@article {pmid37253656,
year = {2023},
author = {Valdetaro, L and Thomasi, BBM and Ricciardi, MCG and Santos, KM and Coelho-Aguiar, JM and Tavares Gomes, AL},
title = {Enteric nervous system as a target and source of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.00229.2022},
pmid = {37253656},
issn = {1522-1547},
abstract = {Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, great efforts have been made by the academic community to better understand SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 features. COVID-19 has been demonstrated to affect several systems of the human body, including the gastrointestinal and nervous systems. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a division of the autonomic nervous system that extends throughout the gut, regulates gastrointestinal function, and is therefore involved in most gut dysfunctions, including those resulting from many viral infections. In this regard, growing evidence highlights enteric glial cells and microbiota as important players in gut inflammation and dysfunction. Moreover, its influence may not be restricted to the gastrointestinal environment. In recent years, ENS and microbiota have also been implicated as players in the systemic inflammatory state and in the initiation and propagation of several CNS pathologies, which seem to be hallmarks of COVID-19. In this review, we aim to discuss the possible mechanisms by which ENS may be involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology based mainly on previous findings in other viral infections, such as other human coronavirus infections.},
}

@article {pmid37252646,
year = {2023},
author = {Jungmann, PM and Lange, T and Wenning, M and Baumann, FA and Bamberg, F and Jung, M},
title = {Ankle Sprains in Athletes: Current Epidemiological, Clinical and Imaging Trends.},
journal = {Open access journal of sports medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {29-46},
pmid = {37252646},
issn = {1179-1543},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Ankle injuries are frequent sports injuries. Despite optimizing treatment strategies during recent years, the percentage of chronification following an ankle sprain remains high. The purpose of this review article is, to highlight current epidemiological, clinical and novel advanced cross-sectional imaging trends that may help to evaluate ankle sprain injuries.

METHODS: Systematic PubMed literature research. Identification and review of studies (i) analyzing and describing ankle sprain and (ii) focusing on advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques at the ankle.

RESULTS: The ankle is one of the most frequently injured body parts in sports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a change in sporting behavior and sports injuries. Ankle sprains account for about 16-40% of the sports-related injuries. Novel cross-sectional imaging techniques, including Compressed Sensing MRI, 3D MRI, ankle MRI with traction or plantarflexion-supination, quantitative MRI, CT-like MRI, CT arthrography, weight-bearing cone beam CT, dual-energy CT, photon-counting CT, and projection-based metal artifact reduction CT may be introduced for detection and evaluation of specific pathologies after ankle injury. While simple ankle sprains are generally treated conservatively, unstable syndesmotic injuries may undergo stabilization using suture-button-fixation. Minced cartilage implantation is a novel cartilage repair technique for osteochondral defects at the ankle.

CONCLUSION: Applications and advantages of different cross-sectional imaging techniques at the ankle are highlighted. In a personalized approach, optimal imaging techniques may be chosen that best detect and delineate structural ankle injuries in athletes.},
}

@article {pmid37252469,
year = {2023},
author = {Kundu, P and Gupta, N and Sood, N},
title = {The Fragile Patient: Considerations in the Management of Invasive Mould Infections (IMIs) in India.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e38085},
pmid = {37252469},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Invasive mould infections (IMIs), which are mostly caused by Aspergillus spp. and Mucormycetes, are opportunistic infections that impose a substantial threat to patients who are considered to be 'fragile'. There is no fixed definition for fragile patients; however, patients with cancer or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), patients who have undergone organ transplants, and patients being treated in the intensive care units (ICUs) were considered fragile. Management of IMIs in fragile patients is challenging, owing to their compromised immune status. The diagnostic challenges associated with IMIs due to insufficient sensitivity and specificity of the current diagnostic tests lead to delayed treatment. A widening demographic of at-risk patients and a broadening spectrum of pathogenic fungi have added to the challenges to ascertain a definite diagnosis. A recent surge of mucormycosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and the resultant steroid usage has been reported. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) is the mainstay for treating mucormycosis while voriconazole has displaced amphotericin B as the mainstay for treating Aspergillus infection due to its better response, improved survival, and fewer severe side effects. The selection of antifungal treatment has to be subjected to more scrutiny in fragile patients owing to their comorbidities, organ impairment, and multiple ongoing treatment modalities. Isavuconazole has been documented to have a better safety profile, stable pharmacokinetics, fewer drug-drug interactions, and a broad spectrum of coverage. Isavuconazole has thus found its place in the recommendations and can be considered a suitable option for treating fragile patients with IMIs. In this review, the authors have critically appraised the challenges in ascertaining an accurate diagnosis and current management considerations and suggested an evidence-based approach to managing IMIs in fragile patients.},
}

@article {pmid37252063,
year = {2023},
author = {Rupprecht, CE and Mshelbwala, PP and Reeves, RG and Kuzmin, IV},
title = {Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism.},
journal = {Animal diseases},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {15},
pmid = {37252063},
issn = {2731-0442},
abstract = {Rabies is an ancient disease. Two centuries since Pasteur, fundamental progress occurred in virology, vaccinology, and diagnostics-and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health-before common terminological coinage. Prevention, control, selective elimination, and even the unthinkable-occasional treatment-of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first century. However, in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest, eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons are minion. Polyhostality encompasses bats and mesocarnivores, but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential hosts. While rabies virus is the classical member of the genus, other species of lyssaviruses also cause the disease. Some reservoirs remain cryptic. Although global, this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often ignored. As with other neglected diseases, laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Calculation of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic models. Competing priorities, lack of defined, long-term international donors, and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies impacts. For prevention, all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual, whether parenteral or oral-essentially 'one and done'. Exploiting mammalian social behaviors, future 'spreadable vaccines' might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit effort. However, the release of replication-competent, genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological, ethical, and regulatory issues in need of broader, transdisciplinary discourse. How this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention, control, or elimination in the near term remains debatable. In the interim, more precise terminology and realistic expectations serve as the norm for diverse, collective constituents to maintain progress in the field.},
}

@article {pmid37251489,
year = {2023},
author = {Su, Y},
title = {Delving into EFL teachers' digital literacy and professional identity in the pandemic era: Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {e16361},
pmid = {37251489},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The recent decades have witnessed an accelerated pace of educational development due to the advancement of digital technology. The recent inclusive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced this development, resulting in the emergence of an educational revolution that extensively uses online courses. These changes entail figuring out how teachers' digital literacy has expanded along with this phenomenon. In addition, given the new technological advances in recent years, an upheaval has taken place in teachers' understanding of their dynamic roles, which is known as professional identity. Professional identity influences teaching practices with special consideration devoted to English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is considered an effective framework whereby the incorporation of technology into different theoretical situations such as EFL classes is understood. This initiative was introduced as an academic structure to improve the knowledge base, which helps the teachers to efficiently teach using technology. This yields important insight for teachers, particularly, English teachers, who can use them to improve three aspects of education, namely, technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge. Along the same lines, this paper aims to consider the relevant literature on the contribution of teacher identity and literacy to teaching practices, using the TPACK framework. Accordingly, some implications are presented to educational stakeholders such as teachers, learners, and material developers.},
}

@article {pmid37251387,
year = {2023},
author = {Huang, Z and Zhang, Y and Li, H and Zhu, J and Song, W and Chen, K and Zhang, Y and Lou, Y},
title = {Vaccine development for mosquito-borne viral diseases.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1161149},
pmid = {37251387},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Mosquito-borne viral diseases are a group of viral illnesses that are predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes, including viruses from the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families. In recent years, outbreaks caused by Dengue and Zika viruses from the Flaviviridae family, and Chikungunya virus from the Togaviridae family, have raised significant concerns for public health. However, there are currently no safe and effective vaccines available for these viruses, except for CYD-TDV, which has been licensed for Dengue virus. Efforts to control the transmission of COVID-19, such as home quarantine and travel restrictions, have somewhat limited the spread of mosquito-borne viral diseases. Several vaccine platforms, including inactivated vaccines, viral-vector vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, protein vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines, are being developed to combat these viruses. This review analyzes the various vaccine platforms against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and provides valuable insights for responding to potential outbreaks.},
}

@article {pmid37251383,
year = {2023},
author = {Wang, M and Yu, F and Chang, W and Zhang, Y and Zhang, L and Li, P},
title = {Inflammasomes: a rising star on the horizon of COVID-19 pathophysiology.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1185233},
pmid = {37251383},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a contagious respiratory virus that is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has posed a serious threat to public health. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild cold-like symptoms, severe pneumonia or even death. Inflammasomes are supramolecular signaling platforms that assemble in response to danger or microbial signals. Upon activation, inflammasomes mediate innate immune defense by favoring the release of proinflammatory cytokines and triggering pyroptotic cell death. Nevertheless, abnormalities in inflammasome functioning can result in a variety of human diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. A growing body of evidence has showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce inflammasome assembly. Dysregulated inflammasome activation and consequent cytokine burst have been associated with COVID-19 severity, alluding to the implication of inflammasomes in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Accordingly, an improved understanding of inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cascades in COVID-19 is essential to uncover the immunological mechanisms of COVID-19 pathology and identify effective therapeutic approaches for this devastating disease. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and inflammasomes and the contribution of activated inflammasomes to COVID-19 progression. We dissect the mechanisms involving the inflammasome machinery in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. In addition, we provide an overview of inflammasome-targeted therapies or antagonists that have potential clinical utility in COVID-19 treatment.},
}

@article {pmid37251376,
year = {2023},
author = {Cecchinato, V and Martini, V and Pirani, E and Ghovehoud, E and Uguccioni, M},
title = {The chemokine landscape: one system multiple shades.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1176619},
pmid = {37251376},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Leukocyte trafficking is mainly governed by chemokines, chemotactic cytokines, which can be concomitantly produced in tissues during homeostatic conditions or inflammation. After the discovery and characterization of the individual chemokines, we and others have shown that they present additional properties. The first discoveries demonstrated that some chemokines act as natural antagonists on chemokine receptors, and prevent infiltration of leukocyte subsets in tissues. Later on it was shown that they can exert a repulsive effect on selective cell types, or synergize with other chemokines and inflammatory mediators to enhance chemokine receptors activities. The relevance of the fine-tuning modulation has been demonstrated in vivo in a multitude of processes, spanning from chronic inflammation to tissue regeneration, while its role in the tumor microenvironment needs further investigation. Moreover, naturally occurring autoantibodies targeting chemokines were found in tumors and autoimmune diseases. More recently in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the presence of several autoantibodies neutralizing chemokine activities distinguished disease severity, and they were shown to be beneficial, protecting from long-term sequelae. Here, we review the additional properties of chemokines that influence cell recruitment and activities. We believe these features need to be taken into account when designing novel therapeutic strategies targeting immunological disorders.},
}

@article {pmid37251107,
year = {2023},
author = {Yosep, I and Mardhiyah, A and Sriati, A},
title = {Mindfulness Intervention for Improving Psychological Wellbeing Among Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1425-1437},
pmid = {37251107},
issn = {1178-2390},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic can cause mental health problems such as stress, social anxiety, depression, and decrease social life on students. Mental health problems need to be taken seriously to develop the stage of development and improve the psychological well-being of students on learning in the school. The aim of this study was to explore mindfulness interventions to improve psychological well-being among students. This study used the Scoping Review method. Literature from CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The keywords used in English are psychological wellbeing, students, and mindfulness. The inclusion criteria were full text, study design randomized control trial or quasi-experimental, English language, population and sample were students, and the publication period is the last 10 years (2013-2022). From 2194 articles based on initial research, we found 10 articles were analyzed related to mindfulness interventions consisting of several methods, namely internet-based mindfulness, mindfulness-based intervention, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Most of samples the study from the United States with the range samples were 20-166 students. Mindfulness interventions can be carried out improve the psychological well-being of students. Mindfulness therapy is done by fully concentrating the mind in meditation so that it can improve psychological health. Providing mindfulness therapy involves health workers such as nurses and psychologists to provide comprehensive therapy covering both physical and psychological aspects.},
}

@article {pmid37250901,
year = {2023},
author = {Liu, J and Ali, MK and Mao, Y},
title = {Emerging role of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of lung disease.},
journal = {Frontiers in cell and developmental biology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1149499},
pmid = {37250901},
issn = {2296-634X},
abstract = {Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenously expressed RNAs longer than 200 nt that are not translated into proteins. In general, lncRNAs bind to mRNA, miRNA, DNA, and proteins and regulate gene expression at various cellular and molecular levels, including epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation. LncRNAs play important roles in many biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, migration, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, regulation of cell cycle, and cellular differentiation, and have become an important topic of study in genetic research in health and disease due to their close link with the development of various diseases. The exceptional stability, conservation, and abundance of lncRNAs in body fluids, have made them potential biomarkers for a wide range of diseases. LncRNA MALAT1 is one of the best-studied lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancers and cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that aberrant expression of MALAT1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung cancers, and pulmonary hypertension through different mechanisms. Here we discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of MALAT1 in the pathogenesis of these lung diseases.},
}

@article {pmid37250438,
year = {2023},
author = {Marino, G and Iannelli, L},
title = {Seven years of studying the associations between political polarization and problematic information: a literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in sociology},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {1174161},
pmid = {37250438},
issn = {2297-7775},
abstract = {This literature review examines the intersection between political polarization and problematic information, two phenomena prominent in recent events like the 2016 Trump election and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed 68 studies out of over 7,000 records using quantitative and qualitative methods. Our review revealed a lack of research on the relationship between political polarization and problematic information and a shortage of theoretical consideration of these phenomena. Additionally, US samples and Twitter and Facebook were frequently analyzed. The review also found that surveys and experiments were commonly used, with polarization significantly predicting problematic information consumption and sharing.},
}

@article {pmid37250369,
year = {2023},
author = {Devi, SM and Pamreddy, A and Narendra, VR},
title = {Risks associated with acute pancreatitis (AP) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in COVID-19 patients: a literature review.},
journal = {Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {135-146},
pmid = {37250369},
issn = {2251-6581},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has become a global pandemic, and medical experts are scrambling to understand the wide range of symptoms and consequences of the virus. Although acute pancreatitis (AP) and pancreatic damage have been associated with SARS-CoV-2, the mechanism behind this is still unclear. The current article explores whether COVID-19 is an additional cause of AP and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The article illustrates the conditions associated with AP and DKA among COVID-19 patients and diabetes mellitus (DM). Another critical condition is acute kidney injury (AKI), often associated with DKA.

METHODS: A search strategy for the article was assigned and retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2020 to June 2022. The articles which discussed case studies on AP, DKA, and AKI were included in the study.

RESULTS: The present review of 24 reported case studies represented conditions of AP (12), DKA (5), AP and DKA (5), AP and AKI (1), and DKA and AKI (1) among COVID-19 participants, and showed a potential relationship between the complications.

CONCLUSION: Healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic plays a major role among AP, DKA, and AKI-associated COVID-19 patients. A compilation of case studies suggests effective management of COVID-19 infection-related complications such as AP, DKA, and AKI.},
}

@article {pmid37250231,
year = {2023},
author = {Garcia, A and Santa-Helena, E and De Falco, A and de Paula Ribeiro, J and Gioda, A and Gioda, CR},
title = {Toxicological Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5): Health Risks and Associated Systemic Injuries-Systematic Review.},
journal = {Water, air, and soil pollution},
volume = {234},
number = {6},
pages = {346},
pmid = {37250231},
issn = {0049-6979},
abstract = {Previous studies focused on investigating particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) have shown the risk of disease development, and association with increased morbidity and mortality rates. The current review investigate epidemiological and experimental findings from 2016 to 2021, which enabled the systemic overview of PM2.5's toxic impacts on human health. The Web of Science database search used descriptive terms to investigate the interaction among PM2.5 exposure, systemic effects, and COVID-19 disease. Analyzed studies have indicated that cardiovascular and respiratory systems have been extensively investigated and indicated as the main air pollution targets. Nevertheless, PM2.5 reaches other organic systems and harms the renal, neurological, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Pathologies onset and/or get worse due to toxicological effects associated with the exposure to this particle type, since it can trigger several reactions, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress generation and genotoxicity. These cellular dysfunctions lead to organ malfunctions, as shown in the current review. In addition, the correlation between COVID-19/Sars-CoV-2 and PM2.5 exposure was also assessed to help better understand the role of atmospheric pollution in the pathophysiology of this disease. Despite the significant number of studies about PM2.5's effects on organic functions, available in the literature, there are still gaps in knowledge about how this particulate matter can hinder human health. The current review aimed to approach the main findings about the effect of PM2.5 exposure on different systems, and demonstrate the likely interaction of COVID-19/Sars-CoV-2 and PM2.5.},
}

@article {pmid37250083,
year = {2023},
author = {Hastenreiter Filho, HN and Peres, IT and Maddalena, LG and Baião, FA and Ranzani, OT and Hamacher, S and Maçaira, PM and Bozza, FA},
title = {What we talk about when we talk about COVID-19 vaccination campaign impact: a narrative review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1126461},
pmid = {37250083},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The lack of precise definitions and terminological consensus about the impact studies of COVID-19 vaccination leads to confusing statements from the scientific community about what a vaccination impact study is.

OBJECTIVE: The present work presents a narrative review, describing and discussing COVID-19 vaccination impact studies, mapping their relevant characteristics, such as study design, approaches and outcome variables, while analyzing their similarities, distinctions, and main insights.

METHODS: The articles screening, regarding title, abstract, and full-text reading, included papers addressing perspectives about the impact of vaccines on population outcomes. The screening process included articles published before June 10, 2022, based on the initial papers' relevance to this study's research topics. The main inclusion criteria were data analyses and study designs based on statistical modelling or comparison of pre- and post-vaccination population.

RESULTS: The review included 18 studies evaluating the vaccine impact in a total of 48 countries, including 32 high-income countries (United States, Israel, and 30 Western European countries) and 16 low- and middle-income countries (Brazil, Colombia, and 14 Eastern European countries). We summarize the main characteristics of the vaccination impact studies analyzed in this narrative review.

CONCLUSION: Although all studies claim to address the impact of a vaccination program, they differ significantly in their objectives since they adopt different definitions of impact, methodologies, and outcome variables. These and other differences are related to distinct data sources, designs, analysis methods, models, and approaches.},
}

@article {pmid37241068,
year = {2023},
author = {Droc, G and Martac, C and Buzatu, CG and Jipa, M and Punga, MD and Isac, S},
title = {Orthotopic Liver Transplantation of a SARS-CoV-2 Negative Recipient from a Positive Donor: The Border between Uncertainty and Necessity in a Pandemic Era- Case Report and Overview of the Literature.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {59},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {37241068},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; *COVID-19 ; *Liver Transplantation ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Uncertainty ; },
abstract = {(1) Introduction: Liver transplantation represents the gold-standard therapy in eligible patients with acute liver failure or end-stage liver disease. The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically affected the transplantation landscape by reducing patients' addressability to specialized healthcare facilities. Since evidence-based acceptance guidelines for non-lung solid organ transplantation from SARS-CoV-2 positive donors are lacking, and the risk of bloodstream-related transmission of the disease is debatable, liver transplantation from SARS-CoV-2 positive donors could be lifesaving, even if long-term interactions are unpredictable. The aim of this case report is to highlight the relevance of performing liver transplantation from SARS-CoV-2 positive donors to negative recipients by emphasizing the perioperative care and short-term outcome. (2) Case presentation: A 20-year-old female patient underwent orthotropic liver transplantation for Child-Pugh C liver cirrhosis secondary to overlap syndrome, from a SARS-CoV-2 positive brain death donor. The patient was not infected nor vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and the titer of neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein was negative. The liver transplantation was performed with no significant complications. As immunosuppression therapy, the patient received 20 mg basiliximab (Novartis Farmacéutica S.A., Barcelona, Spain) and 500 mg methylprednisolone (Pfizer Manufacturing Belgium N.V, Puurs, Belgium) intraoperatively. Considering the risk of non-aerogene-related SARS-CoV-2 reactivation syndrome, the patient received remdesivir 200 mg (Gilead Sciences Ireland UC, Carrigtohill County Cork, Ireland) in the neo-hepatic stage, which was continued with 100 mg/day for 5 days. The postoperative immunosuppression therapy consisted of tacrolimus (Astellas Ireland Co., Ltd., Killorglin, County Kerry, Ireland) and mycophenolate mofetil (Roche România S.R.L, Bucharest, Romania) according to the local protocol. Despite the persistent negative PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 in the upper airway tract, the blood titer of neutralizing antibodies turned out positive on postoperative day 7. The patient had a favorable outcome, and she was discharged from the ICU facility seven days later. (3) Conclusions: We illustrated a case of liver transplantation of a SARS-CoV-2 negative recipient, whose donor was SARS-CoV-2 positive, performed in a tertiary, university-affiliated national center of liver surgery, with a good outcome, in order to raise the medical community awareness on the acceptance limits in the case of COVID-19 incompatibility for non-lung solid organs transplantation procedures.},
}

Adult
Female
Humans
Young Adult
Antibodies, Neutralizing
*COVID-19
*Liver Transplantation
Pandemics/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
Uncertainty

@article {pmid35953263,
year = {2023},
author = {Aletaha, D and Kerschbaumer, A and Kastrati, K and Dejaco, C and Dougados, M and McInnes, IB and Sattar, N and Stamm, TA and Takeuchi, T and Trauner, M and van der Heijde, D and Voshaar, M and Winthrop, KL and Ravelli, A and Betteridge, N and Burmester, GR and Bijlsma, JW and Bykerk, V and Caporali, R and Choy, EH and Codreanu, C and Combe, B and Crow, MK and de Wit, M and Emery, P and Fleischmann, RM and Gabay, C and Hetland, ML and Hyrich, KL and Iagnocco, A and Isaacs, JD and Kremer, JM and Mariette, X and Merkel, PA and Mysler, EF and Nash, P and Nurmohamed, MT and Pavelka, K and Poor, G and Rubbert-Roth, A and Schulze-Koops, H and Strangfeld, A and Tanaka, Y and Smolen, JS},
title = {Consensus statement on blocking interleukin-6 receptor and interleukin-6 in inflammatory conditions: an update.},
journal = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases},
volume = {82},
number = {6},
pages = {773-787},
doi = {10.1136/ard-2022-222784},
pmid = {35953263},
issn = {1468-2060},
support = {G1001518/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; COVID-19 ; Interleukin-6 ; *Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors ; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset/drug therapy ; *Inflammation/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Targeting interleukin (IL)-6 has become a major therapeutic strategy in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Interference with the IL-6 pathway can be directed at the specific receptor using anti-IL-6Rα antibodies or by directly inhibiting the IL-6 cytokine. This paper is an update of a previous consensus document, based on most recent evidence and expert opinion, that aims to inform on the medical use of interfering with the IL-6 pathway.

METHODS: A systematic literature research was performed that focused on IL-6-pathway inhibitors in inflammatory diseases. Evidence was put in context by a large group of international experts and patients in a subsequent consensus process. All were involved in formulating the consensus statements, and in the preparation of this document.

RESULTS: The consensus process covered relevant aspects of dosing and populations for different indications of IL-6 pathway inhibitors that are approved across the world, including rheumatoid arthritis, polyarticular-course and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, adult-onset Still's disease, Castleman's disease, chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell-induced cytokine release syndrome, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and severe COVID-19. Also addressed were other clinical aspects of the use of IL-6 pathway inhibitors, including pretreatment screening, safety, contraindications and monitoring.

CONCLUSIONS: The document provides a comprehensive consensus on the use of IL-6 inhibition to treat inflammatory disorders to inform healthcare professionals (including researchers), patients, administrators and payers.},
}

Adult
Humans
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
COVID-19
Interleukin-6
*Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset/drug therapy
*Inflammation/drug therapy

@article {pmid34382906,
year = {2023},
author = {Farsimadan, M and Motamedifar, M},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 effects on male reproduction: should men be worried??.},
journal = {Human fertility (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {50-60},
doi = {10.1080/14647273.2021.1962986},
pmid = {34382906},
issn = {1742-8149},
abstract = {The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has placed a global challenge on both healthcare and society. So far, studies have shown that men are more prone to become ill than women and are more likely to die compared to female patients. Higher rates of positive cases and fatality in men than women have drawn the attention of scientists to investigate the possible impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system. In this review, we tried to summarise so far findings on the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive function to further assess the potential risks of this novel coronavirus on male reproductive health.},
}

@article {pmid34114919,
year = {2023},
author = {Kirubarajan, A and Patel, P and Tsang, J and Prethipan, T and Sreeram, P and Sierra, S},
title = {The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility care: a qualitative systematic review.},
journal = {Human fertility (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {61-68},
doi = {10.1080/14647273.2021.1938245},
pmid = {34114919},
issn = {1742-8149},
abstract = {The objective of this systematic review was to characterise psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic related to fertility care. We conducted a systematic search following PRISMA guidelines of five databases (EMBASE, Medline-OVID, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) from March 17[th] 2020 to April 10[th] 2021. Citing articles were also hand-searched using Scopus. Of the 296 original citations, we included fifteen studies that encompassed 5,851 patients seeking fertility care. Eleven studies only included female participants, while four included both male and female participants. The fifteen studies unanimously concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic caused negative psychological impacts on fertility care. Risk factors included female sex, single marital state, previous ART failure, prior diagnoses of anxiety or depression, and length of time trying to conceive. Specific concerns included the worry and frustration of clinic closure, concerns about pregnancy and COVID-19 infection, and advancing age. There were contrasting beliefs on whether the decision to stop fertility treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic was justified. In addition, we found that many patients preferred to resume fertility treatment, despite anxieties regarding the risk of the COVID-19 virus. We recommend that fertility providers screen patients for risk factors for poor mental health and tailor support for virtual care.},
}

@article {pmid37250046,
year = {2023},
author = {Lotti, V and Lagni, A and Diani, E and Sorio, C and Gibellini, D},
title = {Crosslink between SARS-CoV-2 replication and cystic fibrosis hallmarks.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1162470},
pmid = {37250046},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the etiological cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, can cause severe illness in certain at-risk populations, including people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Nevertheless, several studies indicated that pwCF do not have higher risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection nor do they demonstrate worse clinical outcomes than those of the general population. Recent in vitro studies indicate cellular and molecular processes to be significant drivers in pwCF lower infection rates and milder symptoms than expected in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These range from cytokine releases to biochemical alterations leading to morphological rearrangements inside the cells associated with CFTR impairment. Based on available data, the reported low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pwCF is likely a result of several variables linked to CFTR dysfunction, such as thick mucus, IL-6 reduction, altered ACE2 and TMPRSS2 processing and/or functioning, defective anions exchange, and autophagosome formation. An extensive analysis of the relation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pwCF is essential to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this lower-than-expected infection impact and to possibly suggest potential new antiviral strategies.},
}

@article {pmid37249402,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhong, Q and Zheng, C and Yi, K and Mintz, RL and Lv, S and Tao, Y and Li, M},
title = {Structural and componential design: new strategies regulating the behavior of lipid-based nanoparticles in vivo.},
journal = {Biomaterials science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d3bm00387f},
pmid = {37249402},
issn = {2047-4849},
abstract = {Lipid-based nanoparticles have made a breakthrough in clinical disease as delivery systems due to their biocompatibility, thermal and long-term stability, high loading ability, simplicity of preparation, inexpensive production costs, and scalable manufacturing production. In particular, during the COVID-19 pandemic, this delivery system served as a vital vaccine component for virus confrontation. To obtain effective drug delivery, lipid-based nanoparticles should reach the desired sites with high efficiency, enter target cells, and release drugs. The structures and compositions of lipid-based nanoparticles can be modified to regulate these behaviors in vivo to enhance the therapeutic effects. Herein, we briefly review the development of lipid-based nanoparticles, from simple self-assembled nanovesicle-structured liposomes to multifunctional lipid nanoparticles. Subsequently, we summarize the strategies that regulate their tissue distribution, cell internalization, and drug release, highlighting the importance of the structural and componential design. We conclude with insights for further research to advance lipid-based nanotechnology.},
}

@article {pmid37249296,
year = {2023},
author = {Al-Kuraishy, HM and Hussien, NR and Al-Niemi, MS and Fahad, EH and Al-Buhadily, AK and Al-Gareeb, AI and Al-Hamash, SM and Tsagkaris, C and Papadakis, M and Alexiou, A and Batiha, GE},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 induced HDL dysfunction may affect the host's response to and recovery from COVID-19.},
journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {e861},
doi = {10.1002/iid3.861},
pmid = {37249296},
issn = {2050-4527},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Covid-19 is linked with the development of cardio-metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, dysregulation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, SARS-Co-2 infection is associated with noteworthy changes in lipid profile, which is suggested as a possible biomarker to support the diagnosis and management of Covid-19.

METHODS: This paper adopts the literature review method to obtain information about how Covid-19 affects high-risk group patients and may cause severe and critical effects due to the development of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A narrative and comprehensive review is presented.

RESULTS: Reducing HDL in Covid-19 is connected to the disease severity and poor clinical outcomes, suggesting that high HDL serum levels could benefit Covid-19. SARS-CoV-2 binds HDL, and this complex is attached to the co-localized receptors, facilitating viral entry. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce the development of dysfunctional HDL through different mechanisms, including induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. In turn, the induction of dysfunctional HDL induces the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and oxidative stress, increasing Covid-19 severity.

CONCLUSIONS: Covid-19 is linked with the development of cardio-metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia in general and dysregulation of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein. Therefore, the present study aimed to overview the causal relationship between dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein and Covid-19.},
}

@article {pmid37249286,
year = {2023},
author = {Malekpour, M and Khanmohammadi, S and Meybodi, MJE and Shekouh, D and Rahmanian, MR and Kardeh, S and Azarpira, N},
title = {COVID-19 as a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A review of the molecular mechanism.},
journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {e875},
doi = {10.1002/iid3.875},
pmid = {37249286},
issn = {2050-4527},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic with serious complications. After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several post-acute COVID-19 syndromes (PACSs) and long-COVID sequels were reported. PACSs involve many organs, including the nervous, gustatory, and immune systems. One of the PACSs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The incidence rate of GBS after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination is low. However, the high prevalence of COVID-19 and severe complications of GBS, for example, autonomic dysfunction and respiratory failure, highlight the importance of post-COVID-19 GBS. It is while patients with simultaneous COVID-19 and GBS seem to have higher admission rates to the intensive care unit, and demyelination is more aggressive in post-COVID-19 GBS patients. SARS-CoV-2 can trigger GBS via several pathways like direct neurotropism and neurovirulence, microvascular dysfunction and oxidative stress, immune system disruption, molecular mimicry, and autoantibody production. Although there are few molecular studies on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of GBS occurrence after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, we aimed to discuss the possible pathomechanism of post-COVID-19 GBS by gathering the most recent molecular evidence.},
}

@article {pmid37248942,
year = {2023},
author = {de Lima Barroso, BI and da Silva, CAA and Mascarenhas, IL and Nogueira, LFZ and Ferreira, WB and Araújo, AB and de Oliveira E Silva, AC},
title = {Continuing work in times of covid-19: Protection measures in the workplace for health professionals.},
journal = {Work (Reading, Mass.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3233/WOR-220656},
pmid = {37248942},
issn = {1875-9270},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The arrival of COVID-19 in Brazil and the accelerated process of dissemination/contamination added to the evolution of the clinical picture of the disease, and the saturation of the capacity of health services, creating new challenges for researchers, governments, and professionals involved in the occupational health area.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to systematize and synthesize the proposals adopted by the legislation and by the Brazilian State, with a focus on worker protection and guaranteeing a safe work environment for the performance of their professional activities.

METHODS: This is qualitative bibliographical research of the narrative literature review type, developed from October 2020 to June 2021 in legislation databases using the strategy: "COVID-19" AND "coronavirus/coronavirus" AND "worker health" on official Brazilian government websites.

RESULTS: The lack of an emergency plan for efficient actions to respond to the epidemic caused and is still causing the daily deaths of workers.

CONCLUSION: There is a need to guarantee the effectiveness of national and international policies and norms that have been neglected by the Brazilian government.},
}

@article {pmid37248802,
year = {2023},
author = {McRae, JE and McHugh, L and King, C and Beard, FH and Blyth, CC and Danchin, MH and Giles, ML and Mohammed, H and Wood, N and Macartney, K},
title = {Influenza and pertussis vaccine coverage in pregnancy in Australia, 2016-2021.},
journal = {The Medical journal of Australia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5694/mja2.51989},
pmid = {37248802},
issn = {1326-5377},
abstract = {Vaccination in pregnancy is the best strategy to reduce complications from influenza or pertussis infection in infants who are too young to be protected directly from vaccination. Pregnant women are also at risk of influenza complications preventable through antenatal vaccination. Both vaccines are funded under the National Immunisation Program for pregnant women in Australia, but coverage is not routinely reported nationally. We reviewed all reported Australian maternal influenza and pertussis vaccine coverage data for the period 2016-2021, to identify gaps and information needs. Maternal influenza vaccine coverage was suboptimal at < 58% for 2016-2018, with higher coverage of 62-75% reported in two states (Victoria and Western Australia) for 2019-2021. Maternal pertussis vaccine coverage from 2016 was generally higher than for influenza at > 70%, with the highest jurisdictional coverage of 89% reported in Western Australia in 2020. Vaccination rates were often suboptimal among First Nations pregnant women and up to 20% lower than among non-First Nations Australian women; while data were limited, coverage was low among culturally and linguistically diverse women and among women of lower socio-economic status. Jurisdictional perinatal data collections were the best source of information on antenatal vaccine coverage but were only available for a minority of the population; a nationally consistent systematic approach is lacking. Timely and comprehensive data are needed to provide feedback to improve maternal vaccination coverage, particularly among groups with higher risk and/or low uptake, and as new vaccines are recommended, including COVID-19 vaccination.},
}

@article {pmid37247986,
year = {2023},
author = {Braud, S},
title = {[Foot reflexology for caregivers in palliative care].},
journal = {Revue de l'infirmiere},
volume = {72},
number = {291},
pages = {35-36},
doi = {10.1016/j.revinf.2023.04.009},
pmid = {37247986},
issn = {1293-8505},
abstract = {Foot reflexology is the use of massage and acupressure techniques on the feet, which represent each organ of the human body. The reflexologist knows precisely the anatomy of the body and the reflex points on the feet in order to relieve and treat the person's problems. A team from the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand shares a very positive experience, unfortunately interrupted by the Covid-19 health crisis.},
}

@article {pmid37247744,
year = {2023},
author = {Ding, H and Zhang, J and Feng, T and Liu, R},
title = {Dependence analysis of social contact behaviors under the impacts of COVID-19 based on a copula approach.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {164437},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164437},
pmid = {37247744},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic was intricately linked with contact between people, but many of the policies designed to encourage safe contact behaviors were unsuccessful. One reason was that the determinants of social contact decisions have not been thoroughly investigated using scientifically sound methodologies. To fill this gap, a unique survey was designed which sought data on social contact behaviors and their determinants. Second, a copula-based behavior model was developed to jointly represent the choices of contact modes (including direct and indirect contact) and the number of contacted persons. The survey was conducted in six countries from March to May 2021 and collected valid responses from >7000 people. A comparison of five key copula functions found that the Frank function outperformed the others. The results of a Frank-based model showed that indirect contacts were significantly and positively associated with the number of contacted persons. Then the influence of various determinants, including activity attributes (e.g., frequency and travel distance), protective measures, safety level of activity settings, and psychological factors related to activity participation and risk perception, were extensively analyzed. In particular, the various heterogeneous influences in different social contact settings were examined. The findings provide scientific evidence for policymakers to promote safe social distancing, even for the post-pandemic era.},
}

@article {pmid37247640,
year = {2023},
author = {Satitsuksanoa, P and Iwasaki, S and Boersma, J and Bel Imam, M and Schneider, SR and Chang, I and Veen, WV and Akdis, M},
title = {B cells: The many facets of B cells in allergic diseases.},
journal = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.011},
pmid = {37247640},
issn = {1097-6825},
abstract = {B cells play a key role in our immune system through their ability to produce antibodies, suppress a pro-inflammatory state, and contribute to central immune tolerance. We aim to provide an in-depth knowledge of the molecular biology of B cells, including their origin, developmental process, types and subsets, and functions. In allergic diseases, B cells are well-known to induce and maintain immune tolerance through the production of suppressor cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). Similarly, B cells protect against viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 that caused the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the unique and multifaceted functions of B cells, we hereby provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of B cell biology and its clinical applications in allergic diseases, organ transplantation and cancer.},
}

@article {pmid37247169,
year = {2023},
author = {Osteraas, ND and Dafer, RM},
title = {Advances in Management of the Stroke Etiology One-Percenters.},
journal = {Current neurology and neuroscience reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37247169},
issn = {1534-6293},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Uncommon causes of stroke merit specific attention; when clinicians have less common etiologies of stoke in mind, the diagnosis may come more easily. This is key, as optimal management will in many cases differs significantly from "standard" care.

RECENT FINDINGS: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the best medical therapy in the treatment of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) have demonstrated low rates of ischemia with both antiplatelet and vitamin K antagonism. RCT evidence supports the use of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonism in "high-risk" patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLAS), and there is new evidence supporting the utilization of direct oral anticoagulation in malignancy-associated thrombosis. Migraine with aura has been more conclusively linked not only with increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, but also with cardiovascular mortality. Recent literature has surprisingly not provided support the utilization of L-arginine in the treatment of patients with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS); however, there is evidence at this time that support use of enzyme replacement in patients with Fabry disease. Additional triggers for reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) have been identified, such as capsaicin. Imaging of cerebral blood vessel walls utilizing contrast-enhanced MRA is an emerging modality that may ultimately prove to be very useful in the evaluation of patients with uncommon causes of stroke. A plethora of associations between cerebrovascular disease and COVID-19 have been described. Where pertinent, authors provide additional tips and guidance. Less commonly encountered conditions with updates in diagnosis, and management along with clinical tips are reviewed.},
}

@article {pmid37246774,
year = {2023},
author = {Mewborn, EK and Fingerhood, ML and Johanson, L and Hughes, V},
title = {Examining moral injury in clinical practice: A narrative literature review.},
journal = {Nursing ethics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {9697330231164762},
pmid = {37246774},
issn = {1477-0989},
abstract = {Healthcare workers experience moral injury (MI), a violation of their moral code due to circumstances beyond their control. MI threatens the healthcare workforce in all settings and leads to medical errors, depression/anxiety, and personal and occupational dysfunction, significantly affecting job satisfaction and retention. This article aims to differentiate concepts and define causes surrounding MI in healthcare. A narrative literature review was performed using SCOPUS, CINAHL, and PubMed for peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between 2017 and 2023. Search terms included "moral injury" and "moral distress," identifying 249 records. While individual risk factors predispose healthcare workers to MI, root causes stem from healthcare systems. Accumulation of moral stressors and potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) (from administrative burden, institutional betrayal, lack of autonomy, corporatization of healthcare, and inadequate resources) result in MI. Individuals with MI develop moral resilience or residue, leading to burnout, job abandonment, and post-traumatic stress. Healthcare institutions should focus on administrative and climate interventions to prevent and address MI. Management should ensure autonomy, provide tangible support, reduce administrative burden, advocate for diversity of clinical healthcare roles in positions of interdisciplinary leadership, and communicate effectively. Strategies also exist for individuals to increase moral resilience, reducing the impact of moral stressors and PMIEs.},
}

@article {pmid37246757,
year = {2023},
author = {Underwood, E and Dunkle, LM and Madhi, SA and Gay, CL and Heath, PT and Kotloff, KL and Smith, K and Chau, G and Galbiati, S and McGarry, A and Woo, W and Cho, I and Alves, K and Áñez, G and Bennett, C and Shinde, V and Fries, L and Mallory, RM and Glenn, GM and Toback, S},
title = {Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine.},
journal = {Expert review of vaccines},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14760584.2023.2218913},
pmid = {37246757},
issn = {1744-8395},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As SARS-CoV-2 moves into endemic status, vaccination remains a key element in protecting the health of individuals, societies, and economies worldwide.

AREAS COVERED: NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD) is a recombinant protein vaccine composed of SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer nanoparticles formulated with saponin-based Matrix-M™ adjuvant (Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD). NVX-CoV2373 is authorized for emergency use in adults and adolescents aged ≥12 years in the United States and numerous other countries.

EXPERT OPINION: In clinical trials, NVX-CoV2373 showed tolerable reactogenicity and favorable safety profiles characterized by mostly mild-to-moderate adverse events of short duration and by low rates of severe and serious adverse events comparable to those seen with placebo. The two-dose primary vaccination series resulted in robust increases in anti-spike protein immunoglobulin G, neutralizing antibody titers, and cellular immune responses. NVX-CoV2373 vaccination was associated with complete protection against severe disease and a high (90%) rate of protection against symptomatic disease in adults, including symptomatic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, the NVX-CoV2373 adjuvanted recombinant protein platform offers a means to address issues of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and global vaccine equity.},
}

@article {pmid37246678,
year = {2022},
author = {Babur, MN and Azim, ME},
title = {Neurorehabilitation in time of COVID 19: A perspective from Pakistan.},
journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association},
volume = {72},
number = {12},
pages = {2509-2511},
doi = {10.47391/JPMA.6225},
pmid = {37246678},
issn = {0030-9982},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Pakistan ; Communicable Disease Control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Neurological Rehabilitation ; },
abstract = {A global public health emergency, the coronovirus disease-2019 pandemic has impacted every way of life, including neuro-rehabilitation, worldwide. Issues related to increased service demand in primary care, exhausted or insufficient healthcare facilities were significantly high in low and middle-income countries, like Pakistan, with already a struggling health infrastructure. This required major change in health service delivery and impacted rehabilitation care of vulnerable patients with neurological conditions and impairments. For the current review, relevant key words and their combinations were used for literature search, including 'COVID 19', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'Corona Virus', 'rehabilitation', 'physical rehabilitation', 'pandemic', 'NCOC', 'lockdown', 'health services', 'physical therapy', 'disability', 'access', 'tele-rehabilitation', 'research', 'human resource', 'healthcare', etc. The platforms searched were Google search, Google Scholar and PubMed. The idea was to highlight how the pandemic impacted neuro-rehabilitation care in countries like Pakistan throughout the pandemic duration and during the lockdowns.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Pakistan
Communicable Disease Control
SARS-CoV-2
*Neurological Rehabilitation

@article {pmid37246677,
year = {2022},
author = {Memon, FN and Naz, S and Rahat, T},
title = {Pregnancy outcomes with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during first wave: A review.},
journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association},
volume = {72},
number = {12},
pages = {2503-2508},
doi = {10.47391/JPMA.5182},
pmid = {37246677},
issn = {0030-9982},
mesh = {Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cesarean Section ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; *Premature Birth ; },
abstract = {Maternal and foetal care has become an important concern in the wake of enormous global spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but there is scarcity of information about maternal and perinatal outcomes. The current review was conducted from March to July 2020. Appropriate and related databases were searched electronically by using terms, like "COVID-19 and pregnancy", "pregnancy outcomes of COVID-19". Pooled analysis of the reviewed studies showed that of the 164 newborns, vertical transmission was noted in 7(2.95%). The most common element 140(84.98%) was caesarean section deliveries. COVID-19 pneumonia developed in almost 54(30.90%) of 175 women. The most common symptom of COVID-19 among women was fever 88(50.77%). Adverse maternal and foetal outcomes were found to be associated with COVID-19 in the form of severe illness, increased rates of caesarean section deliveries and worse birth outcomes. Yet, vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection remains debatable.},
}

Infant, Newborn
Pregnancy
Female
Humans
Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Cesarean Section
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/diagnosis
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
*Premature Birth

@article {pmid37246237,
year = {2023},
author = {Roham, PH and Kamath, JJ and Sharma, S},
title = {Dissecting the Interrelationship between COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus.},
journal = {Advanced biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2300107},
doi = {10.1002/adbi.202300107},
pmid = {37246237},
issn = {2701-0198},
abstract = {COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. After gaining entry into the human host, the virus initially infects the upper and lower respiratory tract, subsequently invading multiple organs, including the pancreas. While on one hand, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection and associated death, recent reports have shown the onset of DM in COVID-19-recovered patients. SARS-CoV-2 infiltrates the pancreatic islets and activates stress response and inflammatory signaling pathways, impairs glucose metabolism, and consequently leads to their death. Indeed, the pancreatic autopsy samples of COVID-19 patients reveal the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in β-cells. The current review describes how the virus enters the host cells and activates an immunological response. Further, it takes a closer look into the interrelationship between COVID-19 and DM with the aim to provide mechanistic insights into the process by which SARS-CoV-2 infects the pancreas and mediates dysfunction and death of endocrine islets. The effects of known anti-diabetic interventions for COVID-19 management are also discussed. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a future therapy for pancreatic β-cells damage to reverse COVID-19-induced DM is also emphasized.},
}

@article {pmid37245876,
year = {2023},
author = {Chen, Y and Zhang, C and Wang, N and Feng, Y},
title = {Deciphering suppressive effects of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule on COVID-19 and synergistic effects of its major botanical drug pairs.},
journal = {Chinese journal of natural medicines},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {383-400},
doi = {10.1016/S1875-5364(23)60455-8},
pmid = {37245876},
issn = {1875-5364},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in excess deaths worldwide. Conventional antiviral medicines have been used to relieve the symptoms, with limited therapeutic effect. In contrast, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule is reported to exert remarkable anti-COVID-19 effect. The current review aims to: 1) uncover the main pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for managing COVID-19; 2) verify the bioactive ingredients and pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule by network analysis; 3) investigate the compatibility effect of major botanical drug pairs in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule; and 4) clarify the clinical evidence and safety of the combined therapy of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and conventional drugs. Numerous bioactive ingredients in Lianhu Qingwen, such as quercetin, naringenin, β-sitosterol, luteolin, and stigmasterol, were identified to target host cytokines, and to regulate the immune defence in response to COVID-19. Genes including androgen receptor (AR), myeloperoxidase (MPO), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin (INS), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) were found to be significantly involved in the pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule against COVID-19. Four botanical drug pairs in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule were shown to have synergistic effect for the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical studies demonstrated the medicinal effect of the combined use of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and conventional drugs against COVID-19. In conclusion, the four main pharmacological mechanisms of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for managing COVID-19 are revealed. Therapeutic effect has been noted against COVID-19 in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Pandemics
*Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid37245787,
year = {2023},
author = {Huber, JM and Wieland, ML and Bornstein, SL and Mauck, KF and Szostek, JH and Post, JA and Wingo, MT},
title = {Update in Outpatient General Internal Medicine: Practice-Changing Evidence Published in 2022.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.05.014},
pmid = {37245787},
issn = {1555-7162},
abstract = {It can be difficult for clinicians to stay updated on practice changing articles. Synthesis of relevant articles and guideline updates can facilitate staying informed on important new data impacting clinical practice. The titles and abstracts from the seven general internal medicine outpatient journals with highest impact factors and relevance were reviewed by eight internal medicine physicians. Coronavirus disease-19 research was excluded. New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), The Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), The British Medical Journal (BMJ), Annals of Internal Medicine, JAMA Internal Medicine, and Public Library of Science Medicine were reviewed. Additionally, article synopsis collections and databases were reviewed: American College of Physicians Journal Club, NEJM Journal Watch, BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, McMaster/DynaMed Evidence Alerts, and Cochrane Reviews. A modified Delphi method was used to gain consensus based on clinical relevance to outpatient internal medicine, potential impact on practice, and strength of evidence. Article qualities and importance were debated until consensus was reached. Clusters of articles pertinent to the same topic were considered together. In total, five practice-changing articles were included in addition to a highlight of key guideline updates.},
}

@article {pmid37245600,
year = {2023},
author = {Tian, F and Feng, Q and Chen, Z},
title = {Efficacy and safety of molnupiravir treatment for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {International journal of antimicrobial agents},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106870},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106870},
pmid = {37245600},
issn = {1872-7913},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: At present, there are some differences in the research results of molnupiravir. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of molnupiravir in the treatment of COVID-19.

METHODS: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), ClinicalTrials.gov, ICTRP (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), and medRxiv were searched to identify relevant RCTs (randomized controlled trials) from inception to January 1, 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB) was used to assess the bias risk of the included studies. Revman 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis (PROSPERO Code No: CRD42023388502).

RESULTS: A total of nine RCTs were included, including 31573 COVID-19 patients, of whom 15846 received molnupiravir. The meta-analysis results showed that the molnupiravir group had a higher proportion in terms of clinical improvement (risk ratio [RR] = 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18 to 4.92, Day 5; RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.01, Day 10) and RT‒PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) negativity (RR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.38 to 5.62, Day 5; RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.31, Day 10). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of mortality, hospitalization, adverse events, and serious adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS: Molnupiravir can accelerate the rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients, but it does not significantly reduce mortality and hospitalization.},
}

@article {pmid37245047,
year = {2023},
author = {Natarajan, A and Shetty, A and Delanerolle, G and Zeng, Y and Zhang, Y and Raymont, V and Rathod, S and Halabi, S and Elliot, K and Shi, JQ and Phiri, P},
title = {A systematic review and meta-analysis of long COVID symptoms.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {88},
pmid = {37245047},
issn = {2046-4053},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Mental Health ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ongoing symptoms or the development of new symptoms following a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis has caused a complex clinical problem known as "long COVID" (LC). This has introduced further pressure on global healthcare systems as there appears to be a need for ongoing clinical management of these patients. LC personifies heterogeneous symptoms at varying frequencies. The most complex symptoms appear to be driven by the neurology and neuropsychiatry spheres.

METHODS: A systematic protocol was developed, peer reviewed, and published in PROSPERO. The systematic review included publications from the 1st of December 2019-30th June 2021 published in English. Multiple electronic databases were used. The dataset has been analyzed using a random-effects model and a subgroup analysis based on geographical location. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established based on the data identified.

RESULTS: Of the 302 studies, 49 met the inclusion criteria, although 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The 36 studies had a collective sample size of 11,598 LC patients. 18 of the 36 studies were designed as cohorts and the remainder were cross-sectional. Symptoms of mental health, gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, neurological, and pain were reported.

CONCLUSIONS: The quality that differentiates this meta-analysis is that they are cohort and cross-sectional studies with follow-up. It is evident that there is limited knowledge available of LC and current clinical management strategies may be suboptimal as a result. Clinical practice improvements will require more comprehensive clinical research, enabling effective evidence-based approaches to better support patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Testing
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Mental Health

@article {pmid37244811,
year = {2023},
author = {Joudeh, AI and Lutf, AQ and Mahdi, S and Tran, G},
title = {Efficacy and safety of mRNA and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A systematic review.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37244811},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) are at a potentially higher risk for COVID-19 infection complications. Given their inherent altered immune system and the use of immunomodulatory medications, vaccine immunogenicity could be unpredictable with a suboptimal or even an exaggerated immunological response. The aim of this study is to provide real-time data on the emerging evidence of COVID-19 vaccines' efficacy and safety in patients with ARDs.

METHODS: We performed a literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and OVID databases up to 11-13 April 2022 on the efficacy and safety of both types of the mRNA-vaccines and the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines in patients with ARD. The risk of bias in the retrieved studies was evaluated using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Also, current clinical practice guidelines from multiple international professional societies were reviewed.

RESULTS: We identified 60 prognostic studies, 69 case reports and case series, and eight international clinical practice guidelines. Our results demonstrated that most patients with ARDs were able to mount humoral and/or cellular responses after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine although this response was suboptimal in patients receiving certain disease-modifying medications including rituximab, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, daily glucocorticoids >10 mg, abatacept, as well as in older individuals, and those with comorbid interstitial lung diseases. Safety reports on COVID-19 vaccines in patients with ARDs were largely reassuring with mostly self-limiting adverse events and very minimal post-vaccination disease flares.

CONCLUSION: Both types of the mRNA-vaccines and the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective and safe in patients with ARD. However, due to their suboptimal response in some patients, alternative mitigation strategies such as booster vaccines and shielding practices should also be followed. Management of immunomodulatory treatment regimens during the peri vaccination period should be individualized through shared decision making with patients and their attending rheumatologists.},
}

@article {pmid37244709,
year = {2023},
author = {Robbins, MR and Strauch, KA},
title = {Periodontal Maintenance in a Patient with a Lung Transplantation Post-COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Dental clinics of North America},
volume = {67},
number = {3},
pages = {435-437},
pmid = {37244709},
issn = {1558-0512},
mesh = {Humans ; *Periodontal Diseases ; *COVID-19 ; Oral Health ; *Lung Transplantation/adverse effects ; Dental Care ; },
abstract = {Early dental screening and treatment before and after solid organ transplantation are recommended infection prophylaxis measures. Dental treatment after transplantation should only be rendered after a discussion with the patient's health-care provider and/or transplant surgeon to determine the patient's stability for dental care. Potential sources of acute or chronic oral infections should be evaluated at every visit. Periodontal evaluation and through dental prophylaxis should be performed. Oral hygiene instruction including the importance of maintaining excellent oral health after transplant should be reviewed.},
}

Humans
*Periodontal Diseases
*COVID-19
Oral Health
*Lung Transplantation/adverse effects
Dental Care

@article {pmid37244354,
year = {2023},
author = {Kawamoto, Y and Wu, Y and Takahashi, Y and Takakura, Y},
title = {Development of Nucleic Acid Medicines Based on Chemical Technology.},
journal = {Advanced drug delivery reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {114872},
doi = {10.1016/j.addr.2023.114872},
pmid = {37244354},
issn = {1872-8294},
abstract = {Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics have attracted attention as an emerging modality that includes the modulation of genes and their binding proteins related to diseases, allowing us to take action on previously undruggable targets. Since the late 2010s, the number of oligonucleotide medicines approved for clinical uses has dramatically increased. Various chemistry-based technologies have been developed to improve the therapeutic properties of oligonucleotides, such as chemical modification, conjugation, and nanoparticle formation, which can increase nuclease resistance, enhance affinity and selectivity to target sites, suppress off-target effects, and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Similar strategies employing modified nucleobases and lipid nanoparticles have been used for developing coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of chemistry-based technologies aimed at using nucleic acids for developing therapeutics over the past several decades, with a specific emphasis on the structural design and functionality of chemical modification strategies.},
}

@article {pmid37244209,
year = {2023},
author = {Bonfim, LCMG and Guerini, IS and Zambon, MG and Pires, GB and Silva, ACF and Gobatto, ALN and Lopes, MA and Brosnahan, SB},
title = {Optimal dosing of heparin for prophylactic anticoagulation in critically ill COVID-19 patients a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Journal of critical care},
volume = {77},
number = {},
pages = {154344},
pmid = {37244209},
issn = {1557-8615},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The optimal amount of anticoagulation for critically ill COVID-19 patients is controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of escalated doses of anticoagulation in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of three major databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, from inception to May 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included comparing therapeutic or intermediate doses to standard prophylactic doses of anticoagulants in critically ill COVID-19 patients, with heparins as the only anticoagulation therapy considered.

RESULTS: Out of the six RCTs, 2130 patients were administered escalated dose anticoagulation (50.2%) and standard thromboprophylaxis therapy (49.8%). The escalated dose showed no significant impact on mortality (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.90-1.13). Although there was no significant difference in DVT (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61-1.08), the risk of PE was significantly reduced in patients receiving escalated dose anticoagulation (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21-0.60), with an increased risk of bleeding events (RR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.08-2.53).

CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis fail to support escalated anticoagulation doses to reduce mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, higher doses of anticoagulants appear to reduce thrombotic events while increasing the risk of bleeding effectively.},
}

@article {pmid37244162,
year = {2023},
author = {Pang, X and Xu, W and Liu, Y and Li, H and Chen, L},
title = {The research progress of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors from 2020 to 2022.},
journal = {European journal of medicinal chemistry},
volume = {257},
number = {},
pages = {115491},
pmid = {37244162},
issn = {1768-3254},
abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. The main protease (M[pro]) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a central role in viral replication and transcription and represents an attractive drug target for fighting COVID-19. Many SARS-CoV-2 M[pro] inhibitors have been reported, including covalent and noncovalent inhibitors. The SARS-CoV-2 M[pro] inhibitor PF-07321332 (Nirmatrelvir) designed by Pfizer has been put on the market. This paper briefly introduces the structural characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 M[pro] and summarizes the research progress of SARS-CoV-2 M[pro] inhibitors from the aspects of drug repurposing and drug design. These information will provide a basis for the drug development of treating the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and even other coronaviruses in the future.},
}

@article {pmid37243809,
year = {2023},
author = {Gunathilaka, MDTL},
title = {Utilization of Marine Seaweeds as a Promising Defense Against COVID-19: a Mini-review.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37243809},
issn = {1436-2236},
abstract = {COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which mainly affects the respiratory system. It has been declared as a "pandemic" in March 2020 by the World Health Organization due to the high spreading rate. SARS-CoV-2 binds with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the cell surface which leads to the downregulation of ACE2 and upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptors. The elevated level of cytokines and ACE receptors leads to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the limited availability of vaccines and recurrent attacks of COVID-19 mainly in low-income countries, it is important to search for natural remedies to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. Marine seaweeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as phlorotannins; fucoidan; carotenoids; omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids; vitamins B12, D, and C; and minerals including zinc and selenium that exhibit antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, bioactive compounds present in marine seaweeds have the ability to inhibit ACEs by inducing ACE2 which exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19. Correspondingly, soluble dietary fibers present in seaweeds are served as prebiotics by generating short-chain fatty acids through fermentation. Hence, seaweeds can be utilized to reduce the gastrointestinal infections associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}

@article {pmid37243585,
year = {2023},
author = {Matsumori, A},
title = {Myocarditis and Autoimmunity.},
journal = {Expert review of cardiovascular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14779072.2023.2219895},
pmid = {37243585},
issn = {1744-8344},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune myocarditis may develop due to heterogeneous causes. Myocarditis is often caused by viral infections, but it can also be caused by systemic autoimmune diseases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and virus vaccines induce immune activation, and they can cause the development of myocarditis, as well as several immune-related adverse events. The development of myocarditis is dependent on the genetic factors of the host, and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) may be an important determinant of the type and severity of the disease. However, non-MHC immunoregulatory genes may also play a role in determining susceptibility.

AREA COVERED: This review summarizes the current knowledge of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune myocarditis with a particular focus on viral infection and autoimmunity, and biomarkers of myocarditis.

EXPERT OPINION: An endomyocardial biopsy may not be the gold standard for the diagnosis of myocarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is useful in diagnosing autoimmune myocarditis. Recently identified biomarkers of inflammation and myocyte injury are promising for the diagnosis of myocarditis when measured simultaneously. Future treatments should focus on the appropriate diagnosis of the etiologic agent, as well as on the specific stage of the evolution of immune and inflammatory processes.},
}

@article {pmid37243393,
year = {2023},
author = {Ali, N and Ghalibafian, M and Sykes-Martin, K and Parkes, J and Qureshi, B and Esiashvili, N},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of pediatric radiotherapy: A critical review.},
journal = {Pediatric blood & cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e30446},
doi = {10.1002/pbc.30446},
pmid = {37243393},
issn = {1545-5017},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has prevented the timely diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including pediatric cancer. Its impact on pediatric oncologic treatments warrants investigation. As radiotherapy is an integral component of cancer care, we reviewed the published data regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the delivery of pediatric radiotherapy to inform actions for future global events. We found that disruptions in radiotherapy were reported amongst interruptions in other therapies. Disruptions were more common in low-income countries (78%) and low middle-income countries (68%) compared with upper middle-income countries (46%) and high-income countries (10%). Several papers included recommendations for mitigation strategies. Altered treatment regimens were common, including increasing the use of active surveillance and systemic therapy to delay local therapies, and accelerated/hypofractionated dose delivery. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 has impacted radiotherapy delivery in the pediatric population globally. Countries with limited resources may be more affected. Various mitigation strategies have been developed. The efficacy of mitigation measures warrants further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid37243300,
year = {2023},
author = {Quiros-Roldan, E and Sottini, A and Signorini, SG and Serana, F and Tiecco, G and Imberti, L},
title = {Autoantibodies to Interferons in Infectious Diseases.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {37243300},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; Autoantibodies ; Interferons ; *Autoimmune Diseases ; *COVID-19 ; Cytokines ; *Interferon Type I ; *Communicable Diseases ; },
abstract = {Anti-cytokine autoantibodies and, in particular, anti-type I interferons are increasingly described in association with immunodeficient, autoimmune, and immune-dysregulated conditions. Their presence in otherwise healthy individuals may result in a phenotype characterized by a predisposition to infections with several agents. For instance, anti-type I interferon autoantibodies are implicated in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and found preferentially in patients with critical disease. However, autoantibodies were also described in the serum of patients with viral, bacterial, and fungal infections not associated with COVID-19. In this review, we provide an overview of anti-cytokine autoantibodies identified to date and their clinical associations; we also discuss whether they can act as enemies or friends, i.e., are capable of acting in a beneficial or harmful way, and if they may be linked to gender or immunosenescence. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the production of autoantibodies could improve the approach to treating some infections, focusing not only on pathogens, but also on the possibility of a low degree of autoimmunity in patients.},
}

Humans
Autoantibodies
Interferons
*Autoimmune Diseases
*COVID-19
Cytokines
*Interferon Type I
*Communicable Diseases

@article {pmid37243259,
year = {2023},
author = {Baroni, C and Potito, J and Perticone, ME and Orausclio, P and Luna, CM},
title = {How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae?.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {37243259},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Prognosis ; Diarrhea ; Disease Progression ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: We reviewed what has been studied and published during the last 3 years about the consequences, mainly respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric (organic and functional), in patients with COVID-19 of prolonged course.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a narrative review synthesizing current clinical evidence of abnormalities of signs, symptoms, and complementary studies in COVID-19 patients who presented a prolonged and complicated course.

METHODS: A review of the literature focused on the involvement of the main organic functions mentioned, based almost exclusively on the systematic search of publications written in English available on PubMed/MEDLINE.

RESULTS: Long-term respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric dysfunction are present in a significant number of patients. Lung involvement is the most common; cardiovascular involvement may happen with or without symptoms or clinical abnormalities; gastrointestinal compromise includes the loss of appetite, nausea, gastroesophageal reflux, diarrhea, etc.; and neurological/psychiatric compromise can produce a wide variety of signs and symptoms, either organic or functional. Vaccination is not associated with the emergence of long-COVID, but it may happen in vaccinated people.

CONCLUSIONS: The severity of illness increases the risk of long-COVID. Pulmonary sequelae, cardiomyopathy, the detection of ribonucleic acid in the gastrointestinal tract, and headaches and cognitive impairment may become refractory in severely ill COVID-19 patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Prognosis
Diarrhea
Disease Progression

@article {pmid37239533,
year = {2023},
author = {Idrose, NS and Zhang, J and Lodge, CJ and Erbas, B and Douglass, JA and Bui, DS and Dharmage, SC},
title = {A Review of the Role of Pollen in COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {37239533},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {There is current interest in the role of ambient pollen in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) infection risk. The aim of this review is to summarise studies published up until January 2023 investigating the relationship between airborne pollen and the risk of COVID-19 infection. We found conflicting evidence, with some studies showing that pollen may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection by acting as a carrier, while others showed that pollen may reduce the risk by acting as an inhibiting factor. A few studies reported no evidence of an association between pollen and the risk of infection. A major limiting factor of this research is not being able to determine whether pollen contributed to the susceptibility to infection or just the expression of symptoms. Hence, more research is needed to better understand this highly complex relationship. Future investigations should consider individual and sociodemographic factors as potential effect modifiers when investigating these associations. This knowledge will help to identify targeted interventions.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid37233729,
year = {2023},
author = {Mohandas, S and Jagannathan, P and Henrich, TJ and Sherif, ZA and Bime, C and Quinlan, E and Portman, MA and Gennaro, M and Rehman, J and , },
title = {Immune mechanisms underlying COVID-19 pathology and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37233729},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {OT2HL161847/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Disease Progression ; Health Status ; },
abstract = {With a global tally of more than 500 million cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections to date, there are growing concerns about the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Recent studies suggest that exaggerated immune responses are key determinants of the severity and outcomes of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as subsequent PASC. The complexity of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the acute and post-acute period requires in-depth mechanistic analyses to identify specific molecular signals as well as specific immune cell populations which promote PASC pathogenesis. In this review, we examine the current literature on mechanisms of immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 and the limited emerging data on the immunopathology of PASC. While the acute and post-acute phases may share some parallel mechanisms of immunopathology, it is likely that PASC immunopathology is quite distinct and heterogeneous, thus requiring large-scale longitudinal analyses in patients with and without PASC after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. By outlining the knowledge gaps in the immunopathology of PASC, we hope to provide avenues for novel research directions that will ultimately lead to precision therapies which restore healthy immune function in PASC patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2
Disease Progression
Health Status

@article {pmid37231599,
year = {2023},
author = {Oeser, C and Rangaka, MX and Abubakar, I},
title = {Digital approaches to reducing TB treatment loss to follow-up.},
journal = {The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {432-437},
doi = {10.5588/ijtld.23.0027},
pmid = {37231599},
issn = {1815-7920},
mesh = {Humans ; *Tuberculosis/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Follow-Up Studies ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Poor adherence to TB treatment leads to adverse clinical outcomes. A range of digital technologies to support adherence have been developed and the COVID-19 pandemic considerably accelerated the implementation of digital interventions. Here, we review the current evidence on digital adherence support tools and update the findings of a previous review, with evidence published from 2018 to date. Interventional and observational studies, as well as primary and secondary analyses were included, and we summarised available evidence on effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability. The studies were heterogenous and varied in outcome measures and approaches used. Overall, our findings show that digital approaches, such as digital pillboxes and asynchronous video-observed treatment, are acceptable and have the potential to improve adherence and be cost-effective over time if implemented at scale. Digital tools should be part of multiple strategies to support adherence. Further research to integrate behavioural data on reasons for non-adherence will help to determine how to best implement these technologies in different settings.},
}

Humans
*Tuberculosis/drug therapy/prevention & control
Follow-Up Studies
Pandemics/prevention & control
*COVID-19

@article {pmid37229730,
year = {2023},
author = {Medina, E and Rueda, C and Batlle, D},
title = {FSGS and COVID-19 in Non-African American Patients.},
journal = {Kidney360},
volume = {4},
number = {5},
pages = {687-699},
pmid = {37229730},
issn = {2641-7650},
mesh = {Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; *Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics/pathology ; Apolipoprotein L1/genetics ; *COVID-19/genetics ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has been reported relatively frequently in African American (AA) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it is associated almost always with Apolipoprotein L gen 1 (APOL1) high-risk variants. We reviewed the published literature from April 2020 to November 2022 searching for non-African American (non-AA) patients with FSGS associated with COVID-19 (eight White patients, six Hispanic patients, three Asian patients, one Indian patient, and one Asian Indian patient). The following histologic patterns were found: collapsing (n=11), not otherwise specified (n=5), tip (n=2), and perihilar (n=1). Fifteen of the 19 patients had AKI. The APOL1 genotype was reported in only six of the 19 non-AA patients. Three of them (two Hispanic patients and one White patient) with collapsing FSGS had high-risk APOL1 variants. The other three patients (two White patients and one Hispanic patient with the collapsing variant, tip variant, and not otherwise specified) had low-risk APOL1 variants. Among 53 African American patients with collapsing FSGS associated with COVID-19, 48 had high-risk APOL1 variants and five had low-risk APOL1 variants. We conclude that in non-AA patients, FSGS is a rare complication of COVID-19. FSGS associated with COVID-19 can occur rarely with low-risk APOL1 variants in non-AA and AA patients. Non-AA patients reported to be associated with high-risk APOL1 variants possibly reflect inaccuracy of self-reported race with AA admixture because of unknown ancestry. Given the importance of APOL1 in the pathogenesis of FSGS associated with viral infection and to avoid racial bias, it seems appropriate that APOL1 testing be considered in patients with FSGS associated with COVID-19, regardless of self-reported race.},
}

Humans
United States/epidemiology
*Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics/pathology
Apolipoprotein L1/genetics
*COVID-19/genetics
Genotype

@article {pmid37227199,
year = {2023},
author = {Sirico, D and Basso, A and Alaimo, A and Spaziani, G and Ancona, R and Domenicucci, S and Castaldi, B and Donti, A and Chessa, M and Limongelli, G and Luciani, GB and Gagliardi, MG and Rinelli, G and Vairo, U and Egidy Assenza, G and Favilli, S and Di Salvo, G and Russo, MG},
title = {[Heart involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children correlated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review by ANMCO/SICP].},
journal = {Giornale italiano di cardiologia (2006)},
volume = {24},
number = {6},
pages = {413-422},
doi = {10.1714/4041.40199},
pmid = {37227199},
issn = {1972-6481},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis ; Heart ; *Coronary Aneurysm ; },
abstract = {Acute clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are generally less severe in childhood, however a proportion of them can develop a severe systemic hyperinflammatory syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, MIS-C). Cardiovascular manifestations in MIS-C are frequent (34-82%), including myocardial dysfunction, coronary artery dilation or aneurysms, arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, pericarditis and valvulitis. The most affected cases can develop cardiogenic shock needing intensive care unit admission, inotropic support and sometimes even mechanical circulatory support. The elevation of myocardial necrosis markers, the frequently transient left ventricular systolic dysfunction and the presence of changes on magnetic resonance imaging, support the hypothesis of an immune-mediated post-viral pathogenesis similar to myocarditis. Although MIS-C shows excellent short-term survival, further studies are needed to demonstrate complete reversibility of residual subclinical heart damage.},
}

Child
Humans
*COVID-19/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis
Heart
*Coronary Aneurysm

@article {pmid37088868,
year = {2023},
author = {Yang, DW and Ju, MJ and Wang, H and Jia, YC and Wang, XD and Fang, H and Fan, J},
title = {Proxalutamide for the treatment of COVID-19 rebound following Paxlovid treatment: Report of four cases and review of the literature.},
journal = {Journal of clinical laboratory analysis},
volume = {37},
number = {7},
pages = {e24880},
pmid = {37088868},
issn = {1098-2825},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Oxazoles ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The pandemic the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a global health crisis. Although Paxlovid is recommended for the early-stage treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients at increased risk of progression to severe COVID-19, more and more cases are reported a COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment. Currently, information on the additional treatment for COVID-19 rebound following Paxlovid treatment is limited.

CASE REPORT: Here, we present four cases with COVID-19 who were mild on admission. All cases experienced a COVID-19 rebound and progressed to severe COVID-19, following treatment with Paxlovid (300 mg of nirmatrelvir with 100 mg ritonavir, twice daily for 5 days). After being treated with proxalutamide (300 mg/day), all cases finally turned real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative.

CONCLUSION: Our cases suggested that proxalutamide might be an effective remedial treatment option for patients experiencing a COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Oxazoles

@article {pmid36999525,
year = {2023},
author = {Ghanekar, K and Ghanekar, H and Saxena, R},
title = {Late onset granulomatous interstitial nephritis after booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination: Case report and review of literature.},
journal = {Clinical nephrology},
volume = {99},
number = {6},
pages = {299-306},
doi = {10.5414/CN110965},
pmid = {36999525},
issn = {0301-0430},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Tin ; *COVID-19 ; Vaccination ; *Nephritis, Interstitial/chemically induced ; },
abstract = {Billions of doses of COVID-19 vaccine have been administered to combat the coronavirus pandemic. Though the vaccine is generally well tolerated, several cases of new onset or relapsing glomerulonephritis have been reported. In comparison, post-vaccination tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) has rarely been reported, mostly after the first or the second dose of the vaccine. Acute interstitial nephritis after booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination has not yet been reported. We report a case of acute granulomatous TIN shortly after the booster dose of Moderna vaccine. Our patient had no clinical evidence of renal injury after the first two doses of vaccine. Renal dysfunction was incidentally observed ~ 1 month after the booster dose of vaccine. The patient responded to steroids with rapid improvement in kidney function. While it is difficult to ascertain the causal relationship between the vaccination and development of TIN, it is important to be vigilant about such delayed side effects of the vaccine.},
}

Humans
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
Tin
*COVID-19
Vaccination
*Nephritis, Interstitial/chemically induced

@article {pmid36925449,
year = {2023},
author = {Hanhart, J and Wiener, R and Totah, H and Brosh, K and Zadok, D},
title = {Pseudophakia as a surprising protective factor in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.},
journal = {Journal francais d'ophtalmologie},
volume = {46},
number = {5},
pages = {527-535},
doi = {10.1016/j.jfo.2022.11.015},
pmid = {36925449},
issn = {1773-0597},
mesh = {Humans ; Pseudophakia/epidemiology/complications ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Protective Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; *COVID-19/complications ; Intravitreal Injections ; *Macular Degeneration/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To assess the impact of lens status on macular function among patients treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) in whom scheduled intravitreal injections were delayed.

METHODS: We reviewed demographic and clinical data as well as macular optical coherence tomographic images of 34 patients (48 eyes) who did not follow their injection schedule during the first wave of COVID-19 in Israel. Functional worsening was defined as a loss of at least 0.1 in decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Morphological worsening was defined as new or increased subretinal/intraretinal fluid or a new hemorrhage. OCT indices of quality were used as a measure for cataract density and progression.

RESULTS: Pseudophakia was associated with a better functional outcome than phakic status: there was a loss of 0.06±0.12 vs. 0.15±0.10 decimal BCVA in the pseudophakic and phakic eyes, respectively (P=.001). A similar trend was observed for morphological changes over the same period: there was an increase in macular thickness of 9±26% vs.12±40%, respectively (P=0.79). During the first wave of COVID-19, the index of OCT quality remained stable for phakic eyes (26±3.6 before the first wave of COVID-19, 26±2.9 afterward; P=1) and pseudophakic eyes (30±2.4 before the first wave of COVID-19, 30±2.6 afterward; P=1).

CONCLUSION: Pseudophakic eyes with nvAMD that missed their scheduled intravitreal injections experienced fewer morphological and functional complications than phakic eyes with nvAMD.},
}

Humans
Pseudophakia/epidemiology/complications
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Protective Factors
Treatment Outcome
*COVID-19/complications
Intravitreal Injections
*Macular Degeneration/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology
Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid36890698,
year = {2023},
author = {Mlynska, L and Malouhi, A and Ingwersen, M and Güttler, F and Gräger, S and Teichgräber, U},
title = {Artificial intelligence for assistance of radiology residents in chest CT evaluation for COVID-19 pneumonia: a comparative diagnostic accuracy study.},
journal = {Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)},
volume = {64},
number = {6},
pages = {2104-2110},
pmid = {36890698},
issn = {1600-0455},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; Artificial Intelligence ; Retrospective Studies ; Case-Control Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pneumonia ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; *Radiology ; COVID-19 Testing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In hospitals, it is crucial to rule out coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) timely and reliably. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides sufficient accuracy to identify chest computed tomography (CT) scans with signs of COVID-19.

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists with different levels of experience with and without assistance of AI in CT evaluation for COVID-19 pneumonia and to develop an optimized diagnostic pathway.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective, single-center, comparative case-control study included 160 consecutive participants who had undergone chest CT scan between March 2020 and May 2021 without or with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in a ratio of 1:3. Index tests were chest CT evaluation by five radiological senior residents, five junior residents, and an AI software. Based on the diagnostic accuracy in every group and on comparison of groups, a sequential CT assessment pathway was developed.

RESULTS: Areas under receiver operating curves were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.88-0.99), 0.96 (95% CI=0.92-1.0), 0.77 (95% CI=0.68-0.86), and 0.95 (95% CI=0.9-1.0) for junior residents, senior residents, AI, and sequential CT assessment, respectively. Proportions of false negatives were 9%, 3%, 17%, and 2%, respectively. With the developed diagnostic pathway, junior residents evaluated all CT scans with the support of AI. Senior residents were only required as second readers in 26% (41/160) of the CT scans.

CONCLUSION: AI can support junior residents with chest CT evaluation for COVID-19 and reduce the workload of senior residents. A review of selected CT scans by senior residents is mandatory.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnostic imaging
Artificial Intelligence
Retrospective Studies
Case-Control Studies
SARS-CoV-2
*Pneumonia
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
*Radiology
COVID-19 Testing

@article {pmid36852805,
year = {2023},
author = {Dinodia, M},
title = {Recent Advances in N-Heterocycles for COVID-19 Treatment - A Mini Review.},
journal = {Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates))},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {717-729},
doi = {10.2174/1573406419666230228115410},
pmid = {36852805},
issn = {1875-6638},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Severe emergencies occurred across the globe, beginning with the outbreak of SARSCoV in 2002, followed by MERS-CoV in 2012. In December 2019, an acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China as the agent responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The virus rapidly spread throughout the world due to its high transmissibility, leading to enormous health problems and complexities. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected public health, the weak persons were severely affected by this virus. To stop the disease from spreading further, effective remedies are the need of the hour. Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns are being carried out all over the globe, several new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, and each has caused a wave of infections, highlighting an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Heterocyclic compounds have been explored extensively for a very long time for their biological activities, namely, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antitubercular, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and many more bio-activities. Through this review, the author has tried to report the heterocyclic compounds synthesized all over the world over the last 2 years to fight against the SARS CoV-2 coronaviruses. The heterocyclic motifs mentioned in the review can serve as important resources for the development of COVID-19 treatment methods.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
COVID-19 Vaccines
*Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology/therapeutic use

@article {pmid36593537,
year = {2023},
author = {Deshmukh, R and Mishra, S and Singh, R},
title = {Biosensors - A Miraculous Detecting Tool in Combating the War against COVID-19.},
journal = {Current pharmaceutical biotechnology},
volume = {24},
number = {11},
pages = {1430-1448},
doi = {10.2174/1389201024666230102121605},
pmid = {36593537},
issn = {1873-4316},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Artificial Intelligence ; *Metal Nanoparticles ; Silver ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods ; },
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly known as COVID-19, created rack and ruin and erupted as a global epidemic. Nearly 482.3 million cases and approximately 6.1 million deaths have been reported. The World Health Organization (WHO) designated it an international medical emergency on January 30, 2020; shortly in March 2020, it was declared a pandemic. To address this situation, governments and scientists around the globe were urged to combat and prevent its spread, mainly when no treatment was available. Presently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most widely utilized technique for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2. But this method is cumbersome, tedious, and might not be quickly accessible in isolated areas with a circumscribed budget. Therefore, there is a quest for novel diagnostic techniques which can diagnose the disease in a lesser time in an economical way. This paper outlines the potential of biosensors in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. This review highlights the current state of presently available detection techniques, expected potential limits, and the benefits of biosensor-implicated tests against SARS-Cov-2 diagnosis. CRISPR-Cas9 implanted paper strip, field-effect transistor (FET) implanted sensor, nucleic-acid centric, aptamers-implanted biosensor, antigen-Au/Ag nanoparticles-based electrochemical biosensor, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensor, Surface Plasmon Resonance, potential electrochemical biosensor, optical biosensor, as well as artificial intelligence (AI) are some of the novel biosensing devices that are being utilized in the prognosis of coronaviruses.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Testing
Artificial Intelligence
*Metal Nanoparticles
Silver
*Biosensing Techniques/methods

@article {pmid36472714,
year = {2023},
author = {Hamm, J and Duncan, MS and Robertson, NM and Keck, JW and Crabtree, K},
title = {COVID-19 in Patients with a Primary Refugee-Associated Language in a Kentucky Emergency Department During 2020.},
journal = {Journal of immigrant and minority health},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {728-732},
pmid = {36472714},
issn = {1557-1920},
support = {KL2 TR001996/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1TR001998/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; KL2TR001996/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1TR001998/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; KL2TR001996/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; United States ; Kentucky/epidemiology ; *Refugees ; COVID-19 Testing ; *COVID-19 ; Language ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 has heavily impacted the refugee population in the United States due to exposure risks, living and working conditions, and healthcare access, but little is known about outcomes. We reviewed emergency department visits to a Kentucky hospital among 2163 patients from March-December 2020, studying incidence of COVID-19 diagnosis for patients with a primary refugee-associated language compared to English speakers, and outcomes after diagnosis including hospitalization, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. Patients in the population of interest had higher odds of COVID-19 diagnosis in the hospital (OR = 12.31, 95% CI 7.80-19.40), but, among those with COVID-19, lower odds of hospital admission (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.90) and shorter median length of stay (4.1 vs. 10.5 days) compared to English speakers. The study corroborates reports of comparatively higher COVID-19 incidence in patients speaking a primary refugee-associated language, but implies milder illness severity, possibly reflecting this population's baseline health.},
}

Humans
United States
Kentucky/epidemiology
*Refugees
COVID-19 Testing
*COVID-19
Language
Emergency Service, Hospital
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid36043749,
year = {2023},
author = {Al-Kuraishy, HM and Al-Gareeb, AI and Alexiou, A and Batiha, GE},
title = {Cannabinoids Receptors in COVID-19: Perpetrators and Victims.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {30},
number = {34},
pages = {3832-3845},
doi = {10.2174/0929867329666220829145029},
pmid = {36043749},
issn = {1875-533X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Cannabinoids/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cytokines ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and leads to acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and extrapulmonary manifestations in severely affected cases. However, most of the affected cases are mild or asymptomatic. Cannabinoids (CBs) such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which act on G-protein-coupled receptors called CB1 and CB2, have anti-inflammatory effects. Many published studies show that CBs are effective in various inflammatory disorders, viral infections, and attenuation of ALI and ARDS. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to summarize the possible immunological role of CBs in COVID-19. The effects of CBs are controversial, although they have beneficial effects via CB2 receptors and adverse effects via CB1 receptors against ALI, ARDS, and hyperinflammation, which are hallmarks of COVID-19. The present narrative review has shown that CBs effectively manage ALI and ARDS by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are common in COVID-19. Therefore, CBs may be used to manage COVID-19 because of their potent anti-inflammatory effects, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Receptors, Cannabinoid
SARS-CoV-2
*Cannabinoids/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Cytokines
*Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid37243253,
year = {2023},
author = {Akinosoglou, K and Rigopoulos, EA and Schinas, G and Kaiafa, G and Polyzou, E and Tsoupra, S and Tzouvelekis, A and Gogos, C and Savopoulos, C},
title = {Remdesivir Use in the Real-World Setting: An Overview of Available Evidence.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {37243253},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {In the years of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), various treatment options have been utilized. COVID-19 continues to circulate in the global population, and the evolution of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has posed significant challenges to the treatment and prevention of infection. Remdesivir (RDV), an anti-viral agent with in vitro efficacy against coronaviruses, is a potent and safe treatment as suggested by a plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials. Emerging real-world data have confirmed its effectiveness, and there are currently datasets evaluating its efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2 infections in various clinical scenarios, including some that are not in the SmPC recommendations according for COVID-19 pharmacotherapy. Remdesivir increases the chance of recovery, reduces progression to severe disease, lowers mortality rates, and exhibits beneficial post-hospitalization outcomes, especially when used early in the course of the disease. Strong evidence suggests the expansion of remdesivir use in special populations (e.g., pregnancy, immunosuppression, renal impairment, transplantation, elderly and co-medicated patients) where the benefits of treatment outweigh the risk of adverse effects. In this article, we attempt to overview the available real-world data of remdesivir pharmacotherapy. With the unpredictable course of COVID-19, we need to utilize all available knowledge to bridge the gap between clinical research and clinical practice and be sufficiently prepared for the future.},
}

@article {pmid37243251,
year = {2023},
author = {Schinas, G and Moustaka, V and Polyzou, E and Almyroudi, MP and Dimopoulos, G and Akinosoglou, K},
title = {Targeting CMV Reactivation to Optimize Care for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Antiviral Treatment.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {37243251},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential connection with severe COVID-19. Mechanisms driving this association may include primary lung injury, amplification of systemic inflammation, and secondary immunosuppression. Diagnostic challenges in detecting and assessing CMV reactivation necessitate a comprehensive approach to improve accuracy and inform treatment decisions. Currently, there is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of CMV pharmacotherapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Although insights from non-COVID-19 critical illness studies suggest a potential role for antiviral treatment or prophylaxis, the risks and benefits must be carefully balanced in this vulnerable patient population. Understanding the pathophysiological role of CMV in the context of COVID-19 and exploring the advantages of antiviral treatment are crucial for optimizing care in critically ill patients. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of available evidence, emphasizing the need for additional investigation to establish the role of CMV treatment or prophylaxis in the management of severe COVID-19 and to develop a framework for future research on this topic.},
}

@article {pmid37243246,
year = {2023},
author = {Principi, N and Autore, G and Ramundo, G and Esposito, S},
title = {Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {37243246},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {To face the COVID-19 outbreak, a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at limiting the spread of the virus in communities, such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing, travel restrictions, and school closures, were introduced in most countries. Thereafter, a significant reduction of new asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 cases occurred, although there were differences between countries according to the type and duration of the NPIs. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by significant variations in the global incidence of diseases due to the most common non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and some bacteria. In this narrative review, the epidemiology of the most common non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic is detailed. Moreover, factors that could have had a role in modifying the traditional circulation of respiratory pathogens are discussed. A literature analysis shows that NPIs were the most important cause of the general reduction in the incidence of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in the first year of the pandemic, although the different sensitivity of each virus to NPIs, the type and duration of measures used, as well as the interference among viruses may have played a role in modulating viral circulation. Reasons for the increase in the incidences of Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A Streptococcus infections seem strictly linked to immunity debt and the role played by NPIs in reducing viral infections and limiting bacterial superimposed infections. These results highlight the importance of NPIs during pandemics, the need to monitor the circulation of infectious agents that cause diseases similar to those caused by pandemic agents, and the need to make efforts to improve coverage with available vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid37243244,
year = {2023},
author = {Cheng, Y and Ji, C and Zhou, HY and Zheng, H and Wu, A},
title = {Web Resources for SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Database, Annotation, Analysis and Variant Tracking.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v15051158},
pmid = {37243244},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 genomic data continue to grow, providing valuable information for researchers and public health officials. Genomic analysis of these data sheds light on the transmission and evolution of the virus. To aid in SARS-CoV-2 genomic analysis, many web resources have been developed to store, collate, analyze, and visualize the genomic data. This review summarizes web resources used for the SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology, covering data management and sharing, genomic annotation, analysis, and variant tracking. The challenges and further expectations for these web resources are also discussed. Finally, we highlight the importance and need for continued development and improvement of related web resources to effectively track the spread and understand the evolution of the virus.},
}

@article {pmid37243203,
year = {2023},
author = {Dutta, D and Liu, J and Xiong, H},
title = {The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v15051117},
pmid = {37243203},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {R01 DA050540/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a fatal respiratory illness. The associated risk factors for COVID-19 are old age and medical comorbidities. In the current combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, a significant portion of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with controlled viremia is older and with comorbidities, making these people vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated severe outcomes. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and causes neurological complications, resulting in a health burden and an adverse impact on PLWH and exacerbating HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity on neuroinflammation, the development of HAND and preexisting HAND is poorly explored. In the present review, we compiled the current knowledge of differences and similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1, the conditions of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and HIV-1/AIDS syndemic and their impact on the central nervous system (CNS). Risk factors of COVID-19 on PLWH and neurological manifestations, inflammatory mechanisms leading to the neurological syndrome, the development of HAND, and its influence on preexisting HAND are also discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the challenges of the present syndemic on the world population, with a particular emphasis on PLWH.},
}

@article {pmid37243186,
year = {2023},
author = {Tian, WJ and Wang, XJ},
title = {Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Derived from Natural Products.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v15051100},
pmid = {37243186},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {Scientific advances have led to the development and production of numerous vaccines and antiviral drugs, but viruses, including re-emerging and emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, remain a major threat to human health. Many antiviral agents are rarely used in clinical treatment, however, because of their inefficacy and resistance. The toxicity of natural products may be lower, and some natural products have multiple targets, which means less resistance. Therefore, natural products may be an effective means to solve virus infection in the future. New techniques and ideas are currently being developed for the design and screening of antiviral drugs thanks to recent revelations about virus replication mechanisms and the advancement of molecular docking technology. This review will summarize recently discovered antiviral drugs, mechanisms of action, and screening and design strategies for novel antiviral agents.},
}

@article {pmid37243158,
year = {2023},
author = {Buchynskyi, M and Kamyshna, I and Oksenych, V and Zavidniuk, N and Kamyshnyi, A},
title = {The Intersection of COVID-19 and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: An Overview of the Current Evidence.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v15051072},
pmid = {37243158},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {The global population is currently experiencing the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which has caused the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. With our profound comprehension of COVID-19, encompassing the involvement sequence of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system, and cardiovascular apparatus, the multiorgan symptoms of this infectious disease have been discerned. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a pervasive public health concern intricately linked with metabolic dysregulation and estimated to afflict one-fourth of the global adult population. The burgeoning focus on the association between COVID-19 and MAFLD is justified by the potential role of the latter as a risk factor for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and the subsequent emergence of severe COVID-19 symptoms. Investigations have suggested that changes in both innate and adaptive immune responses among MAFLD patients may play a role in determining the severity of COVID-19. The remarkable similarities observed in the cytokine pathways implicated in both diseases imply the existence of shared mechanisms governing the chronic inflammatory responses characterizing these conditions. The effect of MAFLD on the severity of COVID-19 illness remains uncertain, as indicated by conflicting results in cohort investigations.},
}

@article {pmid37243131,
year = {2023},
author = {Devaux, CA and Camoin-Jau, L},
title = {Molecular Mimicry of the Viral Spike in the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Possibly Triggers Transient Dysregulation of ACE2, Leading to Vascular and Coagulation Dysfunction Similar to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v15051045},
pmid = {37243131},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {The benefits of SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines are well known, including a significant decline in COVID-19 morbidity and a decrease in the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infected persons. However, pharmacovigilance studies have revealed the existence of rare cases of cardiovascular complications after mass vaccination using such formulations. Cases of high blood pressure have also been reported but were rarely documented under perfectly controlled medical supervision. The press release of these warning signals triggered a huge debate over COVID-19 vaccines' safety. Thereby, our attention was quickly focused on issues involving the risk of myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, hypertension and thrombosis. Rare cases of undesirable post-vaccine pathophysiological phenomena should question us, especially when they occur in young subjects. They are more likely to occur with inappropriate use of mRNA vaccine (e.g., at the time when the immune response is already very active during a low-noise infection in the process of healing), leading to angiotensin II (Ang II) induced inflammation triggering tissue damage. Such harmful effects observed after the COVID-19 vaccine evoke a possible molecular mimicry of the viral spike transiently dysregulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) function. Although the benefit/risk ratio of SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine is very favorable, it seems reasonable to suggest medical surveillance to patients with a history of cardiovascular diseases who receive the COVID-19 vaccine.},
}

@article {pmid37243127,
year = {2023},
author = {Hessien, M and Donia, T and Tabll, AA and Adly, E and Abdelhafez, TH and Attia, A and Alkafaas, SS and Kuna, L and Glasnovic, M and Cosic, V and Smolic, R and Smolic, M},
title = {Mechanistic-Based Classification of Endocytosis-Related Inhibitors: Does It Aid in Assigning Drugs against SARS-CoV-2?.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v15051040},
pmid = {37243127},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) canonically utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and several other endocytic mechanisms to invade airway epithelial cells. Endocytic inhibitors, particularly those targeting CME-related proteins, have been identified as promising antiviral drugs. Currently, these inhibitors are ambiguously classified as chemical, pharmaceutical, or natural inhibitors. However, their varying mechanisms may suggest a more realistic classification system. Herein, we present a new mechanistic-based classification of endocytosis inhibitors, in which they are segregated among four distinct classes including: (i) inhibitors that disrupt endocytosis-related protein-protein interactions, and assembly or dissociation of complexes; (ii) inhibitors of large dynamin GTPase and/or kinase/phosphatase activities associated with endocytosis; (iii) inhibitors that modulate the structure of subcellular components, especially the plasma membrane, and actin; and (iv) inhibitors that cause physiological or metabolic alterations in the endocytosis niche. Excluding antiviral drugs designed to halt SARS-CoV-2 replication, other drugs, either FDA-approved or suggested through basic research, could be systematically assigned to one of these classes. We observed that many anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs could be included either in class III or IV as they interfere with the structural or physiological integrity of subcellular components, respectively. This perspective may contribute to our understanding of the relative efficacy of endocytosis-related inhibitors and support the optimization of their individual or combined antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2. However, their selectivity, combined effects, and possible interactions with non-endocytic cellular targets need more clarification.},
}

@article {pmid37243115,
year = {2023},
author = {Calabrò, GE and Pappalardo, C and D'Ambrosio, F and Vece, M and Lupi, C and Lontano, A and Di Russo, M and Ricciardi, R and de Waure, C},
title = {The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19 Burden of Disease in the Adult and Elderly Population: A Systematic Review of Italian Evidence.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11051011},
pmid = {37243115},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {COVID-19 is a major global health threat, with millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Containment and mitigation strategies, including vaccination, have been implemented to reduce transmission and protect the population. We conducted two systematic reviews to collect nonrandomized studies investigating the effects of vaccination on COVID-19-related complications and deaths in the Italian population. We considered studies conducted in Italian settings and written in English that contained data on the effects of vaccination on COVID-19-related mortality and complications. We excluded studies that pertained to the pediatric population. In total, we included 10 unique studies in our two systematic reviews. The results showed that fully vaccinated individuals had a lower risk of death, severe symptoms, and hospitalization compared to unvaccinated individuals. The review also looked at the impact of vaccination on post-COVID-19 syndrome, the effectiveness of booster doses in older individuals, and nationwide adverse events. Our work highlights the crucial role that vaccination campaigns have played in reducing the burden of COVID-19 disease in the Italian adult population, positively impacting the pandemic trajectory in Italy.},
}

@article {pmid37243100,
year = {2023},
author = {Fu, C and Lin, N and Zhu, J and Ye, Q},
title = {Association between Overweight/Obesity and the Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050996},
pmid = {37243100},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to appraise the interrelation between overweight/obesity and the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination by synthesizing the currently available evidence.

METHODS: A systematic review of published studies on the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in people who were overweight or obese was conducted. Databases including Embase, Medline Epub (Ovid), PsychInfo (Ovid), Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. The databases of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) were also searched for relevant unpublished and gray literature.

RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included in the review. All the included studies used observational study designs; there were ten cohort studies and five cross-sectional studies. The sample size of these studies ranged from 21 to 9,171,524. Thirteen studies reported using BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, USA), four reported using ChAdOx-nCov19 (AstraZeneca, U.K), two were reported using CoronaVac (Sinovac, China), and two were reported using mRNA1273 (Moderna, USA). The efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively studied in individuals with overweight/obesity. Most studies have shown that the humoral response decreases with increasing BMI. The available evidence does not conclusively indicate that these vaccines are generally safe in this population.

CONCLUSION: While the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine may be less than ideal in people who are overweight or obese, it does not mean that obese people should not be vaccinated, as the vaccine can still provide some protection. There is a lack of evidence for conclusions to be drawn about the safety of the vaccine in the population. This study calls on health professionals, policymakers, caregivers, and all other stakeholders to focus on monitoring the possible adverse effects of injections in overweight/obese people.},
}

@article {pmid37243096,
year = {2023},
author = {Meade, E and Rowan, N and Garvey, M},
title = {Bioprocessing and the Production of Antiviral Biologics in the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infectious Disease.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050992},
pmid = {37243096},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Emerging, re-emerging and zoonotic viral pathogens represent a serious threat to human health, resulting in morbidity, mortality and potentially economic instability at a global scale. Certainly, the recent emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus (and its variants) highlighted the impact of such pathogens, with the pandemic creating unprecedented and continued demands for the accelerated production of antiviral therapeutics. With limited effective small molecule therapies available for metaphylaxis, vaccination programs have been the mainstay against virulent viral species. Traditional vaccines remain highly effective at providing high antibody titres, but are, however, slow to manufacture in times of emergency. The limitations of traditional vaccine modalities may be overcome by novel strategies, as outlined herein. To prevent future disease outbreaks, paradigm shift changes in manufacturing and distribution are necessary to advance the production of vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines and other antiviral therapies. Accelerated paths for antivirals have been made possible due to advances in bioprocessing, leading to the production of novel antiviral agents. This review outlines the role of bioprocessing in the production of biologics and advances in mitigating viral infectious disease. In an era of emerging viral diseases and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance, this review provides insight into a significant method of antiviral agent production which is key to protecting public health.},
}

@article {pmid37243095,
year = {2023},
author = {Uversky, VN and Redwan, EM and Makis, W and Rubio-Casillas, A},
title = {IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050991},
pmid = {37243095},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Less than a year after the global emergence of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a novel vaccine platform based on mRNA technology was introduced to the market. Globally, around 13.38 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses of diverse platforms have been administered. To date, 72.3% of the total population has been injected at least once with a COVID-19 vaccine. As the immunity provided by these vaccines rapidly wanes, their ability to prevent hospitalization and severe disease in individuals with comorbidities has recently been questioned, and increasing evidence has shown that, as with many other vaccines, they do not produce sterilizing immunity, allowing people to suffer frequent re-infections. Additionally, recent investigations have found abnormally high levels of IgG4 in people who were administered two or more injections of the mRNA vaccines. HIV, Malaria, and Pertussis vaccines have also been reported to induce higher-than-normal IgG4 synthesis. Overall, there are three critical factors determining the class switch to IgG4 antibodies: excessive antigen concentration, repeated vaccination, and the type of vaccine used. It has been suggested that an increase in IgG4 levels could have a protecting role by preventing immune over-activation, similar to that occurring during successful allergen-specific immunotherapy by inhibiting IgE-induced effects. However, emerging evidence suggests that the reported increase in IgG4 levels detected after repeated vaccination with the mRNA vaccines may not be a protective mechanism; rather, it constitutes an immune tolerance mechanism to the spike protein that could promote unopposed SARS-CoV2 infection and replication by suppressing natural antiviral responses. Increased IgG4 synthesis due to repeated mRNA vaccination with high antigen concentrations may also cause autoimmune diseases, and promote cancer growth and autoimmune myocarditis in susceptible individuals.},
}

@article {pmid37243087,
year = {2023},
author = {Thammathiwat, T and Banjongjit, A and Iampenkhae, K and Townamchai, N and Kanjanabuch, T},
title = {ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050983},
pmid = {37243087},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) proved beneficial for COVID-19 disease attenuation and preventing virus spreading. Cumulative reports of the rarity of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) raise concerns about its relationship with COVID-19 vaccination. Several case reports described ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) following COVID-19 vaccination with some uniqueness. We systematically reviewed COVID-19 vaccine-induced ANCA-GN from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases until 1 January 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines and presented our three cases. Twenty-six cases from 25 articles, including our 3 cases, were analyzed. Most cases were diagnosed following the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (59%) with a median (IQR) interval onset of 14 (16) days. The highest prevalence was related to the mRNA-type vaccine. Anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) ANCA was far more common than the other ANCAs, with various positive autoantibodies. Fourteen cases (out of 29 cases, 48%) had extra-kidney AAV manifestation. Although severe kidney injury was observed in 10/29 (34%), remission was achieved in 89% (25/28) with no death. The mechanisms of the vaccine-inducing ANCA-GN were postulated here. Since ANCA-GN after the COVID-19 vaccine was rare, the benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine could outweigh the risk of ANCA-GN side effects in the pandemic era.},
}

@article {pmid37243078,
year = {2023},
author = {Nabia, S and Wonodi, CB and Vilajeliu, A and Sussman, S and Olson, K and Cooke, R and Udayakumar, K and Twose, C and Ezeanya, N and Adefarrell, AA and Lindstrand, A},
title = {Experiences, Enablers, and Challenges in Service Delivery and Integration of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Rapid Systematic Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050974},
pmid = {37243078},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {COVID Global Accountability Platform/GATES/Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation/United States ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 vaccination is a crucial public health intervention for controlling the spread and severity of the SARS-CoV2 virus. COVID-19 vaccines have been developed in record time, but their deployment has varied across countries, owing to differences in health system capacity, demand for the vaccine, and purchasing power of countries. The aim of this rapid review is to summarize and synthesize experiences on COVID-19 vaccine service delivery and integration to inform future COVID-19 vaccination programming and contribute to the knowledge base for future pandemic management. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Global Index Medicus databases. Twenty-five studies were included in the analysis. Included studies spanned nine countries where COVID-19 vaccines were delivered through mass, mobile, and fixed-post vaccination service delivery models. There was limited evidence of integrating COVID-19 vaccines into routine services for pregnant women, people who inject drugs, and leveraging existing health programs to deliver COVID-19 vaccines to the general population. Common challenges reported were vaccine skepticism, lack of adequate health workers, and linguistic barriers to access. Partnerships with a variety of stakeholders and the involvement of volunteers were vital in overcoming barriers and contributed to the efficient functioning of COVID-19 vaccination programs.},
}

@article {pmid37243073,
year = {2023},
author = {Rodilla, AM and Tavolacci, S and Cagan, J and Shah, T and Mittan, S and Mack, PC and Hirsch, FR},
title = {Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 Vaccination in Lung Cancer Patients: Short Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050969},
pmid = {37243073},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {In comparison to the general population, lung cancer patients are more likely to suffer from severe Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and associated mortality. Considering this increased risk, and in order to prevent symptoms and severe disease, patients with lung cancer have been prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination primary and booster doses. Despite this, the pivotal clinical trials did not include these patients, which leaves open questions regarding vaccine efficacy and humoral immune response. This review outlines the findings of recent investigations into the humoral responses of lung cancer patients to COVID-19 vaccination, particularly the primary doses and first boost.},
}

@article {pmid37243057,
year = {2023},
author = {Albayat, S and Almaslamani, M and Alromaihi, H and Khogali, H and Mundodan, J and Joury, J and Haridy, H},
title = {Key Lessons from COVID-19: A Narrative Review Describing Qatar's Multifactorial Approach in Executing a Vaccination Campaign.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050953},
pmid = {37243057},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Widespread vaccination programs have been implemented in many countries to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic, with varying success and challenges. To better understand the successes and challenges of the global COVID-19 response in the face of emerging new variants and epidemiologic data, we discuss how Qatar engaged the healthcare sector, governmental bodies, and the populace to combat COVID-19, with a focus on the country's vaccination strategy. This narrative provides the history and timeline of the Qatar COVID-19 vaccination campaign; factors that helped the vaccination campaign and the transferable lessons learned are discussed. Details regarding how Qatar responded to challenges, such as vaccine hesitancy and mitigation of misinformation, are highlighted. Qatar was one of the first countries to procure the BNT162b2 (Comirnaty[®]; Pfizer-BioNTech, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA) and mRNA-1273 (Spikevax[®]; Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) COVID-19 vaccines. A relatively high vaccination rate and low case mortality rate (0.14% as of 4 January 2023) was observed in Qatar compared with other countries (global case mortality rate, 1.02%). Learnings will be carried forward as a basis for addressing this evolving pandemic and any future national emergencies in Qatar.},
}

@article {pmid37243010,
year = {2023},
author = {Alcendor, DJ and Matthews-Juarez, P and Smoot, D and Edwards, A and Hildreth, JEK and Juarez, PD},
title = {Vaccine Confidence and Uptake of the Omicron Bivalent Booster in Tennessee: Implications for Vulnerable Populations.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050906},
pmid = {37243010},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {The COVID-19 Omicron variant and its subvariants are now the dominant variants circulating in the US. Therefore, the original COVID-19 vaccine cannot offer full protection. Instead, vaccines that target the spike proteins of the Omicron variants are warranted. Hence, the FDA recommended the development of a bivalent booster. Unfortunately, despite the safety and immunogenicity of the Omicron bivalent boosters from Pfizer and Moderna, uptake in the US has been poor. At this time, only 15.8% of individuals in the US aged five and older have received the Omicron bivalent booster (OBB). The rate is 18% for those aged 18 and older. Poor vaccine confidence and booster uptake are often fueled by misinformation and vaccine fatigue. These result in more problems associated with vaccine hesitancy, which are particular prevalent in Southern states in the US. In Tennessee, the OBB vaccination rate for eligible recipients is only 5.88% at time of writing (16 February 2023). In this review, we discuss (1) the rationale for developing the OBBs; (2) the efficacy and safety of the bivalent boosters; (3) the adverse events associated with these boosters; (4) vaccine hesitancy associated with the OBBs uptake in Tennessee; (5) implications for vulnerable populations, disparities in uptake of OBBs in Tennessee, and strategies to improve vaccine confidence and OBB uptake. In support of public health, it is essential that we continue to provide education, awareness, and vaccine access to the vulnerable and medically underserved populations in Tennessee. Receiving the OBBs is the most effective method to date of protecting the public against severe COVID disease, hospitalization, and death.},
}

@article {pmid37243006,
year = {2023},
author = {Castrodeza-Sanz, J and Sanz-Muñoz, I and Eiros, JM},
title = {Adjuvants for COVID-19 Vaccines.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050902},
pmid = {37243006},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {In recent decades, the improvement of traditional vaccines has meant that we have moved from inactivated whole virus vaccines, which provoke a moderate immune response but notable adverse effects, to much more processed vaccines such as protein subunit vaccines, which despite being less immunogenic have better tolerability profiles. This reduction in immunogenicity is detrimental to the prevention of people at risk. For this reason, adjuvants are a good solution to improve the immunogenicity of this type of vaccine, with much better tolerability profiles and a low prevalence of side effects. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination focused on mRNA-type and viral vector vaccines. However, during the years 2022 and 2023, the first protein-based vaccines began to be approved. Adjuvanted vaccines are capable of inducing potent responses, not only humoral but also cellular, in populations whose immune systems are weak or do not respond properly, such as the elderly. Therefore, this type of vaccine should complete the portfolio of existing vaccines, and could help to complete vaccination against COVID-19 worldwide now and over the coming years. In this review we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of adjuvants, as well as their use in current and future vaccines against COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid37243000,
year = {2023},
author = {De Vito, A and Colpani, A and Trunfio, M and Fiore, V and Moi, G and Fois, M and Leoni, N and Ruiu, S and Babudieri, S and Calcagno, A and Madeddu, G},
title = {Living with HIV and Getting Vaccinated: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050896},
pmid = {37243000},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {After 40 years of its appearance, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a leading public health challenge worldwide. Since the introduction of antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV infection has become a chronic condition, and people living with HIV could have life expectancies close to those of the general population. People with HIV often have an increased risk of infection or experience more severe morbidity following exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases. Nowadays, several vaccines are available against bacteria and viruses. However, national and international vaccination guidelines for people with HIV are heterogeneous, and not every vaccine is included. For these reasons, we aimed to perform a narrative review about the vaccinations available for adults living with HIV, reporting the most updated studies performed for each vaccine among this population. We performed a comprehensive literature search through electronic databases (Pubmed-MEDLINE and Embase) and search engines (Google Scholar). We included English peer-reviewed publications (articles and reviews) on HIV and vaccination. Despite widespread use and guideline recommendations, few vaccine trials have been conducted in people with HIV. In addition, not all vaccines are recommended for people with HIV, especially for those with low CD4 cells count. Clinicians should carefully collect the history of vaccinations and patients' acceptance and preferences and regularly check the presence of antibodies for vaccine-preventable pathogens.},
}

@article {pmid37242990,
year = {2023},
author = {Kawuki, J and Chen, S and Fang, Y and Liang, X and Chan, PS and Wang, Z},
title = {COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Attitude and Perception among Slum and Underserved Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines11050886},
pmid = {37242990},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {This systematic review summarises the literature on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, including acceptance, uptake, hesitancy, attitude and perceptions among slum and underserved communities. Relevant studies were searched from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, following a pre-registered protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42022355101) and PRISMA guidelines. We extracted data, used random-effects models to combine the vaccine acceptance, hesitancy and uptake rates categorically, and performed meta-regression by R software (version 4.2.1). Twenty-four studies with 30,323 participants met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence was 58% (95% CI: 49-67%) for vaccine acceptance, 23% (95% CI: 13-39%) for uptake and 29% (95% CI: 18-43%) for hesitancy. Acceptance and uptake were positively associated with various sociodemographic factors, including older age, higher education level, male gender, ethnicity/race (e.g., Whites vs African Americans), more knowledge and a higher level of awareness of vaccines, but some studies reported inconsistent results. Safety and efficacy concerns, low-risk perception, long distance to vaccination centres and unfavourable vaccination schedules were prominent reasons for hesitancy. Moreover, varying levels of attitudes and perceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccination were reported with existing misconceptions and negative beliefs, and these were strong predictors of vaccination. Infodemic management and continuous vaccine education are needed to address existing misconceptions and negative beliefs, and this should target young, less-educated women and ethnic minorities. Considering mobile vaccination units to vaccinate people at home or workplaces would be a useful strategy in addressing access barriers and increasing vaccine uptake.},
}

@article {pmid37242804,
year = {2023},
author = {Akanchise, T and Angelova, A},
title = {Ginkgo Biloba and Long COVID: In Vivo and In Vitro Models for the Evaluation of Nanotherapeutic Efficacy.},
journal = {Pharmaceutics},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics15051562},
pmid = {37242804},
issn = {1999-4923},
abstract = {Coronavirus infections are neuroinvasive and can provoke injury to the central nervous system (CNS) and long-term illness consequences. They may be associated with inflammatory processes due to cellular oxidative stress and an imbalanced antioxidant system. The ability of phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as Ginkgo biloba, to alleviate neurological complications and brain tissue damage has attracted strong ongoing interest in the neurotherapeutic management of long COVID. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb) contains several bioactive ingredients, e.g., bilobalide, quercetin, ginkgolides A-C, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and luteolin. They have various pharmacological and medicinal effects, including memory and cognitive improvement. Ginkgo biloba, through its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, impacts cognitive function and other illness conditions like those in long COVID. While preclinical research on the antioxidant therapies for neuroprotection has shown promising results, clinical translation remains slow due to several challenges (e.g., low drug bioavailability, limited half-life, instability, restricted delivery to target tissues, and poor antioxidant capacity). This review emphasizes the advantages of nanotherapies using nanoparticle drug delivery approaches to overcome these challenges. Various experimental techniques shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress response in the nervous system and help comprehend the pathophysiology of the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To develop novel therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems, several methods for mimicking oxidative stress conditions have been used (e.g., lipid peroxidation products, mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors, and models of ischemic brain damage). We hypothesize the beneficial effects of EGb in the neurotherapeutic management of long-term COVID-19 symptoms, evaluated using either in vitro cellular or in vivo animal models of oxidative stress.},
}

@article {pmid37242799,
year = {2023},
author = {Usman Khan, M and Cai, X and Shen, Z and Mekonnen, T and Kourmatzis, A and Cheng, S and Gholizadeh, H},
title = {Challenges in the Development and Application of Organ-on-Chips for Intranasal Drug Delivery Studies.},
journal = {Pharmaceutics},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics15051557},
pmid = {37242799},
issn = {1999-4923},
abstract = {With the growing demand for the development of intranasal (IN) products, such as nasal vaccines, which has been especially highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of novel technologies to accurately test the safety and effectiveness of IN products in vitro so that they can be delivered promptly to the market is critically acknowledged. There have been attempts to manufacture anatomically relevant 3D replicas of the human nasal cavity for in vitro IN drug tests, and a couple of organ-on-chip (OoC) models, which mimic some key features of the nasal mucosa, have been proposed. However, these models are still in their infancy, and have not completely recapitulated the critical characteristics of the human nasal mucosa, including its biological interactions with other organs, to provide a reliable platform for preclinical IN drug tests. While the promising potential of OoCs for drug testing and development is being extensively investigated in recent research, the applicability of this technology for IN drug tests has barely been explored. This review aims to highlight the importance of using OoC models for in vitro IN drug tests and their potential applications in IN drug development by covering the background information on the wide usage of IN drugs and their common side effects where some classical examples of each area are pointed out. Specifically, this review focuses on the major challenges of developing advanced OoC technology and discusses the need to mimic the physiological and anatomical features of the nasal cavity and nasal mucosa, the performance of relevant drug safety assays, as well as the fabrication and operational aspects, with the ultimate goal to highlight the much-needed consensus, to converge the effort of the research community in this area of work.},
}

@article {pmid37242591,
year = {2023},
author = {Feng, YX and Hu, H and Wong, YY and Yao, X and He, ML},
title = {Microneedles: An Emerging Vaccine Delivery Tool and a Prospective Solution to the Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination.},
journal = {Pharmaceutics},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics15051349},
pmid = {37242591},
issn = {1999-4923},
abstract = {Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Protective immunity is induced when the immune system is exposed to a vaccine formulation with appropriate immunogenicity. However, traditional injection vaccination is always accompanied by fear and severe pain. As an emerging vaccine delivery tool, microneedles overcome the problems associated with routine needle vaccination, which can effectively deliver vaccines rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the epidermis and dermis painlessly, inducing a strong immune response. In addition, microneedles have the advantages of avoiding cold chain storage and have the flexibility of self-operation, which can solve the logistics and delivery obstacles of vaccines, covering the vaccination of the special population more easily and conveniently. Examples include people in rural areas with restricted vaccine storage facilities and medical professionals, elderly and disabled people with limited mobility, infants and young children afraid of pain. Currently, in the late stage of fighting against COVID-19, the main task is to increase the coverage of vaccines, especially for special populations. To address this challenge, microneedle-based vaccines have great potential to increase global vaccination rates and save many lives. This review describes the current progress of microneedles as a vaccine delivery system and its prospects in achieving mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.},
}

@article {pmid37242447,
year = {2023},
author = {Schaefer, D and Cheng, X},
title = {Recent Advances in Covalent Drug Discovery.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph16050663},
pmid = {37242447},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {In spite of the increasing number of biologics license applications, the development of covalent inhibitors is still a growing field within drug discovery. The successful approval of some covalent protein kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib (BTK covalent inhibitor) and dacomitinib (EGFR covalent inhibitor), and the very recent discovery of covalent inhibitors for viral proteases, such as boceprevir, narlaprevir, and nirmatrelvir, represent a new milestone in covalent drug development. Generally, the formation of covalent bonds that target proteins can offer drugs diverse advantages in terms of target selectivity, drug resistance, and administration concentration. The most important factor for covalent inhibitors is the electrophile (warhead), which dictates selectivity, reactivity, and the type of protein binding (i.e., reversible or irreversible) and can be modified/optimized through rational designs. Furthermore, covalent inhibitors are becoming more and more common in proteolysis, targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for degrading proteins, including those that are currently considered to be 'undruggable'. The aim of this review is to highlight the current state of covalent inhibitor development, including a short historical overview and some examples of applications of PROTAC technologies and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.},
}

@article {pmid37242424,
year = {2023},
author = {Zuo, J and Meng, T and Wang, Y and Tang, W},
title = {A Review of the Antiviral Activities of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoglucuronide.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph16050641},
pmid = {37242424},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {Licorice, a natural medicine derived from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species, possesses a wide range of therapeutic applications, including antiviral properties. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are the most important active ingredients in licorice. Glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is the active metabolite of GL. GL and its metabolites have a wide range of antiviral activities against viruses, such as, the hepatitis virus, herpes virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and so on. Although their antiviral activity has been widely reported, the specific mechanism of action involving multiple links such as the virus itself, cells, and immunity are not clearly established. In this review, we will give an update on the role of GL and its metabolites as antiviral agents, and detail relevant evidence on the potential use and mechanisms of actions. Analyzing antivirals, their signaling, and the impacts of tissue and autoimmune protection may provide promising new therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid37242413,
year = {2023},
author = {Loyola-Cruz, MÁ and Gonzalez-Avila, LU and Martínez-Trejo, A and Saldaña-Padilla, A and Hernández-Cortez, C and Bello-López, JM and Castro-Escarpulli, G},
title = {ESKAPE and Beyond: The Burden of Coinfections in the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens12050743},
pmid = {37242413},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {The ESKAPE group constitute a threat to public health, since these microorganisms are associated with severe infections in hospitals and have a direct relationship with high mortality rates. The presence of these bacteria in hospitals had a direct impact on the incidence of healthcare-associated coinfections in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In recent years, these pathogens have shown resistance to multiple antibiotic families. The presence of high-risk clones within this group of bacteria contributes to the spread of resistance mechanisms worldwide. In the pandemic, these pathogens were implicated in coinfections in severely ill COVID-19 patients. The aim of this review is to describe the main microorganisms of the ESKAPE group involved in coinfections in COVID-19 patients, addressing mainly antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, and high-risk clones.},
}

@article {pmid37242383,
year = {2023},
author = {Devaux, CA and Fantini, J},
title = {Unravelling Antigenic Cross-Reactions toward the World of Coronaviruses: Extent of the Stability of Shared Epitopes and SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens12050713},
pmid = {37242383},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {The human immune repertoire retains the molecular memory of a very great diversity of target antigens (epitopes) and can recall this upon a second encounter with epitopes against which it has previously been primed. Although genetically diverse, proteins of coronaviruses exhibit sufficient conservation to lead to antigenic cross-reactions. In this review, our goal is to question whether pre-existing immunity against seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) or exposure to animal CoVs has influenced the susceptibility of human populations to SARS-CoV-2 and/or had an impact upon the physiopathological outcome of COVID-19. With the hindsight that we now have regarding COVID-19, we conclude that although antigenic cross-reactions between different coronaviruses exist, cross-reactive antibody levels (titers) do not necessarily reflect on memory B cell frequencies and are not always directed against epitopes which confer cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the immunological memory of these infections is short-term and occurs in only a small percentage of the population. Thus, in contrast to what might be observed in terms of cross-protection at the level of a single individual recently exposed to circulating coronaviruses, a pre-existing immunity against HCoVs or other CoVs can only have a very minor impact on SARS-CoV-2 circulation at the level of human populations.},
}

@article {pmid37242368,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhao, J and Zhao, Y and Zhang, G},
title = {Key Aspects of Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens12050698},
pmid = {37242368},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped and positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. IBV was the first coronavirus to be discovered and predominantly causes respiratory disease in commercial poultry worldwide. This review summarizes several important aspects of IBV, including epidemiology, genetic diversity, antigenic diversity, and multiple system disease caused by IBV as well as vaccination and antiviral strategies. Understanding these areas will provide insight into the mechanism of pathogenicity and immunoprotection of IBV and may improve prevention and control strategies for the disease.},
}

@article {pmid37242315,
year = {2023},
author = {Scendoni, R and Bury, E and Lima Arrais Ribeiro, I and Cingolani, M and Cameriere, R and De Benedictis, A and De Micco, F},
title = {Leading Pathogens Involved in Co-Infection and Super-Infection with COVID-19: Forensic Medicine Considerations after a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens12050646},
pmid = {37242315},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about the potential for co-infection or over-infection with other respiratory infections, as they can complicate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. This is also a challenge for forensic pathologists, who may come across cases where the presence of co-infection or over-infection is suspected or confirmed, and it is important that they take this into account when determining the cause of death. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the prevalence of each specific pathogen co-infecting or over-infecting patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In total, 575 studies were selected from the Scopus and Pub-Med online databases and 8 studies were included in a meta-analysis. Male gender, advanced age and nursing home care are risk factors associated with the development of co-infection, whereas age, tachypnoea, hypoxaemia and bacterial infection are predictors of mortality. Overall, however, having a SARS-CoV-2 infection does not represent a real risk for the development of co-infections/super-infections.},
}

@article {pmid37242281,
year = {2023},
author = {Wang, S and Wu, J and Ran, D and Ou, G and Chen, Y and Xu, H and Deng, L and Chen, X},
title = {Study of the Relationship between Mucosal Immunity and Commensal Microbiota: A Bibliometric Analysis.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu15102398},
pmid = {37242281},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {This study presents the first bibliometric evaluation and systematic analysis of publications related to mucosal immunity and commensal microbiota over the last two decades and summarizes the contribution of countries, institutions, and scholars in the study of this field. A total of 1423 articles related to mucosal immunity and commensal microbiota in vivo published in 532 journals by 7774 authors from 1771 institutions in 74 countries/regions were analyzed. The interaction between commensal microbiota in vivo and mucosal immunity is essential in regulating the immune response of the body, maintaining communication between different kinds of commensal microbiota and the host, and so on. Several hot spots in this field have been found to have received extensive attention in recent years, especially the effects of metabolites of key strains on mucosal immunity, the physiopathological phenomena of commensal microbiota in various sites including the intestine, and the relationship between COVID-19, mucosal immunity and microbiota. We hope that the full picture of the last 20 years in this research area provided in this study will serve to deliver necessary cutting-edge information to relevant researchers.},
}

@article {pmid37241870,
year = {2023},
author = {Ambra, R and Melloni, S and Venneria, E},
title = {Could Selenium Supplementation Prevent COVID-19? A Comprehensive Review of Available Studies.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {28},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules28104130},
pmid = {37241870},
issn = {1420-3049},
abstract = {The purpose of this review is to systematically examine the scientific evidence investigating selenium's relationship with COVID-19, aiming to support, or refute, the growing hypothesis that supplementation could prevent COVID-19 etiopathogenesis. In fact, immediately after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several speculative reviews suggested that selenium supplementation in the general population could act as a silver bullet to limit or even prevent the disease. Instead, a deep reading of the scientific reports on selenium and COVID-19 that are available to date supports neither the specific role of selenium in COVID-19 severity, nor the role of its supplementation in the prevention disease onset, nor its etiology.},
}

@article {pmid37241556,
year = {2023},
author = {Tieu, MV and Le, HTN and Cho, S},
title = {Using Nanomaterials for SARS-CoV-2 Sensing via Electrochemical Techniques.},
journal = {Micromachines},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/mi14050933},
pmid = {37241556},
issn = {2072-666X},
abstract = {Advancing low-cost and user-friendly innovations to benefit public health is an important task of scientific and engineering research. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), electrochemical sensors are being developed for low-cost SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, particularly in resource-limited settings. Nanostructures with sizes ranging from 10 nm to a few micrometers could deliver optimum electrochemical behavior (e.g., quick response, compact size, sensitivity and selectivity, and portability), providing an excellent alternative to the existing techniques. Therefore, nanostructures, such as metal, 1D, and 2D materials, have been successfully applied in in vitro and in vivo detection of a wide range of infectious diseases, particularly SARS-CoV-2. Electrochemical detection methods reduce the cost of electrodes, provide analytical ability to detect targets with a wide variety of nanomaterials, and are an essential strategy in biomarker sensing as they can rapidly, sensitively, and selectively detect SARS-CoV-2. The current studies in this area provide fundamental knowledge of electrochemical techniques for future applications.},
}

@article {pmid37241191,
year = {2023},
author = {Anand, A and Aoyagi, H},
title = {Understudied Hyperphosphatemia (Chronic Kidney Disease) Treatment Targets and New Biological Approaches.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {59},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/medicina59050959},
pmid = {37241191},
issn = {1648-9144},
abstract = {Hyperphosphatemia is a secondary disorder of chronic kidney disease that causes vascular calcifications and bone-mineral disorders. As per the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, renal damage requires first-priority medical attention for patients with COVID-19; according to a Johns Hopkins Medicine report, SARS-CoV-2 can cause renal damage. Therefore, addressing the research inputs required to manage hyperphosphatemia is currently in great demand. This review highlights research inputs, such as defects in the diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia, flaws in understanding the mechanisms associated with understudied tertiary toxicities, less cited adverse effects of phosphate binders that question their use in the market, socioeconomic challenges of renal treatment and public awareness regarding the management of a phosphate-controlled diet, novel biological approaches (synbiotics) to prevent hyperphosphatemia as safer strategies with potential additional health benefits, and future functional food formulations to enhance the quality of life. We have not only introduced our contributions to emphasise the hidden aspects and research gaps in comprehending hyperphosphatemia but also suggested new research areas to strengthen approaches to prevent hyperphosphatemia in the near future.},
}

@article {pmid37241099,
year = {2023},
author = {Porosnicu, TM and Sirbu, IO and Oancea, C and Sandesc, D and Bratosin, F and Rosca, O and Jipa, D and Boeriu, E and Bandi, SSS and Pricop, M},
title = {The Impact of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange on Inflammatory Markers and Acute Phase Reactants in Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {59},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/medicina59050867},
pmid = {37241099},
issn = {1648-9144},
abstract = {Background and Objectives: Due to the poor prognosis and the very high mortality rate associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, various regimens have been tried to stop the evolution of the inflammatory cascade, such as immunomodulatory therapy and plasma clearance of the acute phase reactants involved. Therefore, the objective of this review was to analyze the effects of using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), also known as plasmapheresis, on the inflammatory markers of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: A thorough scientific database search was performed, and it included a review of articles published on PubMed, Cochrane Database, Scopus, and Web of Science from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 until September 2022 that focused on the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections using plasma exchange for patients admitted to the ICU. The current study included original articles, reviews, editorials, and short or special communications regarding the topic of interest. Results: A total of 13 articles were selected after satisfying the inclusion criterion of three or more patients enrolled with clinically severe COVID-19 that were eligible for TPE. From the included articles, it was observed that TPE was used as a last-resort salvage therapy that can be regarded as an alternative treatment method when the standard management for these patients fails. TPE significantly decreased the inflammatory status as measured by Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte count, and D-dimers, as well as improving the clinical status measured with PaO2/FiO2 and duration of hospitalization. The pooled mortality risk reduction after TPE was 20%. Conclusions: There are sufficient studies and evidence to show that TPE reduces inflammatory mediators and improves coagulation function and the clinical/paraclinical status. Nevertheless, although it was shown that TPE decreases the severe inflammatory status without significant complications, the improvement of survival rate remains unclear.},
}

@article {pmid37241050,
year = {2023},
author = {Shaik, L and Boike, S and Ramar, K and Subramanian, S and Surani, S},
title = {COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {59},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/medicina59050818},
pmid = {37241050},
issn = {1648-9144},
abstract = {The need for adequate good quality sleep to optimally function is well known. Over years, various physical, psychological, biological, and social factors have been investigated to understand their impact on sleep. However, understanding the etiological processes that are involved in causing sleep disturbances (SD) as impacted by stressful phases such as pandemics has not been well studied. Many such etiological and management strategies have surfaced during the latest "coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The occurrence of these SD in the infected and uninfected individuals poses a need to investigate factors linked to such occurrence during this phase. Some of such factors include stressful practices such as social distancing, masking, vaccines, and medications availability, changes in routines, and lifestyles. As the status of infection improved, a collective term for all the prolonged effects of COVID-19 after the resolution of the primary infection called the post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) surfaced. Apart from impacting sleep during the infectious phase, the aftereffects of this virus left an even greater impact during the PCS. Various mechanisms have been hypothesized to be linked to such SD during the PCS, but the available data are inconclusive. Further, the varied patterns of incidence of these SDs differed by many factors, such as age, gender, and geographical location, making clinical management even more challenging. This review elucidates the impact of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID) disease on sleep health during the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigate different causal relationships, management strategies, and knowledge gaps related to SD during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid37240967,
year = {2023},
author = {Juliá-Burchés, C and Martínez-Varea, A},
title = {An Update on COVID-19 Vaccination and Pregnancy.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm13050797},
pmid = {37240967},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {Pregnant women are more prone to experience severe COVID-19 disease, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, use of invasive ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and mortality compared to non-pregnant individuals. Additionally, research suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, and stillbirth, as well as adverse neonatal outcomes, including hospitalization and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. This review assessed the available literature from November 2021 to 19 March 2023, concerning the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. COVID-19 vaccination administered during pregnancy is not linked to significant adverse events related to the vaccine or negative obstetric, fetal, or neonatal outcomes. Moreover, the vaccine has the same effectiveness in preventing severe COVID-19 disease in pregnant individuals as in the general population. Additionally, COVID-19 vaccination is the safest and most effective method for pregnant women to protect themselves and their newborns from severe COVID-19 disease, hospitalization, and ICU admission. Thus, vaccination should be recommended for pregnant patients. While the immunogenicity of vaccination in pregnancy appears to be similar to that in the general population, more research is needed to determine the optimal timing of vaccination during pregnancy for the benefit of the neonate.},
}

@article {pmid37240943,
year = {2023},
author = {Shad, MU},
title = {Recent Developments in Pharmacotherapy of Depression: Bench to Bedside.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm13050773},
pmid = {37240943},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {For the last 70 years, we did not move beyond the monoamine hypothesis of depression until the approval of the S-enantiomer of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker and the first non-monoaminergic antidepressant characterized by rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects. A similar profile has been reported with another NMDA receptor antagonist, dextromethorphan, which has also been approved to manage depression in combination with bupropion. More recently, the approval of a positive allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptors, brexanolone, has added to the list of recent breakthroughs with the relatively rapid onset of antidepressant efficacy. However, multiple factors have compromised the clinical utility of these exciting discoveries in the general population, including high drug acquisition costs, mandatory monitoring requirements, parenteral drug administration, lack of insurance coverage, indirect COVID-19 effects on healthcare systems, and training gaps in psychopharmacology. This narrative review aims to analyze the clinical pharmacology of recently approved antidepressants and discuss potential barriers to the bench-to-bedside transfer of knowledge and clinical application of exciting recent discoveries. Overall, clinically meaningful advances in the treatment of depression have not reached a large proportion of depressed patients, including those with treatment-resistant depression, who might benefit the most from the novel antidepressants.},
}

@article {pmid37240926,
year = {2023},
author = {De Rose, DU and Pace, PG and Ceccherini-Silberstein, F and Dotta, A and Andreoni, M and Sarmati, L and Iannetta, M},
title = {T Lymphocyte Subset Counts and Interferon-Gamma Production in Adults and Children with COVID-19: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm13050755},
pmid = {37240926},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {Adults and children exhibit a broad range of clinical outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection, with minimal to mild symptoms, especially in the pediatric age. However, some children present with a severe hyperinflammatory post-infectious complication named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), mainly affecting previously healthy subjects. Understanding these differences is still an ongoing challenge, that can lead to new therapeutic strategies and avoid unfavorable outcomes. In this review, we discuss the different roles of T lymphocyte subsets and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the immune responses of adults and children. Lymphopenia can influence these responses and represent a good predictor for the outcome, as reported by most authors. The increased IFN-γ response exhibited by children could be the starting point for the activation of a broad response that leads to MIS-C, with a significantly higher risk than in adults, although a single IFN signature has not been identified. Multicenter studies with large cohorts in both age groups are still needed to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis with new tools and to understand how is possible to better modulate immune responses.},
}

@article {pmid37240592,
year = {2023},
author = {Jalil, Y and Ferioli, M and Dres, M},
title = {The COVID-19 Driving Force: How It Shaped the Evidence of Non-Invasive Respiratory Support.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm12103486},
pmid = {37240592},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) became crucial in treating patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Despite the fear of viral aerosolization, non-invasive respiratory support has gained attention as a way to alleviate ICU overcrowding and reduce the risks associated with intubation. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented increased demand for research, resulting in numerous publications on observational studies, clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses in the past three years. This comprehensive narrative overview describes the physiological rationale, pre-COVID-19 evidence, and results of observational studies and randomized control trials regarding the use of high-flow nasal oxygen, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and continuous positive airway pressure in adult patients with COVID-19 and associated acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The review also highlights the significance of guidelines and recommendations provided by international societies and the need for further well-designed research to determine the optimal use of NIRS in treating this population.},
}