@article {pmid39276979,
year = {2024},
author = {Clogston, JD and Foss, W and Harris, D and Oberoi, H and Pan, J and Pu, E and Guzmán, EAT and Walter, K and Brown, S and Soo, PL},
title = {Current state of Nanomedicine Drug Products: An Industry Perspective.},
journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.005},
pmid = {39276979},
issn = {1520-6017},
abstract = {Nanomedicine drug products have reached an unprecedented high in terms of global commercial acceptance and media exposure with the approvals of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in 2021. In this paper, we examine the current state of the art for nanomedicine technologies as applied for pharmaceutical products and compare those trends with results from a recent IQ Consortium industry survey on nanomedicine drug products. We find that 1) industry companies continue to push the envelope in terms of new technologies for characterizing their specific drug products, 2) new analytical technologies continue to be utilized by industry to characterize the increasingly complex nanomedicine drug products and 3) alignment and communication are key between industry and regulatory authorities to better understand the regulatory filings that are being submitted. There are many CMC challenges that a company must overcome to successfully file a nanomedicine drug product. In 2022, the FDA Guidance on Drug Products containing Nanomaterials was published, and it provides a roadmap for submission of a nanomedicine drug product. We propose that our paper serves as a complimentary guide providing knowledge on specific CMC issues such as quality attributes, physicochemical characterization methods, excipients, and stability.},
}

@article {pmid39276508,
year = {2024},
author = {Rahmani, D and Jafari, A and Kesharwani, P and Sahebkar, A},
title = {Molecular targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection: An update on repurposed drug candidates.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {263},
number = {},
pages = {155589},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2024.155589},
pmid = {39276508},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {The 2019 widespread contagion of the human coronavirus novel type (SARS-CoV-2) led to a pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization. A daily increase in patient numbers has formed an urgent necessity to find suitable targets and treatment options for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite scientists' struggles to discover quick treatment solutions, few effective specific drugs are approved to control SARS-CoV-2 infections thoroughly. Drug repositioning or Drug repurposing and target-based approaches are promising strategies for facilitating the drug discovery process. Here, we review current in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical updates regarding proposed drugs for prospective treatment options for COVID-19. Drug targets that can direct pharmaceutical sciences efforts to discover new drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are divided into two categories: Virus-based targets, for example, Spike glycoprotein and Nucleocapsid Protein, and host-based targets, for instance, inflammatory cytokines and cell receptors through which the virus infects the cell. A broad spectrum of drugs has been found to show anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential, including antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies, statins, anti-inflammatory agents, and herbal products.},
}

@article {pmid39276453,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, R and Zhang, Q and Wu, T and Pan, Y and Wei, A and Shi, Y and Bai, J and Liu, L and Tian, H and An, N},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 reactivates fungal-associated Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {142},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {113141},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113141},
pmid = {39276453},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease characterized by the uncontrolled activation of the immune system, resulting in a high clinical mortality rate. A 56-year-old Chinese female presented at the emergency room with symptoms including fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Laboratory investigations demonstrated decreased levels of white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets while interleukin-6 and ferritin exhibited significant elevations. She was subsequently admitted to the hematology department, where she was diagnosed with HLH caused by a Candida infection. Following treatment with antifungal agents, glucocorticoids, antiemetics, diuretics, and hepatoprotective therapy, the patient's condition has shown improvement. However, after being infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the patient experienced a reactivation of HLH, resulting in a more severe clinical presentation and complications compared to the initial onset. Although the patient's condition improved after the administration of antiviral drugs, etoposide, glucocorticoids, cyclosporin, and intravenous immunoglobulin, this case highlights the possibility of disease reactivation during the recovery phase of HLH. This should raise the attention of medical professionals.},
}

@article {pmid39268652,
year = {2024},
author = {Edgar, JE and Bournazos, S},
title = {Fc-FcγR interactions during infections: From neutralizing antibodies to antibody-dependent enhancement.},
journal = {Immunological reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imr.13393},
pmid = {39268652},
issn = {1600-065X},
support = {R01AI137276//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; R01AI145870//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; U19AI111825//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; R01CA244327/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Advances in antibody technologies have resulted in the development of potent antibody-based therapeutics with proven clinical efficacy against infectious diseases. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), mainly against viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, Ebola virus, influenza virus, and hepatitis B virus, are currently undergoing clinical testing or are already in use. Although these mAbs exhibit potent neutralizing activity that effectively blocks host cell infection, their antiviral activity results not only from Fab-mediated virus neutralization, but also from the protective effector functions mediated through the interaction of their Fc domains with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on effector leukocytes. Fc-FcγR interactions confer pleiotropic protective activities, including the clearance of opsonized virions and infected cells, as well as the induction of antiviral T-cell responses. However, excessive or inappropriate activation of specific FcγR pathways can lead to disease enhancement and exacerbated pathology, as seen in the context of dengue virus infections. A comprehensive understanding of the diversity of Fc effector functions during infection has guided the development of engineered antiviral antibodies optimized for maximal effector activity, as well as the design of targeted therapeutic approaches to prevent antibody-dependent enhancement of disease.},
}

@article {pmid39268637,
year = {2024},
author = {Srour, L and Ismail, J and Zareef, R and Arabi, M},
title = {Cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19: what did we learn?.},
journal = {Cardiology in the young},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1017/S1047951124025484},
pmid = {39268637},
issn = {1467-1107},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has generated a global pandemic with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Cardiovascular complications are frequently observed in individuals with COVID-19, particularly those with preexisting cardiovascular risk factors or diseases. Cardiac biomarkers, including troponin, natriuretic peptides, and inflammatory markers, play a vital role in risk stratification, diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. These biomarkers provide valuable insights into cardiac injury, myocardial stress, inflammation, and the prediction of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This review aims to provide better understanding of how Cardiac biomarkers correlate to clinical manifestation of COVID-19.

METHODS: We retrieved studies from PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholars that included results on cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19. Total of 14 studies were reviewed.

RESULTS: 8 studies showed evidence of poor progression of the disease when there is increased troponin. 6 studies out of the 14 mentioned in this review showed positive correlation between mortality and elevation in cardiac biomarkers. This shows the significance of cardiac biomarkers in predicting the mortality in patients with COVID-19.

CONCLUSION: It was shown that elevated cardiac biomarkers were associated significantly to poor outcome of covid-19 infection. The outcomes that were linked to increased cardiac biomarkers included increased length of hospitalization, need of life sustaining treatment, myocarditis, invasive and non-invasive respiratory support, and even death were linked to elevated cardiac biomarkers levels.},
}

@article {pmid39267228,
year = {2024},
author = {SeyedAlinaghi, S and Yarmohammadi, S and Farahani Rad, F and Rasheed, MA and Javaherian, M and Afsahi, AM and Siami, H and Bagheri, A and Zand, A and Dadras, O and Mehraeen, E},
title = {Prevalence of COVID-19 in prison population: a meta-analysis of 35 studies.},
journal = {International journal of prison health},
volume = {ahead-of-print},
number = {ahead-of-print},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1108/IJOPH-01-2024-0005},
pmid = {39267228},
issn = {2977-0262},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; *Prisons/statistics & numerical data ; *Prisoners/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Considering the restricted and enclosed nature of prisons and closed environments and the prolonged and close contact between individuals, COVID-19 is more likely to have a higher incidence in these settings. This study aims to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 among prisoners.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Papers published in English from 2019 to July 7, 2023, were identified using relevant keywords such as prevalence, COVID-19 and prisoner in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar. For the meta-analysis of the prevalence, Cochrane's Q statistics were calculated. A random effect model was used due to the heterogeneity in COVID-19 prevalence across included studies in the meta-analysis. All analyses were performed in STATA-13.

FINDINGS: The pooled data presented a COVID-19 prevalence of 20% [95%CI: 0.13, 0.26] and 24% [95%CI: 0.07, 0.41], respectively, in studies that used PCR and antibody tests. Furthermore, two study designs, cross-sectional and cohort, were used. The results of the meta-analysis showed studies with cross-sectional and cohort designs reported 20% [95%CI: 0.11, 0.29] and 25% [95%CI: 0.13, 0.38], respectively.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Through more meticulous planning, it is feasible to reduce the number of individuals in prison cells, thereby preventing the further spread of COVID-19.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology
Humans
Prevalence
*Prisons/statistics & numerical data
*Prisoners/statistics & numerical data
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39275964,
year = {2024},
author = {Takahashi, S},
title = {Signaling effect, combinations, and clinical applications of triciribine.},
journal = {Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1080/1120009X.2024.2403050},
pmid = {39275964},
issn = {1973-9478},
abstract = {Triciribine (TCN) is a tricyclic nucleoside. Its synthesis was first described in 1971. Subsequent studies have indicated that TCN plays a role in inhibiting DNA synthesis and was revealed to possess a higher selectivity for Akt. Although a single dose of TCN demonstrated limited activity in solid tumors at the clinical level, combinations of TCN with various agents, such as specific inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, ErbB inhibitor tipifarnib, IGF1-R inhibitor NVP-AEW541, mTORC1 inhibitor RAD-001, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, PPARγ agonist, 1,25(OH)2D3, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel, have been reported to be efficient against various malignancies such as pancreatic, breast, prostate cancer, insulinoma, gut neuroendocrine tumor, and hepatocellular carcinoma at the preclinical level. Other than malignancies, through Akt inhibition activity, TCN has also been demonstrated potential for treating lung injuries, including those encountered in COVID-19 infections.},
}

@article {pmid39274209,
year = {2024},
author = {Murillo-Llorente, MT and Ventura, I and Tomás-Aguirre, F and Defez-Martin, M and Martín-Díaz, MI and Atienza-Ramirez, S and Llorca-Colomer, F and Asins-Cubells, A and Legidos-García, ME and Pérez-Bermejo, M},
title = {Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia in Pregnant Women with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39274209},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Although articles and reviews have been published on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy outcomes, they show mixed results with different hypotheses, and no work has focused specifically on the prevalence of thrombocytopenia. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize previous evidence and estimate the prevalence of thrombocytopenia in pregnant women with COVID-19. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-2020 and MOOSE guidelines. The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched in February 2024, and a meta-analysis of the overall prevalence of thrombocytopenia in pregnant women with COVID-19 was performed. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. A leave-1-out sensitivity analysis was performed to test for disproportionate effect. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger's test. Results: A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 8 were included in the meta-analysis. There was significant (Q = 101.04) and substantial heterogeneity among the studies (I[2] = 93.07%). There were no quality-based exclusions from the review of eligible studies. The combined effect of the studies showed a prevalence of thrombocytopenia of 22.9% (95%CI 4.8-41.0%). Subgroup analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the pooled prevalence of thrombocytopenia ([16.5%; 30.3%]; p = 0.375. Egger's test for bias was not significant, indicating that smaller studies did not report larger estimates of prevalence (t = 1.01, p = 0.353). Moreover, no potential publication bias was found. Our results are consistent with those obtained in pregnant women without COVID-19 infection and extend those of previous reviews of the effect of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: Infection during pregnancy does not seem to be an additional risk factor for platelet count, although monitoring platelet count in pregnant women with COVID-19 may be of great importance to determine possible therapeutic strategies, especially in emergency cases.},
}

@article {pmid39273582,
year = {2024},
author = {Drzymała, A},
title = {The Functions of SARS-CoV-2 Receptors in Diabetes-Related Severe COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273582},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*COVID-19/metabolism/virology/complications ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism/pathogenicity ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; *Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP/metabolism ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism/virology ; Virus Internalization ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is considered a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor of high importance, but due to its non-ubiquitous expression, studies of other proteins that may participate in virus internalisation have been undertaken. To date, many alternative receptors have been discovered. Their functioning may provide an explanation for some of the events observed in severe COVID-19 that cannot be directly explained by the model in which ACE2 constitutes the central point of infection. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) can induce severe COVID-19 development. Although many mechanisms associated with ACE2 can lead to increased SARS-CoV-2 virulence in diabetes, proteins such as basigin (CD147), glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), transferrin receptor (TfR), integrins α5β1/αvβ3, or ACE2 co-receptors neuropilin 2 (NRP2), vimentin, and even syalilated gangliosides may also be responsible for worsening the COVID-19 course. On the other hand, some others may play protective roles. Understanding how diabetes-associated mechanisms can induce severe COVID-19 via modification of virus receptor functioning needs further extensive studies.},
}

*COVID-19/metabolism/virology/complications
Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/metabolism/pathogenicity
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
*Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP/metabolism
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism/virology
Virus Internalization
Receptors, Virus/metabolism

@article {pmid39273366,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, W and Langhans, SA and Johnson, DK and Stauff, E and Kandula, VVR and Kecskemethy, HH and Averill, LW and Yue, X},
title = {Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273366},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {U54GM104941/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P20GM103446/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R21EB032025/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA263216/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; Unnumbered//The Nemours Foundation./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; *Molecular Imaging/methods ; *COVID-19/metabolism/diagnostic imaging ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods ; },
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) are well-known for their roles in both blood pressure regulation via the renin-angiotensin system as well as functions in fertility, immunity, hematopoiesis, and many others. The two main isoforms of ACE include ACE and ACE-2 (ACE2). Both isoforms have similar structures and mediate numerous effects on the cardiovascular system. Most remarkably, ACE2 serves as an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the interaction between the virus and ACE2 is vital to combating the disease and preventing a similar pandemic in the future. Noninvasive imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography could noninvasively and quantitatively assess in vivo ACE2 expression levels. ACE2-targeted imaging can be used as a valuable tool to better understand the mechanism of the infection process and the potential roles of ACE2 in homeostasis and related diseases. Together, this information can aid in the identification of potential therapeutic drugs for infectious diseases, cancer, and many ACE2-related diseases. The present review summarized the state-of-the-art radiotracers for ACE2 imaging, including their chemical design, pharmacological properties, radiochemistry, as well as preclinical and human molecular imaging findings. We also discussed the advantages and limitations of the currently developed ACE2-specific radiotracers.},
}

Humans
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
*Molecular Imaging/methods
*COVID-19/metabolism/diagnostic imaging
*SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry/metabolism
Animals
Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods

@article {pmid39273355,
year = {2024},
author = {Tarasova, O and Petrou, A and Ivanov, SM and Geronikaki, A and Poroikov, V},
title = {Viral Factors in Modulation of Host Immune Response: A Route to Novel Antiviral Agents and New Therapeutic Approaches.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273355},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {124050800018-9//Program for Basic Research in the Russian Federation for a long-term period (2021-2030)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Virus Diseases/drug therapy/immunology/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology/drug effects ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/virology ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Animals ; Viruses/drug effects/immunology ; },
abstract = {Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system counteracts viruses through a variety of complex mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive components. Viruses have an ability to evade different components of the immune system and affect them, leading to disruption. This review covers contemporary knowledge about the virus-induced complex interplay of molecular interactions, including regulation of transcription and translation in host cells resulting in the modulation of immune system functions. Thorough investigation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are involved in modulating of host immune response to viral infections can help to develop novel approaches for antiviral therapy. In this review, we consider new therapeutic approaches for antiviral treatment. Modern therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered in detail because HIV is a unique example of a virus that leads to host T lymphocyte deregulation and significant modulation of the host immune response. Furthermore, peculiarities of some promising novel agents for the treatment of various viral infections are described.},
}

Humans
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Virus Diseases/drug therapy/immunology/virology
Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology/drug effects
HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/virology
Immunity, Innate/drug effects
Animals
Viruses/drug effects/immunology

@article {pmid39273275,
year = {2024},
author = {Bustin, SA},
title = {RT-qPCR Testing and Performance Metrics in the COVID-19 Era.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273275},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/virology/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification ; *RNA, Viral/genetics/analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods/standards ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Pandemics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/standards ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the crucial role of diagnostic testing in managing infectious diseases, particularly through the use of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests. RT-qPCR has been pivotal in detecting and quantifying viral RNA, enabling the identification and management of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, despite its widespread use, there remains a notable gap in understanding fundamental diagnostic metrics such as sensitivity and specificity among many scientists and healthcare practitioners. This gap is not merely academic; it has profound implications for interpreting test results, making public health decisions, and affecting patient outcomes. This review aims to clarify the distinctions between laboratory- and field-based metrics in the context of RT-qPCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 and summarise the global efforts that led to the development and optimisation of these tests during the pandemic. It is intended to enhance the understanding of these fundamental concepts among scientists and healthcare professionals who may not be familiar with the nuances of diagnostic test evaluation. Such knowledge is crucial for accurately interpreting test results, making informed public health decisions, and ultimately managing infectious disease outbreaks more effectively.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/virology/epidemiology
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification
*RNA, Viral/genetics/analysis
Sensitivity and Specificity
COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods/standards
COVID-19 Testing/methods
Pandemics
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/standards

@article {pmid39273209,
year = {2024},
author = {de la Bastida-Casero, L and García-León, B and Tura-Ceide, O and Oliver, E},
title = {The Relevance of the Endothelium in Cardiopulmonary Disorders.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273209},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {PID2021-123167OB-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/ ; RED2022-134299-T//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/ ; PRE2022-104403//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/ ; PIPF-2022/SAL-GL-24824//Comunidad de Madrid/ ; 202336-31//Fundacio La Marato de TV3/ ; CPII22/00006//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; 20222AT010//Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism/pathology ; *Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Animals ; Lung Diseases/pathology/therapy/metabolism/physiopathology ; Heart Diseases/metabolism/therapy/pathology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; },
abstract = {The endothelium is a cell monolayer that lines vessels and separates tissues from blood flow. Endothelial cells (ECs) have a multitude of functions, including regulating blood flow and systemic perfusion through changes in vessel diameter. When an injury occurs, the endothelium is affected by altering its functions and structure, which leads to endothelial dysfunction, a characteristic of many vascular diseases. Understanding the role that the endothelium plays in pulmonary vascular and cardiopulmonary diseases, and exploring new therapeutic strategies is of utmost importance to advance clinically. Currently, there are several treatments able to improve patients' quality of life, however, none are effective nor curative. This review examines the critical role of the endothelium in the pulmonary vasculature, investigating the alterations that occur in ECs and their consequences for blood vessels and potential molecular targets to regulate its alterations. Additionally, we delve into promising non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies, such as exercise and diet. The significance of the endothelium in cardiopulmonary disorders is increasingly being recognized, making ECs a relevant target for novel therapies aimed at preserving their functional and structural integrity.},
}

Humans
*Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism/pathology
*Endothelial Cells/metabolism
Animals
Lung Diseases/pathology/therapy/metabolism/physiopathology
Heart Diseases/metabolism/therapy/pathology
Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/pathology/therapy

@article {pmid39273149,
year = {2024},
author = {Ivachtchenko, AV and Khvat, AV and Shkil, DO},
title = {Development and Prospects of Furin Inhibitors for Therapeutic Applications.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273149},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Furin/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Humans ; Animals ; Peptidomimetics/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry ; Peptides/therapeutic use/chemistry/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry ; Drug Development ; },
abstract = {Furin, a serine protease enzyme located in the Golgi apparatus of animal cells, plays a crucial role in cleaving precursor proteins into their mature, active forms. It is ubiquitously expressed across various tissues, including the brain, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and reproductive organs. Since its discovery in 1990, furin has been recognized as a significant therapeutic target, leading to the active development of furin inhibitors for potential use in antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, and other therapeutic applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in the development and characterization of furin inhibitors, encompassing peptides, linear and macrocyclic peptidomimetics, and non-peptide compounds, highlighting their potential in the treatment of both infectious and non-infectious diseases.},
}

*Furin/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
Humans
Animals
Peptidomimetics/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry
Peptides/therapeutic use/chemistry/pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry
Drug Development

@article {pmid39273134,
year = {2024},
author = {Zong, Y and Kamoi, K and Miyagaki, M and Zhang, J and Yang, M and Zou, Y and Ohno-Matsui, K},
title = {Applications of Biological Therapy for Latent Infections: Benefits and Risks.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273134},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {JP 20K09824//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; 22FC0201//Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan/ ; 23fk0108671h0001, 23fk0108672h0001//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED/ ; FY2023//Takeda Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Biological Therapy/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Biological therapies have revolutionized medical treatment by targeting the key mediators or receptors involved in inflammatory responses, thereby effectively suppressing inflammation and achieving beneficial outcomes. They are more advanced than conventional therapies using corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, offering effective solutions for autoimmune diseases, cancer, transplant rejection, and various infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019. Although they exert low immunosuppressive effects, biological therapies can reactivate specific biological targets associated with infections. This review summarizes the currently available biological therapies and discusses their immunosuppressive mechanisms and clinical applications, highlighting the variations in the types and frequencies of infection recurrence induced by different biological agents. Additionally, this review describes the risk factors associated with various biological agents, thus aiding clinicians in selecting the most appropriate biological therapy.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Biological Therapy/methods
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects
Risk Factors

@article {pmid39273095,
year = {2024},
author = {Lv, J and Xiong, X},
title = {Extracellular Vesicle microRNA: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Respiratory Diseases.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273095},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism/genetics ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; *Biomarkers ; *COVID-19/genetics ; Asthma/genetics/metabolism/therapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics/therapy/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and coronavirus pneumonia, present a major global health challenge. Current diagnostic and therapeutic options for these diseases are limited, necessitating the urgent development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) within extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received considerable attention due to their crucial role in intercellular communication and disease progression. EVs are membrane-bound structures released by cells into the extracellular environment, encapsulating a variety of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins. Specifically, miRNAs within EVs, known as EV-miRNAs, facilitate intercellular communication by regulating gene expression. The expression levels of these miRNAs can reflect distinct disease states and significantly influence immune cell function, chronic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other pathological processes. Consequently, EV-miRNAs have a profound impact on the onset, progression, and therapeutic responses of respiratory diseases, with great potential for disease management. Synthesizing the current understanding of EV-miRNAs in respiratory diseases such as COPD, asthma, lung cancer, and novel coronavirus pneumonia, this review aims to explore the potential of EV-miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets and examine their prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of these respiratory diseases.},
}

Humans
*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism/genetics
*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism
*Biomarkers
*COVID-19/genetics
Asthma/genetics/metabolism/therapy
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics/therapy/metabolism
Lung Neoplasms/genetics/therapy/metabolism/pathology
Animals
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39273060,
year = {2024},
author = {Hobbs, KJ and Bayless, R and Sheats, MK},
title = {A Comparative Review of Cytokines and Cytokine Targeting in Sepsis: From Humans to Horses.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {13},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273060},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {2T32OD011130-16//NIH T-32 Graduate Fellowshi/ ; },
mesh = {Horses ; Animals ; Humans ; *Cytokines/metabolism ; *Sepsis/immunology/drug therapy ; *COVID-19/immunology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; },
abstract = {With the emergence of COVID-19, there is an increased focus in human literature on cytokine production, the implications of cytokine overproduction, and the development of novel cytokine-targeting therapies for use during sepsis. In addition to viral infections such as COVID-19, bacterial infections resulting in exposure to endotoxins and exotoxins in humans can also lead to sepsis, resulting in organ failure and death. Like humans, horses are exquisitely sensitive to endotoxin and are among the veterinary species that develop clinical sepsis similar to humans. These similarities suggest that horses may serve as a naturally occurring model of human sepsis. Indeed, evidence shows that both species experience cytokine dysregulation, severe neutropenia, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and decreased perfusion parameters during sepsis. Sepsis treatments that target cytokines in both species include hemoperfusion therapy, steroids, antioxidants, and immunomodulation therapy. This review will present the shared cytokine physiology across humans and horses as well as historical and updated perspectives on cytokine-targeting therapy. Finally, this review will discuss the potential benefits of increased knowledge of equine cytokine mechanisms and their potential positive impact on human medicine.},
}

Horses
Animals
Humans
*Cytokines/metabolism
*Sepsis/immunology/drug therapy
*COVID-19/immunology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Disease Models, Animal

@article {pmid39273008,
year = {2024},
author = {Verma, A and Inslicht, SS and Bhargava, A},
title = {Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiome, Metabolomics, Hormones, and Stress in Mental Health Disorders.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {13},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273008},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; *Mental Disorders/metabolism/microbiology ; Metabolomics ; Hormones/metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/metabolism/microbiology ; Mental Health ; COVID-19/metabolism/virology ; Brain/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The influence of gut microbiome, metabolites, omics, hormones, and stress on general and mental health is increasingly being recognized. Ancient cultures recognized the importance of diet and gut health on the overall health of an individual. Western science and modern scientific methods are beginning to unravel the foundations and mechanisms behind some of the ancient beliefs and customs. The gut microbiome, an organ itself, is now thought to influence almost all other organs, ranging from the brain to the reproductive systems. Gut microbiome, metabolites, hormones, and biological sex also influence a myriad of health conditions that range from mental health disorders, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiovascular diseases to reproductive health. Here, we review the history and current understanding of the gut-brain axis bidirectional talk in various mental health disorders with special emphasis on anxiety and depressive disorders, whose prevalence has increased by over 50% in the past three decades with COVID-19 pandemic being the biggest risk factor in the last few years. The vagal nerve is an important contributor to this bidirectional talk, but other pathways also contribute, and most remain understudied. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species seem to have the most impact on improvement in mental health symptoms, but the challenge appears to be maintaining sustained levels, especially since neither Lactobacillus nor Bifidobacterium can permanently colonize the gut. Ancient endogenous retroviral DNA in the human genome is also linked to several psychiatric disorders, including depression. These discoveries reveal the complex and intricately intertwined nature of gut health with mental health disorders.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Brain-Gut Axis/physiology
*Mental Disorders/metabolism/microbiology
Metabolomics
Hormones/metabolism
Stress, Psychological/metabolism/microbiology
Mental Health
COVID-19/metabolism/virology
Brain/metabolism
Animals

@article {pmid39127088,
year = {2024},
author = {Almulla, AF and Thipakorn, Y and Zhou, B and Vojdani, A and Maes, M},
title = {Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity},
volume = {122},
number = {},
pages = {75-94},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.036},
pmid = {39127088},
issn = {1090-2139},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cytokines/metabolism/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Chemokines/metabolism/immunology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/immunology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have shown that Long COVID (LC) disease is associated with heightened immune activation, as evidenced by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. However, there is no comprehensive meta-analysis focusing on activation of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) along with other immune phenotypes in LC patients.

OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis is designed to explore the IRS and CIRS profiles in LC patients, the individual cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, along with C-reactive protein (CRP) and immune-associated neurotoxicity.

METHODS: To gather relevant studies for our research, we conducted a thorough search using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, covering all available literature up to July 5th, 2024.

RESULTS: The current meta-analysis encompassed 103 studies that examined multiple immune profiles, C-reactive protein, and 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in 5502 LC patients versus 5962 normal controls (NC). LC patients showed significant increases in IRS/CIRS ratio (standardized mean difference (SMD: 0.156, confidence interval (CI): 0.062;0.250), IRS (SMD: 0.338, CI: 0.236;0.440), M1 macrophage (SMD: 0.371, CI: 0.263;0.480), T helper (Th)1 (SMD: 0.316, CI: 0.185;0.446), Th17 (SMD: 0.439, CI: 0.302;0.577) and immune-associated neurotoxicity (SMD: 0.384, CI: 0.271;0.497). In addition, CRP and 21 different cytokines displayed significantly elevated levels in LC patients compared to NC.

CONCLUSION: LC disease is characterized by IRS activation and increased immune-associated neurotoxicity.},
}

Humans
*Cytokines/metabolism/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Chemokines/metabolism/immunology
Neurotoxicity Syndromes/immunology
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism

@article {pmid39106789,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Y and Liu, L and Chen, F and Zhan, W and Li, M and Su, Y},
title = {Acute necrotizing encephalopathy infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in children: Case series and literature review of clinical outcomes with the use of Tocilizumab.},
journal = {European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society},
volume = {52},
number = {},
pages = {67-75},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.07.009},
pmid = {39106789},
issn = {1532-2130},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications/mortality ; Male ; Female ; *Leukoencephalitis, Acute Hemorrhagic/drug therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Infant ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Treatment Outcome ; Adolescent ; China/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), which has a high mortality rate and severe sequelae. This study aimed to identify ANE early and evaluate the usefulness of tocilizumab in ANE treatment.

METHODS: We retrospectively included eight paeefediatric ANE cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 at Xi'an Children's Hospital, China, from December 1, 2022 to May 1, 2023. A literature search was performed using the PUBMED, SPRING, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases. This study included eleven patients. Clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, imaging features, and treatment options were analysed.

RESULTS: Eight of the 19 cases (42 %) died, one (5 %) recovered, and nine (47 %) improved with residual neurological dysfunction. Eighteen patients presented with fever, with 56 % having ≥40 °C. Twelve patients (63 %) presented with dysfunction consciousness. Eight (42 %) patients experienced frequent convulsions. All eight patients in our hospital had elevated procalcitonin levels (mean: 21.32 ng/mL, range: 0.10-89.40 ng/mL). Alanine aminotransferase levels were elevated (mean: 632.81 U/L, range: 13.00-2251.00 U/L) in six patients. Seven patients showed elevated uric acid levels(mean: 396.50 μmol/L, range: 157.00-660.00 μmol/L). Brain imaging indicated that all the patients had symmetrical injuries to the bilateral thalami, accompanied by symmetrical injuries in the cerebrum, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brain stem. Compared with the classical treatment (n = 9), the combination with tocilizumab (n = 6) showed a statistically difference in mortality (p = 0.028 < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The typical clinical manifestations of ANE in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection are acute onset with high fever, frequent convulsions and rapidly worsening disturbance of consciousness. Tocilizumab treatment could reduces mortality in ANE.},
}

Humans
*Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/complications/mortality
Male
Female
*Leukoencephalitis, Acute Hemorrhagic/drug therapy
Child, Preschool
Child
Retrospective Studies
*SARS-CoV-2
Infant
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Treatment Outcome
Adolescent
China/epidemiology

@article {pmid38908937,
year = {2024},
author = {Erdoes, G and Martin, AK},
title = {Transatlantic Educational Network: An Innovation Born of Necessity.},
journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
volume = {38},
number = {10},
pages = {2198-2203},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2024.04.013},
pmid = {38908937},
issn = {1532-8422},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Anesthesiology/education/trends ; United States ; Europe ; Pilot Projects ; Education, Medical, Graduate/methods/trends ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic brought about many changes in the delivery of healthcare, graduate medical education, and collaborative efforts across academic medicine. While there was a temporary disruption in the fluid delivery of services, longer-term benefits emerged with the leveraging of innovative technology and multicenter collaborations. These new opportunities led 14 centers in the United States and Europe to develop a novel, remote, and collaborative educational effort in cardiovascular and thoracic anesthesiology, known as the Transatlantic Educational Network. This paper describes the initial pilot structure and preimplementation data and provides a rationale for the development and expansion of the pilot program in other areas of anesthesiology.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Anesthesiology/education/trends
United States
Europe
Pilot Projects
Education, Medical, Graduate/methods/trends
Pandemics

@article {pmid39272823,
year = {2024},
author = {Samà, L and Rodda, GA and Ruspi, L and Sicoli, F and D'Amato, V and Renne, SL and Laffi, A and Baldaccini, D and Clerici, E and Navarria, P and Scorsetti, M and Bertuzzi, AF and Quagliuolo, VL and Cananzi, FCM},
title = {Mesenchymal Tumor Management: Integrating Surgical and Non-Surgical Strategies in Different Clinical Scenarios.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {16},
number = {17},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers16172965},
pmid = {39272823},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Mesenchymal tumors originate from mesenchymal cells and can be either benign or malignant, such as bone, soft tissue, and visceral sarcomas. Surgery is a cornerstone treatment in the management of mesenchymal tumors, often requiring complex procedures performed in high-volume referral centers. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted this need for alternative non-surgical approaches due to limited access to surgical resources. This review explores the role of non-surgical treatments in different clinical scenarios: for improving surgical outcomes, as a bridge to surgery, as better alternatives to surgery, and for non-curative treatment when surgery is not feasible. We discuss the effectiveness of active surveillance, cryoablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and other ablative techniques in managing these tumors. Additionally, we examine the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and hypofractionated radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcomas. The Sarculator tool is highlighted for its role in stratifying high-risk sarcoma patients and personalizing treatment plans. While surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, integrating advanced non-surgical strategies can enhance therapeutic possibilities and patient care, especially in specific clinical settings with limitations. A multidisciplinary approach in referral centers is vital to determine the optimal treatment course for each patient.},
}

@article {pmid39272624,
year = {2024},
author = {Nechita, LC and Nechita, A and Voipan, AE and Voipan, D and Debita, M and Fulga, A and Fulga, I and Musat, CL},
title = {AI-Enhanced ECG Applications in Cardiology: Comprehensive Insights from the Current Literature with a Focus on COVID-19 and Multiple Cardiovascular Conditions.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics14171839},
pmid = {39272624},
issn = {2075-4418},
support = {27232141//"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati/ ; },
abstract = {The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in electrocardiography is revolutionizing cardiology and providing essential insights into the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive review explores AI-enhanced ECG (AI-ECG) applications in risk prediction and diagnosis of heart diseases, with a dedicated chapter on COVID-19-related complications. Introductory concepts on AI and machine learning (ML) are explained to provide a foundational understanding for those seeking knowledge, supported by examples from the literature and current practices. We analyze AI and ML methods for arrhythmias, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, mortality prediction, cardiomyopathy, mitral regurgitation, hypertension, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction, comparing their effectiveness from both medical and AI perspectives. Special emphasis is placed on AI applications in COVID-19 and cardiology, including detailed comparisons of different methods, identifying the most suitable AI approaches for specific medical applications and analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, accuracy, clinical relevance, and key findings. Additionally, we explore AI's role in the emerging field of cardio-oncology, particularly in managing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and detecting cardiac masses. This comprehensive review serves as both an insightful guide and a call to action for further research and collaboration in the integration of AI in cardiology, aiming to enhance precision medicine and optimize clinical decision-making.},
}

@article {pmid39271600,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdullah, KA and Tahir, TF and Qader, AF and Omer, RA and Othman, KA},
title = {Nanozymes: Classification and Analytical Applications - A Review.},
journal = {Journal of fluorescence},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39271600},
issn = {1573-4994},
abstract = {The recent discovery of a new class of nanomaterials called nanozymes, which have the action of enzymes and are thus of tremendous significance, has altered our understanding of these previously believed to be biologically inert nanomaterials. As a significant and exciting class of synthetic enzymes, nanozymes have distinct advantages over natural enzymes. They are less expensive, more stable, and easier to work with and store, making them a viable substitute. This practical advantage of nanozymes over natural enzymes reassures us about the potential of this new technology. Peroxidase-like nanozymes have been investigated for the purpose of creating adaptable biosensors via the use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) or particular bio recognition ligands, including enzymes, antibodies, and aptamers. This review delves into the distinctions between synthetic and natural enzymes, explaining their structures and analytical applications. It primarily focuses on carbon-based nanozymes, particularly those that contain both carbon and hydrogen, as well as metal-based nanozymes like Fe, Cu, and Au, along with their metal oxide (FeO, CuO), which have applications in many fields today. Analytical chemistry finds great use for nanozymes for sensing and other applications, particularly in comparison with other classical methods in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. Nanozymes, with their unique catalytic capabilities, have emerged as a crucial tool in the early diagnosis of COVID-19. Their application in nanozyme-based sensing and detection, particularly through colorimetric and fluorometric methods, has significantly advanced our ability to detect the virus at an early stage.},
}

@article {pmid39271281,
year = {2024},
author = {McBride, SM and Hughes, HK and MacDonald, SM},
title = {Future of Telemedicine in Radiation Oncology.},
journal = {Seminars in radiation oncology},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {463-467},
doi = {10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.07.010},
pmid = {39271281},
issn = {1532-9461},
mesh = {Humans ; *Radiation Oncology/methods ; *Telemedicine ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Forecasting ; },
abstract = {Telemedicine allows providers and patients to communicate without being in the same room through video platforms or telephone. Like the increased use of telework for businesses, telemedicine exploded during the pandemic. While many workplaces and clinics have returned to some level of in-person interactions, the convenience and comfort have given telemedicine staying power. Patients can be seen from the comfort of their homes; family members can join from the same or a different location. Driving, obtaining childcare, or taking time off from work is unnecessary. Pediatric patients' parents can pull them into the conversation at appropriate times and avoid the awkwardness of having them leave for portions of the discussion. Because virtual visits are more efficient for everyone, they can often be scheduled sooner than an in-person visit. While not every visit can be done without the patient physically with the provider, many can. This is particularly true for cancer patients, who often have several visits with multiple providers. For immunocompromised patients, there is an added benefit of avoiding exposure from travel and a hospital visit. Oncology and radiation oncology practices have widely adopted telemedicine. While legal and logistical barriers exist in some areas of the world, these are sure to be resolved to make this medicine feasible for all in the modern era.},
}

Humans
*Radiation Oncology/methods
*Telemedicine
Neoplasms/radiotherapy
COVID-19/prevention & control
Forecasting

@article {pmid39270616,
year = {2024},
author = {Burch, E and Khan, SA and Stone, J and Asgharzadeh, A and Dawe, J and Ward, Z and Brooks-Pollock, E and Christensen, H},
title = {Early mathematical models of COVID-19 vaccination in high-income countries: a systematic review.},
journal = {Public health},
volume = {236},
number = {},
pages = {207-215},
doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.029},
pmid = {39270616},
issn = {1476-5616},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Since COVID-19 first emerged in 2019, mathematical models have been developed to predict transmission and provide insight into disease control strategies. A key research need now is for models to inform long-term vaccination policy. We aimed to review the early modelling methods utilised during the pandemic period (2019-2023) in order to identify gaps in the literature and highlight areas for future model development.

STUDY DESIGN: This study was a systematic review.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus from 1 January 2019 to 6 February 2023 for peer-reviewed, English-language articles describing age-structured, dynamic, mathematical models of COVID-19 transmission and vaccination in high-income countries that include waning immunity or reinfection. We extracted details of the structure, features and approach of each model and combined them in a narrative synthesis.

RESULTS: Of the 1109 articles screened, 47 were included. Most studies used deterministic, compartmental models set in Europe or North America that simulated a time horizon of 3.5 years or less. Common outcomes included cases, hospital utilisation and deaths. Only nine models included long COVID, costs, life years or quality of life-related measures. Two studies explored the potential impact of new variants beyond Omicron.

CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates a need for long-term models that focus on outcome measures such as quality-adjusted life years, the population-level effects of long COVID and the cost effectiveness of future policies - all of which are essential considerations in the planning of long-term vaccination strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39270574,
year = {2024},
author = {Boby, M and Oh, H and Marsiglia, F and Liu, L},
title = {Bridging social capital among Facebook users and COVID-19 cases growth in Arizona.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {360},
number = {},
pages = {117313},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117313},
pmid = {39270574},
issn = {1873-5347},
abstract = {Social capital is an important social determinant of health, more specifically bridging social capital, which connects individuals and communities across societal divides. This article reports on the findings of a study about the relationship between bridging social capital and COVID-19 infection trends within the state of Arizona from October 2020 to November 2021. Economic connectedness (EC), derived from Facebook friendship connections, served as a measure of aggregated bridging social capital among residents in each ZCTA (ZIP code tabulation area). Analysis of 192 ZCTAs in Arizona revealed that below-median SES individuals had fewer above-median SES friends (mean EC = 0.86). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the correlation between EC and biweekly COVID-19 case growth, adjusting for other social determinants of health. Results showed that higher EC was associated with slower biweekly COVID-19 case growth (p < 0.001). This suggests that bridging social capital plausibly facilitated members of underserved and vulnerable groups to better access health-related information during the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby reducing the risks of infection during the pandemic. These findings suggest that promoting bridging social capital, particularly through social network sites, could be leveraged during early phase of public health crisis. The article concludes by recommending to strengthening bridging social capital for individuals with limited access to public health information and medical care.},
}

@article {pmid39269888,
year = {2024},
author = {Hicks, N and Zhan, J and Brual, J and Abejirinde, IO and Alfred, M},
title = {Escalation Pathways of Remote Patient Monitoring Programs for COVID-19 Patients in Canada and the United States: A Rapid Review.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2024.0280},
pmid = {39269888},
issn = {1556-3669},
abstract = {Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals in North America were overwhelmed with COVID-19 patients and had limited capacity to admit patients. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) programs were developed to monitor COVID-19 patients at home and reduce disease transmission and the demand on hospitals. A critical component of RPM programs is effective escalation pathways. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the implementation of escalation pathways of RPM programs for COVID-19 patients in Canada and the United States. Methods: The search identified 563 articles from Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. Following title and abstract screening, 131 were selected for full-text review, and 26 articles were included. Data were extracted on study location, patient eligibility and program size, data collection, monitoring team, escalation criteria, and escalation response. Results: The included studies were published between 2020 and 2022; 3 in Canada and 23 in the United States. The RPM programs collected physiological vital signs and symptom data, which were inputted manually by patients and health care workers or synced automatically. Escalations were triggered automatically or following manual review by nurses and physicians when signs and symptoms were concerning or reached a specific threshold. Escalations included emergency department referrals, physician appointments, and increased monitoring. Conclusion: Many decisions are required when designing RPM escalation pathways for patients with COVID-19, which is crucial to promptly address patients' changing health statuses and clinical needs. Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of escalation pathways for COVID-19 patients through performance metrics and patient and health care worker experience.},
}

@article {pmid39269752,
year = {2024},
author = {Lyzwinski, L and Zwicker, JD and Mcdonald, S and Tough, S},
title = {Psychological Interventions and Those With Elements of Positive Psychology for Child and Youth Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature Review, Lessons Learned, and Areas for Future Knowledge Dissemination.},
journal = {JMIR pediatrics and parenting},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {e59171},
doi = {10.2196/59171},
pmid = {39269752},
issn = {2561-6722},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There was a marked decline in child and teenage mental health worldwide during the pandemic, with increasing prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicide. Research indicates that positive psychological interventions may be beneficial for mental health.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this review were to evaluate positive psychological interventions for child and youth mental health implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess overall effectiveness for mental health and knowledge.

METHODS: We undertook a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for all eligible studies on digital and hybrid in-person psychological interventions for youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A particular emphasis was placed on positive psychological interventions or interventions that had components of positive psychology, including gratitude, acceptance, positive emotions, or resilience building.

RESULTS: A total of 41 interventions were included in this review. Most of the interventions were digital. Overall, most of the interventions assisted with one or more mental health or psychological indicators, such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, stress, and resilience. However, findings were mixed when it came to targeting both depression and anxiety together. The interventions that promoted youth mental health most often had a range of diverse positive psychology components and were evidence based. Not all studies measured changes in mindfulness. Few studies examined knowledge acquired on mental health self-care, managing mental health problems, knowledge of positive psychological techniques, mindfulness knowledge, or mental health self-efficacy.

CONCLUSIONS: Diverse multicomponent interventions appear to assist with youth mental health overall, although their effects on both depression and anxiety are less clear. There is also a need for more research on knowledge gains to determine whether the interventions improved knowledge on mental health-supportive behaviors, which may be sustained beyond the intervention. Finally, more studies need to evaluate whether the interventions assisted with increasing self-efficacy for practicing positive psychological techniques as well as changes in mindfulness levels. Future studies should not only assess effectiveness for mental health outcomes but also assess knowledge translation, with valid measures of knowledge and self-efficacy for mental health-supportive behaviors and positive psychological skills acquired (eg, the ability to practice mindfulness).},
}

@article {pmid39269460,
year = {2024},
author = {Spanknebel, S and Barton, S and Hurlemann, R},
title = {[Loneliness in times of global polycrises].},
journal = {Der Nervenarzt},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39269460},
issn = {1433-0407},
abstract = {Global polycrises comprise the synchronous or consecutive occurrence of various crises, with no intervening phases of stability, e.g., coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, inflation, war and climate crisis. This poses challenges for both society as a whole and its individual members. Polycrises are associated with enormous psychological stress, especially for vulnerable groups. Polycrises also impair social interaction, which can trigger or intensify subjectively stressful loneliness. The aim of this narrative review is to show how loneliness affects social behavior in times of global polycrises and what the consequences are. Loneliness is associated with both mental and physical morbidity and mortality as well as being a significant barrier to recovery. Studies have shown that there is a mutual detrimental influence between mental illness and loneliness. The social behavior of chronically lonely people is characterized by a negative cognitive bias, hypervigilance in the social context and a dysregulated oxytocin system. Furthermore, the quality and quantity of these relationships are significantly impaired. The social consequences of loneliness are, for example, a decrease in social engagement and low voting participation. The phenomenon of loneliness clearly shows that crises can exacerbate latent problems and bring them to the surface; however, crises should also be seen as an opportunity to openly and constructively address shame-laden topics such as loneliness in public discourse and in psychotherapeutic settings.},
}

@article {pmid39269429,
year = {2024},
author = {Bausch-Jurken, M and Dawson, RS and Ceddia, F and Urdaneta, V and Marks, MA and Doi, Y},
title = {A descriptive review on the real-world impact of Moderna, inc. COVID-19 vaccines.},
journal = {Expert review of vaccines},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14760584.2024.2402955},
pmid = {39269429},
issn = {1744-8395},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since the original COVID-19 vaccines were developed, abundant clinical trial and real-world evidence evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of COVID-19 vaccines has been collected. Knowledge of the relative benefits and risks of COVID-19 vaccines is essential for building trust within target populations, ensuring they remain effectively and safely protected against an enduring infectious threat.

AREAS COVERED: This descriptive review discusses the benefits and risks associated with marketed Moderna, Inc. mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, focusing on their real-world effectiveness and safety profiles in various age groups. Adverse events of interest and potential benefits of vaccination are reviewed, including reduced risk for severe COVID-19 and long-term health outcomes, reduced economic and societal costs, and reduced risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

EXPERT OPINION: Post-marketing safety and real-world data for Moderna, Inc. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines strongly support a positive benefit - risk profile favoring vaccination across all age groups. Although COVID-19 is no longer considered a global health pandemic, health risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection remain high. Concerted efforts are required to engage communities and maintain protection through vaccination. Continued surveillance of emerging variants and monitoring of vaccine safety and effectiveness are crucial for ensuring sustained protection against SARS-CoV-2.},
}

@article {pmid39268910,
year = {2024},
author = {Gandhi, K and Paczkowski, F and Sowerby, L},
title = {Washing Illness Away: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Nasal Irrigation and Spray on COVID-19.},
journal = {The Laryngoscope},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/lary.31761},
pmid = {39268910},
issn = {1531-4995},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Nasal irrigation is a common treatment for sinonasal disorders; however, it is unknown if it can reduce SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal viral load (NVL). This systematic review investigated the efficacy of nasal irrigation with saline, povidone iodine (PVP-I), and intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) at reducing SARS-CoV-2 NVL and transmissibility.

DATA SOURCES: Databases including Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov.

REVIEW METHODS: A systematic review was completed with pre-defined search criteria using keywords related to nasal irrigation and COVID-19 from 1946 through January 2024. This review followed PRISMA reporting guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. Only in-vivo studies testing nasal irrigation with either saline, PVP-I, or INCS for reducing NVL were included.

RESULTS: Nine out of ten studies on saline-based solutions reported positive effects in reducing NVL, with benefits noted in earlier time to negative nasopharyngeal PCR and a greater decline in NVL during early study time points, compared with controls. Isotonic and hypertonic saline mediums were found to be effective with three studies demonstrating enhanced efficacy with additives. Four out of seven studies on PVP-I showed a positive effect on reducing NVL, but results were heterogenous. Four studies demonstrated reduction of transmission with saline or PVP-I. No studies were found on INCS.

CONCLUSION: Saline nasal irrigation showed the best efficacy in reducing SARS-CoV-2 NVL. Additives to saline may have a clinical benefit, but further studies are needed to elucidate their isolated impacts on NVL. Data on PVP-I is inconclusive and further studies are warranted to determine the ideal concentration for irrigation. Laryngoscope, 2024.},
}

@article {pmid39268306,
year = {2024},
author = {Rajendran, A and Kella, A and Narayanasamy, D},
title = {The Revolution of Digital Therapeutics (DTx) in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Their Quality Impacts.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e66792},
pmid = {39268306},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {An increasing number of developments and trends are driving the expansion of the digital therapeutics (DTx) market in the pharmaceutical industry. Digital therapeutics are therapies intended to treat, diagnose, and prevent diseases by using patient-directed clinically assessed software applications, which can optimize the effectiveness and delivery of healthcare. These digital innovations became important as the world changed, particularly during the coronavirus pandemic. Nowadays pharma companies are getting more comfortable with the idea of digital therapies. The majority of pharmaceutical companies are examining how to incorporate pharmaceuticals and digital therapies into their treatment regimens, leveraging digital tools to enhance patient outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery. A thorough overview of the most recent technological advancements in the creation of digital therapies shows particular technologies that are essential to the market's future growth. Moreover, the evaluation of digital therapeutics by clinical trial and real-world data is outlined. The critical quality attributes of DTx products and the challenges, including data management issues and regulatory obstacles, which make the creation, approval, and marketing of customized medicines more difficult, are covered in this review article. Overall, pharma companies are venturing into the world of digital therapeutics while acknowledging the limitations of the emerging field.},
}

@article {pmid39268304,
year = {2024},
author = {Palnati, SR and Bhakta, SH and Patel, P and Newell, BJ},
title = {Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Well-Being of Pharmacists: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e66804},
pmid = {39268304},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the mental, emotional, and physical health of healthcare professionals around the world. Despite research efforts to examine the experiences of physicians, nurses, and other professionals in healthcare, little has been shared about the experiences of pharmacists during the pandemic. A review of current evidence is needed to better understand the mental health experiences of pharmacists during the pandemic. This review aimed to understand the perceptions, experiences, and impacts on the mental, emotional, and psychological well-being of practicing pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the literature was carried out by searching several electronic databases, which included Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, DOAJ, JSTOR, PsycINFO, the ERIC Database (via EBSCOhost), and Academic Search Complete for studies published between 2020 and 2022. The search was conducted from September 10, 2022, to November 18, 2022, using Boolean operations and the following terms: Kansas, pharmacist, pharmacy, mental health, psychology, burnout, and well-being. Nine studies exploring the lived experiences of practicing pharmacists worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic were included in this review. The literature surveyed includes three international studies, five national (USA) studies, one study from the Midwestern region of the USA, and one study from Kansas specifically. These studies revealed increased burnout prevalence, mental health distress, feelings of negativity related to the job, and an overall lack of wellness among pharmacists across the world during the pandemic. There is limited research on the perspectives and experiences of practicing pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional research is necessary to thoroughly understand pharmacists' experiences and how to further support their well-being.},
}

@article {pmid39268268,
year = {2024},
author = {Tamirisa, K and Maringanti, HB},
title = {A Narrative Review of the Factors Affecting the Mental Health of Adolescents and Young People During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e66781},
pmid = {39268268},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, led to a worldwide pandemic. There were unprecedented changes in the mental health of children, adolescents, and youth in the age group of 8-18 years as a result of COVID-19. The objective of this review is to identify direct and indirect factors that influenced these changes. We identified three main groups of factors that could have impacted the mental health of young people during the pandemic: (i) familial factors, (ii) social and educational factors, and (iii) positive variables. Our review suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of children and adolescents through stressors like social isolation, parental unemployment and loss, and disrupted routines. As a result, sadness, hopelessness, depression, and generalized anxiety all increased significantly among adolescents during the pandemic, coupled with a simultaneous increase in substance use, suicide attempts, and violence. However, the pandemic also offered some positive variables such as reduced bullying, more family time, and improved relationships for those with adequate socioeconomic resources. The complex factors affecting the mental health of young people during the pandemic underscore the necessity for additional research to comprehend their individual effects. We advocate for collaborative youth-centered initiatives involving educational organizations, mental health experts, policymakers, healthcare systems, and other community stakeholders to effectively tackle these challenges.},
}

@article {pmid39268246,
year = {2024},
author = {Umakanthan, S and Katwaroo, AR and Bukelo, M and Bg, S and Boralingaiah, P and Ranade, AV and Rangan, P and Shashidhar, S and Kini, JR and Kini, G},
title = {Post-Acute Sequelae of Covid-19: A System-wise Approach on the Effects of Long-Covid-19.},
journal = {American journal of medicine open},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {100071},
pmid = {39268246},
issn = {2667-0364},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health, economics, and society. This review seeks to encompass an overview of current knowledge on COVID-19, including its transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation related to various systems within the human body. COVID-19 is a highly contagious illness that has rapidly spread worldwide. As of August 4, 2023, the WHO reported over 570 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 6.3 million deaths. Although the virus is most common in adults, children can also be infected. Respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes are the primary transmission mode for COVID-19. Additionally, the virus can be disseminated via contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, as it can remain viable for several hours or days. SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus that enters cells by bonding with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Once inside the cell, the virus replicates and produces new particles that can infect other cells. Interestingly, the effects of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) encompass more than just respiratory system. The findings presented in the data suggest that PASC significantly impacts multiple organs and their respective physiological processes. In light of these observations, we aim to provide a detailed discussion of the relevant findings in this paper. Through our review, we hope to provide healthcare professionals with a deeper understanding of the effects of PASC on the human body, which could ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes and treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39268173,
year = {2024},
author = {Joseph, OO and Dahunsi, SO and Okoh, A},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection of domestic animals and their role in evolution and emergence of variants of concern.},
journal = {New microbes and new infections},
volume = {62},
number = {},
pages = {101468},
pmid = {39268173},
issn = {2052-2975},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is responsible for COVID-19 pandemic, is a zoonotic RNA virus that has been reported in animals, including domestic animals. Due to the growing concern of health threat that could arise from active transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between pet owners and their pets, there is need to monitoring the emergence of a highly pathogenic strain of SARS-CoV-2 that is capable of transboundary infection, or a serious outbreak among human populations.

METHODS: We carried out a search in English, on PubMed and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) SARS-CoV-2 resources for relevant journals and nucleotide sequence data, that were published between 2019 and 2023. The CoVsurver mutations application on GISAID webpage was used to analyse mutation, nucleotide sequence alignment was carried out using MAFFT (Multiple Alignment using Fast Fourier Transform) version 7 and maximum likelihood tree was constructed by bootstrapping with 1000 replicates on MEGA 11 software.

RESULTS: A total of 47 mutations at the Spike gene region were identified, and mutation D614 was the most observed mutation. Nucleotide sequences of isolates from domestic animals had high sequence identity with Wuhan-Hu-1 reference sequence and the representative sequences of previously circulating VOCs from humans.

CONCLUSION: This reveals that there is spill over of previously circulating variants of concern (VOC) to household pets from their infected owners. Hence, there is an urgent need for more intense surveillance to be carried out globally to monitor evolution of SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses as a result of human - pet association.},
}

@article {pmid39266903,
year = {2024},
author = {Nor Rashid, N and Amrani, L and Alwan, A and Mohamed, Z and Yusof, R and Rothan, H},
title = {Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) Downregulation During Coronavirus Infection.},
journal = {Molecular biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39266903},
issn = {1559-0305},
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) downregulation represents a detrimental factor in people with a baseline ACE2 deficiency associated with older age, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Human coronaviruses, including HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS CoV-2 infect target cells via binding of viral spike (S) glycoprotein to the ACE2, resulting in ACE2 downregulation through yet unidentified mechanisms. This downregulation disrupts the enzymatic activity of ACE2, essential in protecting against organ injury by cleaving and disposing of Angiotensin-II (Ang II), leading to the formation of Ang 1-7, thereby exacerbating the accumulation of Ang II. This accumulation activates the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) receptor, leading to leukocyte recruitment and increased proinflammatory cytokines, contributing to organ injury. The biological impacts and underlying mechanisms of ACE2 downregulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been well defined. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a solid theoretical and experimental understanding of the mechanisms of ACE2 downregulation during SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in the host cells. This review aims to discuss the physiological impact of ACE2 downregulation during coronavirus infection, the relationship between ACE2 decline and virus pathogenicity, and the possible mechanisms of ACE2 degradation, along with the therapeutic approaches.},
}

@article {pmid39266488,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, JP and Shang, CC and Li, H and Lyu, C and Cao, B},
title = {[Research progress on T-cell immunity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2].},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
volume = {47},
number = {9},
pages = {863-868},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240124-00049},
pmid = {39266488},
issn = {1001-0939},
support = {H0104/82030002//the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023‑ZF‑17//Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Respiratory Medicine Grant for Young Scholars/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; },
abstract = {Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection often exhibit significant changes in T cells, particularly a reduction in CD4[+]T and CD8[+]T cells in peripheral blood, which has become a key feature of severe respiratory infection. These immune changes in T lymphocytes are closely associated with disease progression, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear and warrant further investigation. This paper reviewed the changes in the number and function of T cells in respiratory viral infections, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, and summarized related therapeutic explorations. We believe that improving and enhancing the number and function of T lymphocytes in infected hosts is a promising strategy for the treatment of respiratory viral infections, although more systematic and in-depth scientific research is still needed.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
*CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
T-Lymphocytes/immunology

@article {pmid39266187,
year = {2024},
author = {Solanki, D and Murjani, K and Singh, V},
title = {CRISPR-Cas based genome editing for eradication of human viruses.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {43-58},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.07.012},
pmid = {39266187},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; *Gene Editing ; Virus Diseases/genetics/therapy/virology ; Viruses/genetics ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; },
abstract = {Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system possess a broad range of applications for genetic modification, diagnosis and treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious disease. The CRISPR-Cas system is found in bacteria and archaea that possess the Cas protein and guide RNA (gRNA). Cas9 and gRNA forms a complex to target and cleave the desired gene, providing defense against viral infections. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpesviruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause major life threatening diseases which cannot cure completely by drugs. This chapter describes the present strategy of CRISPR-Cas systems for altering the genomes of viruses, mostly human ones, in order to control infections.},
}

Humans
*CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
*Gene Editing
Virus Diseases/genetics/therapy/virology
Viruses/genetics
Genome, Viral/genetics

@article {pmid39266018,
year = {2024},
author = {Kwamie, A and Causevic, S and Tomson, G and Sie, A and Sauerborn, R and Rasanathan, K and Ottersen, OP},
title = {Prepared for the polycrisis? The need for complexity science and systems thinking to address global and national evidence gaps.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014887},
pmid = {39266018},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Global Health ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Systems Analysis ; Pandemics ; Climate Change ; Sustainable Development ; Evidence Gaps ; },
abstract = {The Sustainable Development Goals are far off track. The convergence of global threats such as climate change, conflict and the lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic-among others-call for better data and research evidence that can account for the complex interactions between these threats. In the time of polycrisis, global and national-level data and research evidence must address complexity. Viewed through the lens of 'systemic risk', there is a need for data and research evidence that is sufficiently representative of the multiple interdependencies of global threats. Instead, current global published literature seems to be dominated by correlational, descriptive studies that are unable to account for complex interactions. The literature is geographically limited and rarely from countries facing severe polycrisis threats. As a result, country guidance fails to treat these threats interdependently. Applied systems thinking can offer more diverse research methods that are able to generate complex evidence. This is achievable through more participatory processes that will assist stakeholders in defining system boundaries and behaviours. Additionally, applied systems thinking can draw on known methods for hypothesising, modelling, visualising and testing complex system properties over time. Application is much needed for generating evidence at the global level and within national-level policy processes and structures.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
*Global Health
*SARS-CoV-2
Systems Analysis
Pandemics
Climate Change
Sustainable Development
Evidence Gaps

@article {pmid39265998,
year = {2024},
author = {Meagher, T},
title = {The Long-term Complications of Covid-19 Infection.},
journal = {Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {111-115},
doi = {10.17849/insm-51-2-111-115.1},
pmid = {39265998},
issn = {0743-6661},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Myocardial Infarction ; Autoimmune Diseases/complications ; Survivors ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {As the Covid-19 pandemic continues into its 4th year, reports of long-term morbidity and mortality are now attracting attention. Recent studies suggest that Covid-19 survivors are at increased risk of common illnesses, such as myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus and autoimmune disorders. Mortality may also be increased. This article will review the evidence that supports some of these observations and provide an opinion about their validity and their relevance to insured cohorts.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
Myocardial Infarction
Autoimmune Diseases/complications
Survivors
Pandemics

@article {pmid39265774,
year = {2024},
author = {Gonçalves do Amaral, C and Pinto André, E and Maffud Cilli, E and Gomes da Costa, V and Ricardo S Sanches, P},
title = {VIRAL DISEASES AND THE ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {124845},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124845},
pmid = {39265774},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {Viral diseases have been present throughout human history, with early examples including influenza (1500 B.C.), smallpox (1000 B.C.), and measles (200 B.C.). The term "virus" was first used in the late 1800s to describe microorganisms smaller than bacteria, and significant milestones include the discovery of the polio virus and the development of its vaccine in the mid-1900s, and the identification of HIV/AIDS in the latter part of the 20th century. The 21st century has seen the emergence of new viral diseases such as West Nile Virus, Zika, SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Human activities, including crowding, travel, poor sanitation, and environmental changes like deforestation and climate change, significantly influence the spread of these diseases. Conversely, viral diseases can impact the environment by polluting water resources, contributing to deforestation, and reducing biodiversity. These environmental impacts are exacerbated by disruptions in global supply chains and increased demands for resources. This review highlights the intricate relationship between viral diseases and environmental factors, emphasizing how human activities and viral disease progression influence each other. The findings underscore the need for integrated approaches to address the environmental determinants of viral diseases and mitigate their impacts on both health and ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid39264539,
year = {2024},
author = {Hong, S and Lee, J and Goldberg, M and Emory-Khenmy, C},
title = {Telehealth Utilization to Address Health Care Disparities Among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39264539},
issn = {2196-8837},
abstract = {Research has reported health care disparities, including low rates of health care utilization, among racial and ethnic minority groups compared to Whites. Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs) have experienced these disparities, attributed to various barriers such as limited access to linguistically and culturally concordant health care services. Telehealth may offer a viable mode of health service delivery for AANHPIs. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic sparked the adoption of technology for receiving health services. However, the literature on telehealth utilization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among AANHPIs is limited. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of telehealth intervention empirical studies serving AANHPIs published between January 2010 and February 2024, using five databases. Twenty-four articles met our inclusion criteria, which required the use of a telehealth intervention program, provision of disaggregated AANHPIs, and targeting of physical and/or mental health outcomes. Our review revealed positive findings of telehealth interventions in helping AANHPIs access health care, with a primary focus on education and consultation for self-management. The review highlighted a range of technological platforms used in AANHPIs telehealth interventions, including web-based, mobile, and blended approaches. Additionally, the review emphasized the need for improved access to technology and reduction in digital exclusion. The findings affirm the usefulness and potential of telehealth interventions, providing implications for how health professionals can serve AANHPIs. Telehealth technology offers the ability for greater accessibility and individualization to address health care disparities in AANHPIs.},
}

@article {pmid39263681,
year = {2023},
author = {Primo, MGS and da Silva, LAA and de Carvalho, VBL and de Azevedo, MAF and Monteiro, NVDN and Mendes, VR and da Silva, JKM and Oliveira, ASDSS and Brito, AKDS and Sales, ALCC and Mallet, JRDS and Parente, JML and de Matos Neto, EM and Ferreira, PMP and Arcanjo, DDR and Martins, MDCCE},
title = {Relationship among Dietary Intake of Vitamin E, Lipid Peroxidation Markers, and C-Reactive Protein in Flu-Like Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19.},
journal = {Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity},
volume = {2023},
number = {},
pages = {8889213},
pmid = {39263681},
issn = {1942-0994},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *C-Reactive Protein/metabolism/analysis ; Female ; *Vitamin E/blood ; *COVID-19/blood ; *Lipid Peroxidation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Biomarkers/blood ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Influenza, Human/blood ; Nutritional Status ; Aged ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to assess the intake of vitamin E and its relationship with lipid peroxidation markers and C-reactive protein levels in patients with flu symptoms and COVID-19 diagnosis.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 121 patients of both sexes assisted at two basic health units in the city of Teresina, Piauí, with COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, was performed between the 3[rd] and 7[th] days of flu symptoms. The global nutritional status and the measurement of waist circumference were assessed according to the World Health Organization recommendations. The dietary energy intake, macronutrients, and vitamin E consumption were assessed through the 24 hr food recall method. The malondialdehyde plasmatic concentration (MDA) was measured through the method of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was assessed through the oxidation speed of the o-dianisidine substrate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by a high-sensitivity immunoturbidimetry method.

RESULTS: The most common symptoms reported by the participants were sore throat, fever, and cough. Regarding the global nutritional status evaluation, the majority of the sample had overweight. The dietary intake of vitamin E was 100% inadequate and presented a mild correlation (r = 0.197) with MDA, a redox status marker. No correlation was observed among MPO, CRP, and the dietary intake of vitamin E.

CONCLUSION: The dietary intake of vitamin E was related to MDA as the marker of redox status.},
}

Humans
Male
*C-Reactive Protein/metabolism/analysis
Female
*Vitamin E/blood
*COVID-19/blood
*Lipid Peroxidation
Cross-Sectional Studies
Middle Aged
Adult
*Biomarkers/blood
*SARS-CoV-2
Influenza, Human/blood
Nutritional Status
Aged

@article {pmid39263310,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, J and Lee, N and Yang, HJ and Lee, MS and Kopalli, SR and Kim, YU and Lee, Y},
title = {The beneficial potential of ginseng for menopause.},
journal = {Journal of ginseng research},
volume = {48},
number = {5},
pages = {449-453},
pmid = {39263310},
issn = {1226-8453},
abstract = {Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has long been used not only as a food supplement but also as a treatment for various diseases. Ginseng originated in South Korea, which later spread to China and Japan, has a wide range of pharmacological activities including immune, endocrine, cardiovascular, and central nervous system effects. KRG is produced by repetitions of steaming and drying of ginseng to extend preservation. During this steaming process, the components of ginseng undergo physio-chemical changes forming a variety of potential active constituents including ginsenoside-Rg3, a unique compound in KRG. Pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has affected both men and women differentially. In particular, women were more vulnerable to COVID-related distress which in turn could aggravate menopause-related disturbances. Complementary and alternative medicinal plants could have aided middle-aged women for several menopause-related symptoms during and post COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to explore the beneficial effects of KRG on menopausal symptoms and gynecological cancer.},
}

@article {pmid39262751,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, QJ and Li, Q and Yang, P and Du, L},
title = {Itaconate to treat acute lung injury: recent advances and insights from preclinical models.},
journal = {American journal of translational research},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {3480-3497},
pmid = {39262751},
issn = {1943-8141},
abstract = {Acute lung injury (ALI) is defined as the acute onset of diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltration, leading to PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg without clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves more severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mmHg). Treatment of ALI and ARDS has received renewed attention as the incidence of ALI caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has increased. Itaconate and its derivatives have shown therapeutic potential against ALI. This review provides an in-depth summary of the mechanistic research of itaconate in the field of acute lung injury, including inducing autophagy, preventing ferroptosis and pyroptosis, shifting macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, inhibiting neutrophil activation, regulating epigenetic modifications, and repressing aerobic glycolysis. These compounds merit further consideration in clinical trials. We anticipate that the clinical translation of itaconate-based drugs can be accelerated.},
}

@article {pmid39175332,
year = {2024},
author = {Kohl, SH and Henn, AT and Fendel, JC and Luttermann, A and van Noort, BM and Konrad, K},
title = {[Digital Beacons of Hope? The Challenges and Potentials of Digital Health Applications for Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders in Germany].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
volume = {52},
number = {5},
pages = {291-313},
doi = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000989},
pmid = {39175332},
issn = {1422-4917},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; Germany ; *Mental Disorders/therapy/psychology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine ; Mental Health Services ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Mobile Applications ; Forecasting ; Health Services Needs and Demand/trends ; Digital Health ; },
abstract = {Digital Beacons of Hope? The Challenges and Potentials of Digital Health Applications for Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders in Germany Abstract: With the Digital Healthcare Act, Germany has taken a decisive step toward promoting high-quality, evidence-based digital health applications (DiHAs). Presently, there is a significant gap in the provision of mental health services throughout Germany, particularly regarding children and adolescents and especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. DiHAs as low-threshold, location- and time-independent additional mental health services - may offer a way to address this situation. Particularly in the emerging generation of digital natives, there is a high demand for digital mental health services. However, despite the rapidly growing supply of DiHAs for adults, there is a lack of approved DiHAs for children and adolescents with mental disorders. Rather, the demand for care is left to the unregulated market of diverse internet- and mobile-based interventions; early studies have questioned the evidence base, safety, and quality. This discrepancy arises from various specific challenges and risks that reduce incentives to develop DiHAs for this particularly vulnerable target group, including (1) limited evidence, (2) high complexity in study execution, (3) high complexity in the development of applications, (4) poorly researched specific risks, and (5) high regulatory requirements. This article discusses these challenges and risks and outlines the perspectives for a high-quality, safe, and evidence-based digital mental healthcare for children and adolescents.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
Child
Germany
*Mental Disorders/therapy/psychology
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Telemedicine
Mental Health Services
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Mobile Applications
Forecasting
Health Services Needs and Demand/trends
Digital Health

@article {pmid39158522,
year = {2024},
author = {Dol, J and Dennis, CL and Naraine, S and Goyal, D},
title = {The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Paternal Parenting Experience: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of family nursing},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {199-217},
doi = {10.1177/10748407241270073},
pmid = {39158522},
issn = {1552-549X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Parenting/psychology ; *Fathers/psychology ; Male ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Child, Preschool ; Pandemics ; Infant ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Adaptation, Psychological ; },
abstract = {The objective of this scoping review was to map the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the paternal parenting experience. Studies published between January 2020 and October 2021 reporting on paternal mental health, interparental relations, and child interactions were eligible. Forty studies from 17 different countries were included. Most studies included data from both mothers and fathers (83%); five studies reported data from fathers only, and three examined same-sex partners. Most commonly reported outcomes included division of childcare activities (n = 14), delegation of household tasks (n = 10), depression (n = 12), and stress (n = 9). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fathers varied globally with no clear trends except for the division of childcare and household tasks, in which fathers increased their contribution to childcare and household tasks yet mothers continued to experience a higher domestic burden. Further research is recommended to advance our understanding of how fathers coped during the COVID-19 pandemic and document the long-term impact of the pandemic on families.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Parenting/psychology
*Fathers/psychology
Male
Adult
Child
Female
SARS-CoV-2
Child, Preschool
Pandemics
Infant
Stress, Psychological/psychology
Adaptation, Psychological

@article {pmid38393872,
year = {2024},
author = {Singh, R and Das, R},
title = {A bibliometric analysis of remote working practices: Call for future research.},
journal = {Work (Reading, Mass.)},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {307-322},
doi = {10.3233/WOR-230340},
pmid = {38393872},
issn = {1875-9270},
mesh = {*Bibliometrics ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Teleworking/trends ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: According to Gallup survey report, 69% of U.S. workers moved to working remotely in April 2020. Due to COVID-19, work is changing rapidly, including where individuals work.

OBJECTIVE: Research in this field has drawn much attention, and in the last ten years, there is a constant augment in the number of publications on the same. Several works of literature on Remote Working (RW) culture have been reported. Nevertheless, only less research is present on bibliometric reviews of RW culture. Therefore, Bibliometric research is wielded in this work and a comprehensive review of relevant publications was taken from Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), together with the Social Science Citation Index Expanded.

METHODOLOGY: At first, meticulous bibliometric analyses of 430 published articles are done and descriptive information about a piece of work, namely (a) author, (b) title, (c) date of publication, et cetera, is provided.

RESULTS: Mapping the scope along with the structure of the discipline is enabled by these analyzes, which discovers the instituted collaboration patterns amongst countries and organizations, and identifies authoritative papers together with authors. Therefore, the publication's evolution over time is illustrated by these analyses, and the current research interests and potential directions for future study are identified.

CONCLUSIONS: This paper incorporates insights on remote working culture and enables mapping the scope and structure of the discipline, discovering the established collaboration patterns among countries and organizations. Thus, these analyses illustrate the publication's evolution over time and identified the current research interests and potential directions for the research.},
}

*Bibliometrics
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Teleworking/trends
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid39262508,
year = {2024},
author = {Deshpande, N and Suryawanshi, PV and Tripathy, S},
title = {Unveiling the Quest: Crafting an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique to Uncover COVID-19 Antibodies.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e66659},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.66659},
pmid = {39262508},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound impact on global health. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools are crucial for effective disease control and management. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has emerged as a reliable and widely used method for detecting COVID-19 antibodies in patients, which develop in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. While the ELISA technique is effective in identifying the presence of antibodies and thus confirming exposure to the virus, its role in predicting the clinical course and severity of the disease is limited. ELISA primarily confirms prior exposure to the virus or vaccination status, but it does not directly correlate antibody levels with the severity or progression of the disease. The variability in clinical outcomes is influenced by factors such as viral load, patient co-morbidities, genetic predispositions, and the timing of the immune response. ELISA has diverse applications in epidemiology, vaccination assessment, and therapeutic development. It determines antibody prevalence, aids in surveillance, and evaluates vaccine effectiveness and antibody protection duration. ELISA quantitatively measures antibody levels, providing insights into the immune response and treatment efficacy. Challenges include specialized facilities and personnel, cross-reactivity, and false results. Multiplex assays and integration with other diagnostics are future directions. In summary, ELISA is an essential tool in COVID-19 diagnostics, enabling precise assessment of the immune response and contributing to effective strategies. The development of point-of-care devices that integrate ELISA technology could enable rapid and accessible testing in various settings. Additionally, integrating ELISA with other diagnostic platforms could enhance the overall diagnostic capabilities for COVID-19. Despite challenges, ongoing advancements in ELISA technology, and its integration with other diagnostic approaches, hold promise for further improving COVID-19 diagnostics and management strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39261232,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, Y and Lu, J and Qin, P and Chen, H and Chen, L},
title = {Interferon-I modulation and natural products: Unraveling mechanisms and therapeutic potential in severe COVID-19.},
journal = {Cytokine & growth factor reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.08.005},
pmid = {39261232},
issn = {1879-0305},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose a significant global public health threat, particularly to older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with underlying chronic conditions. Dysregulated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are believed to contribute to the progression of COVID-19 in severe cases. Previous studies indicates that a deficiency in type I interferon (IFN-I) immunity accounts for approximately 15 %-20 % of patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19, highlighting the potential therapeutic importance of modulating IFN-I signals. Natural products and their derivatives, due to their structural diversity and novel scaffolds, play a crucial role in drug discovery. Some of these natural products targeting IFN-I have demonstrated applications in infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions. However, the immunomodulatory potential of IFN-I in critical COVID-19 pneumonia and the natural compounds regulating the related signal pathway remain not fully understood. In this review, we offer a comprehensive assessment of the association between IFN-I and severe COVID-19, exploring its mechanisms and integrating information on natural compounds effective for IFN-I regulation. Focusing on the primary targets of IFN-I, we also summarize the regulatory mechanisms of natural products, their impact on IFNs, and their therapeutic roles in viral infections. Collectively, by synthesizing these findings, our goal is to provide a valuable reference for future research and to inspire innovative treatment strategies for COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid39261142,
year = {2024},
author = {Torres, CJ and Rupp, ME and Cawcutt, KA},
title = {Intravascular Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: Contemporary Issues Related to a Persistent Problem.},
journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2024.07.002},
pmid = {39261142},
issn = {1557-9824},
abstract = {Hospital-acquired infections, including central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), are an ongoing source of cost, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. This article presents a summary of the impact of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on CLABSI incidence, an overview of current standard-of-care practices for reduction of CLABSI, and a look toward future changes in bacteremia metrics and challenges in prevention.},
}

@article {pmid39260938,
year = {2024},
author = {Gutierrez-Chavez, C and Aperrigue-Lira, S and Ortiz-Saavedra, B and Paz, I},
title = {Chemokine receptors in COVID-19 infection.},
journal = {International review of cell and molecular biology},
volume = {388},
number = {},
pages = {53-94},
doi = {10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.05.002},
pmid = {39260938},
issn = {1937-6448},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Chemokine receptors play diverse roles in the immune response against pathogens by recruiting innate and adaptive immune cells to sites of infection. However, their involvement could also be detrimental, causing tissue damage and exacerbating respiratory diseases by triggering histological alterations such as fibrosis and remodeling. This chapter reviews the role of chemokine receptors in the immune defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In COVID-19, CXCR3 is expressed mainly in T cells, and its upregulation is related to an increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies but also to COVID-19 severity. CCR5 is a key player in T-cell recruitment, and its suppression leads to reduced inflammation and viremia levels. Conversely, CXCR6 is implicated in the aberrant migration of memory T cells within airways. On the other hand, increased CCR4+ cells in the blood and decreased CCR4+ cells in lung cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Additionally, CCR2 is associated with an increase in macrophage recruitment to lung tissues. Elevated levels of CXCR1 and CXCR2, which are predominantly expressed in neutrophils, are associated with the severity of the disease, and finally, the expression of CX3CR1 in cytotoxic T lymphocytes affects the retention of these cells in lung tissues, thereby impacting the severity of COVID-19. Despite the efforts of many clinical trials to find effective therapies for COVID-19 using chemokine receptor inhibitors, no conclusive results have been found due to the small number of patients, redundancy, and co-expression of chemokine receptors by immune cells, which explains the difficulty in finding a single therapeutic target or effective treatment.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/metabolism/pathology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism

@article {pmid39260741,
year = {2024},
author = {Dix, C and Hunt, BJ},
title = {The changing face of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis - emerging new causes and treatments.},
journal = {Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtha.2024.08.012},
pmid = {39260741},
issn = {1538-7836},
abstract = {Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon site of venous thromboembolism. CVST more commonly affects younger people and women, in stark contrast to other forms of venous thrombosis where incidence increases with age and overall affects men. Traditional risk factors for the development of CVST include endogenous and exogenous estrogen (combined oral contraceptives and pregnancy and the puerperium), thrombophilias and rare haematologic disorders. New and emerging risk factors include obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, COVID-19 infection, and vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) and VITT-like disorders. Management centres around anticoagulation, managing the underlying cause, and consideration of invasive measures including endovascular thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy and craniectomy for severe cases. This review discusses the emerging risk factors and their identification, evidence for treatment including the use of direct oral anticoagulants, and the role of invasive management options.},
}

@article {pmid39260672,
year = {2024},
author = {Kaur, A and Singh, S and Sharma, SC},
title = {Unlocking Trehalose's Versatility: A Comprehensive Journey from Biosynthesis to Therapeutic Applications.},
journal = {Experimental cell research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {114250},
doi = {10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114250},
pmid = {39260672},
issn = {1090-2422},
abstract = {For over forty years, a sugar of rare configuration known as trehalose (two molecules of glucose linked at their 1-carbons), has been recognised for more than just its roles as a storage compound. The ability of trehalose to protect an extensive range of biological materials, for instance cell lines, tissues, proteins and DNA, has sparked considerable interest in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, trehalose is now being investigated as a promising therapeutic candidate for human use, as it has shown potential to reduce disease severity in various experimental models. Despite its diverse biological effects, the precise mechanism underlying this observation remain unclear. Therefore, this review delves into the significance of trehalose biosynthesis pathway in the development of novel drug, investigates the inhibitors of trehalose synthesis and evaluates the binding efficiency of T6P with TPS1. Additionally, it also emphasizes the knowledge about the protective effect of trehalose on modulation of autophagy, combating viral infections, addressing the conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases based on the recent advancement. Furthermore, review also highlight the trehalose's emerging role as a surfactant in delivering monoclonal antibodies that will further broadening its potential application in biomedicines.},
}

@article {pmid39260109,
year = {2024},
author = {Castro de Jesus, L and Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, CF and Burth, P},
title = {Onset of bipolar disorder by COVID-19: The roles of endogenous ouabain and the Na,K-ATPase.},
journal = {Journal of psychiatric research},
volume = {179},
number = {},
pages = {60-68},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.035},
pmid = {39260109},
issn = {1879-1379},
abstract = {Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder marked by mood swings between manic and depressive episodes. The reduction in the Na,K-ATPase (NKA) enzyme activity and the inability of individuals with BD to produce endogenous ouabain (EO) at sufficient levels to stimulate this enzyme during stressful events are factors proposed for BD etiology. According to these hypotheses, reduction in NKA activity would result in altered neuronal resting potential, leading to BD symptoms. Recently, damage to the adrenals (EO synthesis site) in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients has been reported, however studies pointing to the pathophysiological mechanisms shared by these two diseases are scarce. Through a literature review, this study aims to correlate COVID-19 and BD, focusing on the role of NKA and EO to identify possible mechanisms for the worsening of BD due to COVID-19. The search in the PubMed database for the descriptors ("bipolar disorder" AND "Na,K-ATPase"), ("bipolar disorder" AND "endogenous ouabain"), ("covid-19" AND "bipolar disorder") and ("covid-19" AND "adrenal gland") resulted in 390 articles. The studies identified the adrenals as a vulnerable organ to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cases of adrenal damage in patients with COVID-19 showing lower levels of adrenal hormones were reported. Cases of COVID-19 patients with symptoms of mania were reported worldwide. Given these results, we propose that adrenal cortical cell damage could lead to EO deficiency following neuronal NKA activity impairment, with small reductions in activity leading to mania and greater reductions leading to depression.},
}

@article {pmid39258843,
year = {2024},
author = {Rivera-Izquierdo, M and Morales-Portillo, A and Guerrero-Fernández de Alba, I and Fernández-Martínez, NF and Schoenenberger-Arnaiz, JA and Barranco-Quintana, JL and Valero-Ubierna, C},
title = {Vaccination strategies for patients under monoclonal antibody and other biological treatments: an updated comprehensive review based on EMA authorizations to January 2024.},
journal = {Expert review of vaccines},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14760584.2024.2401839},
pmid = {39258843},
issn = {1744-8395},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other biological agents are being increasingly approved in the last years with very different indications. Their highly heterogeneous immunosuppressive effects, mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics require comprehensive individualized vaccination schedules.

AREAS COVERED: Vaccination for immunocompromised patients. Prevention and treatment with mAbs and other biological therapies.

EXPERT OPINION: Current recommendations on vaccine schedules for patients under mAbs or other biological treatments are based on expert opinions and are not individualized according to each vaccine and treatment. No studies are focusing on the high heterogeneity of these agents, that are exponentially developed and used for many different indications. Recent paradigm changes in vaccine development (boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic) and in the mAbs use for prophylactic purposes (changing 'vaccination' by 'immunization' schedules) has been witnessed in the last years. We aimed at collecting all mAbs used for treatment or prevention, approved as of 1 January 2024, by the EMA. Based on available data on mAbs and vaccines, we propose a comprehensive guide for personalizing vaccination. Recent vaccine developments and current population strategies (e.g. zoster vaccination or prophylactic nirsevimab) are discussed. This review aims to be a practical guideline for professionals working in vaccine consultations for immunosuppressed patients.},
}

@article {pmid39258822,
year = {2024},
author = {Gotheridge, H and Eccles, FJR and Murray, C and Henderson, R and Simpson, J},
title = {A systematic review of the factors associated with the psychological wellbeing of people with Parkinson's in the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Disability and rehabilitation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/09638288.2024.2395460},
pmid = {39258822},
issn = {1464-5165},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The lockdown and social distancing measures introduced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the ability of people with Parkinson's to engage in normal health management practices. This led to documented reductions in psychological wellbeing. The aim of the present review was to identify factors associated with the psychological wellbeing of people with Parkinson's during the acute stage of the pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five academic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched and 23 articles were identified using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings are stratified by risk factor and analysed using a narrative synthesis.

RESULTS: Worsening of motor symptoms, poor motor-related daily living experiences and motor symptoms during "off time" (when symptom suppressing medication has worn off) as well as less physical activity emerged as the most consistent risk factors of worsened or poorer psychological wellbeing. A deviation from pre-pandemic risk factors was identified, with age and gender not identified as consistent risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS: The implications of this review are not limited to preparing for future pandemics but can also be applied to more common concerns with comparable contextual characteristics such as yearly flu outbreaks, social isolation, and economic uncertainty.},
}

@article {pmid39258541,
year = {2024},
author = {Clarke, M and Falcione, S and Boghozian, R and Todoran, R and Zhang, Y and C Real, MG and StPierre, A and Joy, T and Jickling, GC},
title = {Viral Infection and Ischemic Stroke: Emerging Trends and Mechanistic Insights.},
journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e035892},
doi = {10.1161/JAHA.124.035892},
pmid = {39258541},
issn = {2047-9980},
abstract = {Population studies have suggested that viral infections may be contributing to risk of ischemic stroke, although the mechanisms for this are unclear. In this review, we examine the epidemiological evidence supporting the involvement of viral diseases, including influenza, COVID-19, chronic herpesvirus infections, and hepatitis C in current trends of stroke incidence. To support these associations, we highlight the virus-host interactions that are critical in the context of stroke, including direct effects of acute and persistent viral infections on vascular function, inflammation, and thrombosis. Additionally, we evaluate the systemic changes that occur during viral infection that can predispose individuals to ischemic stroke, including alterations in blood pressure regulation, coagulation, and lipid metabolism. Our review emphasizes the need to further elucidate precise mechanisms involved in viral infections and stroke risk. Future research will inform the development of targeted interventions for stroke prevention in the context of viral diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39258051,
year = {2024},
author = {Mukkawar, RV and Reddy, H and Rathod, N and Kumar, S and Acharya, S},
title = {The Long-Term Cardiovascular Impact of COVID-19: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e66554},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.66554},
pmid = {39258051},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a substantial global health crisis, with effects extending far beyond the acute phase of infection. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the long-term cardiovascular impact of COVID-19, focusing on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and future research directions. SARS-CoV-2 induces cardiovascular complications through mechanisms such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and direct myocardial injury, leading to conditions like myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events. These long-term effects, collectively called "long COVID" or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), present significant challenges for healthcare systems and patient management. Diagnostic approaches include imaging techniques and laboratory tests to identify and monitor cardiovascular complications. Management strategies emphasize a holistic approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments and lifestyle modifications. Special attention is required for vulnerable populations, including those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. Ongoing research is essential to understand the full spectrum of long-term cardiovascular impacts and to develop effective treatments. This review highlights the critical need for continued vigilance, multidisciplinary care, and research to address the cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 and improve long-term health outcomes for survivors.},
}

@article {pmid39003121,
year = {2024},
author = {Soussahn, S and Buckwalter, K and Sayegh, R and Soliman, S and Weadock, W and Gaetke-Udager, K},
title = {Ergonomic considerations for the modern radiology practice: An update.},
journal = {Current problems in diagnostic radiology},
volume = {53},
number = {6},
pages = {738-744},
doi = {10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.07.005},
pmid = {39003121},
issn = {1535-6302},
mesh = {Humans ; *Ergonomics ; *Radiology ; *Workload ; Radiologists ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control/diagnostic imaging ; Occupational Injuries/prevention & control/diagnostic imaging ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {The average post-pandemic modern radiology practice is experiencing an ever-increasing workload volume with overall relatively similar staffing levels, regardless of practice setting. This has resulted in an increased workload demand for the average diagnostic radiologist, which in many cases translates to longer working hours. It is now more important than ever to be cognizant of various work-related injuries, including repetitive-stress injuries and vision-related ailments as examples, in relation to the working conditions of the radiologist. This article will discuss commonly occurring conditions and ergonomic considerations that the radiologist can employ to reduce the risk of work-related injuries.},
}

Humans
*Ergonomics
*Radiology
*Workload
Radiologists
Occupational Diseases/prevention & control/diagnostic imaging
Occupational Injuries/prevention & control/diagnostic imaging
COVID-19/prevention & control

@article {pmid39257890,
year = {2024},
author = {Venditto, L and Morano, S and Piazza, M and Zaffanello, M and Tenero, L and Piacentini, G and Ferrante, G},
title = {Artificial intelligence and wheezing in children: where are we now?.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1460050},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2024.1460050},
pmid = {39257890},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {Wheezing is a common condition in childhood, and its prevalence has increased in the last decade. Up to one-third of preschoolers develop recurrent wheezing, significantly impacting their quality of life and healthcare resources. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have recently been applied in paediatric allergology and pulmonology, contributing to disease recognition, risk stratification, and decision support. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has shaped healthcare systems, resulting in an increased workload and the necessity to reduce access to hospital facilities. In this view, AI and Machine Learning (ML) approaches can help address current issues in managing preschool wheezing, from its recognition with AI-augmented stethoscopes and monitoring with smartphone applications, aiming to improve parent-led/self-management and reducing economic and social costs. Moreover, in the last decade, ML algorithms have been applied in wheezing phenotyping, also contributing to identifying specific genes, and have been proven to even predict asthma in preschoolers. This minireview aims to update our knowledge on recent advancements of AI applications in childhood wheezing, summarizing and discussing the current evidence in recognition, diagnosis, phenotyping, and asthma prediction, with an overview of home monitoring and tele-management.},
}

@article {pmid39257704,
year = {2024},
author = {Cahuapaza-Gutierrez, NL and Campos-Escalante, TS},
title = {Aplastic Anemia Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.},
journal = {International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {297-305},
doi = {10.18502/ijhoscr.v18i3.16111},
pmid = {39257704},
issn = {2008-3009},
abstract = {Background: Aplastic anemia (AA) is the prototypical bone marrow failure syndrome due to the destruction of hematopoietic stem cells by cytotoxic T cells. According to case reports, vaccines could lead to the development of AA. We conducted the present systematic review to evaluate cases of AA following vaccination against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: We searched the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE in English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages until April 24, 2023. Published reports and case series on AA following vaccination against COVID-19 were included. The Joanna Brigs Institute (JBI) was used to assess study quality and risk of bias. Results: Six studies were selected from 102 research studies, and data were extracted according to the inclusion criteria. All case reports and case series reported the occurrence of AA following COVID-19 vaccination. AA events were mainly observed in vaccines with messenger ribonucleic acid technology (Moderna; Pfizer-BioNTech). AA was diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy, and severity was determined by Camitta criteria. Conclusion: All cases of AA were properly diagnosed. The sample size was small; therefore, further investigations are required to demonstrate and elucidate the complete pathophysiological mechanisms of AA development after receiving COVID-19 vaccination.},
}

@article {pmid39257516,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiao, Y and Wang, J and Yang, K and Jiang, M and Luo, J and Chen, K and Zhang, B},
title = {Effect of methylprednisolone in reducing severe COVID-19 and mortality in high-risk patients: A retrospective study.},
journal = {SAGE open medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {20503121241276683},
doi = {10.1177/20503121241276683},
pmid = {39257516},
issn = {2050-3121},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially high-risk patients, remains a large challenge. Glucocorticoids have been accepted as effective medicines for severe COVID-19. However, the glucocorticoid usage guidelines do not cover all the indications for high-risk patients.

OBJECTIVE: To identify more effective treatments for high-risk patients with COVID-19, this retrospective study analyzed routine epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data from 33 high-risk patients with COVID-19 in Beijing Gobroad Boren Hospital, Beijing, China, most of whom responded well to treatment.

METHODS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection was confirmed via real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Outcome measures such as duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit length of stay, and 28-day mortality were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: mild to moderate COVID-19 (n = 26) and severe COVID-19 (n = 7). Chest computed tomography images were used to guide methylprednisolone administration or withdrawal.

RESULTS: Upon intensive care unit admission, 12.1% of patients were mechanically ventilated with an average partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen(PaO2/FiO2) ratio of 279 ± 146. No coinfections with other endemic viruses were observed. The duration of mechanical ventilation was 16 days (interquartile range: 8-28); the intensive care unit length of stay was 11 (interquartile range: 2-33) days; and the 28-day total mortality was 3.0%.

CONCLUSION: Multivariate regression analysis revealed that low-dose, timely methylprednisolone administration was associated with a lower severe COVID-19 rate and mortality in high-risk patients. For high-risk patients, once there are ground-glass opacities (GGO) in the computed tomography image, continuous and low-dose methylprednisolone administration promotes inflammation remission and protects them from severe COVID-19 or mortality.},
}

@article {pmid39257023,
year = {2024},
author = {Barber, TJ and Clarke, A and Fox, A and Mackie, NE and Sabin, C and Waters, LJ},
title = {CROI 2024 BHIVA working group summary.},
journal = {HIV medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/hiv.13705},
pmid = {39257023},
issn = {1468-1293},
abstract = {The Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) is usually the most significant HIV conference of the year in terms of basic and clinical scientific output. CROI 2024 in Denver, USA, felt very much back to 'business as usual' following COVID-19 disruptions that had impacted preceding years, but also felt more global and outward- facing. The British HIV Association supports a working group to attend CROI annually and deliver feedback in the UK. This article summarizes the highlights from that meeting.},
}

@article {pmid39255913,
year = {2024},
author = {Micai, M and Caruso, A and Gila, L and Campanella, F and Colombi, C and Funari, F and Scordino, V and Sogos, C and Veronesi, C and Zili, V and Fulceri, F and Scattoni, ML},
title = {Effectiveness, implementation settings, and research priorities of telemedicine-delivered interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review.},
journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
volume = {166},
number = {},
pages = {105875},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105875},
pmid = {39255913},
issn = {1873-7528},
abstract = {This systematic review aims to examine evidence on telemedicine-delivered interventions for autistic children and adolescents, considering diverse approaches, settings, and modalities used to address core symptoms and co-occurring conditions. A comprehensive search strategy consulted PubMed and PsycInfo databases from inception to March 2023. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023404111. Each work was screened, and two blind authors extracted data. Out of 6010 studies, 19 publications with 366 participants (305 carers and 61 autistic children/adolescents) were included. Combined findings from observational and experimental studies indicate telemedicine-delivered interventions are comparable in effectiveness to traditional "in-person" treatments and involve lower costs. Tele-intervention outcomes show promise in facilitating interventions, actively engaging parents, and generalizing the socio-communicative behaviors of children. While the enforced adoption of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted clinicians to assess its role in the field of autism, a comprehensive understanding of its efficacy, benefits, and associated costs has yet to be fully established. Future studies should prioritize rigorous experimental methodologies, including subgroup analyses based on child/adolescent and family characteristics, aiding intervention implementation.},
}

@article {pmid39255073,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, X and Wani, MY and Al-Bogami, AS and Ahmad, A and Robinson, K and Khan, A},
title = {The Road Ahead: Advancing Antifungal Vaccines and Addressing Fungal Infections in the Post-COVID World.},
journal = {ACS infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00245},
pmid = {39255073},
issn = {2373-8227},
abstract = {In impoverished nations, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a widespread occurrence of deadly fungal diseases like mucormycosis. The limited availability of effective antifungal treatments and the emergence of drug-resistant fungal strains further exacerbate the situation. Factors such as systemic steroid use, intravenous drug misuse, and overutilization of broad-spectrum antimicrobials contribute to the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by drug-resistant fungi. Fungal infections exploit compromised immune status and employ intricate mechanisms to evade immune surveillance. The immune response involves the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to phagocytic and complement-mediated elimination of fungi. However, resistance to antifungals poses a challenge, highlighting the importance of antifungal prophylaxis and therapeutic vaccination. Understanding the host-fungal immunological interactions and developing vaccines are vital in combating fungal infections. Further research is needed to address the high mortality and morbidity associated with multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens and to develop innovative treatment drugs and vaccines. This review focuses on the global epidemiological burden of fungal infections, host-fungal immunological interactions, recent advancements in vaccine development and the road ahead.},
}

@article {pmid39254734,
year = {2024},
author = {Azoulay, E and Zuber, J and Bousfiha, AA and Long, Y and Tan, Y and Luo, S and Essafti, M and Annane, D},
title = {Complement system activation: bridging physiology, pathophysiology, and therapy.},
journal = {Intensive care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39254734},
issn = {1432-1238},
abstract = {The complement system is a set of over 50 proteins that constitutes an essential part of the innate immune system. Complement system activation involves an organized proteolytic cascade. Overactivation of complement system activation is the main pathogenic mechanism of several diseases and contributes to the manifestations of many other conditions. This review describes the normal complement system and the role for complement dysregulation in critical illnesses, notably sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Complement activation is involved in the immune system response to pathogens but, when excessive, can contribute to tissue damage, runaway inflammation, and capillary leakage syndrome. Complement overactivation may play a key role in severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Two diseases whose manifestations are mainly caused by complement overactivation, namely, atypical hemolytic and uremic syndrome (aHUS) and myasthenia gravis, are discussed. A diagnostic algorithm for aHUS is provided. Early complement-inhibiting therapy has been proven effective. When renal transplantation is required, complement-inhibiting drugs can be used prophylactically to prevent aHUS recurrence. Similarly, acetylcholine-receptor autoantibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis involves complement system overactivation and responds to complement inhibition. The two main complement inhibitors used in to date routine are eculizumab and ravulizumab. The main adverse event is Neisseria infection, which is rare and preventable, but can be fatal. The complement system is crucial to health but, when overactivated, can cause or contribute to disease. Effective complement inhibitors are now available, although additional data are required to determine optimal regimens. Further research is also needed to better understand the complement system, develop advanced diagnostic tools, and identify markers that allow the personalization of treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39252604,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, X and Shi, F and Zhang, H and Giang, WA and Kaur, A and Chen, H and Li, X},
title = {Long COVID among people with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {HIV medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/hiv.13708},
pmid = {39252604},
issn = {1468-1293},
support = {/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R21AI170159-01A1//University of South Carolina/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: People with HIV might be at an increased risk of long COVID (LC) because of their immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation and alterations in immunological responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between HIV infection and LC and the prevalence and characteristics of and risk factors for LC among people with HIV.

METHODS: Multiple databases, including Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts, were searched to identify articles published before June 2023. Published articles were included if they presented at least one LC outcome measure among people with HIV and used quantitative or mixed-methods study designs. For effects reported in three or more studies, meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed using R software.

RESULTS: We pooled 39 405 people with HIV and COVID-19 in 17 eligible studies out of 6158 publications in all the databases. It was estimated that 52% of people with HIV with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed at least one LC symptom. Results from the random-effects model showed that HIV infection was associated with an increased risk of LC (odds ratio 2.20; 95% confidence interval 1.25-3.86). The most common LC symptoms among people with HIV were cough, fatigue, and asthenia. Risk factors associated with LC among people with HIV included a history of moderate-severe COVID-19 illness, increased interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 or tumour necrosis factor-α, and decreased interferon-β, among others.

CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to exacerbate health inequities among people with HIV because of their higher risk of developing LC. Our review is informative for public health and clinical communities to develop tailored strategies to prevent aggravated LC among people with HIV.},
}

@article {pmid39252311,
year = {2024},
author = {Erciyestepe, SG and Pata, Ö},
title = {COVID-19 positive woman presented with major fetal congenital anomalies: A case report with literature review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {103},
number = {36},
pages = {e39504},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000039504},
pmid = {39252311},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *COVID-19/complications ; Adult ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Infant, Newborn ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Pregnancy is a special term in life with physiological changes in both cardiorespiratory and immune systems; that is why severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnancy may result in an altered response. With this, we present a case report of a young pregnant lady who was exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection just before pregnancy and ended up with an affected fetus. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure on neonatal outcomes has not yet been fully evaluated; by this article, we aim to find if COVID-19 exposure is linked to congenital anomalies.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 25-year-old woman who has no history of genetic or chronic diseases applied to our clinic for routine control of pregnancy. She does not have a consanguineous marriage or any other potential risk factors for pregnancy.

DIAGNOSES AND INTERVENTIONS: She had a history of COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction positivity 2 days before the first day of the last menstruation period and hospitalization for 7 days. After 7 days of treatment with favipiravir and levofloxacin, enoxaparin sodium, famotidine, paracetamol, budesonide, dornaz alfa, and vitamin C; her general situation gets better, and discharged from the hospital on the seventh day of hospitalization without any further treatment prescription.

OUTCOMES: During her routine controls for pregnancy at first-trimester evaluation ultrasonography; there was right forearm aplasia and deformities at both feet and legs.

LESSONS: In the literature, there is conflicting evidence about the impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy especially if the patient is confronted with the virus in the first trimester. Despite the increasing number of published studies on COVID-19 in pregnancy, there are insufficient good quality unbiased studies about the issue. Risk factors for COVID-19 overlap with the risk factors for pregnancy complications and the risk factors of the treatment prescribed. The impact of COVID-19 exposure on neonatal outcomes has not yet been fully evaluated; in this article, we aim to find if COVID-19 exposure is linked to congenital anomalies. Further research is needed to ascertain neonatal outcomes.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
*COVID-19/complications
Adult
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy/virology
*SARS-CoV-2
Congenital Abnormalities
Infant, Newborn

@article {pmid39251859,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, E and Xi, L},
title = {Cardiovascular adverse effects of antiviral therapies for COVID-19: Evidence and plausible mechanisms.},
journal = {Acta pharmacologica Sinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39251859},
issn = {1745-7254},
abstract = {Antiviral therapeutics have made a critical contribution in mitigating the symptoms and clinical outcomes of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), in which a single-stranded RNA viral pathogen, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes multi-organ injuries. Several antivirals were widely prescribed to treat COVID-19, either through the emergency use authorization (EUA) by the governmental regulatory agencies (i.e., remdesivir, paxlovid, molnupiravir, and the SARS-CoV-2-targeted monoclonal antibodies - tixagevimab and cilgavimab), as well as the repurposed use of the existing antiviral or antimalarial drugs (e.g., hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and ivermectin). Despite their efficacy in ameliorating COVID-19 symptoms, some adverse side-effects of the antivirals were also reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our current review has aimed to gather and extrapolate the recently published information concerning cardiovascular adverse effects caused by each of the antivirals. We also provide further discussion on the potential cellular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular adverse effects of the selected antiviral drugs, which should be carefully considered when evaluating risk factors in managing patients with COVID-19 or similar infectious diseases. It is foreseeable that future antiviral drug development assisted with the newest artificial intelligence platform may improve the accuracy to predict the structures of biomolecules of antivirals and therefore to mitigate their associated cardiovascular adversities.},
}

@article {pmid39251369,
year = {2024},
author = {Městecký, J and Raška, M},
title = {COVID-19: to vaccinate or not to vaccinate - that is the question.},
journal = {Casopis lekaru ceskych},
volume = {163},
number = {4},
pages = {131-136},
pmid = {39251369},
issn = {0008-7335},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccination ; Immunity, Mucosal ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is a virus which infects the respiratory tract and may cause severe, occasionally life-threatening disease COVID-19. In more than 5% of symptomatic patients the infection is associated with post-acute symptoms. The initial contact of the virus with the immune system of the nasopharynx and oropharynx induces a mucosal immune response manifested by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies which may contribute to the restriction of the infection to the upper respiratory tract and an asymptomatic or clinically mild disease. The current systemically administered vaccines protected against the severe COVID-19 infection and its post-acute sequelae. However, they do not induce antibodies in mucosal secretions in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. In contrast, in those who previously experienced mucosal infection, systemically administered vaccines may stimulate sIgA production. The clinical benefit of systemic vaccination convincingly documented in tens of millions of individuals overshadows the rare, sometimes controversial reports of complications encountered after vaccination. The inability of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to induce mucosal immune responses and to prevent the spreading of the virus by external secretions demonstrates the mutual independence of mucosal and systemic compartments of the immune system, and thus emphasizes need for the development of vaccines inducing protective immune responses in both compartments.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Vaccination
Immunity, Mucosal

@article {pmid39250714,
year = {2024},
author = {},
title = {Iptacopan Hydrochloride.},
journal = {American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists},
volume = {81},
number = {18},
pages = {790-793},
doi = {10.1093/ajhp/zxae127},
pmid = {39250714},
issn = {1535-2900},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid39250257,
year = {2024},
author = {Kokoszka, L and Pariseault, C and Pariseault, CA and Hunter, D},
title = {Caring for Persons with Alzheimer's Disease during a Pandemic: An Integrative Literature Review.},
journal = {Home healthcare now},
volume = {42},
number = {5},
pages = {267-276},
pmid = {39250257},
issn = {2374-4537},
mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease/nursing ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing ; *Caregivers/psychology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The population experiencing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregivers have been tremendously impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Outpatient services became less accessible during the pandemic lockdown which caused increased caregiver burden more than usual. Further examination discovered that caregivers were unable to properly take care of themselves because of the need to provide around-the-clock care to loved ones, who pre-pandemic were able to receive supplemental caregiving services. The purpose of this integrative review was to provide a synthesis of information regarding caregiver experiences, during a time of limited resources, such as with the COVID-19 global pandemic. A comprehensive search of the literature databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Medline was completed yielding qualitative and mixed-methods studies. The literature search yielded 14 articles which met the criteria. Three themes emerged during this review. They include: Deprivation of self-care and social connectedness, Fragmented care and resources, and Improved policy development. Multiple gaps in caregiver needs have been identified throughout the literature. Outpatient services, home health aides, and respite care remain necessary elements of care for those with AD and for the relief of the caregiver. Forward planning should include government policies to support caregiving of those with AD, especially in the light of service restrictions or unavailable services.},
}

Humans
*Alzheimer Disease/nursing
*COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing
*Caregivers/psychology
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39078037,
year = {2024},
author = {Bolinger, AA and Li, J and Xie, X and Li, H and Zhou, J},
title = {Lessons learnt from broad-spectrum coronavirus antiviral drug discovery.},
journal = {Expert opinion on drug discovery},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {1023-1041},
doi = {10.1080/17460441.2024.2385598},
pmid = {39078037},
issn = {1746-045X},
mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Drug Discovery/methods ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Drug Repositioning ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy/virology ; Drug Development/methods ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Highly pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs), such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), and the most recent SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, pose significant threats to human populations over the past two decades. These CoVs have caused a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe distress syndromes (ARDS), resulting in high morbidity and mortality.

AREAS COVERED: The accelerated advancements in antiviral drug discovery, spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, have shed new light on the imperative to develop treatments effective against a broad spectrum of CoVs. This perspective discusses strategies and lessons learnt in targeting viral non-structural proteins, structural proteins, drug repurposing, and combinational approaches for the development of antivirals against CoVs.

EXPERT OPINION: Drawing lessons from the pandemic, it becomes evident that the absence of efficient broad-spectrum antiviral drugs increases the vulnerability of public health systems to the potential onslaught by highly pathogenic CoVs. The rapid and sustained spread of novel CoVs can have devastating consequences without effective and specifically targeted treatments. Prioritizing the effective development of broad-spectrum antivirals is imperative for bolstering the resilience of public health systems and mitigating the potential impact of future highly pathogenic CoVs.},
}

*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
Humans
*Drug Discovery/methods
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
*Drug Repositioning
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Animals
COVID-19
Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy/virology
Drug Development/methods

@article {pmid39249140,
year = {2024},
author = {Auanassova, A and Yessirkepov, M and Kocyigit, BF},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 as a trigger of IgA vasculitis: a clinical case and literature review.},
journal = {Rheumatology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39249140},
issn = {1437-160X},
abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has negatively affected global health. COVID-19 has been associated with a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, complicating its respiratory manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammatory reactions which may involve multiple organs and systems. The proof for IgA involvement in the immune reactions to coronavirus infection is growing, particularly in the case of IgA immune complex deposition diseases such as IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and IgA nephropathy.This report presents a case of IgAV caused by SARS-CoV-2 in a 53-year-old man. His symptoms included papillomatous, bright red rashes, urticaria throughout the body, aphthous stomatitis, pain in all joints and muscles, weakness, malaise, abdominal pain, face swelling, and arterial hypertension (160/100 mmHg). He received intravenous methylprednisolone (250 mg) and then oral methylprednisolone (16 mg) treatment, which improved his condition. This improvement included the disappearance of abdominal and joint pain and skin rashes.This article also provides an overview of published cases of IgAV after SARS-CoV-2. It may alert rheumatologists and allied specialists of clinical features of IgAV and guide them how to diagnose and treat this disease.},
}

@article {pmid39248660,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramachandran, S and Chang, HJ and Worthington, C and Kushniruk, A and Ibáñez-Carrasco, F and Davies, H and McKee, G and Brown, A and Gilbert, M and Iyamu, I},
title = {Digital Competencies and Training Approaches to Enhance the Capacity of Practitioners to Support the Digital Transformation of Public Health: Rapid Review of Current Recommendations.},
journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {e52798},
doi = {10.2196/52798},
pmid = {39248660},
issn = {2369-2960},
mesh = {Humans ; *Public Health/education ; Canada ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Digital Technology ; Professional Competence/standards ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in the public health workforce's capacity to deploy digital technologies while upholding ethical, social justice, and health equity principles. Existing public health competency frameworks have not been updated to reflect the prominent role digital technologies play in contemporary public health, and public health training institutions are seeking to integrate digital technologies in their curricula.

OBJECTIVE: As a first step in a multiphase study exploring recommendations for updates to public health competency frameworks within the Canadian public health context, we conducted a rapid review of literature aiming to identify recommendations for digital competencies, training approaches, and inter- or transdisciplinary partnerships that can enhance public health practitioners' capacity to support the digital transformation of public health.

METHODS: Following the World Health Organization's (2017) guidelines for rapid reviews, a systematic search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles. We also searched Google Scholar and various public health agency and public health association websites for gray literature using search terms related to public health, digital health, practice competencies, and training approaches. We included articles with explicit practice competencies and training recommendations related to digital technologies among public health practitioners published between January 2010 and December 2022. We excluded articles describing these concepts in passing or from a solely clinical perspective.

RESULTS: Our search returned 2023 titles and abstracts, of which only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found recommendations for new competencies to enable public health practitioners to appropriately use digital technologies that cut across all existing categories of the core competencies for public health framework of the Public Health Agency of Canada. We also identified a new competency category related to data, data systems management, and governance. Training approaches identified include adapted degree-awarding programs like combined public health and informatics or data science degree programs and ongoing professional certifications with integration of practice-based learning in multi- and interdisciplinary training. Disciplines suggested as important to facilitate practice competency and training recommendations included public health, public health informatics, data, information and computer sciences, biostatistics, health communication, and business.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the growth of digital technologies in public health, recommendations about practice competencies and training approaches necessary to effectively support the digital transformation of public health remain limited in the literature. Where available, evidence suggests the workforce requires new competencies that cut across and extend existing public health competencies, including new competencies related to the use and protection of new digital data sources, alongside facilitating health communication and promotion functions using digital media. Recommendations also emphasize the need for training approaches that focus on interdisciplinarity through adapted degree-awarding public health training programs and ongoing professional development.},
}

Humans
*Public Health/education
Canada
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Digital Technology
Professional Competence/standards
Pandemics

@article {pmid39248304,
year = {2024},
author = {Olszewski, D and Tomaszewska, A and Samolinski, B},
title = {Factors influencing patients' decisions regarding participation in clinical trials: Review of current literature.},
journal = {Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.17219/acem/190453},
pmid = {39248304},
issn = {1899-5276},
abstract = {Obtaining timely data in clinical trials (CTs) is critical for drug registration. This depends directly on the speed at which patients are recruited. This paper provides an overview of selected scientific works and literature from different countries about patients' motivators and barriers to participating in CTs From 55 articles retrieved from PubMed, 5 were selected for the analysis. Additionally, 6 publications, including 2 by Polish authors, were reviewed. As a result, we identified 10 factors for further investigation: altruism, hope for personal benefit, access to better care, the role of a doctor, the opinions of close friends or relatives, financial compensation, side effects, the patient's role as a guinea pig, effort and time, and the use of placebo. Regardless of the therapeutic area, health status, study phase, country, geographic area, economic situation, or healthcare system, patients indicated very similar reasons when deciding to participate in a CT. Even if patients as a group had similar motives and concerns, there are individual elements or unusual factors that need to be better understood and evaluated to accelerate the recruitment process in order to avoid certain drugs or therapies being overlooked or underestimated. In this way, investigators can help patients make the best decisions and more effectively support the process of registering a new drug. Future research on factors influencing patients' decisions is still necessary: We do not know how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced patient motivation, how new regulations on CTs are changing patients' perceptions of CTs, and what may be important depending on the study, country, therapeutic area and other factors.},
}

@article {pmid39105669,
year = {2024},
author = {Pérez-Latorre, L and Ramilo, O},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. vaccination during pregnancy: the placenta leads the way.},
journal = {Current opinion in infectious diseases},
volume = {37},
number = {5},
pages = {402-406},
doi = {10.1097/QCO.0000000000001050},
pmid = {39105669},
issn = {1473-6527},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; *Placenta/virology/immunology ; *Vaccination/methods ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Immunization, Passive/methods ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To understand the characteristics and determinants of transplacental antibody transfer against SARS-CoV-2 and to compare the differences between SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

RECENT FINDINGS: The need for information during the COVID-19 pandemic and the exclusion of pregnant women from randomized clinical trials have led to a vast amount of clinical data primarily based on observational studies with diverse design and sample analyses that yield variable results. This review aims to critically and comprehensively integrate the relevant knowledge related to transplacental transfer of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the differences between infection and vaccination.

SUMMARY: Passive immunization is key to conferring protection to the infant during their first months of life. Understanding the mechanisms of transplacental antibody transfer during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and their associated protection will allow optimizing the implementation of well tolerated and effective preventive strategies for both pregnant women and infants.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
*Placenta/virology/immunology
*Vaccination/methods
Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Immunization, Passive/methods

@article {pmid38804627,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, X and Gao, X and Zheng, H and Yuan, H and Liu, H and Ran, Q and Luo, M},
title = {Platelet dysfunction caused by differentially expressed genes as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19.},
journal = {Minerva cardiology and angiology},
volume = {72},
number = {5},
pages = {517-534},
doi = {10.23736/S2724-5683.24.06501-3},
pmid = {38804627},
issn = {2724-5772},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/genetics/complications ; *Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Blood Platelet Disorders/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became prevalent worldwide, which brought a heavy medical burden and tremendous economic losses to the world population. In addition to the common clinical respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough and headache, patients with COVID-19 often have hematological diseases, especially platelet dysfunction. Platelet dysfunction usually leads to multiple organ dysfunction, which is closely related to patient severity or mortality. In addition, studies have confirmed significant changes in the gene expression profile of circulating platelets under SARS-CoV-2 infection, which will further lead to changes in platelet function. At the same time, studies have shown that platelets may absorb SARS-COV-2 mRNA independently of ACE2, which further emphasizes the importance of the stability of platelet function in defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study reviewed the relationship between COVID-19 and platelet and SARS-CoV-2 damage to the circulatory system, and further analyzed the significantly differentially expressed mRNA in platelets after infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of previous studies. The top eight hub genes were identified as NLRP3, MT-CO1, CD86, ICAM1, MT-CYB, CASP8, CXCL8 and CXCR4. Subsequently, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on platelet transcript abnormalities and platelet dysfunction were further explored on the basis of 8 hub genes. Finally, the treatment measures of complications caused by platelet dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 were discussed in detail, so as to provide reference for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/genetics/complications
*Blood Platelets/metabolism
Blood Platelet Disorders/genetics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39247752,
year = {2024},
author = {Arévalo-Cortés, A and Rodriguez-Pinto, D and Aguilar-Ayala, L},
title = {Evidence for Molecular Mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and Human Antigens: Implications for Autoimmunity in COVID-19.},
journal = {Autoimmune diseases},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {8359683},
pmid = {39247752},
issn = {2090-0422},
abstract = {As for other viral diseases, the mechanisms behind the apparent relationship between COVID-19 and autoimmunity are yet to be clearly defined. Molecular mimicry, the existence of sequence and/or conformational homology between viral and human antigens, could be an important contributing factor. Here, we review the accumulated evidence supporting the occurrence of mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins. Both bioinformatic approaches and antibody cross-reactions have yielded a significant magnitude of mimicry events, far more common than expected to happen by chance. The clinical implication of this phenomenon is ample since many of the identified antigens may participate in COVID-19 pathophysiology or are targets of autoimmune diseases. Thus, autoimmunity related to COVID-19 may be partially explained by molecular mimicry and further research designed specifically to address this possibility is needed.},
}

@article {pmid39247343,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, Y and Quan, X and Gu, R and Meng, Z and Gan, H and Wu, Z and Sun, Y and Pan, H and Han, P and Liu, S and Dou, G},
title = {Repurposing existing drugs for the treatment ofCOVID-19/SARS-CoV-2: A review of pharmacological effects and mechanism of action.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {16},
pages = {e35988},
pmid = {39247343},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Following the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an ongoing need to seek drugs that target COVID-19. First off, novel drugs have a long development cycle, high investment cost, and are high risk. Second, novel drugs must be evaluated for activity, efficacy, safety, and metabolic performance, contributing to the development cycle, investment cost, and risk. We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register (including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP, and medRxiv), Web of Science (Science Citation Index, Emerging Citation Index), and WHO COVID-19 Coronaviral Disease Global Literature to identify completed and ongoing studies as of February 20, 2024. We evaluated the pharmacological effects, in vivo and in vitro data of the 16 candidates in the paper. The difficulty of studying these candidates in clinical trials involving COVID-19 patients, dosage of repurposed drugs, etc. is discussed in detail. Ultimately, Metformin is more suitable for prophylactic administration or mildly ill patients; the combination of Oseltamivir, Tamoxifen, and Dexamethasone is suitable for moderately and severely ill patients; and more clinical trials are needed for Azvudine, Ribavirin, Colchicine, and Cepharanthine to demonstrate efficacy.},
}

@article {pmid39246731,
year = {2024},
author = {Alemu, TG and Tamir, TT and Workneh, BS and Mekonen, EG and Ali, MS and Zegeye, AF and Wassie, M and Kassie, AT and Tekeba, B and Gonete, AT and Techane, MA},
title = {Intimate partner violence and associated factors among women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in global women's health},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1425176},
pmid = {39246731},
issn = {2673-5059},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, intimate partner violence increased globally, but most notably in Africa. Conditions such as movement restrictions, staying home, and school closures increased the risk of domestic violence against women. Intimate partner violence is violence demonstrated by an intimate partner against women including physical, sexual, and psychological violence. Despite existing laws against intimate partner violence in Ethiopia, enforcement by law and the judicial system remains inadequate. Thus, this research aims to identify factors contributing to intimate partner violence among women during the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing insights from the current literature.

METHOD: We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane, and others. Two reviewers separately carried out the search, study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction. A third party was involved in resolving disagreements among the reviewers. All 10 studies included in this study were published in English, with publication dates before 25 February 2024. Articles lacking an abstract and/or full-text, studies that did not identify the intended outcome, and qualitative studies were excluded from the analysis. A Microsoft Excel checklist was used to extract the data, which were then exported to STATA 11. I [2], funnel plots, and Egger's test were employed to measure heterogeneity and detect publication bias, respectively. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors among women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULT: The meta-analysis includes a sample size of 6,280 women from 10 articles. The pooled prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors among women during the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be 31.60% (95% CI: 21.10-42.11) and significant factors were partner alcohol use with a pooled odds ratio of 1.93 (95% CI: 1.60-2.23), income loss during the COVID-19 pandemic with a pooled odds ratio of 9.86 (95% CI: 6.35-15.70), partner's literacy level/education status with a pooled odds ratio of 2.03 (95% CI: 1.57-2.63), and decision-making in the household with a pooled odds ratio of 1.82 (95% CI: 1.33-2.50).

CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis found preliminary evidence that intimate partner violence increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. A partner who has a history of alcohol use, women who had lost income during COVID-19, a partner who has no formal education, and household decisions made by the husband alone were statistically significant factors for intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. This implies that the health sector must play a significant role in providing women who are victims of violence with comprehensive healthcare, advocating that violence against women should be viewed as unacceptable, and improving literacy to minimize the consequences of intimate partner violence among women.},
}

@article {pmid39246619,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, W},
title = {Germinal Center Response to mRNA Vaccination and Impact of Immunological Imprinting on Subsequent Vaccination.},
journal = {Immune network},
volume = {24},
number = {4},
pages = {e28},
pmid = {39246619},
issn = {1598-2629},
abstract = {Vaccines are the most effective intervention currently available, offering protective immunity against targeted pathogens. The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has prompted rapid development and deployment of lipid nanoparticle encapsulated, mRNA-based vaccines. While these vaccines have demonstrated remarkable immunogenicity, concerns persist regarding their ability to confer durable protective immunity to continuously evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. This review focuses on human B cell responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, with particular emphasis on the crucial role of germinal center reactions in shaping enduring protective immunity. Additionally, we explored observations of immunological imprinting and dynamics of recalled pre-existing immunity following variants of concern-based booster vaccination. Insights from this review contribute to comprehensive understanding B cell responses to mRNA vaccination in humans, thereby refining vaccination strategies for optimal and sustained protection against evolving coronavirus variants.},
}

@article {pmid39246499,
year = {2024},
author = {Devi, TL and Devi, MM and Okram, M and Singh, OM},
title = {Repurposed Drugs during the Outbreak of Pandemic COVID-19: A Mini-Review on Their Molecular Structures and Hit-and-Trial Results.},
journal = {ACS omega},
volume = {9},
number = {35},
pages = {36858-36864},
pmid = {39246499},
issn = {2470-1343},
abstract = {One of the most significant threats to global public health in the 21st century is the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. It rapidly turned into a global pandemic after it was identified in late 2019, and the World Health Organization announced the end of the pandemic on May 5, 2023. Current strategies for managing this disease include vaccination and repurposing antimalarial and antibiotic medications to alleviate symptoms like fever and throat pain, which are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Antiviral drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, and favipiravir have been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. They were previously recommended for treating SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, the inefficacy and adverse side effects of these repurposed drugs led to a decrease in their widespread use in treating COVID-19 patients. The lack of approved drugs for combating this coronavirus and its unpredictable variants remains a significant challenge.},
}

@article {pmid39246209,
year = {2024},
author = {Gupta, P and Dev, K and Kaur, G},
title = {Phytoconstituents as modulator of inflammatory pathways for COVID-19: A comprehensive review and recommendations.},
journal = {Phytotherapy research : PTR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ptr.8302},
pmid = {39246209},
issn = {1099-1573},
support = {MCB200120//Microsoft/ ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection causes disruptions in inflammatory pathways, which fundamentally contribute to COVID-19 pathophysiology. The present review critically evaluates the gaps in scientific literature and presents the current status regarding the inflammatory signaling pathways in COVID-19. We propose that phytoconstituents can be used to treat COVID-19 associated inflammation, several already formulated in traditional medications. For this purpose, extensive literature analysis was conducted in the PubMed database to collect relevant in vitro, in vivo, and human patient studies where inflammation pathways were shown to be upregulated in COVID-19. Parallelly, scientific literature was screened for phytoconstituents with known cellular mechanisms implicated for inflammation or COVID-19 associated inflammation. Studies with insufficient evidence on cellular pathways for autophagy and mitophagy were considered out of scope and excluded from the study. The final analysis was visualized in figures and evaluated for accuracy. Our findings demonstrate the frequent participation of NF-κB, a transcription factor, in inflammatory signaling pathways linked to COVID-19. Moreover, the MAPK signaling pathway is also implicated in producing inflammatory molecules. Furthermore, it was also analyzed that the phytoconstituents with flavonoid and phenolic backbones could inhibit either the TLR4 receptor or its consecutive signaling molecules, thereby, decreasing NF-κB activity and suppressing cytokine production. Although, allopathy has treated the early phase of COVID-19, anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents and existing ayurvedic formulations may act on the COVID-19 associated inflammatory pathways and provide an additional treatment strategy. Therefore, we recommend the usage of flavonoids and phenolic phytoconstituents for the treatment of inflammation associated with COVID-19 infection and similar viral ailments.},
}

@article {pmid39246064,
year = {2024},
author = {Gay, L and Desquiret-Dumas, V and Nagot, N and Rapenne, C and Van de Perre, P and Reynier, P and Molès, JP},
title = {Long-term persistence of mitochondrial dysfunctions after viral infections and antiviral therapies: A review of mechanisms involved.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {96},
number = {9},
pages = {e29886},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.29886},
pmid = {39246064},
issn = {1096-9071},
support = {ANRS#0014-MIDDLE//Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Mitochondria/drug effects ; *DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *COVID-19/virology ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy/virology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
abstract = {Mitochondria are vital for most cells' functions. Viruses hijack mitochondria machinery for misappropriation of energy supply or to bypass defense mechanisms. Many of these mitochondrial dysfunctions persist after recovery from treated or untreated viral infections, particularly when mitochondrial DNA is permanently damaged. Quantitative defects and structural rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA accumulate in post-mitotic tissues as recently reported long after SARS-CoV-2 or HIV infection, or following antiviral therapy. These observations are consistent with the "hit-and-run" concept proposed decades ago to explain viro-induced cell transformation and it could apply to delayed post-viral onsets of symptoms and advocate for complementary supportive care. Thus, according to this concept, following exposure to viruses or antiviral agents, mitochondrial damage could evolve into an autonomous clinical condition. It also establishes a pathogenic link between communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases.},
}

Humans
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
*Mitochondria/drug effects
*DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
*COVID-19/virology
*Virus Diseases/drug therapy/virology
HIV Infections/drug therapy/virology
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid39245955,
year = {2024},
author = {Tripp, RA and Martin, DE},
title = {Antiviral agents and therapeutics against respiratory viruses.},
journal = {Expert opinion on investigational drugs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.1080/13543784.2024.2401911},
pmid = {39245955},
issn = {1744-7658},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Respiratory viruses are responsible for significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. While vaccines are highly effective at reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with viral infections, this protection is incomplete. It requires a high degree of compliance, which is hindered by vaccine hesitancy. To address these gaps, antiviral agents and therapeutics are crucial in combating diseases caused by respiratory viruses. Antiviral agents are broadly classified into two groups: 1) direct-acting antivirals (DAA) and 2) host-directed antivirals (HDA).

AREAS COVERED: This review comprehensively examines Phase II FDA-approved antiviral drugs for influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV as published in clinicaltrials.gov. It focuses on DAAs and various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have been approved for the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory tract infections.

EXPERT OPINION: Antiviral drugs being developed assess different mechanisms of action to combat viruses and other delivery routes (i.e. oral, inhalation, or parenteral). The associated clinical trials address the impact on disease while determining the appropriate dosage levels for further investigation in Phase III. A robust pipeline of agents is necessary to meet the global need for effective antiviral therapeutics.},
}

@article {pmid39245521,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiao, Z and Guo, Y and Li, J and Jiang, X and Wu, F and Wang, Y and Zhang, Y and Zhou, W},
title = {Harnessing traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides for combatting COVID-19.},
journal = {Carbohydrate polymers},
volume = {346},
number = {},
pages = {122605},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122605},
pmid = {39245521},
issn = {1879-1344},
mesh = {Humans ; *Polysaccharides/therapeutic use/chemistry/pharmacology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry ; *COVID-19/virology ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry ; Virus Internalization/drug effects ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; },
abstract = {With the global spread of COVID-19 posing ongoing challenges to public health systems, there is an ever-increasing demand for effective therapeutics that can mitigate both viral transmission and disease severity. This review surveys the landscape of polysaccharides derived from traditional Chinese medicine, acclaimed for their medicinal properties and potential to contribute to the COVID-19 response. We specifically focus on the capability of these polysaccharides to thwart SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, a pivotal step in the viral life cycle that informs transmission and pathogenicity. Moreover, we delve into the concept of trained immunity, an innate immune system feature that polysaccharides may potentiate, offering an avenue for a more moderated yet efficacious immune response against various pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Our comprehensive overview aims to bolster understanding of the possible integration of these substances within anti-COVID-19 measures, emphasizing the need for rigorous investigation into their potential applications and underlying mechanisms. The insights provided here strongly support ongoing investigations into the adjunctive use of polysaccharides in the management of COVID-19, with the anticipation that such findings could lead to a deeper appreciation and clearer elucidation of the antiviral potentials inherent in complex Chinese herbal remedies.},
}

Humans
*Polysaccharides/therapeutic use/chemistry/pharmacology
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
*Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry
*COVID-19/virology
*Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry
Virus Internalization/drug effects
Immunity, Innate/drug effects

@article {pmid39245297,
year = {2024},
author = {Volpe, S and Mastroleo, F and Vincini, MG and Zaffaroni, M and Porazzi, A and Damiani, E and Marvaso, G and Jereczek-Fossa, BA},
title = {Facing the climate change: is radiotherapy as green as we would like? A systematic review.},
journal = {Critical reviews in oncology/hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104500},
doi = {10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104500},
pmid = {39245297},
issn = {1879-0461},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To focus on the ecological footprint of radiotherapy (RT), on opportunities for sustainable practices, on future research directions.

METHODS: Different databases were interrogated using the following terms: Carbon Footprint, Sustainab*, Carbon Dioxide, Radiotherapy, and relative synonyms.

RESULTS: 931 records were retrieved; 15 reports were included in the review. Eight main thematic areas have been identified. Nine research works analyzed the environmental impact of photon-based external beam RT. Particle therapy was the subject of one work. Other thematic areas were brachytherapy, intra-operative RT, telemedicine, travel-related issues, and the impact of COVID-19.

CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates the strong interest in identifying novel strategies for a more environmentally friendly RT and serves as a clarion call to unveil the environmental impact of carbon footprints entwined with radiation therapy. Future research should address current gaps to guide the transition towards greener practices, reducing the environmental footprint and maintaining high-quality care.},
}

@article {pmid39244809,
year = {2024},
author = {Mawazi, SM and Fathima, N and Mahmood, S and Al-Mahmood, SMA},
title = {Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 virus: A narrative review and bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {The American journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {98-107},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2024.09.001},
pmid = {39244809},
issn = {1532-8171},
abstract = {The COVID-19 epidemic has become a major international health emergency. Millions of people have died as a result of this phenomenon since it began. Has there been any successful pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 since the initial report on the virus? How many searches are undertaken to address the impact of the infection? What is the number of drugs that have undergone investigation? What are the mechanisms of action and adverse effects associated with the investigated pharmaceuticals used to treat COVID-19? Has the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved any medication to treat COVID-19? To date, our understanding is based on a restricted corpus of published investigations into the treatment of COVID-19. It is important to note that no single study comprehensively encompasses all pharmacological interventions for COVID-19. This paper provides an introductory summary of a bibliometric analysis conducted on the data about COVID-19, sourced explicitly from two platforms, namely PubMed and ScienceDirect. The analysis encompasses the period spanning from 2019 to 2022. Furthermore, this study examines the published literature about the pharmacological interventions for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), explicitly focusing on the safety and effectiveness of different medications such as Remdesivir (marketed as Veklury®), Lopinavir/Ritonavir (commercially known as Kaletra® or Aluvia®), Ribavirin, Favipiravir (marketed as Avigan®), Ivermectin, Casirivimab and Imdevimab (branded as Ronapreve®), Sotrovimab (marketed as Xevudy®), Anakinra, Molnupiravir, Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (marketed as Paxlovid®), and Galidesivir. Findings indicate that while Remdesivir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir show significant efficacy in reducing hospitalization and severe outcomes, drugs like Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Ivermectin have inconsistent results. Our insights suggest a multifaceted approach incorporating these therapies can significantly improve patient outcomes. Repurposing drugs has been critical in rapidly responding to COVID-19, allowing existing medications to be used in new ways to combat the virus. Combination therapies and further research are essential to optimize treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39244248,
year = {2024},
author = {Balasubramaniam Oam, R and Patel, J and Shanmugasundaram, K and Singer, SR},
title = {The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Other Emerging Infections on Dentistry.},
journal = {Dental clinics of North America},
volume = {68},
number = {4},
pages = {627-646},
doi = {10.1016/j.cden.2024.07.007},
pmid = {39244248},
issn = {1558-0512},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Dentistry ; Infection Control, Dental/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Dental Care ; },
abstract = {The appearance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other emerging infections has significantly impacted the field of dentistry, leading to widespread changes in practices and protocols. This has included the implementation of strict infection control measures, such as meticulous use of personal protective equipment, minimizing aerosol-generating procedures, and the adoption of teledentistry to reduce in-person contact. To date, the complete impact of delays in dental care caused by lockdowns has yet to be determined. The challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic have propelled innovation, shaping a new era of dentistry focused on safety against novel and re-emerging infections.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
Personal Protective Equipment
Dentistry
Infection Control, Dental/methods
SARS-CoV-2
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control/epidemiology
Dental Care

@article {pmid39244044,
year = {2024},
author = {Puga, A and Moreira, MM and Sanromán, MA and Pazos, MM and Delerue-Matos, C},
title = {Antidepressants and COVID-19: Increased use, occurrence in water and effects and consequences on aquatic environment. A review.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175993},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175993},
pmid = {39244044},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic changed the consumption of many drugs, among which antidepressants stand out. This review evaluated the frequency of antidepressant use before and after COVID-19. Once the most consumed antidepressants were identified, detecting a variation in the frequency of consumption on the different continents, an overview of their life cycle was carried out, specifying which antidepressants are mostly detected and the places where there is a greater concentration. In addition, the main metabolites of the most used antidepressants were also investigated. A correlation between the most consumed drugs and the most detected was made, emphasizing the lack of information on the occurrence of some of the most consumed antidepressants. Subsequently, studies on the effects on aquatic life were also reviewed, evaluated through different living beings (fish, crustaceans, molluscs, planktonic crustaceans and algae). Likewise, many of the most used antidepressants lack studies on potential adverse effects on aquatic living beings. This review underscores the need for further research, particularly focusing on the life cycle of the most prescribed antidepressants. In particular, it is a priority to know the occurrence and adverse effects in the aquatic environment of the most used antidepressants after the pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid39243725,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, Y and Azzuolo, A and Fodil, N and Gros, P},
title = {Gene: environment interactions in immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.},
journal = {Current opinion in immunology},
volume = {90},
number = {},
pages = {102459},
doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2024.102459},
pmid = {39243725},
issn = {1879-0372},
abstract = {Despite its devastating human cost, the rapid spread and global establishment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic had the benefit of providing unique insights into the intricate interplay between genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors, which collectively impact susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Preceding the implementation of broad vaccination programs and assuming the absence of significant acquired immunity, examining the innate vulnerability to the virus becomes essential. There is indeed considerable heterogeneity observed at both the population and individual levels for various SARS-CoV-2 infection phenotypes, including emergence, progression, and survival from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome. Particularly intriguing is the seemingly milder course of COVID-19 disease reported for the African continent early during the pandemic. This was characterized by significantly lower mortality rates in SARS-CoV-2 patients compared with the European and American continents and globally. We will discuss some of the demographic and socioeconomic factors that may have contributed to these observations. We review the mapped COVID-19 genetic architecture, including the remarkable association of type I interferon as a single protective mechanism and a major determinant of susceptibility. Furthermore, we speculate on potential 'environmental' modulators of penetrance and expressivity of intrinsic vulnerability factors, with a focus on the microbiome and associated metabolomes. Additionally, this review explores the potential immunomodulatory contribution of helminth parasites to the human host immune and inflammatory responses to respiratory viral infections.},
}

@article {pmid39242278,
year = {2024},
author = {Hong, G and Zhong, H and Illescas, A and Reisinger, L and Cozowicz, C and Poeran, J and Liu, J and Memtsoudis, SG},
title = {Trends in hip fracture surgery in the United States from 2016 to 2021: patient characteristics, clinical management, and outcomes.},
journal = {British journal of anaesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bja.2024.07.022},
pmid = {39242278},
issn = {1471-6771},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures are a serious health concern and a major contributor to healthcare resource utilisation. We aimed to investigate nationwide trends in the USA in patient characteristics and outcomes in patients after hip fracture repair surgery.

METHODS: From the Premier Healthcare dataset, we extracted patient encounters for surgical hip fracture repair from 2016 to 2021. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, complications, and anaesthetic and surgical details were analysed. Cochran-Armitage trend tests and simple linear regression were used to determine trends.

RESULTS: We included 347 086 hip fracture repair encounters. Notable trends included the following: median patient age declined from 82 yr [interquartile range: 73-88 yr] to 81 yr [interquartile range: 73-88 yr], (P-value=0.002), the proportion of female patients decreased from 68% to 66.2% (P-value=0.019); internal fixation was the most common intervention initially, but with a declining percentage from 49.9% to 43.8% (P-value <0.001); in general, patients carried a greater comorbidity burden, with the proportion with three or more Elixhauser comorbidities increasing from 56.4% to 58.6% (P-value=0.006); general anaesthesia remained the most common anaesthetic technique, from 68.90% to 56.80% without a significant trend; per 1000 inpatient days, the most common complication remained acute renal failure; despite a higher comorbidity burden, no complication showed a statistically significant upward trend, and many showed downward trends.

CONCLUSIONS: Over the 6-yr period from 2016 to 2021, a majority of hip fracture repairs continued to be performed under general anaesthesia but with that percentage declining over time. Notable trends included a lower percentage of female patients, an increase in femoral neck fractures, a higher comorbidity burden among patients, and a decrease in complications.},
}

@article {pmid39181235,
year = {2024},
author = {Stabile, J and Fürstenau, CR},
title = {Platelets isolation and ectonucleotidase assay: Revealing functional aspects of the communication between the vasculature and the immune system.},
journal = {Journal of immunological methods},
volume = {533},
number = {},
pages = {113746},
doi = {10.1016/j.jim.2024.113746},
pmid = {39181235},
issn = {1872-7905},
mesh = {Humans ; *Blood Platelets/metabolism/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/blood ; *Platelet Activation ; 5'-Nucleotidase/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Animals ; Cell Separation/methods ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Platelets are enucleated fragments of cells with a diversity of internal granules. They are responsible for functions related to hemostasis, coagulation, and inflammation. The activation of these processes depends on a cascade coordinated by cytokines, chemokines, and components of purinergic signaling, such as ATP, ADP, and adenosine. Platelets express distinct components of the purinergic system: P2X1, P2Y1, PY12, and P2Y14 receptors; and the ectonucleotidases NTPDase, NPP, and 5NTE (ecto-5'-nucleotidase). Except for P2Y14, which has not yet exhibited a known function, all other components relate to the biological processes mentioned before. Platelets are known to display specific responses to microorganisms, being capable of recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), engulfing certain classes of viruses, and participating in NETosis. Platelet function dysregulation implicates various pathophysiological processes, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and infections. In COVID-19 patients, platelets exhibit altered purinergic signaling and increased activation, contributing to inflammation. Excessive platelet activation can lead to complications from thrombosis, which can affect the circulation of vital organs. Therefore, controlling the activation is necessary to end the inflammatory process and restore homeostasis. Ectonucleotidases, capable of hydrolyzing ATP, ADP, and AMP, are of fundamental importance in activating platelets, promising pharmacological targets for clinical use as cardiovascular protective drugs. In this review, we revisit platelet biology, the purinergic receptors and ectonucleotidases on their surface, and their importance in platelet activity. Additionally, we describe methods for isolating platelets in humans and murine, as well as the main techniques for detecting the activity of ectonucleotidases in platelets. Considering the multitude of functions revealed by platelets and their potential use as potent bioreactors able to secrete and present molecules involved in the communication of the vasculature with the immune system, it is crucial to deeply understand platelet biology and purinergic signaling participation to contribute to the developing of therapeutic strategies in diseases of the cardiovascular, inflammatory, and immune systems.},
}

Humans
*Blood Platelets/metabolism/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/blood
*Platelet Activation
5'-Nucleotidase/metabolism
Signal Transduction
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Animals
Cell Separation/methods
Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism

@article {pmid39178510,
year = {2024},
author = {Aden, D and Zaheer, S},
title = {Investigating the FLiRT variants of COVID-19: Is it an emerging concern?.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {262},
number = {},
pages = {155542},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2024.155542},
pmid = {39178510},
issn = {1618-0631},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *Mutation ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; },
abstract = {The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to multiple waves of infections globally. As the virus continues to evolve, new variants have emerged, some with concerning changes in transmissibility and virulence. Among these variants, the "FLiRT Variants" have recently gained attention due to their potential to alter the dynamics of transmission and disease severity. According to the Infectious Disease Society of America, the nickname 'FLiRT' is based on the technical names for their mutations. The FLiRT variants, particularly KP.2, seem to exhibit heightened transmissibility in comparison to earlier Omicron sub-variants. Additionally, they demonstrate a capacity to evade immunity conferred by prior infection and vaccines, although the full extent of this evasion is still being investigated. In this article, we review the characteristics of the FLiRT variants, including their genetic mutations, epidemiological features, potential impact on public health measures, and implications for vaccine efficacy. We also discuss strategies for surveillance, prevention, and mitigation efforts to control the spread of this variant and mitigate its impact on global health.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology/prevention & control
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics
*Mutation
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology

@article {pmid39150062,
year = {2024},
author = {Gordon, JI and Brummel, NE},
title = {Implications of frailty before and after intensive care unit admission.},
journal = {Current opinion in critical care},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {472-478},
doi = {10.1097/MCC.0000000000001197},
pmid = {39150062},
issn = {1531-7072},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Intensive Care Units ; *Frailty ; *Delirium ; *Critical Illness ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Aged ; Frail Elderly ; Geriatric Assessment/methods ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the decade since the first publications related to frailty in those with critical illness, the study of frailty has rapidly increased. The purpose of this review is to update the reader on recent advances across several important areas of frailty research: how best to identify frailty in those with critical illness, studies describing the relationship between frailty and delirium, and how frailty affects outcomes for those with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which, despite rates and severity of acute infection declining, still tremendously impacts patients long after the acute infection, resulting in symptoms of long COVID-19.

RECENT FINDINGS: A number of frailty assessment tools exist, to date, the Clinical Frailty Scale based on the deficit accumulation approach to defining frailty, is the most commonly used in ICU studies. Several novel frailty instruments for the ICU are being developed. Because tools assessing frailty by the phenotypic and deficit accumulation approaches identify different populations, careful choice of a frailty assessment tool is warranted.Frailty and delirium are hypothesized to represent different clinical expressions of a similar underlying vulnerability, thus identifying frailty may be a useful means by which to identify patients at high risk of becoming delirious. Recent studies show that frailty at ICU admission is a predictor of the development of delirium.Finally, frailty and its outcomes were studied in patients with COVID-19. As with other causes of critical illness, frailty was highly prevalent in those admitted to the ICU and is associated with greater mortality. Frailty was also associated with increased decisions to limit life support treatments, but these decisions were not different among those admitted with COVID-19 or for other reasons.

SUMMARY: Frailty in those with critical illness is an emerging field of study. Future work to define the optimal means by which to identify this syndrome and how best to manage critically ill patients with frailty are needed.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Intensive Care Units
*Frailty
*Delirium
*Critical Illness
*SARS-CoV-2
Aged
Frail Elderly
Geriatric Assessment/methods

@article {pmid39150059,
year = {2024},
author = {Martin-Loeches, I and Restrepo, MI},
title = {COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 related nosocomial pneumonias: any differences in etiology, prevalence, and mortality?.},
journal = {Current opinion in critical care},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {463-469},
doi = {10.1097/MCC.0000000000001192},
pmid = {39150059},
issn = {1531-7072},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/epidemiology ; *Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology ; *Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiration, Artificial ; Cross Infection/epidemiology/mortality ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores the similarities and differences between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related and non-COVID-related nosocomial pneumonia, particularly hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). It critically assesses the etiology, prevalence, and mortality among hospitalized patients, emphasizing the burden of these infections during the period before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies highlight an increase in nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant rise in cases involving severe bacterial and fungal superinfections among mechanically ventilated patients. These infections include a higher incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), complicating treatment and recovery. Notably, COVID-19 patients have shown a higher prevalence of VAP than those with influenza or other respiratory viruses, influenced by extended mechanical ventilation and immunosuppressive treatments like corticosteroids.

SUMMARY: The findings suggest that COVID-19 has exacerbated the frequency and severity of nosocomial infections, particularly VAP. These complications not only extend hospital stays and increase healthcare costs but also lead to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding these patterns is crucial for developing targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies to manage and mitigate nosocomial infections during regular or pandemic care.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/epidemiology
*Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology
*Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia/epidemiology
Prevalence
*SARS-CoV-2
Respiration, Artificial
Cross Infection/epidemiology/mortality