@article {pmid41308474,
year = {2025},
author = {Parr, J and Chen, YF and Damery, S and Chaudhuri, P and Grove, A},
title = {Sub-national public health intelligence responses to disease outbreaks: A mixed-methods systematic review.},
journal = {Public health},
volume = {250},
number = {},
pages = {106055},
doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2025.106055},
pmid = {41308474},
issn = {1476-5616},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 provided an impetus to improve infectious disease emergency preparedness. Provision of public health intelligence (PHI) during outbreaks by sub-national public health authorities (PHAs) supports decision making during these events. We synthesised studies describing such responses to elucidate transferable influencing factors.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a mixed methods systematic review.

METHODS: Literature searches of eight databases (PubMed, Embase, Applied Social Sciences Indexes and Abstracts [ASSIA], Scopus, Health Management Information Consortium [HMIC], WHO Global Health Library, Health Systems Evidence, and PDQ Evidence) were undertaken in March 2022. We selected peer-reviewed, primary research in English, published in or after January 2019 relating to sub-national PHA PHI activities during a disease outbreak. Studies were quality assessed using appropriate tools and analysed by thematic analysis and pillar integration.

RESULTS: Forty studies from 24 countries, 31 COVID-19 related, were included. Six themes summarise factors influencing responses: 1) appropriate data infrastructure, 2) effective intelligence products, 3) multisector collaboration, 4) obtaining public support, 5) strong and supportive management and leadership and 6) the capacity and capability to respond. Synthesis of empirical studies increases the review's reliability, but evidence mainly relates to countries with very high levels of human development limiting its transferability to countries with lower levels.

CONCLUSIONS: Public health systems should ensure adequate data infrastructure and PHI staff capability and capacity, plan for strong but supportive leadership and effective intelligence production, encourage multisector intelligence collaborations and ongoing communication with the public at a sub-national level. PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Ref. CRD42022308042.},
}

@article {pmid41308472,
year = {2025},
author = {Sharma, S and Sharma, L and Gandhi, TK},
title = {Integration of quantum artificial intelligence in disease diagnosis: A review of methods and applications.},
journal = {Computer methods and programs in biomedicine},
volume = {274},
number = {},
pages = {109175},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2025.109175},
pmid = {41308472},
issn = {1872-7565},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Accurate disease diagnosis is vital for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. While artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced medical diagnostics, conventional AI approaches often face limitations in real-time data processing, scalability, and managing high-dimensional biomedical data. Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) integrates quantum computing with AI to address these challenges. This study explores QAI models in disease diagnosis, highlighting their advantages over classical AI, their applications across diseases, and integration possibilities within diagnostic workflows.

METHODS: A structured literature review was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar databases. A total of 37 peer-reviewed articles were selected based on relevance, methodological quality, and focus on QAI applications in diagnostics. The review analyzed key quantum machine learning (QML) models, including hybrid and quantum inspired techniques.

RESULTS: The findings indicate that QAI demonstrates promising applications in diagnosing cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19, and other conditions. Quantum algorithms enable faster and more accurate pattern recognition in complex medical datasets. Additionally, QAI can be integrated into various stages of the diagnostic pipeline, from feature engineering to optimization to provide clinical decision support. However, technical challenges such as quantum noise, hardware instability, and limited algorithm maturity were frequently noted.

CONCLUSIONS: QAI has the potential to revolutionize disease diagnosis by overcoming many limitations of classical AI systems. While significant progress has been made, real-world clinical integration requires further advancements in algorithm development and hardware scalability. Future research should focus on closing the gap between theoretical models and clinical implementation to fully realize the benefits of QAI in healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid41307946,
year = {2025},
author = {Wong, AKC and Zhou, SY and Tao, X and Tsui, NY and Kwok, VWY and Wang, RM and Bayuo, J},
title = {The Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Telecare Consultations Among Patients Who Have Experienced a Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e74149},
doi = {10.2196/74149},
pmid = {41307946},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {Humans ; *Stroke/nursing/therapy ; *Telemedicine ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nurse-led telecare consultations have emerged as a promising approach for the long-term management of stroke survivors, particularly in the context of COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions. While several studies have explored its use, the effectiveness of nurse-led telecare consultations in post-acute stroke care remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led telecare consultation for poststroke management among stroke survivors who were discharged from the hospital and lived in the community.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across 6 databases-CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL-for randomized controlled trials published from inception to February 2025. Included studies examined nurse-led telecare consultations compared to usual care among stroke survivors living in the community. Studies involving individuals who were hospitalized or institutionalized were excluded, along with reviews, abstracts without full texts, non-English or non-Chinese articles, and studies not meeting the criteria for randomized controlled trials. Primary and secondary outcomes included blood pressure (BP), psychological burden, quality of life, medication adherence, health care service use, stroke recurrence, survivor functioning, and coping. Continuous outcomes were analyzed using mean differences (MDs) or standardized MDs with 95% CIs under a random-effects model and dichotomous outcomes using odds ratios with 95% CIs via the Mantel-Haenszel method. Heterogeneity was assessed using the chi-square test and I[2] statistics.

RESULTS: In total, 9 studies involving 2524 participants were included. Ischemic stroke was the most common type (n=1568, 62.13%) of stroke. Meta-analysis showed that nurse-led telecare significantly increased the likelihood of achieving target BP (odds ratio 2.33, 95% CI: 1.83-2.98; P<.001). For continuous outcomes, pooled analyses showed nonsignificant but directionally favorable reductions in systolic BP (MD -4.83, 95% CI -12.51 to 2.85; I[2] =92%), diastolic BP (MD -6.41, 95% CI -13.76 to 0.93; I[2]=97%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.09; I[2]=97%). Heterogeneity was substantial for several key outcomes (I[2]>90% for systolic BP and diastolic BP). Some outcomes, such as medication adherence and stroke recurrence, were reported by only 1 (11.11%) study. Additional benefits were observed in coping ability and reduced hospital readmissions, but findings for psychological well-being and quality of life were mixed.

CONCLUSIONS: Nurse-led telecare consultations may support better BP management and coping and reduce hospital readmissions among community-dwelling stroke survivors. However, the pooled effects for continuous outcomes were inconclusive, and heterogeneity remained high. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and further high-quality trials with standardized outcome measures and longer-term follow-up are warranted to confirm effectiveness.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023492692; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42023492692.},
}

Humans
*Stroke/nursing/therapy
*Telemedicine
COVID-19/epidemiology
Quality of Life
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41307506,
year = {2025},
author = {Fishman, A and Grinin, P and Riljak, V},
title = {The (un-)Social Brain in Isolation.},
journal = {Physiological research},
volume = {74},
number = {5},
pages = {711-727},
pmid = {41307506},
issn = {1802-9973},
mesh = {Humans ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; *Brain/physiology/physiopathology ; Animals ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Social Behavior ; *Stress, Psychological/psychology ; },
abstract = {The Social Brain is a distributed network of neuroanatomical regions and neurochemical systems that underpins the human capacity for social cognition, empathy, and interpersonal behavior. Social isolation (SI), defined as the objective reduction in social interaction, poses a significant threat to the integrity of this system. In this review, we synthesize evidence from human and animal studies to elucidate the biological, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of SI on the social brain. We describe how SI acts as a chronic stressor, disrupting structural connectivity, and altering neurotransmitter systems critical for social cognition. These disruptions manifest in altered social behavior, mentalization processes, and emotional reactivity, significantly contributing to increased vulnerability to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. Converging findings from studies of evolutionarily conserved mechanisms in rodent and primate models demonstrate that SI compromises neurodevelopment, attenuates neuroplasticity, and triggers maladaptive stress responses, highlighting that social deprivation has profound neurobiological and behavioral consequences that greatly overlap with the pathophysiological changes seen in neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we explore the role of indirect stressors resulting from SI such as touch deprivation and digital-era social disconnection as contemporary amplifiers of SI's neurobiological impact. In light of public health challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose that SI should be recognized not only as a psychosocial condition but as a modifiable risk factor with transdiagnostic significance across psychiatry, neurology, and preventive medicine. Addressing SI through targeted interventions and policy measures is essential for promoting mental resilience and well-being. Key words Chronic Stress " Loneliness " Social Cognition " Socialization " Social Stress.},
}

Humans
*Social Isolation/psychology
*Brain/physiology/physiopathology
Animals
*COVID-19/psychology
*Social Behavior
*Stress, Psychological/psychology

@article {pmid41306864,
year = {2025},
author = {Panico, F and De Biase, R and Catalano, L and Zappullo, I and D'Olimpio, F and Trojano, L and Sagliano, L},
title = {A systematic review on the psychological factors behind vaccine hesitancy in the COVID-19 era.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1711428},
pmid = {41306864},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/psychology ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccination/psychology ; Personality ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy may represent a global threat because of its inherent consequences for health, social and economic systems. Understanding the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy is fundamental to developing effective healthcare policies. While previous studies have mainly focused on sociological and cultural variables and transient illness-specific fears and beliefs, the present systematic review focuses on the psychological factors (such as emotional dispositions, cognitive functioning and expectations, and stable personality traits) associated with vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 era.

METHODS: A systematic review using a systematic search of PubMed, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases was performed with a time frame ranging between 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2025 focusing on psychological factors and vaccine hesitancy. Studies targeting the general population and employing validated instruments to assess emotional, cognitive and personality factors and vaccine hesitancy were selected, while investigations on context-specific, psycho-social, cultural and political factors were excluded. Quality and risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and main studies' characteristics, variables and outcomes were synthesised using a narrative approach and table.

RESULTS: Fourteen studies were finally included in the qualitative synthesis. The results showed that some variables such as depressive and anxiety levels, as well as emotion regulation strategies may affect vaccination behaviour, although some cultural and generational differences were also observed. Differences in cognitive flexibility, decision-making, and personal expectations may influence vaccine hesitancy. Notably, some personality factors, like extraversion, openness, conscientiousness and dark personality traits, may influence hesitancy to vaccinate.

CONCLUSION: This review highlights emotional, cognitive, and personality factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, providing evidence for personalised, evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting adherence to national vaccination policies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/psychology
*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
SARS-CoV-2
*Vaccination/psychology
Personality

@article {pmid41306452,
year = {2025},
author = {Ross, KE and McMillan, KM and Bowell, V and Clements, DN and Mazeri, S},
title = {The canine welfare, public health and environmental impact of systemic under-regulation within the UK puppy trade: A scoping review.},
journal = {Animal welfare (South Mimms, England)},
volume = {34},
number = {},
pages = {e72},
pmid = {41306452},
issn = {2054-1538},
abstract = {Almost a decade has passed since a DEFRA consultation concluded that existing legislation governing the UK puppy trade was "outdated, inflexible, incompatible with current welfare legislation and cumbersome for both enforcers and businesses". The rapid outgrowth of the trade's governing legislature, fuelled by contemporary consumer culture and the high degree of trader anonymity provided by the internet, has enabled a high-volume, untraceable and profit-driven market to evolve. Increased demand for puppies, exacerbated by social media trends and the COVID-19 pandemic, is sustained by an online medium that both encourages and capitalises upon modern-day 'click-and-collect' purchase behaviour. Moreover, the internet has only intensified the demand for pedigree and designer crossbreeds, many of which are shown to suffer lifelong physiological disorders caused by the positive phenotyping selection necessary to achieve breed standards. These factors have made puppies an attractively lucrative, low-risk commodity. Evidence of multi-level fraud and organised crime involvement has been revealed along the supply chain, resulting in systemic canine health and welfare issues. Whilst large-scale breeding operations reportedly smuggle unvaccinated puppies onto the British market from endemic (rabies, Leishmania) countries, high densities of pet dogs in urban areas is reportedly leaving high faecal-saturation levels, spreading anthelmic- and antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Meanwhile, unsafe concentrations of ectoparasiticides are detected in rivers and lakes. This review collates evidence from available sources that illustrate the current nature and impact of inadequate regulation in the UK puppy trade, aiming to support stakeholders in their efforts for essential and comprehensive regulatory reform.},
}

@article {pmid41305838,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, J and Xu, S and Guo, S},
title = {Exploring SARS-CoV-2 impact on blood-brain barrier and its composition: A review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {47},
pages = {e46093},
pmid = {41305838},
issn = {1536-5964},
support = {(2022) No. 12//Overseas Talent Merit-based Funding Project of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Guizhou Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Blood-Brain Barrier/virology/pathology/physiopathology/metabolism ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Endothelial Cells/virology ; Astrocytes/virology ; Microglia ; },
abstract = {Inflammatory responses including glial activation, and upregulated inflammatory factors occurred after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected central nervous system. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and may predispose to the long-lasting neurological damage even after the epidemic ends. The BBB is a highly selective dynamic interface to protects the brain from neurotoxins and the elimination of byproducts of brain metabolism via efflux transporters. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new challenges in managing neurological conditions, and understanding SARS-CoV-2 journey through BBB and the interconnections between the members of BBB is crucial. This review aims to summarize and elucidate the damage to the main constituent cells of BBB, including brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia and its contribution to COVID-19. Further understanding of these interactions may facilitate the development of improved treatment options and preventative measures of central nervous system injury due to COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*Blood-Brain Barrier/virology/pathology/physiopathology/metabolism
*COVID-19/physiopathology/complications
*SARS-CoV-2
Endothelial Cells/virology
Astrocytes/virology
Microglia

@article {pmid41305564,
year = {2025},
author = {Gamito, M and Pereira, DR and Delgado, M and Vicente, F and Silva, ML and Pereira, P},
title = {How Do Nutritionists/Dietitians Use Social Media to Communicate with Their Public? Global Perspectives on Social Media Practices: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {17},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {41305564},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {*Social Media/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Nutritionists ; *Communication ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Literacy ; },
abstract = {Background: Social media has emerged as a powerful communication tool for healthcare professionals, including nutritionists and dietitians, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence suggests that their online presence can enhance nutritional literacy and play a crucial role in countering misinformation. Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate how and why Registered Nutritionists and Dietitians (RNDs) use social media in their professional practice, focusing on benefits, challenges, and impact. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted between 1 January 2019 and 28 February 2024, in PubMed, Scopus, Scholar, and SciELO databases using terms such as 'nutritionist', 'dietitian', and 'social media'. Quality was assessed using the MMAT tool. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The included studies were analysed with respect to their content, professional practices, and patterns of social media use. Results: Of the 359 articles identified through the systematic search, 10 cross-sectional studies conducted using questionnaires were included in this review. Sample sizes ranged from 10 to 2542 participants across nine countries. Instagram and Twitter were the most frequently used platforms among RDNs, primarily for sharing evidence-based nutritional information, counselling content, and professional promotion. Reported usage ranged from 37.5% to 100%, with a marked increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among younger professionals. Key enablers included enhanced communication, professional visibility, and cost-effective outreach, while main challenges involved limited digital literacy and difficulties replicating face-to-face counselling online. Although ethical concerns were reported, many RNDs maintained compliance with professional standards, particularly in regions with strict marketing regulations. Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence that social media is a valuable tool for RNDs, particularly in the context of food and/or nutritional education. RNDs would benefit from training in content creation, knowledge dissemination and ethical digital communication. However, clearer guidelines from professional organisations are also recommended.},
}

*Social Media/statistics & numerical data
Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Nutritionists
*Communication
SARS-CoV-2
Health Literacy

@article {pmid41109407,
year = {2025},
author = {Gentilotti, E and Górska, A and Tacconelli, E},
title = {Research on post-COVID syndrome: current gaps and future perspectives.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {161},
number = {},
pages = {108129},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108129},
pmid = {41109407},
issn = {1878-3511},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {While it is generally assumed that the outcome of an infectious disease is either recovery or death, post-acute infection syndromes have long been documented, representing a substantial healthcare burden with biological drivers remaining poorly understood. Among post-acute infection sequelae, post-COVID syndrome has proved to be an elusive condition with a complex and dynamic presentation. Over the past 3 years, multiple cohorts have been created to understand, prevent, and treat post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Drawing upon the substantial experience gathered during the pandemic, this viewpoint undertakes a rigorous examination of the methodological challenges inherent in current PCC observational research. By analyzing "real-life" hurdles, we aim to provide clear guidance for future investigations into post-acute infection syndromes and enhance global preparedness for emerging health threats.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid41029573,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, X and He, Y and Guo, T and Fang, J and Chen, S and Zhang, Q and Lin, Y and Xu, N and Pan, X and Li, H},
title = {The efficacy analysis of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery in stage III locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1443},
pmid = {41029573},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {2021CXA001//Research on intelligent recommendation decision model of geriatrics based on big data/ ; 00902409//Research on the development and prevention and control strategies of key viral infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 era/ ; 82002457//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2019-ZQNB-1//the Young and Middle-aged Backbone Research Fund of Fujian Provincial Health Care Commission/ ; 2023J01117//the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province/ ; 2020Y9023//Fujian Provincial Medical Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology/therapy/drug therapy/mortality/surgery ; *Lung Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/drug therapy/mortality ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Neoplasm Staging ; Treatment Outcome ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Pneumonectomy ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the potential for surgical cure after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the era of immunotherapy. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of published data to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for stage III NSCLC.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from January, 2000 to September, 2024 to identify studies concentrated on neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery for treating stage III NSCLC. The effectiveness and safety data were collected for meta-analysis. Study endpoints included resection rate, major pathological response (MPR), pathological complete response (pCR), objective response rate (ORR), treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), severe adverse events (SAEs). Data analysis was conducted using R 4.1.3 software, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: A total of 1043 patients from 22 studies were included in this meta-analysis, of whom 892 cases underwent surgery. The pooled MPR rate, pCR rate, and ORR rate were 65%, 38%, and 73%, respectively. The pooled incidence of TRAEs was 84% and the pooled incidence of SAEs was 13%. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that nivolumab- and pembrolizumab-based neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy showed a higher MPR rate (nivolumab 69%, pembrolizumab 68%) and pCR rate (nivolumab 51%, pembrolizumab 38%) than other immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy demonstrates clinical benefits for patients with stage III NSCLC.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology/therapy/drug therapy/mortality/surgery
*Lung Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/drug therapy/mortality
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Neoplasm Staging
Treatment Outcome
Immunotherapy/methods
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Pneumonectomy
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40919620,
year = {2025},
author = {Ruqa, WA and Romeo, M and Cipolloni, G and Rosati, D and Laureti, C and Venarubea, S and Liberati, F and Santirocchi, A and Petrella, C and Cogoni, C and Cestari, V and Barbato, C and Minni, A},
title = {Nasal Cytology and Clinical Rhinology Support a Translational Integrative Neuroscience Perspective.},
journal = {Journal of integrative neuroscience},
volume = {24},
number = {8},
pages = {33392},
doi = {10.31083/JIN33392},
pmid = {40919620},
issn = {0219-6352},
support = {//Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR)/ ; CUP B53D23018450006//European Union-NextGenerationEU-Project Title-Mapping NEUROCOVID via neurobiology and neurovolatilome in Post-COVID-19 patients/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Translational Research, Biomedical ; *Nasal Mucosa/pathology/cytology ; *Neurosciences ; },
abstract = {Nasal cytology is evolving into a promising tool for diagnosing neurological and psychiatric disorders, especially those such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Moreover, recent research has indicated that biomarkers differ greatly between samples taken before and after death. Nasal cytology might help to identify the early stages of cognitive decline. The association of olfactory disturbances with a host of these neurological disorders is remarkable. This means that the nose, something we probably take for granted, could well be the best means of establishing important biomarkers for earlier diagnoses in these conditions. The nose is a source of epithelial and neuroepithelial cells that can be used in in vitro cultured models and nasal cytology provides new avenues for translational, integrative neuroscientific research. The future incorporation of artificial intelligence into cytological analyses would facilitate the acceptance of nasal cytology as a screening platform for neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions, facilitating early diagnosis and better management for patients.},
}

Humans
*Translational Research, Biomedical
*Nasal Mucosa/pathology/cytology
*Neurosciences

@article {pmid40858865,
year = {2025},
author = {Umar, K and Sutradhar, T and Prakash, P and Bavanilatha, M and Hemamalani, AU and Prakashini, RS and Thangam, T and Parthasarathy, K},
title = {Dengue virus: structure, genome, evolution and challenges to control and prevent transmission.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {118},
number = {9},
pages = {139},
pmid = {40858865},
issn = {1572-9699},
support = {No. 6/9-7 (328)/2023/ECD-II, VIR/COVID-19/33/2021/ECD-I).//Indian Council of Medical Research/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Aedes/virology ; *Dengue/diagnosis/transmission/virology ; *Dengue Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; *Genome, Viral ; Immunity, Innate ; Mosquito Vectors/virology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health threat, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It manifests in mild to severe forms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, causing significant morbidity and mortality. With four serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4), the virus exhibits rapid genetic evolution, complicating vaccine development and disease control. This review explores the structural and genomic characteristics of DENV, emphasizing its evolutionary pressures, immune evasion mechanisms, and emerging strains. The virus's adaptation to environmental and host factors has led to increased outbreaks, notably in tropical regions. Global warming and urbanization have exacerbated the spread, challenging current vector control strategies. Laboratory diagnosis remains complex, relying on molecular and serological techniques with varying sensitivity. The lack of effective antiviral drugs and universally protective vaccines highlights critical gaps in disease management. Ongoing genomic surveillance and integrated control strategies are crucial for mitigating the impact of new DENV variants. This review highlights the importance of investigating the effect of emerging dengue strains on society, as well as how environmental factors exacerbate their severity.},
}

Animals
Humans
Aedes/virology
*Dengue/diagnosis/transmission/virology
*Dengue Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology
*Genome, Viral
Immunity, Innate
Mosquito Vectors/virology
*Evolution, Molecular

@article {pmid40779079,
year = {2025},
author = {Hemamalani, AU and Thangam, T and Prakashini, RS and Kumar, PA and Parthasarathy, K},
title = {Viral ecology in chiroptera: human-wildlife interactions and pandemic risk.},
journal = {Veterinary research communications},
volume = {49},
number = {5},
pages = {275},
pmid = {40779079},
issn = {1573-7446},
support = {6/9-7(328)/2023/ECD-II, VIR/COVID-19/33/2021/ECD-I//Indian Council of Medical Research/ ; },
mesh = {*Chiroptera/virology ; Animals ; Humans ; *Pandemics/veterinary ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Zoonoses/virology/transmission ; *Virome ; *Virus Diseases/veterinary/transmission/epidemiology/virology ; Disease Reservoirs/virology/veterinary ; },
abstract = {Bats (Order Chiroptera) are ecologically essential and evolutionarily unique mammals, acting as a natural reservoir for innumerable viruses, including several with a high degree of zoonotic significance. The complex and intricate ecology of bat viromes results largely from species diversity, roosting patterns, social structures, immunological adaptations, and their remarkable longevity, especially compared to other small mammals such as rodents. These traits allow bats to carry pathogenic viruses without visible clinical symptoms over extended periods. This review delves into the virome of bat populations focusing on major families like Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae and the evolutionary processes leading to their diversity, persistence within populations, and spill-over. The human-induced environmental disturbance in the form of deforestation, cultivation, urbanization, and wildlife trade has increased direct or indirect contact among bats, humans, and domestic animals, increasing the chances of spill-over. The study of historical events in the form of SARS, MERS, Nipah, Ebola is used for practical implications. We also discuss the behavioral and seasonal variations among intra-colony transmission, the role of intermediate hosts, and the critical need of having an effective One Health-based surveillance system. The understanding of ecological and evolutionary drives behind bat virome is necessary for anticipating zoonotic spill-over events, which can be used as a foundation for public health strategies. Finally, the necessity of integrating virology, ecology, and global health policy perspective in human health policy-making is also discussed, in the context of bat virome research, to prevent future pandemics.},
}

*Chiroptera/virology
Animals
Humans
*Pandemics/veterinary
Animals, Wild/virology
Zoonoses/virology/transmission
*Virome
*Virus Diseases/veterinary/transmission/epidemiology/virology
Disease Reservoirs/virology/veterinary

@article {pmid40679324,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohanty, B and Mohan, M and Nanjappa, DP and Shenoy, RD and Hosmane, GB and Chakraborty, G and Chakraborty, A},
title = {Biomedical Models: Use of Zebrafish as a Multi-Utility In Vivo Tool Box.},
journal = {WIREs mechanisms of disease},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {e70002},
doi = {10.1002/wsbm.70002},
pmid = {40679324},
issn = {2692-9368},
support = {VIR/COVID-19/23/2021/ECD-I//ICMR, Government of India/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Zebrafish/genetics ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; *Biomedical Research/methods ; Genomics/methods ; Proteomics/methods ; Metabolomics ; },
abstract = {Molecular research has gradually revealed the biological significance of genetically encoded information and how this information is transmitted and utilized in a cell. The scientific advances of the last few decades have brought about paradigm shifts in the strategies traditionally used to decipher biological information. From unidirectional approaches, we now have multidirectional model-system-based integrated OMICs that aim to describe the pathophysiology of diseases through a combination of genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. Compared to other vertebrate models, zebrafish have a wealth of advantages that make them a powerful tool with a wide range of applications in biomedical research. The high degree of genetic conservation with humans, coupled with the availability of various gene manipulation techniques, has made zebrafish an immensely popular multi-utility genetic toolbox. This review describes the advances in the field of zebrafish-based biomedical research with a focus on its applications in disease modeling, functional omics, toxicology, and pharmacology. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.},
}

Animals
*Zebrafish/genetics
*Disease Models, Animal
Humans
*Biomedical Research/methods
Genomics/methods
Proteomics/methods
Metabolomics

@article {pmid39757610,
year = {2025},
author = {Mojgani, N and Dadar, M and Shahali, Y and Simal-Gandara, J and Kumar, P and Ashique, S and Bhowmick, M and Kumar, H},
title = {Antioxidant Nutraceuticals: Their Adjunct Role in the Management of COVID-19 Infections and Post-COVID Syndrome.},
journal = {Infectious disorders drug targets},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {e18715265320091},
pmid = {39757610},
issn = {2212-3989},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; *COVID-19/diet therapy ; *Antioxidants/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 epidemic in recent years has been produced by various coronavirus strains that nearly destroyed world health policies and economics. Emerging viral strains exacerbated the pandemic. Huge investments have been made in preventative vaccines to combat the disease, but the genetic instability of these viruses has hampered their usefulness. However, in addition to traditional therapeutic approaches, nutraceuticals have been considered efficacious in preventing and or treating COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome. In this context, nutraceuticals such as vitamins or dietary supplements including multiple vitamins and minerals and propolis have been widely studied for their significant impact on viral respiratory diseases like SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Some of these nutraceuticals having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and immune-modulatory properties have been highly recommended for use as an adjunct option to moderate the adverse effects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we intend to present the recent understanding and converse scientific implications for the use of nutraceutical antioxidants such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and polyphenols like bee propolis, in the management of viral respiratory diseases and post-COVID-19 syndrome. Future challenges and limitations regarding the use and bioavailability of these ingredients, and dose-response studies are further emphasized.},
}

Humans
*Dietary Supplements
*COVID-19/diet therapy
*Antioxidants/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Vitamins/therapeutic use
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid39710929,
year = {2025},
author = {Danao, KR and Rokde, VV and Mahajan, UN},
title = {The Severity of COVID-19 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient.},
journal = {Infectious disorders drug targets},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {e18715265326851},
pmid = {39710929},
issn = {2212-3989},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology/drug therapy/complications ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; Severity of Illness Index ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Autoantibodies/immunology/blood ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
abstract = {As of early October 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, resulted in approximately 35 million cases and one million fatalities worldwide. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease marked by the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies and a lack of tolerance to nuclear self-antigens. Hypocomplementemia, or an abnormal blood complement deficit, is a reliable predictor of infection in SLE patients. Moreover, it has been found that immunoglobulin (Ig), particularly IgG and IgM, is lowered in SLE patients, which may be a factor in their heightened susceptibility to infection. Bloodstream autoantibodies, lymphopenia, aberrant T-cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and impaired regulatory systems all lead to an immune response that is aberrant in lupus patients. SLE patients exhibit impaired CD8 T-cell responses, including abnormal phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Recent study has shown that COVID-19 infections significantly boost type I interferon responses. Patients with SLE and Covid-19 infection typically get immune-suppressing drugs viz corticosteroids, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK), and tocilizumab, which improve their immune systems and diminution susceptible to COVID-19 infections.},
}

Humans
*Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology/drug therapy/complications
*COVID-19/immunology/complications
Severity of Illness Index
SARS-CoV-2
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
Autoantibodies/immunology/blood
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid39535468,
year = {2024},
author = {Nuytemans, K and Franzen, S and Broce, IJ and Caramelli, P and Ellajosyula, R and Finger, E and Gupta, V and Gupta, V and Illán-Gala, I and Loi, SM and Morhardt, D and Pijnenburg, Y and Rascovsky, K and Williams, MM and Yokoyama, JS and Acosta-Uribe, J and Akinyemi, R and Alladi, S and Ayele, BA and Ayhan, Y and Bourdage, R and Castro-Suarez, S and de Souza, LC and Dacks, P and de Boer, SCM and de Leon, J and Dodge, S and Grasso, S and Ghoshal, N and Kamath, V and Kumfor, F and Matias-Guiu, JA and Narme, P and Nielsen, TR and Okhuevbie, D and Piña-Escudero, S and Ruiz-Garcia, R and Ryan, B and Scarioni, M and Slachevsky, A and Suarez-Gonzalez, A and Tee, BL and Tsoy, E and Ulugut, H and Onyike, CU and Babulal, GM and , },
title = {Gaps in biomedical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities focused research.},
journal = {Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {9014-9036},
pmid = {39535468},
issn = {1552-5279},
support = {U54NS092089 to N.G./GF/NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AG063911/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AG062422/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; #LSHM20106 to S.F.//Health Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health/ ; R01 AG057234/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; U01 AG045390/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG074302 to G.B.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; AACSF-22-849085 to H.U./ALZ/Alzheimer's Association/United States ; R01AG21051 to A.S.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG067428 to G.B.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG075775 to J.A-U.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01 AG075775/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; ID15150012 to A.S.//FONDAP/ ; U19 AG074865/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG068183/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; A2021142S to G.B.//BrightFocus Foundation/ ; K01 AG070376/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG075775 to A.S.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01 AG080469/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; //Association for Frontotemporal Dementia (AFTD)/ ; //Robert and Nancy Hall Brain Research Fund/ ; R01 AG062588/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; 1231839 to A.S.//ANID/ Fondecyt Regular/ ; PI21/00791 to I.I.-G.//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; U01AG045390 to N.G./GF/NIH HHS/United States ; U54NS123985 to J.S.Y.//NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)/ ; JR20/0018 to I.I.-G.//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; R01AG056466 to G.B.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; ES/W006405/1 to A.S.-G.//UK Research and Innotation Healthy Ageing Challenge Catalyst Award/ ; K23 DC018021/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; //Velux foundation/ ; AACSF-21-850193 to I.I.-G./ALZ/Alzheimer's Association/United States ; U54 NS123985/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; W81XWH2110437 to K.N.//Department of Defense/ ; R01AG080469 to B.L.T.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01 AG083840/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; //Health Resources and Service Administration to D.M./ ; #73305095007 to S.F./ZONMW_/ZonMw/Netherlands ; //Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID)/ ; R01AG057234 to J.A-U.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG083840 to B.L.T.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01AG062588 to J.S.Y.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; GNT1158762 to F.K.//National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship/ ; COV-LT2-0014 to A.S.-G.//National Institute for Health Research/ ; R01AG21051 to J.A-U.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; //Rainwater Charitable Foundation's Tau Consortium/ ; PPP-allowance to S.F.//Health Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health/ ; R01 AG080396/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG068183 to G.B.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; R01 AG074302/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; //NIH/Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementies (CARD)/ ; //Rainwater Charitable Foundation/ ; //Bluefield Project to Cure Frontotemporal Dementia/ ; R01AG057234 to A.S.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; //IDEX Fellowship/ ; U19AG063911 to N.G./GF/NIH HHS/United States ; U54 NS092089/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG067428/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; SG-20-725707 to A.S./ALZ/Alzheimer's Association/United States ; //Mary Oakley Foundation/ ; R01 AG056466/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG057234 to J.S.Y.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; P30AG062422 to J.S.Y.//National Institutes of Health's/National Institute on Aging/ ; //Global Brain Health Institute/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Biomedical Research ; Cultural Diversity ; *Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis/genetics/therapy ; Healthcare Disparities ; },
abstract = {Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the leading causes of young-onset dementia before age 65, typically manifesting as abnormal behavior (in behavioral variant FTD) or language impairment (in primary progressive aphasia). Although FTD affects all populations across the globe, knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and genetics derives primarily from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Globally, biomedical research for FTD is hindered by variable access to diagnosis, discussed in this group's earlier article, and by reduced access to expertise, funding, and infrastructure. This perspective paper was produced by two professional interest areas of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) and discusses the field's current status on the cross-cultural aspects of basic and translational research in FTD (including that focused on epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, and treatment). It subsequently provides a summary of gaps and needs to address the disparities and advance global FTD biomedical research.},
}

Humans
*Biomedical Research
Cultural Diversity
*Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis/genetics/therapy
Healthcare Disparities

@article {pmid39535361,
year = {2025},
author = {Volkmer, A and Alves, EV and Bar-Zeev, H and Barbieri, E and Battista, P and Beales, A and Beber, BC and Brotherhood, E and Cadorio, IR and Carthery-Goulart, MT and Cartwright, J and Crutch, S and Croot, K and Freitas, MIDÁ and Gallée, J and Grasso, SM and Haley, K and Hendriksen, H and Henderson, S and Jiskoot, L and Almeida, IJ and Kindell, J and Kingma, R and Kwan-Chen, LL and Lavoie, M and Lifshitz-Ben-Basat, A and Jokel, R and Mahut-Dubos, A and Matias-Guiu, JA and Masson-Trottier, M and Meinzer, M and McGowan, E and Mendez-Orellana, C and Meyer, AM and Millanski, C and Montagut, N and Mooney, A and Morhardt, DJ and Nickels, L and Norvik, M and Nowenstein, IE and Paplikar, A and Pozzebon, M and Renard, A and Ruggero, L and Rogalski, E and Rysop, AU and Sand Aronsson, F and Suárez-González, A and Savage, S and Thi, MT and Tsapkini, K and Taylor-Rubin, C and Tippett, DC and Unger, N and van Ewijk, L and Wielaert, S and Winsnes, IE and Whitworth, A and Yasa, IC and Copland, D and Henry, ML and Warren, JD and Varley, R and Wallace, SJ and Hardy, CJD},
title = {An international core outcome set for primary progressive aphasia (COS-PPA): Consensus-based recommendations for communication interventions across research and clinical settings.},
journal = {Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {e14362},
pmid = {39535361},
issn = {1552-5279},
support = {NIHR203680//National Institute for Health and Care Research/ ; R01 DC011317/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; OPP1144/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; R01 AG077444/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; //National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre/ ; R01AG055425/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; //Estelle and Carl Epstein Family Philanthropic Funds/ ; NIHR203680//NIHR/ ; R01 AG068881/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; NIHR302240//Research Trainees Coordinating Centre/ ; P30 AG066614/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; //UK Research and Innovation/ ; R01AG056258/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG068881//NIH/NIA/ ; R56 AG055425/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AG013854/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG056258/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG075404//NIH/NIA/ ; R01AG080470//NIH/NIA/ ; G105_WARREN//Alzheimer's Society, Alzheimer's Research UK, the Royal National Institute for Deaf People/ ; R01 AG080470/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; 1175821//National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/ ; Grand Challenges//University College London/ ; 223265//Research Council of Norway, Centres of Excellence funding scheme/ ; R01AG075111//NIH/NIA/ ; R01DC016291//NIH/NIDCD/ ; R01 AG075111/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC020446/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; //National Brain Appeal (Frontotemporal Dementia Research Studentship in Memory of David Blechner/ ; 627//Fellowship award from Alzheimer's Society, UK/ ; R01 DC016291/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG075404/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AG072977/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG055425/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; COV-LT2-0014//National Institute for Health and Care Research/ ; //NIDCD/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Aphasia, Primary Progressive/therapy ; Consensus ; *Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; *Communication ; Delphi Technique ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Interventions to treat speech-language difficulties in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) often use word accuracy as a highly comparable outcome. However, there are more constructs of importance to people with PPA that have received less attention.

METHODS: Following Core Outcome Set Standards for Development Recommendations (COSSTAD), this study comprised: Stage 1 - systematic review to identify measures; Stage 2 - consensus groups to identify important outcome constructs for people with PPA (n = 82) and care partners (n = 91); Stage 3 - e-Delphi consensus with 57 researchers.

RESULTS: The systematic review identified 84 Outcome Measurement Instruments. Core outcome constructs identified included: (1) Participate in conversations with family and friends, (2) get words out, (3) be more fluent, (4) convey a message by any means, and (5) understand what others are saying. Researchers were unable to reach a consensus on measurement instruments.

DISCUSSION: Further work is required to develop appropriate measurement instruments that address all core outcome constructs important to key stakeholders.

HIGHLIGHTS: We introduce new symptom-led perspectives on primary progressive aphasia (PPA). The focus is on non-fluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA) and semantic (svPPA) variants. Foregrounding of early and non-verbal features of PPA and clinical trajectories is featured. We introduce a symptom-led staging scheme for PPA. We propose a prototype for a functional impairment scale, the PPA Progression Planning Aid.},
}

Humans
*Aphasia, Primary Progressive/therapy
Consensus
*Outcome Assessment, Health Care
*Communication
Delphi Technique

@article {pmid39331333,
year = {2024},
author = {Stopa, V and Lileikyte, G and Bakochi, A and Agarwal, P and Beske, R and Stammet, P and Hassager, C and Årman, F and Nielsen, N and Devaux, Y},
title = {Multiomic biomarkers after cardiac arrest.},
journal = {Intensive care medicine experimental},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {83},
pmid = {39331333},
issn = {2197-425X},
support = {101016072//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; C14/BM/8225223//Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg/ ; C17/BM/11613033//Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg/ ; COVID-19/2020-1/14719577/miRCOVID//Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg/ ; YMCA project//Heart Foundation-Daniel Wagner/ ; },
abstract = {Cardiac arrest is a sudden cessation of heart function, leading to an abrupt loss of blood flow and oxygen to vital organs. This life-threatening emergency requires immediate medical intervention and can lead to severe neurological injury or death. Methods and biomarkers to predict neurological outcome are available but lack accuracy. Such methods would allow personalizing healthcare and help clinical decisions. Extensive research has been conducted to identify prognostic omic biomarkers of cardiac arrest. With the emergence of technologies allowing to combine different levels of omics data, and with the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning, there is a potential to use multiomic signatures as prognostic biomarkers after cardiac arrest. This review article delves into the current knowledge of cardiac arrest biomarkers across various omic fields and suggests directions for future research aiming to integrate multiple omics data layers to improve outcome prediction and cardiac arrest patient's care.},
}

@article {pmid38929036,
year = {2024},
author = {Suárez-González, A and Savage, SA and Alladi, S and Amaral-Carvalho, V and Arshad, F and Camino, J and Caramelli, P and Comas-Herrera, A and Cook, J and Cooper, C and García Díaz, L and Grasso, SM and Jokel, R and Lavoie, M and León, T and Priya, T and Ramos Franco, T and Taylor-Rubin, C and Townsend, R and Thöne-Otto, A and Slachevsky, A and Volkmer, A and Weidner, W and O'Connor, CM},
title = {Rehabilitation Services for Young-Onset Dementia: Examples from High- and Low-Middle-Income Countries.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38929036},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {COV-LT2-0014//National Institute for Health and Care Research/ ; NIHR203680//National Institute for Health and Care Research/ ; ES/Y007484/1//UK Research and Innovation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Dementia/rehabilitation/therapy ; Age of Onset ; Developing Countries ; Developed Countries ; Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {The WHO Dementia Global Action Plan states that rehabilitation services for dementia are required to promote health, reduce disability, and maintain quality of life for those living with dementia. Current services, however, are scarce, particularly for people with young-onset dementia (YOD). This article, written by an international group of multidisciplinary dementia specialists, offers a three-part overview to promote the development of rehabilitation services for YOD. Firstly, we provide a synthesis of knowledge on current evidence-based rehabilitative therapies for early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Secondly, we discuss the characteristics of rehabilitation services for YOD, providing examples across three continents for how these services can be embedded in existing settings and the different roles of the rehabilitation multidisciplinary team. Lastly, we conclude by highlighting the potential of telehealth in making rehabilitation services more accessible for people with YOD. Overall, with this paper, we aim to encourage clinical leads to begin introducing at least some rehabilitation into their services, leveraging existing resources and finding support in the collective expertise of the broader multidisciplinary dementia professional community.},
}

Humans
*Dementia/rehabilitation/therapy
Age of Onset
Developing Countries
Developed Countries
Telemedicine

@article {pmid38830749,
year = {2025},
author = {Bibi, A and Bartekova, M and Gandhi, S and Greco, S and Madè, A and Sarkar, M and Stopa, V and Tastsoglou, S and de Gonzalo-Calvo, D and Devaux, Y and Emanueli, C and Hatzigeorgiou, AG and Nossent, AY and Zhou, Z and Martelli, F and , },
title = {Circular RNA regulatory role in pathological cardiac remodelling.},
journal = {British journal of pharmacology},
volume = {182},
number = {2},
pages = {316-339},
doi = {10.1111/bph.16434},
pmid = {38830749},
issn = {1476-5381},
support = {APVV-21-0194//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; VEGA 2/0159/24//Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences/ ; 281125614//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)/ ; CH/15/1/31199//British Heart Foundation (BHF) Chair Award/ ; RG/20/9/35101//BHF Programme Grant/ ; //Heart Foundation-Daniel Wagner/ ; C14/BM/8225223//Fonds National de la Recherche (FNR) of Luxembourg/ ; C17/BM/11613033//Fonds National de la Recherche (FNR) of Luxembourg/ ; COVID-19/2020-1/14719577/miRCOVID//Fonds National de la Recherche (FNR) of Luxembourg/ ; 101016072//European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme/ ; //Ministry of Higher Education and Research of Luxembourg/ ; //1st Call for HFRI Research Projects/ ; 2563//Procurement of High-Cost Research Equipment Grant/ ; Τ2ΕΔΚ-00391//ERDF of the EU and Greek National Funds/ ; CP20/00041//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; //Novo Nordisk Foundation, Denmark/ ; 2021-18992//Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research/ ; NNF22SA0081227//EFSD/Novo Nordisk Foundation Future Leaders Award 2022/ ; 2023-02508//Swedish Research Council/ ; 20200326//Hjärt-Lungfonden/ ; 20220264//Hjärt-Lungfonden/ ; 20230386//Hjärt-Lungfonden/ ; 202100275//Karolinska Institute KID Grant/ ; 202301281//Karolinska Institute KID Grant/ ; RF-2019-12368521//Italian Ministry of Health/ ; Ricerca Corrente 2024, 1.07.128//Italian Ministry of Health/ ; RCR-2022-23682288//Italian Cardiology Network IRCCS/ ; 4462 GGP19035A//Fondazione Telethon/ ; 23054//AFM-Telethon/ ; EU PNRR/2022/C9/MCID/I8 FibroThera//EU-Next Generation/ ; EU-NRRP M6C2-Inv.2.1 PNRR-MAD-2022-12375790//EU-Next Generation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Heart Failure/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *RNA, Circular/genetics/metabolism ; *Ventricular Remodeling/genetics ; },
abstract = {Cardiac remodelling involves structural, cellular and molecular alterations in the heart after injury, resulting in progressive loss of heart function and ultimately leading to heart failure. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently rediscovered class of non-coding RNAs that play regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the role of circRNAs in the processes governing cardiac remodelling may set the ground for the development of circRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current knowledge about circRNA origin, conservation, characteristics and function is summarized. Bioinformatics and wet-lab methods used in circRNA research are discussed. The regulatory function of circRNAs in cardiac remodelling mechanisms such as cell death, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis and metabolism is highlighted. Finally, key challenges and opportunities in circRNA research are discussed, and orientations for future work to address the pharmacological potential of circRNAs in heart failure are proposed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Non-coding RNA Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v182.2/issuetoc.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Heart Failure/genetics/metabolism/pathology
*RNA, Circular/genetics/metabolism
*Ventricular Remodeling/genetics

@article {pmid38720437,
year = {2025},
author = {Sopić, M and Vladimirov, S and Munjas, J and Mitić, T and Hall, IF and Jusic, A and Ruzic, D and Devaux, Y and , },
title = {Targeting noncoding RNAs to treat atherosclerosis.},
journal = {British journal of pharmacology},
volume = {182},
number = {2},
pages = {220-245},
doi = {10.1111/bph.16412},
pmid = {38720437},
issn = {1476-5381},
support = {101016072//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; 893435//H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions/ ; C17/BM/11613033//Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg/ ; COST ACTION CA21153 AtheroNET Network for implemen//European Cooperation in Science and Technology/ ; FS/IPBSRF/22/27/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; 451-03-66/2024-03/ 200161//Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja/ ; COVID-19/2020-1/14719577/miRCOVID//Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg/ ; 101086397//HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions/ ; C14/BM/8225223//Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg/ ; 101064175//HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions/ ; RE/18/5/34216/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; FS/IPBSRF/22/27050/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Atherosclerosis/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are pivotal for various pathological processes, impacting disease progression. The potential for leveraging ncRNAs to prevent or treat atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases is of great significance, especially given the increasing prevalence of atherosclerosis in an ageing and sedentary population. Together, these diseases impose a substantial socio-economic burden, demanding innovative therapeutic solutions. This review explores the potential of ncRNAs in atherosclerosis treatment. We commence by examining approaches for identifying and characterizing atherosclerosis-associated ncRNAs. We then delve into the functional aspects of ncRNAs in atherosclerosis development and progression. Additionally, we review current RNA and RNA-targeting molecules in development or under approval for clinical use, offering insights into their pharmacological potential. The importance of improved ncRNA delivery strategies is highlighted. Finally, we suggest avenues for advanced research to accelerate the use of ncRNAs in treating atherosclerosis and mitigating its societal impact. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Non-coding RNA Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v182.2/issuetoc.},
}

Humans
*Atherosclerosis/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
*RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism
Animals

@article {pmid38381083,
year = {2024},
author = {Montagud-Martínez, R and Márquez-Costa, R and Heras-Hernández, M and Dolcemascolo, R and Rodrigo, G},
title = {On the ever-growing functional versatility of the CRISPR-Cas13 system.},
journal = {Microbial biotechnology},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {e14418},
pmid = {38381083},
issn = {1751-7915},
support = {PDC2022-133941-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; PGC2018-101410-B-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; PRE2019-088531//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; 813239//European Commission/ ; JAEINT-19-00844//Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/ ; GVA-COVID19/2021/036//Generalitat Valenciana/ ; SEJI-2020-011//Generalitat Valenciana/ ; },
mesh = {*CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Prokaryotic Cells ; RNA ; Ribonucleoproteins ; Synthetic Biology ; },
abstract = {CRISPR-Cas systems evolved in prokaryotes to implement a powerful antiviral immune response as a result of sequence-specific targeting by ribonucleoproteins. One of such systems consists of an RNA-guided RNA endonuclease, known as CRISPR-Cas13. In very recent years, this system is being repurposed in different ways in order to decipher and engineer gene expression programmes. Here, we discuss the functional versatility of the CRISPR-Cas13 system, which includes the ability for RNA silencing, RNA editing, RNA tracking, nucleic acid detection and translation regulation. This functional palette makes the CRISPR-Cas13 system a relevant tool in the broad field of systems and synthetic biology.},
}

*CRISPR-Cas Systems
*Prokaryotic Cells
RNA
Ribonucleoproteins
Synthetic Biology

@article {pmid38174932,
year = {2024},
author = {Dey, S and Mondal, A},
title = {Unveiling the role of host kinases at different steps of influenza A virus life cycle.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {98},
number = {1},
pages = {e0119223},
pmid = {38174932},
issn = {1098-5514},
support = {STARS/APR2019/BS/369/FS (Project ID: 369)//Ministry of Education, India (MoE)/ ; VIR/COVID 19/19/2021/ECD-I//Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)/ ; CRG/2022/003628//DST | Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Influenza A virus/genetics/physiology ; *Influenza, Human/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Virus Replication ; *Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; },
abstract = {Influenza viruses remain a major public health concern causing contagious respiratory illnesses that result in around 290,000-650,000 global deaths every year. Their ability to constantly evolve through antigenic shifts and drifts leads to the emergence of newer strains and resistance to existing drugs and vaccines. To combat this, there is a critical need for novel antiviral drugs through the introduction of host-targeted therapeutics. Influenza viruses encode only 14 gene products that get extensively modified through phosphorylation by a diverse array of host kinases. Reversible phosphorylation at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues dynamically regulates the structure, function, and subcellular localization of viral proteins at different stages of their life cycle. In addition, kinases influence a plethora of signaling pathways that also regulate virus propagation by modulating the host cell environment thus establishing a critical virus-host relationship that is indispensable for executing successful infection. This dependence on host kinases opens up exciting possibilities for developing kinase inhibitors as next-generation anti-influenza therapy. To fully capitalize on this potential, extensive mapping of the influenza virus-host kinase interaction network is essential. The key focus of this review is to outline the molecular mechanisms by which host kinases regulate different steps of the influenza A virus life cycle, starting from attachment-entry to assembly-budding. By assessing the contributions of different host kinases and their specific phosphorylation events during the virus life cycle, we aim to develop a holistic overview of the virus-host kinase interaction network that may shed light on potential targets for novel antiviral interventions.},
}

Humans
*Host-Pathogen Interactions
Influenza A virus/genetics/physiology
*Influenza, Human/metabolism
*Signal Transduction
Virus Replication
*Protein Kinases/metabolism
Phosphorylation

@article {pmid35313253,
year = {2022},
author = {Ahmed, N and Baker, MR and Bashford, J},
title = {The landscape of neurophysiological outcome measures in ALS interventional trials: A systematic review.},
journal = {Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {137},
number = {},
pages = {132-141},
pmid = {35313253},
issn = {1872-8952},
support = {EP/V050419/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; COV-LT-0022/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom ; MC_PC_13071/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; MC/PC/14101/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; MC/PC/13071/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; MC_PC_14101/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; BASHFORD/JUN16/947-795/MNDA_/Motor Neurone Disease Association/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {*Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis/therapy ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Neurophysiology/methods ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We collated all interventional clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which utilised at least one neurophysiological technique as a primary or secondary outcome measure. By identifying the strengths and limitations of these studies, we aim to guide study design in future trials.

METHODS: We conducted and reported this systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eight databases were searched from inception. In total, 703 studies were retrieved for screening and eligibility assessment.

RESULTS: Dating back to 1986, 32 eligible interventional clinical trials were identified, recruiting a median of 30 patients per completed trial. The most widely employed neurophysiological techniques were electromyography, motor unit number estimation (including motor unit number index), neurophysiological index and transcranial magnetic stimulation (including resting motor threshold and short-interval intracortical inhibition). Almost 40% of trials reported a positive outcome with respect to at least one neurophysiological measure. The interventions targeted either ion channels, immune mechanisms or neuronal metabolic pathways.

CONCLUSIONS: Neurophysiology offers many promising biomarkers that can be utilised as outcome measures in interventional clinical trials in ALS. When selecting the most appropriate technique, key considerations include methodological standardisation, target engagement and logistical burden.

SIGNIFICANCE: Future trial design in ALS would benefit from a standardised, updated and easily accessible repository of neurophysiological outcome measures.},
}

*Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis/therapy
Electromyography
Humans
Neurophysiology/methods
Outcome Assessment, Health Care
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

@article {pmid34957787,
year = {2021},
author = {Kamdar, A and Sykes, R and Morrow, A and Mangion, K and Berry, C},
title = {Cardiovascular outcomes of glucose lowering therapy in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis.},
journal = {Reviews in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {1479-1490},
doi = {10.31083/j.rcm2204152},
pmid = {34957787},
issn = {2153-8174},
support = {MR/S018905/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; MR/N003403/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; RE/13/5/30177/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; COV/GLA/20/05/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; COV/LTE/20/10/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; PG/17/25/32884/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; RE/18/6/34217/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects ; *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology ; *Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Patients with CKD carry a high burden of cardiovascular disease and may be excluded from clinical trials on the basis of safety. There are an increasing number of clinical trials which predefine sub-group analysis for CKD. This systematic review with fixed-effect meta-analysis investigates glucose lowering therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in relation to CKD. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) of glucose lowering treatments performed in adults (aged ≥18 years), humans, with no restriction on date, and English-language restriction in patients with pre-existing CKD regardless of diabetes status. Embase & Ovid Medline databases were searched up to April 2021. Risk of bias was assessed according to Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. We included 7 trials involving a total of 48,801 participants. There were 4 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), 2 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and 1 Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor identified. SGLT2i (relative risk (RR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.79-1.02]) and GLP-1R agonists (RR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.72-0.96]) were associated with a reduction in cardiovascular death. SGLT2i (RR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.63-0.75]) are also associated with a reduction in hospitalization for heart failure. In summary, this meta-analysis of large, RCTs of glucose lowering therapies has demonstrated that treatment with SGLT2i or GLP-1R agonists may improve 3 point-MACE and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic renal failure compared with placebo. This systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO network (registration number: CRD42021268563) and follows the PRISMA guidelines on systematic reviews and metanalysis.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
*Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Glucose
Humans
Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects
*Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology
*Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/adverse effects

@article {pmid34275442,
year = {2021},
author = {Pringle, J and Mellado, ASAV and Haraldsdottir, E and Kelly, F and Hockley, J},
title = {Pain assessment and management in care homes: understanding the context through a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC geriatrics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {431},
pmid = {34275442},
issn = {1471-2318},
support = {COV/NAP/20/04/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; COV/NAP/20/05/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; Catalytic Research Grant: CGA/19/15/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {*Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; *Nursing Homes ; Pain Measurement ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Internationally, 2-5% of people live in residential or nursing homes, many with multi-morbidities, including severe cognitive impairment. Pain is frequently considered an expected part of old age and morbidity, and may often be either under-reported by care home residents, or go unrecognized by care staff. We conducted a systematic scoping review to explore the complexity of pain recognition, assessment and treatment for residents living in care homes, and to understand the contexts that might influence its management.

METHODS: Scoping review using the methodological framework of Levac and colleagues. Articles were included if they examined pain assessment and/or management, for care or nursing home residents. We searched Medline, CINAHL, ASSIA, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar; reference lists were also screened, and website searches carried out of key organisations. Conversations with 16 local care home managers were included to gain an understanding of their perspective.

RESULTS: Inclusion criteria were met by 109 studies. Three overarching themes were identified: Staff factors and beliefs - in relation to pain assessment and management (e.g. experience, qualifications) and beliefs and perceptions relating to pain. Pain assessment - including use of pain assessment tools and assessment/management for residents with cognitive impairment. Interventions - including efficacy/effects (pharmaceutical/non pharmaceutical), and pain training interventions and their outcomes. Overall findings from the review indicated a lack of training and staff confidence in relation to pain assessment and management. This was particularly the case for residents with dementia.

CONCLUSIONS: Further training and detailed guidelines for the appropriate assessment and treatment of pain are required by care home staff. Professionals external to the care home environment need to be aware of the issues facing care homes staff and residents in order to target their input in the most appropriate way.},
}

*Delivery of Health Care
Humans
*Nursing Homes
Pain Measurement

@article {pmid34097474,
year = {2021},
author = {Machado, MG and Sencio, V and Trottein, F},
title = {Short-Chain Fatty Acids as a Potential Treatment for Infections: a Closer Look at the Lungs.},
journal = {Infection and immunity},
volume = {89},
number = {9},
pages = {e0018821},
pmid = {34097474},
issn = {1098-5522},
support = {ANR-17-CE15-0020-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; AM-COV-PATH//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/immunology/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/immunology/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/microbiology ; Lung/*drug effects/immunology/microbiology/virology ; Microbial Viability ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/immunology/microbiology/virology ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Virulence ; },
abstract = {Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by the gut microbiota via the fermentation of complex carbohydrates and fibers. Evidence suggests that SCFAs play a role in the control of infections through direct action both on microorganisms and on host signaling. This review summarizes the main microbicidal effects of SCFAs and discusses studies highlighting the effect of SCFAs in the virulence and viability of microorganisms. We also describe the diverse and complex modes of action of the SCFAs on the immune system in the face of infections with a specific focus on bacterial and viral respiratory infections. A growing body of evidence suggests that SCFAs protect against lung infections. Finally, we present potential strategies that may be leveraged to exploit the biological properties of SCFAs for increasing effectiveness and optimizing patient benefits.},
}

Animals
Anti-Infective Agents/immunology/metabolism/*therapeutic use
Fatty Acids, Volatile/immunology/metabolism/*therapeutic use
Humans
Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/microbiology
Lung/*drug effects/immunology/microbiology/virology
Microbial Viability
Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/immunology/microbiology/virology
Signal Transduction/immunology
Virulence

@article {pmid33810619,
year = {2021},
author = {Hornung, F and Rogal, J and Loskill, P and Löffler, B and Deinhardt-Emmer, S},
title = {The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {33810619},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {031L0247B//BMBF/ ; NUM-COVID 19, Organo-Strat 01KX2021//BMBF/ ; FKZ 01EO1502//DFG/ ; EXC 2051 - Project-ID 390713860.//DFG/ ; },
mesh = {Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipokines/metabolism ; Adiponectin ; Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Infections/*complications/microbiology/virology ; Cells, Cultured ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leptin/physiology ; Lung/*microbiology/physiopathology/*virology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Obesity/*complications/microbiology/virology ; Risk Factors ; Virus Diseases/*complications/microbiology/virology ; },
abstract = {Obesity is a globally increasing health problem, entailing diverse comorbidities such as infectious diseases. An obese weight status has marked effects on lung function that can be attributed to mechanical dysfunctions. Moreover, the alterations of adipocyte-derived signal mediators strongly influence the regulation of inflammation, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Our review summarizes the known effects regarding pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. For this, we discuss model systems that allow mechanistic investigation of the interplay between obesity and lung infections. Overall, obesity gives rise to a higher susceptibility to infectious pathogens, but the pathogenetic process is not clearly defined. Whereas, viral infections often show a more severe course in obese patients, the same patients seem to have a survival benefit during bacterial infections. In particular, we summarize the main mechanical impairments in the pulmonary tract caused by obesity. Moreover, we outline the main secretory changes within the expanded adipose tissue mass, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Finally, we connect these altered host factors to the influence of obesity on the development of lung infection by summarizing observations from clinical and experimental data.},
}

Adipocytes/metabolism
Adipokines/metabolism
Adiponectin
Adipose Tissue
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
Bacterial Infections/*complications/microbiology/virology
Cells, Cultured
Comorbidity
Female
Humans
Inflammation
Leptin/physiology
Lung/*microbiology/physiopathology/*virology
Macrophages/metabolism
Male
Mice
Obesity/*complications/microbiology/virology
Risk Factors
Virus Diseases/*complications/microbiology/virology

@article {pmid33430338,
year = {2021},
author = {Polyak, SJ and Crispe, IN and Baumert, TF},
title = {Liver Abnormalities after Elimination of HCV Infection: Persistent Epigenetic and Immunological Perturbations Post-Cure.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {33430338},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {ERC-2014-AdG-671231-HEPCIR//European Union/ ; EU H2020 Hep-CAR 667273//European Union/ ; R56 AI143683/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 1R56AI143683-01A1//National Institute of Health (NIAID)/ ; TargEnt-COVID-19//FRM and ANR/ ; U19AI12386//National Institute of Health (NIAID)/ ; IHU201901299//IHU Fondation ARC TheraHCC program/ ; },
abstract = {Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. While directly acting antiviral (DAA) drugs are now able to cure virtually all hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, even in subjects with advanced liver disease, what happens to the liver and progression of the disease after DAA-induced cure of viremia is only beginning to emerge. Several large-scale clinical studies in different patient populations have shown that patients with advanced liver disease maintain a risk for developing HCC even when the original instigator, the virus, is eliminated by DAAs. Here we review emerging studies derived from multiple, complementary experimental systems involving patient liver tissues, human liver cell cultures, human liver slice cultures, and animal models, showing that HCV infection induces epigenetic, signaling, and gene expression changes in the liver associated with altered hepatic innate immunity and liver cancer risk. Of critical importance is the fact that these virus-induced abnormalities persist after DAA cure of HCV. These nascent findings portend the discovery of pathways involved in post-HCV immunopathogenesis, which may be clinically actionable targets for more comprehensive care of DAA-cured individuals.},
}

@article {pmid32630840,
year = {2020},
author = {Besson, S and Vragniau, C and Vassal-Stermann, E and Dagher, MC and Fender, P},
title = {The Adenovirus Dodecahedron: Beyond the Platonic Story.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {32630840},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {ANR18-CE11-0001//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/International ; Cov-Mime//Région Auvergne Rhône-Alpes/International ; },
mesh = {Adenoviridae/*physiology ; Adenoviridae Infections/pathology ; Animals ; Capsid/*physiology ; Capsid Proteins/physiology ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Humans ; Virus Replication/physiology ; },
abstract = {Many geometric forms are found in nature, some of them adhering to mathematical laws or amazing aesthetic rules. One of the best-known examples in microbiology is the icosahedral shape of certain viruses with 20 triangular facets and 12 edges. What is less known, however, is that a complementary object displaying 12 faces and 20 edges called a 'dodecahedron' can be produced in huge amounts during certain adenovirus replication cycles. The decahedron was first described more than 50 years ago in the human adenovirus (HAdV3) viral cycle. Later on, the expression of this recombinant scaffold, combined with improvements in cryo-electron microscopy, made it possible to decipher the structural determinants underlying their architecture. Recently, this particle, which mimics viral entry, was used to fish the long elusive adenovirus receptor, desmoglein-2, which serves as a cellular docking for some adenovirus serotypes. This breakthrough enabled the understanding of the physiological role played by the dodecahedral particles, showing that icosahedral and dodecahedral particles live more than a simple platonic story. All these points are developed in this review, and the potential use of the dodecahedron in therapeutic development is discussed.},
}

Adenoviridae/*physiology
Adenoviridae Infections/pathology
Animals
Capsid/*physiology
Capsid Proteins/physiology
Cryoelectron Microscopy
Humans
Virus Replication/physiology

@article {pmid41305530,
year = {2025},
author = {Vitiello, F and Lan, R and Orsini, G and Bourgeois, D and Carrouel, F},
title = {The Role of Saliva and Mouthwashes in the Detection and Reduction of Oral Viral Load: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17111509},
pmid = {41305530},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mouthwashes/pharmacology ; *Saliva/virology ; *Viral Load/drug effects ; COVID-19/virology/prevention & control/diagnosis ; *Mouth/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/isolation & purification ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology ; Cetylpyridinium ; },
abstract = {Background: The oral cavity is an entry site and a reservoir for viruses. Viral particles accumulate in saliva, which serves as a diagnostic fluid and vehicle for transmission (droplets and aerosols). Antiseptic mouthwashes were proposed as adjunctive measures to temporarily reduce oral viral load. Objectives: This scoping review aims to investigate the role of the oral cavity in viral infections, focusing on saliva and the use of antiseptic mouthwashes to reduce salivary viral load. Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for human studies (2015-2025) investigating oral viral infections, saliva, or mouthwashes. Eligible studies were classified and analyzed for population, intervention, and outcomes. Results: Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria (sixteen randomized controlled trials and seven systematic reviews). All included studies focused exclusively on SARS-CoV-2, as no clinical evidence on other oral viruses met the eligibility criteria. Saliva was consistently identified as a reliable, non-invasive specimen reflecting disease dynamics and transmission potential. Mouthwashes containing povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide or β-cyclodextrin-citrox produced measurable but short-lived reductions in salivary viral load. Heterogeneity and lack of standardized outcomes limited comparability. Conclusions: Antiseptic mouthwashes can provide a transient and complementary reduction in salivary viral load, particularly before aerosol-generating procedures; however, they should be regarded only as adjunctive measures and not as substitutes for standard infection-control protocols.},
}

Humans
*Mouthwashes/pharmacology
*Saliva/virology
*Viral Load/drug effects
COVID-19/virology/prevention & control/diagnosis
*Mouth/virology
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/isolation & purification
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology
Cetylpyridinium

@article {pmid41305504,
year = {2025},
author = {Tana, C and Soloperto, M and Giuliano, G and Erroi, G and Di Maggio, A and Tortorella, C and Moffa, L},
title = {Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Lung Immune Responses to Viral Infections: From Mechanistic Insights to Clinical Applications.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17111482},
pmid = {41305504},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Lung/immunology/virology ; *Virus Diseases/immunology ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; },
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming biomedical research and patient care by integrating complex biological, radiological, and healthcare information. In the field of viral respiratory infections, AI-driven approaches have shown great promise in elucidating the complexity of lung immune responses and the dynamic interplay between host and pathogen. Applications include predicting cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), integrating imaging findings with immunological and laboratory data, and identifying molecular and cellular signatures through single-cell and multi-omics analyses. Similar methodologies have been applied to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), providing insights into the mechanisms distinguishing protective from maladaptive pulmonary immunity. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on how AI can evolve into a form of translational intelligence, capable of bridging mechanistic immunology with clinical application. The review explores AI-based models for disease severity prediction, patient stratification, and therapeutic response assessment, as well as emerging approaches in drug repurposing and vaccine response prediction. By integrating biological complexity with clinical context, AI offers new opportunities to uncover immune signatures predictive of antiviral or immunomodulatory efficacy and to guide personalized management strategies.},
}

Humans
*Artificial Intelligence
*Lung/immunology/virology
*Virus Diseases/immunology
Influenza, Human/immunology

@article {pmid41305479,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao, G and Xu, C and Wang, L and Chai, K and Wu, B},
title = {Global Surveillance and Biological Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 NB.1.8.1 Variant: An Emerging VUM Lineage Under Scrutiny.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17111457},
pmid = {41305479},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/classification/immunology/isolation & purification ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology/transmission/immunology ; Immune Evasion ; Genome, Viral ; Mutation ; Global Health ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants poses persistent challenges to global public health. As a sublineage of the XDV.1 variant, NB.1.8.1 has rapidly emerged as a dominant strain worldwide, triggering a new wave of infections. Representing a product of viral adaptation, this variant has acquired several critical amino acid mutations-including A435S and T478I-which enhance its transmissibility and immune evasion capabilities compared to the ancestral XDV.1 lineage. This review systematically summarizes the genomic characteristics, epidemiological features, and immune escape potential of NB.1.8.1. It emphasizes that sustained genomic surveillance and serological assessments are crucial for informing public health response strategies, guiding vaccine development, and optimizing containment measures.},
}

*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/classification/immunology/isolation & purification
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology/transmission/immunology
Immune Evasion
Genome, Viral
Mutation
Global Health
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
Phylogeny

@article {pmid41305454,
year = {2025},
author = {Miftahof, J and Bernauer, B and Tan, CS},
title = {Neurological Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17111432},
pmid = {41305454},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/pathology/virology ; Animals ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Brain/virology/pathology ; *Nervous System Diseases/virology/pathology/etiology ; Central Nervous System/virology/pathology ; },
abstract = {Neurocognitive symptoms have emerged as notable sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Although primarily a respiratory virus, SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with central nervous system (CNS) changes observed in both clinical and experimental settings. To better understand these effects and their pathological mechanisms, we conducted a systematic literature search of published studies and employed a qualitative, analytical approach to identify and synthesize key findings from peer-reviewed studies, including large-scale retrospective clinical cohorts, human autopsy reports, animal models (murine, non-human primate), and in vitro brain organoid systems. While viral components were detected in post mortem central nervous system tissues, COVID-19 neuropathology appears to stem primarily from immune-mediated inflammation and vascular injury rather than direct CNS infection. Persistent glial activation and BBB disruption may underlie the long-term neurological symptoms reported in long COVID-19. Although animal models offer mechanistic insight, species-specific differences necessitate cautious extrapolation to human pathology. Further investigation into the chronic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the brain is essential to guide long-term clinical management and therapeutic development.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/pathology/virology
Animals
*SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
Disease Models, Animal
Brain/virology/pathology
*Nervous System Diseases/virology/pathology/etiology
Central Nervous System/virology/pathology

@article {pmid41305428,
year = {2025},
author = {Chiang, KC and Chiu, CEN and Altaf, M and Cheng, MTK and Gupta, RK},
title = {Mechanisms of Cell-Cell Fusion in SARS-CoV-2: An Evolving Strategy for Transmission and Immune Evasion.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17111405},
pmid = {41305428},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology/pathogenicity/genetics ; *COVID-19/transmission/immunology/virology ; *Immune Evasion ; Cell Fusion ; *Virus Internalization ; Giant Cells/virology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; },
abstract = {Early studies on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 revealed mutations that favored host transmission of the virus and more efficient viral entry. However, cell-free virus spread is vulnerable to host-neutralizing antibodies. As population immunity developed, mutations that confer escape from neutralization were selected. Notably, cell syncytia formation wherein an infected cell fuses with a noninfected cell is a more efficient route of transmission that bypasses humoral immunity. Cell syncytia formation has been implicated in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection whilst compromising host transmission due to impaired whole virion release. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of virus-mediated cell-cell fusion will aid in identifying and targeting more pathogenic strains of SARS-CoV-2. Whilst the general kinetics of cell-cell fusion have been known for decades, the specific mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 induces fusion are beginning to be elucidated. This is partially due to emergence of more reliable, high throughput methods of quantifying and comparing fusion efficiency in experimental models. Moreover, the ongoing inflammatory response and emerging health burden of long COVID may point to cell-cell fusion in the pathogenesis. In this review, we synthesize current understanding of SARS-CoV-2-mediated cell-cell fusion and its consequences on immune escape, viral persistence, and the innate immune response.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology/pathogenicity/genetics
*COVID-19/transmission/immunology/virology
*Immune Evasion
Cell Fusion
*Virus Internalization
Giant Cells/virology
Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology

@article {pmid41305372,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, L and Meng, QH},
title = {Advancing Laboratory Diagnostics for Future Pandemics: Challenges and Innovations.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens14111135},
pmid = {41305372},
issn = {2076-0817},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; },
abstract = {Since the beginning of the 21st century, major epidemics and pandemics such as SARS, H1N1pdm09, Ebola, and COVID-19 have repeatedly challenged global systems of disease diagnostics and control. These crises exposed the weaknesses of traditional diagnostic models, including long turnaround times, uneven resource distribution, and supply chain bottlenecks. As a result, there is an urgent need for more advanced diagnostic technologies and integrated diagnostics strategies. Our review summarizes key lessons learned from four recent major outbreaks and highlights advances in diagnostic technologies. Among these, molecular techniques such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) have demonstrated significant advantages and are increasingly becoming core components of the detection framework. Antigen testing plays a critical role in rapid screening, particularly in settings such as schools, workplaces, and communities. Serological assays provide unique value for retrospective outbreak analysis and assessing population immunity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a powerful tool for identifying novel pathogens and monitoring viral mutations. Furthermore, point-of-care testing (POCT), enhanced by miniaturization, biosensing, and artificial intelligence (AI), has extended diagnostic capacity to the front lines of epidemic control. In summary, the future of epidemic and pandemic response will not depend on a single technology, but rather on a multi-layered and complementary system. By combining laboratory diagnostics, distributed screening, and real-time monitoring, this system will form a global diagnostic network capable of rapid response, ensuring preparedness for the next global health crisis.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology
*Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification
*Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods

@article {pmid41304894,
year = {2025},
author = {Calvo, H and Islas-Díaz, D and Hernández-Laureano, E},
title = {Pattern Recognition Algorithms in Pharmacogenomics and Drug Repurposing-Case Study: Ribavirin and Lopinavir.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph18111649},
pmid = {41304894},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {Pattern recognition and machine learning algorithms have become integral to modern drug discovery, offering powerful tools to uncover complex patterns in biomedical data. This article provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art pattern recognition techniques-including traditional machine learning (e.g., support vector machines), deep learning approaches, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and biomarker discovery methods-as applied in pharmacogenomics and computational drug repurposing. We discuss how these methods facilitate the identification of genetic factors that influence drug response, as well as the in silico screening of existing drugs for new therapeutic uses. Two antiviral agents, ribavirin and lopinavir, are examined as extended case studies in the context of COVID-19, illustrating practical applications of pattern recognition algorithms in analyzing pharmacogenomic data and guiding drug repurposing efforts during a pandemic. We highlight successful approaches such as the machine learning-driven prediction of responders and the AI-assisted identification of repurposed drugs (exemplified by the case of baricitinib for COVID-19), alongside current limitations, including data scarcity, model interpretability, and translational gaps. Finally, we outline future directions for integrating multi-omics data, improving algorithmic interpretability, and enhancing the synergy between computational predictions and experimental validation. The insights presented highlight the promising role of pattern recognition algorithms in advancing precision medicine and accelerating drug discovery, while recognizing the challenges that must be addressed to fully realize their potential.},
}

@article {pmid41304300,
year = {2025},
author = {Kayembe-Mulumba, B and N'gattia, AK and Belizaire, MRD},
title = {One Health, Many Gaps: Rethinking Epidemic Intelligence in Resource-Limited Settings to Prepare for the Global Threat of Disease X.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13112615},
pmid = {41304300},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The emergence of high-threat pathogens-such as Ebola, Lassa fever, and most recently SARS-CoV-2-has highlighted critical weaknesses in global surveillance systems, particularly in resource-limited settings where many zoonotic spillovers originate. Despite the World Health Organization's (WHO) prioritization of these diseases for research and development (R&D), the current surveillance infrastructures in these regions remain under-resourced, fragmented, and often reactive rather than anticipatory. This narrative review explored the literature and structured relevant findings in three key dimensions: (i) the structural and operational limitations of existing surveillance systems for the WHO priority diseases in resource-limited settings including challenges in data integration, laboratory capacity, workforce, and community engagement; (ii) how these surveillance gaps could delay detection and hinder the response to future emerging threats, particularly a hypothetical but inevitable Disease X; and (iii) innovative and context-adapted strategies to strengthen epidemic intelligence including integrated One Health surveillance, digital and genomic tools, participatory approaches, and regional data-sharing mechanisms. We argue that building agile, equity-centered, and decentralized surveillance systems is not only essential for managing known threats, but also foundational to the early detection and rapid containment of the next public health emergency in resource-limited settings. This review uniquely frames surveillance limitations in resource-limited settings as a global security concern and outlines context-adapted, equity-centered innovations to strengthen epidemic intelligence in preparation for Disease X.},
}

@article {pmid41304256,
year = {2025},
author = {Mateescu, DM and Ilie, AC and Cotet, I and Guse, C and Muresan, CO and Pah, AM and Badalica-Petrescu, M and Iurciuc, S and Craciun, ML and Avram, A and Margan, MM and Enache, A},
title = {Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diversity Indices, Taxa Alterations, and Mortality Risk.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13112570},
pmid = {41304256},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {"Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara//"Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara/ ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 is associated with gut microbiome alterations that may influence disease outcomes through immune and inflammatory pathways. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated global evidence on gut dysbiosis in COVID-19. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to 5 October 2025 (PROSPERO CRD420251160970). Alpha-diversity indices and microbial taxa log-fold changes (logFC) were analyzed using random-effects models. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for the Shannon index was -0.69 (95% CI -0.84 to -0.54; I[2] = 42%), confirming reduced microbial diversity. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii showed a significant pooled depletion (logFC = -1.24; 95% CI -1.68 to -0.80; k = 10; I[2] = 74%), while Enterococcus spp. was increased (logFC = 1.45; 95% CI 1.12-1.78). Egger's test did not suggest publication bias (p = 0.32). Gut dysbiosis was consistently associated with reduced microbial diversity and enrichment of pathogenic taxa, correlating with increased disease severity and mortality (HR = 1.67). These findings highlight the potential of microbiome profiling as a prognostic tool in COVID-19, although clinical translation requires further validation.},
}

@article {pmid41304215,
year = {2025},
author = {Arruda, ISA and Cavalcante, CDS and Rubens, RS and Castro, LNPF and Nóbrega, YKM and Dalmolin, TV},
title = {Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Patients After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Do We Know?.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13112529},
pmid = {41304215},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {DPI/BCE nº 01/2025//University of Brasilia/ ; FAPDF nº 09/2023//Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal/ ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 can cause long-term symptoms, such as a post-infection syndrome, known as Long-COVID. Among the symptoms present during this period, the most reported are gastrointestinal symptoms. This study discusses the effects of changes in the gut microbiota of post-COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with significant alterations in gut microbial composition, disturbing its homeostasis and promoting a reduction in the abundance of beneficial symbiotic bacteria and an increase in the abundance of opportunistic pathogens. Furthermore, the composition of the gut microbiota may play a role in the prognosis of patients with post-COVID-19 infection. The microbiota of the intestinal tract and the respiratory tract influence each other; therefore, the gut-lung axis has attracted increasing interest in understanding COVID-19. Moreover, the brain-gut axis has been studied, since there have been reports of anxiety and depression along with post-COVID-19 gastrointestinal symptoms. Treatments options for intestinal dysbiosis in Long-COVID patients include probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. These treatments may serve as an approach to improve gastrointestinal symptoms during Long-COVID, increasing microbiome diversity, strengthening the integrity of intestinal barrier functions, and consequently influencing the treatment of COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid41304130,
year = {2025},
author = {Yazici, O and Vanetti, C and Clerici, M and Biasin, M},
title = {Experimental Models to Investigate Viral and Cellular Dynamics in Respiratory Viral Co-Infections.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13112444},
pmid = {41304130},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {PNRR-Spoke 13-CUP-G43C2200260007-INF-ACT//Ministero dell'università e della ricerca/ ; },
abstract = {Respiratory viral co-infections by viruses such as influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are a significant clinical issue in high-risk populations such as children, elderly patients, and immunocompromised individuals. Sequential and simultaneous co-infections exacerbate disease severity, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality. Molecular and immunological interactions are complex, context-dependent, and largely unknown. Experimental models of infection that accurately mimic human respiratory physiology are required for the study of viral dynamics, virus-virus interactions, and virus-host interactions. This review outlines a range of complex in vitro and ex vivo models, including organoids, air-liquid interface cultures, lung-on-a-chip platforms, and in vivo animal models, highlighting their ability to simulate the complexity of respiratory co-infections and their limitations. The field has developed significantly, despite challenges like variability across viral strains, timing of infection, and non-standardization of models. Integration of multi-omics technologies and application of highly translational models such as non-human primates and lung-on-a-chip technology are promising avenues to uncover the molecular determinants of co-infection and guide development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Interrelatedness of experimental models and clinical outcomes is highly critical to improve prevention and treatment of respiratory viral co-infections mainly among high-risk populations.},
}

@article {pmid41304121,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramirez-Plascencia, HHF and Colima-Fausto, AG and Licona-Lasteros, KC and Díaz-Zaragoza, M and Cazarez-Navarro, G and Macias-Barragan, JG and Rodriguez-Preciado, SY},
title = {Presence of Microorganisms in the Environment: One Health Approach.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13112435},
pmid = {41304121},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The One Health approach offers an integrative framework to understand infectious threats, environmental factors, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and how their interactions affect the human-animal-environment interface. This review examines the epidemiology, transmission pathways, and mechanisms of microorganisms of public health importance (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses). It highlights the interconnectedness of ecosystems, where the environment plays a central role in the dissemination of pathogens, driven by climate change, globalization, agricultural intensification, and habitat degradation. AMR is a major concern, driven by the indiscriminate use of pharmaceuticals in human, veterinary, and agricultural settings, horizontal gene transfer through mobile genetic elements, and microbial evolution. The study of different pathogens is of great importance due to their high prevalence in different ecosystems, their virulence, clinical interest, and mortality rates produced. Some of them are ESKAPE bacteria, Candida auris, Plasmodium falciparum, and emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, which present complex transmission dynamics influenced by ecological and health determinants. The review also addresses the effects of climate change on the persistence and geographic spread of pathogens. Successful implementation of the One Health program requires intersectoral policies, integrated surveillance systems, prudent use of antimicrobials and investment in translational science. Coordinating these strategies is essential to limit the spread of pathogens, protect biodiversity, and save global health in the face of the growing threat of infectious diseases.},
}

@article {pmid41303627,
year = {2025},
author = {Styczeń, A and Krysa, M and Mertowska, P and Grywalska, E and Urbanowicz, T and Krasiński, M and Grobelna, M and Topyła-Putowska, W and Rahnama-Hezavah, M and Tomaszewski, M},
title = {The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms262211143},
pmid = {41303627},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {DS640//Medical University of Lublin/ ; //Poznan University of Medical Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; *Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism/pathology/etiology/virology ; *Virus Diseases/complications/metabolism ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Disease Progression ; },
abstract = {Aberrant activation of innate immunity promotes the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, the role of pattern recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) within the pulmonary vasculature remains unclear. To consolidate knowledge (as of June 2025) about TLRs and their interactions with viruses in PAH and to identify therapeutic implications. A narrative review of experimental and clinical studies investigating ten TLRs in the context of the pulmonary vascular microenvironment and viral infections. Activation of TLR1/2, TLR4, TLR5/6, TLR7/8, and TLR9 converges on the MyD88-NF-κB/IL-6 axis, thereby enhancing endothelial-mesenchymal transition, smooth muscle proliferation, oxidative stress, thrombosis, and maladaptive inflammation, ultimately increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. Conversely, TLR3, through TRIF-IFN-I, preserves endothelial integrity and inhibits vascular remodeling; its downregulation correlates with PAH severity, and poly (I:C) restitution has been shown to improve hemodynamics and right ventricular function. HIV-1, EBV, HCV, endogenous retrovirus K, and SARS-CoV-2 infections modulate TLR circuits, either amplifying pro-remodeling cascades or attenuating protective pathways. The "TLR rheostat" is shaped by polymorphisms, ligand biochemistry, compartmentalization, and biomechanical forces. The balance between MyD88-dependent signaling and the TRIF-IFN-I axis determines the trajectory of PAH. Prospective therapeutic strategies may include TLR3 agonists, MyD88/NF-κB inhibitors, modulation of IL-6, and combination approaches integrating antiviral therapy with targeted immunomodulation in a precision approach.},
}

Humans
*Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
*Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism/pathology/etiology/virology
*Virus Diseases/complications/metabolism
Animals
Signal Transduction
Disease Progression

@article {pmid41303587,
year = {2025},
author = {Kononova, SV and Bobkova, NV and Poltavtseva, RA and Leonov, S and Sukhikh, GT},
title = {ACE2: Friend or Foe in Post-COVID-19 Neurodegeneration?.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms262211104},
pmid = {41303587},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {24-25-00465//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism/etiology/virology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Animals ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism/pathology/virology ; },
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system's counter-regulatory pathway. ACE2 is a multifunctional protein whose location and form determine its catalytic and non-catalytic functions, including amino acid transport, the creation of structural complexes, adhesion, and involvement in signaling pathways. In addition, ACE2 influences neurotransmitter systems in the brain. As the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 has been the subject of increasing research interest. Although ACE2 levels in the brain are low, brain damage from SARS-CoV-2 increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to clarify an important issue: does the temporary inactivation of ACE2 by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein play a role in Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration, meaning that the protein may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target?},
}

Humans
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
*COVID-19/complications/metabolism/virology
SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
*Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism/etiology/virology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
Renin-Angiotensin System
Animals
Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
Brain/metabolism/pathology/virology

@article {pmid41303146,
year = {2025},
author = {Wilkinson, L and Arjomandi Rad, A and Oliver, J and Kourliouros, A},
title = {From Pandemic to Practice: How COVID-19 Has Reshaped Haemostasis in Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14228109},
pmid = {41303146},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {The utilisation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery is often associated with complex haemostatic perturbations, frequently manifesting as a paradoxical risk of both bleeding and thrombosis. This is postulated to be driven by systemic inflammation, endothelial activation and contact activation of the coagulation cascade due to extracorporeal circulation. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed a unique hypercoagulable state, termed COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC), also observed in those vaccinated against COVID-19. CAC displays similar physiological manifestations to those of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), characterised by elevated fibrinogen and D-dimer values. The precise pathogenesis of CAC requires further elucidation though proposed mechanisms include: an exaggerated inflammatory response to COVID-19 infection or antibody proliferation due to vaccination, direct epithelial cell damage mediated by angiotensin converting enzyme 2, and 'hypoxithrombosis'. CAC has since provided a unique framework to understand and potentially mitigate coagulation complications encountered during CPB in the post-pandemic era, as it is no longer sufficient to view COVID-19 as a transient influence on surgical risk. Rather, it must be recognized as a persistent modifier of the haemostatic environment across the population, with direct implications upon patient selection, intraoperative management and postoperative care in cardiac surgery. This review examines the pathological drivers behind CAC alongside the insights obtained from CAC management during ECMO deployment, to investigate the potential translation of such knowledge into improved anticoagulation strategies and monitoring during cardiac surgery. The use of alternative anticoagulants including factor XI inhibitors and the modulation of heparinase activity offers promising avenues to attenuate coagulopathies more commonly observed during CPB in the post-pandemic climate, whilst anti-Xa assays and viscoelastic testing have offered applicability to modern perfusion practices. By bridging the knowledge gained during the pandemic with that of conventional CPB, this review aims to inform future strategies for haemostasis management in cardiac surgery in a novel cohort of surgical patients.},
}

@article {pmid41302665,
year = {2025},
author = {Adegoke, K and Kayode, T and Singh, M and Gusmano, M and Knapp, KA and Steger, AM},
title = {Remote Work, Well-Being, and Healthy Labor Force Participation Among Older Adults: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph22111719},
pmid = {41302665},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Employment/statistics & numerical data ; *Teleworking ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; *Healthy Aging ; Female ; },
abstract = {Background: Aging populations make expanded workforce participation among older adults an economic and public health priority. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the growth of virtual work, providing new opportunities for healthy aging in the workplace through increased flexibility and less physical strain. However, digital exclusion, ergonomically challenging tasks, and social isolation can limit these opportunities for older populations. Objective: This scoping review aimed to synthesize interdisciplinary research on the relationship between remote work and labor force participation among adults aged 45 years and older, focusing on health-related outcomes, barriers, and facilitators. Methods: Following the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across seven databases for peer-reviewed and gray literature published between 2000 and 2025. Of 2108 records screened, 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a standardized charting tool and analyzed thematically. Results: Most studies were published after 2020 and originated in North America (45%) and Europe (40%). Core barriers included digital exclusion, ageism, and adverse ergonomic environments. Facilitators involved flexible working hours, a supportive organizational environment, and digital skills. Health-related outcomes such as stress reduction and improved well-being were commonly reported. However, only 18% of studies assessed policy effects, and very few examined intersectionality (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status). Conclusions: Remote and flexible work options can improve the health and participation of older adults in the workforce, but technology, infrastructure, and social barriers remain. Age-inclusive policies, digital equity efforts, and inclusive workplace practices are necessary to maximize the benefits of remote arrangements for aging populations.},
}

Humans
Aged
Middle Aged
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Employment/statistics & numerical data
*Teleworking
SARS-CoV-2
Male
*Healthy Aging
Female

@article {pmid41302566,
year = {2025},
author = {Sui, SX and Yu, L},
title = {Patient and Professional Perspectives on Long COVID: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph22111620},
pmid = {41302566},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Qualitative Research ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 condition ('long COVID') involves fluctuating symptoms across multiple organ systems and disability or functional loss, which may be episodic, continuous, or permanent. Qualitative research is essential to capture lived experiences and explain how social and health system contexts may influence improvement, recovery, and service use. We synthesised perspectives from people living with long COVID and healthcare professionals to inform service design and policy.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 1 January 2020 and 19 August 2025. Eligible studies reported qualitative data from adults with long COVID (≥12 weeks after acute infection) and/or healthcare professionals in any setting. We excluded non-qualitative, non-primary, or non-English reports. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted, and appraised studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were synthesised thematically. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework.

FINDINGS: Of 1544 records screened, 49 studies met the inclusion criteria: 41 involving patients, two involving professionals, and six involving both. Eight patient themes (including symptom burden, identity disruption and stigma) and four professional themes (including recognition, care coordination and holistic care models) were identified. Recognition emerged as a cross-cutting mechanism: validation and consistent pacing guidance facilitated engagement and safer activity, whereas invalidation and inconsistent advice were associated with distress, avoidance, and disengagement. Trajectories showed gradual expansion of multidisciplinary care models, but major capacity and equity gaps persisted. Most studies had low methodological concerns, although heterogeneity in populations and settings was substantial.

INTERPRETATION: Long COVID is a chronic, biological condition that also intersects with social and psychological dimensions, and may present with episodic, continuous, or progressive trajectories. Healthcare services must prioritise early validation, provide consistent pacing and relapse prevention guidance, expand access to multidisciplinary and peer-supported rehabilitation, integrate mental healthcare, strengthen coordinated pathways, and support graded return to work. Explicit attention to equity is required to avoid widening disparities.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology
*Health Personnel/psychology
SARS-CoV-2
Qualitative Research

@article {pmid41302253,
year = {2025},
author = {Nikolova, S and Aleksandrova, T},
title = {Geospatial Insights into Healthcare Accessibility in Europe: A Scoping Review of GIS Applications.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare13222865},
pmid = {41302253},
issn = {2227-9032},
support = {BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02//European Union-NextGenerationEU/ ; },
abstract = {Background: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as a critical tool in healthcare research, facilitating the assessment of healthcare accessibility through spatial analysis and data visualisation. This scoping review synthesises literature published between 2020 and 2024, a period marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and rapid methodological innovation, providing a timely overview of how GIS has been applied to evaluate healthcare access across European countries. Methods: The review underscores the role of GIS methodologies in identifying geographic disparities, optimising resource distribution, and informing policy decisions. Results: Key findings highlight significant urban-rural differences in healthcare access, shaped by factors such as transportation infrastructure, population density, and healthcare facility distribution. Additionally, GIS has proven valuable in examining the link between healthcare accessibility and utilisation, with better access generally correlating with higher service use. Conclusions: Despite its potential, challenges including data availability, methodological variability, and uneven adoption across regions limit its broader implementation. The review emphasises the need for integrating advanced technologies to foster more equitable healthcare access throughout Europe.},
}

@article {pmid41301889,
year = {2025},
author = {Ivanovska, M and Homadi, MS and Angelova, G and Taskov, H and Murdjeva, M},
title = {Differential Characteristics and Comparison Between Long-COVID Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13112797},
pmid = {41301889},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Long-COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome are disabling diseases characterised by ongoing fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome typically follows viral infections, whereas Long-COVID exclusively follows SARS-CoV-2 infection, with overlapping but distinct features. This review uses comprehensive searches of online databases to compare their clinical presentations, pathophysiologies, and treatments. Both Long-COVID and ME/CFS appear to involve multifactorial mechanisms, including viral persistence, immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and autoimmunity, though their relative contributions remain uncertain. Symptom management strategies are consistent, however. Cognitive behaviour therapy has been successful, and there are minimal drug treatments. Graded exercise therapy occupies a contested place, recommending individualised pacing and multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Common and exclusive mechanisms must be identified to formulate valuable therapies. A more significant body of research focusing on immune dysfunction as a pathogenic mechanism for advancing the disease and enabling more effective therapies and diagnostics is needed.},
}

@article {pmid41301448,
year = {2025},
author = {Silva-Ríos, AA and Mora-Ornelas, CE and Flores-Medina, LG and Muñoz-Valle, JF and Díaz-Palomera, CD and García-Chagollan, M and Vizcaíno-Quirarte, AM and Viera-Segura, O},
title = {Beyond Processing: Furin as a Central Hub in Viral Pathogenesis and Genetic Susceptibility.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom15111530},
pmid = {41301448},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {CF-2023-I-1011, Ciencia Básica y de Frontera 2023-2024//Secretaría de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación/ ; },
mesh = {*Furin/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; *COVID-19/genetics/virology ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Virus Diseases/genetics ; Virus Internalization ; },
abstract = {Furin, a calcium-dependent serine endoprotease of the proprotein convertase family, plays a pivotal role in both physiological homeostasis and viral pathogenesis. By cleaving polybasic motifs within viral glycoproteins, furin enables the maturation of structural proteins essential for viral entry, fusion, and replication. This mechanism has been documented across a broad spectrum of human pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B virus, flaviviruses, herpesviruses, and paramyxoviruses, highlighting furin as a conserved molecular hub in host-virus interactions. Genetic variability within the FURIN gene further modulates infection outcomes. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), such as rs6226 and rs1981458, are associated with altered COVID-19 severity, whereas variants like rs17514846 confer protection against human papilloma virus infection. Conversely, mutations predicted to reduce enzymatic activity have been linked to attenuated SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in certain populations. These findings underscore the importance of considering population genetics when evaluating viral susceptibility and disease progression. Despite advances, unresolved questions remain regarding furin's non-canonical roles in viral life cycles, tissue-specific regulation, and interactions with other host proteases and immune modulators. Targeted inhibition of furin and related convertases represents a promising avenue for broad-spectrum antiviral interventions. Collectively, current evidence positions furin as a central node at the intersection of viral pathogenesis, host genetic variability, and translational therapeutic potential.},
}

*Furin/genetics/metabolism
Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
*COVID-19/genetics/virology
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
*Virus Diseases/genetics
Virus Internalization

@article {pmid41301407,
year = {2025},
author = {Yamamoto, Y and Noguchi, K},
title = {Structural Insights into the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Its Implications for Antibody Resistance.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom15111489},
pmid = {41301407},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {JP22K15284//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21fk0108568h0001//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; },
mesh = {*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/immunology/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/chemistry/genetics ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Mutation ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly affected global health and the economy. The emergence of variants with spike mutations, particularly within the receptor-binding domain (RBD), has reduced the efficacy of many neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), and recent variants, including KP.3 and other circulating strains, show partial escape from infection- or vaccine-induced immunity. To overcome this, developing broad-spectrum nAbs that target the conserved S2 subunit of the spike protein is crucial. Unlike the highly mutable RBD, the S2 region remains structurally conserved, providing a promising foundation for universal protection. Deeper insight into S2 structure and function, together with advances in bispecific antibody design, could facilitate the development of next-generation therapeutics resilient to viral evolution. This review examines the structural evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, focusing on the therapeutic potential of S2-targeting antibodies and strategies to overcome antibody resistance.},
}

*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/immunology/genetics/metabolism
Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/chemistry/genetics
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Mutation

@article {pmid41301003,
year = {2025},
author = {Codru, IR and Vecerzan, L},
title = {When and for Whom Does Intensive Care Unit Admission Change the Prognosis in Oncology?-A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers17223636},
pmid = {41301003},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Background: The intersection between oncology and intensive care has shifted from predominantly end-of-life care to a therapeutic bridge that can preserve anticancer trajectories in carefully selected patients. Yet, criteria separating benefit from futility remain fragmented. Objective: This paper seeks to map contemporary evidence (2015-2025) on outcomes after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission in adults with cancer and to identify clinical constellations in which ICU-level care still changes prognosis. Methods: PRISMA-ScR scoping review (PCC framework). PubMed search (2015-2025), dual screening, standardized extraction; narrative/thematic synthesis across six clusters (hematologic, solid tumors, sepsis/non-COVID-19 infection, COVID-19/viral pneumonia, novel/targeted-therapy toxicities, end-of-life/aggressive ICU) were used. No meta-analysis given heterogeneity. Results: Seventy-three studies (>170,000 ICU admissions) were included, mostly cohort designs across 27 countries. ICU mortality ranged 8-72% (weighted mean ≈ 41%); hospital ≈ 38%; 90-day ≈ 46%; 1-year ≈ 62%. About one third of ICU survivors resumed systemic therapy. Benefit concentrated in early admissions, single-organ failure, controlled/remission disease, postoperative/elective monitoring, and reversible treatment-related toxicities (e.g., ICI pneumonitis, CAR-T CRS/ICANS). Futility clustered around ≥3 organ supports, RRT > 7 days, refractory/progressive disease, and ECOG ≥ 3. Sepsis outcomes averaged 45-55% ICU mortality but improved with rapid recognition and source control; COVID-19 mortality was particularly high in hematologic malignancies early in the pandemic, with subsequent declines post-vaccination. Conclusions: In modern oncologic practice, ICU care changes prognosis when the acute physiological insult is reversible and cancer control remains plausible; conversely, high organ-support burden and refractory disease define practical futility thresholds. These signals support time-limited ICU trials, earlier ICU involvement for sepsis/irAEs, and embedded palliative care to align intensity with goals.},
}

@article {pmid41300871,
year = {2025},
author = {Kardjadj, M},
title = {Advances in Point-of-Care Infectious Disease Diagnostics: Integration of Technologies, Validation, Artificial Intelligence, and Regulatory Oversight.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics15222845},
pmid = {41300871},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Point-of-care (POC) infectious disease diagnostics are reshaping global health by delivering rapid, decentralized, and clinically actionable results that link bedside testing to population-level surveillance. Valued at approximately USD 53 billion in 2024 and projected to nearly double by 2033, the global POC diagnostics market is driven by infectious disease assays and accelerated by innovations in molecular amplification, biosensors, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence (AI). This review integrates current evidence across technological, clinical, regulatory, and public health domains. Immunoassays remain the backbone of volume deployment, while molecular nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and emerging CRISPR-based platforms achieve laboratory-grade sensitivity at the point of care. AI has transitioned from an experimental tool to an embedded analytical layer that enhances image interpretation, multiplex signal deconvolution, and automated quality control. Rigorous validation, including analytical accuracy, clinical performance in intended-use settings, and usability testing under CLIA guidance, remains central to ensuring reliability in decentralized environments. Regulatory frameworks are adapting in parallel: FDA's lifecycle oversight of AI-enabled devices, the European IVDR's expanded evidence requirements, and the WHO Prequalification all emphasize continuous post-market surveillance. From a public health perspective, POC diagnostics have improved early case detection, treatment initiation, and outbreak containment for HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, influenza, RSV, and COVID-19. Yet persistent challenges (including limited harmonization of standards, uneven reimbursement, and scarce real-world data from low- and middle-income countries) continue to constrain equitable adoption. POC infectious disease diagnostics are thus entering a pivotal phase of digitization and regulatory maturity. Addressing remaining gaps in validation, lifecycle monitoring, and implementation equity will determine whether these technologies achieve their full promise as clinical accelerators and as cornerstones of global infectious disease preparedness.},
}

@article {pmid41300616,
year = {2025},
author = {Chung, A and Chong, S and Chung, D and Gee, A and Stanton-Koko, M and Huang, KY},
title = {Addressing Social Determinants of Health Service Gaps in Chinese American Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/children12111499},
pmid = {41300616},
issn = {2227-9067},
support = {K01HL169419-01//National Heart Lung Blood Institute/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: This study aims to understand gaps and strategies in Chinese Americans' utilization of SDOH services in the pediatric primary care context in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, from a patient-provider partnership perspective. Methods: The study was guided by an integrated Patient-Provider Partnership, Engagement, and Collaboration (PEC) framework that influenced patient-provider interaction during the provision of SDOH services. A qualitative study design was applied, and eight quality improvement interviews with healthcare providers were conducted to understand the existing community and health service system context. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with Mandarin-speaking Chinese American caregivers. Interviews were transcribed and coded in Mandarin and then translated into English. Results: Consistent with the PEC framework, we identified cognitive, affective, and communication gaps from both the patient and provider. Caregivers reported unaddressed needs in food, financial security, and mental health. Providers identified gaps in patient workflow, staffing, and the intake form process. Conclusions: Addressing social determinants of health among Chinese American immigrant populations is crucial for mitigating poor health outcomes in children and families. Multi-level community-engaged strategies are needed to alleviate the challenges facing this community. Recommendations for future research should consider the importance of language and cultural affinity, digital intake forms translated into the patient's language, and regular on-site staffing during SDOH screenings.},
}

@article {pmid41300198,
year = {2025},
author = {Dong, T and Lucifora, C and Massimino, S and Ferraioli, F and Falzone, A and Tomaiuolo, F and Travaglino, G and Vicario, CM},
title = {Fight, Flight, or Vote Right? A Systematic Review of Threat Sensitivity in Political Conservatism.},
journal = {Brain sciences},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/brainsci15111191},
pmid = {41300198},
issn = {2076-3425},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Within the framework of social cognition, conservatism can be conceptualized as a strategy for addressing fundamental psychological needs. Therefore, it is hypothesized that individuals with conservative orientations exhibit stronger reactions to perceived threats compared to their less conservative counterparts.

AIM: To perform an exploratory scoping systematic review of existing literature examining behavioral, physiological, neurophysiological, and emotional responses associated with the relationship between conservatism and threat perception.

METHOD: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar primary databases, resulting in the inclusion of 19 relevant articles.

RESULTS: Approximately three-fifths (11 of 19 studies; 57.9%) provided empirical support for the hypothesis that conservatism is positively associated with threat sensitivity. These findings reveal a complex and nuanced relationship between conservatism and threat perception, with recent evidence-including large-scale longitudinal data and experimental manipulations of COVID-19-related threats-indicating weak or context-dependent associations. The overall pattern highlights substantial heterogeneity across methodological approaches, with mixed results particularly among physiological and priming studies.

CONCLUSIONS: While the majority of evidence supports a relationship between political conservatism and threat sensitivity, the magnitude of this association appears modest, emphasizing the importance of considering moderating variables such as cultural context, the type of threat, and methodological variations in measurement in future research.},
}

@article {pmid41299695,
year = {2025},
author = {Mishra, N and Goel, T and Gangani, N and Chugh, H and Kevadiya, B and Tiwari, M and Singh, S and Sharma, JG and Chandra, R},
title = {The virology of Omicron: pathophysiology, immune regulation, and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 sub variants.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12985-025-03020-1},
pmid = {41299695},
issn = {1743-422X},
abstract = {Since its emergence in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into multiple variants with distinct genetic and clinical features. Among them, the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages BA.2.75, JN.1.8, and KP.2 have shown enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion, while generally exhibiting reduced lower respiratory tract pathogenicity compared to earlier variants, thereby continuing to pose significant challenges to public health. In India, these variants have significantly shaped the trajectory of the pandemic, necessitating focused evaluation of their biological and clinical impact. This review aims to provide a comprehensive study on the virology, pathophysiology, and systemic manifestations of Omicron and its emerging subvariants upto July 2025. We discuss their mechanisms of entry and replication, interaction with ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors, and evasion of host immune responses. Particular emphasis is placed on multi-organ involvement beyond the respiratory system, including neuro-respiratory dysregulation, cardiovascular complications, hepatic injury, gastrointestinal disturbances, and renal dysfunction. Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of available vaccines, antiviral therapies, and diagnostic tools, alongside emerging clinical strategies such as vagus nerve stimulation, thermal modulation, and respiratory muscle training. By integrating molecular insights with clinical outcomes, this review highlights the multifaceted and systemic nature of Omicron-induced disease. We underscore the urgent need for variant-specific immunisation, early intervention strategies, and robust genomic surveillance to mitigate long-term sequelae and guide preparedness for future outbreaks.},
}

@article {pmid41299411,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, H and Kim, Y and Chung, MA and Nam, EW},
title = {Effectiveness and strategies of social prescribing in Korea using a machine learning topic modeling.},
journal = {BMC health services research},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1530},
pmid = {41299411},
issn = {1472-6963},
support = {NRF-2021R1C1C2005464//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; 2025-RISE-10-006//Ministry of Education/ ; },
}

@article {pmid41299209,
year = {2025},
author = {Trombetta, CM and Montomoli, E},
title = {High-dose influenza vaccine: enhanced protection for the elderly.},
journal = {Expert review of vaccines},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14760584.2025.2596673},
pmid = {41299209},
issn = {1744-8395},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Seasonal influenza causes up to 50 million symptomatic cases and 15,000- 70,000 deaths annually within the European Union. While influenza affects all age groups, adults aged ≥65 years disproportionately experience high rates of influenza-related hospitalizations and complications. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of influenza prevention and the most effective intervention for reducing morbidity and mortality.

AREA COVERED: This review focuses on the high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine, an enhanced formulation recommended for the immunization of adults aged 60/65 and older. The high dose vaccine contains four times the hemagglutinin antigen compared to the standard dose vaccine, resulting in significantly higher and more sustained antibody responses. This increased immunogenicity is especially pronounced in adults aged ≥75 years and in those with cardiopulmonary diseases or immunocompromised states.

EXPERT OPINION: Expanding the use of the high-dose vaccine to adults aged 50-64 years may proactively address immunosenescence and enhance protection in this population. Moreover, the development of multicomponent vaccines targeting both influenza and COVID-19 within a single formulation could enhance vaccine uptake and streamline immunization programs. Ultimately, the high-dose vaccine has the potential to replace the standard-dose formulation in older adults, thereby optimizing influenza prevention and reducing disease burden.},
}

@article {pmid41299184,
year = {2025},
author = {Warke, S and Katari, O and Jain, S},
title = {Current Status on the Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Formulation Development in Industry: A Review.},
journal = {AAPS PharmSciTech},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
pmid = {41299184},
issn = {1530-9932},
mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence/trends ; *Drug Industry/methods/trends ; Humans ; *Drug Development/methods/trends ; Machine Learning ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods ; *Drug Compounding/methods ; },
abstract = {Since Pfizer developed the mRNA vaccine for COVID-19 by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for designing the vaccine, integrating AI and allied domains in the drug development process has escalated at an unimaginable rate. Owing to the complex and time-consuming process of drug development, many firms, including big pharma and medium-scale industries, are constantly looking for ways to reduce the time for providing lifesaving medications to patients in need without compromising the safety and efficacy of the product. Formulation of novel drug products in a pharmaceutical R&D and scaling up the process to a large-scale production involves a huge investment and an eye for detail in the intricacies of the processes. Intervention of AI and machine learning (ML) can solve many problems in this aspect. With the rise of Industry 4.0, the relative shift of industry towards process automation, accelerated development has become vital in all domains. The investments in R&D by the large pharmaceutical companies reached up to $190 bn in 2024, according to a report by IQVIA. There is a noted upsurge in investments in the domains interlinking AI and ML with pharmaceutical research. Pharmaceutical formulation development can excel in the early stages, and the productivity can witness a steady growth if AI and ML tools are utilized. Most of the research in this domain remains in the budding stages, and its adoption in the industry needs further refinement by delineating structured guidance from the experts and regulatory agencies. The current review speaks about the current studies reported in the arena of formulation development and also sheds light on some of the areas where the pharmaceutical product development on a larger scale can benefit from AI and ML.},
}

*Artificial Intelligence/trends
*Drug Industry/methods/trends
Humans
*Drug Development/methods/trends
Machine Learning
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
*Drug Compounding/methods

@article {pmid41298303,
year = {2025},
author = {Hedrich, CM},
title = {Importance and Potential of Rare Disease Research in Pediatric Rheumatology and Beyond: Pushing Frontiers.},
journal = {ACR open rheumatology},
volume = {7},
number = {12},
pages = {e70138},
doi = {10.1002/acr2.70138},
pmid = {41298303},
issn = {2578-5745},
abstract = {Although individually occurring in less than 1 in 2,000 people, cumulatively, more than 7,000 rare diseases affect approximately 6% of the population worldwide. Children and young people are disproportionally challenged in number and severity, which may be explained by the large proportion of genetic conditions among rare diseases (70%-80%). Indeed, an estimated 30% of children with rare diseases do not survive past their fifth birthday. Because rare diseases are frequently missed or diagnosed with a delay of several years and <5% of rare diseases have a licensed treatment, the impact of rare diseases on the indivual affected (independent of age) and wider society is significant. To address these challenges sufficiently, rare disease expert centers combining research activity with patient care are needed to develop diagnostic tests, prognostic tools, and new treatments. This expert-driven approach promises expedited diagnosis and efficacious treatment and care. Although restricted by chronic underfunding, rare disease research keeps delivering new exciting treatment options and technologies, some of which have revolutionized care not only in niche areas of medicine but also common diseases (the use of interleukin-1 blockers in gout or COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation, etc). However, rare disease research and care will only be successful in collaborative, mutidisciplinary and multiprofessional teams that involve patients and families as equal partners and span across institutional and national borders. Lastly, the use of state-of-the-art computational approaches to share knowledge and associate molecular with clinical phenotypes, treatment responses, and disease outcomes will amplify our ability to serve patients and the society.},
}

@article {pmid41297861,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, R and Kommineni, N and Aadil, KR and Desai, N and Bunekar, N and Salave, S and Bulusu, R and Kumar, D and Vora, LK},
title = {Lipid Nanoparticle-based mRNA therapeutics for infectious diseases.},
journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {126420},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126420},
pmid = {41297861},
issn = {1873-3476},
abstract = {Infectious diseases remain one of the most pressing global health challenges, despite decades of therapeutic research. Many existing treatments are constrained by limited efficacy, adverse effects, and reduced adaptability to rapidly evolving pathogens. The COVID-19 pandemic marked a turning point in vaccine development, leading to the swift creation of mRNA vaccines delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNP-mRNA). Developed within a year and deployed globally, these vaccines demonstrated exceptional safety, efficacy, and scalability. Their success has driven significant interest in LNP-mRNA platforms for a broader range of infectious diseases. This manuscript presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in LNP-mRNA therapeutics targeting Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Zika virus, Rabies virus, and SARS-CoV-2. Key strategies to enhance mRNA stability, improve intracellular delivery, and enable controlled or targeted release are discussed. Advances in lipid nanoparticle formulation and mRNA sequence engineering are also examined, with emphasis on cell-specific and tissue-specific targeting. The manuscript further outlines current translational challenges, including optimization of LNP composition, biocompatibility, immune system interactions, and clinical development hurdles, supported by recent preclinical and clinical findings. Collectively, the findings discussed highlight the transformative potential of LNP-mRNA therapeutics in the development of next-generation, personalized treatments for infectious diseases.},
}

@article {pmid41297579,
year = {2025},
author = {Hempel, H and Xue, H and La Shu, S and Jain, S and Kemp, TJ and Pinto, LA},
title = {Cancer and COVID-19: A review of Immune Insights and Partnerships to Inform Public Health Strategy.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108252},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108252},
pmid = {41297579},
issn = {1878-3511},
abstract = {Cancer populations are highly vulnerable to respiratory viral infections (RVIs) due to disease- and treatment-related immunosuppression. SARS-CoV-2 is a particularly severe threat in this population and COVID-19 is associated with higher rates of hospitalization and mortality compared to immunocompetent individuals. Vaccination remains the most effective preventive method. However, immune responses to vaccination in cancer patients are often heterogeneous and weaker than healthy populations. While booster doses can improve the protection, vaccine effectiveness wanes over time, and some patients may not respond well, with significant variability across cancer types, cancer status and treatment regimens. These observations highlight the importance of more personalized vaccination strategies informed by a thorough understanding of immune correlates of protection, including humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity. Assessing different layers of immunity requires different experimental approaches, robust assay standardization and data harmonization. The collaborative efforts of consortia and the development of large, well-annotated biospecimen repositories can support high-resolution immune profiling, advance next-generation vaccine strategies and improve sustained protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in cancer populations.},
}

@article {pmid41295579,
year = {2025},
author = {Malebana, LF and Sepadi, MM and Mokgobu, MI},
title = {Communicable Disease Surveillance in South Africa and LMICs: A Systematic Review of Systems, Challenges, and Integration with Environmental Health.},
journal = {Tropical medicine and infectious disease},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41295579},
issn = {2414-6366},
support = {Departmental Research Funds L292//Tshwane University of Technology/ ; },
abstract = {Communicable disease surveillance systems are crucial for global health security, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where infectious disease burdens remain high. Despite disease surveillance systems being in place, the evidence on their implementation, challenges, and integration with environmental health remains fragmented. This systematic review assesses the design, implementation, and challenges of these systems across LMICs, with a focus on South Africa and the broader Sub-Saharan African region. Using PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS framework, searches across four databases identified 325 articles published between 2010 and 2025, of which 56 (17%) were included for analysis. Thematic synthesis revealed key trends, disease priorities, and surveillance tools. South Africa contributed the highest number of articles (25%), while Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 54% overall. COVID-19 was the most frequently studied disease (20%), followed by cholera, typhoid, and measles. The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) framework appeared in 25% of articles, while District Health Information Systems 2 (DHIS2) was referenced in 11%, reflecting modest adoption of digital platforms. Reported challenges included underreporting, inconsistent case definitions, limited digital infrastructure, and weak feedback mechanisms. Although integration of environmental health was widely recommended, it was marginally implemented. Overall, LMICs surveillance systems remain constrained by operational and structural limitations, underscoring the need for digital investment, environmental indicators integration, and community-based approaches to strengthen epidemic preparedness.},
}

@article {pmid41295541,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, B and Liu, Y and Chen, T and Lai, J and Liu, S and Liu, X and Zhu, Y and Rao, H and Peng, H and Ma, X},
title = {Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41295541},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {GZNL2024A01017//Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory/ ; GZNL2023A01009//Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory/ ; 82572540//National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 2024B1515020068//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; GZNL2025C01018//Major Talent Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory/ ; },
abstract = {Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1, circulate globally in an epidemic pattern and account for a substantial proportion of common cold cases, particularly in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Although clinical manifestations are typically mild, these HCoVs exhibit ongoing antigenic drift and have demonstrated the potential to cause severe diseases in certain populations, underscoring the importance of developing targeted and broad-spectrum vaccines. This review systematically examines the pathogenesis, epidemiology, genomic architecture, and major antigenic determinants of seasonal HCoVs, highlighting key differences in receptor usage and the roles of structural proteins in modulating viral tropism and host immunity. We summarize recent advances across various vaccine platforms, including inactivated, DNA, mRNA, subunit, viral-vectored, and virus-like particle (VLP) approaches, in the development of seasonal HCoV vaccines. We specifically summarize preclinical and clinical findings demonstrating variable cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV vaccines. Evidence indicates that cross-reactive humoral and cellular immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination predominantly target conserved epitopes of structural proteins, supporting strategies that incorporate conserved regions to achieve broad-spectrum protection. Finally, we discuss current challenges in pathogenesis research and vaccine development for seasonal HCoVs. We propose future directions for the development of innovative pan-coronavirus vaccines that integrate both humoral and cellular antigens, aiming to protect vulnerable populations and mitigate future zoonotic spillover threats.},
}

@article {pmid41295513,
year = {2025},
author = {Guedes-da-Silva, FH and Roncaglia-Pereira, VA and Torres, S and García, MCE and Viana, KF and Silva, JL and Oliveira, AC and Gomes, AMO},
title = {Antiviral Inactivated Vaccines: Looking to the Past to Face the Future-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41295513},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {E-26/200.340/2023//Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/ ; CNPq awards and INCT Program//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; (CAPES)//Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; },
abstract = {Throughout human history, contagious infectious diseases have significantly impacted societies, shaping the fate of great dynasties and challenging economic and political systems, social relations, and the overall well-being of the human species. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges, emerging in the context of extreme globalization and rapid technological development. The speed of viral spread, the highest absolute mortality rate caused by a viral agent in the last 100 years, and the severe economic and social consequences imposed an urgent need for vaccine development on a previously unimaginable timescale. The proven safety and efficacy of inactivated vaccines enabled the development and large-scale application of the first immunizer against SARS-CoV-2 in less than a year after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic. In this review, we discuss the importance of inactivated antiviral vaccines and their historical impact in containing highly harmful diseases affecting humanity. We also explore the cellular mechanisms by which inactivated vaccines may induce immunogenic responses against viral pathogens. In addition, we bring to light a discussion about a fast, cost-effective, potentially efficient technology for large-scale immunizer production: High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), a method long supported by decades of preclinical studies and which is especially effective in the context of enveloped viruses. Finally, we discuss the role of inactivated antiviral vaccines in the face of advances in biotechnology and, therefore, the emergence of vaccines that use genetic engineering in their production, such as RNA, DNA and viral vaccines, which have gained special prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid41295511,
year = {2025},
author = {Iwu-Jaja, C and Nkereuwem, O and Iwu, CD and Mazingisa, AV and Jaca, A and Ndwandwe, D and Wiysonge, CS},
title = {Mapping Eight Decades of Vaccination Social Science: Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {41295511},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite growing recognition of vaccination social science as essential to immunization strategies, the field's evolution, geographic distribution, and research patterns remain poorly characterized. This study provides the first comprehensive mapping of the social science literature on vaccination over eight decades.

METHODS: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed from their inception, using a systematic search strategy that combined vaccination and social science terms. Publications were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R package (version 5.0) to examine temporal trends, author productivity, institutional contributions, geographic distribution, and thematic evolution globally.

RESULTS: We retrieved 8005 eligible publications. Analysis highlighted three chronological research phases: sporadic early work (1945-1980, n = 85), sustained growth (1981-2019, n = 2743), and unprecedented expansion since the COVID-19 era (2020-2024, n = 4563). Annual publications reached a peak in 2022 (n = 1686). Research spans 146 countries but remains concentrated in high-income countries, with the United States (n = 10,230), China (n = 3796), and Canada (n = 2288) leading production. The top 20 institutions were from the United States (n = 8), United Kingdom (n = 4), and Canada (n = 3), with a few institutions from African countries. International collaboration was moderate (19.44%). Thematic analysis revealed a clear evolution from biological science (1963-1999) to socio-behavioural science, with an emphasis on vaccine hesitancy, trust, communication, and health equity (2015-2024).

CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination social science has grown steadily over the decades, with a sharp rise in research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most studies were from high-income countries, underscoring the need for enhanced social science capacity in low- and middle-income countries. As the focus of immunization efforts shifts toward issues like vaccine hesitancy and trust, broader collaboration and inclusion will be key to improving vaccine uptake worldwide.},
}

@article {pmid40523384,
year = {2025},
author = {Parpa, K and Michaelides, MA and Paludo, AC and Govindasamy, K and Intziegianni, K},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 infection on physical performance of soccer players: a systematic review.},
journal = {International journal of sports medicine},
volume = {46},
number = {14},
pages = {1037-1048},
doi = {10.1055/a-2605-5626},
pmid = {40523384},
issn = {1439-3964},
mesh = {Humans ; *Soccer/physiology ; *COVID-19/physiopathology ; *Athletic Performance/physiology ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Oxygen Consumption ; Muscle Strength ; },
abstract = {This review sought to identify the impact of COVID-19 infection on the physical performance parameters of soccer players. The systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. The following databases were searched up to the end of October 2024: MEDLINE, Scopus, Mendeley, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar. Studies conducted on professional and semi-professional adult male soccer players were considered. For a study to be included, it had to report at least one outcome measure both before and after COVID-19 infection. At the end of the screening procedure, a total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies on V̇O2 max showed mixed results. One study reported a significant (p<0.01) decrease 60 days post-infection, while others found no change or even an increase 1-year post-pandemic. Pulmonary function assessment revealed a significant (p<0.01) increase in respiratory work, whereas one study found no significant changes at rest. GPS (Global Positioning System) -based studies reported a significant (p<0.05) reduction in high-intensity accelerations, decelerations, and high-speed running post-COVID-19, while one study found no differences between infected and non-infected players. Strength, power, and anaerobic power showed no significant decline. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample sizes and limited number of studies.},
}

Humans
*Soccer/physiology
*COVID-19/physiopathology
*Athletic Performance/physiology
Male
SARS-CoV-2
Oxygen Consumption
Muscle Strength

@article {pmid40490946,
year = {2025},
author = {Kawasaki, T and Ikegawa, M and Kawai, T},
title = {Antigen-presenting cells and lung CD8[+] resident memory T cells coordinate local immune protection and shape responses to respiratory virus infection.},
journal = {International immunology},
volume = {37},
number = {11},
pages = {663-672},
doi = {10.1093/intimm/dxaf033},
pmid = {40490946},
issn = {1460-2377},
support = {20H03468//Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Animals ; *Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; *Lung/immunology/virology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology/virology ; Immunologic Memory ; *Memory T Cells/immunology ; Antigen Presentation ; *Virus Diseases/immunology ; },
abstract = {The respiratory mucosa, encompassing the lungs and nasal tissues, serves as the primary barrier against respiratory viruses. While neutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing viral entry, virus-specific CD8[+] T cells play a vital role in eliminating infected cells and inducing an antiviral state, which curbs disease progression. Among these, CD8[+] tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells persist long-term in the lungs, where they serve as first responders and rapidly expand upon secondary respiratory virus infection to provide local protection. The establishment and maintenance of lung CD8[+] TRM cells require not only local cytokine signals but also antigen presentation. Specific subsets of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial cells also influence the quality and durability of CD8[+] TRM cell responses. This review summarizes key findings on CD8[+] T-cell dynamics during respiratory viral infections, with a particular focus on CD8[+] TRM-cell formation and function. We also highlight the importance of local antigen presentation in driving TRM development and discuss how this knowledge can inform vaccine strategies aimed at eliciting robust, long-lasting mucosal immunity.},
}

Humans
*CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Animals
*Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
*Lung/immunology/virology
*Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology/virology
Immunologic Memory
*Memory T Cells/immunology
Antigen Presentation
*Virus Diseases/immunology

@article {pmid40311639,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaiser, R and Gold, C and Stark, K},
title = {Recent Advances in Immunothrombosis and Thromboinflammation.},
journal = {Thrombosis and haemostasis},
volume = {125},
number = {12},
pages = {1181-1194},
doi = {10.1055/a-2523-1821},
pmid = {40311639},
issn = {2567-689X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/blood ; *Inflammation/immunology/blood ; *Thromboinflammation/immunology/blood ; Blood Platelets/immunology/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Neutrophils/immunology ; *Thrombosis/immunology ; Blood Coagulation ; Monocytes/immunology ; },
abstract = {Inflammation and thrombosis are traditionally considered two separate entities of acute host responses to barrier breaks. While inciting inflammatory responses is a prerequisite to fighting invading pathogens and subsequent restoration of tissue homeostasis, thrombus formation is a crucial step of the hemostatic response to prevent blood loss following vascular injury. Though originally designed to protect the host, excessive induction of either inflammatory signaling or thrombus formation and their reciprocal activation contribute to a plethora of disorders, including cardiovascular, autoimmune, and malignant diseases. In this state-of-the-art review, we summarize recent insights into the intricate interplay of inflammation and thrombosis. We focus on the protective aspects of immunothrombosis as well as evidence of detrimental sequelae of thromboinflammation, specifically regarding recent studies that elucidate its pathophysiology beyond coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We introduce recently identified molecular aspects of key cellular players like neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets that contribute to both immunothrombosis and thromboinflammation. Further, we describe the underlying mechanisms of activation involving circulating plasma proteins and immune complexes. We then illustrate how these factors skew the inflammatory state toward detrimental thromboinflammation across cardiovascular as well as septic and autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Finally, we discuss how the advent of new technologies and the integration with clinical data have been used to investigate the mechanisms and signaling cascades underlying immunothrombosis and thromboinflammation. This review highlights open questions that will need to be addressed by the field to translate our mechanistic understanding into clinically meaningful therapeutic targeting.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/blood
*Inflammation/immunology/blood
*Thromboinflammation/immunology/blood
Blood Platelets/immunology/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Animals
Signal Transduction
Neutrophils/immunology
*Thrombosis/immunology
Blood Coagulation
Monocytes/immunology

@article {pmid39350556,
year = {2025},
author = {Mahajan, K and Pawar, D and Bhattacharya, S},
title = {Recent Advancements in the Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Targeting RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {32},
number = {30},
pages = {6476-6496},
pmid = {39350556},
issn = {1875-533X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry/administration & dosage ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology ; *RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Drug Delivery Systems ; Pandemics ; *Betacoronavirus/enzymology/drug effects ; *Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy/virology ; *Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy/virology ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to undertake a complete evaluation and analysis of all known data on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, concentrating on their safety, efficacy, and current improvements in the delivery of therapeutic drugs targeting RdRp of SARS-CoV-2. The work has attempted to emphasise the necessity for future research into the development of nanocarrier-based targeted drug delivery methods for RdRp inhibitors in the treatment of COVID-19. In December 2019, a novel SARSCoV- 2 strain was discovered in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 is transferable among humans and has caused a global pandemic. The rapid global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and numerous deaths caused because of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prompted the World Health Organization to announce a pandemic on March 12, 2020. COVID-19 is becoming a key concern that has a significant impact on an individual's life status. RdRp inhibitors are major pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of COVID-19, which have various undesirable side effects, a greater risk of recurrence, lower bioavailability, as well as a lack of targeted therapy. Hence, the present article has provided a review on all known data on RdRp inhibitors, safety, and efficacy, and recent advances in the delivery of therapeutic agents targeting RdRp of SARS-CoV-2. An analysis has been done using a scientific data search engine, such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/PubMed), Science Direct, Google Scholar, WIPO, Lens, etc. The information has emphasized the need for more research into the safety, efficacy, and development of nanocarrier-based targeted drug delivery systems for RdRp inhibitors in the treatment of COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry/administration & dosage
SARS-CoV-2/enzymology
*RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
COVID-19
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Drug Delivery Systems
Pandemics
*Betacoronavirus/enzymology/drug effects
*Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy/virology
*Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry
*Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy/virology

@article {pmid41295485,
year = {2025},
author = {Peng, M and Wang, Z},
title = {Vaccine-Associated Autoimmunity: From Clinical Signals to Immune Pathways.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines13111112},
pmid = {41295485},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {COVID-19 vaccination has played a pivotal role in mitigating the global health crisis and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. While its public health benefits are unequivocal, the unprecedented scale of vaccination-reaching billions worldwide-has also enabled the detection of rare autoimmune events, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Although such events occur in only a small subset of individuals, often influenced by genetic, environmental, or dosage-related factors, they underscore the importance of understanding immune tolerance mechanisms in vaccination. This review synthesizes clinical observations and immunological findings from the COVID-19 vaccination era, highlighting key mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, adjuvant-induced inflammation, bystander activation, epitope spreading, and polyclonal B cell activation. We also consider how novel vaccine platforms, particularly mRNA-based technologies, may influence immune regulation and self-tolerance. Importantly, we discuss the therapeutic management of vaccine-associated autoimmunity, including the use of corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and other immunosuppressive agents, many of which have led to favorable clinical outcomes. By integrating mechanistic insights with treatment strategies, this review emphasizes that the overall benefits of COVID-19 vaccination overwhelmingly outweigh the risks, while advocating for continued surveillance, mechanistic research, and risk stratification to inform safer and more targeted vaccination strategies in future pandemics.},
}

@article {pmid41294924,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Q and Nader, A and Peppercorn, A and Skingsley, A and Lloyd, E and Stella, AO and Walker, J and Garner, C},
title = {Clinical Pharmacology Approaches to Predict Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants.},
journal = {Clinical and translational science},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {e70421},
doi = {10.1111/cts.70421},
pmid = {41294924},
issn = {1752-8062},
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/immunology/genetics ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage/therapeutic use/immunology/pharmacology ; Pharmacology, Clinical/methods ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; },
abstract = {The onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent need for therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) development, while the rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and emergence of new variants presented a moving target for validation of efficacy. Since it is virtually impossible to conduct randomized controlled trials in the context of a continually evolving variant landscape, other sources of data can inform ongoing effectiveness and appropriate dosing of existing treatments against new variants. This may include data from in vitro neutralization testing, real-world studies, and clinical pharmacology studies. There are various clinical pharmacology approaches available to aid in dose selection of COVID-19 mAbs, and the approach used for initial dose selection may differ from that used to justify dose modifications in light of new variants. At present, there is no universally accepted approach that has been shown to work in all circumstances, and most of the available methods lack validation against clinical data. Here, we provide an overview of the different pharmacological approaches available for mAb dose selection or dose adjustments, outlining advantages and limitations of each as well as assumptions, data requirements, and key learnings for each method based on experiences with COVID-19 mAb development over the last 4 years. Future mAb development programs for COVID-19 or other viral infections with pandemic potential should take into consideration lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and devise clinical development programs that generate data to help address new emerging variants of concern in a rapidly evolving virus landscape.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/immunology/genetics
*Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*COVID-19/virology/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage/therapeutic use/immunology/pharmacology
Pharmacology, Clinical/methods
Antibodies, Neutralizing

@article {pmid41294845,
year = {2025},
author = {Kutumova, E and Akberdin, I and Lavrik, I and Kolpakov, F},
title = {Mathematical Modeling of Cell Death and Survival: Toward an Integrated Computational Framework for Multi-Decision Regulatory Dynamics.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {14},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells14221792},
pmid = {41294845},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {24-14-20031//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/virology/pathology ; *Cell Death ; Signal Transduction ; Apoptosis ; Pyroptosis ; Cell Survival ; Necroptosis ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Models, Biological ; Animals ; Autophagy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ferroptosis ; },
abstract = {Mathematical modeling is essential for understanding the complex regulatory pathways governing cell death and survival, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and immunogenic cell death (ICD)-a functional category comprising diverse morphological types capable of activating immune responses. The growing number of models describing individual signaling pathways poses the challenge of integrating them into a cohesive framework. This review aims to identify common components across existing ordinary differential equation models that could serve as key nodes to merge distinct signaling modalities. Proposed models highlight Bcl-2, Bax, Ca[2], and p53 as shared regulators linking autophagy and apoptosis. Necroptosis and apoptosis are interconnected via TNF signaling network and modulated by caspase-8, c-FLIP, and NFκB, with RIPK1 acting as a critical hub directing pathway choice. Pyroptosis and apoptosis are co-regulated by NFκB, tBid, and caspases, while ferroptosis is modeled exclusively as an independent process, separate from other forms of cell death. Furthermore, existing models indicate that ICD intersects with necroptosis during oncolytic virotherapy, with pyroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and with apoptosis in the context of chemotherapy. Although several models address crosstalk between pairs of cell fate decisions, creating comprehensive frameworks that encompass three or more death modes remains an open challenge.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/virology/pathology
*Cell Death
Signal Transduction
Apoptosis
Pyroptosis
Cell Survival
Necroptosis
*Models, Theoretical
*Models, Biological
Animals
Autophagy
SARS-CoV-2
Ferroptosis

@article {pmid41294766,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, A and Goel, S and Chaudhary, A and Dutt, S and Mishra, VK and Kumar, R},
title = {Artificial Intelligence-Based Wearable Sensing Technologies for the Management of Cancer, Diabetes, and COVID-19.},
journal = {Biosensors},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bios15110756},
pmid = {41294766},
issn = {2079-6374},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy ; *Wearable Electronic Devices ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/therapy ; *Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; },
abstract = {Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with wearable sensor technologies can revolutionize the monitoring and management of various chronic diseases and acute conditions. AI-integrated wearables are categorized by their underlying sensing techniques, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, chemical, optical, and pressure/stain. AI algorithms enhance the efficacy of wearable sensors by offering personalized, continuous supervision and predictive analysis, assisting in time recognition, and optimizing therapeutic modalities. This manuscript explores the recent advances and developments in AI-powered wearable sensing technologies and their use in the management of chronic diseases, including COVID-19, Diabetes, and Cancer. AI-based wearables for heart rate and heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and temperature sensors are reviewed for their potential in managing COVID-19. For Diabetes management, AI-based wearables, including continuous glucose monitoring sensors, AI-driven insulin pumps, and closed-loop systems, are reviewed. The role of AI-based wearables in biomarker tracking and analysis, thermal imaging, and ultrasound device-based sensing for cancer management is reviewed. Ultimately, this report also highlights the current challenges and future directions for developing and deploying AI-integrated wearable sensors with accuracy, scalability, and integration into clinical practice for these critical health conditions.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy
*Wearable Electronic Devices
*Artificial Intelligence
*Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/therapy
*Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
*Biosensing Techniques
Monitoring, Physiologic

@article {pmid41293155,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao, J and He, K and Chen, Z and Xu, H and Wei, J and Yan, X and Song, B},
title = {Interleukin-37 in respiratory diseases: molecular mechanisms and immune modulation.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1675791},
pmid = {41293155},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunomodulation ; COVID-19/immunology ; },
abstract = {Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial protective role in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases though its unique dual intracellular and extracellular action pathways. This review highlights the significance of IL-37 in common respiratory diseases. Specifically, IL-37 can alleviate asthma by inhibiting Th2/Th17 immune responses, inhibiting the release of epithelial-derived alarmins (TSLP and IL-33), and attenuating airway remodeling. In pulmonary infections, IL-37 modulates host responses by mitigating virus-induced hyperinflammation and inhibiting viral replication, as observed in COVID-19 and influenza, while also regulating immunopathology in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and fungal infections. Moreover, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), IL-37 directly suppresses tumor proliferation and migration, and restrains tumor progression through immunomodulation and angiogenesis regulation. In pulmonary fibrosis, IL-37 reduces collagen deposition and promotes autophagy, thereby counteracting interstitial fibrosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that IL-37 serves as a crucial immunomodulator in respiratory diseases, and targeting IL-37 offers novel insights and strategic opportunities for clinical intervention. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms of IL-37 and discusses its clinical therapeutic potential.},
}

Humans
*Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism
Animals
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Immunomodulation
COVID-19/immunology

@article {pmid41292679,
year = {2025},
author = {Ellis Sandoval, N and Peña Martinez, MI and Fernandez Cea, AB and Hernandez Rincon, EH},
title = {Effects on Prolonged Screen Time on Postural Health and Visual Health in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Orthopedic research and reviews},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {553-562},
pmid = {41292679},
issn = {1179-1462},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To explore the long-term impact of prolonged screen exposure on postural and visual health in children and adolescents.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A scoping review was conducted in December 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and BIREME, focusing on articles from 2019 to 2024 in English and Spanish. The studies were categorized into visual and postural health domains and synthesized through graphs and tables. A total of 27 articles were analyzed. The snowball method was used to complement the literature search.

RESULTS: The studies revealed a 55.3% increase in the use of portable electronic devices following the COVID-19 pandemic. Reported consequences included eye strain, computer vision syndrome, and musculoskeletal pain, especially in the cervical and lumbar regions. These effects were more prevalent in urban populations in Asia.

CONCLUSION: Prolonged screen time significantly affects children's visual and postural health. These findings highlight the need for public health policies to guide and regulate screen use in young populations and to educate parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.},
}

@article {pmid41292053,
year = {2025},
author = {Recker, F and Neubauer, R and Adams, J and Ludwig, S and Taran, FA and Groten, T},
title = {Medical education in obstetrics and gynecology: A global update from 2025.},
journal = {Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/aogs.70105},
pmid = {41292053},
issn = {1600-0412},
abstract = {As medical knowledge and technologies rapidly evolve, curricula have become increasingly dense, and designing effective OB-GYN education that prepares learners for diverse medical careers within limited timeframes is a global challenge. This review provides an international overview of contemporary medical education in obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) across undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing professional development levels. A narrative review of recent peer-reviewed literature, international guidelines, and global initiatives (2023-2025) was conducted, identifying key innovations, trends, and challenges in OB-GYN education worldwide, with a focus on curriculum reforms, competency-based education, simulation, telemedicine, AI applications, global standardization, and equity-oriented initiatives. Undergraduate OB-GYN curricula are increasingly standardized, integrating core competencies, early clinical exposure, and reproductive health. Postgraduate training adopts competency-based frameworks, enhanced by simulation, virtual reality, and tele-education, while continuing medical education has shifted toward flexible digital platforms and structured credentialing. Innovations, such as AI-driven learning tools, simulation drills, and telemedicine-based training, have improved skill acquisition, and global bodies, such as FIGO, RCOG, and ACOG, promote curriculum harmonization and equity. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digital adoption but revealed gaps in surgical training and support. Overall, OB-GYN education is in a transformative phase, marked by technology, standardization, and equity, yet significant disparities persist, especially in resource-limited settings. Continued global collaboration, investment in educational infrastructure, and adaptive curriculum development are essential to prepare OB-GYN professionals for evolving clinical demands and healthcare inequities in the postpandemic era.},
}

@article {pmid41291773,
year = {2025},
author = {Howes, E and Smith, SG and Gillies, K and Zhang, L and Farrin, AJ},
title = {'Lessons learned' from trialists who adapted a complex intervention for remote delivery within a trial as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.},
journal = {Trials},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {548},
pmid = {41291773},
issn = {1745-6215},
support = {MR/W006049/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, complex interventions being evaluated in randomised controlled trials were often rapidly adapted from in-person to remote delivery. Such adaptations to intervention delivery have the potential to cause unintended consequences and affect important aspects of trial generalisability and interpretation. This scoping review aimed to identify the 'lessons learned' from trialists who adapted and remotely delivered a complex intervention within a trial because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaining a better understanding of trialists' experiences of adapting interventions for remote delivery will identify where more in-depth investigation and guidance is needed.

METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review guidelines were followed. The search was developed for MEDLINE and adapted for Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane. Data were extracted on study characteristics, methods reported to adapt interventions, and the challenges and facilitators of the process of adaptation and remote intervention delivery. Data on remote intervention delivery were organised using the upper level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology.

RESULTS: Fifteen articles were eligible for inclusion describing insights from 16 randomised controlled trials, across a range of populations and trial designs. Most discussion focused on challenges and facilitators of the remote delivery of the complex intervention. These included privacy and safety concerns of intervention delivery within the home setting, and technological issues of remote delivery via video call. The most frequently reported facilitator was the use of an environmental inventory before intervention delivery to check the space in which participants were located, and the materials available to them.

CONCLUSION: Suitability of an intervention for remote delivery depends not only on whether it is originally delivered via a digital technology, but also the extent to which it requires human facilitation and support. Privacy and safety concerns in the home environment could impact trial participation in a remotely delivered intervention. Further research is needed to explore how trialists can effectively prepare for and manage the challenges of remote intervention delivery. Guidance developed to support adaptation of an intervention for remote delivery within a trial should be specific to the mode of delivery used.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods
Telemedicine
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid41291364,
year = {2025},
author = {Roedl, K and Warnke, K and Hardel, T and Haar, M and Jarczak, D and Karakas, M and Kluge, S and , },
title = {[Awake prone position in critically ill patients-a practice recommendation].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41291364},
issn = {2193-6226},
abstract = {In cases of severe pneumonia, prone positioning therapy has been shown to have a positive effect in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a positive effect was demonstrated in patients who did not yet require mechanical ventilation (endotracheal intubation) and who received prone positioning therapy before these measures were taken (awake prone positoning). Currently, the influence of awake prone positioning therapy in patients without COVID-19 has not been sufficiently investigated. This recommendation aims to explain the indications, side effects, contraindications, and implementation of awake prone positioning in conscious critically ill patients.},
}

@article {pmid41289884,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, C and Yang, Q and Shen, Y and Xu, M},
title = {Multidimensional review of viral infectious ocular diseases: Post-Pandemic epidemiology and future directions for control.},
journal = {Molecular aspects of medicine},
volume = {106},
number = {},
pages = {101428},
doi = {10.1016/j.mam.2025.101428},
pmid = {41289884},
issn = {1872-9452},
abstract = {Viral Infectious Ocular Diseases (VIODs) remain a major global cause of vision loss, ranging from highly transmissible conjunctivitis to blinding keratitis and complex neuro-ophthalmic syndromes. Furthermore, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent reported ocular diseases have fundamentally changed the landscape of VIOD epidemiology and management. Epidemiological data indicate heterogeneous effects on common infections such as Adenoviral conjunctivitis due to varying compliance with hygiene measures. Concurrently, systemic immunological events, notably those induced by COVID-19 infection or certain vaccinations, have been linked to the reactivation of latent Alphaherpesviruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers a significantly improved diagnostic yield (up to 92.7 % in some cohorts) for complex infectious keratitis compared to conventional methods, providing an unbiased tool crucial for timely, targeted treatment. Therapeutic challenges are defined by the persistent threat of antiviral resistance, primarily driven by mutations in the viral Thymidine Kinase (TK) gene. To overcome poor ocular bioavailability, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), such as Acyclovir-loaded Niosomes and Cubosomes, show promise by enabling sustained drug release and enhanced corneal permeation. Effective future VIOD control requires a multi-pronged strategy integrating robust global surveillance, rapid deployment of advanced molecular diagnostics, and the clinical implementation of resistance-beating therapies delivered via optimized nanocarrier platforms. This review provides the current understanding of VIODs, focusing on the epidemiological shifts observed post-2020, advancements in molecular diagnostics, challenges posed by antiviral resistance, and the emergence of next-generation therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41288892,
year = {2025},
author = {Okoli, GN and Askin, N and Rabbani, R},
title = {Treatment of Non-severe COVID-19 with Molnupiravir: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials.},
journal = {Clinical drug investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41288892},
issn = {1179-1918},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The evidence on molnupiravir for the treatment of adults with nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains underexplored. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of clinically relevant outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of molnupiravir for treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 in adults.

METHODS: We searched for publications of RCTs of molnupiravir for nonsevere COVID-19 in appropriate bibliographic databases up to 1 February 2025. We pooled appropriate data utilizing an inverse variance, random-effects model, with results expressed as relative risk (RR) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and statistical heterogeneity between pooled estimates calculated using the I[2] statistic. We appropriately conducted risk of bias assessment for the included RCTs and graded the quality of pooled evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

RESULTS: Out of 680 screened literature citations, nine RCTs involving a total of 30,971 patients met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. The majority (78%) of these RCTs were of a low risk of bias. We determined that there was more viral clearance with molnupiravir treatment compared with placebo or no treatment (RR 1.08 [95% CI 1.01-1.16], I[2] 40.8%, five RCTs, 1785 patients, moderate quality evidence) and that treatment with molnupiravir did not reduce the risk of hospitalization (RR 0.73 [95% CI 0.47-1.14], I[2] 58.3%, five RCTs, 28,626 patients; high quality evidence), and all-cause mortality (RR 0.51 [95% CI 0.15-1.69], I[2] 36.8%, four RCTs, 27,445 patients; high quality evidence). We also determined that molnupiravir did not increase adverse or serious adverse reactions. However, TSA suggested more RCTs should be conducted before any conclusions can be reached for viral clearance, all-cause mortality, and adverse reactions, but that further RCTs on the risk of hospitalization and serious adverse reactions may not be needed.

DISCUSSION: Notwithstanding a paucity of RCTs, our findings suggest that molnupiravir may only be efficacious for clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; the virus responsible for COVID-19) in adults with nonsevere COVID-19 although the evidence is not sufficient for conclusions to be drawn. More high quality RCTs are needed for a stronger evidence base.},
}

@article {pmid41288547,
year = {2025},
author = {Medina-Inojosa, JR and Chacin Suarez, AS and Murtala, AB and Hicks, JB and Harris, K and Bennett, J and Sperling, LS},
title = {COVID-19 Pandemic: Wake-up Call and Accelerator for Cardiac Rehabilitation.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cjca.2025.10.002},
pmid = {41288547},
issn = {1916-7075},
abstract = {Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a cornerstone of secondary prevention in cardiovascular care, improving survival, reducing rehospitalization, and enhancing quality of life. Despite robust evidence and strong guideline support, CR remains markedly underutilized in Canada and globally, with significant disparities by sex, race, geography, and socioeconomic status. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted more than three-quarters of CR programs worldwide, exposing deep-rooted limitations in access, infrastructure, and delivery models. At the same time, the pandemic served as a catalyst for innovation. Rapid implementation of virtual, home-based, and hybrid models demonstrated that CR could be delivered flexibly and effectively beyond traditional settings. This review synthesizes emerging evidence and policy responses, highlighting opportunities to modernize CR delivery while embedding equity, patient-centeredness, and digital innovation into routine care. We conclude that the future of CR must be inclusive, technology-enabled, and integrated into the broader continuum of preventive care. The lessons of the pandemic offer a roadmap-and a renewed imperative-to close longstanding gaps and reimagine cardiac rehabilitation for all who need it.},
}

@article {pmid41288364,
year = {2025},
author = {Casadevall, A and Mattoon, ER and Sullivan, D and Joyner, MJ and Franchini, M and Focosi, D},
title = {Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: planning for the next pandemic using the worldwide experience.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0006024},
doi = {10.1128/cmr.00060-24},
pmid = {41288364},
issn = {1098-6618},
abstract = {SUMMARYCOVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was the first specific therapy deployed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. CCP was successfully deployed in both resource-poor and resource-rich countries, establishing that convalescent plasma (CP) is a feasible option for combating the next pandemic. CCP reduced mortality and progression to hospitalization when used early in the disease with high-titer units. This knowledge was gained from a worldwide effort that included more than 50 countries. However, the deployment of CCP was haphazard and varied among countries. Clinical studies suffered from a lack of standardization regarding study design, CCP antibody dosing, timing of administration, and participant disease severity. Unfortunately, the hard-won knowledge from the serum therapy era in the early 20th century, which indicated that effective antibody therapy requires early use in the disease with a sufficient antibody dose, was largely forgotten. Many studies tested CCP late in the disease or without sufficient antibody titer and thus reported negative findings. Trial heterogeneity made it difficult to combine the results of studies. However, despite tremendous heterogeneity in study design and participant populations, meta-analysis revealed strong signals of efficacy when given early with high antiviral-specific antibody levels. When the next pandemic occurs, humanity is likely to resort to CP again. To avoid another chaotic rollout, planning for CP use should begin well before that emergency arrives and must involve both physician education on the principles of antibody therapy and clinical trial designs that test its efficacy in optimal conditions, which include early use with sufficient antibody doses.},
}

@article {pmid41287814,
year = {2025},
author = {Sirjohn, N and Sharma, G and Chand, D and Choi, KY and Thakur, P and Thakur, V and Thakur, MS and Kulshreshtha, S and Patel, SKS and Kumar, P},
title = {Harnessing microbial factories for withaferin-a: the future of plant-based oncotherapeutics.},
journal = {3 Biotech},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {446},
pmid = {41287814},
issn = {2190-572X},
abstract = {Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), a member of the Solanaceae family, produces bioactive metabolites known as withanolides, predominantly synthesized in its leaves and roots. Among these, Withaferin-A is a major pharmacologically active compound with demonstrated efficacy across diverse preclinical models. It exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral (including COVID-19), and neuroprotective activities through modulation of oncoproteins and cell signalling pathways. Notably, its specificity toward tumour-associated antigens and immune regulators positions Withaferin-A as a potential alternative to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which often present severe side effects and resistance issues. This review critically explores the biosynthetic routes of Withaferin-A, encompassing chemical synthesis, natural extraction, and microbial production, while also emphasizing strategies for yield optimization through biotechnological interventions. Furthermore, we discuss the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic challenges of Withaferin-A, highlighting formulation and delivery strategies aimed at enhancing its clinical applicability. Overall, the review outlines its translational potential and provides a roadmap for future therapeutic and clinical integration.},
}

@article {pmid41287121,
year = {2025},
author = {Maher, LC and Ryan, PM and Caplice, NM},
title = {Adipose Tissue in SARS-CoV-2 Viral Tropism, Viral Replication, and the Concept of a Viral Reservoir: An Update.},
journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/oby.70093},
pmid = {41287121},
issn = {1930-739X},
abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, obesity has been consistently associated with worse clinical outcomes. In 2020, we hypothesized that adipose tissue (AT) might serve as a viral reservoir and amplifier of immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Five years on, accumulating evidence supports this hypothesis. Recent autopsy and in vitro studies support that SARS-CoV-2 disseminates to and may replicate within human adipocytes. While several studies have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins in AT, the recovery of infectious virus from this tissue has not yet been demonstrated. This remains a critical gap in our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 viral tropism and replication within adipocytes. Viral entry is mediated via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and neuropilin-1 receptors. Infected AT exhibits immune cell infiltration and cytokine activation, implicating it in systemic inflammation. Persistent viral RNA in AT correlates with prolonged metabolic dysfunction. These findings highlight the dual role of AT as a potential viral reservoir and immunometabolic organ. Understanding these mechanisms is critical to mitigating the long-term impact of COVID-19 and guiding responses to future pandemics involving metabolically active tissues.},
}

@article {pmid41286802,
year = {2025},
author = {Felgner, S and Handrock, JF and Schroll, CC and Schütte, F and Henschke, C},
title = {Decision-making regarding dental treatments - What factors matter from patients' perspective? A systematic review.},
journal = {BMC oral health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12903-025-07032-9},
pmid = {41286802},
issn = {1472-6831},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Achieving oral health for the population should be a concern of public health care systems, as it may affect their expenditures in the long term. Patients often face individual challenges in dental care. Why patients decide for or against dental treatments can be determined by many factors, e.g., their own financial resources, preferences, and external circumstances. This cross-country study aims to identify those factors.

METHODS: We systematically searched for literature in the biomedical databases PubMed (including MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify factors influencing dental treatment decisions across different countries. Factors of choice were extracted from relevant articles to develop a codebook for subsequent qualitative analysis using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) statements.

RESULTS: After multistage screening of N = 4,226 publications by two reviewers, N = 233 relevant articles of different study designs (qualitative (N = 42), quantitative (N = 177), and mixed-methods (N = 14)) were included in the analysis. Data collection was realized across different settings (e.g., dental practices (N = 18)) and approaches (e.g., interviews) in 49 countries. Included articles focused on specific treatments (e.g., caries treatment) or treatments in general (e.g., dental tourism). Across the countries, various factors of choice (n = 101) were identified, divided into three categories: (I) "Dentist & dental institution" (e.g., communication), (II) "Patient" (e.g., dental fear), and (III) "Treatment" (e.g., durability). The factors 'out-of-pocket payment' and 'dental fear' were identified in most of the articles (N = 136, N = 64) and were mentioned most frequently (code frequencies: n = 151, n = 73). In countries with the most articles (e.g., the UK (N = 28), Saudi Arabia (N = 23), the USA (N = 22), India (N = 19), and Brazil (N = 14)), also 'out-of-pocket payment' was identified most often (e.g., the UK: in 56% of the articles; India: 68%). Frequency of the factor 'dental fear' varied by country. One publication addressed the COVID-19 pandemic. It reported that treatment appointments were postponed and canceled by patients due to their fear of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The quality of the included studies varied considerably.

CONCLUSIONS: A range of factors influence patients' choice regarding dental treatments. Understanding patients' motivation for seeking dental care can guide the development of interventions (e.g., awareness campaigns and health literacy efforts) that support proactive dental care. To improve oral health outcomes and reduce access barriers, tailored regulatory and informational strategies are essential.},
}

@article {pmid41260636,
year = {2025},
author = {Adashi, EY and O'Mahony, DP and Cohen, IG},
title = {National Drug Shortages: Remedial Executive and Legislative Initiatives.},
journal = {Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM},
volume = {38},
number = {4},
pages = {757-760},
doi = {10.3122/jabfm.2024.240327R2},
pmid = {41260636},
issn = {1558-7118},
mesh = {*Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution ; United States ; },
abstract = {Medication shortages constitute an ongoing threat to patient care across the United States and affect nearly every aspect of health care. National drug shortages have been a recurring challenge of the US health care system but were markedly aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Federal executive and legislative efforts to bolster the resiliency of the pharmaceutical supply chain have thus far fallen short. This Commentary reviews the leading executive and legislative initiatives proposed during the 118[th] Congress and the Biden administration to protect the national drug supply in the hope of avoiding future shortages. It will be up to the new (119th) Congress and presidential administration to take up this issue again and pursue remediation of the nation's drug shortage problem. The health of the nation demands action by policy makers to mitigate drug shortages that give rise to discontinuity of care and thereby to a compromise of the national state of health.},
}

*Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence
*Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution
United States

@article {pmid40864193,
year = {2025},
author = {Djassemi, N and Hanisch, B and Motta, C and Maghzian, N and Vatsayan, A and Durkee-Shock, JR and Keller, MD},
title = {Harnessing virus-specific T cells: expanding therapeutic strategies across diverse populations.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {9},
number = {23},
pages = {5965-5975},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013727},
pmid = {40864193},
issn = {2473-9537},
mesh = {Humans ; *T-Lymphocytes/immunology/transplantation ; *Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; Immunocompromised Host ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods/adverse effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Adoptive Transfer/methods ; },
abstract = {Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has been used for managing viral diseases in immunocompromised patients, including those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation. Clinical trials targeting viruses such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and BK virus have demonstrated effective viral control without the toxicities associated with conventional antiviral therapies. This review explores the manufacturing, feasibility, safety, and efficacy of VSTs, complemented by 2 case studies illustrating their real-world application. We examine recent advancements in VST manufacturing that broaden their accessibility and applicability to a wider range of viral infections and immunocompromised populations. Key safety considerations, including cytokine release syndrome and graft-versus-host disease, are discussed. Lastly, we assess the expanding applications of VSTs against emerging viral targets, such as COVID-19, and address current barriers to their implementation beyond the research setting.},
}

Humans
*T-Lymphocytes/immunology/transplantation
*Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19/therapy/immunology
Immunocompromised Host
*Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods/adverse effects
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
*Adoptive Transfer/methods

@article {pmid40257046,
year = {2025},
author = {Scrivani, K and Fu, JS},
title = {A Systematic Review of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Communication Research: Implications for Resilience Communication and Organizing.},
journal = {Health communication},
volume = {40},
number = {14},
pages = {3021-3047},
doi = {10.1080/10410236.2025.2490315},
pmid = {40257046},
issn = {1532-7027},
mesh = {Humans ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology/prevention & control ; *Resilience, Psychological ; COVID-19/psychology ; *Communication ; Social Support ; Social Stigma ; Social Networking ; Social Identification ; },
abstract = {Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the psychological response to experiencing and/or witnessing a traumatic event. With over 100 million of the global adult population afflicted with this disorder, more systematic research on PTSD is essential, and the COVID-19 pandemic increased that need. Extant research suggests communication lies at the center of PTSD prevention, symptom mitigation, and recovery, yet communication researchers have largely failed to address the disorder. To advance theory and empirical research, this paper presents a systematic review of PTSD studies in communication literature. Content and computational analyses of 84 relevant articles from three databases show that PTSD research primarily focuses on the military, journalists, and survivors of terrorist attacks. In addition, those with PTSD rely on social networks and support to combat social stigma and self-isolation. Based on these findings, we present four fruitful areas for future research on PTSD across diverse subfields: (1) social networks, (2) diverse populations, (3) social identity, and (4) resilience.},
}

Humans
*Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology/prevention & control
*Resilience, Psychological
COVID-19/psychology
*Communication
Social Support
Social Stigma
Social Networking
Social Identification

@article {pmid40155317,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, H and Bowblis, JR and Li, S and Heston-Mullins, J and Kuo, YF and Goodwin, JS},
title = {Changes in Federal and State Policies on Visitation Restrictions in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society},
volume = {44},
number = {12},
pages = {2027-2034},
pmid = {40155317},
issn = {1552-4523},
support = {P30 AG024832/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG081282/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG087296/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Nursing Homes/legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration ; *Visitors to Patients/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; State Government ; *Homes for the Aged ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Aged ; *Health Policy ; Organizational Policy ; },
abstract = {Visitation restrictions in nursing homes were a major policy intervention in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study conducted a systematic review of the changes in federal and state visitation policies. After the federal recommendations restricting all visitors and non-essential healthcare personnel, 31 states implemented state-wide indoor visitation bans in March and April of 2020. Federal guidance changed in September 2020 and again after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in early 2021. State visitation bans were lifted from 6/15/2020 to 11/2/2020, lasting an average of 163 days. When lifting bans, most states required that nursing homes have no resident COVID-19 cases and implement mitigation measures during the visit. Resident COVID-19 infection rates decreased by an average of 7.2 cases per 10,000 residents per week in the six weeks before state bans were lifted (p = .003). Large variations in state bans call for more consistent policy implementation in a future pandemic.},
}

*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
Humans
*Nursing Homes/legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration
*Visitors to Patients/legislation & jurisprudence
United States/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
State Government
*Homes for the Aged
Pandemics/prevention & control
Aged
*Health Policy
Organizational Policy

@article {pmid41287229,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, Y and Shukla, D and Newman, H and Zhu, Y},
title = {Soft wearable sensors for monitoring symptoms of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases: a review.},
journal = {Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/2516-1091/ac2eae},
pmid = {41287229},
issn = {2516-1091},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has put extraordinary stress on medical systems and global society more broadly. The condition of infected patients may deteriorate rapidly due to overburdened hospital systems. This raises an urgent need for real-time and remote monitoring of physiological parameters to address the challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This review will present recent progress on soft wearable sensors that can potentially be used for monitoring respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. First, emerging monitoring devices and systems that can monitor key physiological parameters as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (e.g. body temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation and body movement) are reviewed. Then, multimodal sensor systems consisting of two or more correlative sensors are presented. This review will conclude with challenges and future directions for wearable sensors for the diagnosis and therapy of respiratory diseases. While this review focuses on COVID-19, the sensing technologies reviewed can be applicable to other respiratory diseases such as H1N1 influenza.},
}

@article {pmid41286694,
year = {2025},
author = {Leite, A and Kislaya, I and Machado, A and Aguiar, P and Nunes, B and Dias, CM},
title = {Use of quasi-experimental studies to evaluate causal effects of public health interventions in Portugal: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC medical research methodology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {263},
pmid = {41286694},
issn = {1471-2288},
mesh = {Humans ; Portugal/epidemiology ; *Public Health/methods/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Research Design ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Interrupted Time Series Analysis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Quasi-experimental designs are a valid option to assess causal effects of public health interventions when randomized studies are unfeasible, but not widely used in Portugal. We identified and reviewed characteristics of studies employing quasi-experimental designs to evaluate causal effects of public health interventions in Portugal.

METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and CINHAL were searched, alongside grey literature, reference mining and contact of authors of eligible studies. We extracted information on the intervention assessed, study design, outcomes assessed, statistical analysis and reporting guidelines.

RESULTS: We identified 1143 studies; 25 were eligible. Studies assessed interventions in various areas, mainly healthcare services (28.0%), drugs/tobacco consumption policy (20.0%), and COVID-19 related restrictions (20.0%). Studies employed interrupted time series (56.0%) and difference-in-differences designs (44.0%). Analyses utilised regression-based models, namely linear (48.0%), negative binominal (20.0%) and logistic (12.0%). Studies analysed 53 outcomes, with two outcomes per study on average. No reporting guidelines were mentioned.

CONCLUSIONS: There is a limited number of studies using quasi-experimental designs to estimate the causal effects of public health interventions in Portugal, mainly interrupted time series and difference-in-differences. Training in this area might promote the adequate use and dissemination of quasi-experimental studies.},
}

Humans
Portugal/epidemiology
*Public Health/methods/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Research Design
SARS-CoV-2
Interrupted Time Series Analysis

@article {pmid41285857,
year = {2025},
author = {Green, R and Marjenberg, Z and Lip, GYH and Banerjee, A and Wisnivesky, J and Delaney, BC and Peluso, MJ and Wynberg, E and Abduljawad, S},
title = {A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of vaccination on prevention of long COVID.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {10326},
pmid = {41285857},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology/virology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Immunization, Secondary ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccination ; Odds Ratio ; },
abstract = {Long COVID affects millions worldwide and its prevention is a critical public health strategy. While prior analyses show primary vaccination prevents long COVID in subsequent infections, the effect of booster vaccination on long COVID after Omicron infections is unclear. This systematic review identifies 31 observational studies, of which 11 are suitable for pairwise meta-analyses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of long COVID in those vaccinated (any dose) versus unvaccinated is 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.85; p < 0.0001; 10 studies). ORs were also lower for primary course vaccination versus unvaccinated (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.79-0.83; p < 0.0001; 3 studies), booster vaccination versus unvaccinated (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.63-0.86; p = 0.0001; 4 studies), and booster vaccination versus primary course vaccination (OR 77; 95% CI 0.65-0.92; p = 0.0044; 3 studies). These findings indicate that booster vaccination can provide additional protection against long COVID, highlighting the importance of seasonal vaccination against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. They should, however, be interpreted cautiously, given the small number of studies and the low quality of evidence.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology/virology/epidemiology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
Immunization, Secondary
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Vaccination
Odds Ratio

@article {pmid41285208,
year = {2025},
author = {Lou, J and Wu, Z and Cheng, Y and Li, M and Liu, N and Wang, Z and Gao, X and Zheng, A and Zhang, H},
title = {Recent advances in freeze-drying technologies for mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases.},
journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {126426},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126426},
pmid = {41285208},
issn = {1873-3476},
abstract = {Currently, the storage and transportation of mRNA vaccines typically rely on ultra-low temperature conditions. To improve their stability and extend shelf life, recent studies have been devoted to converting liquid formulations into solid forms using drying technology. Among them, freeze-drying (lyophilization) is an effective strategy that freezes samples and removes moisture through primary (sublimation) and secondary (desorption) drying stages, maximally preserving the structural integrity and biological activity of mRNA vaccines. The significant reduction in moisture content effectively inhibits the rate of hydrolysis of mRNA, which is considered the primary factor contributing to the instability of mRNA vaccines. However, the freeze-drying process itself and its accompanying stresses pose key challenges, involving many critical variables closely related to formulation composition, process parameters, and manufacturing environment. This paper systematically reviews the application of different freeze-drying technologies in mRNA vaccines and the optimization strategy of lyophilized mRNA vaccines, aiming to provide theoretical foundation and guidance for optimizing freeze-drying processes, enhancing vaccine stability and expanding their application scope.},
}

@article {pmid41284960,
year = {2025},
author = {Matthews, R and Ellul, MA and McKeever, S and Pollack, T and Houlihan, C and Thakur, KT and Hsiang-Yi Chou, S and Frontera, JA and Saylor, DR and Chomba, M and Moro, E and Ray, STJ and Semple, MG and Smith, CJ and Turner, MR and Bullmore, E and Carson, A and Buchan, I and Breen, G and Solomon, T and Nicholson, TR and Pett, S and Thomas, RH and Michael, BD},
title = {Global & Community Health: What Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Teach Us About Neurologic Surveillance Approaches, and How Should We Be Better Prepared?.},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {105},
number = {12},
pages = {e214431},
doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000214431},
pmid = {41284960},
issn = {1526-632X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Global Health ; *Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Pandemics ; *Population Surveillance/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {It is well recognized that many pandemic viruses are associated with neurologic complications, most recently with COVID-19. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologic surveillance platforms were implemented to characterize the complications of COVID-19. Surveillance platforms are invaluable in providing timely data, informing clinical practice, and directing future research. Lessons learned from recent neurologic surveillance networks include the importance of global and cross-specialty collaboration. It is critical for future surveillance systems to consider these aspects, as it will also serve to improve representation of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and communities. Trainees played a critical role in the success of neurologic surveillance networks; as frontline health care workers, they were able to provide timely data collection, and their fresh insights are important for future pandemic surveillance system development. In this article, we review the methods of recent neurologic surveillance networks and discuss their strengths and limitations. We explore the outlook for pandemic surveillance platforms and the crucial role global collaboration plays in ensuring that LMICs are represented. We review the role of trainees in pandemic surveillance networks and discuss how it is vital to encourage their continued involvement to ensure that, as future health care leaders, they are prepared to manage future pandemics effectively.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Global Health
*Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis
Pandemics
*Population Surveillance/methods
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41284385,
year = {2025},
author = {Pineda, RC and Martin, P and Khor, K and Regino, JM and Smith, L and Ramirez, RF and Sy, MP},
title = {Interprofessional collaboration competency development in healthcare students during clinical placements in the time of COVID-19: a mixed methods systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of interprofessional care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/13561820.2025.2576239},
pmid = {41284385},
issn = {1469-9567},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented challenges to the clinical education of healthcare students. Although alternative clinical placements were developed and introduced, it is unclear whether students successfully acquired interprofessional competencies required to be collaborative practice-ready healthcare workers. We examined interprofessional collaboration competency acquisition from adapted and alternative clinical placements that were made available to pre-qualification healthcare students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information searches from online databases and supplementary sources identified 20 articles that met criteria. Student perceptions indicate that these alternative placements supported the learning of interprofessional collaboration competencies. Outcomes mapped against the updated Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative Competency Framework indicate that the most frequently reported interprofessional collaboration competency was team communication and the least reported were collaborative leadership and team differences/disagreements processing. Although gains in interprofessional collaboration competencies were reported across the studies, their methodological shortcomings make it difficult to determine whether alternative placements (e.g. online and telephone-based) were better or comparable to traditional placements (i.e. with face-to-face interactions), for interprofessional collaboration competency development. These findings suggest the need for further research assessing the effectiveness and sustainability of alternative placement models. A greater understanding of clinical placement alternatives could inform educational practices in future pandemics or other unprecedented events.},
}

@article {pmid41284231,
year = {2025},
author = {Patra, S and Rajadurai, R and Fayyaz, S and Hagan, G},
title = {Silent Threats: Understanding the Impact of Respiratory Viruses on the Ageing Population.},
journal = {British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)},
volume = {86},
number = {11},
pages = {1-31},
doi = {10.12968/hmed.2024.0918},
pmid = {41284231},
issn = {1750-8460},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Aging ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {Respiratory viruses are an important cause of acute respiratory illnesses in older adults. The spectrum of illness may range from pneumonia to an exacerbation of underlying respiratory disease or acute bronchitis. Respiratory viruses can account for a significant proportion of chest infections. However, respiratory viruses, either acting as primary pathogens or in conjunction with bacterial infections, are often underdiagnosed due to less frequent viral testing compared to bacterial infections. Hitherto neglected, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought into sharp focus and generated interest in respiratory viruses and their burden in all age groups. This article addresses this interest and summarises the most prevalent and emerging respiratory viruses affecting the elderly. There is a general overview as well as specific information on how to approach, identify, and treat these viruses. We will also discuss the latest guidance on vaccination, as well as adjunctive tests like procalcitonin and point-of-care testing and the niche that these occupy in the diagnosis and management of chest infections.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Aged
SARS-CoV-2
*Aging
*Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis

@article {pmid41284008,
year = {2025},
author = {Pinar Kuzucu, E and Ates, MB and Agbas, A and Yilmaz, EK and Saygili, S and Ozluk, Y and Canpolat, N},
title = {Viral tubulointerstitial nephritis in children: A narrative review with a focus on adenovirus.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41284008},
issn = {1432-198X},
abstract = {Viral infections are well-known causes of systemic illness in children, but their kidney involvement, particularly acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), remain underdiagnosed and clinically underestimated. A wide range of viruses has been implicated in pediatric TIN, including Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, BK virus, parvovirus B19, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2. Among these, adenovirus stands out for its potential to cause severe kidney injury. Delayed diagnosis remains a challenge due to nonspecific symptoms and limited use of kidney biopsy. Heightened clinical suspicion and early virologic work-up are essential to enable timely intervention and improve outcomes. This narrative review aims to raise awareness of viral-associated TIN in the pediatric population, with a specific focus on adenovirus. In addition to summarizing cases identified from the existing literature, we present two pediatric cases with biopsy-confirmed TIN: one in a kidney transplant recipient and the other in a previously healthy infant, illustrating the broad clinical spectrum of the disease.},
}

@article {pmid41283508,
year = {2025},
author = {Castañeda-Casimiro, J and Vallejo-Castillo, L and Peregrino, ES and Hernández-Solis, A and Vázquez-Flores, L and Chacón-Salinas, R and Wong-Baeza, I and Serafín-López, J},
title = {N-Glycosylation of Antibodies: Biological Effects During Infections and Therapeutic Applications.},
journal = {Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41283508},
issn = {2073-4468},
abstract = {Antibodies are produced by cells of the adaptive immune response and recognize epitopes of microbial structures with high affinity and specificity. Antibodies are recognized by Fc fragment receptors (FcRs) found on the surface of phagocytic cells (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) and NK cells, among others. Hence, antibodies link the adaptive immune response with the innate immune response. The functions of antibodies are related to the N-glycosylation profile of these proteins. In this review, we describe how N-glycosylation of the Fc fragment of the different antibody classes is carried out, and which oligosaccharides are most commonly found in these antibodies. Subsequently, we summarize the biological effects of N-glycosylation of antibodies: on the binding of antibodies to FcRs (which affects various functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent phagocytosis, and the production of pro- or anti-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines), on the ability of antibodies to activate complement and on the ability of some antibodies to directly neutralize the adhesion of bacteria and viruses to host cells (independently of Fab recognition). We describe how the N-glycosylation profile of antibodies is modified during certain infections (such as tuberculosis, COVID-19, influenza and dengue) and in response to vaccination, and the potential use of this profile to identify the stage and severity of an infection. Finally, we review the importance of N-glycosylation for the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profiles of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.},
}