follow-up, 64.8 months), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached; estimated 60-month PFS and OS were 70.7% and 82.3%, respectively. In ALPINE (n=75, each treatment arm; median follow-up, 39.0 months), 36-month PFS rates were 59.2% among zanubrutinib-treated patients and 38.5% among ibrutinib-treated patients, and OS rates were 73.6% and 72.5%, respectively. In AU-003 (n=24; median follow-up, 69.6 months), 10/24 patients experienced progressive disease. Rate of response with zanubrutinib in SEQUOIA was 96.9% (95% CI: 95.2-98.8), in ALPINE was 89.3% (95% CI: 80.1-95.3) with zanubrutinib versus 76.0% (95% CI, 64.7-85.1%) with ibrutinib. Responses deepened over time in both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory populations. The most frequent non-hematologic treatment-emergent adverse events occurring in >20% zanubrutinib-treated patients with del(17p) and/or TP53 mutations in SEQUOIA and ALPINE were COVID-19, upper respiratory tract infection, arthralgia, diarrhea and contusion. In conclusion, zanubrutinib demonstrated strong efficacy in high-risk del(17p) and/or TP53 CLL/SLL, with a tolerable safety profile, further supporting use of zanubrutinib in both frontline and relapsed/refractory settings.},
}

@article {pmid40828791,
year = {2025},
author = {Maenetje, N and Oladimeji, M and Mlotshwa, M and Hoft, D and Lindan, C and Wallis, R and Charalambous, S and Churchyard, G and Edward, V and Fiore-Gartland, A and Shai, J and Maenetje, P},
title = {Epidemiological factors associated with immunological resistance in household contacts exposed to active tuberculosis in South Africa: A logistic regression analysis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {8},
pages = {e0329562},
pmid = {40828791},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Studying individuals who do not get infected with tuberculosis (TB) despite being persistently exposed to infectious TB may enable us to identify TB protective mechanisms.

METHODS: Between Apr 2015 and Apr 2017, we recruited adult household contacts (HHCs) of index TB cases (GeneXpert and sputum smear-positive) in Rustenburg, South Africa. HIV-uninfected HHCs who tested positive on both Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube (QFT) were defined as having latent TB infection (QFT + TST+), and those who tested double negative (QFT-TST-) were defined as uninfected with TB. The level of risk for TB infection was evaluated using an epidemiologic risk score. We compared epidemiological and clinical characteristics between the groups and used logic regression to identify factors associated with being QFT-TST-.

RESULTS: Of the 235 household contacts screened, 109 (46.3%) were QFT + TST + , 46 (19.5%) were TST-QFT-, 73 (30.1%) had discordant results, and 7 (2.9%) were excluded based on being HIV positive, already having active TB disease or had missing QFT/TST results. After 3 months, 27 (58.6%) of HHCs remained persistently negative. Younger age, higher number of household windows and habitable rooms, and relations with the index case were independently associated with being QFT-TST-. In the multivariable analysis, younger age (OR: 2.81, 95% CI, 1.23-6.47) and living in homes with more rooms (OR: 4.62, 95% CI, 1.81-11.79) remained associated with being QFT-TST-. We found no association between QFT-TST- and factors such as time spent with the index case, type of house, number of household occupants, or the risk score.

CONCLUSION: Our findings that both younger age and larger living quarters were associated with QFT-TST- status may suggest reduced exposure to TB. We found no association between the epidemiological TB risk score consisting of multiple TB infection risk factors and QFT-TST- status, suggesting other factors may play a role in remaining TB uninfected despite exposure.},
}

@article {pmid40827718,
year = {2025},
author = {Lindsay, J and Zamora, D},
title = {Mortality Associated With Cytomegalovirus Reactivation After Umbilical Cord Blood HCT.},
journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70091},
doi = {10.1111/tid.70091},
pmid = {40827718},
issn = {1399-3062},
support = {//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; T32AI118690/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; K23AI163343/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; },
}

@article {pmid40826184,
year = {2025},
author = {Tran, DT and Jin, R and Zhu, H and Schmidt, G and Spellman, SR and Ballen, KK},
title = {Real-world graft utilization after CTN-1101: a registry-based analysis of haploidentical graft versus umbilical cord blood trends.},
journal = {Bone marrow transplantation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40826184},
issn = {1476-5365},
support = {U24CA076518//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | U.S. Public Health Service (United States Public Health Service)/ ; U24CA076518//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | U.S. Public Health Service (United States Public Health Service)/ ; },
abstract = {Randomized clinical trials are expensive and not always practice changing. The Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (CTN) 1101 trial (2012-2018) showed a lower two-year overall survival after umbilical cord blood (UCB) compared to haploidentical graft (haplo) transplants. To quantify the change in graft utilization after the trial's publication, a cohort of 11,190 U.S. adult HCT recipients selected with inclusion/exclusion criteria similar to CTN-1101's were analyzed across three time periods: 2010-2012 (pre-study), 2013-2018 (during-study), and 2019-2022 (post-study). We found a significant increase in haplo utilization compared to UCB, with the trend beginning around 2013. Compared to non-Hispanic White, Black recipients were more likely to receive haplo, Asian recipients were less likely, and Hispanic recipients had similar rates. We also expanded our analyses to 61,465 patients to assess haplo and UCB utilization compared to other allogeneic donors. In this cohort, utilization of alternative donor grafts increased when compared to HLA-matched related or unrelated donor grafts for Black, Hispanic, and Asian recipients. Our findings demonstrate practice change toward haplo transplants had begun before the CTN-1101 trial's publication and continued to significantly increase afterward. HLA-mismatched donors are vital alternative graft sources, allowing patients of all backgrounds to receive HCT.},
}

@article {pmid40824476,
year = {2025},
author = {Jones, SMW and Kent, EE and Caru, M and Arem, H and Kim, Y and Song, L and Langer, SL},
title = {Educational Targets for Patient-Reported Outcomes and Caregiver-Reported Outcomes in Psycho-oncology Research.},
journal = {Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40824476},
issn = {1543-0154},
abstract = {Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and caregiver-reported outcomes (CROs) are tools for evaluating behavioral medicine interventions and for bringing the patient voice into observational research. This study aimed to identify barriers to using PROs/CROs in behavioral cancer research and to equitably address those barriers. Forty-nine members of a cancer special interest group from a research society completed surveys in early 2023 about needs related to the use of PROs and CROs. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize results. Most participants used PROs (n = 34, 69%) but few frequently used CROs (n = 12, 24%). More than 80% of the sample were familiar with common PRO/CRO properties such as reliability and validity. Participants reported considering a wide variety of population characteristics when using PROs and CROs, including language (n = 31, 70%) and education level (n = 31, 70%). The most common barriers to using PROs/CROs in research were time, funding, and technology with many reflecting potential reasons for inequitable representation of certain groups in research. Webinars were the most preferred educational format (n = 38, 78%) for resources related to PROs/CROs. Many participants encountered barriers to using PROs in research. Creation and dissemination of educational resources to promote equitable use of PROs/CROs across underrepresented groups and overcome common barriers to use of these measurement tools are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid40778152,
year = {2025},
author = {Huerta-Chagoya, A and Kim, J and Mandla, R and Lu, Y and Suzuki, K and Petty, LE and Ng, HK and Choi, J and Lee, S and Rout, M and Lin, K and Adair, LS and Adeyemo, A and Ahsan, H and Akiyama, M and An, P and Anand, SS and Becker, DM and Bertoni, AG and Bian, Z and Bielak, LF and Blangero, J and Boehnke, M and Bottinger, EP and Bowden, DW and Bragg, F and Brody, JA and Buchanan, TA and Cade, BE and Chai, JF and Chambers, JC and Chandak, GR and Chang, LC and Chang, KM and Chee, ML and Chen, CH and Chen, YT and Chen, Z and Chen, YI and Chen, J and Chen, G and Chen, SH and Chen, WM and Cheng, CY and Cho, YS and Choi, HS and Chuang, LM and Cruz, M and Cushman, M and Das, SK and DeFronzo, RA and deSilva, HJ and Dimitrov, L and Doumatey, AP and Du, S and Duan, Q and Duggirala, R and Emery, LS and Engert, JC and Evans, DS and Evans, MK and Finer, S and Florez, JC and Floyd, JS and Fornage, M and Frankel, EG and Freedman, BI and García-García, L and Genter, P and Gerstein, HC and Goodarzi, MO and Gordon-Larsen, P and Graff, M and Gross, M and Guo, Y and Guo, X and Hai, Y and Hanis, CL and Hayes, M and Horikoshi, M and Howard, AG and Hsu, S and Hsueh, W and Huang, W and Huang, M and Hung, YJ and Hwang, MY and Hwu, CM and Ichihara, S and Igase, M and Ipp, E and Islam, MT and Isono, M and Jang, HM and Jasmine, F and Jonas, JB and Joo, YY and Kabagambe, E and Kadowaki, T and Kamatani, Y and Kandeel, FR and Kardia, SLR and Karlson, EW and Kasturiratne, A and Kato, N and Katsuya, T and Kaur, V and Kawaguchi, T and Keaton, JM and Kho, AN and Khor, CC and Kibriya, M and Kim, BJ and Koh, WP and Kohara, K and Kooner, JS and Kooperberg, C and Kreienkamp, RJ and Lamri, A and Lange, LA and Lee, NR and Lee, MS and Lee, JJ and Lehman, DM and Li, L and Li, Y and Lim, VJ and Liu, J and Liu, Y and Liu, S and Long, J and Louie, T and Luo, X and Lv, J and Lynch, JA and Maeda, S and Mahajan, A and Maruthur, NM and Matsuda, F and McCarthy, MI and McKean-Cowdin, R and Meigs, JB and Millwood, IY and Mohlke, KL and Motala, AA and Nadkarni, GN and Nadler, JL and Nakatochi, M and Nalls, MA and Nayak, U and Nicolas, A and North, KE and Nousome, D and Okada, Y and Pan, I and Pankow, JS and Paré, G and Park, J and Park, KS and Parra, EJ and Patel, SR and Pereira, MA and Peyser, PA and Pirie, FJ and Preuss, M and Province, MA and Psaty, BM and Raffel, LJ and Raffield, LM and Rasmussen-Torvik, LJ and Redline, S and Reiner, AP and Rich, SS and Rohde, R and Roll, K and Roshani, R and Rotimi, CN and Sabanayagam, C and Saleheen, D and Sandow, K and Schurmann, C and Shahriar, M and Shaw, DM and Sheu, WH and Shi, J and Shu, XO and Shuey, MM and Siddiqui, MK and Smith, JA and Sofer, T and Spracklen, CN and Stilp, AM and Sun, M and Tabara, Y and Tai, ES and Tajuddin, SM and Takahashi, A and Takeuchi, F and Tan, J and Taylor, KD and Taylor, K and Thameem, F and Tong, L and Tsai, FJ and Tsao, PS and Udler, MS and Valladares-Salgado, A and van Heel, DA and vanDam, RM and Varma, R and Vora, M and Wacher-Rodarte, N and Wang, YX and Wheeler, E and Whitsel, EA and Wickremasinghe, AR and Wojcik, GL and Wong, TY and Wu, JY and Xiang, YB and Xiang, AH and Yajnik, CS and Yamamoto, K and Yamauchi, T and Yanek, LR and Yao, J and Yokota, M and Yu, C and Yuan, JM and Yusuf, S and Zeggini, E and Zhang, L and Zhang, W and Zheng, W and Zonderman, AB and , and , and , and Aguilar-Salinas, CA and González-Villalpando, C and Haiman, CA and Kim, YJ and Kwak, SH and Leong, A and Loos, RJF and Moreno-Estrada, A and Morris, AP and Orozco, L and Rotter, JI and Sanghera, D and Tusie-Luna, T and Voight, BF and Vujkovic, M and Walters, RG and Ge, T and Manning, AK and Loh, M and Below, JE and Sim, X and Mercader, JM and Ng, MCY and , },
title = {Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40778152},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) prediction beyond clinical risk factors but perform poorly in non-European populations, where T2D burden is often higher, undermining their global clinical utility.

METHODS: We conducted the largest global effort to date to harmonize T2D genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses across five ancestries-European (EUR), African/African American (AFR), Admixed American (AMR), South Asian (SAS), and East Asian (EAS)-including 360,000 T2D cases and 1·8 million controls (41% non-EUR). We constructed ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSs in training datasets including 11,000 T2D cases and 32,000 controls, and validated their performance in independent datasets including 39,000 T2D cases and 126,000 controls of diverse ancestries. In the All of Us Research Program, we compared these PRSs to those from the Polygenic Score Catalog and assessed their ability to predict diabetes micro- and macrovascular complications.

FINDINGS: Ancestry-specific PRSs showed limited prediction power for T2D in AFR, AMR, and SAS compared to EUR and EAS. In contrast, multi-ancestry PRSs, built using GWAS data from five ancestries, substantially improved T2D prediction across all ancestries. Compared to those in the interquartile range, individuals at the 97·5[th] percentile of their PRSs had a 6-fold increased T2D risk in AMR, EAS, and EUR, and ≥3-fold in AFR and SAS. These PRSs were also associated with the development of microvascular complications and outperformed all previously reported PRSs for all ancestries.

INTERPRETATION: We developed and extensively validated the most up-to-date T2D PRSs across diverse ancestry groups. These PRSs are publicly available to support further evaluation of their clinical utility in diverse ancestries.},
}

@article {pmid40777412,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, G and Yan, R and Song, AH and Hsieh, HC and Barner, LAE and Wang, F and Brenes, D and Chow, SSL and Wang, R and Bishop, KW and Liu, Y and Farre, X and Divatia, M and Downes, MR and Vakar-Lopez, F and Lal, P and Burke, W and Madabhushi, A and True, LD and Reddi, DM and Grady, WM and Mahmood, F and Liu, JTC},
title = {Deep-learning triage of 3D pathology datasets for comprehensive and efficient pathologist assessments.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40777412},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Standard-of-care slide-based 2D histopathology severely undersamples spatially heterogeneous tissue specimens, with each thin 2D section representing <1% of the entire tissue volume (in the case of a biopsy). Recent advances in non-destructive 3D pathology, such as open-top light-sheet microscopy (OTLS), enable comprehensive high-resolution imaging of large clinical specimens. While fully automated computational analyses of such 3D pathology datasets are being explored, a potential low-risk route for accelerated clinical adoption would be to continue to rely upon pathologists to provide final diagnoses. Since manual review of these massive and complex 3D datasets is infeasible for routine clinical practice, we present CARP3D, a deep learning triage framework that identifies high-risk 2D cross sections within large 3D pathology datasets to enable time-efficient pathologist evaluation. CARP3D assigns risk scores to all 2D levels within a tissue volume by leveraging context from a subset of neighboring depth levels, outperforming models in which predictions are based on isolated 2D levels. In two use cases - risk stratification based on prostate cancer biopsies and screening for dysplasia/cancer in endoscopic biopsies of Barrett's esophagus - AI-triaged 3D pathology, enabled by CARP3D, demonstrates the potential to improve the detection of high-risk diseases in comparison to slide-based 2D histopathology while optimizing pathologist workloads.},
}

@article {pmid40823432,
year = {2024},
author = {Evenson, KR and Howard, AG and Wen, F and Di, C and Lee, IM},
title = {Identifying Multicomponent Patterns and Correlates of Accelerometry-Assessed Physical Behaviors Among Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration.},
journal = {Journal for the measurement of physical behaviour},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {40823432},
issn = {2575-6613},
support = {R01 CA227122/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Understanding the simultaneous patterning of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior (physical behaviors) can inform targeted interventions. This cross-sectional study described multi-component patterns and correlates of physical behaviors using accelerometry among diverse postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration combined two United States-based cohorts of postmenopausal women with similar accelerometry protocols and measures. Women (n=22,612) 62 to 97 years enrolled in the Women's Health Study (n=16,742) and the Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study (n=5870) wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip for one week. Awake-time accelerometry data were summarized using the accelerometer activity index into sedentary behavior, light (low, high), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Latent class analysis was used to classify physical behavior hour-by-hour. Five unique patterns were identified with higher total volume of physical activity and lower sedentary behavior with each successively higher-class number based on percentage of the day in physical activity/sedentary behavior per hour over seven days. The percentage assignment was 16.3% class 1, 33.9% class 2, 20.2% class 3, 18.0% class 4, and 11.7% class 5. Median posterior probabilities ranged from 0.99-1.00. Younger age, higher education and general health, normal weight, never smokers, weekly drinking, and faster self-reported walking speed generally had higher class assignment compared to their counterparts. History of diabetes and cardiovascular disease generally had lower class assignment compared to those without these conditions. These results can inform targeted interventions based on common patterns of physical behaviors by time of day among postmenopausal women.},
}

@article {pmid40821852,
year = {2025},
author = {Choo, S and Tong, AH and Fields, E and Mack, HM and Humbert, O and Radtke, S and Kiem, HP},
title = {A rescue fanconi anemia humanized mouse model with endogenous FA mutation and high human hematopoietic stem cell chimerism.},
journal = {Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {101528},
pmid = {40821852},
issn = {2329-0501},
abstract = {Autologous transplantation of ex vivo gene-modified/corrected hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) offers a definitive therapeutic approach to restore hematopoiesis in Fanconi anemia (FA) patients. However, this approach not only requires ex vivo treatment of patient HSCs in specialized facilities but also inevitably results in a loss of fragile and limited patient HSCs. In vivo correction of HSCs directly in the patient can overcome these limitations. To develop such in vivo gene therapy (GT) strategies, an appropriate in vivo model with sufficient target human HSCs carrying the disease-associated mutation is crucial. However, due to the proliferative defect imposed on FA-mutant cells, it is difficult to establish a humanized mouse model with a high engraftment of mutant HSCs. Here, we report a humanized mouse model of FA that results in high chimerism with FA-mutant human HSCs. We demonstrate successful engraftment, uncompromised proliferation, and long-term persistence of the FA-mutant HSCs facilitated by the full-length FANCA expression introduced via a lentiviral vector. This model resolves the lack of an in vivo FA disease model with human HSCs and is a promising platform for testing in vivo gene editing strategies targeting human cells.},
}

@article {pmid40820767,
year = {2025},
author = {Mizuno, S and Gras, L and Baaij, LGA and Koster, L and D'Souza, A and Hari, PN and Estrada-Merly, N and Saber, W and Cowan, AJ and Iida, M and Okamoto, S and Takamatsu, H and Kawamura, K and Kodera, Y and Hamad, N and Ko, BS and Liam, C and Ho, KW and Goh, AS and Keat, TS and Elhaddad, AM and Bazarbachi, A and Chaudhry, BQUN and Alfar, R and Bekadja, MA and Benakli, M and Ortiz, CAF and Riva, E and Verburgh, E and Galeano, S and Bass, F and Mian, H and McCurdy, A and Wang, FR and Neumann, D and Koh, MBC and Snowden, JA and Schönland, S and McLornan, DP and Hayden, PJ and Balari, AMS and Greinix, HT and Aljurf, M and Atsuta, Y and Rondelli, D and Niederwieser, DW and Garderet, L},
title = {The impact of age on survival and excess mortality after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.},
journal = {Haematologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3324/haematol.2025.288041},
pmid = {40820767},
issn = {1592-8721},
abstract = {Despite the availability of novel agents, autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) remains the standard of care in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The impact of age on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), relapse incidence, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and excess mortality (taking account of general population mortality) was investigated using information on 61,797 MM patients transplanted between 2013 and 2017. The median age at auto-HCT was 60.8 (range: 18.1-83.2) years of whom 2.0% were 18-39 years, 68.9% 40-64 years, 21.8% 65-69 years, 6.5% 70-74 years, and 0.8% ≥75 years of age, respectively. The corresponding OS probabilities at three years were 85.9%, 82.8%, 81.1%, 78.4%, and 74.8%, respectively (p<0.001). Excess mortality cumulative incidences were 13.1%, 15.0%, 14.6%, 15.0%, and 14.1% at three years, respectively (p=0.67). In multivariable analyses, older age was a significant risk factor for OS, PFS, and NRM but not for excess mortality or relapse risk. Our results indicate that advanced age alone should not preclude the use of auto-HCT in patients with MM.},
}

@article {pmid40820557,
year = {2025},
author = {Cooper, N and Kruse, C and Deneen Morgan, S and Laurent, J and Arvelo-Saillant, M and Roussy, JP and Cordoba, M and Gouia, I and Schmitt, LA and Reineke, E and Gernsheimer, T},
title = {Patient survey in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): Identifying unmet needs related to treatment and disease control in patients living in the United States.},
journal = {British journal of haematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/bjh.20257},
pmid = {40820557},
issn = {1365-2141},
support = {//Sanofi/ ; },
abstract = {Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a chronic disease with primary therapeutic goals of platelet count recovery to safe levels to minimize active/future bleeding, alongside easing additional symptoms negatively impacting overall patient well-being with consequent improvement in physical fatigue/energy levels, daily/work-related activities and social/emotional health. Documentation of this rare disease is important for evaluating real-world experiences in treatment satisfaction, expectations and unmet needs in disease management. This cross-sectional, real-world evidence survey was conducted from 9 February 2023 to 4 April 2023, by the Platelet Disorder Support Association and Sanofi in US adults diagnosed with ITP for ≥1 year. Results showed that although most patients receive and adhere to treatment, lack of sustained efficacy fuels a need for more effective therapy. Patients desired long-term ITP control and were most concerned with increasing/stabilizing platelet counts and decreasing fatigue and bleeding severity. Better treatment was needed to ease burdensome health-related quality of life symptoms, especially physical fatigue and anxiety, and decrease effects on daily life and activities. Additionally, involvement in shared decision-making and engagement in educational, digital healthcare and psychological support were preferred. Overall, ITP patients desired long-term disease management options that improved platelet counts, minimized bleeding and reduced physical fatigue and anxiety, while also engaging in patient support options.},
}

@article {pmid40819165,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, E and Bieniosek, M and Wu, Z and Thakkar, N and Charville, GW and Makky, A and Schürch, CM and Huyghe, JR and Peters, U and Li, CI and Li, L and Giba, H and Behera, V and Raman, A and Trevino, AE and Mayer, AT and Zou, J},
title = {ROSIE: AI generation of multiplex immunofluorescence staining from histopathology images.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {7633},
pmid = {40819165},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is a common and inexpensive histopathology assay. Though widely used and information-rich, it cannot directly inform about specific molecular markers, which require additional experiments to assess. To address this gap, we present ROSIE, a deep-learning framework that computationally imputes the expression and localization of dozens of proteins from H&E images. Our model is trained on a dataset of over 1300 paired and aligned H&E and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) samples from over a dozen tissues and disease conditions, spanning over 16 million cells. Validation of our in silico mIF staining method on held-out H&E samples demonstrates that the predicted biomarkers are effective in identifying cell phenotypes, particularly distinguishing lymphocytes such as B cells and T cells, which are not readily discernible with H&E staining alone. Additionally, ROSIE facilitates the robust identification of stromal and epithelial microenvironments and immune cell subtypes like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which are important for understanding tumor-immune interactions and can help inform treatment strategies in cancer research.},
}

@article {pmid40818320,
year = {2025},
author = {McElvania, E and Rao, D and Greninger, AL and Harnett, G and Larcena, A and Patel, A and Webster, B and Ulen, C and Green, DF and King, D and Patel, DR and Jandali, I and Gibson, J and Killion, J and Atwi, J and Bergmann, KR and Slade, L and Staat, MA and Faron, M and Washington, M and Patel, R and Annamalai, R and Ackerman, R and Stewart, WP and Mora Amador, Y and Raman, A and Liu, X},
title = {Evaluation of Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus for nasal and nasopharyngeal specimens tested in CLIA-accredited and CLIA-waived settings.},
journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology},
volume = {180},
number = {},
pages = {105851},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105851},
pmid = {40818320},
issn = {1873-5967},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses are responsible for millions of healthcare visits annually. The unpredictable periodicity of Coronavirus disease 2019 and seasonal patterns of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus result in concurrent circulation of these viruses with non-specific and overlapping clinical symptoms.

STUDY DESIGN: This study evaluated the Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus test using 3011 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and 2943 anterior nasal (NS) specimens. The assay was evaluated in CLIA-accredited (CA) laboratories with laboratory trained operators and CLIA-waived (CW) settings with non-laboratory personnel. Results were compared to the BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.1 for SARS-CoV-2 and Hologic Panther Fusion Flu A/B/RSV for influenza A, influenza B, and RSV. Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus testing of NPS and NS specimens had high positive and negative agreement with reference testing.

RESULTS: Overall agreement for NPS was 98.8 %, 99.1 %, 99.9 %, and 100 % for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV, respectively. For NS, overall agreement was 98.7 %, 99.3 %, 99.9 %, and 99.9 % for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV, respectively. Specimen testing performed at CA and CW locations also had high positive and negative agreement with reference testing. Overall agreement for CA testing was 97.7 %, 99.6 %, 100 %, and 100 % for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV, respectively. For CW testing, overall agreement was 98.8 %, 99.0 %, 99.9 %, and 99.9 % for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus provides rapid and accurate results from NPS and NS specimens in CA and CW testing facilities regardless of staff experience with molecular testing.},
}

@article {pmid40817396,
year = {2025},
author = {Raggi, D and Crupi, E and Pederzoli, F and Martini, A and Briganti, A and Alhalabi, O and O'Donnell, PH and Ross, J and Gupta, S and Kamat, AM and Faltas, BM and Black, PC and Spiess, PE and Grivas, P and Gao, J and Apolo, AB and Huddart, RA and Necchi, A and Galsky, MD},
title = {HER2 and urothelial carcinoma: current understanding and future directions.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40817396},
issn = {1759-4820},
abstract = {Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has emerged as a crucial biomarker across various cancers, shaping therapeutic strategies and prognostic evaluations. In urothelial carcinoma, HER2 positivity rates can reach up to 68% when HER2-low tumours (immunohistochemistry 1+) are included in the analysis. HER2 overexpression and ERBB2 genomic alterations have been linked to advanced disease stages and poor outcomes in urothelial carcinoma. Emerging evidence suggests that HER2-low tumours might be a distinct and actionable subgroup. Accurate and consistent assessment of HER2 status is increasingly vital to identify patients likely to benefit from HER2-targeted therapies, raising interest in refining thresholds for HER2 expression, aiming to predict treatment response. HER2 heterogeneity across stages and histological subtypes complicates its evaluation, with definitions of HER2 positivity differing between clinical trials and treatments. In urothelial carcinoma, HER2-targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugate (ADCs) have been explored. Unlike tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which act through HER2-related pathways, ADCs use HER2 as a target but achieve efficacy through additional mechanisms, enabling their activity even at low HER2 expression levels. Trastuzumab deruxtecan, a novel anti-HER2 ADC, has received FDA tumour-agnostic approval for unresectable or metastatic HER2+ solid tumours, including urothelial carcinoma, after prior therapies. Interactions between HER2 protein and putative biomarkers such as EGFR, NECTIN4, PDL1 and FGFR3 genomic alterations might influence therapeutic outcomes, offering opportunities for improved patient selection and innovative combination strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40815506,
year = {2025},
author = {Reddi, S and Banerjee, R},
title = {Avoid burning bridges before CAR-T therapy in myeloma.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {9},
number = {16},
pages = {4232-4234},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016774},
pmid = {40815506},
issn = {2473-9537},
}

@article {pmid40815487,
year = {2025},
author = {Schwartz, J and Wangen, M and Odebunmi, OO and Waters, A and Ferrari, R and Marciniak, M and Brenner, AT and Wheeler, SB and Shah, PD},
title = {Patient preferences and perceived barriers to follow-up care in a pharmacy-based colorectal cancer screening program: a national survey.},
journal = {Cancer causes & control : CCC},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40815487},
issn = {1573-7225},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are recommended for routine colorectal cancer (CRC) screening because they are cost-effective, non-invasive, and convenient. Pharmacy-based CRC screening using FIT kits could be effective to improve screening rates, particularly in medically underserved communities. However, data on follow-up procedures and barriers after positive FIT results in this context remain sparse.

METHODS: We conducted a national survey of 1,045 US adults aged 45-75 to assess preferences for follow-up care in a pharmacy-based CRC screening program we call PharmFIT™ and identify perceived barriers to follow-up colonoscopy after positive FIT results. We evaluated patient preferences and barriers using descriptive statistics. We used multinomial logistic regressions to identify correlates of patient preferences for follow-up and multiple logistic regressions to identify correlates of perceived psychosocial and structural barriers to follow-up colonoscopy.

RESULTS: Participants showed a strong preference for digital communication for negative FIT results and reminders, but favored direct, interpersonal communication from healthcare providers for positive results and follow-up. Psychosocial barriers, such as fear of colonoscopy or cancer diagnosis, were more prevalent than structural barriers like cost and transportation. Older adults, those with a regular healthcare provider, and higher-income individuals were less likely to report barriers, while non-white and Medicaid patients showed lower preferences for automated notifications.

CONCLUSION: PharmFIT should use tailored, multimodal communication strategies to address patient preferences and include strategies, like patient navigation, to address potential barriers to follow-up colonoscopy. This study reinforces the potential of pharmacy-based CRC screening programs to increase screening access and opportunities, particularly in medically underserved communities.},
}

@article {pmid40813711,
year = {2025},
author = {Kendra, KL and Bellasea, SL and Eroglu, Z and Hu-Lieskovan, S and Campbell, KM and Carson, WE and Wada, DA and Plaza, JA and Sosman, JA and In, GK and Ikeguchi, A and Hyngstrom, J and Brohl, AS and Nikhil, IK and Markowitz, J and Negrea, G and Kasbari, S and Doolittle, GC and Swami, U and Roberts, T and Mathew, BN and Medina, E and Baselga-Carretero, I and Gonzalez, CR and Garcilazo, IP and Vega-Crespo, A and Chen, JM and Naser Al-Deen, N and Patel, SP and Sharon, E and Moon, J and Wu, MC and Ribas, A},
title = {Anti-PD-1 therapy in unresectable desmoplastic melanoma: the phase 2 SWOG S1512 trial.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40813711},
issn = {1546-170X},
abstract = {Desmoplastic melanoma is a distinct subtype of melanoma known to have preexisting immune infiltrates and high ultraviolet light damage, resulting in a high tumor mutational burden. We hypothesized that this may result in high response rates with single-agent anti-programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy. SWOG S1512 was a two-cohort clinical trial testing the activity of pembrolizumab in patients with surgically resectable (cohort A) and unresectable (cohort B) desmoplastic melanoma. Here we report on the cohort B single-arm clinical trial, which enrolled 27 patients with unresectable desmoplastic melanoma receiving pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 2 years, with the primary endpoint of complete response rate. The complete response rate was 37% (95% confidence interval: 19-58%), and the post hoc endpoint of objective response rate was 89% (95% confidence interval: 71-98%). The estimated secondary endpoints of 3-year melanoma-specific progression-free survival and overall survival were 84% and 96%, respectively, with only one patient having died from melanoma progression. Ten patients (37%) experienced grade 3 or 4 adverse events, and nine patients (33%) discontinued treatment because of adverse events. Patients with advanced desmoplastic melanoma have a high response rate to single-agent PD-1 blockade therapy, supporting single-agent anti-PD-1 as the treatment of choice, but are limited by a frequency of toxicities that is numerically higher than in other patient populations. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02775851.},
}

@article {pmid40812489,
year = {2025},
author = {Ellyson, AM and Mendoza, JA and Liese, AD and Tabah, A and Bekelman, TA and Rudisill, AC and Dabelea, D and Frongillo, EA and Pihoker, C and Malik, FS and Wright, DR},
title = {Healthcare and non-healthcare costs: youth with diabetes and food insecurity.},
journal = {American journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108028},
doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108028},
pmid = {40812489},
issn = {1873-2607},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study prospectively evaluated the association of household food insecurity and acute care costs and productivity loss in youth and young adults (YYA) with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

METHODS: This observational cohort study included 1,256 YYA with type 1 and type 2 diabetes from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Food Security Study with data collected at three time points between 2015-2022. Both household food insecurity (HFI, measured using the US Household Food Security Survey Module) and costs (measured using survey responses on utilization and productivity losses) were self-reported by young adult participants or caregivers of adolescents. The relationship between HFI and costs was analyzed using generalized adjusted linear regression. We also analyzed the moderating role of continuous health insurance coverage.

RESULTS: Each additional 1-point increase in the HFI score was associated with a $1,077 (95%CI= [663, 1,491]) increase in measured 12-month costs. Costs were $4,384 (95%CI=[2,635, 6,133]) higher in households that were experiencing HFI versus those who were not. Youth and young adults with continuous health insurance coverage saw smaller increases in costs ($864, 95%CI=[461, 1,267]) compared to those without continuous coverage ($1,820, 95%CI=[379, 3,261]).

CONCLUSIONS: This study found a positive association between HFI and costs for YYA with diabetes, and this relationship was modified by continuous health insurance coverage. Future work should use linked claims and electronic health record data to better inform efforts aiming to reduce HFI burden and improve the continuity of insurance coverage for this population.},
}

@article {pmid40812340,
year = {2025},
author = {Hill, JA and Boonyaratanakornkit, J and Mikulska, M and Teh, BW and Hahn, WO and Haidar, G and Liu, C and Kumar, D and Ison, MG and Halasa, N},
title = {Innovation in active and passive immunisation of people who are immunocompromised: a call to action.},
journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00345-7},
pmid = {40812340},
issn = {1474-4457},
abstract = {The proportion of the population with immunocompromising conditions, who are at increased risk for complications from infectious diseases, continues to grow. Concurrently, outbreaks due to known and emerging pathogens are increasing. Vaccines are the foundation of infection prevention; however, attenuated immune responses in people who are immunocompromised necessitates innovation in design and delivery strategies. Passive immunisation, whereby the desired immunity is directly transferred to an individual, albeit transiently, could be valuable for patients who are unable to generate robust immune responses with vaccination or infection. However, existing therapies are insufficient. Considerable technical and conceptual advancements in the field of immunology have created unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel strategies and therapies to prevent and treat infectious diseases, and studies in people who are immunocompromised are an important setting in which to apply these developments. In this Series paper, we consider key unmet needs in the areas of vaccinology, monoclonal antibody design, study endpoints, health systems approaches, and policy considerations for people who are immunocompromised.},
}

@article {pmid40812338,
year = {2025},
author = {Pergam, SA},
title = {The smallest faith.},
journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00355-X},
pmid = {40812338},
issn = {1474-4457},
}