@article {pmid40704585,
year = {2025},
author = {Conley, H and Oh, SY and Garrett, N and Kublin, J and Monaco, CL and Watts, S and Jha, S and Ferrari, G and Tomaras, GD and Geraghty, DE and Chan, C and Pollara, J},
title = {IgG and Fc receptor genetic variation associates with functional antibody responses in a DNA and protein candidate HIV vaccine trial.},
journal = {Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/QAI.0000000000003734},
pmid = {40704585},
issn = {1944-7884},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The HVTN108 trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a DNA prime, adjuvanted protein boost HIV vaccine in the US and South Africa. The underlying factors influencing individual variation in vaccine responsiveness are unknown. Here, we defined the IgG Fc and Fc receptor (FcR) genotypes in the HVTN108 cohort to test our hypothesis that IgG and FcR genetic variation can affect vaccine-elicited functional antibody responses.

METHODS: IgG Fc and FcR alleles were determined by targeted PCR amplification and next-generation sequencing. Vaccine-elicited functional antibody responses, including binding antibody multiplex assay (BAMA), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity were measured utilizing standardized and qualified methods. Relationships between alleles and antibody responses were identified by linear regression controlling for treatment group and region.

RESULTS: The distribution of many polymorphisms significantly differed between the US and South Africa. Within the subset of the cohort tested for functional antibody responses (IgG, n=41; FcR, n=55), IgG genotypes such as IGHG1*12 (p=0.012), IGHG3*11 (p=0.033), IGHG2*02 (p=0.038), IGHG4*07 (p=0.076), and others were associated with ADCC antibody responses when corrected for vaccine group and regional effects. In the same way, we identified that the FCER1A rs2427827 mutation had a significant association with lower peak ADCC activity and the FCER2 rs2228137 mutation was associated with lower antibody binding to Con6 gp120 protein.

CONCLUSION: Genetic variation in both antibodies and FcRs associated with levels of HIV- vaccine-elicited functional antibodies. Significant regional differences in distribution of this variation support the need for vaccine testing in diverse populations.},
}

@article {pmid40703805,
year = {2025},
author = {Campian, JL and Grossman, SA and Kask, AS and Kosydar, S and Strowd, R and Piotrowski, A and Tang, J and Chheda, MG and DiPersio, JF and Schullery, D and D'Amico, L and Desideri, S and Danda, N and Ferrando-Martinez, S and Lee, BH and Fling, SP and Ye, X},
title = {Phase I study of NT-I7, a long-acting interleukin-7, in severe treatment-related lymphopenia following standard radiation and temozolomide for high-grade glioma.},
journal = {Neuro-oncology advances},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {vdaf117},
pmid = {40703805},
issn = {2632-2498},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High-grade gliomas (HGG) have a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. Severe, persistent lymphopenia occurring in HGG patients after concurrent chemoradiation is associated with worse survival. NT-I7, a long-acting interleukin-7 analog, has been shown to increase CD4 and CD8 counts in healthy, septic, and HIV-positive adults. This multi-institutional, NCI-funded dose-escalation trial is the first to evaluate NT-I7 safety and activity in HGG patients with severe treatment-related lymphopenia (TRL) and the effect of co-administered glucocorticoids.

METHODS: Eligible HGG patients had CD4 counts <300 cells/mm[3] after 5 weeks of standard chemoradiation and were receiving either ≤0.75 or ≥4 mg/day of dexamethasone. Patients received a single intramuscular dose of NT-I7 (60 or 360 µg/kg) post-chemoradiation, followed by safety evaluation and multi-parameter, longitudinal monitoring of lymphocyte populations and immunologic function.

RESULTS: NT-I7 was well tolerated in all 12 patients (median age 64; median CD4 count 161 cells/mm³) before the study closed prematurely. Absolute lymphocyte counts doubled in 83% (10/12; 95% CI: 51.6%-97.9%) of patients, and CD4 counts doubled in 42% (5/12; 95% CI: 15.2%-72.3%) of patients. Glucocorticoid use did not significantly affect CD4 or lymphocyte increases. Correlative immune profiling revealed increased Ki67 expression in CD4 (P < .005) and CD8 (P < .05) after one week, along with the expansion of CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets and CD56 + natural killer cells.

CONCLUSIONS: NT-I7 is well tolerated and effectively increases lymphocyte and CD4 counts in severe TRL patients, regardless of glucocorticoid use, suggesting its potential to mitigate TRL and improve outcomes in HGG.},
}

@article {pmid40702172,
year = {2025},
author = {Dai, Y and Aizenbud, L and Qin, K and Austin, M and Jaycox, JR and Cunningham, J and Wang, EY and Zhang, L and Fischer, S and Carroll, SM and van Aggelen, H and Kluger, Y and Herold, KC and Furchtgott, L and Kluger, HM and Ring, AM},
title = {Humoral determinants of checkpoint immunotherapy.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40702172},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Although the role of cellular immunity in checkpoint immunotherapy (CPI) for cancer is well established[1,2], the effect of antibody-mediated humoral immunity is comparably underexplored. Here we used rapid extracellular antigen profiling[3] to map the autoantibody reactome within a cohort of 374 patients with cancer treated with CPIs and 131 healthy control participants for autoantibodies to 6,172 extracellular and secreted proteins (the 'exoproteome'). Globally, patients with cancer treated with CPIs had diverse autoreactivities that were elevated relative to control individuals but changed minimally with treatment. Autoantibody signatures in patients treated with CPI strikingly distinguished them from healthy individuals. Although associations of specific autoantibodies with immune-related adverse events were sparse, we detected numerous individual autoantibodies that were associated with greatly altered odds ratios for response to therapy. These included autoantibodies to immunomodulatory proteins, such as cytokines, growth factors and immunoreceptors, as well as tumour surface proteins. Functional evaluation of several autoantibody responses indicated that they neutralized the activity of their target proteins, which included type I interferons (IFN-I), IL-6, OSM, TL1A, and BMPR1A and BMPR2. Modelling the effects of autoantibodies to IFN-I and TL1A in preclinical mouse tumour models resulted in enhanced CPI efficacy, consistent with their effects in patients. In conclusion, these findings indicate that autoantibodies to the exoproteome modify CPI responses and highlight therapeutically actionable pathways that can be exploited to augment immunotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid40701614,
year = {2025},
author = {Nemutlu, GS and Mercaldo, ND and Thayumanavan, E and Zhan, T and Duggan, C and Blauvelt, BM and Chhatwal, J},
title = {Forecasting global progress in breast cancer control in the context of the sustainable development goals.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019497},
pmid = {40701614},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; *Global Health ; *Sustainable Development ; *Forecasting ; Incidence ; Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data ; Early Detection of Cancer/trends ; Mortality/trends ; *Global Burden of Disease/trends ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN-SDG) 3.4 aims to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases, including breast cancer, by one-third by 2030 relative to 2015. However, many countries, particularly those with lower income, appear off track. Although mortality rates are commonly used to gauge progress, mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) may provide additional insight by accounting for varying incidence and the effectiveness of cancer control measures.

METHODS: We obtained age-standardised breast cancer incidence and mortality rates for women aged 30-69 years from 2000 to 2019, covering 199 countries stratified by World Bank income groups (low, lower middle, upper middle and high) from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. Using vector autoregressive time-series analyses, we modelled and forecasted income-level and county-level mortality rates and MIRs for female breast cancer from 2020 to 2030.

RESULTS: From 2015 to 2030, breast cancer mortality is projected to increase by 22.8% and 7.8% in low-income and lower middle-income countries, while decreasing by 10% and 5.4% in upper middle-income and high-income countries. MIR is projected to decrease across all income groups, with the most significant reductions seen in lower income countries, highlighting incremental improvements in breast cancer control initiatives. Only nine countries, predominantly higher income, are expected to achieve the one-third mortality reduction target. Despite MIR improvements in lower income countries, substantial mortality reductions remain elusive.

CONCLUSION: Relying solely on mortality underestimates progress in breast cancer control. Although most countries are unlikely to meet the SDG 3.4 target, concurrent use of mortality and MIR provides a more nuanced understanding of screening, diagnosis and treatment advances. Integrating MIR trends into global health evaluations may better inform breast cancer prevention strategies.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control
*Global Health
*Sustainable Development
*Forecasting
Incidence
Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data
Early Detection of Cancer/trends
Mortality/trends
*Global Burden of Disease/trends

@article {pmid40699439,
year = {2025},
author = {Alberts, NM and Stratton, KL and Leisenring, WM and Pizzo, A and Lamoureux, É and Alschuler, K and Flynn, J and Krull, KR and Jibb, LA and Nathan, PC and Olgin, JE and Stinson, JN and Armstrong, GT},
title = {Intolerance of uncertainty, psychological symptoms, and pain in long-term childhood cancer survivors: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.},
journal = {Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40699439},
issn = {1932-2267},
support = {U2CEB021881/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; CA55727/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Intolerance of uncertainty is central to many psychological disorders and may contribute to pain. Despite the uncertainty inherent in childhood cancer survivorship, little is known about intolerance of uncertainty in this population. This study aimed to characterize intolerance of uncertainty, its risk factors, and its associations with psychological symptoms and pain in childhood cancer survivors.

METHODS: Survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study completed psychosocial measures via online survey, including the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (score range = 12-60). Cancer and treatment variables were abstracted from medical records. Multivariable regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age and sex examined the effects of demographic, disease, treatment, pain, and psychological variables on intolerance of uncertainty.

RESULTS: Participants included 228 adult survivors of childhood cancer (mean age = 39.6 years, 50.4% female, n = 93 chronic pain). Mean level of intolerance of uncertainty among survivors was 26.2 (SD = 10.0, 95% CI 24.9 to 27.5). Intolerance of uncertainty was associated with female sex (β [95% CI]; 2.7 [0.2-5.3]), unemployment (5.2 [1.9-8.5]), neurologic (4.1 [0.5-7.7]) and cardiovascular (5.0 [2.2-7.8]) chronic health conditions, elevated anxiety (10.9 [8.1-13.7]), and perceived poor health status (4.5 [1.4-7.6]). Higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty were observed in survivors with chronic pain (LS mean = 29.2) compared to survivors without (LS mean = 23.5; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: Mean levels of intolerance of uncertainty in childhood cancer survivors are comparable to the general population and associated with psychological symptoms and chronic pain.

Intolerance of uncertainty may be a modifiable target for transdiagnostic interventions in survivorship care.},
}

@article {pmid40435412,
year = {2025},
author = {Escherich, CS and Li, Z and Barnett, KR and Li, Y and Walker, M and Yoshimura, S and Yang, W and Huang, X and Yu, J and Stock, W and Paietta, E and Konopleva, MY and Kornblau, SM and Jabbour, E and Litzow, MR and Inaba, H and Pui, CH and Loh, ML and Evans, WE and Savic, D and Yang, JJ},
title = {Differentiation-dependent EBF1 activity determines CD22 transcription and leukemia sensitivity to inotuzumab ozogamicin.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {146},
number = {4},
pages = {471-481},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2024028215},
pmid = {40435412},
issn = {1528-0020},
mesh = {*Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Inotuzumab Ozogamicin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; *Trans-Activators/metabolism/genetics ; *Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; },
abstract = {Inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) is an antibody-calicheamicin conjugate with high efficacy in lymphoid malignancies. It targets the B-cell surface protein CD22, which is expressed in most B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cases, albeit with variable intensity. However, factors governing CD22 expression and thus leukemia sensitivity to InO remain incompletely understood. Using multiomic characterization of 196 human B-ALL samples, coupled with ex vivo InO sensitivity profiling, we showed that early leukemia differentiation arrest at the pre-pro-B stage is associated with resistance to InO. Screening of 1639 transcription factor genes identified early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) as a key regulator of CD22 expression (false discovery rate of 7.1 × 10-4). When comparing the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing profiling results of the most InO-sensitive and -resistant cases (50% lethal concentration <10th vs >90th percentile, n = 18), the binding motif for EBF1 was strikingly enriched in regions with differential open chromatin status (P = 8 × 10-174). CRISPR interference targeting EBF1 binding sites at the CD22 locus led to an ∼50-fold reduction in cell surface CD22 expression and, consequently, an ∼22-fold increase in InO resistance in ALL cell lines. Interestingly, within BCR::ABL1 ALL, we observed intrasubtype heterogeneity linked to EBF1 transcriptional downregulation (P = 1.1 × 10-15) and/or somatic alteration (P = .004), which led to reduced CD22 expression (P = 8.3 × 10-11) and ex vivo and in vivo resistance to InO. Collectively, these findings point to the direct impact of EBF1 on CD22 expression during B-cell development, which, in turn, contributes to interpatient variability in InO response, even within the same subtype of B-ALL.},
}

*Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2/genetics/metabolism
Humans
*Inotuzumab Ozogamicin/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
*Trans-Activators/metabolism/genetics
*Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism
Cell Differentiation/drug effects
Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
*Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
Cell Line, Tumor

@article {pmid40698029,
year = {2025},
author = {Stankiewicz Karita, HC and Magaret, AS and Selke, S and Pascual, R and Irimia, B and Barbee, LA and Wald, A and Soge, OO},
title = {Stability of Spiked Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhea in Urine and Swab Specimens After Prolonged Storage at Room and Freezer Temperatures Using Aptima Combo-2 Test.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {ofaf388},
pmid = {40698029},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {We evaluated whether prolonged storage at room and freezer temperatures affects detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CT/GC) using Aptima Combo-2 assay for research studies. Three hundred specimens were spiked with CT/GC; half were stored at room temperature and half at -80°C. All specimens remained CT/GC positive for 36 months.},
}

@article {pmid40695269,
year = {2025},
author = {Takle, M and Andrews, A and Riggle, BA and Zelleke, T and Harrar, D and Zhang, J and Zhang, B and Wilson, KJ and Beare, NAV and Taylor, TE and Seydel, KB and Ray, S and Postels, DG},
title = {Using Electroencephalography to Assess Coma Etiology in Children with Retinopathy-Negative Cerebral Malaria.},
journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.25-0377},
pmid = {40695269},
issn = {1476-1645},
abstract = {Autopsy studies of children dying of cerebral malaria (CM) have revealed that those with malarial retinopathy exhibited high levels of sequestration in the cerebral vasculature, whereas children with retinopathy-negative CM exhibited lower sequestration levels and possible nonmalarial causes of death. This suggests that children dying of retinopathy-negative CM have nonmalarial coma etiologies with concomitant incidental parasitemia, which is common in high malaria transmission areas. Subsequent studies have challenged this assertion, positing that retinopathy-negative CM and retinopathy-positive CM are variants of the same disease pathophysiology or host biology, both caused by acute malaria infection. We recently determined that electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to discriminate between a malarial coma (CM) and a nonmalarial coma. To better understand the contribution of acute malaria infection in the pathophysiology of retinopathy-negative CM, we compared qualitative and quantitative EEG findings from 30-minute EEG recordings of Malawian children aged 3 months to 14 years hospitalized at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital with retinopathy-negative CM, retinopathy-positive CM, and nonmalarial coma. Neither qualitative nor quantitative EEG interpretation methods allow for the discrimination between children with retinopathy-positive CM and those with retinopathy-negative CM. Conversely, quantitative EEG readily differentiated children with retinopathy-negative CM from those with nonmalarial coma (area under the receiving operating characteristic [AUROC] curve of 0.83). When combining qualitative and quantitative EEG interpretation methods, the ability of EEG to distinguish retinopathy-negative CM from nonmalarial EEG increases (AUROC of 0.87). The EEGs of children with retinopathy-negative CM are similar to those of children with retinopathy-positive CM and significantly different from those of children with nonmalarial coma, supporting the hypothesis that acute malarial infection is pathophysiologically important in retinopathy-negative CM.},
}

@article {pmid40694868,
year = {2025},
author = {Farland, LV and Degnan, WJ and Harris, HR and Sasamoto, N and Rexrode, KM and Missmer, SA},
title = {Laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and midlife plasma markers of inflammation, cholesterol, and adipokines among participants in the Nurses' Health Study II.},
journal = {Maturitas},
volume = {200},
number = {},
pages = {108663},
doi = {10.1016/j.maturitas.2025.108663},
pmid = {40694868},
issn = {1873-4111},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly through a detrimental impact on circulating biomarkers. However, there is a paucity of research on endometriosis and inflammation, lipids, and adipokines at midlife.

METHODS: We used generalized linear models to determine the association between laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and log-transformed levels of plasma C-reactive protein (n = 3936), interleukin-6 (n = 3495), tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 (n = 2967), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n = 1533), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n = 1324), total cholesterol (n = 4898), leptin (n = 2480), and adiponectin (n = 4262) among participants with existing biomarker measurements in the Nurses' Health Study II (average age 44 years). We investigated heterogeneity by body mass index (<25 kg/m[2] vs. ≥ 25 kg/m[2]).

RESULTS: We did not observe associations between endometriosis and midlife inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein % difference: -4.6, 95 % CI [-15.7,7.9]; interleukin-6: -0.4 % [-7.2,7.1]; tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2: -1.3 % [-4.1,1.6]) or levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.8 % [-3.7,5.6]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.2 % [-5.2,5.1]), total cholesterol (1.0 % [-0.7,2.7]), or adiponectin (-4.0 [-8.8,1.0]). Women with endometriosis had higher leptin levels (9.0 % [0.5, 18.1]). Associations varied by body mass index for total cholesterol (p-value 0.05) and leptin (p-value 0.02). Among women with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m[2], those with endometriosis had a mean total cholesterol level that was 2.7 % higher (0.2,5.2) than among those without; among those with a body mass index <25 kg/m[2], those with endometriosis had a mean leptin level that was 15.7 % higher (4.6, 28.1) than among those without endometriosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Endometriosis was not associated with midlife systemic inflammation, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or adiponectin. Endometriosis was associated with higher leptin among those with a body mass index <25 kg/m[2] and higher total cholesterol among those with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m[2]. These findings suggest that endometriosis may influence cardiovascular disease risk via midlife cholesterol and leptin.},
}

@article {pmid40694438,
year = {2025},
author = {Pete, D and Lampe, JW and Liu, H and Salama, NR and Wu, MC and Phipps, AI},
title = {A Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary Patterns and Helicobacter pylori Infection Among American Indian Adults in the Southwest.},
journal = {Nutrition and cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1080/01635581.2025.2535055},
pmid = {40694438},
issn = {1532-7914},
abstract = {High sodium diets have been shown to promote stomach colonization and the induction of tissue damage by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a risk factor for gastric cancer. Among American Indians in the Southwest, where the H. pylori prevalence is 60%, the association between diet and H. pylori infection has not been studied. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study with 93 adults (51%, 18-44 years, 73% female) in the Navajo Nation to assess their diet with self-administered food questionnaires and to detect H. pylori from stool samples using droplet digital PCR. Three diet patterns were identified using Principal Component Analysis: 1) Western, 2) Soups and Mixed Dishes, and 3) Fruits and Vegetables. Participants in the highest and middle tertiles of the Soups and Mixed Dishes pattern scores had higher odds of having H. pylori (ORHighest=5.59, 95% CI, 1.50-23.70; ORMiddle=3.48, 95% CI, 1.08-12.32) than those in the lowest tertile. This positive association may be linked to the sodium content of foods in this diet pattern. Soups and Mixed Dishes may contribute to H. pylori infection and may be incorporated in nutrition education for individuals positive for H. pylori infection in the Navajo Nation.},
}

@article {pmid40694037,
year = {2025},
author = {Rebolj, M and Brentnall, AR and Geppert, J and Kouppa, N and Shinkins, B and Freeman, K and Stinton, C and Randell, MJ and Johnson, S and Smith, RA and Sasieni, P and Janes, SM and Etzioni, R and Duffy, SW and Taylor-Phillips, S},
title = {LATE-STAGE OUTCOMES AS SURROGATES FOR MORTALITY IN CANCER SCREENING TRIALS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.},
journal = {Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0201},
pmid = {40694037},
issn = {1538-7755},
abstract = {Late-stage cancer incidence has been proposed as a surrogate outcome for cancer-specific mortality in future screening trials. Two previous meta-analyses with 33 and 39 trials assessed trial-level surrogacy but provided inconsistent conclusions about the suitability of late-stage cancer endpoints replacing mortality. Our systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO, CRD42023369320) investigated the association between the effect of cancer screening on incidence of late-stage cancer and cancer-specific mortality. From 57 trials with 61 trial arm comparisons, correlation between late-stage incidence and mortality outcomes was 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47-0.84) for all cancers combined. Specifically, correlations were: 0.58 (0.27-0.93) for bowel (N=11 trials), 0.79 (0.49-0.94) for breast (N=13), and 0.91 (0.84-0.96) for lung cancer (N=14). Trial point estimates of the screening effect on mortality were within each trial's 95% CI late-stage incidence estimates in 56/61 (92%) trial-arm comparisons, and in 16/19 (84%) trial arm comparisons where the entire 95% CI for screening effect on late-stage incidence was below 1. Evidence suggests potential for late-stage cancer incidence as a key outcome in screening trials, but further research is needed to clarify when to measure late-stage outcomes, extrapolation for cancer types without trials, and the conditions when late-stage cancer does not accurately predict mortality.},
}

@article {pmid40692216,
year = {2025},
author = {Koo, J and Cooper, R and Edwards, SL and Lane, A and Loveless, SK and Strecker, L and Lake, KE and Myers, KC and Towe, C and Patti, J and Walkup, LL and Wikenheiser-Brokamp, KA and MacMillan, ML and Lacher, P and Griffin, T and Tekman, M and Cisneros, GS and Wu, K and Zinter, MS and Urrego, FA and Baker, KS and Abts, MF and Ballard, S and Freedman, JL and Caraballo, A and Young, LR and Josephson, MB and Allen, JL and Camburn, DM and Doherty, EE and Azamian, MS and Arredondo, M and Silva-Carmona, M and Lehmann, LE and Wong, W and Gaffin, JM and McAlpine, W and Li, M and Goldfarb, SB and Woods, JC and Davies, SM},
title = {High Prevalence of Abnormal Baseline Lung Function in Pediatric and Young Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Report from the TRANSPIRE Study.},
journal = {Pediatric blood & cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e31916},
doi = {10.1002/pbc.31916},
pmid = {40692216},
issn = {1545-5017},
support = {R01HL157392/HB/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pulmonary complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric and young adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. The impact of preexisting lung dysfunction on posttransplant outcomes remains understudied.

METHODS: In a multi-institutional prospective cohort of 444 patients (≤24 years) undergoing allogeneic HSCT at eight centers, baseline lung function was categorized as normal or abnormal using clinical history, imaging, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and pulmonologist review. Spirometry and diffusion capacity were assessed at baseline, Day 100, 1 year, and 2 years post-HSCT.

RESULTS: Baseline pulmonary dysfunction was present in 224 patients (50.4%), including impaired spirometry (46.4%), low diffusion capacity (33.8%), and imaging abnormalities (e.g., nodules 19%, interstitial changes 7.9%). These patients had significantly lower median z-scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (-2.3 vs. -0.5), forced vital capacity (FVC) (-2.0 vs. -0.3), and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (-2.4 vs. -0.7; all p < 0.001). Lung function impairments persisted through 2 years post-HSCT. FEV1 and FVC remained significantly lower at all time points; FEV1/FVC ratios were similar. Overall survival was lower in the abnormal group (88.4 vs. 95.9%). Seven respiratory-related deaths occurred, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 3), respiratory failure (n = 2), diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (n = 1), and fibrotic lung disease (n = 1).

CONCLUSIONS: Pretransplant pulmonary dysfunction is common and predicts sustained posttransplant impairment and lower survival. Comprehensive baseline assessment may aid in risk stratification and guide early interventions to improve long-term respiratory outcomes in pediatric and young adult HSCT patients.},
}

@article {pmid40691366,
year = {2025},
author = {Smit, RAJ and Wade, KH and Hui, Q and Arias, JD and Yin, X and Christiansen, MR and Yengo, L and Preuss, MH and Nakabuye, M and Rocheleau, G and Graham, SE and Buchanan, VL and Chittoor, G and Graff, M and Guindo-Martínez, M and Lu, Y and Marouli, E and Sakaue, S and Spracklen, CN and Vedantam, S and Wilson, EP and Chen, SH and Ferreira, T and Ji, Y and Karaderi, T and Lüll, K and Machado, M and Malden, DE and Medina-Gomez, C and Moore, A and Rüeger, S and Akiyama, M and Allison, MA and Alvarez, M and Andersen, MK and Appadurai, V and Arbeeva, L and Bartell, E and Bhaskar, S and Bielak, LF and Bis, JC and Bollepalli, S and Bork-Jensen, J and Bradfield, JP and Bradford, Y and Brandl, C and Braund, PS and Brody, JA and Broeckel, U and Burgdorf, KS and Cade, BE and Cai, Q and Camarda, S and Campbell, A and Cañadas-Garre, M and Chai, JF and Chesi, A and Choi, SH and Christofidou, P and Couture, C and Cuellar-Partida, G and Danning, R and Degenhardt, F and Delgado, GE and Delitala, A and Demirkan, A and Deng, X and Dietl, A and Dimitriou, M and Dimitrov, L and Dorajoo, R and Eichelmann, F and Eliasen, AU and Engmann, JE and Erdos, MR and Fairhurst-Hunter, Z and Farmaki, AE and Faul, JD and Fernandez-Lopez, JC and Forer, L and Frank, M and Freitag-Wolf, S and Fritsche, LG and Fuchsberger, C and Galesloot, TE and Gao, Y and Geller, F and Giannakopoulou, O and Giulianini, F and Gjesing, AP and Goel, A and Gordon, SD and Gorski, M and Grove, J and Guo, X and Gustafsson, S and Haessler, J and Hansen, TF and Havulinna, AS and Haworth, SJ and Heard-Costa, N and Hemerich, D and Highland, HM and Hindy, G and Ho, YL and Hofer, E and Holliday, E and Horn, K and Hornsby, WE and Hottenga, JJ and Huang, H and Huang, J and Huerta-Chagoya, A and Huo, S and Hwang, MY and Hwu, CM and Iha, H and Ikeda, DD and Isono, M and Jackson, AU and Jansen, IE and Jiang, Y and Johansson, I and Jonsson, A and Jørgensen, T and Kalafati, IP and Kanai, M and Kanoni, S and Kårhus, LL and Kasturiratne, A and Katsuya, T and Kawaguchi, T and Kember, RL and Kentistou, KA and Kim, D and Kim, HN and Kim, YJ and Kleber, ME and Knol, MJ and Kurbasic, A and Lauzon, M and Le, P and Lea, R and Lee, JY and Lee, WJ and Leonard, HL and Li, H and Li, SA and Li, X and Li, X and Liang, J and Lin, H and Lin, K and Liu, J and Liu, X and Lo, KS and Long, J and Lores-Motta, L and Luan, J and Lyssenko, V and Lyytikäinen, LP and Mahajan, A and Malik, MZ and Mamakou, V and Mangino, M and Manichaikul, A and Marten, J and Mattheisen, M and McDaid, AF and Mei, Q and Meiselbach, H and Melendez, TL and Milaneschi, Y and Miller, JE and Millwood, IY and Mishra, PP and Mitchell, RE and Møllehave, LT and Mononen, N and Mucha, S and Munz, M and Mykkänen, J and Nakatochi, M and Nardone, GG and Nelson, CP and Nethander, M and Nho, CW and Nielsen, AA and Nolte, IM and Nongmaithem, SS and Noordam, R and Ntalla, I and Nutile, T and Pandit, A and Pauper, M and Petersen, ERB and Petersen, LV and Piluso, F and Polašek, O and Poveda, A and Pyarajan, S and Raffield, LM and Rakugi, H and Ramirez, J and Rasheed, A and Raven, D and Rayner, NW and Riveros, C and Rohde, R and Ruggiero, D and Ruotsalainen, SE and Ryan, KA and Sabater-Lleal, M and Santin, A and Saxena, R and Scholz, M and Shen, B and Shi, J and Shin, JH and Sidore, C and Sidorenko, J and Sim, X and Slieker, RC and Smith, AV and Smith, JA and Smyth, LJ and Southam, L and Steinthorsdottir, V and Sun, L and Takeuchi, F and Taylor, KD and Tayo, BO and Tcheandjieu, C and Terzikhan, N and Tesolin, P and Teumer, A and Theusch, E and Thompson, DJ and Thorleifsson, G and Timmers, PRHJ and Trompet, S and Turman, C and Vaccargiu, S and van der Laan, SW and van der Most, PJ and van Klinken, JB and van Setten, J and Verma, SS and Verweij, N and Veturi, Y and Wang, CA and Wang, C and Wang, JS and Wang, L and Wang, YX and Wang, Z and Warren, HR and Bin Wei, W and Wen, W and Wheeler, WA and Wickremasinghe, AR and Wielscher, M and Winsvold, BS and Wong, A and Wuttke, M and Xia, R and Yamamoto, K and Yang, J and Yao, J and Young, H and Yousri, NA and Yu, L and Zeng, L and Zhang, W and Zhang, X and Zhao, JH and Zhao, W and Zhou, W and Zimmermann, ME and Zoledziewska, M and 't Hart, LM and Adair, LS and Adams, HHH and Aguilar-Salinas, CA and Al-Mulla, F and Arnett, DK and Asselbergs, FW and Åsvold, BO and Attia, J and Banas, B and Bandinelli, S and Beilin, LJ and Bennett, DA and Bergler, T and Bharadwaj, D and Biino, G and Boerwinkle, E and Böger, CA and Borja, JB and Bouchard, C and Bowden, DW and Brandslund, I and Brumpton, B and Buring, JE and Caulfield, MJ and Chambers, JC and Chandak, GR and Chanock, SJ and Chaturvedi, N and Ida Chen, YD and Chen, Z and Cheng, CY and Cho, YS and Christensen, K and Christophersen, IE and Ciullo, M and Cole, JW and Collins, FS and Concas, MP and Cooper, RS and Cruz, M and Cucca, F and Cutler, MJ and Damrauer, SM and Dantoft, TM and de Borst, GJ and de Geus, EJC and de Groot, LCPGM and De Jager, PL and de Kleijn, DPV and de Silva, HJ and Dedoussis, GV and den Hollander, AI and Du, S and Easton, DF and Eckardt, KU and Elders, PJM and Eliassen, AH and Ellinor, PT and Elmståhl, S and Erdmann, J and Evans, MK and Fatkin, D and Feenstra, B and Feitosa, MF and Ferrucci, L and Florez, JC and Ford, I and Fornage, M and Franke, A and Franks, PW and Freedman, BI and Gieger, C and Girotto, G and Golightly, YM and Gonzalez-Villalpando, C and Gordon-Larsen, P and Grallert, H and Grant, SFA and Grarup, N and Griffiths, L and Gudnason, V and Haiman, C and Hakonarson, H and Hansen, T and Hartman, CA and Hattersley, AT and Hayward, C and Heid, IM and Heng, CK and Hengstenberg, C and Herzig, KH and Hewitt, AW and Hishigaki, H and Hougaard, DM and Hoyng, CB and Huang, PL and Huang, W and Huang, WY and Huffman, JE and Hunt, SC and Hutri, N and Hveem, K and Hyppönen, E and Iacono, WG and Ichihara, S and Ikram, MA and Isasi, CR and Jarvelin, MR and Jin, ZB and Jöckel, KH and Jonas, JB and Joshi, PK and Jousilahti, P and Jukema, JW and Kähönen, M and Kamatani, Y and Kang, KD and Kaprio, J and Kardia, SLR and Karpe, F and Kato, N and Kavousi, M and Kee, F and Kessler, T and Khera, AV and Khor, CC and Kiemeney, LALM and Kim, BJ and Kim, EK and Kim, HL and Kirchhof, P and Kivimaki, M and Koh, WP and Koistinen, HA and Kokkinos, A and Kooner, JS and Kooperberg, C and Kovacs, P and Kraaijeveld, A and Kraft, P and Krauss, RM and Kumari, M and Kutalik, Z and Laakso, M and Lange, LA and Langenberg, C and Launer, LJ and Lee, H and Lee, NR and Lehtimäki, T and Lemaitre, RN and Li, H and Li, L and Lieb, W and Lin, X and Lind, L and Linneberg, A and Liu, CT and Liu, J and Loeffler, M and London, B and Lu, F and Lubitz, SA and Mackey, DA and Magnusson, PKE and Manson, JE and Marcus, GM and Marques Vidal, P and Martin, NG and März, W and Matsuda, F and McCarthy, MI and McGarrah, RW and McGue, M and McKnight, AJ and Medland, SE and Mellström, D and Metspalu, A and Mitchell, BD and Mitchell, P and Mook-Kanamori, DO and Mori, TA and Morris, AD and Mucci, LA and Munroe, PB and Nalls, MA and Nazarian, S and Nelson, AE and Neville, MJ and Newton-Cheh, C and Nielsen, CS and Niinikoski, H and Nikus, K and Nöthen, MM and Ogunniyi, A and Ohlsson, C and Oldehinkel, AJ and Orozco, L and Pahkala, K and Pajukanta, P and Palmer, CNA and Parra, EJ and Pattaro, C and Pedersen, O and Pennell, CE and Penninx, BWJH and Perusse, L and Peters, A and Peyser, PA and Porteous, DJ and Posthuma, D and Power, C and Pramstaller, PP and Province, MA and Psaty, BM and Qi, Q and Qu, J and Rader, DJ and Raitakari, OT and Rallidis, LS and Rao, DC and Redline, S and Reilly, DF and Reiner, AP and Rhee, SY and Ridker, PM and Rienstra, M and Ripatti, S and Ritchie, MD and Rivadeneira, F and Roden, DM and Rosendaal, FR and Rotter, JI and Rudan, I and Rutters, F and Ryu, S and Sabanayagam, C and Salako, B and Saleheen, D and Salomaa, V and Samani, NJ and Sanghera, DK and Sattar, N and Schmidt, B and Schmidt, H and Schmidt, R and Schulze, MB and Schunkert, H and Scott, LJ and Scott, RJ and Sever, P and Sheu, WHH and Shoemaker, MB and Shu, XO and Simonsick, EM and Sims, M and Singleton, AB and Sinner, MF and Smith, JG and Snieder, H and Spector, TD and Spedicati, B and Stampfer, MJ and Stark, KJ and Strachan, DP and Tabara, Y and Tai, ES and Tang, H and Tardif, JC and Thanaraj, TA and Tönjes, A and Tuomi, T and Tuomilehto, J and Tusié-Luna, MT and van Dam, RM and van der Harst, P and Van der Velde, N and van Duijn, CM and van Schoor, NM and Vitart, V and Vohl, MC and Völker, U and Vollenweider, P and Völzke, H and Vrieze, S and Wacher-Rodarte, NH and Walker, M and Wander, GS and Wareham, NJ and Watanabe, RM and Watkins, H and Weir, DR and Werge, TM and Widen, E and Willemsen, G and Willett, WC and Wilson, JF and Wilson, PWF and Wong, TY and Woo, JT and Wright, AF and Xu, H and Yajnik, CS and Yang, J and Yokota, M and Yuan, JM and Zeggini, E and Zemel, BS and Zheng, W and Zhu, X and Zillikens, MC and Zonderman, AB and Zwart, JA and , and , and , and , and , and , and , and Abecasis, GR and Assimes, TL and Auton, A and Boehnke, M and Chasman, DI and Esko, T and Stefansson, K and Lettre, G and Lindgren, CM and Ng, MCY and O'Donnell, CJ and Thorsteinsdottir, U and Visscher, PM and Walters, RG and Winkler, TW and Wood, AR and Deloukas, P and Frayling, TM and Justice, AE and Kilpeläinen, TO and Locke, AE and Mohlke, KL and North, KE and Okada, Y and Willer, CJ and Young, KL and Fatumo, S and McCaffery, JM and Timpson, NJ and Hirschhorn, JN and Sun, YV and Berndt, SI and Loos, RJF},
title = {Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40691366},
issn = {1546-170X},
abstract = {Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up to 5.1 million people (4.6% African ancestry, 14.4% American ancestry, 8.4% East Asian ancestry, 71.1% European ancestry and 1.5% South Asian ancestry) from the GIANT consortium and 23andMe, Inc., we developed ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PGSs. The multi-ancestry score explained 17.6% of BMI variation among UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. For other populations, this ranged from 16% in East Asian-Americans to 2.2% in rural Ugandans. In the ALSPAC study, children with higher PGSs showed accelerated BMI gain from age 2.5 years to adolescence, with earlier adiposity rebound. Adding the PGS to predictors available at birth nearly doubled explained variance for BMI from age 5 onward (for example, from 11% to 21% at age 8). Up to age 5, adding the PGS to early-life BMI improved prediction of BMI at age 18 (for example, from 22% to 35% at age 5). Higher PGSs were associated with greater adult weight gain. In intensive lifestyle intervention trials, individuals with higher PGSs lost modestly more weight in the first year (0.55 kg per s.d.) but were more likely to regain it. Overall, these data show that PGSs have the potential to improve obesity prediction, particularly when implemented early in life.},
}

@article {pmid40690761,
year = {2025},
author = {Banerjee, R and Mohan, M and Rejeski, K and Puliafito, BR and Cirstea, DD and Kaur, G and Midha, S and McCaughan, GJ and Kumar, NM and Mehra, N and Bagal, B and Raje, NS},
title = {IVIG prophylaxis should be initiated following bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma regardless of IgG levels.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016490},
pmid = {40690761},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) such as teclistamab, elranatamab, linvoseltamab, and talquetamab have impressive efficacy in multiple myeloma (MM) but come with substantial infectious risks that do not dissipate over time. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT), which includes intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG), may lower these risks. In this Viewpoint, we contrast primary IgRT prophylaxis (initiation regardless of IgG levels) with preemptive IgRT treatment (initiation only once IgG levels fall below a certain threshold) in this setting. We make evidence-based arguments for primary prophylaxis as a safer and simpler approach compared to preemptive IgG-guided IgRT. We also discuss strategies to improve the cost-effectiveness of IVIG and SCIG across the world. Given the overwhelmingly favorable benefit-risk profile of IgRT coupled with the limitations inherent to IgG measurements in MM, withholding IgRT access based on arbitrary IgG thresholds is neither scientifically sound nor clinically appropriate for patients with MM receiving bsAb therapy.},
}

@article {pmid40689664,
year = {2025},
author = {Ding, S and Tauzin, A and Pinto-Santini, D and Dasgupta, S and Yang, D and Tolbert, WD and Chandravanshi, M and Benlarbi, M and Verly, M and Lama, JR and Huryn, DM and Smith, AB and Pazgier, M and Finzi, A and Duerr, A},
title = {CD4-mimetics sensitize HIV-infected cells to ADCC mediated by plasma from persons with early-stage HIV-1 infection.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0085825},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.00858-25},
pmid = {40689664},
issn = {1098-5514},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The viral reservoir in long-lived memory CD4+ cells, established in the early stages of HIV infection, represents the main obstacle to an HIV cure. Some strategies being developed to target the reservoir rely on rendering HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) visible to the immune system. Small molecule CD4-mimetics (CD4mcs) expose vulnerable Env epitopes, which can be targeted by non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) that are abundant in the plasma of people living with HIV (PLWH) and can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Administration of CD4mcs in combination with plasma from PLWH or nnAbs efficiently reduces the size of the HIV-1 reservoir and postpones viral rebound upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption in humanized mice. However, it remains unclear when these nnAbs are elicited after HIV infection. In this study, we collected longitudinal plasma samples before acquisition, at diagnosis, and at multiple time points up to 33 weeks after the estimated date of detectable infection (EDDI) and before ART treatment initiation. We found that plasma samples collected as early as 3 to 10 weeks after EDDI neutralized viral particles and mediated ADCC in the presence of the CJF-III-288 CD4mc. Recognition of HIV-1-infected cells and ADCC progressively increased over time, reaching a plateau by 19-25 weeks after EDDI. ADCC activity increased concomitantly with the elicitation of anti-gp120 and anti-gp41 CD4-induced (CD4i) Abs and improved over time with the appearance of anti-coreceptor binding site antibodies. Our results show that CD4i nnAbs, able to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells in the presence of CD4mc, are elicited within a few weeks after HIV acquisition.

IMPORTANCE: A viral reservoir is established at the early stages of HIV-1 infection. This reservoir persists during antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment, and viral rebound is observed after ART interruption. New strategies are needed to reduce the size of the viral reservoir and prevent virus rebound. Several families of non-neutralizing antibodies, which are abundant in plasma from people living with HIV-1, neutralize viral particles and mediate the elimination of HIV-1-infected cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) when combined with CD4-mimetic compounds. The presence of non-neutralizing antibodies in plasma during early-stage HIV-1 infection would support the use of CD4-mimetic compounds as an early intervention to decrease the size of the latent HIV-1 reservoir by eliminating infected cells.},
}

@article {pmid40685311,
year = {2025},
author = {Mehra, N and Antonarakis, ES and Park, SH and Goh, JC and McDermott, R and Sala Gonzalez, N and Fong, PC and Greil, R and De Santis, M and Yanez, PE and Huang, YH and Begbie, SD and Rey, F and Kramer, G and Suzuki, H and Saretsky, TL and Ghate, SR and Cui, Y and Hosius, C and Yu, EY},
title = {Patient-reported Outcomes in KEYLYNK-010: Pembrolizumab Plus Olaparib Versus Abiraterone or Enzalutamide for Participants with Biomarker-unselected, Previously Treated Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {European urology oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.euo.2025.04.018},
pmid = {40685311},
issn = {2588-9311},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pembrolizumab plus olaparib did not significantly improve radiographic progression-free survival or overall survival versus a next-generation hormonal agent (NHA) in participants with biomarker-unselected, pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the phase 3 KEYLYNK-010 trial. We present prespecified patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from KEYLYNK-010.

METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive pembrolizumab plus olaparib or an NHA (abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide). PROs were evaluated using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate Cancer (FACT-P), and EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaires. The PRO endpoints included time to pain progression (TTPP) as per BPI-SF and the least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline to week 15 in FACT-P total, BPI-SF, and EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) scores.

KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: The PRO analysis population included 774 participants (pembrolizumab plus olaparib, n = 520; NHA, n = 254). The median follow-up was 18.7 (range, 6.1-31.7) mo. No meaningful differences were observed in TTPP for pembrolizumab plus olaparib versus NHA (median: 13.5 vs 12.0 mo; hazard ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.72-1.26). From baseline to week 15, no meaningful LSM differences were observed between the treatment groups in FACT-P total, BPI-SF, and EQ-5D VAS scores. Limitations include no formal hypothesis testing.

No meaningful differences were observed in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) or disease-related symptom scores for pembrolizumab plus olaparib versus NHA in participants with biomarker-unselected, pretreated mCRPC. These findings suggest that pembrolizumab plus olaparib did not negatively impact HRQoL in participants with pretreated mCRPC.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: NCT03834519.},
}

@article {pmid40685016,
year = {2025},
author = {Leu, J and Narra, LR and Gooley, T and Cross, N and Vuong, W and Khan, H and Kang, J and Yang, JT and Grassberger, C and Gillespie, EF},
title = {Evaluating risk factors for skeletal-related events among bone metastases from solid tumors.},
journal = {Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {111048},
doi = {10.1016/j.radonc.2025.111048},
pmid = {40685016},
issn = {1879-0887},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Skeletal-related events (SRE) are a major source of morbidity and mortality across cancer types. Identification of risk factors for SRE and association with survival would facilitate more targeted preventive treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients with bone metastases from solid tumors undergoing systemic imaging from February-March 2022 who had not received radiation within one year. Survival was analyzed using Cox models, and multi-state models assessed factors linked to SRE with death as a competing risk. Outcomes were SRE (including radiation for pain) and all-cause death. Variables included tumor type, metastasis site, and trial eligibility.

RESULTS: Among 410 patients (median age 67 years; 48 % male), 162 (40 %) experienced SRE over a median follow-up of 26.8 months. Seventy-five (18.3 %) received radiation for pain alone. Experiencing any type of SRE (HR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.47-2.67, p < 0.001) or radiation for pain alone (HR 2.14, 95 % CI 1.57-2.92, p < 0.001) were both associated with increased mortality. Patients eligible for a trial of early radiation were more likely to develop SRE (HR 1.67, 95 % CI 1.18-2.37, p = 0.004). Prostate cancer histology (HR 1.70, p = 0.02) and metastases to the hip/acetabulum (HR 2.55, p = 0.02) were associated with SRE.

CONCLUSION: Patients treated with radiation for pain alone demonstrated similar risk of death as those experiencing any type of SRE, supporting the inclusion of radiation in endpoint definitions. Prostate cancer type and hip/acetabulum metastasis location may help identify patients and lesions at elevated SRE risk, informing future preventive strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40681809,
year = {2025},
author = {Goodsell, KE and Chauhan, SSB and Pillarisetty, VG and Sham, JG},
title = {ASO Visual Abstract: Somatostatin Analogues for Preventing Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula: Past Evidence Reveals New Opportunities.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1245/s10434-025-17828-2},
pmid = {40681809},
issn = {1534-4681},
}

@article {pmid40631121,
year = {2025},
author = {Kenaston, MW and Cherkashchenko, L and Skawinski, CLS and Fishburn, AT and Peddamallu, V and Florio, CJ and Robertson, AE and Bhattacharya, T and Young, JM and Malik, HS and Shah, PS},
title = {Yellow Fever Virus Interactomes Reveal Common and Divergent Strategies of Replication and Evolution for Mosquito-borne Flaviviruses.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40631121},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R01 AI170857/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI168716/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD026702/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; U54 AI170792/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Pathogenic mosquito-borne flaviviruses infect mosquito and human hosts, relying on host protein interactions to replicate, evade immunity, and mediate pathogenesis. Prior proteomic studies mapped such interactions for some flaviviruses, but yellow fever virus (YFV)-a pathogen of resurgent concern-remains understudied. Here, we map YFV interactomes in human and mosquito cells to identify interactions common among divergent flaviviruses or unique to YFV. Functional assays reveal a previously unrecognized YFV restriction factor: RBBP6 inhibits YFV genome replication by interacting with the viral polymerase NS5. We enhance the identification of dual-host interactions using structural modeling and holistic network integration. Extending our holistic approach to other flavivirus interactomes, we distinguish conserved mechanisms of host targeting from those unique to YFV. Contrary to expectations that conserved viral proteins lead to conserved protein interactions, we find that Capsid, a divergent structural protein, shares more host interactions than NS5, a conserved enzyme. Integrating proteomics with complementary analyses defines new principles of host-targeting strategies across flavivirus and host evolution, offering a versatile resource for navigating the complex landscape of flavivirus biology.},
}

@article {pmid38328033,
year = {2025},
author = {Arimura, Y and Konishi, HA and Funabiki, H},
title = {MagIC-Cryo-EM: Structural determination on magnetic beads for scarce macromolecules in heterogeneous samples.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38328033},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R35 GM132111/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Cryo-EM single-particle analyses typically require target macromolecule concentration at 0.05~5.0 mg/ml, which is often difficult to achieve. Here, we devise Magnetic Isolation and Concentration (MagIC)-cryo-EM, a technique enabling direct structural analysis of targets captured on magnetic beads, thereby reducing the targets' concentration requirement to < 0.0005 mg/ml. Adapting MagIC-cryo-EM to a Chromatin Immunoprecipitation protocol, we characterized structural variations of the linker histone H1.8-associated nucleosomes that were isolated from interphase and metaphase chromosomes in Xenopus egg extract. Combining Duplicated Selection To Exclude Rubbish particles (DuSTER), a particle curation method that excludes low signal-to-noise ratio particles, we also resolved the 3D cryo-EM structures of nucleoplasmin NPM2 co-isolated with the linker histone H1.8 and revealed distinct open and closed structural variants. Our study demonstrates the utility of MagIC-cryo-EM for structural analysis of scarce macromolecules in heterogeneous samples and provides structural insights into the cell cycle-regulation of H1.8 association to nucleosomes.},
}

@article {pmid40680922,
year = {2025},
author = {Lauro, FD and Probert, WJM and Pickles, M and Cori, A and Hinch, R and Ferretti, L and Panovska-Griffiths, J and Abeler-Dörner, L and Dunbar, R and Bock, P and Donnell, DJ and Ayles, H and Fidler, S and Hayes, R and Fraser, C and , },
title = {Large connected components in sexual networks and their role in HIV transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: A model-based analysis of HPTN 071(PopART) data.},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {112218},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112218},
pmid = {40680922},
issn = {1095-8541},
abstract = {The HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is historically characterised by high levels of prevalence and incidence. With the global effort to reach UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets, the scaling-up of HIV treatment, and focused preventive interventions, incidence has been declining over the past decade, albeit non-consistently across different sex and age groups. Two questions remain to be addressed to help tailor setting-specific interventions and allocate resources optimally. Firstly, are there unidentified demographic groups that are sources of transmission? Secondly, what are the patterns of decline in incidence across different groups? Model-based assessment is a valuable tool for the design of focused interventions and to answer these questions. PopART-IBM, an individual-based model calibrated to (anonymised) age-and-sex stratified data, was developed in the context of the HPTN-071 (PopART) trial, and it offers a unique opportunity to explore such questions in the context of high-burden HIV communities in Zambia and South Africa. The outputs of the model include the full HIV transmission and partnership networks. In this work, we explore these and show that the sexual partnership network exhibits a large connected component, usually comprising over 40 % of the population, in each of the studied communities. An analysis of the large connected component reveals that it is formed by young people (20-40 years old) and is centered around the most sexually active individuals of the community. At the same time, many individuals in the large connected component only have one partner, highlighting the complex dynamics of risk correlations in a population. Inspecting the transmission network reveals that, on average, more than 80% of transmissions occur among individuals belonging to the large connected component. These findings indicate that populations consisting of young and highly sexually active individuals should be given high priority when designing or deploying interventions.},
}

@article {pmid40680268,
year = {2025},
author = {DeFilipp, Z and Choe, HK and Efebera, YA and Saad, A and Farhan, S and Lekakis, LJ and Yared, JA and Schiller, GJ and Mapara, MY and Assal, A and Gooley, TA and Bui, JD and Lee, DD and Lane, H and Chen, YB},
title = {---RGI-2001 for the Prophylaxis of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Allogeneic HCT.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025029584},
pmid = {40680268},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {RGI-2001, a liposomal glycolipid that binds CD1d receptor of antigen-presenting cells, can activate invariant natural killer T cells and stimulate cytokine-dependent proliferation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). This open-label, single-arm, multicenter phase 2b trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of RGI-2001 in combination with standard graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in participants receiving myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic malignancies. RGI-2001 was infused at a dose of 100 ug/kg for six weekly doses starting on Day 0 of HCT. The primary endpoint was grades II-IV acute GVHD by Day 100 after HCT. Forty-nine participants received RGI-2001 in combination with tacrolimus and methotrexate. RGI-2001 was well tolerated, with no serious infusion reactions. Sixteen participants experienced grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events, with the most common being decreased appetite, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and stomatitis. The estimated probability of grades II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD were 24.9% and 4.1%, respectively. Compared to controls from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Research Transplant registry, participants receiving RGI-2001 experienced superior clinical outcomes, including Day-180 grades II-IV acute GVHD-free survival (70.8% vs 50.7%, adjusted hazard ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.30-0.68). Increasing NKT and Treg populations were observed after HCT, consistent with the proposed action of RGI-2001. In conclusion, RGI-2001 was well tolerated and was associated with low rates of acute GVHD and encouraging survival after myeloablative HCT. These results support strategies that target NKT and Treg cell populations to augment immunological changes in allogeneic HCT recipients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04014790.},
}

@article {pmid40451158,
year = {2025},
author = {Scadden, AW and Kakar, A and Litkowski, EM and Meyer, MC and Armstrong, ND and Buyske, S and Cai, Y and Cheng, I and Darst, BF and Fornage, M and Graff, M and Guo, B and Haiman, CA and Highland, HM and Kooperberg, C and Le Marchand, L and North, K and Peters, U and Rich, SS and Rotter, JI and Srinivasasainagendra, V and Tiwari, HK and Waldrop, S and Young, K and Raghavan, S and Lange, EM and Lange, LA and Irvin, MR and Stanislawski, MA},
title = {Type 2 Diabetes Polygenic Risk Score Interactions with Lifestyle Risk Factors in Black Americans.},
journal = {Lifestyle genomics},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {90-97},
pmid = {40451158},
issn = {2504-3188},
support = {N01 HC095168/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92021D00005/WH/WHI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 HG004802/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92020D00001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL086694/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095167/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 HG004402/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92022D00004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL151152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92022D00003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92022D00005/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CA098758/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; K01 HL157658/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095160/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92020D00002/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92021D00002/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095161/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92020D00005/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 RR025005/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92022D00002/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001079/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095169/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095159/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL136666/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92020D00003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL105756/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92021D00001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 NS041588/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; P01 CA033619/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92021D00003/WH/WHI NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001420/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92020D00004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92020D00007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA054281/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92020D00006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL087641/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001881/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095165/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CA136792/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; N01 HC095164/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HG010297/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92022D00001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CA164973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N92021D00004/WH/WHI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/epidemiology ; *Black or African American/genetics ; Female ; Male ; Risk Factors ; *Life Style ; Middle Aged ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Body Mass Index ; Adult ; *Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Aged ; Logistic Models ; White People/genetics ; Genetic Risk Score ; White ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Prior work in predominantly European ancestry populations has explained how the risk associated with demographic, lifestyle, and health factors differs with underlying genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D), but less is known about these relationships in Black Americans.

METHODS: We used covariate-adjusted logistic regression models of T2D to examine interactions between a published trans-ancestry derived T2D polygenic risk score (PRS) and various demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors among 28,251 self-identified Black Americans from six cohort studies.

RESULTS: The results are generally consistent with prior work in White populations. The PRS showed a significant interaction with body mass index, with a greater effect on T2D risk in individuals who were leaner (pinteraction = 0.038).

CONCLUSION: These results contribute to understanding the relationship between genetics and other T2D risk factors in Black Americans who have a high burden of T2D, potentially informing targeted prevention strategies.},
}

Humans
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/epidemiology
*Black or African American/genetics
Female
Male
Risk Factors
*Life Style
Middle Aged
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Body Mass Index
Adult
*Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics
Cohort Studies
Aged
Logistic Models
White People/genetics
Genetic Risk Score
White

@article {pmid40679980,
year = {2025},
author = {McCrady, A and Friedman, S and Wang, L and Shaw, D and Tawil, R and Statland, J and Tapscott, S and Blemker, S},
title = {3D finite element models reveal regional fatty infiltration modulates tibialis anterior force generating capacity in FSHD.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {7},
pages = {e0319881},
pmid = {40679980},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/physiopathology/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Finite Element Analysis ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Male ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Adipose Tissue/pathology/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Female ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; },
abstract = {Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle damage, fibro-fatty infiltration, and ultimately weakness. The tibialis anterior (TA), very often involved relatively early in FSHD, is a primary dorsiflexor and important for ambulation. Recent work using magnetic resonance imaging to quantify fat infiltration in the TA volume observed a steep decline in force generation after fat reached ~20% in volume. Additional imaging studies have identified regional fat infiltration patterns that may contribute to the non-linear relationship between fat volume and muscle strength due to the distribution of fat within the muscle structure. The goals of this study were to 1) develop a pipeline for creating subject-specific models of the TA that include fat infiltration patterns measured from MRI and predict force generation, 2) compare models created using this pipeline with clinical measures of muscle strength, and 3) use the models to investigate the impact of regional fat distribution on muscle force generation. Twelve subject-specific models were created, and the model-predicted forces strongly correlate to clinical measures of strength in the same subjects (manual muscle testing (MMT): r = 0.75, and quantitative muscle testing (QMT): r = 0.54). The models showed fat amount accounts for 48% and muscle volume accounts for 74% of the variation in force. To investigate the impact of fat distribution, we developed eight pseudo maps to systematically vary fat location and amount in all subject-specific geometries. The models revealed that fat location modulates force generation, with the middle region involvement having the greatest impact in reducing force. This work highlights the need to characterize and understand the impact of intra-muscular fat distributions in neuromuscular diseases.},
}

Humans
*Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/physiopathology/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Finite Element Analysis
Muscle Strength/physiology
Male
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
*Adipose Tissue/pathology/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
Adult
Female
Imaging, Three-Dimensional

@article {pmid40679371,
year = {2025},
author = {Gilad, M and Partridge, SC and Iima, M and Md, RR and Freiman, M},
title = {Radiomics-based Machine Learning Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer Using Physiologically Decomposed Diffusion-weighted MRI.},
journal = {Radiology. Imaging cancer},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {e240312},
doi = {10.1148/rycan.240312},
pmid = {40679371},
issn = {2638-616X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/pathology ; Female ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy ; *Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Machine Learning ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Breast/diagnostic imaging ; Treatment Outcome ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Radiomics ; },
abstract = {Purpose To evaluate the performance of a machine learning model developed using radiomics data derived from physiologically decomposed diffusion-weighted MRI data for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer compared with baseline and benchmark models. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included data from the Breast Multiparametric MRI for prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy Response (BMMR2) challenge dataset, comprising longitudinal multiparametric breast MRI studies (diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI] and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI) from participants enrolled in the I-SPY 2/ACRIN 6698 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01042379). Piecewise linear physiologic decomposition was applied to DWI data (PD DWI) to isolate pseudo-diffusion, pure-diffusion, and pseudo-diffusion fraction components for radiomics feature extraction. These features were used to develop a boosted decision tree model to predict pCR following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Model performance was compared with performance of baseline models, including data on tumor size and mean apparent diffusion coefficient, and the BMMR2 challenge benchmark model using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, F1 score, and positive and negative predictive values. Model calibration was assessed via the Brier score, and a decision curve analysis was performed to estimate the potential reduction in unnecessary interventions when using the proposed model. Results The study included multiparametric MRI scans from 190 female participants (mean age ± SD, 48.4 years ± 10.5). PD DWI achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.89, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.96) among all evaluated models, demonstrating statistically significant improvements over baseline approaches (all P < .04). Decision curve analysis showed that the PD DWI model provided a greater net benefit compared with the BMMR2 challenge benchmark model (0.17, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.21 vs 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.13; P < .001). Conclusion A machine learning model using radiomics data derived from PD DWI achieved higher performance than baseline and benchmark models in predicting pCR following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Keywords: Image Postprocessing, MR-Diffusion Weighted Imaging, Breast, Tumor Response, Experimental Investigations ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01042379 © RSNA, 2025.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/pathology
Female
*Neoadjuvant Therapy
*Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Machine Learning
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
Adult
Breast/diagnostic imaging
Treatment Outcome
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Predictive Value of Tests
Radiomics

@article {pmid40676597,
year = {2025},
author = {Rajabli, F and Benchek, P and Tosto, G and Kushch, N and Sha, J and Bazemore, K and Zhu, C and Lee, WP and Haut, J and Hamilton-Nelson, KL and Wheeler, NR and Zhao, Y and Farrell, JJ and Grunin, MA and Leung, YY and Kuksa, PP and Li, D and da Fonseca, EL and Mez, JB and Palmer, EL and Pillai, J and Sherva, RM and Song, YE and Zhang, X and Ikeuchi, T and Iqbal, T and Pathak, O and Valladares, O and Reyes-Dumeyer, D and Kuzma, AB and Abner, E and Adams, LD and Adams, PM and Aguirre, A and Albert, MS and Albin, RL and Allen, M and Alvarez, L and Apostolova, LG and Arnold, SE and Asthana, S and Atwood, CS and Auerbach, S and Ayres, G and Baldwin, CT and Barber, RC and Barnes, LL and Barral, S and Beach, TG and Becker, JT and Beecham, GW and Beekly, D and Benitez, BA and Bennett, D and Bertelson, J and Bird, TD and Blacker, D and Boeve, BF and Bowen, JD and Boxer, A and Brewer, J and Burke, JR and Burns, JM and Buxbaum, JD and Cairns, NJ and Cantwell, LB and Cao, C and Carlson, CS and Carlsson, CM and Carney, RM and Carrasquillo, MM and Chasse, S and Chesselet, MF and Chin, NA and Chui, HC and Chung, J and Craft, S and Crane, PK and Cribbs, DH and Crocco, EA and Cruchaga, C and Cuccaro, ML and Cullum, M and Darby, E and Davis, B and De Jager, PL and DeCarli, C and DeToledo, J and Dick, M and Dickson, DW and Dombroski, BA and Doody, RS and Duara, R and Ertekin-Taner, N and Evans, DA and Faber, KM and Fairchild, TJ and Fallon, KB and Fardo, DW and Farlow, MR and Fernandez-Hernandez, V and Ferris, S and Friedland, RP and Foroud, TM and Frosch, MP and Fulton-Howard, B and Galasko, DR and Gamboa, A and Gearing, M and Geschwind, DH and Ghetti, B and Gilbert, JR and Go, RCP and Goate, AM and Grabowski, TJ and Graff-Radford, NR and Green, RC and Growdon, JH and Hakonarson, H and Hall, J and Hamilton, RL and Harari, O and Hardy, J and Harrell, LE and Head, E and Henderson, VW and Hernandez, M and Hohman, T and Honig, LS and Huebinger, RM and Huentelman, MJ and Hulette, CM and Hyman, BT and Hynan, LS and Ibanez, L and Jarvik, GP and Jayadev, S and Jin, LW and Johnson, K and Johnson, L and Kamboh, MI and Karydas, AM and Katz, MJ and Kauwe, JS and Kaye, JA and Keene, CD and Khaleeq, A and Kikuchi, M and Kim, R and Knebl, J and Kowall, NW and Kramer, JH and Kukull, WA and LaFerla, FM and Lah, JJ and Larson, EB and Lerner, A and Leverenz, JB and Levey, AI and Lieberman, AP and Lipton, RB and Logue, M and Lopez, OL and Lunetta, KL and Lyketsos, CG and Mains, D and Margaret, FE and Marson, DC and Martin, ER and Martiniuk, F and Mash, DC and Masliah, E and Massman, P and Masurkar, A and McCormick, WC and McCurry, SM and McDavid, AN and McDonough, S and McKee, AC and Mesulam, M and Miller, BL and Miller, CA and Miller, JW and Montine, TJ and Monuki, ES and Morris, JC and Mukherjee, S and Myers, AJ and Nguyen, T and Obisesan, T and O'Bryant, S and Olichney, JM and Ory, M and Palmer, R and Parisi, JE and Paulson, HL and Pavlik, V and Paydarfar, D and Perez, V and Peskind, E and Petersen, RC and Petrovitch, H and Pierce, A and Polk, M and Poon, WW and Potter, H and Qu, L and Quiceno, M and Quinn, JF and Raj, A and Raskind, M and Reiman, EM and Reisberg, B and Reisch, JS and Ringman, JM and Roberson, ED and Rodriguear, M and Rogaeva, E and Rosen, HJ and Rosenberg, RN and Royall, DR and Sabbagh, M and Sadovnick, AD and Sager, MA and Sano, M and Saykin, AJ and Schneider, JA and Schneider, LS and Seeley, WW and Slifer, SH and Small, S and Smith, AG and Smith, JP and Sonnen, JA and Spina, S and George-Hyslop, PS and Starks, TD and Stern, RA and Stevens, AB and Strittmatter, SM and Sultzer, D and Swerdlow, RH and Tanzi, RE and Tilson, JL and Trojanowski, JQ and Troncoso, JC and Tsolaki, M and Tsuang, DW and Van Deerlin, VM and van Eldik, LJ and Vance, JM and Vardarajan, BN and Vassar, R and Vinters, HV and Vonsattel, JP and Weintraub, S and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Whitehead, PL and Wijsman, EM and Wilhelmsen, KC and Williams, B and Williamson, J and Wilms, H and Wingo, TS and Wisniewski, T and Woltjer, RL and Woon, M and Wright, CB and Wu, CK and Younkin, SG and Yu, CE and Yu, L and Zhu, X and Kunkle, BW and Bush, WS and Miyashita, A and Byrd, GS and Wang, LS and Farrer, LA and Haines, JL and Mayeux, R and Pericak-Vance, MA and Schellenberg, GD and Jun, GR and Reitz, C and Naj, AC and , },
title = {Multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of 56,241 individuals identifies known and novel cross-population and ancestry-specific associations as novel risk loci for Alzheimer's disease.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {210},
pmid = {40676597},
issn = {1474-760X},
support = {U01 AG032984/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Alzheimer Disease/genetics/ethnology ; Black or African American/genetics ; *Genetic Loci ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hispanic or Latino/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; White/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Limited ancestral diversity has impaired our ability to detect risk variants more prevalent in ancestry groups of predominantly non-European ancestral background in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We construct and analyze a multi-ancestry GWAS dataset in the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) to test for novel shared and population-specific late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) susceptibility loci and evaluate underlying genetic architecture in 37,382 non-Hispanic White (NHW), 6728 African American, 8899 Hispanic (HIS), and 3232 East Asian individuals, performing within ancestry fixed-effects meta-analysis followed by a cross-ancestry random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS: We identify 13 loci with cross-population associations including known loci at/near CR1, BIN1, TREM2, CD2AP, PTK2B, CLU, SHARPIN, MS4A6A, PICALM, ABCA7, APOE, and two novel loci not previously reported at 11p12 (LRRC4C) and 12q24.13 (LHX5-AS1). We additionally identify three population-specific loci with genome-wide significance at/near PTPRK and GRB14 in HIS and KIAA0825 in NHW. Pathway analysis implicates multiple amyloid regulation pathways and the classical complement pathway. Genes at/near our novel loci have known roles in neuronal development (LRRC4C, LHX5-AS1, and PTPRK) and insulin receptor activity regulation (GRB14).

CONCLUSIONS: Using cross-population GWAS meta-analyses, we identify novel LOAD susceptibility loci in/near LRRC4C and LHX5-AS1, both with known roles in neuronal development, as well as several novel population-unique loci. Reflecting the power of diverse ancestry in GWAS, we detect the SHARPIN locus with only 13.7% of the sample size of the NHW GWAS study (n = 409,589) in which this locus was first observed. Continued expansion into larger multi-ancestry studies will provide even more power for further elucidating the genomics of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.},
}

Humans
Male
*Alzheimer Disease/genetics/ethnology
Black or African American/genetics
*Genetic Loci
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
*Genome-Wide Association Study
Hispanic or Latino/genetics
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
White/genetics

@article {pmid40675830,
year = {2025},
author = {Moon, HH and Aragon-Ching, JB and Thompson, A and Abraham, A and Vlahiotis, A and Ike, C and Benjumea, D and Shao, A and Sun, H and Kearney, M and Gharibian, N and Hanson, S and Li, B and Kirker, M and Grivas, P},
title = {Early real-world utilization of avelumab switch maintenance among patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma without progression following treatment with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.urolonc.2025.05.014},
pmid = {40675830},
issn = {1873-2496},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A standard treatment option for patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) is first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (1L PBC) followed by avelumab 1L switch maintenance (1LM) in patients without progression. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with la/mUC in the US treated with 1L PBC and characterize the early adoption of avelumab 1LM following FDA approval in June 2020.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study identified adults diagnosed with la/mUC between January 2017 and September 2021 using electronic health records from the Flatiron Health database. Patients were grouped based on real-world response to 1L PBC: complete or partial response (rwCR/PR) or stable disease (rwSD). Baseline characteristics and treatment patterns were described. Clinical outcomes, including real-world overall survival (rwOS) and progression-free survival (rwPFS), were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: Of 1,703 identified patients with la/mUC treated with 1L PBC, 1,245 (73%) had response data available during the study period, with 998 (80%) having a best response of rwCR/PR (60%) or rwSD (20%). Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between patients with rwCR/PR and rwSD. Patients with rwCR/PR had longer median rwOS and rwPFS from 1L PBC initiation vs patients with rwSD. Of patients evaluated after FDA approval of avelumab 1LM on June 30, 2020, 435 discontinued 1L PBC. Of these patients, 339 had response data, and 138 of those without progression were considered avelumab 1LM eligible. Of these, 97 (70%) initiated avelumab 1LM within 180 days following last administration of 1L PBC, with 40 patients receiving second-line (2L) treatment, most commonly enfortumab vedotin (60%).

CONCLUSION: In the post-FDA approval period, uptake of avelumab 1LM was high (70%) in patients with rwSD or rwCR/PR following 1L PBC, and 41% of these patients received 2L treatment, most commonly with enfortumab vedotin.},
}

@article {pmid40675169,
year = {2025},
author = {Weinstein, E and Paredes, R and Gardner, A and Almas, M and Baniecki, ML and Guan, S and Tudone, E and Antonucci, S and Gregg, K and Garcia-Vidal, C and Camacho-Ortiz, A and Wisemandle, W and Terra, SG and Liu, S and Aberg, JA and Rana, MM and Corey, L and Ford, ES and Hammond, J and Rusnak, J},
title = {Extended nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment durations for immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 (EPIC-IC): a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial.},
journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00221-X},
pmid = {40675169},
issn = {1474-4457},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is approved for adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of severe disease. There are little clinical data to guide the duration of therapy in patients who are immunocompromised. We aimed to compare the approved 5-day regimen of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir with 10-day and 15-day regimens.

METHODS: This placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial enrolled non-hospitalised, immunocompromised individuals aged 12 years or older with symptomatic COVID-19 from 73 sites across nine countries. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive 300 mg nirmatrelvir and 100 mg ritonavir orally twice per day for 5, 10, or 15 days. Randomisation was stratified according to whether participants were considered immunocompromised due to use of corticosteroids or tumour necrosis factor blockers. Investigators, participants, and caregivers were masked to the assigned study group. The primary endpoint was proportion of randomly assigned and dosed participants with sustained nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations below the lower limit of quantification (2·0 log10 copies per mL) from days 15 to 44. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of viral rebound after the end of treatment up to day 44. Safety, a secondary endpoint, was assessed in all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05438602) and is completed.

FINDINGS: Among 156 participants (84 female, 72 male) randomly assigned from Aug 3, 2022 to July 17, 2023, 150 comprised the analysis population. The primary endpoint was reached in 32 (61·5%, 95% CI 48·3-74·8) of 52 participants in the 5-day treatment group, 34 (70·8%, 58·0-83·7) of 48 participants in the 10-day treatment group, and 33 (66·0%, 52·9-79·1) of 50 participants in the 15-day treatment group. Viral rebound occurred in 17·3% (95% CI 8·2-30·3) of participants in the 5-day group, 2·1% (0·1-11·1) in the 10-day group, and 2·0% (0·1-10·6) in the 15-day group. Adverse events occurred in 28 (52·8%) of 53, 34 (66·7%) of 51, and 31 (60·8%) of 51 participants across the 5-day, 10-day, and 15-day groups, respectively. Two COVID-19-related hospitalisations were reported, both in the 5-day treatment group.

INTERPRETATION: No difference was observed between the three treatment durations in the primary endpoint. Extending nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment beyond 5 days resulted in a nominal improvement in the frequency of viral rebound and was generally well tolerated.

FUNDING: Pfizer.},
}

@article {pmid40675159,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, X and Zhao, F and Ren, T and Chen, C and Byrne, KT and Danilov, AV and Sears, RC and Nelson, PS and Coussens, LM and Mills, GB and Xia, Z},
title = {OmicsTweezer: A distribution-independent cell deconvolution model for multi-omics Data.},
journal = {Cell genomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100950},
doi = {10.1016/j.xgen.2025.100950},
pmid = {40675159},
issn = {2666-979X},
abstract = {Cell deconvolution estimates cell type proportions from bulk omics data, enabling insights into tissue microenvironments and disease. However, practical applications are often hindered by batch effects between bulk data and referenced single-cell data, a challenge that is frequently overlooked. To address this discrepancy, we developed OmicsTweezer, a distribution-independent cell deconvolution model. By integrating optimal transport with deep learning, OmicsTweezer aligns simulated and real data in a shared latent space, effectively mitigating data shifts and inter-omics distribution differences. OmicsTweezer is versatile, capable of deconvolving bulk RNA-seq, bulk proteomics, and spatial transcriptomics. Extensive evaluations on simulated and real-world datasets demonstrate its robustness and accuracy. Furthermore, applications in prostate and colon cancer showcase OmicsTweezer's ability to identify biologically meaningful cell types. As a unified deconvolution framework for multi-omics data, OmicsTweezer offers an efficient and powerful tool for studying disease microenvironments.},
}

@article {pmid40674120,
year = {2025},
author = {Hadland, B},
title = {Unusual suspects: a surprise cast in making blood stem cells.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {146},
number = {3},
pages = {265-266},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025029369},
pmid = {40674120},
issn = {1528-0020},
}

@article {pmid40674082,
year = {2025},
author = {Rini, BI and Best, AF and Bowman, MD and Mishkin, GE and Denicoff, AM and Rubinstein, LV and Harris, L and Geiger, AM and Mark, NM and Pergam, SA and Warner, JL and Khorana, AA and Gnjatic, S and Yen, TWF and Liles, DK and Bestvina, CM and Shah, NJ and Norrell, JT and Hershman, DL and Holter-Chakrabarty, JL and Poklepovic, AS and Chanock, SJ and Sankaran, H and Korde, LA},
title = {Risk Factors for COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Death in Patients With Cancer: The National Cancer Institute COVID-19 in Cancer Patients Study (NCCAPS).},
journal = {JAMA oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.2010},
pmid = {40674082},
issn = {2374-2445},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Retrospective case series have identified having cancer and receiving treatment for cancer as risk factors for inferior COVID-19 outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for hospitalization and death in patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection.

The National Cancer Institute COVID-19 in Cancer Patients Study (NCCAPS) is a prospective longitudinal natural history cohort study examining the impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer. Adults were eligible within 14 days of an initial positive SARS-CoV-2 test result if they were receiving active treatment for cancer or had prior stem cell/bone marrow transplant or CAR T-cell treatment. The statistical analysis took place between September 2024 and April 2025.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary objective of the study was to determine patient factors, therapy types, and cancer types associated with COVID-19 severity, defined as hospitalization for or death from COVID-19 within 30 and 90 days after the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. Multivariable regressions were performed for COVID-19-specific hospitalization and mortality (proportional hazard and cause-specific hazard models).

RESULTS: Of 1572 eligible adult patients (median [range] age, 60 [18-93] years; 840 female [53.4%]), 1066 (67.8%) had a solid tumor, with 683 (64.0%) having metastatic disease; breast (252 [23.6%]) and lung cancer (148 [13.9%]) were most common. At enrollment, 1013 patients (64.4%) were unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19-related mortality at 90 days was 3.0% and did not increase at subsequent time points. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19-specific death in the first 90 days was highest in patients with lymphoma, intermediate in patients with acute leukemia and lung cancer, and lowest in patients with other solid tumors and other hematologic cancers. In multivariable analysis, receipt of chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.97; 95% CI, 1.52-2.54) and baseline history of stroke, atrial fibrillation, or pulmonary embolism (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.33-2.38) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization. Vaccination prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38-0.70). Over 2 years of follow-up, there were 1739 cancer treatment disruptions, of which 881 (50.7%) were attributed to COVID-19, with most disruptions occurring within the first 30 days.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results of this prospective cohort study showed that COVID-19 had a significant impact on patients with cancer, including hospitalization, treatment disruptions, and death.},
}

@article {pmid40672105,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakasone, ES and Coveler, AL},
title = {Targeting metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: challenges and insights from the AVENGER 500 trial.},
journal = {Journal of gastrointestinal oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {1351-1355},
pmid = {40672105},
issn = {2078-6891},
}

@article {pmid40671547,
year = {2025},
author = {Heffner, JL and Giustini, N and Anderson, N and Go, T and Scout, NFN and Hippe, DS and Triplette, M},
title = {Implementation of sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in a cancer care setting.},
journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs},
volume = {2025},
number = {69},
pages = {139-146},
doi = {10.1093/jncimonographs/lgaf004},
pmid = {40671547},
issn = {1745-6614},
support = {/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; #P30CA015704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gender Identity ; Female ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data ; *Neoplasms/therapy/epidemiology/psychology ; *Sexual and Gender Minorities/statistics & numerical data ; *Data Collection/methods ; Cancer Care Facilities ; United States ; Pilot Projects ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Cancer research focusing on sexual and gender minority populations is limited by lack of sexual orientation and gender identity data in medical records and cancer registries. We implemented multimethod sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in 2 pilot clinics at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, with first-line collection by telephone intake schedulers and second-line via physical form in clinics. Changes in data completion were compared with 2 control clinics, and staff shared intervention experiences. In pilot clinics, completion rates statistically significantly increased for gender identity (from 55.6% to 65.1%), sex assigned at birth (from 58.4% to 63.2%), sexual orientation (from 45.1% to 53.7%), and all 3 (from 37.8% to 44.7%) when compared with control clinics (P < .05). Staff reported a mix of patient reactions to sexual orientation and gender identity data collection. Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection can be enhanced in the cancer care setting with multimethod approaches.},
}

Humans
*Gender Identity
Female
Male
*Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data
*Neoplasms/therapy/epidemiology/psychology
*Sexual and Gender Minorities/statistics & numerical data
*Data Collection/methods
Cancer Care Facilities
United States
Pilot Projects
Adult
Middle Aged

@article {pmid40671098,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, HJ and Ge, X and Li, JJ},
title = {ClipperQTL: ultrafast and powerful eGene identification method.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {207},
pmid = {40671098},
issn = {1474-760X},
support = {DGE-1829071//National Science Foundation/ ; DBI-1846216//National Science Foundation/ ; T32HL139450/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R35GM140888/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01GM120507/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; WiSTEM2D Award//Johnson and Johnson/ ; Sloan Research Fellowship//Alfred P. Sloan Foundation/ ; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine W.M. Keck Foundation Junior Faculty Award//W. M. Keck Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Quantitative Trait Loci ; *Software ; Humans ; },
abstract = {A central task in expression quantitative trait locus analysis is to identify cis-eGenes, i.e., genes whose expression levels are regulated by at least one local genetic variant. Existing cis-eGene identification methods are either computationally expensive, requiring thousands of permutations per gene (FastQTL), or statistically underpowered (eigenMT and TreeQTL). We propose ClipperQTL, which requires only one permutation for data sets with large sample sizes (>450; ClipperQTL works on smaller data sets too). We show that ClipperQTL performs as well as FastQTL and runs up to 500 times faster. The R package ClipperQTL is available at https://github.com/heatherjzhou/ClipperQTL .},
}

*Quantitative Trait Loci
*Software
Humans

@article {pmid40670774,
year = {2025},
author = {Rejeski, K and Hill, JA and Dahiya, S and Jain, MD},
title = {Noncanonical and mortality-defining toxicities of CAR T cell therapy.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40670774},
issn = {1546-170X},
abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is associated with a unique spectrum of toxicities that drive morbidity, mortality and patient quality of life. Previous efforts yielded consensus grading systems for the prototypical immunotoxicities-namely, cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). These grading systems set the stage for severity-based and standardized treatment protocols that have contributed to a reduction in the acute toxicity burden of CAR T cell therapy and have enabled outpatient administration. However, understanding of CAR T cell therapy has since grown to encompass new targets, new diseases and broader patient populations-including long-term survivors. As side effects are better defined and novel toxicities emerge, there is a need to understand their mechanisms and standardize reporting to improve clinical management. Here we review the current state of knowledge for mortality-defining and rare toxicities of CAR T cell therapies, beyond CRS and ICANS. We discuss mechanisms, including on-target injury, cytokine-associated inflammation and dysregulated recovery, and how these mechanisms affect the timing and management of toxicities. Finally, we define key unmet needs and delineate future priorities and research directions.},
}

@article {pmid40670422,
year = {2025},
author = {Blemker, SS and Riem, L and DuCharme, O and Pinette, M and Costanzo, KE and Weatherley, E and Statland, J and Tapscott, SJ and Wang, LH and Shaw, DWW and Song, X and Leung, D and Friedman, SD},
title = {Multi-scale machine learning model predicts muscle and functional disease progression.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {25339},
pmid = {40670422},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Machine Learning ; Disease Progression ; *Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology/pathology ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration with substantial variability in severity and progression patterns. FSHD is a highly heterogeneous disease; however, current clinical metrics used for tracking disease progression lack sensitivity for personalized assessment, which greatly limits the design and execution of clinical trials. This study introduces a multi-scale machine learning framework leveraging whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data to predict regional, muscle, joint, and functional progression in FSHD. The goal this work is to create a 'digital twin' of individual FSHD patients that can be leveraged in clinical trials. Using a combined dataset of over 100 patients from seven studies, MRI-derived metrics-including fat fraction, lean muscle volume, and fat spatial heterogeneity at baseline-were integrated with clinical and functional measures. A three-stage random forest model was developed to predict annualized changes in muscle composition and a functional outcome (timed up-and-go (TUG)). All model stages revealed strong predictive performance in separate holdout datasets. After training, the models predicted fat fraction change with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.16% and lean volume change with a RMSE of 8.1 ml in a holdout testing dataset. Feature analysis revealed that metrics of fat heterogeneity within muscle predicts muscle-level progression. The stage 3 model, which combined functional muscle groups, predicted change in TUG with a RMSE of 0.6 s in the holdout testing dataset. This study demonstrates the machine learning models incorporating individual muscle and performance data can effectively predict MRI disease progression and functional performance of complex tasks, addressing the heterogeneity and nonlinearity inherent in FSHD. Further studies incorporating larger longitudinal cohorts, as well as comprehensive clinical and functional measures, will allow for expanding and refining this model. As many neuromuscular diseases are characterized by variability and heterogeneity similar to FSHD, such approaches have broad applicability.},
}

Humans
*Machine Learning
Disease Progression
*Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
*Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology/pathology
Male
Female
Adult
Middle Aged

@article {pmid40668104,
year = {2025},
author = {Elias-Warren, A and Bennett, JC and Iwu, CD and Starita, LM and Stone, J and Capodanno, B and Prentice, R and Han, PD and Acker, Z and Grindstaff, SB and Reinhart, D and Logue, JK and Wolf, CR and Boeckh, M and Kong, K and Xie, H and Kim, G and Greninger, AL and Perofsky, AC and Viboud, C and Uyeki, TM and Englund, JA and Roychoudhury, P and Chu, HY},
title = {Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in a Community Setting, Seattle, Washington, USA.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {232},
number = {Supplement_1},
pages = {S78-S92},
pmid = {40668104},
issn = {1537-6613},
mesh = {Humans ; *Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/virology ; *Metapneumovirus/genetics/isolation & purification ; Washington/epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Infant ; Male ; Child ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The clinical and genomic epidemiology of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections in community settings is not well understood.

METHODS: From 2018 to 2022, individuals with respiratory symptoms were recruited and enrolled from the greater Seattle, Washington community in the United States. Residual clinical specimens from individuals presenting with respiratory symptoms were additionally collected. Specimens were tested for hMPV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, with whole genome sequencing performed on a subset (209/1002).

RESULTS: hMPV positivity was higher among clinical specimens (835/21 539 [3.9%]) compared to community specimens (167/28 348 [0.6%]). Children aged 0-4 years had the highest percent positivity across both clinical and community settings (497/10 213 [4.9%] and 28/1640 [1.7%], respectively). In multivariate analysis, a household income of ≤US$100 000 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.72 [95% confidence interval {CI},
1.07-2.85]), and recent international travel (aOR, 6.51 [95% CI, 3.11-12.22]) were associated with hMPV positivity. A subset of 209 of 1002 samples (21%) was sequenced; the distribution of subtypes A2b, A2c, B1, and B2 were similar across both community and clinical settings, with an increase in the proportion of subtype B1 after the start of the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors of testing positive for hMPV in a community setting included lower household income and recent international travel. Co-circulation of hMPV subtypes was observed across community and clinical settings.},
}

Humans
*Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/virology
*Metapneumovirus/genetics/isolation & purification
Washington/epidemiology
Child, Preschool
Female
Infant
Male
Child
Adolescent
Adult
Middle Aged
Young Adult
Infant, Newborn
Aged
Risk Factors
Whole Genome Sequencing

@article {pmid40665819,
year = {2025},
author = {Corello, H and Pang, S and Bustillos, H and Velez, JW},
title = {Clinical considerations for pharmacists regarding the use of radiopharmaceuticals in oncology.},
journal = {Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10781552251359187},
doi = {10.1177/10781552251359187},
pmid = {40665819},
issn = {1477-092X},
abstract = {BackgroundRadiopharmaceutical therapy encompasses the targeted delivery of radioactive atoms to sites of malignancy within the body and represent a rapidly growing area of drug development in oncology. In comparison to cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiopharmaceutical therapy has the potential for fewer adverse effects and is able to produce a strong anti-cancer response in a wide range of malignancies.ObjectiveThis article reviews radiopharmaceutical therapy mechanisms and discusses four well-established agents that are used in clinical practice, their place in therapy, safety, utilization of concomitant therapies, and contact precautions for each agent.SourcesInformation presented in this article is sourced from the available literature on radiopharmaceutical development, oncology clinical practice guidelines, clinical trial results, and package insert data.SummaryRadiopharmaceuticals possess significant differences in drug mechanism and design from that of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. The basic functional and structural variances in combination with isotope selection drive the clinical efficacy of radiopharmaceutical therapy and inform pharmacists of the important considerations of each therapy's distribution, off-target effects, clearance, and toxicities.ConclusionThe drug and safety information presented in this article pertaining to select radiopharmaceuticals is pertinent to an oncology pharmacist's role in patient care as radioactive therapies continue to expand the complexity of the oncology treatment landscape.},
}

@article {pmid40665795,
year = {2025},
author = {Muchadeyi, MT and Hao, S and Hernandez-Villafuerte, K and Khan, SA and Becker, N and Krilaviciute, A and Seibold, P and Gulati, R and Albers, P and Schlander, M and Clements, M},
title = {Cost effectiveness analysis of prostate cancer screening strategies in Germany: A microsimulation study.},
journal = {International journal of cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ijc.35513},
pmid = {40665795},
issn = {1097-0215},
abstract = {Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a significant public health challenge in Germany, with increasing incidence and economic impact. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of 10 screening strategies: prostate-specific antigen-based risk-adaptive screening (PSA-RAS), with or without magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in men starting at age 45 or 50 and stopping at 60 or 70, digital rectal examination (DRE) for ages 45-75 years, and no screening. Using a well calibrated microsimulation model (Swedish Prostata) from a statutory health insurance perspective, lifetime outcomes were evaluated, including cancer incidence, mortality, overdiagnosis, biopsies, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) discounted annually at 3%. Cost and utility inputs were derived from the German diagnostic-related group schedule, fee-for-service catalogues, literature, and expert opinion. DRE-only was the least cost-effective, yielding high biopsy and overdiagnosis rates with minimal QALY gains. PSA-RAS reduced overdiagnosis and biopsy rates, with PSA-RAS (50-60 years) without MRI emerging as the most cost-efficient strategy, saving approximately €1.2 million per 100,000 men compared with no screening. Extending the PSA-RAS to 70 years improved its effectiveness in terms of QALYs. PSA-RAS (50-70) with MRI could become cost-effective at an increasing willingness to pay threshold or decreasing MRI cost. This study suggests the potential of PSA-RAS to improve PCa screening in Germany. Incorporating MRI, reducing MRI cost within the screening setting, and extending screening to 70 to align with EU recommendations could improve the cost-effectiveness of PSA-RAS with MRI. Future research should explore the integration of MRI with ancillary tests, such as 4K-score or risk calculators, to reduce MRI use and associated costs.},
}

@article {pmid40162240,
year = {2025},
author = {Paredes, MI and Liang, C and Suen, SC and Holloway, IW and Garrigues, JM and Green, NM and Bedford, T and Müller, NF and Osmundson, J},
title = {Viral introductions and return to baseline sexual behaviors maintain low-level mpox incidence in Los Angeles County, USA, 2023-2024.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40162240},
support = {R35 GM119774/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD020069/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD028685/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CK000357/CK/NCEZID CDC HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {In 2022, mpox clade IIb disseminated around the world, causing outbreaks in more than 117 countries. Despite the decay of the 2022 epidemic and the accumulation of immunity within queer sexual networks, mpox continues to persist at low incidence in North America without extinction, raising concerns of future outbreaks. We combined phylodynamic inference and microsimulation modeling to understand the heterogeneous dynamics governing local mpox persistence in Los Angeles County (LAC) from 2023-2024. Our Bayesian phylodynamic analysis revealed a time-varying pattern of viral importations into the county that seeded a skewed distribution of mpox outbreak clusters that display a "stuttering chains" dynamic. Our phylodynamics-informed microsimulation model demonstrated that the persistent number of mpox cases in LAC can be explained by a combination of waves of viral introductions, a median Rt significantly below one, and a return to near-baseline sexual behaviors that were altered during the 2022 epidemic. Finally, our counterfactual scenario modeling showed that public health interventions that either promote increased isolation of symptomatic, infectious individuals or enact behavior-modifying campaigns during the periods with the highest viral importation intensity are both actionable and effective at curbing mpox cases. Our work highlights the heterogeneous factors that maintain present-day mpox dynamics in a large, urban US county and describes how to leverage these results to design timely and community-centered public health interventions.},
}

@article {pmid40665521,
year = {2025},
author = {Watt, GP and Reiner, AS and Shu, X and Malone, KE and Knight, JA and John, EM and Chow, EJ and Lynch, CF and Mellemkjær, L and Woods, M and Liang, X and Tran, AP and Oh, JH and Derkach, A and Bernstein, JL},
title = {Polygenic risk of coronary artery disease for long-term survivors of breast cancer.},
journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jnci/djaf189},
pmid = {40665521},
issn = {1460-2105},
abstract = {AIM: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death for long-term breast cancer survivors. We evaluated whether a polygenic risk score for coronary artery disease (CAD-PRS) was associated with the risk of incident CAD for survivors of unilateral or contralateral breast cancer.

METHODS: The study included 1,307 women with breast cancer first diagnosed at age <55 years who participated in the WECARE Follow-up Study. The CAD-PRS was based on a PRS developed and validated in a separate population. We modelled the association between incident CAD and the CAD-PRS, adjusting for age, CAD risk factors, first (and second) breast cancer treatment, study recruitment phase, and genetic population stratification. We also explored whether the risk of CAD depended on interactions between the CAD-PRS and cardiotoxic cancer treatment.

RESULTS: There were 65 incident CAD diagnoses reported at a median of 16 years after breast cancer diagnosis. Participants with CAD-PRS≥median had a 2.48-times increased risk of CAD (95%CI = 1.44-4.29) relative to participants with CAD-PRS
CONCLUSIONS: A genome-wide CAD-PRS was associated with non-fatal CAD risk for long-term breast cancer survivors, providing potential utility for personalized cardiovascular care, particularly after RT.},
}

@article {pmid40665019,
year = {2025},
author = {Miller, NJ and Kwan, SW and Leary, JB and Hippe, DS and McCamy, W and Veatch, JR and Hall, ET and Monsky, WL and Bhatia, S},
title = {Concurrent treatment with transarterial immunoembolization of hepatic metastases and systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors to overcome immune evasion in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.},
journal = {Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII},
volume = {74},
number = {8},
pages = {270},
pmid = {40665019},
issn = {1432-0851},
support = {P01 CA225517/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Melanoma/therapy/immunology/pathology/mortality ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; *Uveal Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/therapy/mortality ; *Liver Neoplasms/secondary/therapy/immunology ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Retrospective Studies ; Uveal Melanoma ; Aged ; Adult ; *Tumor Escape/drug effects ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Aged, 80 and over ; Immunotherapy/methods ; *Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) is an uncommon melanoma subtype, poorly immunogenic with low objective response rates (ORR) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Liver-directed therapies (LDT) are commonly used given the strong predilection for hepatic metastases. Transarterial immunoembolization (TAIE) with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can potentially synergize with concurrent systemic ICI to overcome immune evasion.

METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study includes mUM patients with liver-predominant metastases who received TAIE, with/without concurrent systemic ICI (≤ 3 months before/during TAIE). Endpoints included ORR, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs).

RESULTS: Between 2016 and 2023, 18 mUM patients (median age 64 years) received TAIE (median 4 procedures/patient). Fourteen patients (78%) received concurrent ICI. ORR was 17% (3/18), all in patients receiving ICI, with partial responses lasting 4.2, 35 + and 46 months. Disease control rate (stable disease or better) was 56% (10/18). Median time to next systemic therapy or death was 19.5 months (range 1.6- 46). Median PFS and OS from first TAIE treatment were 4.9 months (range 0.7-46) and 35 months (range 1.7- 46). Immune-related AEs (IRAE) during concurrent therapy occurred in seven of 10 patients receiving anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 combination, including hepatitis (n = 5; grade 2 in 1, grade 3 in 4). Four of seven patients resumed anti-PD-1 monotherapy without recurrent IRAE.

CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent LDT with GM-CSF TAIE and ICI, including anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 combination, is feasible, safe, and can lead to sustained clinical benefit in a subset of mUM patients. OS with this combination compares favorably to published outcomes for systemic therapy or LDT alone.},
}

Humans
*Melanoma/therapy/immunology/pathology/mortality
Middle Aged
Male
Female
*Uveal Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/therapy/mortality
*Liver Neoplasms/secondary/therapy/immunology
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Retrospective Studies
Uveal Melanoma
Aged
Adult
*Tumor Escape/drug effects
Combined Modality Therapy
Aged, 80 and over
Immunotherapy/methods
*Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/methods

@article {pmid40664658,
year = {2025},
author = {Thiele, K and Urbschat, C and Riquelme, JIA and Ahrendt, LS and Wöhrle, R and Schepanski, S and Eckert, JJ and Becht, E and Qi, M and Alawi, M and Becker, M and Gagliani, N and Mittrücker, HW and Diemert, A and Arck, PC},
title = {Pregnancy-acquired memory CD4[+] regulatory T cells improve pregnancy outcome in mice.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {6522},
pmid = {40664658},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {TH 2126/1-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; Scholarship from the IRTG of the CRC1192//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; AR232/26-2, AR232/27-2, AR232/29-2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; iPRIME Scholarship//Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (Else Kroner-Fresenius Foundation)/ ; iPRIME Scholarship//Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (Else Kroner-Fresenius Foundation)/ ; 01GL2404A//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)/ ; },
mesh = {Female ; Pregnancy ; Animals ; *T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; *Immunologic Memory/immunology ; Mice ; *Pregnancy Outcome ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism/immunology ; },
abstract = {Subsequent pregnancies are generally less prone to obstetric complications. A successful pregnancy outcome requires pivotal immunological adaptation to ensure immune tolerance towards the foetus. Thus, the lower risk for pregnancy complication during subsequent pregnancies may be attributable to immune memory mounted during first pregnancies. Here we identify higher frequencies of fetal-antigen-specific CD4[+] regulatory T (Treg) cells both postpartum and in subsequent pregnancies in mice which are partly originating from trans-differentiated Th17 cells. Our functional experiments demonstrate that these CD4[+] Treg cells have memory functions (CD4[+] mTreg) and account for an improved fetal development and pregnancy outcome, also during adverse conditions, such as gestational sound stress. Using a high-throughput single-cell quantification method, we identify candidate markers for the detection of CD4[+] mTreg cells, which include CXCR4 and CD274. Our findings thus contribute to the improved understanding of pregnancy-induced immune memory and foster the identification of immune targets aiming to reduce the risk for immune-mediated pregnancy complications.},
}

Female
Pregnancy
Animals
*T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
*Immunologic Memory/immunology
Mice
*Pregnancy Outcome
Th17 Cells/immunology
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism/immunology

@article {pmid39651125,
year = {2025},
author = {Sung, K and Johnson, MM and Dumm, W and Simon, N and Haddox, H and Fukuyama, J and Matsen, FA},
title = {Thrifty wide-context models of B cell receptor somatic hypermutation.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39651125},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Somatic hypermutation (SHM) is the diversity-generating process in antibody affinity maturation. Probabilistic models of SHM are needed for analyzing rare mutations, for understanding the selective forces guiding affinity maturation, and for understanding the underlying biochemical process. High throughput data offers the potential to develop and fit models of SHM on relevant data sets. In this paper we model SHM using modern frameworks. We are motivated by recent work suggesting the importance of a wider context for SHM, however, assigning an independent rate to each k-mer leads to an exponential proliferation of parameters. Thus, using convolutions on 3-mer embeddings, we develop "thrifty" models of SHM of various sizes; these can have fewer free parameters than a 5-mer model and yet have a significantly wider context. These offer a slight performance improvement over a 5-mer model, and other modern model elaborations worsen performance. We also find that a per-site effect is not necessary to explain SHM patterns given nucleotide context. Also, the two current methods for fitting an SHM model - on out-of-frame sequence data and on synonymous mutations - produce significantly different results, and augmenting out-of-frame data with synonymous mutations does not aid out-of-sample performance.},
}

@article {pmid40664448,
year = {2025},
author = {Miller, NJ and Baik, C and Neal, JW and Sun, F and Santana-Davila, R and Lee, S and Eaton, KD and Martins, RG and Rodriguez, C and Wakelee, H and Padda, SK and Sotillo, E and Konnick, EQ and Camai, A and Pisarenko, T and Nair, VS and Mackall, C and Houghton, AM and Chiou, SH and Tseng, D},
title = {Napsin A-specific T-cell clonotypes are associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients receiving checkpoint immunotherapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.},
journal = {Journal for immunotherapy of cancer},
volume = {13},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/jitc-2025-011907},
pmid = {40664448},
issn = {2051-1426},
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/immunology/pathology/mortality ; *Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology/pathology/mortality ; Female ; *Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; Aged, 80 and over ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Napsin A is normally expressed in human lung pneumocytes and is a highly expressed cancer antigen in lung adenocarcinoma. We examined whether T cells specific for Napsin A may play a role in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-mediated responses. We used bulk T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data to assess whether the presence of Napsin A-specific clonotypes in the peripheral blood was associated with improved clinical responses to ICI.

METHODS: Patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and/or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were enrolled at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and Stanford University Medical Center (n=62; histology of adenocarcinoma n=48, squamous n=9, NSCLC/other n=5). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected for genomic DNA isolation at one pretreatment and one post-treatment time point (range 3 weeks to 3 months). TCRβ was bulk sequenced via the immunoSEQ platform (Adaptive Biotechnologies). Napsin A-specific TCRβ sequences were identified from publicly available data and their frequencies were quantified in each patient sample. We examined whether overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes differed in patients with or without detectable Napsin A-specific TCRs (herein Napsin TCRs). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the association between detectable Napsin TCRs and PFS or OS in univariable and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS: Napsin TCRs were detectable in the blood in a large fraction of our cohort (n=25/62 (40%) pretreatment; n=21/42 (50%) post-treatment). Patients with detectable Napsin TCRs had a significant improvement in OS compared with patients without these TCRs (median OS 45.4 vs 14.8 months, p=0.0043 pretreatment; median OS 55.4 vs 18.9 months, p=0.0066 post-treatment). Among 27 HLA-A*02 carriers of 55 human leukocyte antigen-typed patients (49%), patients with detectable pretreatment Napsin TCRs had a significant improvement in OS (median 60.2 vs 16.5 months, p=0.0054) and PFS (median 21.5 vs 7.2 months, p=0.031) compared with patients without these TCRs. In univariate and multivariate analysis, the presence of Napsin TCRs pretreatment was associated with improved OS (p=0.0057, HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.76 univariate; p=0.033, HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.91 multivariate).

CONCLUSIONS: Napsin TCRs are frequently detected in patients with NSCLC and are associated with improved OS in patients with NSCLC receiving ICI.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/immunology/pathology/mortality
*Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology/pathology/mortality
Female
*Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/immunology/metabolism
Male
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Middle Aged
Aged
*T-Lymphocytes/immunology
*Immunotherapy/methods
Aged, 80 and over
Treatment Outcome
Adult

@article {pmid40663785,
year = {2025},
author = {Brooks, TR and Zabor, EC and Bedelu, Y and Yang, X and Karimi, YH and Nedved, AN and Wang, Y and Dave, NK and Landsburg, DJ and Baron, K and Hu, B and Trotier, D and Pophali, PA and Miller, J and Grover, NS and Reinert, C and Major, A and Schwarz, T and Patel, K and Salafian, K and Ayers, EC and Sundaram, S and Brody, JD and McKenna, M and Tiger, YKR and Sears-Smith, M and Ghosh, N and Peterson, C and Khan, C and Bliven, SP and Narkhede, M and Gibson, A and Kline, J and Munoz, J and Garza Morales, R and Ho, C and Smith, SD and Niu, A and Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, FJ and Chinyengetere, F and Dave, SS and Abdel-Razeq, N and Alhaj Moustafa, M and Caimi, P and Hill, BT},
title = {Real-world outcomes of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma treated with epcoritamab or glofitamab.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025029117},
pmid = {40663785},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {Epcoritamab and glofitamab are CD20-directed bispecific antibodies approved in the US for relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Limited data exist for patients treated outside of trials. Patients with R/R DLBCL receiving commercial epcoritamab or glofitamab between January 1, 2023 and October 15, 2024 were collected from 21 US institutions. Among 245 patients, 156 received epcoritamab and 89 received glofitamab, 113 were refractory to front-line therapy, 40 had MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, 147 received prior chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and 174 patients would have been ineligible for registrational trials. The overall response rate (ORR) for epcoritamab and glofitamab was 51% (23% complete response, [CR]) and 53% (30% CR), respectively. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 to 3.8 months), and median overall survival (mOS) was 7.8 months (95% CI 6.2 to 11.0 months). The 6-month PFS was 36% (95% CI 30% to 44%) and the 6-month OS was 60% (95% CI 54% to 67%). Both trial ineligibility and undetectable CD20 pre-bispecific portended shorter PFS and OS. Of 17 individuals with paired biopsies, 15 (88.2%) lost CD20 expression after bispecifics with a median time to progression of 3.7 months. This analysis including R/R DLBCL patients shows the ORR to CD3/CD20 BsAbs was comparable to pivotal trials, although PFS and OS were lower. Baseline undetectable levels of CD20 was associated with poor outcomes. These results demonstrate the activity of BsAbs in R/R DLBCL and underscore the importance of target antigen expression.},
}

@article {pmid40662973,
year = {2025},
author = {Oviedo, F and Kazerouni, AS and Liznerski, P and Xu, Y and Hirano, M and Vandermeulen, RA and Kloft, M and Blum, E and Alessio, AM and Li, CI and Weeks, WB and Dodhia, R and Lavista Ferres, JM and Rahbar, H and Partridge, SC},
title = {Cancer Detection in Breast MRI Screening via Explainable AI Anomaly Detection.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {316},
number = {1},
pages = {e241629},
doi = {10.1148/radiol.241629},
pmid = {40662973},
issn = {1527-1315},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Breast/diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; Aged ; *Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Background Artificial intelligence (AI) models hold potential to increase the accuracy and efficiency of breast MRI screening; however, existing models have not been rigorously evaluated in populations with low cancer prevalence and lack interpretability, both of which are essential for clinical adoption. Purpose To develop an explainable AI model for cancer detection at breast MRI that is effective in both high- and low-cancer-prevalence settings. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 9738 breast MRI examinations from a single institution (2005-2022), with external testing in a publicly available multicenter dataset (221 examinations). In total, 9567 consecutive examinations were used to develop an explainable fully convolutional data description (FCDD) anomaly detection model to detect malignancies on contrast-enhanced MRI scans. Performance was evaluated in three cohorts: grouped cross-validation (for both balanced [20.0% malignant] and imbalanced [1.85% malignant] detection tasks), an internal independent test set (171 examinations), and an external dataset. Explainability was assessed through pixelwise comparisons with reference-standard malignancy annotations. Statistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results FCDD outperformed the benchmark binary cross-entropy (BCE) model in cross-validation for both balanced (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.84 ± 0.01 [SD] vs 0.81 ± 0.01; P < .001) and imbalanced (mean AUC = 0.72 ± 0.03 vs 0.69 ± 0.03; P < .001) detection tasks. At a fixed 97% sensitivity in the imbalanced setting, mean specificity across folds was 13% for FCDD and 9% for BCE (P = .02). In the internal test set, FCDD outperformed BCE for balanced (mean AUC = 0.81 ± 0.02 vs 0.72 ± 0.02; P < .001) and imbalanced (mean AUC = 0.78 ± 0.05 vs 0.76 ± 0.01; P < .02) detection tasks. For model explainability, FCDD demonstrated better spatial agreement with reference-standard annotations than BCE (internal test set: mean pixelwise AUC = 0.92 ± 0.10 vs 0.81 ± 0.13; P < .001). External testing confirmed that FCDD performed well, and better than BCE, in the balanced detection task (AUC = 0.86 ± 0.01 vs 0.79 ± 0.01; P < .001). Conclusion The developed explainable AI model for cancer detection at breast MRI accurately depicted tumor location and outperformed commonly used models in both high- and low-cancer-prevalence scenarios. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Bae and Ham in this issue.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Artificial Intelligence
Breast/diagnostic imaging
Adult
Aged
*Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods
Early Detection of Cancer/methods
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid40661112,
year = {2025},
author = {Read, C and Bhatia, S and Totonchy, M},
title = {Programmed cell death 1 blockade in the setting of severe ocular sarcoidosis: Cancer immunotherapy in a patient with autoimmunity.},
journal = {JAAD case reports},
volume = {62},
number = {},
pages = {43-45},
pmid = {40661112},
issn = {2352-5126},
}

@article {pmid40660865,
year = {2025},
author = {Hope, A and Mundis, M and Sonke, JJ and Kang, J and Korreman, S and Napolitano, B and Elguindi, S and Joiner, MC and Burmeister, J and Dominello, MM},
title = {Three discipline collaborative radiation therapy (3DCRT) special debate: AI structure segmentation is better than clinician contouring for both OARs and targets.},
journal = {Journal of applied clinical medical physics},
volume = {26},
number = {7},
pages = {e70183},
doi = {10.1002/acm2.70183},
pmid = {40660865},
issn = {1526-9914},
}

@article {pmid40659309,
year = {2025},
author = {Ehret, F and Ebner, DK and Kutuk, T and Shakeri, A and Shrestha, S and Skalina, KA and Fekrmandi, F and Lo, SS and Gore, JL and Kotecha, R and Lee, P and Slotman, BJ and Fürweger, C and Muacevic, A and Siva, S and Reddy, K},
title = {Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Adrenal Metastases - A Case-Based Radiosurgery Society Practice Guide and Review.},
journal = {Practical radiation oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.prro.2025.06.011},
pmid = {40659309},
issn = {1879-8519},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Adrenal metastases are frequently diagnosed in patients with common solid tumors. Surgical adrenalectomy has historically been used for their management. However, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a safe and effective alternative. Careful treatment planning is essential, considering multiple factors such as tumor size and location, motion management, dose and fractionation, and proximity to adjacent organs at risk. This case-based practice guide and review provides an overview of SBRT for the management of adrenal tumors, with a particular focus on adrenal metastases.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Three clinical scenarios were selected to illustrate the use of SBRT in managing adrenal tumors. These include a small right-sided metastasis treated with single-fraction, fiducial-based SBRT, a large left-sided metastasis treated with fractionated SBRT under magnetic resonance imaging guidance, and a case of bilateral metastases, which emphasizes the potential risk of adrenal insufficiency. We also address the limited evidence available regarding the management of primary adrenal gland tumors with SBRT.

RESULTS: SBRT is an effective treatment modality for most adrenal tumors, demonstrating a favorable safety profile. Thoughtful treatment planning and an understanding of potential pitfalls, limitations, and risks are essential to ensure the appropriate use of SBRT.

CONCLUSIONS: This case-based guide and review provides a comprehensive overview of SBRT for treating adrenal tumors, specifically metastases. We present and discuss clinical cases and relevant literature, highlighting key considerations specific to adrenal SBRT.},
}

@article {pmid40658949,
year = {2025},
author = {Tsai, CS and Szewczyk, W and Drerup, M and Liao, J and Vasbinder, A and Greenlee, H and Heffner, JL and Yung, R and Reding, KW},
title = {A Personalized, Texting-Based Conversational Agent to Address Sleep Disturbance in Individuals Who Have Survived Breast Cancer: Protocol for a Pilot Waitlist Randomized Controlled Trial.},
journal = {JMIR research protocols},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e62712},
doi = {10.2196/62712},
pmid = {40658949},
issn = {1929-0748},
mesh = {Humans ; *Text Messaging ; *Breast Neoplasms/complications/psychology ; Female ; Pilot Projects ; *Cancer Survivors/psychology ; Quality of Life ; *Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Adult ; *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy/etiology ; *Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy/etiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance is one of the most common health concerns reported by individuals who have survived breast cancer (BC) and is associated with poor quality of life (QoL) and greater mortality after treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) has shown efficacy for improving sleep and QoL for this population. Considered the gold standard for insomnia treatment, CBTi can be delivered remotely, including via digital intervention. Despite the potential for wider dissemination of CBTi via digital means, these modalities have unique challenges, including technology barriers and poor adherence. We developed a conversational agent (CA) to deliver CBTi via a SMS text messaging intervention, supported by mobile-ready web content. Named "Cecebot," this CA delivers sleep education, implements sleep compression, provides just-in-time interventions for sleep-disrupting behaviors, and includes enhanced support for physical activity (PA) beyond what is typically included in CBTi. This represents a novel modality for a CBTi and PA intervention among individuals who have survived BC.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to examine the safety and acceptability of the Cecebot intervention, developed by an academic partnership between Dr Reding's research team and Moby Inc, for individuals who have survived BC and experience symptoms of insomnia, and to explore its efficacy.

METHODS: This trial will recruit 60 individuals who have survived BC and are experiencing moderate to severe sleep disturbance. Participants will be assigned to the Cecebot intervention or waitlist control group at a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group will receive the Cecebot intervention during weeks 1-6 of the study, while the waitlist control condition will receive the Cecebot intervention during weeks 6-12. The Cecebot intervention uses SMS text messaging technology paired with a Fitbit. Participants will be assessed at baseline, week 6, and week 12. Measurements will include feasibility and acceptability and will explore the effect of the Cecebot intervention. Feasibility will be assessed through recruitment, enrollment, and retention rates. Acceptability will be evaluated using a satisfaction survey and open-ended responses. Quantitative analysis, such as t test, Fisher exact tests, and generalized linear models, will be used to assess feasibility, baseline group differences, and the outcomes of the intervention.

RESULTS: Recruitment of participants began in Fall 2024. The completion of data collection is anticipated to be by Fall 2025.

CONCLUSIONS: The study results will give insight into the potential for an SMS text messaging-based CA to improve sleep in individuals who have survived BC and experience sleep disturbances.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06392789; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06392789.

DERR1-10.2196/62712.},
}

Humans
*Text Messaging
*Breast Neoplasms/complications/psychology
Female
Pilot Projects
*Cancer Survivors/psychology
Quality of Life
*Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods
Adult
*Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy/etiology
*Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy/etiology
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Middle Aged

@article {pmid37333272,
year = {2025},
author = {Ishida, T and Mercoli, J and Heck, AM and Phelps, I and Varnum-Finney, B and Dozono, S and Nourigat-McKay, C and Kraskouskas, K and Wellington, R and Waltner, O and Jackson, DL and Delaney, C and Rafii, S and Bernstein, ID and Aldinger, KA and , and Trapnell, C and Zhao, HG and Hadland, B},
title = {Differentiation latency, cell division symmetry, and dormancy signatures define fetal liver HSCs at single cell resolution.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37333272},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {K08 HL140143/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA015704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; RC2 DK114777/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Decoding the gene regulatory mechanisms and signaling interactions that orchestrate the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during their expansion in the fetal liver (FL) could unlock novel therapeutic strategies to expand transplantable HSCs, a long-standing challenge. Here, to explore intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of FL-HSC self-renewal at the single cell level, we engineered a culture platform designed to recapitulate the FL endothelial niche, which supports the ex vivo amplification of serially engraftable HSCs. Leveraging this platform in combination with single cell index flow cytometry, live imaging, serial transplantation assays, and single cell RNA-sequencing, we uncovered previously unrecognized heterogeneity within immunophenotypically defined FL-HSCs. Specifically, we demonstrated that differentiation latency, symmetric cell divisions, and transcriptional signatures of biosynthetic dormancy and lipid metabolism are distinguishing properties of rare FL-HSCs capable of serial, long-term multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution. Our findings support a paradigm in which intrinsic programs and extrinsic signals combinatorially facilitate the symmetric self-renewal and expansion of nascent HSCs in the FL niche while delaying their active participation in hematopoiesis. Additionally, our study provides a valuable resource for future investigations into the intrinsic and niche-derived signaling pathways that govern FL-HSC self-renewal.},
}

@article {pmid40658837,
year = {2025},
author = {McGrosky, A and Luke, A and Arab, L and Bedu-Addo, K and Bonomi, AG and Bovet, P and Brage, S and Buchowski, MS and Butte, N and Camps, SG and Casper, R and Cummings, DK and Krupa Das, S and Deb, S and Dugas, LR and Ekelund, U and Forrester, T and Fudge, BW and Gillingham, M and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Hambly, C and Joosen, A and Katzmarzyk, PT and Kempen, KP and Kraus, WE and Kriengsinyos, W and Kuriyan, R and Kushner, RF and Lambert, EV and Larsson, CL and Leonard, WR and Lessan, N and Löf, M and Martin, CK and Medin, AC and Neuhouser, ML and Pietilainen, KH and Plasqui, G and Prentice, RL and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Redman, L and Reynolds, RM and Rimm, EB and Roberts, S and Rosinger, AY and Samuels, MH and Sinha, S and Snodgrass, JJ and Stice, E and Uauy, R and Urlacher, SS and Verbunt, JA and Wolfe, B and Wood, B and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CJ and Rood, J and Sagayama, H and Schoeller, DA and Westerterp, KR and Wong, WW and Yamada, Y and Speakman, JR and Pontzer, H and , },
title = {Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {29},
pages = {e2420902122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2420902122},
pmid = {40658837},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {BCS-1824466//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; CAS 153E11KYSB20190045//Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Obesity/epidemiology/metabolism/economics ; *Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Energy Intake ; Life Style ; },
abstract = {Global economic development has been associated with an increased prevalence of obesity and related health problems. Increased caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure are both cited as development-related contributors to the obesity crisis, but their relative importance remains unresolved. Here, we examine energy expenditure and two measures of obesity (body fat percentage and body mass index, BMI) for 4,213 adults from 34 populations across six continents and a wide range of lifestyles and economies, including hunter-gatherer, pastoralist, farming, and industrialized populations. Economic development was positively associated with greater body mass, BMI, and body fat, but also with greater total, basal, and activity energy expenditure. Body size-adjusted total and basal energy expenditures both decreased approximately 6 to 11% with increasing economic development, but were highly variable among populations and did not correspond closely with lifestyle. Body size-adjusted total energy expenditure was negatively, but weakly, associated with measures of obesity, accounting for roughly one-tenth of the elevated body fat percentage and BMI associated with economic development. In contrast, estimated energy intake was greater in economically developed populations, and in populations with available data (n = 25), the percentage of ultraprocessed food in the diet was associated with body fat percentage, suggesting that dietary intake plays a far greater role than reduced energy expenditure in obesity related to economic development.},
}

Humans
*Obesity/epidemiology/metabolism/economics
*Energy Metabolism/physiology
Body Mass Index
Adult
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Energy Intake
Life Style

@article {pmid40658414,
year = {2025},
author = {Kanaya, AM and Anderson, GL},
title = {MOSAAIC to Capture Key Measures of Aging Across the Lifespan.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.2908},
pmid = {40658414},
issn = {2168-6114},
}

@article {pmid40656602,
year = {2025},
author = {Shadman, M and Brown, JR and Williams, R and Mohseninejad, L and Yang, K and Rakonczai, P and Lamanna, N and Xu, S and Cleary Cohen, A and O'Brien, SM and Tedeschi, A and Tam, CS},
title = {Efficacy of zanubrutinib versus acalabrutinib for relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL): a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC).},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in medical oncology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {17588359251340554},
pmid = {40656602},
issn = {1758-8340},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There are no head-to-head studies comparing the efficacy of the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, zanubrutinib and acalabrutinib, in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL).

OBJECTIVE: To compare the relative efficacy of zanubrutinib and acalabrutinib in R/R CLL using indirect treatment comparison.

DESIGN: An unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) was performed.

METHODS: Individual patient-level data from ALPINE (zanubrutinib) were reweighted using prognostic/effect-modifying variables to match aggregate data from ASCEND (acalabrutinib). MAIC outcomes included investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS-INV), overall survival (OS), and complete response (CR).

RESULTS: Post-matching, PFS-INV was improved significantly for zanubrutinib versus acalabrutinib (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.99); p = 0.0448) and OS showed a trend toward improvement for zanubrutinib (HR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.35-1.02, p = 0.0575). CR was significantly higher for zanubrutinib versus acalabrutinib (odds ratio = 2.90 (95% CI: 1.13-7.43); p = 0.0270).

CONCLUSION: Zanubrutinib was associated with a significant PFS-INV and CR advantage over acalabrutinib, with a trend toward improvement in OS.},
}

@article {pmid40656459,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, T and Ameen, S and Ghosh, S and Kim, K and Pandey, M and Cheung, BCH and Thanh, M and Patteson, AE and Wu, M and Schwarz, JM},
title = {Enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling due to embedded spheroid fluidization.},
journal = {New journal of physics},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {073301},
pmid = {40656459},
issn = {1367-2630},
abstract = {Embedding a collective of tumor cells, i.e. a tumor spheroid, in a fibrous environment, such as a collagen network, provides an essential in vitro platform to investigate the biophysical mechanisms of tumor invasion. To predict new mechanisms, we develop a three-dimensional computational model of an embedded spheroid using a vertex model, with cells represented as deformable polyhedrons, mechanically coupled to a fiber network via active linker springs. As the linker springs actively contract, the fiber network remodels. As we tune the rheology of the spheroid and the fiber network stiffness, we find that both factors affect the remodeling of the fiber network with fluid-like spheroids densifying and radially realigning the fiber network more on average than solid-like spheroids but only for a range of intermediate fiber network stiffnesses. Our predictions are supported by experimental studies comparing non-tumorigenic MCF10A spheroids and malignant MDA-MB-231 spheroids embedded in collagen networks. The spheroid rheology-dependent effects are the result of cellular motility generating spheroid shape fluctuations. These shape fluctuations lead to emergent feedback between the spheroid and the fiber network to further remodel the fiber network. This emergent feedback occurs only at intermediate fiber network stiffness since at low fiber network stiffness, the mechanical response of the coupled system is dominated by the spheroid and for high fiber network stiffness, the mechanical response is dominated by the fiber network. We are therefore able to quantify the regime of optimal spheroid-fiber network mechanical reciprocity. Our results uncover intricate morphological-mechanical interplay between an embedded spheroid and its surrounding fiber network with both spheroid contractile strength and spheroid shape fluctuations playing important roles in the pre-invasion stages of tumor invasion.},
}

@article {pmid40655537,
year = {2025},
author = {Krawczuk, P and Fox, ZR and Petkov, V and Negoita, S and Doherty, J and Stroup, A and Schwartz, S and Penberthy, L and Hsu, E and Gounley, J and Hanson, HA},
title = {Large-scale deep learning for metastasis detection in pathology reports.},
journal = {JAMIA open},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {ooaf070},
pmid = {40655537},
issn = {2574-2531},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: No existing algorithm can reliably identify metastasis from pathology reports across multiple cancer types and the entire US population. In this study, we develop a deep learning model that automatically detects patients with metastatic cancer by using pathology reports from many laboratories and of multiple cancer types.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We use 60 471 unstructured pathology reports from 4 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries. The reports were coded into 1 of 3 labels: metastasis negative, metastases positive, or metastasis undetermined. We utilize a task-specific deep neural network trained from scratch and compare its performance with a widely used large language model (LLM).

RESULTS: Our deep learning architecture trained on task-specific data outperforms a general-purpose LLM, with a recall of 0.894 compared to 0.824. We quantified model uncertainty and used it to defer reports for human review. We found that retaining 72.9% of reports increased recall from 0.894 to 0.969.

DISCUSSION: A smaller deep learning architecture trained on task-specific data outperforms a general LLM. Equally critical to model performance is the incorporation of uncertainty quantification, achieved here through an abstention mechanism.

CONCLUSIONS: This study's finding demonstrate the feasibility of developing algorithms to automatically identify metastatic cancer cases from unstructured pathology reports.},
}

@article {pmid40650496,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, D and Fleming, T and Gianella, S and Halloran, E and Hillier, S and Longini, I and Smeaton, L and DeGruttola, V},
title = {Salvaging information from paused or stopped clinical studies.},
journal = {Clinical trials (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {17407745251353429},
doi = {10.1177/17407745251353429},
pmid = {40650496},
issn = {1740-7753},
}

@article {pmid40646132,
year = {2025},
author = {Apperley, JF and Milojkovic, D and Cross, NCP and Hjorth-Hansen, H and Hochhaus, A and Kantarjian, H and Lipton, JH and Malhotra, H and Niederwieser, D and Radich, J and Rousselot, P and Saussele, S and Schiffer, CA and Silver, R and Soverini, S and Stenke, L and Turkina, A and Casado, LF and Castagnetti, F and Cervantes, F and Clark, RE and Cortes, J and Deininger, M and Hughes, TP and Janssen, J and Jiang, Q and Kim, DW and Larson, RA and Mahon, FX and Mauro, M and Mayer, J and Nicolini, FE and Pane, F and Rea, D and Richter, J and Rosti, G and Saglio, G and Hehlmann, R},
title = {2025 European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia.},
journal = {Leukemia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40646132},
issn = {1476-5551},
abstract = {In this 5th version of the European LeukemiaNet guidance for adult patients, there are important changes in several areas of management based on evidence available since 2020, including the World Health Organisation's reclassification of CML as a biphasic disease. Previous advice to switch the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) on failure of molecular milestones, is modified to better account for individual patient circumstances. Our recommendations are summarized in tables designed to be read in conjunction with the text which offers justification and additional advice. We describe decision-making for first-line treatment, both in available drugs and their initial dosing. Similarly we elaborate on dose reduction rather than drug switching to manage toxicities and discuss treatment sequencing. Data have matured for the outcome of treatment discontinuation and for management of parenting for both men and women. We acknowledge that most patients will remain on treatment for many years and emphasize the needs to minimize side effects, manage co-morbidities and optimize quality of life. Recent advances in allogeneic stem cell transplantation have broadened access to alternative donors, and lessened limitations of age and co-morbidities such that transplant remains a valuable option for patients for whom long-term disease control is not achieved through TKI therapy.},
}

@article {pmid39713402,
year = {2025},
author = {Ellison, ST and Hayman, I and Derr, K and Derr, P and Frebert, S and Itkin, Z and Shen, M and Jones, A and Olson, W and Corey, L and Wald, A and Johnston, C and Fong, Y and Ferrer, M and Zhu, J},
title = {Limitations of acyclovir and identification of potent HSV antivirals using 3D bioprinted human skin equivalents.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39713402},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R01 AI143773/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; T32 AI007140/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U18 TR003208/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection has worldwide public health concerns and lifelong medical impacts. The standard therapy, acyclovir, has limited efficacy in preventing HSV subclinical virus shedding, and drug resistance occurs in immunocompromised patients, highlighting the need for novel therapeutics. HSV manifests in the skin and mucosal epithelium. Here, we found acyclovir significantly less effective in skin-derived keratinocytes than donor-matched fibroblasts. To recapitulate in vivo tissue architecture, we 3D bioprinted human skin equivalents (HSE) in a 96-well plate format amenable for antiviral screening and preclinical testing. We screened a library of 738 compounds with broad targets and mechanisms of action and identified potent antivirals, including 23 known or experimental HSV treatments, validating the translational relevance of our assay. Unlike acyclovir, antivirals against HSV helicase/primase or host replication pathways displayed similar potency across cell types and donor sources in 2D and 3D models. Our 3D bioprinted platform allowed for integrating patient-derived cells and incorporating genetic variability early in drug development. The reduced potency in keratinocytes helps explain the limited benefit acyclovir and its congeners play in reducing sexual transmission. These data indicate that the 3D bioprinted HSE assay platform provides a more physiologically relevant approach to identifying potential antivirals for HSV.},
}

@article {pmid39574839,
year = {2025},
author = {Chang, YH and Bresnahan, ST and Head, ST and Harrison, T and Yu, Y and Huff, CD and Pasaniuc, B and Lindström, S and Bhattacharya, A},
title = {Isoform-level analyses of 6 cancers uncover extensive genetic risk mechanisms undetected at the gene-level.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39574839},
support = {R01 CA194393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R21 CA293419/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CA194393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptomic datasets can help identify mediators for genetic risk of cancer. Traditional methods often are insufficient as they rely on total gene expression measures and overlook alternative splicing, which generates different transcript-isoforms with potentially distinct effects. Here, we integrate multi-tissue isoform expression data from the Genotype Tissue-Expression Project with GWAS summary statistics (all N > 20,000 cases) to identify isoform- and gene-level associations with six cancers (breast, endometrial, colorectal, lung, ovarian, prostate) and six related cancer subtype classifications (N = 12 total). Directly modeling isoforms using transcriptome-wide association studies (isoTWAS) significantly improves discovery of genetic associations compared to gene-level approaches, identifying 164% more significant associations (6,163 vs. 2,336) with isoTWAS-prioritized genes enriched 4-fold for evolutionarily-constrained genes. isoTWAS tags transcriptomic associations at 52% more independent GWAS loci across the six cancers. Isoform expression mediates an estimated 63% greater proportion of cancer risk SNP heritability compared to gene expression. We highlight several isoTWAS associations that demonstrate GWAS colocalization at the isoform level but not at the gene level, including CLPTM1L (lung cancer), LAMC1 (colorectal), and BABAM1 (breast). These results underscore the importance of modeling isoforms to maximize discovery of genetic risk mechanisms for cancers.},
}

@article {pmid39071291,
year = {2025},
author = {Frank, S and Persse, T and Coleman, I and Bankhead, A and Li, D and De-Sarkar, N and Wilson, D and Rudoy, D and Vashisth, M and Galipeau, P and Yang, M and Hanratty, B and Dumpit, R and Morrissey, C and Corey, E and Montgomery, RB and Haffner, MC and Pritchard, CC and Vasioukhin, V and Ha, G and Nelson, PS},
title = {Molecular consequences of acute versus chronic CDK12 loss in prostate carcinoma nominates distinct therapeutic strategies.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39071291},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {F32 CA243286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R21 CA277368/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA015704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; DP2 CA280624/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01 CA163227/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P50 CA097186/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA280056/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Genomic loss of the transcriptional kinase CDK12 occurs in ~6% of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) and correlates with poor patient outcomes. Prior studies demonstrate that acute CDK12 loss confers a homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRd) phenotype via premature intronic polyadenylation (IPA) of key HR pathway genes, including ATM. However, mCRPC patients have not demonstrated benefit from therapies that exploit HRd such as inhibitors of polyADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Based on this discordance, we sought to test the hypothesis that an HRd phenotype is primarily a consequence of acute CDK12 loss and the effect is greatly diminished in prostate cancers adapted to CDK12 loss. Analyses of whole genome sequences (WGS) and RNA sequences (RNAseq) of human mCRPCs determined that tumors with biallelic CDK12 alterations (CDK12 [BAL]) lack genomic scar signatures indicative of HRd, despite carrying bi-allelic loss and the appearance of the hallmark tandem-duplicator phenotype (TDP). Experiments confirmed that acute CDK12 inhibition resulted in aberrant polyadenylation and downregulation of long genes (including BRCA1 and BRCA2) but such effects were modest or absent in tumors adapted to chronic CDK12 [BAL] . One key exception was ATM, which did retain transcript shortening and reduced protein expression in the adapted CDK12 [BAL] models. However, CDK12 [BAL] cells demonstrated intact HR as measured by RAD51 foci formation following irradiation. CDK12 [BAL] cells showed a vulnerability to targeting of CDK13 by sgRNA or CDK12/13 inhibitors and in vivo treatment of prostate cancer xenograft lines showed that tumors with CDK12 [BAL] responded to the CDK12/13 inhibitor SR4835, while CDK12-intact lines did not. Collectively, these studies show that aberrant polyadenylation and long HR gene downregulation is primarily a consequence of acute CDK12 deficiency, which is largely compensated for in cells that have adapted to CDK12 loss. These results provide an explanation for why PARPi monotherapy has thus far failed to consistently benefit patients with CDK12 alterations, though alternate therapies that target CDK13 or transcription are candidates for future research and testing.},
}

@article {pmid39005367,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Y and Feder, AF},
title = {Detecting branching rate heterogeneity with tree balance statistics in lineage tracing trees.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39005367},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {DP2 CA280623/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Understanding variation in cellular growth rates among cells in tumors is crucial for predicting cancer progression and interpreting tumor-derived genetic data. Advances in lineage tracing technologies enable the reconstruction of high-resolution, single-cell phylogenies of cancer cell populations, but methods to detect cellular growth rate differences on these phylogenies remain limited. Tree balance statistics offer a way forward, but it is unknown if and how these statistics are distorted when applied to phylogenetic reconstructions built from lineage tracing data, and if these distortions limit the utility of tree balance statistics to distinguish between evolutionary scenarios characterized by variable or homogeneous cellular growth rates. Here, we examined two tree balance statistics, J 1 and the Sackin index, and benchmarked their performance in distinguishing lineage tracing trees derived from populations with and without variable cellular growth rates. We found that when tumor population sizes and lineage tracing editing rates are approximately known and in favorable ranges, J 1 detects departures from homogenous growth rates just as well on lineage tracing trees as on true genealogical trees, while the Sackin index loses most of its power even under the most favorable conditions. We applied our J 1 -based test to data derived from cancer lineage tracing experiments and found widespread signals of growth rate heterogeneity in murine autochthonous lung cancers, and lung and PDAC xenograft experiments in mice. Our results demonstrate the potential and challenges of tree balance statistics in analyzing growth dynamics in lineage tracing data.},
}

@article {pmid40645851,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, J and Shadman, M},
title = {First-line Therapy: Time-Limited Venetoclax Doublet Therapy.},
journal = {Hematology/oncology clinics of North America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.hoc.2025.05.007},
pmid = {40645851},
issn = {1558-1977},
abstract = {Studies examining venetoclax in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) demonstrated a progression-free survival and in some cases overall survival benefit over chemoimmunotherapy. It is currently unclear what is the most optimal combination partner for a B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 inhibitor (BCL2i). We are eagerly awaiting results from studies to determine the most effective BCL2i and BTKi combination for the first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma given the development of second-generation drugs.},
}

@article {pmid40645186,
year = {2025},
author = {Chiou, SH and Tseng, D},
title = {Blood TCRs go to town with early NPC detection.},
journal = {Cancer cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ccell.2025.06.016},
pmid = {40645186},
issn = {1878-3686},
abstract = {In this issue of Cancer Cell, Zhang et al. report an innovative approach utilizing patients' blood T cell receptor (TCR) sequences for the early detection of nasopharyngeal cancer. This study highlights the potential of harnessing highly public TCRs in the peripheral blood as biomarkers for virally associated malignancies.},
}

@article {pmid40644338,
year = {2025},
author = {Koric, A and Chang, CE and Lee, YA and Wei, M and Lee, C and Wang, J and Hashibe, M},
title = {Incident depression after breast cancer among older Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander women.},
journal = {JNCI cancer spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jncics/pkaf066},
pmid = {40644338},
issn = {2515-5091},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Longitudinal studies focusing on the mental health of older (≥66 years) Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (ANHPI) women diagnosed with breast cancer are limited. We evaluated incident depression after breast cancer among specific groups of older ANHPI compared with older non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. Predictors of depression and the risk of death following early onset of depression after breast cancer were also evaluated.

METHODS: A cohort of 26,776 older ANHPI women in the US diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000-2017 was identified from the SEER-Medicare linked claims. There were 6,694 older ANHPI and 20,082 older NHW women diagnosed with breast cancer. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were assessed using Cox proportional hazards model with 99% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate incident depression and death among older ANHPI compared with age-matched NHW counterparts.

RESULTS: Compared with older NHW women with breast cancer, older Japanese (HR = 0.43, 99%CI 0.31, 0.66), Chinese (HR = 0.46, 99%CI 0.31, 0.67), Filipino (HR = 0.43, 99%CI 0.30, 0.60), and Asian Indian/Pakistani women (HR = 0.49, 99%CI 0.28, 0.84) had a lower risk of depression overall and within 5 years of follow-up; lower risk persisted for Japanese and Chinese women >5 years. ANHPI breast cancer patients with early onset of depression had a higher risk of death (HR = 1.46, 99%CI 1.30, 1.65) compared to those without depression.

CONCLUSION: Compared with older NHW women, older ANHPI women had a lower incidence of depression, although disentangling the stigma surrounding depression by race and ethnicity remains challenging.},
}

@article {pmid40641655,
year = {2025},
author = {Chakraborty, H and Sun, Q and Bhupathiraju, SN and Schenk, JM and Mishchuk, DO and Bain, JR and He, X and Sun, J and Harnly, J and Simmons, W and Raftery, D and Liang, L and Newman, JW and Fiehn, O and Clish, CB and Lampe, JW and Bennett, BJ and Navarro, SL and Wang, Y and Zheng, C and Mossavar-Rahmani, Y and McCullough, ML and Huang, Y and Shojaie, A and Zhu, W and Djukovic, D and Sacks, F and Williams, J and Steinberg, FM and Adams, SH and Hu, FB and Neuhouser, ML and Slupsky, CM and Maruvada, P},
title = {The Dietary Biomarkers Development Consortium: An Initiative for Discovery and Validation of Dietary Biomarkers for Precision Nutrition.},
journal = {Current developments in nutrition},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {107435},
pmid = {40641655},
issn = {2475-2991},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Diet is a complex exposure that affects health across the lifespan. Objective biomarkers that can reliably reflect intake of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns with sufficient accuracy are an important tool for assessing associations of diet with health outcomes. Advances in metabolomics, coupled with feeding trials and high-dimensional bioinformatics analyses, pave the way for discovering compounds that can serve as sensitive and specific biomarkers of dietary exposures. The Dietary Biomarkers Development Consortium (DBDC) is leading the first major effort to improve dietary assessment through the discovery and validation of biomarkers for foods commonly consumed in the United States diet. To achieve this goal, a 3-phase approach will be implemented to identify, evaluate, and validate food biomarkers. In phase 1, 3 controlled feeding trial designs will be implemented by administering test foods in prespecified amounts to healthy participants, followed by metabolomic profiling of blood and urine specimens collected during the feeding trials to identify candidate compounds. Data from these studies will characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters of candidate biomarkers associated with specific foods. In phase 2, the ability of candidate biomarkers to identify individuals eating the biomarker-associated foods will be evaluated using controlled feeding studies of various dietary patterns. In phase 3, the validity of candidate biomarkers to predict recent and habitual consumption of specific test foods will be evaluated in independent observational settings. Data generated during all study phases will be archived in a publicly accessible database as a resource for the research community. The DBDC aims to significantly expand the list of validated biomarkers of intake for foods consumed in the United States diet, which can help advance understanding of how diet influences human health. This manuscript discusses the DBDC's organizational infrastructure, study design, laboratory methods, and strategies for dietary biomarker discovery and validation.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trial was registered at Phase 1 Seattle Dietary Biomarkers Development Center (P1-SDBDC) as NCT05580653, at Fruit and Vegetable Biomarker Discovery (UCD-DBDC) as NCT05621863, and at Dietary Biomarkers Intervention Core as NCT05616585.},
}

@article {pmid40640959,
year = {2025},
author = {Cai, Y and Johnson, M and Haessler, J and Molstad, AJ and Hwang, SJ and Joehanes, R and Murabito, JM and Tahir, UA and Franceschini, N and Gerszten, RE and Sun, W and Levy, D and Raffield, LM and Kooperberg, C and Hsu, L and Reiner, AP},
title = {Protein quantitative trait locus analysis in African American and non-Hispanic White individuals.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {200},
pmid = {40640959},
issn = {1474-760X},
support = {R01 HL152439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL152439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL152439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL152439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL152439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; K08 HL161445-01A1/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; HHSN268201600034I, HL133870/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; U01-HG011720/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; U01-HG011720/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Substantial efforts have been dedicated to exploring the link between genetic regulation and the proteome, informing studies of complex trait mechanisms. Most of these efforts have been limited to populations of European ancestry.

RESULTS: We conduct an Olink protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) analysis on 1245 proteins involving 1033 self-identified African American (AA) and 1764 non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants from the Women's Health Initiative and Framingham Heart Study. For replication of candidate pQTLs, we use data from 534 self-identified AA adults from the Jackson Heart Study and protein genome-wide association analysis statistics from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project, including 54,219 participants, of whom 931 are of African ancestry. In total, we identify and validate 5103 pQTLs (4496 or 88% cis- and 602 or 12% trans-pQTLs) for 983 proteins. Among these, 195 are previously unreported, with most (166 or 85%) identified in our AA sample, many of which were essentially monomorphic in European reference populations. Several of these newly identified African ancestry-specific pQTLs have been reported in ClinVar; our results suggest impact on circulating protein levels, potentially bolstering evidence for clinical significance. We identify a "cis pQTL hotspot" within the leukocyte receptor gene cluster on human chromosome 19q13.4. We also provide examples where a particular cis-pQTL, identified through conditional analysis, offers biological insights into an overlapping GWAS signal for disease susceptibility.

CONCLUSIONS: The identification of previously undescribed African ancestry-specific pQTLs contributes to understanding protein genetic regulation and highlights the significance of proteomic analysis in diverse populations.},
}

@article {pmid40639916,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, C and Casjens, SR and Davidson, AR and Amundsen, SK and Smith, GR},
title = {Lambdoid phages with abundant Chi recombination hotspots reflect diverse viral strategies for recombination-dependent growth.},
journal = {Genome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/gr.280248.124},
pmid = {40639916},
issn = {1549-5469},
abstract = {Many phages encode recombination-mediating enzymes, but characterization of their roles in phage lifecycles is limited, and their impact on phage replication is controversial. To address these issues, we have searched for phages whose growth is impacted by the major recombination-promoting helicase-nuclease of Escherichia coli, the RecBCD enzyme. Although no phages inhibited by RecBCD are identified, growth of a newly isolated phage, named LLS, is enhanced by RecBCD. LLS's genome sequence reveals it is related to bacteriophage λ but encodes no recombination-promoting (Rec) proteins or associated RecBCD inhibitor. However, it contains an unexpectedly high number of Chi sites, activators of RecBCD-dependent recombination. Through analysis of 325 genomes of phages related to λ (lambdoid phages), we have found 71 other phage genomes that encode no Rec proteins but mostly possess large numbers of Chi sites. Conversely, phages encoding Rec proteins and a RecBCD inhibitor (collectively a Rec module) mostly lack Chi sites. Lambdoid phages of both diverse enteric bacteria and a pseudomonad have these properties. For this study, we thoroughly analyze the Rec modules of 246 lambdoid phage genomes. These analyses reveal a remarkable heterogeneity of Rec module protein types, both in sequence and in function, and allow us to identify phages that do not contain Rec modules. We conclude that phages lacking their own recombination systems have compensated by becoming enriched in Chi sites, enabling them to use the host's RecBCD to fulfill the requirement for recombination to efficiently replicate. This study highlights the importance of recombination for phage survival and the diversity of strategies to achieve it.},
}

@article {pmid40639796,
year = {2025},
author = {Parnes, M and Gonzalez, E and Tran, N and Stein, MA and Mendoza, J and Tandon, P},
title = {Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Behavioral Health in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States.},
journal = {Journal of physical activity & health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1123/jpah.2024-0497},
pmid = {40639796},
issn = {1543-5474},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a 24-hour disorder that both impacts, and, is impacted by, daily activity and sleep. Children with ADHD are less likely to meet recommended 24-hour movement guidelines (ie, on average 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity and several hours of light activity per day, less than 2 h of screen time, and 9-11 h of sleep). The current study examined associations between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines with ADHD symptoms, sleep problems, and media use.

METHODS: Accelerometer data measured physical activity and sleep among a sample of 93 children with ADHD (mean age = 8.10, SDage = 1.37, 58.9% male). Parent-report measures assessed ADHD symptoms, sleep difficulties, and media use. Multivariate analysis of covariance analyses explored associations between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and outcomes. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified unique combinations of 24-hour movement guideline adherence. Associations were examined between classes and outcomes.

RESULTS: Overall, 41.5% of children met physical activity guidelines, 23.4% met sedentary behavior guidelines, and 45.7% met sleep guidelines. Multivariate analysis of covariance analyses found that meeting more guidelines was associated with less sleep difficulties and problematic media use. LCA revealed 2 classes: Hypoactive children who were unlikely to meet activity guidelines and Work Hard, Play Hard children who were likely to meet activity and sleep guidelines. Children in the Work Hard, Play Hard class had less bedtime resistance compared with the Hypoactive class.

CONCLUSION: Findings have implications for clinicians and caregivers supporting children with ADHD to take a holistic approach to improve health behaviors throughout the whole day.},
}

@article {pmid40637727,
year = {2025},
author = {Dima, D and Logue, JM and Waqar, SHB and Peres, LC and Colin-Leitzinger, CM and De Avila, G and Smith, EC and Skelson, L and Matte, KL and Blue, B and Hovanky, VN and Gaballa, M and Pasvolsky, O and Oswald, LB and Fortuna, GGM and Wagner, CB and DeJarnette, S and Dillard, C and Perna, F and Mikkilineni, L and Hosoya, H and Freeman, CL and Shain, KH and Baz, RC and Grajales-Cruz, A and Puglianini, OC and Alsina, M and Locke, FL and Shune, LO and Sborov, DW and Patel, KK and Sidana, S and Hansen, DK},
title = {Cytopenias and infections following ciltacabtagene autoleucel in heavily-pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.},
journal = {Haematologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3324/haematol.2025.287783},
pmid = {40637727},
issn = {1592-8721},
abstract = {Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) was FDA-approved in February 2022 for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma after 4 lines of therapy. On CARTITUDE-1 trial, grade ≥3 cytopenias and infections were common. Herein, we sought to characterize cytopenias and infections after cilta-cel infusion in the standard-of-care setting. This multicenter retrospective study included 105 patients who received cilta-cel; 91 reached day-90 and 49 reached day-180 follow-up. Grade ≥3 cytopenia was present among 52% of patients on day-30, and 24% of patients on day-90. Based on the newer immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT) grading for neutropenia severity, 11 patients (10%) experienced grade ≥3 early ICAHT in the first 30 days, while only 3 (3.3%) experienced grade ≥3 late ICAHT after day-30. On univariate analysis, any grade thrombocytopenia at apheresis was associated with grade ≥3 cytopenia at both days 30 and 90. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was administered to 65%, transfusion support to 38%, thrombopoietin agonists to 10%, intravenous immunoglobulin to 52%, and CD34+ stem cell boosts to 9.5% of patients. Infections occurred in 49% of patients and were severe in 32%. Earlier infections in the first 30 days were equally bacterial (42%) and viral (42%). Later infections between days 31-100 and after day 100 were mostly viral (59% and 60%), with only 32% and 12% being grade ≥3 at each time period. On univariate analysis, worse ECOG performance status at lymphodepletion, higher maximum grade of CRS, delayed neurotoxicity, steroid and anakinra use, and lower IgA levels at day 90 were associated with severe infections.},
}

@article {pmid40635049,
year = {2025},
author = {Rosenthal, EA and Wei, WQ and Luo, Y and Namjou-Khales, B and Schaid, DJ and Esplin, ED and Lape, M and Kottyan, L and Pacheco, JA and Weng, C and Gordon, AS and Kullo, IJ and Crosslin, DR and Grady, WM and Hsu, L and Peters, U and Jarvik, GP},
title = {Phenome-wide association study identifies multiple traits associated with a polygenic risk score for colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Human genomics},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {77},
doi = {10.1186/s40246-025-00791-0},
pmid = {40635049},
issn = {1479-7364},
support = {U01HG008657, U01HG008685, U01HG008672, U01HG008666, U01HG006379, U01HG008679 , U01HG008680 , U01HG008684 , U01HG008673 , U01HG008701 , U01HG008676 , U01HG008664 , U54MD007593/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many factors, including environmental and genetic variables, contribute to Colorectal Cancer (CRC) risk. The genetic components of risk can be divided into monogenic and polygenic factors. Just as monogenic factors can increase risk for more than one condition, polygenic factors may also underlie multiple phenotypes, including behavioral traits. In order to understand the biology of CRC risk better, it is important to understand the shared polygenic genetic architecture contributing to CRC risk and other phenotypes, including CRC associated risk factors.

METHODS: We investigated potential shared genetics by performing a Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) with a multi-ancestry CRC polygenic risk score (PRS). The discovery cohort (N = 426,464) consisted of ancestrally diverse participants from the United Kingdom Biobank. The replication cohort (N = 87,271) consisted of ancestrally diverse participants from the electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network phase 3. We used a mixed-effects model to adjust for the presence of related individuals. To preserve power, we limited the number of tests by restricting analysis to ancestor phecodes derived from the electronic health record (EHR) that were not likely to be a result of CRC or its treatment.

RESULTS: We discovered and replicated associations between the CRC PRS and breast cancer, prostate cancer, obesity, smoking and alcohol use (discovery p < 1.1e-4; replication p < 0.0019). The association between CRC risk and prostate cancer may be a novel finding, whereas the association with breast cancer has been previously observed using orthogonal methods. The association between CRC risk and behavioral risk factors corroborate previous studies, also using orthogonal methods, and may reveal potential prevention or treatment strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: As these results corroborate findings from other studies using orthogonal methods, we demonstrate that a CRC PRS can be used as a proxy for genetic risk for CRC when investigating shared genetics between CRC and other phenotypes. Further study of the relationship between PRS from multiple traits with EHR data may reveal additional shared genetic factors. Ultimately, understanding these underlying genetic correlations may identify prevention and treatment strategies for CRC.},
}

@article {pmid40634609,
year = {2025},
author = {Tortorici, MA and Choi, A and Gibson, CA and Lee, J and Brown, JT and Stewart, C and Joshi, A and Harari, S and Willoughby, I and Treichel, C and Leaf, EM and Bloom, JD and King, NP and Tait-Burkard, C and Whittaker, GR and Veesler, D},
title = {Loss of FCoV-23 spike domain 0 enhances fusogenicity and entry kinetics.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40634609},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {The ability of coronaviruses to recombine and cross species barriers affects human and animal health globally and is a pandemic threat[1,2]. FCoV-23 is a recently emerged, highly pathogenic recombinant coronavirus responsible for a widespread outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis. Here we report cryogenic electron microscopy structures of two FCoV-23 spike isoforms that correspond to the in-host loss of domain 0 observed in clinical samples. The loss of domain 0 markedly enhances the fusogenicity and kinetics of entry into cells and possibly enables biotype switching and lethality. We show that FCoV-23 can use several aminopeptidase N orthologues as receptors and reveal the molecular determinants of receptor species tropism, including a glycan that modulates human receptor engagement. We define antigenic relationships among alphacoronaviruses that infect humans and other mammalian species and identify a cross-reactive alphacoronavirus monoclonal antibody that inhibits FCoV-23 entry. Our results pave the way for the development of vaccines and therapeutics that target this highly pathogenic virus.},
}

@article {pmid40633624,
year = {2025},
author = {Chari, ST and Wu, B and Lopez, C and Lustigova, E and Chen, Q and Van Den Eeden, SK and Leimpeter, AD and Fisher, W and Wood, A and Alexander, AS and Valenta, J and Vege, SS and Carlson, EE and Rabe, KG and Hart, PA and Qian, L and Zhao, YQ and Yosuf, N and Matrisian, L and Kenner, B and Rinaudo, JA and Maitra, A and Feng, Z},
title = {RISK OF PANCREATIC CANCER IN GLYCEMICALLY DEFINED NEW-ONSET DIABETES: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2025.06.025},
pmid = {40633624},
issn = {1528-0012},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Increased 3-year incidence of pancreatic cancer following new-onset diabetes (NOD) observed in retrospective studies needs prospec4ive validation. It is unknown if incidence varies by race/ethnicity.

METHODS: In a prospective, observational study using active real-time surveillance of electronic health records we identified 18,838 adults >50 years of age with NOD defined by glycemic criteria (GNOD). In this interim analysis, we report 3-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of proportion diagnosed with pancreatic cancer following GNOD (absolute incidence (95% Confidence Intervals)) and associated Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) by race/ethnicity; overall 3-year incidence of pancreatic cancer adjusting for racial distribution of incident diabetes in the United States; and interval between GNOD and pancreatic cancer diagnosis.

RESULTS: During median follow-up of 2.3 years, 82 pancreatic cancers have been diagnosed (60% male, mean age 71±8 years). The 3-year estimates for proportion diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (95% CI) and associated SIR (95% CI) by race/ethnicity were: non-Hispanic Whites (n=6,518) 0.84% (CI: 0.60, 1.07) (SIR 6.4 (CI: 4.8, 8.4)); Hispanics (n=5,984) 0.40% (0.20, 0.60) (SIR 4.2 (2.6, 6.3)); African Americans (n=2,192) 0.37% (0.07, 0.67) (SIR 2.4 (1.0, 5.0), and Asian/Pacific Islander (n=3,360) 0.22% (.06, 0.39) (SIR 3.0 (1.4, 6.0). Overall, race-adjusted 3-year pancreatic cancer incidence was 0.62%. On average GNOD occurred 8 months prior to clinical diagnosis; 0-4 months in 30.5%, 4-12 months in 31.3%, 12-24 months in 19.5%, and 24-36 months in 18.7%.

CONCLUSIONS: Glycemically defined new-onset diabetes, identifiable in real-time using active surveillance of electronic health records, is associated with a high 3-year incidence of pancreatic cancer with marked racial/ethnic differences. Longer term risk needs further study.},
}

@article {pmid40633141,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramachandran, D and Wang, X and Laisk, T and Zheng, Y and Ingold, N and Canson, DM and Kho, PF and Naumann, BJ and Chapman, CJ and Bousset, K and Krause, AV and Schürmann, P and Wieland, B and Hanel, P and Hülse, F and Häfner, N and Runnebaum, I and Dubrowinskaja, N and Turmanov, N and Yugay, T and Yessimsiitova, ZB and Amant, F and Annibali, D and Beckmann, MW and Bodelon, C and Buchanan, DD and Chen, C and Clarke, MA and Cook, LS and De Vivo, I and De Wispelaere, W and Du, M and Easton, DF and Emons, J and Fasching, PA and Friedenreich, CM and Gallagher, G and Giles, GG and Goode, EL and Harris, HR and Hunter, DJ and Kolin, DL and Kraft, P and Lacey, JV and Lambrechts, D and Lu, L and Mutter, GL and Naduparambil, J and O'Connell, K and Patel, AV and Pharoah, PDP and Rebbeck, TR and Ricceri, F and Risch, HA and Ruebner, M and Sacerdote, C and Scott, RJ and Setiawan, VW and Shu, XO and Southey, MC and Tham, E and Tomlinson, I and Turman, C and Wentzensen, N and Xu, W and Yu, H and Zheng, W and Spurdle, AB and Yarden, Y and , and Mägi, R and Hillemanns, P and Glubb, DM and Dörk, T and O'Mara, TA},
title = {GWAS meta-analysis identifies five susceptibility loci for endometrial cancer.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {118},
number = {},
pages = {105830},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105830},
pmid = {40633141},
issn = {2352-3964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in high-income countries. In addition to environmental risk factors, genetic predisposition contributes towards endometrial cancer development but is still incompletely defined.

METHODS: Building on genome-wide association studies (GWASs) by the Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium, we conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of 17,278 endometrial cancer cases and 289,180 controls, incorporating biobank samples from the UK, Finland, Estonia and Japan.

FINDINGS: GWAS analysis identified five additional risk loci (3p25.2, 3q25.2, 6q22.31, 12q21.2, and 17q24.2). Corresponding gene-based analyses supported findings for three of the five loci, at NAV3 (12q21.2), PPARG (3p25.2), and BPTF (17q24.2), as well as two additional candidate risk regions at ATF7IP2 (16p13.2-p13.13) and RPP21 (6p22.1). Validation genotyping in further independent case-control series replicated the most significant locus at 12q21.2 and corroborated risk variants located intronic to NAV3, the gene for Neuron Navigator 3. Downregulation of NAV3 in endometrial cell lines accelerated cell division and wound healing capacity whereas NAV3 overexpression reduced cell survival and increased cell death, indicating that NAV3 acts as a tumour suppressor in endometrial cells.

INTERPRETATION: Our large study extends the number of genome-wide significant risk loci identified for endometrial carcinoma by about one-third and proposes a role of NAV3 as a tumour suppressor in this common cancer.

FUNDING: This study was mainly supported by funding from the Wilhelm Sander Foundation, Germany, and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia. A complete list of funding organisations is provided in the acknowledgements.},
}

@article {pmid40632975,
year = {2025},
author = {Anbil, S and Seewald, NJ and Chiorean, EG and Hussein, M and Kasi, PM and Laux, DE and Schwartz, GK and Shapiro, GI and Lin, KK and Craib, M and Maloney, L and McLachlan, K and Tukachinsky, H and Schrock, AB and Wang, S and Sokol, ES and Decker, B and Nathanson, KL and Domchek, SM and Reiss, KA},
title = {LODESTAR: A Single-Arm Phase II Study of Rucaparib in Solid Tumors With Pathogenic Germline or Somatic Variants in Homologous Recombination Repair Genes.},
journal = {JCO precision oncology},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e2500090},
doi = {10.1200/PO-25-00090},
pmid = {40632975},
issn = {2473-4284},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics ; *Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Aged ; Adult ; *Indoles/therapeutic use ; *Recombinational DNA Repair/genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To explore poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor utility across solid tumors and identify biomarkers that predict sensitivity.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This single-arm phase II study assessed rucaparib monotherapy in patients with solid tumors and pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D (cohort A) or BARD1, BRIP1, FANCA, NBN, and RAD51B (cohort B). The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) in cohort A. Secondary end points included disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. A scar-based homologous recombination deficiency signature (HRDsig) and platinum sensitivity status were explored post hoc.

RESULTS: Fifty-one patients in cohort A and 12 in cohort B were evaluable for efficacy. ORR of cohort A was 18% (95% CI, 10 to 30). A significantly higher ORR was observed with HRDsig+ tumors compared with HRDsig- tumors (32%; 95% CI, 15 to 54 v 0%; 95% CI, 0 to 14; P < .01). In the entire study population, DCR was 65% (95% CI, 53 to 76), median PFS (mPFS) 5.5 months (95% CI, 3.68 to 7.82), and median OS 12.1 months (95% CI, 10.6 to inferred). PFS and hazard of death from any cause was significantly better for platinum-sensitive tumors (mPFS: 7.8 months v 3.5 months; P = .02; hazard ratio, 0.11 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.55]). Tumor histology was not independently predictive of outcome. Tumors with PVs in cohort A genes were more likely to be HRDsig+ than tumors with PVs in cohort B genes. Analysis of a large commercial database showed that in noncanonical tumors with BRCA PVs, 30.2% were HRDsig+.

CONCLUSION: Rucaparib has activity in HRDsig+ solid tumors with PVs in homologous recombination repair genes, regardless of histology. Platinum sensitivity correlated with improved outcomes.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics
*Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Aged
Adult
*Indoles/therapeutic use
*Recombinational DNA Repair/genetics
Germ-Line Mutation

@article {pmid40632513,
year = {2025},
author = {Raychaudhuri, R and Lin, DW and Montgomery, RB},
title = {Complexity of Prostate Cancer-Reply.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2025.7193},
pmid = {40632513},
issn = {1538-3598},
}

@article {pmid40632085,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, C and Zhang, Z and Crosse, EI and Sajedi, S and Lu, B and Wang, X and Karma, S and Kostich, M and Rajendran, SH and Udy, DB and Chen, S and Arnuk, A and Lawal, AE and Koenig, KR and McKenna, M and Reville, PK and Abbas, HA and Abdel-Wahab, O and Miura, P and Bradley, RK and Wang, E},
title = {An isoform-specific RUNX1C-BTG2 axis governs AML quiescence and chemoresistance.},
journal = {Blood cancer discovery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-24-0327},
pmid = {40632085},
issn = {2643-3249},
abstract = {Aberrant levels or structures of RNA isoforms are a hallmark of many cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet its role in AML chemoresistance remains unclear. We conducted a paired analysis of RNA isoform changes in AML patients before therapy and at relapse post-chemotherapy, identifying and identified intragenic DNA methylation at the proximal promoter of the transcription factor RUNX1, which resulted in elevated expression of the long isoform RUNX1C through its alternative distal promoter. The N-terminal region of RUNX1C orchestrated an isoform-specific transcriptional program that promoted chemoresistance, with its direct target BTG2 playing a role in chemotherapy resistance. BTG2 promoted ribosomal RNA deadenylation, resulting in decreased mRNA expression and stability. Deletion of ribosomal RNA's increased cellular quiescence. Moreover, RNA-based targeting of RUNX1C reactivated quiescent leukemia cells and enhanced chemotherapy efficacy. These findings delineate an isoform-specific transcriptional circuit that governs chemotherapy response, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate AML recurrence.},
}

@article {pmid40629516,
year = {2025},
author = {Razzo, BM and Midha, S and Portuguese, AJ and Grajales-Cruz, AF and De Menezes Silva Corraes, A and Costello, P and Liu, Y and Sperling, AS and Nadeem, O and Dima, D and Banerjee, R and Cowan, AJ and Afrough, A and Anderson, LD and Lieberman-Cribbin, A and Kaur, G and Goyal, A and Atrash, S and Ferreri, CJ and Voorhees, PM and Pasvolsky, O and Lee, HC and Patel, KK and Julian, KL and Forsberg, PA and Herr, MM and Chhabra, S and Parrondo, RD and Lin, Y and Chen, A and Susanibar-Adaniya, SP and Khouri, J and Raza, S and Anwer, F and Vazquez-Martinez, M and Castaneda Puglianini, O and Sborov, DW and Davis, JA and Rossi, A and Shune, L and Bhurtel, J and Hwang, WT and Hansen, DK and Sidana, S and Garfall, AL and Richard, S},
title = {Real-World Experience with Teclistamab for Relapsed/ Refractory Multiple Myeloma from the U.S. Myeloma Immunotherapy Consortium.},
journal = {Blood cancer discovery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-24-0354},
pmid = {40629516},
issn = {2643-3249},
abstract = {Teclistamab is an anti-CD3xBCMA bispecific antibody approved for use in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). We undertook a retrospective study of post-approval, real-world outcomes with teclistamab in the U.S. MM Immunotherapy Consortium. Among 509 patients, 89% would have been ineligible for the MajesTEC-1 trial, primarily due to prior BCMA-directed therapy, cytopenias, or diminished performance status. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 54% (1.4% grade ≥3) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome in 11% (2.2% grade ≥3) with no fatal events. Infections occurred in 42% and contributed to death in 5%. Partial response (PR) or better was achieved in 53% and very good PR (VGPR) or better in 45%. With 10.1 months median follow-up, estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months, and 12-month overall survival was 61%. Independent predictors of }

@article {pmid40629152,
year = {2025},
author = {Simar, SR and Tran, TT and Rydell, KB and Atterstrom, RL and Sahasrabhojane, PV and Dinh, AQ and Schettino, MG and Slanis, HS and Deyanov, AE and DeTranaltes, AM and Axell-House, DB and Miller, WR and Munita, JM and Tobys, D and Seifert, H and Biehl, LM and Zervos, M and Suleyman, G and Kaur, J and Warzocha, V and Rosa, R and Cifuentes, RO and Abbo, LM and Shimose, L and Liu, C and Nguyen, K and Miller, A and Shelburne, SA and Hanson, BM and Arias, CA},
title = {Clinical and Genomic Characterization of Recalcitrant Enterococcal Bacteremia: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study (VENOUS).},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiaf358},
pmid = {40629152},
issn = {1537-6613},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with recalcitrant enterococcal bloodstream infections are at greater risk of adverse outcomes. We identified patients in the 2016-2022 Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Bacteremia Outcomes Study (VENOUS) cohort experiencing recalcitrant bloodstream infections for further clinical and genomic characterization.

METHODS: Bacteremia episodes were considered "persistent" if there was a lack of clearance on day four while receiving ≥ 48 hours of active therapy and recurrent if there was clearance during hospitalization with a subsequent positive culture (collectively, "recalcitrant" bacteremia). A matched comparison group of non-recalcitrant bacteremia patients was chosen in a 2:1 control:case ratio. Isolates were subjected to short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing. Hybrid assemblies were created using a custom pipeline.

FINDINGS: A total of 46 recalcitrant infections from 41 patients were identified. Patients with persistent bacteremia were more often admitted to the ICU upon admission relative to controls. E. faecalis strains causing persistent infections had a significantly higher proportion of genes associated with carbohydrate utilization relative to controls. Representation of functional groups associated with mutated genes was disparate between E. faecium and E. faecalis index and persistent isolates, suggesting species-specific adaptation.

DISCUSSION: Enterococcal isolates causing recalcitrant bacteremia were genomically diverse, indicating that strain-specific signatures are not drivers of persistence. However, comparisons of index vs. persistent isolates revealed that E. faecium may be genetically pre-adapted to cause persistent infection, and site-specific structural variation during infection suggests the role of differential gene expression in adaptation and persistence. This data lays groundwork for future studies to define signatures of enterococcal adaptation during bacteremia.},
}

@article {pmid40628699,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Z and Yang, W and Wu, G and Chang, TC and Cheng, Z and Devidas, M and Shago, M and Carroll, AJ and Heerema, NA and Gastier-Foster, JM and Wood, BL and Sanclemente, L and Raetz, EA and Hunger, SP and Loh, ML and Feingold, E and Rosser, TC and Allen, EG and Sherman, SL and Rabin, KR and Lupo, PJ and Yang, JJ},
title = {Inferring chromosome segregation error stage and crossover in trisomic disorders with application to Down syndrome.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {6316},
pmid = {40628699},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Humans ; *Down Syndrome/genetics ; *Chromosome Segregation/genetics ; *Crossing Over, Genetic ; Meiosis/genetics ; *Nondisjunction, Genetic/genetics ; Female ; Markov Chains ; *Trisomy/genetics ; Male ; Child ; },
abstract = {Errors in chromosome segregation during gametogenesis, such as nondisjunction (NDJ) errors, have severe consequences in human reproduction, and a better understanding of their etiology is of fundamental interest in genetics. Mapping NDJ errors to meiotic/mitotic stages typically requires proband-parent comparison, limiting its applicability. Herein, we develop Mis-segregation Error Identification through Hidden Markov Models (MeiHMM), a method for inferring NDJ error stage and crossover events based on only genomic data of trisomic probands. Guided by triallelic genotype/haplotype configurations, MeiHMM discerns the allelic origin at each locus, which informs NDJ error during gamete formation, without identifying the parental origin of the trisomy. In 152 Down syndrome (DS) cases, MeiHMM achieved an accuracy of 96.1% in classifying NDJ errors, with a sensitivity of 91.6% in crossover identification, compared to proband-parents trio analysis. 17% of Meiosis II errors were misclassified as Meiosis I, mainly due to small proximal crossover events. Applying MeiHMM to 509 children with DS-associated childhood leukemia, we demonstrate that NDJ error is associated with the age of disease onset, somatic genomic abnormalities, and prognosis. Thus, MeiHMM is an effective method for trisomic NDJ error classification and crossover identification that can be applied broadly to study the etiology of congenital aneuploidy conditions.},
}

Humans
*Down Syndrome/genetics
*Chromosome Segregation/genetics
*Crossing Over, Genetic
Meiosis/genetics
*Nondisjunction, Genetic/genetics
Female
Markov Chains
*Trisomy/genetics
Male
Child

@article {pmid40628395,
year = {2025},
author = {Farrell-Sherman, A and de la Force, N and Prator, CA and Valieris, R and Azam, W and Da Silva, I and Deeks, SG and Thanh, C and Bosch, RJ and Henrich, TJ and Cohn, LB},
title = {Antiviral Monocytes Increase Prior to Detectable HIV-1 Rebound Viremia.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiaf367},
pmid = {40628395},
issn = {1537-6613},
abstract = {The persistence of HIV-1 proviruses in latently infected cells allows viremia to resume upon treatment cessation. To characterize the resulting immune response, we compare plasma proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before, during, and after detectable plasma viremia. We observe unique transcriptional signatures prior to viral rebound including a significant increase in CD16++ monocytes with increased antiviral gene expression. Inflammatory proteins were identified in plasma after detectable rebound. Identifying early signals of imminent viral rebound after treatment cessation will aid in the development of strategies to prolong time to viral rebound and cure HIV-1.},
}

@article {pmid40627547,
year = {2025},
author = {Paatela, EM and St Amant, FG and Hamm, DC and Bennett, SR and Gujral, TS and van der Maarel, SM and Tapscott, SJ},
title = {A discrete region of the D4Z4 is sufficient to initiate epigenetic silencing.},
journal = {Human molecular genetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/hmg/ddaf114},
pmid = {40627547},
issn = {1460-2083},
support = {P50AR065139/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01AR066248/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The DUX4 transcription factor is briefly expressed in the early embryo and is epigenetically repressed in somatic tissues. Loss of epigenetic repression can result in the aberrant expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle and can cause facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). Multiple factors have been identified as necessary to maintain epigenetic silencing of DUX4 in skeletal muscle, but whether specific sequences at the DUX4 locus are sufficient for initiating epigenetic silencing has not been known. We cloned fragments of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat, the DNA region that encompasses the DUX4 retrogene, adjacent to a reporter driven by a constitutive promoter and identified a single fragment sufficient to epigenetically repress reporter gene expression. Previously identified repressors of DUX4 expression-SETDB1, ATF7IP, SIN3A/B, and LRIF1-were necessary for silencing activity and p38 inhibitors enhanced suppression. These findings identify a key regulatory sequence for D4Z4 epigenetic repression and establish a model system for mechanistic and discovery studies.},
}

@article {pmid40627379,
year = {2025},
author = {Chatterjee, S and Rückert, T and Martin, I and Michaeli, E and Buescher, J and Apostolova, P and Erny, D and Lalioti, ME and Biavasco, F and Hartmann, A and Runge, S and Braun, LM and Talvard-Balland, N and Adams, RC and Schmitt-Graeff, A and Cook, J and Wenger, V and Athanassopoulos, D and Hasavci, D and Vallejo-Janeta, AP and Blank, T and Schaible, P and Vinnakota, JM and Zähringer, A and Ganal-Vonarburg, SC and Melchinger, W and Pfeifer, D and Köhler, N and Rosshart, SP and Michonneau, D and Socié, G and Andrieux, G and Cabezas-Wallscheid, N and Boerries, M and Prinz, M and Zeiser, R},
title = {Gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a modulator of acute CNS-GVHD.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
volume = {222},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20242180},
pmid = {40627379},
issn = {1540-9538},
support = {2021/A2-Fol//University of Freiburg/ ; 2021/B3-Fol//University of Freiburg/ ; 450392965//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 259373024//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 441891347//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 256073931//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 431984000//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 491676693//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 471011418//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 493802833//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 872/4-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; ZE 872/7-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; ZE 872/8-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; RO 6247/1-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 446316360//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 256073931//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 491676693//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 101094168/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; 70114655//Deutsche Krebshilfe/ ; 70116490//Deutsche Krebshilfe/ ; DJCLS 09R/2022//Jose-Carreras Leukemia Foundation/ ; 7030-23//Leukemia and Lymphoma Society/ ; 390939984//Germany's Excellence Strategy/ ; 560868983//Germany's Excellence Strategy/ ; 10.001.317/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; //European Hematology Association/ ; 24C246//Novartis Foundation for Biomedical Research/ ; 2015_A147//Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung/ ; //Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg/ ; 01ZZ2322A//German Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; 01ZZ2015//German Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; 101119855//Deutschen Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Microglia/metabolism/drug effects ; *Graft vs Host Disease/microbiology/metabolism/pathology/etiology ; Mice ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Male ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Acute Disease ; *Central Nervous System/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Female ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; },
abstract = {Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) can affect the central nervous system (CNS) through microglial activation and T cell infiltration, but the role of gut microbiota in CNS-aGVHD remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of microbiota in microglial activation during aGVHD using antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF), germ-free (GF), and wildling mice. Antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion led to infiltration of IFN-γ-producing T cells in the brain, activation of microglia via the TLR4/p38 MAPK pathway, and neurocognitive deficits in SPF aGVHD mice. Microglial depletion reversed the neurocognitive deficits. GF and wildling mice treated with antibiotics exhibited similar microglial activation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Mechanistically, the bacteria-derived metabolite N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA) was decreased in microglia following antibiotic treatment. TMAVA administration suppressed TLR4/p38 MAPK pathway activity in microglia and alleviated gut microbiota depletion-mediated neurocognitive deficits. Additionally, TMAVA abundance decreased in patient blood after allo-HCT and after GVHD onset. In summary, we identify TMAVA loss as a central causative factor for CNS-aGVHD, opening new perspectives for a metabolite-based therapy.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Microglia/metabolism/drug effects
*Graft vs Host Disease/microbiology/metabolism/pathology/etiology
Mice
Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
Humans
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Male
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
Acute Disease
*Central Nervous System/pathology
T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Female
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms

@article {pmid40624354,
year = {2025},
author = {Baele, G and Ji, X and Hassler, GW and McCrone, JT and Shao, Y and Zhang, Z and Holbrook, AJ and Lemey, P and Drummond, AJ and Rambaut, A and Suchard, MA},
title = {BEAST X for Bayesian phylogenetic, phylogeographic and phylodynamic inference.},
journal = {Nature methods},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40624354},
issn = {1548-7105},
abstract = {Here we present the open-source and cross-platform BEAST X software that combines molecular phylogenetic reconstruction with complex trait evolution, divergence-time dating and coalescent demographics in an efficient statistical inference engine. BEAST X significantly advances the flexibility and scalability of evolutionary models supported. Novel clock and substitution models leverage a large variety of evolutionary processes; discrete, continuous and mixed traits with missingness and measurement errors; and fast, gradient-informed integration techniques that rapidly traverse high-dimensional parameter spaces.},
}

@article {pmid40624264,
year = {2025},
author = {Templin, T and Fort, S and Padmanabham, P and Seshadri, P and Rimal, R and Oliva, J and Hassmiller Lich, K and Sylvia, S and Sinnott-Armstrong, N},
title = {Framework for bias evaluation in large language models in healthcare settings.},
journal = {NPJ digital medicine},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {414},
pmid = {40624264},
issn = {2398-6352},
support = {2026498//National Science Foundation/ ; N/A//Public Health Sciences Klorfine Pilot Award/ ; N/A//Public Health Sciences Klorfine Pilot Award/ ; K01AI159233/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {A critical gap in the adoption of large language models for AI-assisted clinical decisions is the lack of a standardized audit framework to evaluate models for accuracy and bias. Our framework introduces a five-step framework that guides practitioners through stakeholder engagement, model calibration to specific patient populations, and rigorous testing through clinically relevant scenarios. We provide open-access tools for stakeholder engagement and an example of an audit. As the regulation of models becomes more critical, we believe adoption of an audit framework that tests model outputs, rather than regulating specific hyperparameters or inputs, will encourage the responsible use of AI in clinical settings.},
}

@article {pmid40623313,
year = {2025},
author = {Aragaki, AK and Manson, JE and LeBlanc, ES and Chlebowski, RT and Tinker, LF and Allison, MA and Haring, B and Odegaard, AO and Wassertheil-Smoller, S and Saquib, N and Masaki, K and Harris, HR and Jager, LR and Bea, JW and Wactawski-Wende, J and Anderson, GL},
title = {Development and Validation of Body Mass Index-Specific Waist Circumference Thresholds in Postmenopausal Women : A Prospective Cohort Study.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-24-00713},
pmid = {40623313},
issn = {1539-3704},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A 2020 consensus statement proposed body mass index (BMI)-specific waist circumference (WC) thresholds to improve patient care.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether stratifying BMI categories by BMI-specific WC thresholds improves mortality risk prediction.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING: Women's Health Initiative multicenter, population-based U.S. study, with enrollment from 1993 to 1998 and follow-up through 2021.

PARTICIPANTS: 139 213 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years were included in a development cohort (n = 67 774) and 2 external validation cohorts. Validation Cohort 1 had high prevalence of overweight or obesity (n = 48 335), and Validation Cohort 2 included diverse, geographically separate centers (n = 23 104).

MEASUREMENTS: Height, weight, and WC measured at enrollment. BMI categories were normal weight (18.5 to <25 kg/m[2]), overweight (25 to <30 kg/m[2]), obesity-1 (30 to <35 kg/m[2]), obesity-2 (35 to <40 kg/m[2]), and obesity-3 (≥40 kg/m[2]), with further stratification by prespecified WC thresholds (≥80, ≥90, ≥105, ≥115, and ≥115 cm, respectively). Mortality was ascertained annually and was supplemented with serial National Death Index queries. Ten- and 20-year mortality prediction models that included BMI categories were compared to models with BMI categories stratified by WC thresholds using c-statistics and continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI).

RESULTS: Over a median of 24 years of follow-up, 69 297 participants died. Multivariable-adjusted mortality risk was consistently greater for BMI categories with large WC than those with normal WC. Compared with women with normal weight and normal WC, women with normal or overweight BMI but large WC (hazard ratios [HRs], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.21] and 1.19 [CI, 1.15 to 1.24], respectively) had risk similar to those with obesity-1 but normal WC (HR, 1.12 [CI, 1.08 to 1.16]). Mortality associated with obesity-1 and large WC (HR, 1.45 [CI, 1.35 to 1.55]) was similar to that with obesity-3 and normal WC (HR, 1.40 [CI, 1.28 to 1.54]). Models with BMI-specific WC thresholds improved discrimination and risk stratification at 10 years for Validation Cohort 1; c-statistics improved by 0.7% (CI, 0.3% to 1.0%) to 61.3% (CI, 60.2% to 62.5%), and continuous NRI was 20.4% (CI, 17.3% to 23.6%). Results were mixed for Validation Cohort 2; risk stratification improved (continuous NRI, 12.3% [CI, 8.5% to 16.0%]), but not discrimination. Results were similar at 20 years.

LIMITATION: The study did not include men or younger women.

CONCLUSION: Further stratifying BMI categories by WC thresholds modestly improved mortality risk stratification, with larger WC predicting greater mortality, although the degree of improvement varied by cohort. Discrimination did not improve consistently.

PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health.},
}

@article {pmid40623281,
year = {2025},
author = {Montano-Campos, JF and Hahn, E and Haupt, E and Radich, J and Bansal, A},
title = {Using Early Biomarker Change and Treatment Adherence to Predict Risk of Relapse Among Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Who Are in Remission.},
journal = {JCO clinical cancer informatics},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e2500003},
pmid = {40623281},
issn = {2473-4276},
mesh = {Humans ; *Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy/pathology/genetics/diagnosis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Biomarkers, Tumor ; Adult ; Aged ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology ; *Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics ; Remission Induction ; Prognosis ; *Treatment Adherence and Compliance ; Risk Assessment ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: There is little guidance for decision making in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after patients achieve molecular remission. Our study addresses this gap by developing a risk prediction model for molecular relapse using early longitudinal factors, such as BCR::ABL1 biomarker-level changes and treatment adherence.

METHODS: We analyzed electronic health record data of patients with CML diagnosed between 2007 and 2019 from an integrated health system. We used a time-to-event modeling framework using a Cox proportional hazards approach where we evaluated time from molecular remission to molecular relapse. The main predictors were early changes in BCR::ABL1 levels from treatment initiation to the first follow-up measurement (typically around 3 months) and treatment adherence in the first 6 months, categorized as perfect (≥0.98) or less-than-perfect (<0.98). Model performance was assessed through five-fold cross-validation combined with 100 Monte Carlo bootstrapping iterations to ensure robustness and minimize bias.

RESULTS: Patients with early improvement in BCR::ABL1 levels had a 70% lower risk relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.30 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.59]) compared with those without early molecular response. Perfect adherence during this critical early phase of treatment was associated with a 56% lower relapse risk (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.22 to 0.85]). Predictive accuracy was high at 6 months (AUC, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.95) and 1-year postremission (AUC, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.81). Relapse risk was significantly higher among Black, Asian, and Hispanic patients compared with non-Hispanic White patients.

CONCLUSION: Early biomarker trends and adherence after treatment initiation are critical for accurately predicting relapse among patients who achieve molecular remission. The proposed model addresses a gap in guidance after molecular remission and has the potential to enable personalized monitoring and optimize surveillance strategies, offering transformative potential for CML care.},
}

Humans
*Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy/pathology/genetics/diagnosis
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Biomarkers, Tumor
Adult
Aged
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
*Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
Remission Induction
Prognosis
*Treatment Adherence and Compliance
Risk Assessment

@article {pmid40623109,
year = {2025},
author = {Jochim, B and Topalidou, I and Lehrbach, N},
title = {Protein sequence editing defines distinct and overlapping functions of SKN-1A/Nrf1 and SKN-1C/Nrf2.},
journal = {PLoS genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {7},
pages = {e1011780},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1011780},
pmid = {40623109},
issn = {1553-7404},
abstract = {The Nrf/NFE2L family of transcription factors regulates redox balance, xenobiotic detoxification, metabolism, proteostasis, and aging. Nrf1/NFE2L1 is primarily responsible for stress-responsive upregulation of proteasome subunit genes and is essential for adaptation to proteotoxic stress. Nrf2/NFE2L2 is mainly involved in activating oxidative stress responses and promoting xenobiotic detoxification. Nrf1 and Nrf2 contain very similar DNA binding domains and can drive similar transcriptional responses. In C. elegans, a single gene, skn-1, encodes distinct protein isoforms, SKN-1A and SKN-1C, that function analogously to mammalian Nrf1 and Nrf2, respectively, and share an identical DNA binding domain. Thus, the extent to which SKN-1A/Nrf1 and SKN-1C/Nrf2 functions are distinct or overlapping has been unclear. Regulation of the proteasome by SKN-1A/Nrf1 requires post-translational conversion of N-glycosylated asparagine residues to aspartate by the PNG-1/NGLY1 peptide:N-glycanase, a process we term 'sequence editing'. Here, we reveal the consequences of sequence editing for the transcriptomic output of activated SKN-1A. We confirm that activation of proteasome subunit genes is strictly dependent on sequence editing. In addition, we find that sequence edited SKN-1A can also activate genes linked to redox homeostasis and xenobiotic detoxification that are also regulated by SKN-1C, but the extent of these genes' activation is antagonized by sequence editing. Using mutant alleles that selectively inactivate either SKN-1A or SKN-1C, we show that both isoforms promote optimal oxidative stress resistance, acting as effectors for distinct signaling pathways. These findings suggest that sequence editing governs SKN-1/Nrf functions by tuning the SKN-1A/Nrf1 regulated transcriptome.},
}

@article {pmid40623049,
year = {2025},
author = {Perales, MA and Awan, FT and Boumendil, A and Patel, J and Castagna, L and Angelucci, E and Finel, H and Kulagin, AD and Glass, B and Corradini, P and Herrera, AF and Blaise, D and Kharfan-Dabaja, MA and Halahleh, K and Ahmed, S and Martinez, C and Giebel, S and Montoto, S and Jones, RJ and Ahmed, N and Lynch, RC and de Lima, MJ and Shadman, M and Sauter, CS and Ahn, KW and Hamadani, M and Bazarbachi, A and Sureda, A},
title = {Outcomes of Allogeneic HCT in Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Joint CIBMTR and EBMT Analysis.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2024027197},
pmid = {40623049},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) have shown remarkable efficacy in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and are now used routinely for this disease. While allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) remains a curative option for HL, there are concerns that prior CPI may exacerbate post alloHCT complications, particularly graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and lead to worse outcomes. Given the relative paucity of data, we performed a CIBMTR/EBMT study to examine the impact of prior CPI in alloHCT outcomes. We included 2186 adult patients > 18 years who received a first alloHCT using a matched related, unrelated or haploidentical donor from 2008-2023. Twenty-seven percent of patients received prior CPI. GVHD prophylaxis was post-transplant cyclophosphamide in 55.8% patients in the CPI cohort and 35% in the non-CPI cohort. Median follow-up among survivors was longer for the non-CPI (39 months) than CPI cohort (16.5 months). In the multivariate analysis, prior CPI exposure did not affect overall survival or non-relapse mortality but resulted in improved progression-free survival (non-CPI vs. CPI HR 0.81, 0.67-0.98, p=0.03) and lower incidence of relapse (HR 0.58, 0.45-0.76, p<0001). While grade II-IV (HR1.26, 1.04-1.53; p=0.02) and III-IV (HR1.41, 1.04-1.92; p=0.03) acute GVHD were increased differences in chronic GVHD were not significant. Use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide based GVHD prophylaxis resulted in improved OS, lower grade II-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD in patients with prior CPI exposure. In summary, allo-HCT should still be considered a curative option for patients with HL in the era of checkpoint inhibitors.},
}

@article {pmid40623045,
year = {2025},
author = {Dhodapkar, MV and Paiva, B},
title = {Immune Alterations in Myeloma Evolution and Outcomes: Quo Vadis?.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2024026227},
pmid = {40623045},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {The pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and its precursor monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is linked to an aging immune system. Chronic activation of B/plasma cells may contribute to the origin of MGUS, which is frequent in the elderly. However, only 1% of individuals with MGUS annually experience progression to MM. The immune system can specifically recognize MGUS lesions and preclinical MM models provide evidence for both innate and adaptive immune surveillance. Multiomic studies have identified several systemic alterations at the MGUS stage, suggesting accelerated immune aging prior to evolution into clinical malignancy. MM is further associated with spatial alterations in patterns of tumor growth and in-situ regulation of regional immunity. Both tumor and microenvironment-related factors contribute to immune paresis, which facilitates the dissemination of clonal plasma cells and increases the risk of infections in MM patients. Immune profiles in blood or marrow exhibit considerable heterogeneity and have been linked to outcomes following immune therapies including T cell redirection. Understanding how underlying systemic immune changes impact in-vivo function and durability of natural or synthetic tumor/antigen-specific immunity needs further study. Preserving or restoring immune function may be critical for long-term outcomes both in the context of prevention of clinical MM and of treating active disease. Benchmarking of immune biomarkers followed by its prospective integration into current risk models, together with improved understanding of mechanisms underlying tumor immunity in-vivo, are needed to optimize immune approaches and improve outcomes in MM.},
}

@article {pmid40622392,
year = {2025},
author = {Naidoo, N and Bell-Brown, A and Kimura, A and Akinsoto, N and Fang, V and Peck, A and Wood, J and Issaka, RB},
title = {Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Completion by Instruction Type: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing QR-Code linked Video to Pictorial Instructions.},
journal = {The American journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.14309/ajg.0000000000003637},
pmid = {40622392},
issn = {1572-0241},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Low-literacy, pictorial instructions improve fecal immunochemical test (FIT) completion and might enhance colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The aim of this study was to compare FIT completion among English- and Spanish-speaking patients in an organized CRC screening program based on the type of instructions received (quick response (QR)-code linked to a video vs. pictorial instructions).

METHODS: In this randomized controlled quality improvement study, English- and Spanish-speaking patients eligible for mailed outreach through an organized CRC screening program were randomized 1:1 to receive a FIT kit with either a QR-code linked video or pictorial instructions in their preferred language. Patient demographics (gender, age, race, ethnicity, and insurance type) and clinical outcomes (FIT completion and time to completion) were abstracted from electronic health records.

RESULTS: 13,471 English-speaking patients and 508 Spanish-speaking patients were included. Overall, 31.9% of patients who received mailed outreach completed CRC screening by FIT. However, FIT completion was higher among patients who received QR-code instructions vs. pictorial instructions (33.5% vs 30.4%, absolute difference 3.1%, 95% CI 1.5% - 4.6%). These findings were similar among English- and Spanish-speaking patients. The median time to FIT completion was two days longer (24 days, 95% CI 23-25) for patients who received QR-code instructions versus pictorial instructions, however there was no difference in time to FIT completion by language group.

CONCLUSION: Providing QR-code based education offers a promising format for delivering low literacy instructions, which might be a practical strategy to improve FIT completion for CRC screening.},
}

@article {pmid40622009,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, W and Majovski, J and Bhatia, S and Chan, A and Grivas, P and Lee, S and Shah, S and Thompson, JA and Tykodi, SS and Veatch, JR and Schapira, L and Hall, ET},
title = {A mixed-method analysis of oncologist-patient communications about immune checkpoint inhibitors (COACH).},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {30},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40622009},
issn = {1549-490X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Female ; *Oncologists/psychology ; Male ; *Physician-Patient Relations ; Middle Aged ; *Communication ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; Aged ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite significant attention in the media and oncology community about improved outcomes associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), there remains a gap in our understanding of how oncologists describe ICIs to their patients. Communication around ICIs represents a challenge as some patients have durable, remarkable benefits while others experience severe toxicities. We investigated oncologist-patient communication practices by performing a mixed-methods study of in-clinic discussions about ICIs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a mixed-method study in which in-clinic conversations between oncologists and their patients with advanced cancers about ICIs as potential treatments were audio-recorded. Patients were asked to complete a post-discussion survey. Qualitative data was derived from a general inductive thematic approach while descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey responses.

RESULTS: We recorded and analyzed 13 in-clinic conversations involving 8 oncologists and 13 patients. Twelve patients completed the post-discussion surveys. The conversations involved sophisticated discussions of immune function, cancer and ICI mechanisms, and trade-offs between anticancer benefits and toxicities. Oncologists incorporated metaphors and probabilistic information in their explanations. In the post-discussion surveys, patients indicated a preference for detailed information about ICIs and reported that they received the right depth of information in these discussions.

CONCLUSIONS: During in-clinic discussions of ICI therapy, oncologists provided detailed information about immunology and cancer, often aided by metaphors. Probabilities were commonly used to describe the likelihood of toxicities and benefits. The amount of information provided by the oncologists aligned with the patients' preference for detailed information about their cancer treatments.},
}

Humans
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Female
*Oncologists/psychology
Male
*Physician-Patient Relations
Middle Aged
*Communication
*Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology
Aged
Adult
Surveys and Questionnaires

@article {pmid40620045,
year = {2025},
author = {Kauffman, ZJ and Koesser, K and Helzer, KT and Sharifi, MN and Heninger, E and Li, C and Juang, DS and Jarrard, DF and Zhao, SG and Haffner, MC and Beebe, DJ and Lang, JM and Sperger, JM},
title = {Lossless Altered Histone Modification Analysis System (LAHMAS).},
journal = {Lab on a chip},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d5lc00060b},
pmid = {40620045},
issn = {1473-0189},
abstract = {Miniaturized biological assays using microfluidics have the potential to enhance assay sensitivity, reduce reagent consumption, and increase throughput. However, challenges to miniaturization include increased platform complexity and increased surface to volume ratios leading to risk of evaporation and analyte loss through surface binding. Exclusive Liquid Repellency (ELR) enables open microfluidic systems that minimize these challenges through an oil phase that protects small aqueous volumes from temperature fluctuation and evaporation while eliminating surface fouling that leads to sample loss. Here we report a novel microfluidic platform leveraging ELR and Exclusion-based Sample Preparation (ESP) for the miniaturization of CUT&Tag, a complex multistep biological assay. The resultant Lossless Altered Histone Modification Analysis System (LAHMAS) employs a PDMS-silane treated glass surface immersed in silicone oil to facilitate lossless liquid handling and prevent sample evaporation. The device design, compatible with standard laboratory equipment, allows effective processing of cell inputs as low as 100 cells with higher specificity than macroscale CUT&Tag facilitating accurate chromatin profiling of low input and rare cell samples.},
}

@article {pmid40619101,
year = {2025},
author = {Jimenez Jimenez, AM and Spellman, SR and Politikos, I and McCurdy, SR and Devine, SM and Malki, MMA and Bolon, YT and Lee, SJ and Dehn, J and Pidala, J and Maiers, M and Askar, M and Malmberg, C and Auletta, JJ and Stefanski, H and Broglie, L and Qayed, M and Horwitz, M and Wilder, JS and Gooptu, M and Mehta, RS and Fernandez-Viña, M and Shaw, BE and Shaffer, BC},
title = {Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Donor Selection: Contemporary Guidelines from the NMDP/CIBMTR.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2025.07.004},
pmid = {40619101},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains a curative therapy for many patients with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes, inborn errors of immunity and metabolic disorders. Current donor selection strategies typically prioritize the selection of an HLA-matched donor over HLA mismatched ("alternative") donor sources, with a hierarchical approach to the donor search. More recent data challenge this rubric, particularly in the context of novel graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis strategies that demonstrate improved outcomes in alternative donor HCT recipients. In this setting, an increased emphasis on non-HLA factors (both donor characteristics and systemic factors) in determining donor selection is now feasible. In this guideline, we review recent evidence from prospective clinical trials as well as high-quality observational studies and provide expert panel recommendations on donor selection algorithms and prioritization in the era of novel GVHD prophylaxis. We then highlight important questions still to be answered in our field.},
}

@article {pmid40619005,
year = {2025},
author = {Hullar, MAJ and Kahsai, O and Curtis, KR and Navarro, SL and Zhang, Y and Randolph, TW and Levy, L and Shojaie, A and Kratz, M and Neuhouser, ML and Lampe, PD and Raftery, D and Lampe, JW},
title = {Metabolic plasticity of the gut microbiome in response to diets differing in glycemic load in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.026},
pmid = {40619005},
issn = {1938-3207},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns characterized by low-glycemic, minimally processed plant foods are associated with lower risk of several chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of a low glycemic load (LGL) versus a high glycemic load (HGL) dietary pattern on stool bacterial community structure and metabolism.

METHODS: Participants in this crossover-controlled feeding study were healthy men and women (n=69). We identified genera, species, and genes and transcripts of metabolic pathways and bacterial enzymes using 16S rRNA gene, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis.

RESULTS: Overall community structure measured by alpha and beta diversity were not significantly different across the diets although diet did significantly increase the abundance of 13 out of 161 genera (padj<0.05) and 5 species in the LGL and 7 species in the HGL diet. Gene expression in the hexitol fermentation pathway (β=-1.15, SE=0.24 with 95% CI (-1.63, -0.67); padj=0.002) was significantly higher in the HGL diet, whereas expression in the L-lysine biosynthesis pathway (β =0.20, SE=0.05 with 95% CI (0.09, 0.30); padj=0.03); was enriched in the LGL diet. The beta diversity of expressed carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) was significantly different between the diets (MiRKAT, p<0.001). CAZymes enriched in the HGL diet reflected dietary additives while CAZymes enriched in the LGL diet reflected diverse phytochemical intake. There was a significant interaction between HOMA IR and the Coenzyme A biosynthesis I pathway involved in bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis (padj=0.035) that was positive in the HGL diet (β=0.20, SE=0.09 with 95% CI (0.02, 0.39)) and negative in the LGL diet (β =-0.23, SE=0.09 with 95% CI (-0.40, -0.06)).

CONCLUSION: In healthy humans, diet impacts microbial metabolism and enzymatic activity but not the overall diversity of the gut microbiome. This emphasizes the relevance of dietary components in activating expression of specific bacterial genes and their impact on host metabolism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00622661.},
}

@article {pmid40618773,
year = {2025},
author = {White, RG and Churchyard, GJ and Horton, KC and Fiore-Gartland, A and Behr, MA and Clark, RA and Cobelens, F and Ernst, JD and Esmail, H and Garcia-Basteiro, AL and Hadinegoro, SR and Hanekom, WA and Hatherill, M and Hill, PC and Muloiwa, R and Pelzer, PT and Rangaka, L and Rees, H and Schrager, L and Stanley, M and Tufet, M and Wong, EB and Houben, RMGJ},
title = {Evidence required to evaluate the use of bacteriologically confirmed asymptomatic tuberculosis disease as a primary endpoint in prevention of tuberculosis disease vaccine licensure trials.},
journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(25)00164-X},
pmid = {40618773},
issn = {2213-2619},
abstract = {Current licensure trials of new vaccines to prevent tuberculosis disease use bacteriologically confirmed symptomatic tuberculosis disease as the primary endpoint. Globally, the incidence of symptomatic tuberculosis disease is low, making licensure trials large, long, and expensive. New data suggest that bacteriologically confirmed asymptomatic tuberculosis disease might occur more frequently than symptomatic tuberculosis disease. Therefore, if vaccines have efficacy against asymptomatic disease, tuberculosis vaccine licensure trials could include it in the primary endpoint, potentially leading to smaller or shorter trials. We describe the potential benefits and risks of this inclusion in the primary endpoint of tuberculosis vaccine licensure trials. We also simulate licensure trial endpoint accrual and summarise feedback from anonymous regulators and policy makers on the knowledge needed to consider this proposal and research studies needed to fill these evidence gaps. If bacteriologically confirmed asymptomatic tuberculosis disease could be included in the primary endpoint of tuberculosis disease licensure trials, it could lead to cheaper and more rapid tuberculosis vaccine development.},
}

@article {pmid40617679,
year = {2025},
author = {Petersdorf, EW},
title = {Semper Progrediens.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {31},
number = {7},
pages = {399-400},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2025.06.005},
pmid = {40617679},
issn = {2666-6367},
}

@article {pmid40617637,
year = {2025},
author = {Rafati, DM and Wang, Y and Koppayi, AL and Savage, SA and Godley, LA and Williams, KM and Porter, C and Jones, K and Hicks, B and Spellman, SR and He, M and Atshan, R and Bolon, YT and Arrieta-Bolaños, E and Saultz, JN and Benjamin, CL and Lee, SJ and Saber, W and Gadalla, SM},
title = {REMOVED: Conditioning Regimen Considerations for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Recipients with Germline Pathogenic Variants in Base-Excision Repair Pathway Genes.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {31},
number = {2S},
pages = {S338},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2025.01.521},
pmid = {40617637},
issn = {2666-6367},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; *Transplantation Conditioning/methods ; *DNA Repair/genetics ; Transplantation, Homologous/methods ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Male ; Female ; Excision Repair ; },
abstract = {This abstract has been removed: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been removed at the request of the author. This abstract has been removed because it was not presented at the 2025 BMT Tandem Meeting.},
}

Humans
*Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
*Transplantation Conditioning/methods
*DNA Repair/genetics
Transplantation, Homologous/methods
*Germ-Line Mutation
Male
Female
Excision Repair

@article {pmid40617636,
year = {2025},
author = {Rafati, DM and Pirsl, F and Katki, HA and Wu, D and Luo, W and Liu, J and Jones, K and Zhou, W and Spellman, SR and Bolon, YT and Lee, SJ and Deeg, HJ and Gupta, V and Saber, W and Gadalla, SM},
title = {REMOVED: Genetic Landscape in Myelofibrosis Impacts Post-Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Outcomes.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {31},
number = {2S},
pages = {S337},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2025.01.520},
pmid = {40617636},
issn = {2666-6367},
mesh = {Humans ; *Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics/therapy ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {This abstract has been removed: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been removed at the request of the author. This abstract has been removed because it was not presented at the 2025 BMT Tandem Meeting.},
}

Humans
*Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics/therapy
*Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
Treatment Outcome