@article {pmid174209,
year = {1975},
author = {Hivet, M and Blanchon, P},
title = {[Ischemic gastric ulcer on a stomach transposed into the thorax. Treatment by aorticohepatic venous transplant].},
journal = {La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris},
volume = {51},
number = {45},
pages = {2719-2722},
pmid = {174209},
mesh = {Aged ; Aorta, Abdominal/*surgery ; Esophageal Stenosis/surgery ; Esophagoplasty/*adverse effects ; Female ; Hepatic Artery/*surgery ; Humans ; Ischemia/etiology/therapy ; Melena/etiology ; Saphenous Vein/*transplantation ; Stomach/blood supply/surgery ; Stomach Ulcer/*etiology/therapy ; Transplantation, Autologous ; },
}

Aged
Aorta, Abdominal/*surgery
Esophageal Stenosis/surgery
Esophagoplasty/*adverse effects
Female
Hepatic Artery/*surgery
Humans
Ischemia/etiology/therapy
Melena/etiology
Saphenous Vein/*transplantation
Stomach/blood supply/surgery
Stomach Ulcer/*etiology/therapy
Transplantation, Autologous

@article {pmid238684,
year = {1975},
author = {Gelfand, EW and Parkman, R and Rosen, FS},
title = {Transplantation in severe combined immunodeficiency disease with hl-a identical bone marrow.},
journal = {Birth defects original article series},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {409-416},
pmid = {238684},
issn = {0547-6844},
mesh = {Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibody Formation ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; *Bone Marrow Cells ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Candida/immunology ; Candidiasis, Oral/etiology ; Cell Separation ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Diarrhea/etiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Goats/immunology ; Graft vs Host Reaction ; *Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Immunoglobulins/analysis ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*therapy ; Infant ; Karyotyping ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification ; Skin Tests ; Spleen/pathology ; Thymus Gland/abnormalities ; },
abstract = {The immunologic reconstitution of 7 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease was attempted with bone marrow transplantation from histoidentical donors. Four patients were successfully reconstituted and discharged from the hospital. Two patients died with sepsis. One patient died from a preexisting neurologic disease. All the patients who have been successfully reconstituted have had some degree of graft-vs-host disease. A dose of 50 x 10(6) nucleated bone marrow cells per kg seems necessary for successful engraftment. The use of density gradient separation had no advantage over whole, unfractionated bone marrow.},
}

Animals
Antibodies
Antibody Formation
Blood Group Incompatibility
*Bone Marrow Cells
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Candida/immunology
Candidiasis, Oral/etiology
Cell Separation
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Diarrhea/etiology
Feces/microbiology
Female
Goats/immunology
Graft vs Host Reaction
*Histocompatibility
Humans
Immunoelectrophoresis
Immunoglobulin M/analysis
Immunoglobulins/analysis
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*therapy
Infant
Karyotyping
Lymphocyte Activation
Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification
Skin Tests
Spleen/pathology
Thymus Gland/abnormalities

@article {pmid238688,
year = {1975},
author = {Jutila, JW and Reed, ND and Isaak, DD},
title = {Studies on the immune response of congenitally athymic (nude) mice.},
journal = {Birth defects original article series},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {522-527},
pmid = {238688},
issn = {0547-6844},
mesh = {Animals ; *Antibody Formation ; Antigens ; Cats/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens/immunology ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Escherichia coli/immunology/isolation & purification ; Feces/microbiology ; Hemolytic Plaque Technique ; *Immunity, Cellular ; Immunodiffusion ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude/*immunology ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; Rats/immunology ; Sheep/immunology ; Skin Transplantation ; Spleen/cytology ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology/transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous ; },
abstract = {The central role of the thymus in immunity was assessed in nude mice. Nudes failed to reject allografts and xenografts and to respond to foreign erythrocytes but responded normally to endotoxin and pneumococcal polysaccharide. Thymus reconstitution was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro whereas reconstitution with thymic humoral factors or polyanions was not detected. Coliform overgrowth and depressed IgA levels in nudes appeared to contribute to wasting. These data emphasize the need for thymus participation in many immune phenomena.},
}

Animals
*Antibody Formation
Antigens
Cats/immunology
Cells, Cultured
Chickens/immunology
Erythrocytes/immunology
Escherichia coli/immunology/isolation & purification
Feces/microbiology
Hemolytic Plaque Technique
*Immunity, Cellular
Immunodiffusion
Lipopolysaccharides
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice, Nude/*immunology
Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Rats/immunology
Sheep/immunology
Skin Transplantation
Spleen/cytology
Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology/transplantation
Transplantation, Homologous

@article {pmid318813,
year = {1977},
author = {Nahai, F and Lamb, JM and Havican, RG and Stone, HH},
title = {Factors involved in disruption of intestinal anastomoses.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {45-51},
pmid = {318813},
issn = {0003-1348},
mesh = {Animals ; Cefazolin/administration & dosage ; Colon/transplantation ; Dogs ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Intestine, Large/*surgery ; Intestine, Small/*surgery ; Jejunum/transplantation ; Peritonitis/prevention & control ; Surgical Wound Dehiscence/*etiology/microbiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology/prevention & control ; Suture Techniques ; Transplantation, Autologous ; },
abstract = {Bowel anastomoses, as performed on 181 dogs, were studied: (1) by interposing segments of colon into small bowel and vice versa, (2) by comparing clean anastomoses to those contaminated by feces before and after suturing, (3) with and without parenteral preoperative antibiotic, and (4) with and without coaptation of an inverted serosa. All animals with a timed sacrifice as well as an unexplained death had careful autopsy. Results demonstrated no difference in the healing capacity of large (91%) versus small (92%) intestine under identical circumstances. Intraluminal bacteria were of importance only if spillage caused contamination during operation and thereby subsequent infection of the peritoneal surface of the suture line. Peritonitis preceded all 28 leaks, yet the converse never occurred. Likelihood of a complicating peritonitis (67%) and thus an anastomotic leak (24%) was significantly reduced through the preoperative administration of prophylactic cefazolin (19 and 4%, respectively). A "serosal seal" also appeared important in obviating suture line disruption. Our data emphasize the value of an inverted and serosal lined anastomosis, bowel preparatory measures, prophylactic antibiotic, and the disruptive action of local bacterial peritonitis.},
}

Animals
Cefazolin/administration & dosage
Colon/transplantation
Dogs
Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
Intestine, Large/*surgery
Intestine, Small/*surgery
Jejunum/transplantation
Peritonitis/prevention & control
Surgical Wound Dehiscence/*etiology/microbiology
Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology/prevention & control
Suture Techniques
Transplantation, Autologous

@article {pmid358095,
year = {1978},
author = {Marty, M and Gisselbrecht, C and Gluckman, E and Devergie, A and Bussel, A and Ducluzeau, R and Perol, AM},
title = {Gut sterilization during bone marrow transplantation [proceedings].},
journal = {Pathologie-biologie},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {60},
pmid = {358095},
issn = {0369-8114},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Blood/microbiology ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Intestines/*microbiology ; },
}

Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use
Blood/microbiology
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Feces/microbiology
Humans
Intestines/*microbiology

@article {pmid521219,
year = {1979},
author = {Moretti, JL and Rapin, JR and Hamberger, C and Lautie, JP and Mathieu, E and Renault, H},
title = {Radiopharmacological studies of 125I-labeled ifosfamide in rats.},
journal = {International journal of nuclear medicine and biology},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {145-151},
doi = {10.1016/0047-0740(79)90029-9},
pmid = {521219},
issn = {0047-0740},
mesh = {Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*metabolism ; Cyclophosphamide/*analogs & derivatives ; Feces/analysis ; Ifosfamide/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rats ; Sarcoma, Experimental/*metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism ; },
}

Animals
Antineoplastic Agents/*metabolism
Cyclophosphamide/*analogs & derivatives
Feces/analysis
Ifosfamide/blood/*metabolism/urine
Iodine Radioisotopes
Kidney/metabolism
Liver/metabolism
Male
Mice
Neoplasm Transplantation
Rats
Sarcoma, Experimental/*metabolism
Thyroid Gland/metabolism

@article {pmid561708,
year = {1977},
author = {Vatin, AE and Popova, GE and Averina, SA},
title = {[Pharmacokinetics of 35S-tomizin in mice with leukemia L-1210].},
journal = {Farmakologiia i toksikologiia},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {475-478},
pmid = {561708},
issn = {0014-8318},
mesh = {Animals ; Antibody-Producing Cells/drug effects ; Antineoplastic Agents/*metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Leukemia L1210/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Thiazines/*metabolism/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {A comparative study of the distribution of 35S-tomisin in the organism of intact (without neoplasia) mice and those with L-1210 leucosis was carried out. In both animal groups the tagged drug was found to be largely accumulating early after its introduction in the tissues of the liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen and lymph nodes. In 30 minutes time following introduction of 35-S-tomison 7.3 +/- 0.7 per cent of its amount was detected in the ascitic fluid. On centrifugation of the tagged drug its bulk (92-95 per cent) remained in the supernatant fluid. During the first 24 hours the drug leaves the body: 25-35 per cent with urine, 3-5 per cent--with feces and 0.1-0.3 per cent--with bile. In the urine of mice with leucosis the products of the 35S-tomisin biotransformation appear earlier than in intact animals. The most marked immunodepressive effect of tomisin was marked with its administration 24 and 48 hours after immunization.},
}

Animals
Antibody-Producing Cells/drug effects
Antineoplastic Agents/*metabolism
Biotransformation
Leukemia L1210/*metabolism
Male
Mice
Neoplasm Transplantation
Thiazines/*metabolism/pharmacology

@article {pmid826226,
year = {1976},
author = {Webbe, G and James, C and Nelson, GS and Smithers, SR and Terry, RJ},
title = {Acquired resistance to Schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (Papio anubis) after cercarial exposure and adult worm transplantation.},
journal = {Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology},
volume = {70},
number = {4},
pages = {411-424},
doi = {10.1080/00034983.1976.11687140},
pmid = {826226},
issn = {0003-4983},
mesh = {Animals ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; *Immunity, Active ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Papio ; Parasite Egg Count ; Schistosoma haematobium/*immunology ; Schistosomiasis/*immunology/parasitology/pathology ; Urinary Bladder/pathology ; Urine/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Observations were made on the development of acquired resistance to Schistosoma haematobium in the baboon following immunization with cercariae by the percutaneous route and by the transplantation of adult worms into the mesenteric veins. In the first experiment six baboons were immunized with 1000 S. haematobium cercariae given percutaneously. They were challenged with 10 000 cercariae given 73 weeks later and the results were compared with a similar infection in non-immunized animals. The results showed that the baboon can develop a strong resistance to reinfection with S. haematobium. The manifestations of the immunity were (i) the absence of any increase in egg output after challenge (ii) the substantially lower level of adult worms and eggs in the tissues of the immunized baboons compared with the challenge control animals (iii) a reduction in the egg laying capacity of the residual worms and (iv) the virtual absence of gross pathology and the mild lesions seen in the tissue sections of all the immunized animals. The depression in egg laying of the worms was confirmed by transplanting them into non-immune baboons. This experiment indicated that the non-egg-laying worms in the immune baboons were not irreversibly damaged since they survived, some even migrating to the vesical and ureteric vessels, and egg-laying was rapidly resumed after transplantation. A further experiment was designed to see if a similar degree of immunity could be produced by an adult worm infection without previous exposure to cercariae or schistosomula. The immunization dose consisted of 50-100 S. haematobium worm pairs which were transplanted into the mesenteric veins of each of six baboons and the animals were challenged percutaneously with 7000 cercariae 35-55 weeks later. There was little difference in the worm burdens of the immunized and control animals but the worms in the immunized baboons produced fewer eggs and the pathology seen in these animals was much milder than in the challenge control animals suggesting that some degree of resistance to reinfection was produced by the transplanted worms.},
}

Animals
Feces/parasitology
Female
Haplorhini
*Immunity, Active
Lung/pathology
Male
Papio
Parasite Egg Count
Schistosoma haematobium/*immunology
Schistosomiasis/*immunology/parasitology/pathology
Urinary Bladder/pathology
Urine/parasitology

@article {pmid1089443,
year = {1975},
author = {Parsons, V and Choudhury, AA and Wass, JA and Vernon, A},
title = {Renal excretion of fluoride in renal failure and after renal transplantation.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {1},
number = {5950},
pages = {128-130},
pmid = {1089443},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Diet ; Feces/analysis ; Fluorides/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*metabolism ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Renal Dialysis ; Skin/metabolism ; },
abstract = {We have compared the renal excretion of fluoride in a variety of patients with chronic renal failure maintained with and without protein restriction before and during regular dialysis treatment and after transplantation. The patients tended to continue to excrete normal dietary loads of fluoride quite well until renal function was seriously reduced. From a regression of function on excretion the mean level of creatinine clearance when a normal dietary load of fluoride 0.0526 plus or minus 0.019 mmol/2 h (1.0 plus or minus 0.36 mg/24h) has a 90% chance of being excreted lies around 16 ml/min, a level when most patients with renal failure will be symptomatic. Acute loading of such patients with additional fluoride in the form of sodium fluoride from 40 mg to 60 mg/day showed a twofold to threefold increase of serum fluoride concentrations, slight increases in urinary fluoride excretion, and heavy tissue absorption, suggesting that prior fluoride loading of the skeleton had not taken place. These effects contrasted with those in one patient with normal renal function and with those in one patient with skeletal saturation due to prolonged loading. After renal transplantation fluoride excretion increased but reached normal levels within three months of satisfactory function, suggesting that fluoride loading in renal failure and during regular dialysis therapy had not been excessive.},
}

Calcium/metabolism
Creatinine/metabolism
Diet
Feces/analysis
Fluorides/blood/*metabolism/urine
Humans
Kidney Failure, Chronic/*metabolism
*Kidney Transplantation
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Phosphates/metabolism
Renal Dialysis
Skin/metabolism

@article {pmid1100919,
year = {1975},
author = {Evans, EG},
title = {The incidence of pathogenic yeasts among open-heart surgery patients-the value of prophylaxis.},
journal = {The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery},
volume = {70},
number = {3},
pages = {466-470},
pmid = {1100919},
issn = {0022-5223},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Amphotericin B/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Candida/isolation & purification ; Candida albicans/isolation & purification ; Candidiasis/*prevention & control ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects ; Endocarditis/*prevention & control ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Fascia Lata/transplantation ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Heart Valve Diseases/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth/microbiology ; Nystatin/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Pessaries ; Tablets ; Transplantation, Homologous ; },
abstract = {The normal levels of commensal yeasts in patients undergoing open-heart surgery are established and the effect of antifungal prophylaxis is assessed. Mouth swabs and feces were taken for culture from patients on admission to hospital and 1,2, and 3 weeks postoperatively. Eighty-seven patients who received normal treatment and 50 patients who were given oral and topical antifungal prophylaxis commencing 12 days before hospitalization were studied. Yeast pathogens, mainly Candida albicans, were isolated from 42 (48.3 per cent) of the normal group on admission. There was a marked increase in the incidence and quantities of yeasts isolated from patients in the immediate postoperative period. The incidence and levels of yeasts in patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis was considerably reduced both on admission and postoperatively. The risk of Candida sepsis in open-heart surgery patients with high levels of commensal yeasts is discussed and the possibility of routine antifungal prophylaxis raised.},
}

Administration, Oral
Amphotericin B/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Candida/isolation & purification
Candida albicans/isolation & purification
Candidiasis/*prevention & control
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects
Endocarditis/*prevention & control
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Fascia Lata/transplantation
Feces/microbiology
Female
Heart Valve Diseases/surgery
Humans
Male
Mouth/microbiology
Nystatin/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Pessaries
Tablets
Transplantation, Homologous

@article {pmid1108814,
year = {1976},
author = {Perloff, LJ and Chon, H and Petrella, EJ and Grossman, RA and Barker, CF},
title = {Acute colitis in the renal allograft recipient.},
journal = {Annals of surgery},
volume = {183},
number = {1},
pages = {77-83},
pmid = {1108814},
issn = {0003-4932},
mesh = {Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Barium Sulfate ; Colitis/*etiology/surgery ; Colon/*blood supply ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Ion Exchange Resins ; Ischemia/*etiology ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Melena/etiology ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Transplantation, Homologous ; },
abstract = {Four renal allograft recipients with evidence of ischemic damage to the colon are presented and compared with 11 cases from 5 major series. Similarities in the patients included: deterioration of renal function, multiple immunosuppressive and antibiotic regimens, the use of cadaver renal allografts, and diagnostic and therapeutic measures requiring frequent enemas with barium and ion-exchange resins. Two of our patients underwent surgery for the removal of segments of necrotic colon after several weeks of fever and abdominal pain initially attributed to either acute rejection, viral infection, or pancreatitis. One patient had three days of melena and responded to non-operative therapy. The fourth patient developed ischemic colonic changes 10 weeks after allograft nephrectomy and was receiving no immunosuppression at the time. Broad spectrum antibiotics were used at various times in all patients. Early aggressive evaluation of gastrointestinal complaints--including barium enema, upper gastrointestinal series with small bowel follow-through, proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, and arteriography--is indicated, in view of the lethality of the complication of colonic ulceration. The clinical pictures presented emphasize the fact that recipients of renal allografts are commonly heir to many complications which may be considered rare in the normal population.},
}

Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Barium Sulfate
Colitis/*etiology/surgery
Colon/*blood supply
Enema
Female
Humans
Immunosuppression Therapy
Ion Exchange Resins
Ischemia/*etiology
*Kidney Transplantation
Male
Melena/etiology
Middle Aged
Necrosis
Transplantation, Homologous

@article {pmid1227923,
year = {1975},
author = {Bogomolova, NS and Suskova, VS and Minakova, SM and Chernov, VA and Serebriakov, NG},
title = {[Prospidin-C14 blood level, distribution in the organs and tissues and excretion from the body of rats].},
journal = {Farmakologiia i toksikologiia},
volume = {38},
number = {6},
pages = {722-728},
pmid = {1227923},
issn = {0014-8318},
mesh = {Animals ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Feces/analysis ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kinetics ; Male ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Piperazines/*metabolism ; Prospidium/*metabolism/urine ; Radioactivity ; Rats ; Sarcoma, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Experiments were conducted on rats with sarcoma-45 and intact ones to study the prospidin-C14 content in the blood, distribution of the drug among the organs and tissues and its elimination from the organism. A single intravenous introduction of prospidin-C14 was found to be followed by its quick (in 2 hours) disappearance frob the blood. During the first 15 minutes the distribution of the drug over the organs and tissues was of a non-uniform nature and different from the distribution of other known antineoplastic agents, with relatively high concentrations of prospidin-C14 being demonstrable in the kidneys, lungs, the skin, intestine, bones, pancreas and low ones--in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The elimination of the drug from the organs and tissues is non-uniform. Prospidin-C14 and labeled products of its transformation are quickly (during the first 24 hours after administration) passed from the organism, chiefly with urine.},
}

Animals
Carbon Radioisotopes
Feces/analysis
Injections, Intravenous
Kinetics
Male
Neoplasm Transplantation
Piperazines/*metabolism
Prospidium/*metabolism/urine
Radioactivity
Rats
Sarcoma, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism
Time Factors

@article {pmid1401996,
year = {1992},
author = {Darmstadt, GL and Donnenberg, AD and Vogelsang, GB and Farmer, ER and Horn, TD},
title = {Clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic indicators of the development of progressive acute graft-versus-host disease.},
journal = {The Journal of investigative dermatology},
volume = {99},
number = {4},
pages = {397-402},
doi = {10.1111/1523-1747.ep12616112},
pmid = {1401996},
issn = {0022-202X},
support = {CA44887/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bilirubin/blood ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclosporine/therapeutic use ; Feces/chemistry ; Graft vs Host Disease/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skin/pathology ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; },
abstract = {Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The goal of this study of 69 cyclosporin-treated, allogeneic BMT patients was to identify early clinical, laboratory, or histopathologic indicators of the development of progressive, fatal GvHD. Peak values within 100 d of allogeneic BMT for total bilirubin, stool volume in a day, clinical stage of cutaneous GvHD (based on extent of rash), and overall clinical stage of GvHD (based on a combination of graft-versus-host reactions in the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract) were most useful (p less than 0.05, by logistic regression) in identifying those patients with clinically progressive and fatal GvHD. Peak values for each of these parameters were reached an average of 40 d or less after BMT. Each unit increase in peak clinical stage of rash (e.g., stage 2 versus stage 3) was associated with an odds ratio incremental risk of 5.8 for clinical progression of GvHD, and each tenfold increase in peak total bilirubin (e.g., 2 mg/dl versus 20 mg/dl) or stool output in a day (e.g., 100 cm3/d versus 1000 cm3/d) was associated with an incremental risk of 8.4 and 10.6, respectively, for a fatal outcome from GvHD. Number of exocytosed lymphocytes and dyskeratotic epidermal keratinocytes (DEK) per linear millimeter of epidermis, the presence of follicular involvement, and the degree of dermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in 121 skin biopsy specimens were not associated with the development of progressive or fatal GvHD. Pretransplant total body irradiation was associated (p = 0.03, by Mann-Whitney U testing) with an increased number of DEK in skin biopsy specimens taken less than 20 d after BMT. This study demonstrates that monitoring of total bilirubin, stool output, extent of rash, and overall clinical stage of GvHD is most useful during the first 40 d after BMT in formulating the prognosis of early acute GvHD in allogeneic BMT patients receiving cyclosporin.},
}

Acute Disease
Adolescent
Adult
Bilirubin/blood
Biopsy
Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
Child
Child, Preschool
Cyclosporine/therapeutic use
Feces/chemistry
Graft vs Host Disease/*diagnosis
Humans
Middle Aged
Skin/pathology
Whole-Body Irradiation

@article {pmid1460507,
year = {1992},
author = {Tarburton, JP and Halpern, SE},
title = {Chromatofocusing studies involving a monoclonal Fab'.},
journal = {Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine},
volume = {33},
number = {12},
pages = {2148-2153},
pmid = {1460507},
issn = {0161-5505},
mesh = {Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Colonic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; *Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Radioimmunodetection/*methods ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; },
abstract = {Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of the Fab' derivative of murine monoclonal antibody ZCE-025 is known to detect at least six bands having isoelectric points (pI) ranging from 5.4 to 7.8. Chromatofocusing was employed to separate these bands. Electrophoresis of the starting materials under nonreducing conditions indicated all of the materials to migrate as Fab'. The electrophoresis of urine samples obtained from Balb/c and nude mice 8 hr after the i.v. injection of the various 125I bands revealed the low pI bands to migrate approximately as a 125I-Fab'. The higher pI band activity was located in lower molecular weight regions. Serum samples taken at 8 hr postinjection from the above mice revealed a series of what appeared to be high molecular weight complexes and some low molecular weight species. Biodistribution studies in comparison Balb/c mice and nude mice revealed that the low pI 125I-Fab' bands gave an organ and tumor uptake at 8 hr very similar to Fab', while the high pI 125I-Fab' bands were rapidly excreted into the urine and feces and did not concentrate in the tumor. The data suggest that the population of molecules making up the Fab' of this antibody is heterogeneous and variably stable. Theoretically, some of the entities observed could be counter productive to successful radioimmunoimaging. It is also possible that some of the labeled molecules are associating in vivo with endogenous proteins that might, in some Mabs, affect the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical.},
}

Animals
*Antibodies, Monoclonal
Colonic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Disease Models, Animal
Electrophoresis
Humans
*Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Iodine Radioisotopes
Isoelectric Focusing
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice, Nude
Radioimmunodetection/*methods
Transplantation, Heterologous

@article {pmid1480242,
year = {1992},
author = {Rademaker, CM and Rozenberg-Arska, M and Fluit, AC and Wolfhagen, MJ and Glerum, JH and Verhoef, J},
title = {[Detection of diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli using DNA-probes].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {136},
number = {52},
pages = {2581-2584},
pmid = {1480242},
issn = {0028-2162},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *DNA Probes ; Diarrhea/*microbiology ; Escherichia coli/classification/*isolation & purification ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Netherlands ; Serotyping ; Spain ; Travel ; Tunisia ; },
abstract = {To assess the role of enterovirulent Escherichia coli at home and abroad, faeces samples of patients with diarrhoea and of healthy controls in Tunisia, Seville (southern Spain) and the Netherlands were investigated. Enterovirulent E. coli were identified by hybridization with five different non-radioactively labelled DNA probes specific for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and verocytotoxin producing E. coli (VTEC). ETEC was the main causative agent of travellers' diarrhoea in Tunisia. The isolation of ETEC in the Netherlands was shown to be related to travel in endemic areas. EPEC probe positive strains were isolated in children and in adults, but were not in all cases associated with intestinal disease. During this study no VTEC were detected. From an immunocompromised kidney transplantation patient with sepsis and diarrhoea ETEC were isolated from blood.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Child
Child, Preschool
*DNA Probes
Diarrhea/*microbiology
Escherichia coli/classification/*isolation & purification
Feces/microbiology
Humans
Infant
Middle Aged
Netherlands
Serotyping
Spain
Travel
Tunisia

@article {pmid1484154,
year = {1992},
author = {Mion, FB and Faure, JL and Berger, F and McGregor, B and Perrot, H and Paliard, P},
title = {Liver transplantation for erythropoietic protoporphyria. Report of a new case with subsequent medium-term follow-up.},
journal = {Journal of hepatology},
volume = {16},
number = {1-2},
pages = {203-207},
doi = {10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80116-3},
pmid = {1484154},
issn = {0168-8278},
mesh = {Adult ; Dermatitis, Photoallergic/etiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; *Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Porphyria, Hepatoerythropoietic/complications/metabolism/*surgery ; Protoporphyrins/biosynthesis ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {We report a new case of successful liver transplantation in a 36-year-old patient with terminal hepatic failure due to erythropoietic protoporphyria. Data regarding protoporphyrin levels in erythrocytes and feces, before and after transplantation, seem to indicate that in this case protoporphyrin overproduction was in part due to liver synthesis. Four years after surgery, the patient is completely free of skin photosensitivity. His liver function tests are normal; there are no visible protoporphyrin deposits or ultrastructural abnormalities in his new liver. However, recurrence of the disease in the long term cannot be excluded, since erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels remained elevated after liver transplantation.},
}

Adult
Dermatitis, Photoallergic/etiology
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Liver/metabolism
*Liver Transplantation
Male
Porphyria, Hepatoerythropoietic/complications/metabolism/*surgery
Protoporphyrins/biosynthesis
Recurrence

@article {pmid1493152,
year = {1992},
author = {Thunell, S and Henrichson, A and Floderus, Y and Groth, CG and Eriksson, BG and Barkholt, L and Nemeth, A and Strandvik, B and Eleborg, L and Holmberg, L},
title = {Liver transplantation in a boy with acute porphyria due to aminolaevulinate dehydratase deficiency.},
journal = {European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies},
volume = {30},
number = {10},
pages = {599-606},
doi = {10.1515/cclm.1992.30.10.599},
pmid = {1493152},
issn = {0939-4974},
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Child ; Erythrocytes/enzymology ; Feces/chemistry ; Humans ; Liver/physiology ; *Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Porphobilinogen Synthase/*deficiency ; Porphyrias, Hepatic/enzymology/metabolism/*surgery ; Porphyrins/blood/urine ; },
abstract = {The clinical and biochemical outcome of a liver transplantation in a seven-year-old boy with acute porphyria due to aminolaevulinate dehydratase deficiency is described. Before transplantation standard liver function tests were normal and the rationale for transplantation was that the new liver would reduce the metabolic disturbance and thus avert the porphyric symptoms. During the year after the transplantation, the functioning of the new liver has been excellent. Basal excretion of porphyrin and porphyrin precursors has remained unchanged but, with the new liver transplant the patient has been able to withstand several porphyrinogenic challenges without increasing the excretion. Episodes of neurological and respiratory crises may have been due to persistent porphyric vulnerability. Alternatively, two early attacks may have been caused by neurotoxic effects of cyclosporin in combination with the existing damage to nervous tissue.},
}

Acute Disease
Child
Erythrocytes/enzymology
Feces/chemistry
Humans
Liver/physiology
*Liver Transplantation
Male
Porphobilinogen Synthase/*deficiency
Porphyrias, Hepatic/enzymology/metabolism/*surgery
Porphyrins/blood/urine

@article {pmid1537495,
year = {1992},
author = {Schleiffenbaum, BE and Minder, EI and Möhr, P and Decurtins, M and Schaffner, A},
title = {Cytofluorometry as a diagnosis of protoporphyria.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {102},
number = {3},
pages = {1044-1048},
doi = {10.1016/0016-5085(92)90195-5},
pmid = {1537495},
issn = {0016-5085},
mesh = {Adult ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*diagnosis ; Liver Transplantation ; Photosensitivity Disorders/diagnosis ; Porphyrias/*diagnosis ; Protoporphyrins/*analysis/urine ; },
abstract = {Protoporphyria is a disorder that usually has cutaneous symptoms. Only in a few cases liver disease develops, invariably progressing to cirrhosis and liver failure. A case of a patient who suffered from photosensitivity as a result of protoporphyria since the age of 2 is described. At age 33, she first presented with cholestatic hepatitis. At age 40, liver failure developed requiring liver transplantation. Quantitative cytofluorometry proved to be a quick and simple method in the follow-up of her erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels before, during, and after transplantation. Fluorescence correlated well with the protoporphyrin levels obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (r = 0.98), a comparably cumbersome and complicated method for the determination of protoporphyrin. In addition, single cell analysis enabled us to follow the effects of transfusion therapy on protoporphyrin levels of the patient's own erythrocytes, which has not been possible by previous methods. Thus, cytofluorometry might prove to be elegant and useful for screening and future studies on therapy and pathophysiology of protoporphyria.},
}

Adult
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Erythrocytes/metabolism
Feces/chemistry
Female
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Liver Diseases/*diagnosis
Liver Transplantation
Photosensitivity Disorders/diagnosis
Porphyrias/*diagnosis
Protoporphyrins/*analysis/urine

@article {pmid1629029,
year = {1992},
author = {Vora, MM and Dhalla, M},
title = {In vivo studies of unlabeled and radioiodinated rhodamine-123.},
journal = {International journal of radiation applications and instrumentation. Part B, Nuclear medicine and biology},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {405-410},
doi = {10.1016/0883-2897(92)90126-j},
pmid = {1629029},
issn = {0883-2897},
mesh = {Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism/*pharmacokinetics ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rhodamine 123 ; Rhodamines/metabolism/*pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; },
abstract = {Radioiodinated rhodamine-123 (Rh123), potential tumor imaging agent, was injected in mice bearing experimentally-induced tumors to investigate its tissue distribution. Some accumulation of radioactivity was found in tumors; most of it cleared rapidly from the blood after injection. Also, the radioiodinated Rh123 had metabolized to water-soluble species which was excreted in urine and feces. Unlabeled Rh123, on the other hand, accumulated only marginally in the tumors. However, it was found to accumulate significantly in the heart; as much as seventy times the level in blood at 4 h post-injection. Accumulation of unlabeled Rh123 increased steadily even at 24 h post-injection; whereas, it cleared rapidly from the blood via the kidney. This finding of selective accumulation of Rh123 in heart could be exploited in synthesizing 11C- and 18F-labeled Rh123 for use in PET studies of the myocardium.},
}

Animals
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Female
Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism/*pharmacokinetics
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism/pathology
Mice
Mice, Inbred C3H
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
Neoplasm Transplantation
Rhodamine 123
Rhodamines/metabolism/*pharmacokinetics
Tissue Distribution
Tumor Cells, Cultured

@article {pmid1679075,
year = {1991},
author = {Peigue-Lafeuille, H and Henquell, C and Chambon, M and Gazuy, N and De Champs, C and Cluzel, R},
title = {Nosocomial rotavirus infections in adult renal transplant recipients.},
journal = {The Journal of hospital infection},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {67-70},
doi = {10.1016/0195-6701(91)90095-p},
pmid = {1679075},
issn = {0195-6701},
mesh = {Adult ; Cross Infection/*epidemiology/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Rotavirus Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology ; },
abstract = {We conducted a 24-month survey of hospital-acquired rotavirus infections in 20 renal transplant recipients who received their graft during 1988. Four cases of nosocomial rotavirus infection were diagnosed (20% of patients), 3-34 days after graft. Two patients presented with severe diarrhoea and two with fever alone. The cases occurred mainly during the winter months and remained sporadic. None of our patients was found to have chronic excretion of rotaviruses. Contacts from paediatric cases can be ruled out. We concluded that rotavirus nosocomial infections were frequent in adult renal transplant recipients and suggest that screening for rotavirus is regularly performed in these immunodeficient patients who are very susceptible to hypovolaemia.},
}

Adult
Cross Infection/*epidemiology/microbiology
Feces/microbiology
Humans
*Kidney Transplantation
Rotavirus Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology

@article {pmid1721268,
year = {1991},
author = {Iwasaki, K and Shiraga, T and Nagase, K and Hirano, K and Nozaki, K and Noda, K},
title = {Pharmacokinetic study of FK 506 in the rat.},
journal = {Transplantation proceedings},
volume = {23},
number = {6},
pages = {2757-2759},
pmid = {1721268},
issn = {0041-1345},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bile/chemistry/metabolism ; Feces/chemistry ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tacrolimus/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics ; },
}

Administration, Oral
Animals
Bile/chemistry/metabolism
Feces/chemistry
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Intestinal Absorption
Male
Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
Rats
Rats, Inbred Strains
Tacrolimus/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics

@article {pmid1725271,
year = {1991},
author = {Fichtner, I and Arndt, D and Reszka, R and Gens, J},
title = {Pharmacokinetic behavior of [57Co]bleomycin liposomes in mice: comparison with the unencapsulated substance.},
journal = {Anti-cancer drugs},
volume = {2},
number = {6},
pages = {555-563},
doi = {10.1097/00001813-199112000-00006},
pmid = {1725271},
issn = {0959-4973},
mesh = {Animals ; Bleomycin/*administration & dosage/blood/pharmacology ; Cobalt ; Drug Carriers ; Female ; Leukemia P388/drug therapy/metabolism ; Liposomes ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Tissue Distribution ; },
abstract = {The distribution and excretion of [57Co]Bleomycin, dissolved in saline or encapsulated in liposomes, was studied in normal or tumor-bearing [P388 leukemia, reticulum cell sarcoma (RS)] mice. The free substance is cleared relatively quickly from the organism both after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration (t1/2 0.17 and 2.41 h, respectively), and is excreted predominantly via the urinary tract. In contrast, following entrapment in small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) or multilamellar vesicles (MLV), the 57Co radioactivity remains 7- to 30-fold longer in the blood stream and is detectable in considerable amounts in liver, spleen, lung and tumor of the RS model even after 48 h. Concomitantly, the renal excretion is diminished to about 50% of the free drug and the feces excretion is slightly increased, possibly due to the higher concentrations in the liver. Whereas the renal levels of radioactivity were similar with all application forms of [57Co]Bleomycin, there were marked differences in all the other tissues studied. After administration of SUV there was a higher activity in liver, brain and tumor, whereas MLV were more concentrated in spleen and lung. Therapeutic experiments confirmed the favorable results obtained with liposomes. While the free Bleomycin in the P388 leukemia had only a moderate influence on the lifetime of the animals with a treated/control value of 111%, encapsulation of the drug in SUV or MLV improved the results to 194 and 167%, respectively. In the intramuscular transplanted RS model, the SUV in a day 1 schedule had the same effect on tumor growth as the free drug in a day 1-4 schedule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}

Animals
Bleomycin/*administration & dosage/blood/pharmacology
Cobalt
Drug Carriers
Female
Leukemia P388/drug therapy/metabolism
Liposomes
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy/metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Inbred DBA
Tissue Distribution

@article {pmid1727887,
year = {1992},
author = {Michaels, MG and Green, M and Wald, ER and Starzl, TE},
title = {Adenovirus infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {165},
number = {1},
pages = {170-174},
pmid = {1727887},
issn = {0022-1899},
support = {R01 DK029961/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology/*etiology ; Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross Infection/epidemiology/*etiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology/etiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; *Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Pennsylvania/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/etiology ; Respiratory System/microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Urine/microbiology ; },
abstract = {A retrospective review of adenoviral infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients was done at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh to define its epidemiology and clinical importance. Medical records of patients with adenovirus were reviewed and data collected regarding clinical course, microbiologic studies, biopsy results, immunosuppression, concurrent infections, and outcome. Of 484 liver transplant recipients, 49 had 53 episodes of adenoviral infection. The most common sites of adenoviral infection were the liver, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. Serotypes 1, 2, and 5 were recovered most often; type 5 was commonly associated with hepatitis. Invasive adenoviral infection occurred in 20 children, leading to death in 9. Median time from transplantation until isolation of adenovirus was 25.5 days. This timing suggests either reactivation or donor-associated transmission. Prospective studies using molecular epidemiologic techniques will be helpful in evaluating transmission patterns of adenovirus in this population.},
}

Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology/*etiology
Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification
Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Cross Infection/epidemiology/*etiology
Feces/microbiology
Female
Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology/etiology
Humans
Incidence
Infant
*Liver Transplantation
Male
Pennsylvania/epidemiology
Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/etiology
Respiratory System/microbiology
Retrospective Studies
Urine/microbiology

@article {pmid1744967,
year = {1991},
author = {Hafiz, S and Syed, Y and Rauf, U and Qadr, B and Shahabuddin, M},
title = {Etiology and management of diarrhoeal diseases in Karachi.},
journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association},
volume = {41},
number = {9},
pages = {211-213},
pmid = {1744967},
issn = {0030-9982},
mesh = {Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy/*etiology/microbiology ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diarrhea/drug therapy/*etiology/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {The incidence of diarrhoeal disease are very high in our population and bacterial etiology amounts to 43.55% of all cases. Pathogen such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Yersinia enterocolitica and Campylobacter are also present in significant numbers, they make up 50% of bacterial causes. All enteric pathogens can be easily isolated on commonly used media and could be precisely identified by simple biochemical tests.},
}

Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Bacteria/isolation & purification
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy/*etiology/microbiology
Bacteriological Techniques
Diagnosis, Differential
Diarrhea/drug therapy/*etiology/microbiology
Feces/microbiology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged

@article {pmid1774255,
year = {1991},
author = {Green, M and Barbadora, K and Michaels, M},
title = {Recovery of vancomycin-resistant gram-positive cocci from pediatric liver transplant recipients.},
journal = {Journal of clinical microbiology},
volume = {29},
number = {11},
pages = {2503-2506},
pmid = {1774255},
issn = {0095-1137},
support = {RR00084/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Bacteremia/etiology/microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enterococcus/drug effects/isolation & purification ; Feces/microbiology ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*etiology/microbiology ; Gram-Positive Cocci/*drug effects/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Time Factors ; Vancomycin/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Between November 1988 and October 1989, 49 first-time pediatric liver transplant recipients at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh were prospectively monitored for the presence of stool colonization and the development of disease caused by vancomycin-resistant gram-positive cocci (VRGPC). Quantitative stool culturing was done on a weekly basis, and cultures were planted onto a selective medium for VRGPC. Isolates for which the MIC was greater than or equal to 8 were considered resistant to vancomycin. Patients were monitored clinically for the development of infection, and their charts were systematically reviewed for the use of antibiotics. Eighty-six isolates were recovered from 36 of the 49 patients. Enterococcal species were isolated from 31 patients and included Enterococcus gallinarum (n = 28), E. casseliflavus (n = 14), E. faecium (n = 9), E. faecalis (n = 2), E. mundtii (n = 2), and E. durans (n = 1). Stool colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci was noted to increase steadily during the first month after transplantation. Only 9 of 31 patients demonstrated clearance of these organisms in serial repeat cultures. Additional isolates of VRGPC included Lactobacillus confusus (n = 13), Lactobacillus spp. (n = 12), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (n = 4). Infection due to VRGPC developed in three patients: a urinary tract infection in two and peritonitis in one. E. faecium was the pathogen in each of these cases. The ranges of MICs of vancomycin were 8 to 32 micrograms/ml for all enterococcal isolates and greater than 128 micrograms/ml for Lactobacillus and Pediococcus isolates. All Lactobacillus and Pediococcus isolates were resistant to teicoplanin, although they were susceptible to daptomycin. All other isolates were susceptible to both teicoplanin and daptomycin. This study demonstrates that stool colonization with VRGPC may be a common and early finding among pediatric liver transplant recipients. However, infection appears to be uncommon.},
}

Adolescent
Bacteremia/etiology/microbiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Enterococcus/drug effects/isolation & purification
Feces/microbiology
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*etiology/microbiology
Gram-Positive Cocci/*drug effects/*isolation & purification
Humans
Infant
Liver Transplantation/*adverse effects
Time Factors
Vancomycin/*pharmacology

@article {pmid1825238,
year = {1991},
author = {Ditrich, O and Palkovic, L and Stĕrba, J and Prokopic, J and Loudová, J and Giboda, M},
title = {The first finding of Cryptosporidium baileyi in man.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {77},
number = {1},
pages = {44-47},
pmid = {1825238},
issn = {0932-0113},
mesh = {Animals ; Animals, Suckling ; Chickens ; Cryptosporidiosis/complications/*parasitology ; Cryptosporidium/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Esophagus/parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; Gallbladder/parasitology ; HIV Infections/*complications ; Humans ; Intestines/parasitology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Opportunistic Infections/*complications ; Respiratory System/parasitology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Urinary Bladder/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Oocysts of cryptosporidia whose morphology and measurements corresponded with those of the species Cryptosporidium baileyi were found in the stool of an immunodeficient patient. In autopsy material, cryptosporidia were found in the esophagus, whole intestine, trachea, larynx, lungs, and gall and urinary bladders. None of the 69 suckling mice inoculated with this isolate developed cryptosporidial infection. Infection was successful in 26 chickens inoculated perorally and 6 others subjected to intratracheal inoculation; it was localized in the duodenum, jejunum, bursa Fabricii, and respiratory tract. From day 12 after infection, oocysts of cryptosporidia were found in the excrement. Human infection with C. baileyi may have occurred due to disruption of the immune system by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to immunosuppressive therapy undertaken after allogeneic kidney transplantation.},
}

Animals
Animals, Suckling
Chickens
Cryptosporidiosis/complications/*parasitology
Cryptosporidium/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure
Esophagus/parasitology
Feces/parasitology
Gallbladder/parasitology
HIV Infections/*complications
Humans
Intestines/parasitology
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred ICR
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Opportunistic Infections/*complications
Respiratory System/parasitology
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
Urinary Bladder/parasitology

@article {pmid1826901,
year = {1991},
author = {Peng, Q and Moan, J and Kongshaug, M and Evensen, JF and Anholt, H and Rimington, C},
title = {Sensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cancer: a comparison of the tissue distribution of Photofrin II and aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate in nude mice bearing a human malignant tumor.},
journal = {International journal of cancer},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {258-264},
doi = {10.1002/ijc.2910480218},
pmid = {1826901},
issn = {0020-7136},
mesh = {Animals ; Dihematoporphyrin Ether ; Female ; Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation ; Hematoporphyrins/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Indoles/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Laser Therapy ; Melanoma, Experimental/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Organometallic Compounds/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Photochemotherapy/*methods ; Tissue Distribution ; },
abstract = {The distribution of Photofrin II (P-II) and aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AIPCS4) in tissues of BALB/c nu/nu nude mice bearing the LOX human melanoma was measured fluorimetrically at different times after intraperitoneal injection of the drugs, 20 mg/kg body weight. The plasma levels of the drugs as well as the excretion in feces and urine were also determined. The plasma concentrations of both drugs were found to build up in a similar manner during the first 30 min after injection. Thereafter, the plasma level of AIPCS4 decreased exponentially with an elimination half-life of 1.5 hr. The kinetics of elimination of P-II from the plasma were consistent with a 2-compartment model, with 90% of sensitizer lost with a half-life of about 5 hr, and the remaining fraction with a half-life of 30 hr. About 80% of the injected dose of P-II was excreted in the feces during the 7-days following injection, while 77% of AIPCS4 was excreted in the urine during the same period. After injection of a dose of 20 mg/kg, the concentrations of P-II in the LOX tumor as well as in the skin, muscle, brain, heart, lung, kidney and liver increased for about 24 hr, then remained constant or decreased slowly for the next 48 hr, after which they decreased slightly faster. On the other hand, the concentrations of APICS4 in most tissues as well as in the tumor peaked at about 30 min, then decreased with a half-life of between 1.5 and 3 hr. The tumor/skin concentration ratio was about 1 for both drugs (1-24 hr after injection). The tumor/muscle concentration ratio was about 2 for P-II at all sampling times, and maximally 10 (at 18 hr after injection) for AIPCS4. In the present tumor model, the tumor/tissue concentration ratio for all tissues at 1 hr and at 24 hr after the injection was equal for the 2 drugs or higher for AIPCS4.},
}

Animals
Dihematoporphyrin Ether
Female
Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation
Hematoporphyrins/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
Humans
Indoles/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
Laser Therapy
Melanoma, Experimental/*drug therapy/metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice, Nude
Neoplasm Transplantation
Organometallic Compounds/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
Photochemotherapy/*methods
Tissue Distribution

@article {pmid1865267,
year = {1991},
author = {Yamada, M and Matsuda, S and Nakazawa, M and Arizono, N},
title = {Species-specific differences in heterogonic development of serially transferred free-living generations of Strongyloides planiceps and Strongyloides stercoralis.},
journal = {The Journal of parasitology},
volume = {77},
number = {4},
pages = {592-594},
pmid = {1865267},
issn = {0022-3395},
mesh = {Animals ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Species Specificity ; Strongyloidea/*growth & development ; },
abstract = {The direction of free-living development (homogonic vs. heterogonic) in Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides planiceps was examined by successive transplantation of the uterine eggs of free-living females into a test tube culture system containing fresh feces. The eggs from the first-generation free-living females of S. stercoralis did not develop into second-generation free-living adult worms, but all developed into filariform larvae. However, the majority of S. planiceps eggs from the first-generation free-living females developed into second-generation free-living adults. By successive transfer of uterine eggs of each generation, 9 generations developed, and in every cycle more adult worms developed than filariform larvae. However, the number of free-living generations was not infinite; in experiments repeated twice, the number of worms developing from the eggs of eighth or ninth generations was too small to continue further culture. These findings indicate that the pattern of free-living development is different between the 2 species.},
}

Animals
Feces/parasitology
Female
Species Specificity
Strongyloidea/*growth & development

@article {pmid1952998,
year = {1991},
author = {Hussein, M and Howard, ER and Mieli-Vergani, G and Mowat, AP},
title = {Jaundice at 14 days of age: exclude biliary atresia.},
journal = {Archives of disease in childhood},
volume = {66},
number = {10},
pages = {1177-1179},
pmid = {1952998},
issn = {1468-2044},
mesh = {Age Factors ; Biliary Atresia/complications/diagnosis/*surgery ; Bilirubin/urine ; Feces/chemistry ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal/*etiology ; Liver Transplantation ; Portoenterostomy, Hepatic ; Referral and Consultation ; },
}

Age Factors
Biliary Atresia/complications/diagnosis/*surgery
Bilirubin/urine
Feces/chemistry
Humans
Infant
Infant Care
Infant, Newborn
Jaundice, Neonatal/*etiology
Liver Transplantation
Portoenterostomy, Hepatic
Referral and Consultation

@article {pmid1967664,
year = {1990},
author = {Grant, D and Wall, W and Mimeault, R and Zhong, R and Ghent, C and Garcia, B and Stiller, C and Duff, J},
title = {Successful small-bowel/liver transplantation.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {335},
number = {8683},
pages = {181-184},
doi = {10.1016/0140-6736(90)90275-a},
pmid = {1967664},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Adult ; Fats/analysis ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/*transplantation ; Liver/metabolism ; *Liver Transplantation/adverse effects ; Malabsorption Syndromes/*surgery ; Monitoring, Immunologic ; Prognosis ; Reoperation ; Short Bowel Syndrome/*surgery ; Thoracotomy/adverse effects ; Xylose/urine ; },
abstract = {A patient with the short-gut syndrome and antithrombin III deficiency underwent small bowel and liver grafting a year ago. Transient, mild graft-versus-host disease and intestinal rejection occurred within 2 months of grafting and were easily managed. Parenteral nutrition was discontinued 8 weeks after surgery. The patient has maintained normal nutritional indices while on an unrestricted oral diet. Small-bowel/liver grafting is feasible for patients with the short-gut syndrome and associated liver disorders. Further experience is needed to determine the specific risks, benefits, and general applicability of this procedure.},
}

Adult
Fats/analysis
Feces/analysis
Female
Humans
Intestine, Small/*transplantation
Liver/metabolism
*Liver Transplantation/adverse effects
Malabsorption Syndromes/*surgery
Monitoring, Immunologic
Prognosis
Reoperation
Short Bowel Syndrome/*surgery
Thoracotomy/adverse effects
Xylose/urine

@article {pmid1974652,
year = {1990},
author = {Dharakul, T and Rott, L and Greenberg, HB},
title = {Recovery from chronic rotavirus infection in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency: virus clearance mediated by adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ T lymphocytes.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {64},
number = {9},
pages = {4375-4382},
pmid = {1974652},
issn = {0022-538X},
support = {DK38707-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R22 AI121362-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Antigens, Surface/analysis/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; CD8 Antigens ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; *Immunization, Passive ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*complications/immunology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Rotavirus/isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections/complications/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/transplantation ; Thy-1 Antigens ; },
abstract = {Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice lack both functional T and B cells. These mice develop chronic rotavirus infection following an oral inoculation with the epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM) rotavirus. Reconstitution of rotavirus-infected SCID mice with T lymphocytes from immunocompetent mice allows an evaluation of a role of T-cell-mediated immunity in clearing chronic rotavirus infection. Complete rotavirus clearance was demonstrated in C.B-17/scid mice 7 to 9 days after the transfer of immune CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes from histocompatible BALB/c mice previously immunized intraperitoneally with the EDIM-w strain of murine rotavirus. The virus clearance mediated by T-cell transfer was restricted to H-2d-bearing T cells and occurred in the absence of rotavirus-specific antibody as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, neutralization, immunohistochemistry, and radioimmunoprecipitation. Temporary clearance of rotavirus was observed after the transfer of immune CD8+ T cells isolated from the intestinal mucosa (intraepithelial lymphocytes [IELs]) or the spleens of BALB/c mice previously infected with EDIM by the oral route. Chronic virus shedding was transiently eliminated 7 to 11 days after spleen cell transfer and 11 to 12 days after IEL transfer. However, recurrence of rotavirus infection was detected 1 to 8 days later in all but one SCID recipient receiving cells from orally immunized donors. The viral clearance was mediated by IELs that were both Thy1+ and CD8+. These data demonstrated that the clearance of chronic rotavirus infection in SCID mice can be mediated by immune CD8+ T lymphocytes and that this clearance can occur in the absence of virus-specific antibodies.},
}

Animals
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology
Antigens, Surface/analysis/immunology
Antigens, Viral/analysis
CD8 Antigens
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Feces/microbiology
Female
*Immunization, Passive
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*complications/immunology
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice, Mutant Strains
Rotavirus/isolation & purification
Rotavirus Infections/complications/*immunology
Spleen/immunology
T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/transplantation
Thy-1 Antigens

@article {pmid1989265,
year = {1991},
author = {Badger, IL and Crosby, HA and Kong, KL and Baker, JP and Hutchings, P and Elliott, TS and McMaster, P and Bion, JF and Buckels, JA},
title = {Is selective decontamination of the digestive tract beneficial in liver transplant patients? Interim results of a prospective, randomized trial.},
journal = {Transplantation proceedings},
volume = {23},
number = {1 Pt 2},
pages = {1460-1461},
pmid = {1989265},
issn = {0041-1345},
mesh = {Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Bacterial Infections/complications ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Endotoxins/blood ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation/*methods ; Prospective Studies ; },
}

Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
Bacterial Infections/complications
Digestive System/*microbiology
Endotoxins/blood
Feces/microbiology
Humans
Liver Transplantation/*methods
Prospective Studies

@article {pmid2004346,
year = {1991},
author = {Prescott, JF},
title = {Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {20-34},
pmid = {2004346},
issn = {0893-8512},
mesh = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications ; Actinomycetales Infections/complications/*microbiology/veterinary ; Animals ; Horse Diseases/*microbiology ; Horses ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Pneumonia/complications/*microbiology/veterinary ; Rhodococcus/*pathogenicity ; },
abstract = {Recent isolations of Rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. Earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. This organism has been recognized for many years as a cause of a serious pyogranulomatous pneumonia of young foals and is occasionally isolated from granulomatous lesions in several other species, in some cases following immunosuppression. The last decade has seen many advances in understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and immunity to infection in foals. The particular susceptibility of the foal is not understood but can be explained in part by a combination of heavy challenge through the respiratory route coinciding with declining maternally derived antibody in the absence of fully competent foal cellular immune mechanisms. R. equi is largely a soil organism but is widespread in the feces of herbivores. Its growth in soil is considerably improved by simple nutrients it obtains from herbivore manure. About one-third of human patients who have developed R. equi infections had contact in some way with herbivores or their manure. Others may have acquired infection from contact with soil or wild bird manure. R. equi is an intracellular parasite, which explains the typical pyogranulomatous nature of R. equi infections, the predisposition to infection in human patients with defective cell-mediated immune mechanisms, and the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs that penetrate phagocytic cells.},
}

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications
Actinomycetales Infections/complications/*microbiology/veterinary
Animals
Horse Diseases/*microbiology
Horses
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Pneumonia/complications/*microbiology/veterinary
Rhodococcus/*pathogenicity

@article {pmid2043517,
year = {1991},
author = {Seiler, C and Fielding, G and Blumgart, LH and Triller, J and Schultheiss, HR},
title = {Rectal bleeding associated with chronic pancreatitis.},
journal = {HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {199-203},
doi = {10.1155/1991/85468},
pmid = {2043517},
issn = {0894-8569},
mesh = {Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Colonic Diseases/complications ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula/complications ; Male ; Melena/*etiology ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Fistula/complications ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst/complications ; Pancreatitis/*complications ; },
abstract = {Pseudocyst formation, with its attendant complications of compression, rupture, bleeding and fistula formation, is a well known complication of chronic pancreatitis. In 1966 Berne and Edmondson drew attention to the often fatal outcome of pancreatico-colonic fistula complicated by hemorrhage. We present two cases of this rare complication of chronic pancreatitis as defined by the Marseille classification.},
}

Adult
Chronic Disease
Colonic Diseases/complications
Humans
Intestinal Fistula/complications
Male
Melena/*etiology
Middle Aged
Pancreatic Fistula/complications
Pancreatic Pseudocyst/complications
Pancreatitis/*complications

@article {pmid2061770,
year = {1991},
author = {Vajro, P and di Martino, L and Scotti, S and Barbati, C and Fontanella, A and Pettoello Mantovani, M},
title = {Intestinal Cryptosporidium carriage in two liver-transplanted children.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {139},
doi = {10.1097/00005176-199101000-00026},
pmid = {2061770},
issn = {0277-2116},
mesh = {Carrier State ; Child ; Cryptosporidiosis/*diagnosis ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Liver Transplantation ; Male ; },
}

Carrier State
Child
Cryptosporidiosis/*diagnosis
Feces/microbiology
Female
Humans
Infant
*Liver Transplantation
Male

@article {pmid2156006,
year = {1990},
author = {Fagan, E and Yousef, G and Brahm, J and Garelick, H and Mann, G and Wolstenholme, A and Portmann, B and Harrison, T and Mowbray, JF and Mowat, A},
title = {Persistence of hepatitis A virus in fulminant hepatitis and after liver transplantation.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {30},
number = {2},
pages = {131-136},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.1890300210},
pmid = {2156006},
issn = {0146-6615},
mesh = {Adult ; *Carrier State/immunology ; Child ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Hepatitis A/complications/*immunology/surgery ; Hepatitis Antibodies/*analysis ; Hepatovirus/analysis/*immunology ; Humans ; Liver/microbiology ; Liver Diseases/etiology/immunology/surgery ; *Liver Transplantation ; Male ; },
abstract = {A peroxidase-labelled, specific mouse monoclonal antibody to hepatitis A virus (HAV) and an in situ hybridization technique (streptavidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase reaction) with an HAV-specific cDNA probe (recombinant plasmid pAWHA comprising 1.8 kb of the HAV-specific cDNA, located toward the 3' end of the genome) were used to detect HAV in liver tissues in two patients with fulminant viral hepatitis type A treated by liver transplantation after a protracted (day 40: case 1) and relapsing (day 60: case 2) clinical course. HAV antigens and HAV-specific genomic sequences were detected in the hepatectomy tissues and in serial biopsies of the liver grafts through to final follow-up at 2 months (case 2) or death at 7 months after re-grafting for chronic rejection (case 1). In the fulminant liver parenchyma, numerous degenerating and some surviving hepatocytes were positive and randomly scattered. The immunoperoxidase staining was predominantly cytoplasmic and often granular. The localization of the cDNA probe was predominantly nuclear/perinuclear but was occasionally cytoplasmic. High-titre IgM-anti-HAV antibodies persisted until death (case 1) or resolution (5 months) of an acute hepatitis (case 2), which occurred at 2 months, accompanied by HAV antigen (ELISA), in stool. Intact replicating virus particles must have been present in one or more sites in each case, including extrahepatic locations, with a viraemia as the most likely explanation for subsequent reinfection of the grafts.},
}

Adult
*Carrier State/immunology
Child
DNA, Viral/*analysis
Feces/microbiology
Female
Hepatitis A/complications/*immunology/surgery
Hepatitis Antibodies/*analysis
Hepatovirus/analysis/*immunology
Humans
Liver/microbiology
Liver Diseases/etiology/immunology/surgery
*Liver Transplantation
Male

@article {pmid2190375,
year = {1990},
author = {Lemaire, M and Fahr, A and Maurer, G},
title = {Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine: inter- and intra-individual variations and metabolic pathways.},
journal = {Transplantation proceedings},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {1110-1112},
pmid = {2190375},
issn = {0041-1345},
mesh = {Bile/metabolism ; Cyclosporins/*pharmacokinetics ; Drug Interactions ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/physiology ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate/physiology ; Tissue Distribution/physiology ; },
}

Bile/metabolism
Cyclosporins/*pharmacokinetics
Drug Interactions
Feces/analysis
Female
Humans
Intestinal Absorption/physiology
Male
Metabolic Clearance Rate/physiology
Tissue Distribution/physiology

@article {pmid2343206,
year = {1990},
author = {Stone, WJ and Schaffner, W},
title = {Strongyloides infections in transplant recipients.},
journal = {Seminars in respiratory infections},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {58-64},
pmid = {2343206},
issn = {0882-0546},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Humans ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Male ; Pneumonia/drug therapy/etiology/parasitology ; Strongyloides/isolation & purification ; *Strongyloidiasis/drug therapy/parasitology ; Thiabendazole/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Solid organ transplant recipients can experience serious disease and death from infection due to the parasitic roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis. This parasite lives in soil contaminated with human feces. Domestic dogs and cats may be another reservoir. Larvae can penetrate the skin, are carried hematogenously to the lungs, migrate up the bronchial tree, and then can be passed to the upper small intestine. Autoinfection occurs in the setting of immunosuppression when invasive larvae penetrate the gut wall and cause disseminated infection. Polymicrobial sepsis is sometimes seen due to enteric organisms adhering to the parasite. Transplant recipients are at highest risk during the first 3 months posttransplant. Many organ systems may be affected. Pulmonary symptoms include cough, wheezing, sputum production, dyspnea, hemoptysis, tachypneas, and pleuritic pain. Hyperinfection, an augmentation of the normal skin-lung-intestine life cycle, occurs in roughly two-thirds of infected transplant recipients, with dissemination in the remainder. Diagnosis is made primarily by examination of the stool or intestinal secretions for ova and parasites. Occasionally, parasites are noted in the sputum. New serologic tests show promise. The parasite may remain in the host for over 25 years before immunosuppression causes either dissemination or hyperinfection. Thiabendazole given for 3 to 7 days is the treatment of choice for organ transplant recipients. Repeat courses may be needed to eradicate infection.},
}

Adult
Animals
Humans
Immunosuppression Therapy
Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects
Male
Pneumonia/drug therapy/etiology/parasitology
Strongyloides/isolation & purification
*Strongyloidiasis/drug therapy/parasitology
Thiabendazole/administration & dosage/therapeutic use

@article {pmid2363327,
year = {1990},
author = {Stoye, M and Ising, S and Reisewitz, K},
title = {[Transplanted infections with Toxocara canis as a model for the effectiveness testing of anthelmintics].},
journal = {Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {81-90},
pmid = {2363327},
issn = {0514-7166},
mesh = {Animals ; Anthelmintics/*therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dog Diseases/*drug therapy ; Dogs ; Feces/parasitology ; Male ; Toxocara/growth & development ; Toxocariasis/drug therapy/*veterinary ; },
abstract = {Patent infections of adult dogs with Toxocara canis induced by transplantation of immature, intestinal stages were examined for their suitability for testing of anthelmintics. Each of 5 dogs were infected four times by transplantation of 80 immature, intestinal stages of Toxocara canis. The dogs were treated with various anthelmintics of well established efficacy (pyrantel, nitroscanate, mebendazole, piperazine) 20 dpi. All anthelmintics tested showed the same efficacy as had been assessed earlier by treatment of dogs infected prenatally with Toxocara canis.},
}

Animals
Anthelmintics/*therapeutic use
Disease Models, Animal
Dog Diseases/*drug therapy
Dogs
Feces/parasitology
Male
Toxocara/growth & development
Toxocariasis/drug therapy/*veterinary

@article {pmid2378152,
year = {1990},
author = {Knöll, R and Reinel, D and Bothe, C and Tsolkas, P},
title = {[Fungal involvement of the tongue and feces in dialysis-dependent patients].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Hautkrankheiten},
volume = {65},
number = {5},
pages = {476-480},
pmid = {2378152},
issn = {0301-0481},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology ; Feces/*microbiology ; Female ; Fungi/isolation & purification ; Glossitis/*microbiology ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*therapy ; Kidney Transplantation/*immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses/*microbiology ; Opportunistic Infections/*microbiology ; *Renal Dialysis ; Risk Factors ; Tongue/microbiology ; },
abstract = {38 patients regularly receiving dialysis and 3 patients with a renal transplant were investigated with regard to possible colonization of yeasts. The tongue and stool were directly examined with Kimmig agar, the resulting yeasts were then differentiated by means of rice agar and an auxanogram. Candida albicans was the germ most frequently found both on the tongue (47.5%) and in the stool (50%). We discuss the significance of our results.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology
Feces/*microbiology
Female
Fungi/isolation & purification
Glossitis/*microbiology
Humans
Kidney Failure, Chronic/*therapy
Kidney Transplantation/*immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Mycoses/*microbiology
Opportunistic Infections/*microbiology
*Renal Dialysis
Risk Factors
Tongue/microbiology

@article {pmid2436760,
year = {1987},
author = {Fanucchi, MP and Kinahan, JJ and Samuels, LL and Hancock, C and Chou, TC and Niedzwiecki, D and Farag, F and Vidal, PM and DeGraw, JI and Sternberg, SS},
title = {Toxicity, elimination, and metabolism of 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin in rats and dogs.},
journal = {Cancer research},
volume = {47},
number = {9},
pages = {2334-2339},
pmid = {2436760},
issn = {0008-5472},
support = {CA-05826/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; CA-18856/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; CA-22764/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Aminopterin/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/toxicity ; Animals ; Dogs ; Mathematics ; Polyglutamic Acid/metabolism ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution ; },
abstract = {10-Ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (10-EdAM) is an antifolate compound with greater therapeutic activity than methotrexate against transplanted tumors in mice. When given weekly for 3 weeks, the 10% lethal dose in rats was 125 mg/kg (i.p.) and in dogs it was 2.5 mg/kg (i.v.). The major histopathological findings in intoxicated animals were damage to the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract in rats and dogs and hypocellularity of the marrow in rats. The elimination of 50 mg/kg of 10-EdAM from the plasma of rats was triexponential with a terminal phase t1/2 of 18.5 h but a mean residence time of 0.7 h. The primary route of elimination in rats was biliary secretion of parent compound and eventual excretion of the parent compound and the deglutamate metabolite in the feces; the 7-hydroxy metabolite was also present in plasma, bile, and feces. Biliary elimination was independent of dose over a 5-fold range. The elimination of 10-EdAM from the plasma of dogs was also triexponential with a mean terminal phase t1/2 of 9.1 h and a mean residence time of 2.5 h; nonrenal clearance was the primary route of elimination. The pharmacokinetic parameters were independent of dose over the range of 0.25 to 5.0 mg/kg. High tissue concentrations of 10-EdAM were observed initially in liver, kidney, and small intestine of rats, while concentrations in bone marrow were low. Some polyglutamate formation was observed in these tissues as early as 0.5 h after drug administration but declined over 72 h.},
}

Aminopterin/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/toxicity
Animals
Dogs
Mathematics
Polyglutamic Acid/metabolism
Rats
Tissue Distribution

@article {pmid2480310,
year = {1989},
author = {Wonitzki, C and Hoffmann, FA},
title = {Bacteriological findings in patients with bone marrow transplantation (Karl Marx University Leipzig, 1985-1987).},
journal = {Folia haematologica (Leipzig, Germany : 1928)},
volume = {116},
number = {3-4},
pages = {569-576},
pmid = {2480310},
issn = {0323-4347},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bacteria/*isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections/etiology/*microbiology/prevention & control ; Blood/microbiology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Decontamination ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Intestines/microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mucous Membrane/microbiology ; Pharynx/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {The results of the bacteriological surveillance cultures for 26 patients with bone marrow transplantation (Karl Marx University Leipzig, G.D.R., 1985-1987) are presented. 5.9% of all surveillance cultures contained facultatively pathogenic germs (with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most frequent representative, which was the reason of a sepsis in two patients). Coagulasenegative Staphylococci and other germs with an obscure pathogenicity were isolated upon a large scale, especially from the mucous membrane regions. There are hints, that above all special strains of coagulasenegative Staphylococci "colonize" the patient's body (also for longer periods) and turn into the blood too. During the total decontamination intestinal anaerobic flora is absent. After closing of total decontamination Clostridium perfringens is the first detectable anaerobic species. During the selective decontamination systemic applications of antibiotics are able to obliterate anaerobic findings for certain periods. Recommendations for an effective arrangement of the surveillance cultures of bone marrow transplantation patients are given.},
}

Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use
Bacteria/*isolation & purification
Bacterial Infections/etiology/*microbiology/prevention & control
Blood/microbiology
Bone Marrow Transplantation/*adverse effects
Decontamination
Feces/microbiology
Humans
Intestines/microbiology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mucous Membrane/microbiology
Pharynx/microbiology
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification
Staphylococcus/isolation & purification

@article {pmid2510515,
year = {1989},
author = {Wolf, JE and Liu, HH and Rabinowitz, LG},
title = {Ecthyma gangrenosum in the absence of Pseudomonas bacteremia in a bone marrow transplant recipient.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {87},
number = {5},
pages = {595-597},
doi = {10.1016/s0002-9343(89)80624-2},
pmid = {2510515},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Adult ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Clostridium/isolation & purification ; Ecthyma/*microbiology/pathology ; Feces/microbiology ; Gangrene ; Humans ; Male ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; },
}

Adult
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Clostridium/isolation & purification
Ecthyma/*microbiology/pathology
Feces/microbiology
Gangrene
Humans
Male
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification
Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification

@article {pmid2668434,
year = {1989},
author = {Roncoroni, AJ and Gomez, MA and Mera, J and Cagnoni, P and Michel, MD},
title = {Cryptosporidium infection in renal transplant patients.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {160},
number = {3},
pages = {559},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/160.3.559},
pmid = {2668434},
issn = {0022-1899},
mesh = {Animals ; Coccidia/*isolation & purification ; Cryptosporidiosis/complications/*diagnosis ; Cryptosporidium/*isolation & purification ; Diarrhea/etiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation ; },
}

Animals
Coccidia/*isolation & purification
Cryptosporidiosis/complications/*diagnosis
Cryptosporidium/*isolation & purification
Diarrhea/etiology
Feces/microbiology
Humans
*Kidney Transplantation

@article {pmid2668743,
year = {1989},
author = {Mühlbauer, B and Huber, S and Hoppe, JE and Stier, B and Dopfer, R and Niethammer, D},
title = {[Systemic salmonella infections in chemotherapy in 2 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].},
journal = {Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde},
volume = {137},
number = {6},
pages = {337-340},
pmid = {2668743},
issn = {0026-9298},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Carrier State/diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Feces/microbiology ; Femoral Fractures/diagnosis ; Fractures, Spontaneous/diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Opportunistic Infections/*diagnosis ; Osteomyelitis/diagnosis ; Postoperative Complications/*diagnosis ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*drug therapy ; Salmonella Infections/*diagnosis ; Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification ; Sepsis/*diagnosis ; },
abstract = {A 15 year old patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, previously diagnosed as being a salmonella carrier, developed S. typhimurium sepsis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, in spite of pretreatment with chloramphenicol. Clinical improvement and termination of salmonella excretion were achieved by treatment with multiple antibiotics. Another patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a 3 year old boy not previously identified as a salmonella carrier, also developed sepsis and osteomyelitis, together with pathological fractures during chemotherapy. Chloramphenicol, administered after isolation of S. typhimurium from blood cultures, led to resolution of the bony defects, complete recovery, and cessation of salmonella excretion. Selective cultures for salmonellae seem indicated in patients with malignant diseases, prior to chemotherapy.},
}

Adolescent
Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Carrier State/diagnosis
Child, Preschool
Combined Modality Therapy
Feces/microbiology
Femoral Fractures/diagnosis
Fractures, Spontaneous/diagnosis
Humans
Male
Opportunistic Infections/*diagnosis
Osteomyelitis/diagnosis
Postoperative Complications/*diagnosis
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*drug therapy
Salmonella Infections/*diagnosis
Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification
Sepsis/*diagnosis

@article {pmid2686547,
year = {1989},
author = {Giuliano, M and Pantosti, A and Gentile, G and Venditti, M and Arcese, W and Martino, P},
title = {Effects on oral and intestinal microfloras of norfloxacin and pefloxacin for selective decontamination in bone marrow transplant patients.},
journal = {Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy},
volume = {33},
number = {10},
pages = {1709-1713},
pmid = {2686547},
issn = {0066-4804},
mesh = {Adult ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Intestines/drug effects/*microbiology ; Leukemia/therapy ; Male ; Mouth/drug effects/*microbiology ; Norfloxacin/*pharmacology ; Pefloxacin/*pharmacology ; Staphylococcus/drug effects ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; },
abstract = {We monitored the modifications of oral and intestinal microfloras of 10 allogeneic bone marrow recipients who received randomly either norfloxacin or pefloxacin (400 mg three times a day) as selective decontamination for infection prevention. After 1 week of treatment, in all patients members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were no longer detectable and in all but one pefloxacin-treated patient enterococci were also eliminated in the intestine. The anaerobic flora was not affected, with the exception of Bacteroides spp., markedly reduced after treatment with pefloxacin. In most patients the most striking effect was the increase in staphylococcal counts. These strains were found to be resistant to both quinolones in the study. Less consistent changes were observed in oral flora. No relevant difference could be demonstrated between the two regimens on bacterial counts either in feces or in saliva. This study shows the efficacy of both quinolones in eradicating gram-negative bacilli in the alimentary tract of bone marrow transplant patients; however, the finding of the overgrowth of resistant gram-positive organisms during treatment with these agents deserves further evaluation.},
}

Adult
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Feces/microbiology
Female
Humans
Immunosuppression Therapy
Intestines/drug effects/*microbiology
Leukemia/therapy
Male
Mouth/drug effects/*microbiology
Norfloxacin/*pharmacology
Pefloxacin/*pharmacology
Staphylococcus/drug effects
Whole-Body Irradiation

@article {pmid2728007,
year = {1989},
author = {Marchok, AC and Fleming, GS and Tomkins, BA and Griest, WH},
title = {[3H]benzo[a]pyrene utilization in rats following tracheal implant exposure.},
journal = {Toxicology},
volume = {56},
number = {1},
pages = {63-77},
doi = {10.1016/0300-483x(89)90212-6},
pmid = {2728007},
issn = {0300-483X},
support = {CA 543857/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Autoradiography ; Benzo(a)pyrene/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*toxicity ; Female ; Gels ; Germ-Free Life ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Tissue Distribution ; Trachea/*drug effects/transplantation ; Tritium ; },
abstract = {Open-ended rat tracheal implants (OETI) were exposed to 40 micrograms [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-gelatin pellets and the 3H activity in the OETI, the host's tissues and excretia was determined 3-96 h after insertion of the pellets. The radioactivity in the OETI reached near peak activity by 3 h, and decreased almost 10-fold by 24 h. Most of the activity was associated with parent B[a]P throughout the 95 h. The 3H activity in the surrounding tissue also was mostly associated with B[a]P, but the 3H activity in the liver, kidney, blood and urine was mostly associated with water-soluble plus conjugated metabolites. In the feces, 68% of the 3H activity was in B[a]P at 3 h, but mostly organic as well as water-soluble plus conjugated metabolites were extracted from it throughout the remaining 96 h. Forty-eight hours after insertion of the B[a]P pellets, the feces contained almost 16% of the total 3H activity. Pre-exposure of the OETI to B[a]P for 4 days before insertion of the [3H]B[a]P pellets stimulated metabolism of B[a]P in the tracheas approximately 2-fold, but had no significant effect on the host tissues.},
}

Animals
Autoradiography
Benzo(a)pyrene/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*toxicity
Female
Gels
Germ-Free Life
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Tissue Distribution
Trachea/*drug effects/transplantation
Tritium

@article {pmid2799076,
year = {1989},
author = {Mostofa, M and McKellar, QA},
title = {Effect of an antimuscarinic drug on the plasma pepsinogen activity of sheep infected with Ostertagia circumcincta.},
journal = {Research in veterinary science},
volume = {47},
number = {2},
pages = {208-211},
pmid = {2799076},
issn = {0034-5288},
mesh = {Animals ; Atropine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Feces/parasitology ; Injections, Subcutaneous/veterinary ; Ivermectin/therapeutic use ; Ostertagiasis/blood/drug therapy/*veterinary ; Parasite Egg Count/veterinary ; Pepsinogens/*blood ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/*blood/drug therapy ; Trichostrongyloidiasis/*veterinary ; },
abstract = {The antimuscarinic drug atropine caused a marked fall in plasma pepsinogen values of sheep with burdens of Ostertagia circumcincta and this response was greater in animals which had higher plasma pepsinogen values before administration of the drug. The response was shown to occur whether the elevated plasma pepsinogen values were a consequence of a larval infection in previously naive or exposed animals or of adult parasites directly transplanted into the abomasum of naive lambs.},
}

Animals
Atropine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
Feces/parasitology
Injections, Subcutaneous/veterinary
Ivermectin/therapeutic use
Ostertagiasis/blood/drug therapy/*veterinary
Parasite Egg Count/veterinary
Pepsinogens/*blood
Sheep
Sheep Diseases/*blood/drug therapy
Trichostrongyloidiasis/*veterinary

@article {pmid3053555,
year = {1988},
author = {Sage, R and Hann, I and Prentice, HG and Devereux, S and Corringham, R and Hoffbrand, AV and Blacklock, H and Stirling, L and Guimaraes, M and Trikka, E},
title = {A randomized trial of empirical antibiotic therapy with one of four beta-lactam antibiotics in combination with netilmicin in febrile neutropenic patients.},
journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {237-247},
doi = {10.1093/jac/22.2.237},
pmid = {3053555},
issn = {0305-7453},
mesh = {Agranulocytosis/*drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Cefoperazone/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Feces/microbiology ; Fever/*drug therapy ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Humans ; Mezlocillin/therapeutic use ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Netilmicin/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Neutropenia/*drug therapy ; Piperacillin/therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Respiratory System/microbiology ; Superinfection/drug therapy ; Ticarcillin/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Over a two year period 174 evaluable episodes of fever in neutropenic patients were treated in a randomized study comparing four beta-lactam antibiotics, each given in combination with netilmicin. Exclusions included episodes due to viral or fungal infection, and trial violations. Most patients were receiving treatment for leukaemia, including 18% undergoing bone marrow transplantation. The overall response rate (EORTC criteria) was 66%, ranging from 56% for cefoperazone to 76% for mezlocillin. Microbial documentation was obtained in 31% of episodes; Gram-positive isolates were most frequent but Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 18 patients. In patients with microbiologically documented infection 70% improved, overall--from 40% with cefoperazone to 80% with piperacillin (P less than 0.05). Nephrotoxicity was seen in 6.7% and was associated with severe documented sepsis. Hypokalaemia was seen in 29% and was most marked in patients receiving ticarcillin. Rashes occurred in 6.6% overall, with no difference between the groups. Ototoxicity, shown by serial audiograms, was seen in 4.7% of patients. No evidence of vestibular dysfunction was seen in 62 patients studied. Of thirteen deaths due to the primary infection, seven were caused by Ps. aeruginosa and five by fungi.},
}

Agranulocytosis/*drug therapy
Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Cefoperazone/therapeutic use
Clinical Trials as Topic
Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Feces/microbiology
Fever/*drug therapy
Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects
Humans
Mezlocillin/therapeutic use
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Netilmicin/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Neutropenia/*drug therapy
Piperacillin/therapeutic use
Random Allocation
Respiratory System/microbiology
Superinfection/drug therapy
Ticarcillin/therapeutic use

@article {pmid3054334,
year = {1988},
author = {Rotstein, C and Higby, D and Killion, K and Powell, E},
title = {Relationship of surveillance cultures to bacteremia and fungemia in bone marrow transplant recipients with Hickman or Broviac catheters.},
journal = {Journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {154-158},
doi = {10.1002/jso.2930390304},
pmid = {3054334},
issn = {0022-4790},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Catheters, Indwelling/*adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; False Positive Reactions ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses/*prevention & control ; Pharynx/microbiology ; Sepsis/*prevention & control ; Skin/microbiology ; Staphylococcus/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {A total of 64 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia were documented in 25 allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogens recovered, with 34 of the 39 isolated being methicillin resistant. Streptococcus viridans (11 episodes), diphtheroids (5 episodes), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 episodes) accounted for the majority of the other pathogens causing bacteremia. Six episodes of fungemia were also seen. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were demonstrated in 31 of 36 (86%) throat cultures, 25 of 35 (71%) stool cultures, and 6 of 7 (86%) Hickman or Broviac catheter exit site surveillance cultures prior to the development of bacteremia caused by these organisms. Throat surveillance cultures positive for S. viridans also showed a correlation (88%) with subsequent S. viridans bacteremia. However, surveillance cultures for aerobic gram-negative bacilli, diphtheroids, and fungi did not correlate with subsequent septicemia. Organisms isolated in throat surveillance cultures correlated with subsequent bacteremia caused by these organisms in only 15% of all the cultures taken, while only 14% of stool cultures predicted bacteremia. The utility of surveillance cultures is limited because of low cost-effectiveness and a high rate of false-positive results.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Catheters, Indwelling/*adverse effects
Child
Child, Preschool
False Positive Reactions
Feces/microbiology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Mycoses/*prevention & control
Pharynx/microbiology
Sepsis/*prevention & control
Skin/microbiology
Staphylococcus/isolation & purification

@article {pmid3121516,
year = {1987},
author = {Heizmann, W and Ehninger, G and Vallbracht, A and Botzenhart, K},
title = {Surveillance cultures and benefit of laminar airflow units in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.},
journal = {Infection},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {337-343},
pmid = {3121516},
issn = {0300-8126},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacteria, Aerobic/*growth & development ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Candida/isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Digestive System/microbiology ; *Environment, Controlled ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification ; Skin/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {The effectiveness of gastrointestinal and topical decontamination, as well as isolation in laminar airflow (LAF) units were investigated in 20 patients. On a weekly basis, surveillance cultures were taken. Environmental controls were taken on the medical ward outside the two LAF units and from the LAF unit itself when being used by a patient. The use of LAF units seems to be of benefit in preventing exogenous infections, but there are two weak points in the isolation techniques: the opening of the tent (with a free entry into the tent itself) and the water delivery system. By using appropriate decontamination measures, it was possible to greatly reduce the number of bacteria and species of the normal flora in all regions with the exception of the oropharynx. Individual patients with oxacillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and/or Candida albicans continued to show the presence of these organisms during this time. The detection of Clostridium difficile and/or its toxin B in eight patients at the beginning of the individual observation period was significant. Four out of 15 fever episodes were attributable to endogenous bacterial infections. Each of the causative organisms had been previously isolated in the surveillance cultures, thus the clinician was able to initiate a calculated antimicrobial therapy. As evident from the low incidence of infectious complications, gastrointestinal and topical decontamination of the skin as well as reverse isolation in LAF units are efficient protective measures for bone marrow transplant patients.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Bacteria, Aerobic/*growth & development
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Candida/isolation & purification
Child
Child, Preschool
Digestive System/microbiology
*Environment, Controlled
Feces/microbiology
Female
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Pharynx/microbiology
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification
Skin/microbiology
Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification

@article {pmid3193521,
year = {1988},
author = {Kim, KS and Susskind, MR and King, LR},
title = {Ileocecal ureterosigmoidostomy: an alternative to conventional ureterosigmoidostomy.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {140},
number = {6},
pages = {1494-1498},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)42083-0},
pmid = {3193521},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Bladder Exstrophy/surgery ; Child ; Colon, Sigmoid/*surgery ; Enterostomy/methods ; Epispadias/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Ileocecal Valve/*transplantation ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Urinary Diversion/*methods ; Urinary Tract Infections/etiology ; },
abstract = {We describe a 1-stage procedure that involves use of the ileocecal segment as an intervening urine conduit to the large bowel to achieve a continent diversion. The ureters are anastomosed end to end to the terminal ileum that is intussuscepted into the cecum. The cecum then is joined to the lower sigmoid by an end-to-side anastomosis. Mixed urine and feces are eliminated through the rectum. The results in 5 patients with exstrophy and 1 with epispadias between 5 months and 13 years old are reported. Ureteral reflux was not observed. Urinary tract infection developed in 2 patients. Ileocecal ureterosigmoidostomy is a reasonable alternative to intact ureterosigmoidostomy that may reduce the risk of development of cancer.},
}

Adolescent
Bladder Exstrophy/surgery
Child
Colon, Sigmoid/*surgery
Enterostomy/methods
Epispadias/surgery
Female
Humans
Ileocecal Valve/*transplantation
Infant
Male
Postoperative Complications/etiology
Urinary Diversion/*methods
Urinary Tract Infections/etiology

@article {pmid3287281,
year = {1988},
author = {Nawa, Y and Abe, T and Imai, J and Maruyama, H},
title = {Impaired natural defence of beige (Chediak-Higashi syndrome) mice against tissue-migrating larvae of Strongyloides ratti and its reconstitution by bone marrow cells.},
journal = {Parasite immunology},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {117-126},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00208.x},
pmid = {3287281},
issn = {0141-9838},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Marrow/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/complications/*immunology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Feces/parasitology ; Immunity, Innate ; Kinetics ; Larva/growth & development ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Strongyloides/growth & development ; Strongyloidiasis/etiology/*immunology ; },
abstract = {The susceptibility of C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ mice, which exhibit a murine counterpart of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome, to infection with Strongyloides ratti was examined. After a primary infection, the peak of the daily larval output in faeces (LPG) of bgJ/bgJ mice was approximately twice as high as that of their littermate bgJ/+mice. The total number of tissue migrating larvae recovered from bgJ/bgJ mice at 36 h after infection was also approximately twice as high as that from bgJ/+mice. However, after a primary infection, bgJ/bgJ mice could completely expel adult worms in the intestine by day 14. When an equal number of tissue migrating larvae obtained from the head of +/+ mice were implanted into bgJ/bgJ and bgJ/+mice, the magnitude and the kinetics of LPG were comparable between them, indicating that in both groups implanted larvae established in the intestine to become adult worms and then they were expelled by day 13. Thus, immune mechanisms involved in worm expulsion of bgJ/bgJ mice were comparable to those of bgJ/+mice. The higher susceptibility of bgJ/bgJ mice could be reduced to the level of bgJ/+mice by bone marrow grafting from bgJ/+mice 6 weeks prior to infection. Furthermore, when lethally irradiated bgJ/bgJ mice or bgJ/+mice were reconstituted with either type of bone marrow cells, the mice given bgJ/bgJ bone marrow cells showed higher susceptibility to infection with S. ratti regardless of the genotype of the recipients. These results indicate that the impaired natural defence of bgJ/bgJ mice is predetermined at the level of haemopoietic stem cells.},
}

Animals
Bone Marrow/*immunology
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/complications/*immunology
Disease Susceptibility
Feces/parasitology
Immunity, Innate
Kinetics
Larva/growth & development
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Strongyloides/growth & development
Strongyloidiasis/etiology/*immunology

@article {pmid3292884,
year = {1988},
author = {Veenendaal, D and de Boer, F and Van der Waaij, D},
title = {Effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract of donor and recipient on the occurrence of murine delayed-type graft-versus-host disease.},
journal = {Medical microbiology and immunology},
volume = {177},
number = {3},
pages = {133-144},
pmid = {3292884},
issn = {0300-8584},
mesh = {Animals ; Aztreonam/pharmacology ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects/growth & development ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; *Graft vs Host Disease ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; *Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transplantation, Homologous ; },
abstract = {In the present study we investigated the occurrence of delayed-type graft-versus-host disease (DT-GvHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) between two H-2 incompatible mouse strains. BMT was performed on mice with a conventional intestinal microflora as well as on mice in which the Enterobacteriaceae were selectively eliminated from the intestinal microflora by oral antibiotic treatment. None of the conventional or the selectively decontaminated (SD) chimaeric mice suffering from DT-GvHD died of bacteraemia. While DT-GvHD was mitigated when C3H/He recipient mice were SD-treated, this was not the case when C57B1/6J recipient mice were SD-treated. SD-treatment of the digestive tract of donor mice only mitigated DT-GvHD when the recipients were also SD-treated. We conclude that Enterobacteriaceae in the digestive tract may only play a minor role, if any, in the occurrence of DT-GvHD. Instead, we postulate that in this study DT-GvHD was determined by differences in the composition of the resident intestinal microflora (IM) of both mouse strains together with the cellular composition of the bone marrow graft. The interaction between antigenic components of the recipient's IM and the developing donor immune system in the recipient as a possible cause for DT-GvHD is discussed.},
}

Animals
Aztreonam/pharmacology
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects/growth & development
Feces/microbiology
Female
*Graft vs Host Disease
H-2 Antigens/immunology
*Hypersensitivity, Delayed
Intestines/*microbiology
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred C3H
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Transplantation, Homologous

@article {pmid3294082,
year = {1988},
author = {Samuel, D and Boboc, B and Bernuau, J and Bismuth, H and Benhamou, JP},
title = {Liver transplantation for protoporphyria. Evidence for the predominant role of the erythropoietic tissue in protoporphyrin overproduction.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {95},
number = {3},
pages = {816-819},
pmid = {3294082},
issn = {0016-5085},
mesh = {Adult ; Erythrocytes/*metabolism ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology/*surgery ; *Liver Transplantation ; Porphyrias/blood/genetics/metabolism/*surgery ; Porphyrins/*biosynthesis ; Protoporphyrins/analysis/*biosynthesis/blood ; },
abstract = {Protoporphyria is an inherited disorder of heme biosynthesis characterized by an overproduction of protoporphyrin in the erythropoietic and hepatic tissues, the relative contribution of which in the metabolic disorder has not been directly quantitated. Excess protoporphyrin is eliminated solely by the liver into the bile and feces. We describe the case of a patient with protoporphyria complicated by severe cirrhosis in whom liver transplantation was performed and resulted in almost complete disappearance of skin photosensitivity manifestations and reduction in the level of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes. However, the level of protoporphyrin in feces was not markedly different before and after liver transplantation, which suggests that overproduction of protoporphyrin was unchanged. These findings are consistent with the view that the diseased liver and ensuing low hepatic clearance of protoporphyrin contributed to accumulation of protoporphyrin in the body and that, at least in this patient, the role of the hepatic tissue in the overproduction of protoporphyrin was small in comparison with that of the erythropoietic tissue.},
}

Adult
Erythrocytes/*metabolism
Feces/analysis
Female
Humans
Liver/metabolism
Liver Cirrhosis/etiology/*surgery
*Liver Transplantation
Porphyrias/blood/genetics/metabolism/*surgery
Porphyrins/*biosynthesis
Protoporphyrins/analysis/*biosynthesis/blood

@article {pmid3297772,
year = {1987},
author = {Guiot, HF and Biemond, J and Klasen, E and Gratama, JW and Kramps, JA and Zwaan, FE},
title = {Protein loss during acute graft-versus-host disease: diagnostic and clinical significance.},
journal = {European journal of haematology},
volume = {38},
number = {2},
pages = {187-196},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0609.1987.tb01160.x},
pmid = {3297772},
issn = {0902-4441},
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Capillary Permeability ; Graft vs Host Disease/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Lung/blood supply ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Protease Inhibitors/blood ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; *Proteins ; Serum Albumin/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {In 31 consecutive patients who received an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation the loss of proteins during the period at risk for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was studied in order to determine whether the quantity of protein loss could be used for grading the severity of aGVHD. It was shown that the grade classified on the basis of the severity of skin rash, the quantity of diarrhea and the seriousness of cholestasis, correlated with serum albumin loss, intestinal plasma loss (expressed by the intestinal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance) and the occurrence of inflammatory cells (leukocytes) in feces. The quantity of albumin lost by intestinal route accounted for only one third of the total albumin loss. To investigate whether the remaining part of it could be explained by capillary leakage elsewhere in the body, leakage of antileukoprotease from the tissue of the respiratory tract into the blood was measured. It was shown that the serum concentration of this proteinase inhibitor correlated with albumin loss. This means that capillary leakage also occurs in the lung during aGVHD. In conclusion, the loss of proteins can be used as a parameter of the severity of aGVHD once the proper diagnosis has been established. It appears that a combination of the current 'familiar' grading system and SAL yields a more objective classification system with a greater prognostic value.},
}

Acute Disease
Adolescent
Adult
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Capillary Permeability
Graft vs Host Disease/*physiopathology
Humans
Lung/blood supply
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Protease Inhibitors/blood
Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory
*Proteins
Serum Albumin/*metabolism

@article {pmid3312020,
year = {1987},
author = {Vlaspolder, F and de Zeeuw, G and Rozenberg-Arska, M and Egyedi, P and Verhoef, J},
title = {The influence of flucloxacillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid on the aerobic flora of the alimentary tract.},
journal = {Infection},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {241-244},
pmid = {3312020},
issn = {0300-8126},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Amoxicillin/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination ; Bacteria, Aerobic/*drug effects/growth & development ; Bone Transplantation ; Child ; Clavulanic Acids/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Cloxacillin/*analogs & derivatives ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Drug Combinations/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects/growth & development ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Floxacillin/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/microbiology ; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures ; Premedication ; Random Allocation ; Yeasts/growth & development ; },
abstract = {In a randomized study, 42 patients undergoing extensive maxillo-facial surgery (correction of the position of the mandible or maxilla by using autologous bone transplants) received prophylactically ten-day courses of either flucloxacillin or amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Patients were comparable with regard to age and type of surgery. During the prophylactic treatment the effect of antibiotics used on the microbial flora of the alimentary tract was studied. Patients receiving flucloxacillin showed increased numbers of Klebsiella spp. isolated from the faeces (59% of the patients versus 19% of the patients receiving amoxicillin with clavulanic acid). Patients receiving amoxicillin with clavulanic acid showed higher colonization rates of oropharynx with Enterobacteriaceae than patients receiving flucloxacillin (ten patients versus five patients). 60% of those strains isolated from patients receiving amoxicillin with clavulanic acid were resistant to this combination, as compared to 20% of gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients receiving flucloxacillin. In 50% of patients receiving amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, colonization of the gut with yeast occurred, as compared to 18% of patients receiving flucloxacillin. Only one infection leading to a partial loss of the graft was seen in the group of patients receiving flucloxacillin.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Amoxicillin/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination
Bacteria, Aerobic/*drug effects/growth & development
Bone Transplantation
Child
Clavulanic Acids/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
Cloxacillin/*analogs & derivatives
Digestive System/*microbiology
Drug Combinations/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects/growth & development
Feces/microbiology
Female
Floxacillin/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nasopharynx/microbiology
Orthognathic Surgical Procedures
Premedication
Random Allocation
Yeasts/growth & development

@article {pmid3312287,
year = {1987},
author = {Hamilton, DJ and Ulness, BK and Baugher, LK and Counts, GW},
title = {Comparison of a novel trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-containing medium (XT80) with kanamycin agar for isolation of antibiotic-resistant organisms from stool and rectal cultures of marrow transplant patients.},
journal = {Journal of clinical microbiology},
volume = {25},
number = {10},
pages = {1886-1890},
pmid = {3312287},
issn = {0095-1137},
support = {CA18029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Bacteria/drug effects/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Corynebacterium/drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Culture Media ; Drug Combinations/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Kanamycin/*pharmacology ; Rectum/microbiology ; Sepsis/microbiology ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Sulfamethoxazole/*pharmacology ; Trimethoprim/*pharmacology ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; },
abstract = {A new medium (XT80) containing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was characterized and compared with kanamycin-containing tryptic soy agar (KA) for the recovery of multiply resistant organisms (MRO) in rectal and stool cultures. Cultures from 151 patients hospitalized for bone marrow transplantation were screened for MRO. A total of 366 MRO were recovered from 702 cultures on 94 patients during a 6-month period. XT80 detected more gram-negative bacilli and Corynebacterium spp. than KA. Detection of Staphylococcus spp. was equivalent for the two media. Multiple-antibiotic resistance, defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics, was confirmed by standard agar disk diffusion susceptibility testing. Growth on XT80 correctly identified heteroresistant strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. XT80 more rapidly detected thymidine-dependent mutants of Staphylococcus spp. and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Lipophilic Corynebacterium spp., including Corynebacterium group JK, also were more readily detected with XT80. TMP-SMZ given as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii infection exerts a selective pressure on organisms that colonize immunocompromised patients and appears to select for colonization with MRO. Colonization with MRO preceded infection for 94% of 36 patients who developed bacteremia. XT80 is a useful screening tool; growth on this medium correlates closely with resistance to TMP-SMZ and is as accurate a predictor as KA for the carriage of MRO.},
}

Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
Bacteria/drug effects/growth & development/*isolation & purification
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Corynebacterium/drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification
Culture Media
Drug Combinations/pharmacology
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification
Feces/microbiology
Humans
Kanamycin/*pharmacology
Rectum/microbiology
Sepsis/microbiology
Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification
Sulfamethoxazole/*pharmacology
Trimethoprim/*pharmacology
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

@article {pmid3319373,
year = {1987},
author = {Sherlock, CH and Burdge, DR and Smith, JA},
title = {Does Aeromonas hydrophila preferentially colonize the bowels of patients with hematologic malignancies?.},
journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {63-68},
doi = {10.1016/0732-8893(87)90072-1},
pmid = {3319373},
issn = {0732-8893},
mesh = {Adult ; Aeromonas/*isolation & purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Infections/*complications/drug therapy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*complications ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutropenia/etiology ; },
abstract = {Weekly cultures of stools from neutropenic patients and bone marrow transplant recipients yielded Aeromonas hydrophila from 8% of 88 patients over a 2-yr period. During this time stools in the routine enteric laboratory yielded A. hydrophila in 0.24% of 1632 patients. Although the patient groups and culture methods were not directly comparable, this significant difference in isolation rate (p less than 0.001) may reflect a higher colonization rate in the immunocompromised patient.},
}

Adult
Aeromonas/*isolation & purification
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Bacterial Infections/*complications/drug therapy
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Feces/microbiology
Female
Humans
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*complications
Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*complications
Male
Middle Aged
Neutropenia/etiology

@article {pmid3326742,
year = {1987},
author = {Pfaller, M and Cabezudo, I and Koontz, F and Bale, M and Gingrich, R},
title = {Predictive value of surveillance cultures for systemic infection due to Candida species.},
journal = {European journal of clinical microbiology},
volume = {6},
number = {6},
pages = {628-633},
pmid = {3326742},
issn = {0722-2211},
mesh = {Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Candida/*isolation & purification ; Candidiasis/complications/*diagnosis ; Feces/*microbiology ; Humans ; Leukemia/complications ; Oropharynx/*microbiology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Urine/*microbiology ; },
abstract = {Weekly fungal surveillance cultures (1,542 cultures) of urine (475), stool (520) and oropharyngeal (547) specimens from 111 patients on the bone marrow transplant and hematologic malignancy services were analyzed. Forty-three percent of the patients were colonized by Candida albicans and 10.8% by Candida tropicalis. There were 22 proven systemic fungal infections, ten due to Candida albicans, eight to Candida tropicalis, one each to Candida pseudotropicalis and Torulopsis glabrata, and two to Aspergillus species. Positive surveillance cultures for Candida tropicalis were highly predictive of systemic infection. The finding of two or more positive cultures yielded high positive predictive values (100%) as a function of body site. Positive surveillance cultures for Candida albicans were not predictive of disease but negative cultures for Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis had a high negative predictive value (95-99%). Surveillance culture data for specific Candida species may aid in diagnostic and therapeutic decision making.},
}

Bone Marrow Transplantation
Candida/*isolation & purification
Candidiasis/complications/*diagnosis
Feces/*microbiology
Humans
Leukemia/complications
Oropharynx/*microbiology
Predictive Value of Tests
Urine/*microbiology

@article {pmid3375583,
year = {1988},
author = {McKellar, QA and Eckersall, PD and Duncan, JL and Armour, J},
title = {Forms of bovine pepsinogen in plasma from cattle with three different 'syndromes' of Ostertagia ostertagi infection.},
journal = {Research in veterinary science},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {29-32},
pmid = {3375583},
issn = {0034-5288},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/blood/*parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; Ostertagiasis/blood/*veterinary ; Parasite Egg Count/veterinary ; Pepsinogens/*blood ; Trichostrongyloidiasis/*veterinary ; },
abstract = {Calves infected orally with third stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi or infected with adult O ostertagi by direct transplantation into the abomasum had raised plasma pepsinogen activity, as did four-year-old dairy cattle challenged with O ostertagi third stage larvae on five occasions. Using fast protein liquid chromatography two forms of pepsinogen; pepsinogen 1 (PG1) and pepsinogen 2 (PG2) were identified in each of the parasitic infection regimes.},
}

Animals
Cattle
Cattle Diseases/blood/*parasitology
Feces/parasitology
Ostertagiasis/blood/*veterinary
Parasite Egg Count/veterinary
Pepsinogens/*blood
Trichostrongyloidiasis/*veterinary

@article {pmid3424438,
year = {1987},
author = {Larson, G and Falk, P and Andersson, L and Hoskins, LC},
title = {Shedding of epithelial blood group active glycosphingolipids and their degradation by bacterial glycosidases.},
journal = {Transplantation proceedings},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {4433-4434},
pmid = {3424438},
issn = {0041-1345},
mesh = {ABO Blood-Group System/*immunology ; Bacteria/enzymology ; Epithelium/immunology ; Feces/immunology ; Glycoside Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Glycosphingolipids/immunology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Intestines/*immunology ; Lewis Blood Group Antigens/*immunology ; Meconium/*immunology ; },
}

ABO Blood-Group System/*immunology
Bacteria/enzymology
Epithelium/immunology
Feces/immunology
Glycoside Hydrolases/*metabolism
Glycosphingolipids/immunology/*metabolism
Humans
Intestines/*immunology
Lewis Blood Group Antigens/*immunology
Meconium/*immunology

@article {pmid3515722,
year = {1986},
author = {Gittes, RF},
title = {Carcinogenesis in ureterosigmoidostomy.},
journal = {The Urologic clinics of North America},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {201-205},
pmid = {3515722},
issn = {0094-0143},
mesh = {Adenocarcinoma/*etiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Bladder Exstrophy/*surgery ; Child ; Colon, Sigmoid/surgery ; Colostomy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Ileum/transplantation ; Intestinal Polyps/etiology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; *Postoperative Complications ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Retrospective Studies ; Sigmoid Neoplasms/*etiology ; Time Factors ; Ureter/surgery ; Ureteral Neoplasms/*etiology ; *Urinary Diversion ; },
abstract = {Both clinical and experimental observations establish that an adenocarcinoma of the colon is likely to occur at the suture line of ureterosigmoidostomy. The carcinogenesis depends on the initial presence of urine, feces, urothelium, and colonic epithelium in close apposition at a healing suture line. It does not occur in isolated colon loops used for urinary diversion. In our rat model, tumors were completely prevented by interposing ileum between the urothelium and colon. Clinical prevention requires that accurate hospital registries of patients at risk be established and that repeated annual colonoscopy be carried out on all of them.},
}

Adenocarcinoma/*etiology
Adult
Animals
Bladder Exstrophy/*surgery
Child
Colon, Sigmoid/surgery
Colostomy
Disease Models, Animal
Female
Humans
Ileum/transplantation
Intestinal Polyps/etiology
Neoplasm Metastasis
*Postoperative Complications
Rats
Rats, Inbred Strains
Retrospective Studies
Sigmoid Neoplasms/*etiology
Time Factors
Ureter/surgery
Ureteral Neoplasms/*etiology
*Urinary Diversion

@article {pmid3543199,
year = {1986},
author = {Koopman, BJ and van der Molen, JC and Haagsma, EB and Huizenga, JR and Krom, RA and Nagel, GT and Gips, CH and Wolthers, BG},
title = {Measurements of prednisolone and some of its metabolites, in urine of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation, as a means of monitoring prednisolone absorption.},
journal = {Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie},
volume = {24},
number = {11},
pages = {831-839},
doi = {10.1515/cclm.1986.24.11.831},
pmid = {3543199},
issn = {0340-076X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Biotransformation ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography, Gas ; Fats/analysis ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; *Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisolone/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/*urine ; Prednisone/urine ; },
abstract = {In patients who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation, malabsorption of prednisolone or increased metabolism of prednisolone was suspected. In order to rule out this possibility, urinary prednisolone, and some of its metabolites, viz prednisone and 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone, were determined by means of a gas chromatographic assay. To evaluate this assay aliquots of a pooled urine from several of our patients were analysed in multiplicate (n = 10). Mean prednisone, prednisolone and 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone concentrations of 1.9 mg/l, 6.3 mg/l and 4.1 mg/l, respectively, were found with the following respective day-to-day coefficients of variation: 12.3%, 5.2% and 5.3%. Amounts of prednisolone metabolites excreted in the urine of these patients were correlated with the ingested daily dose of prednisolone. It was concluded that overall absorption of prednisolone in these patients was adequate and not influenced by shortage of bile acids in the gastro-intestinal tract, or by steatorrhoea, both caused by external bile drainage. In addition there was no evidence for increased metabolism of prednisolone.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Biotransformation
Child, Preschool
Chromatography, Gas
Fats/analysis
Feces/analysis
Female
Humans
Intestinal Absorption
*Liver Transplantation
Male
Middle Aged
Prednisolone/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/*urine
Prednisone/urine

@article {pmid3593674,
year = {1987},
author = {Ivan, M},
title = {Absorption and secretion of 65Zn in the stomach and intestinal tract of sheep exchanging digesta via duodenal re-entrant cannulas.},
journal = {The British journal of nutrition},
volume = {57},
number = {3},
pages = {479-488},
doi = {10.1079/bjn19870055},
pmid = {3593674},
issn = {0007-1145},
mesh = {Animals ; Digestive System/*metabolism ; Feces/analysis ; Gastrointestinal Contents/*metabolism/transplantation ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Sheep/*metabolism ; Zinc/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The absorption and secretion of 65Zn in the stomach and intestinal tract regions was studied in sets of two and three sheep which were exchanging digesta via re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum. One sheep from each of the three three-sheep sets was dosed intraruminally with the radioisotope. One sheep from the three two-sheep sets received an intravenous dose. Measurements of 65Zn in blood plasma from intraruminally dosed sheep showed that there was no apparent absorption from the stomach region. Measurements from sheep receiving radioactive digesta intraduodenally showed that mean apparent absorption of 65Zn was 0.07 and mean true absorption was 0.103. There was a large variation in endogenous recycling of 65Zn into the stomach region. Secretion of 65Zn into the stomach and intestinal regions in the intravenously dosed sheep of the two-sheep sets was calculated on the basis of total recovery over 10 d in the digesta and faeces. The present study showed that for every 1 molecule Zn secreted into the stomach region, 2.1 molecules were secreted into the intestinal tract region.},
}

Animals
Digestive System/*metabolism
Feces/analysis
Gastrointestinal Contents/*metabolism/transplantation
*Intestinal Absorption
Male
Sheep/*metabolism
Zinc/*metabolism

@article {pmid3640591,
year = {1986},
author = {Wingard, JR and Dick, J and Charache, P and Saral, R},
title = {Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in surveillance stool cultures of patients with prolonged neutropenia.},
journal = {Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {435-439},
pmid = {3640591},
issn = {0066-4804},
support = {CA-15396/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; CAO-6973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Agranulocytosis/*microbiology ; Aminoglycosides/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Carbenicillin/pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Feces/*microbiology ; Humans ; Leukemia/complications ; Neutropenia/*microbiology ; Penicillin Resistance ; },
abstract = {The value of stool surveillance for antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria was analyzed in 86 neutropenic bone marrow transplant patients. Twice-weekly specimens were inoculated onto culture medium containing gentamicin plus carbenicillin. The recovered organisms were identified to the species level and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Forty-eight resistant organisms were recovered from 35 patients. Thirteen isolates persistently colonized patients. Escherichia coli (29%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%) were the most frequently recovered organisms. Although most organisms were recovered while patients were on antibiotics, 15 isolates, including eight of nine resistant P. aeruginosa, were detected before antibiotics were initiated. The duration of antibiotic use was longer for patients persistently colonized than for those not colonized (P = 0.03). Of the 15 resistant organisms which caused infection, 12 were detected in the surveillance cultures. Infections by antibiotic-resistant organisms occurred more frequently in patients colonized than in those not colonized (P = 0.006) and more frequently in patients persistently colonized than in those colonized only once (P = 0.01). The absence of colonization or persistent colonization correlated well with the absence of infection (negative predictive values of 94 and 91%, respectively).},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Agranulocytosis/*microbiology
Aminoglycosides/pharmacology
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
Carbenicillin/pharmacology
Child
Child, Preschool
Feces/*microbiology
Humans
Leukemia/complications
Neutropenia/*microbiology
Penicillin Resistance

@article {pmid3696779,
year = {1987},
author = {Behnke, JM and Williams, DJ and Hannah, J and Pritchard, DI},
title = {Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): the capacity of adult worms to survive following transplantation to recipient mice.},
journal = {Parasitology},
volume = {95 (Pt 3)},
number = {},
pages = {569-581},
doi = {10.1017/s0031182000057991},
pmid = {3696779},
issn = {0031-1820},
mesh = {Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Gerbillinae ; Heligmosomatoidea/immunology/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Nematode Infections/*immunology/parasitology ; Parasite Egg Count ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Chronic primary infections with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius) are still relatively poorly documented, particularly in relation to the role of host resistance in limiting worm survival. In the present work the duration of infection with H. polygyrus was studied in CFLP mice given doses of infective larvae ranging from 50 to 500 L3. The least heavily infected (50 L3) group ceased egg production earliest (week 36) whereas eggs were still detected in the faeces of mice given 500 larvae in week 42. At autopsy (week 42) mice given 50 larvae had virtually lost their entire worm burden with 5 out of 11 mice still harbouring a single worm each. However, all the mice in the group given 500 larvae were still infected, the highest worm burden being 93. The concentration of serum IgG1 and specific antibody was highest in mice given 500 larvae, but sera taken from mice with declining worm burdens 19-38 weeks post-infection did not contain detectable host-protective antibody. During the course of infection in CFLP mice, H. polygyrus sustained irreversible changes in its capacity for subsequent survival. Thus, adult worms transferred to naive mice 2, 7, 14, 30 or 36 weeks post-infection did not live longer than worms of a comparable age in the respective donor group. In contrast, primary infection worms taken from jirds in which expulsion is usually completed by 6 weeks post-infection, re-established in mice and survived considerably longer than in the group of donor jirds. These results were discussed in relation to the possible interactions between parasite senility and immunomodulation, and host resistance in limiting primary infections with H. polygyrus in mice and jirds.},
}

Animals
Antibodies, Helminth/immunology
Antibody Specificity
Feces/parasitology
Female
Gerbillinae
Heligmosomatoidea/immunology/isolation & purification/*physiology
Host-Parasite Interactions
Immunoglobulin G/analysis
Male
Mice
Nematode Infections/*immunology/parasitology
Parasite Egg Count
Time Factors

@article {pmid3699065,
year = {1986},
author = {Ogihara, I and Kojima, S and Jay, M},
title = {Tumor uptake of 67Ga-carrying liposomes.},
journal = {European journal of nuclear medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {405-411},
pmid = {3699065},
issn = {0340-6997},
mesh = {Animals ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/*diagnostic imaging ; *Gallium Radioisotopes ; Liposomes/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Tissue Distribution ; },
abstract = {The in vivo distribution, excretion, and tumor localization of liposome-encapsulated 67Ga in normal and Ehrlich tumor (solid form)-bearing mice were studied. In normal mice, multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) were taken up mainly by the liver and spleen, whereas small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) exhibited a broader tissue distribution. When 67Ga was encapsulated in MLVs or SUVs, the excretion of the radiotracer in the urine and feces was less than that observed for free tracer at 72 h after i.v. administration. In tumor-bearing mice, SUVs were found to accumulate preferentially in tumors. The tumor uptake of neutral, positive, and negative SUVs was 10%-13% of the administered dose per gram of tumor tissue at 24 h after their injection. These values were about three times higher than those found for free 67Ga-nitrilotriacetic acid (67Ga-NTA) or 67Ga-citrate. Significant differences in tumor uptake due to different surface charges of liposomes were not observed. Enhanced tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were also observed at 24 h after injection. These results suggest that 67Ga-carrying liposomes may be a useful for tumor imaging.},
}

Animals
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/*diagnostic imaging
*Gallium Radioisotopes
Liposomes/*administration & dosage
Male
Mice
Neoplasm Transplantation
Radionuclide Imaging
Tissue Distribution

@article {pmid3738234,
year = {1986},
author = {McKellar, Q and Duncan, JL and Armour, J and McWilliam, P},
title = {Response to transplanted adult Ostertagia ostertagi in calves.},
journal = {Research in veterinary science},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {367-371},
pmid = {3738234},
issn = {0034-5288},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/enzymology/*parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; Ostertagiasis/enzymology/*veterinary ; Parasite Egg Count/veterinary ; Pepsinogens/*blood ; Trichostrongyloidiasis/*veterinary ; },
abstract = {Plasma pepsinogen levels became elevated in groups of recipient calves immediately after transplant with adult Ostertagia ostertagi. These rises occurred in both previously parasite-naive calves and in calves which had experienced prior infection terminated with an anthelmintic either seven or 21 days before transplant. From the results it appears that adult O ostertagi play a significant role in the elevated plasma pepsinogen levels associated with bovine ostertagiasis.},
}

Animals
Cattle
Cattle Diseases/enzymology/*parasitology
Feces/parasitology
Ostertagiasis/enzymology/*veterinary
Parasite Egg Count/veterinary
Pepsinogens/*blood
Trichostrongyloidiasis/*veterinary

@article {pmid3883760,
year = {1985},
author = {Hoy, WE and Sargent, JA and Hall, D and McKenna, BA and Pabico, RC and Freeman, RB and Yarger, JM and Byer, BM},
title = {Protein catabolism during the postoperative course after renal transplantation.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {186-190},
doi = {10.1016/s0272-6386(85)80049-4},
pmid = {3883760},
issn = {0272-6386},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Protein catabolic rate (PCR) was measured daily by computerized mass balance studies in 50 subjects during hospitalization after renal transplant. All subjects received 60 mg prednisone per day. PCR rose over the first 3 to 4 postoperative days and then stabilized at an accelerated level, which was sustained through the third posttransplant week. Rejection therapy with either 3 mg/kg/d prednisone or 15 mg/kg/d of methylprednisolone for 3 days further increased PCR, but there was no difference in PCR between these two regimens. Protein restriction did not decrease PCR and subjects offered a higher protein diet did not have further acceleration of PCR. We conclude that 60 mg/kg/d prednisone produces an obligatory acceleration of PCR that is further accentuated by higher steroid doses. The use of minimal maintenance doses of prednisone consistent with adequate immunosuppression seems wise. Protein balance may be improved if protein intake is increased to match individual rates of accelerated protein catabolism.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Dietary Proteins/metabolism
Feces/analysis
Female
Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
Graft Rejection
Humans
*Kidney Transplantation
Male
Middle Aged
Postoperative Period
Proteins/*metabolism
Time Factors

@article {pmid3897955,
year = {1985},
author = {Nawa, Y and Kiyota, M and Korenaga, M and Kotani, M},
title = {Defective protective capacity of W/Wv mice against Strongyloides ratti infection and its reconstitution with bone marrow cells.},
journal = {Parasite immunology},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {429-438},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00088.x},
pmid = {3897955},
issn = {0141-9838},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Feces/parasitology ; Mast Cells/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/*immunology/parasitology ; Strongyloides ; Strongyloidiasis/*immunology ; },
abstract = {The susceptibility of congenitally anemic, and mast cell deficient W/Wv mice to infection with Strongyloides ratti was examined. After a primary infection, W/Wv mice showed greater and more persistent peak larval counts than did normal littermates. Worm expulsion was also slower in W/Wv mice than in +/+ mice. Furthermore, difference in susceptibility was expressed as early as 24 h after infection, suggesting not only that protective mechanisms of the gut but also of the connective tissue were defective in W/Wv mice. Reconstitution with bone marrow or spleen cells from +/+ mice was effective in restoring the protective response in W/Wv mice, whereas thymocytes or mesenteric lymph nodes had no effect. Both connective tissue and mucosal mast cells were repaired in W/Wv mice after marrow reconstitution and infection. Since relatively long incubation period was required for the expression of such reconstituting activities, bone marrow cells seem to contain precursor cells of the effector and/or regulator cells.},
}

Animals
Bone Marrow Cells
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Feces/parasitology
Mast Cells/*immunology
Mice
Mice, Mutant Strains/*immunology/parasitology
Strongyloides
Strongyloidiasis/*immunology

@article {pmid3984649,
year = {1985},
author = {Schrøder, HM and Hovendal, C},
title = {Salmonella sepsis following posttraumatic splenectomy and implantation of autologous splenic tissue.},
journal = {Acta chirurgica Scandinavica},
volume = {151},
number = {1},
pages = {11-12},
pmid = {3984649},
issn = {0001-5482},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Reoperation ; Salmonella Infections/*etiology/therapy ; Sepsis/*etiology/therapy ; Spleen/*transplantation ; Splenectomy/*adverse effects ; Splenic Artery/injuries ; Transplantation, Autologous/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {A severe complication following implantation of autologous splenic tissue occurred in a 51-year-old man. Indirect injury to abdomen resulted in a lesion of the splenic artery. Following splenectomy and reimplantation of splenic tissue into three pouches, a severe Salmonella sepsis developed within 24 hours. At second look laparotomy two pouches were infected. Recently there had been moderate signs of gastroenteritis and the same bacteria was cultivated from feces. Modifications of the implantation procedure are discussed.},
}

Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Postoperative Complications
Reoperation
Salmonella Infections/*etiology/therapy
Sepsis/*etiology/therapy
Spleen/*transplantation
Splenectomy/*adverse effects
Splenic Artery/injuries
Transplantation, Autologous/*adverse effects

@article {pmid4151810,
year = {1974},
author = {Lopez, C and Biggar, WD and Park, BH and Good, RA},
title = {Nonparalytic poliovirus infections in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
volume = {84},
number = {4},
pages = {497-502},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-3476(74)80667-0},
pmid = {4151810},
issn = {0022-3476},
mesh = {Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Reaction ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis/*etiology/immunology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Poliomyelitis/etiology/*immunology ; Poliovirus/isolation & purification ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/*adverse effects ; },
}

Bone Marrow Cells
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Feces/microbiology
Female
Graft vs Host Reaction
Humans
Immunity, Cellular
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis/*etiology/immunology
Lymphocytes/immunology
Male
Poliomyelitis/etiology/*immunology
Poliovirus/isolation & purification
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/*adverse effects

@article {pmid4193821,
year = {1970},
author = {Suskova, VS and Khasigov, PZ and Chernov, VA and Karpov, VL and Serebriakov, NG},
title = {[Distribution and excretion of aurantin-Cl4 from intact mice and mice with transplantable tumors].},
journal = {Antibiotiki},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {437-441},
pmid = {4193821},
issn = {0003-5637},
mesh = {Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*metabolism ; Bile/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes ; Dogs ; Feces/analysis ; Flavonoids/administration & dosage/analysis/blood/metabolism/urine ; Injections, Intravenous ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Intestine, Small/analysis ; Kidney/analysis ; Leukemia, Experimental/*metabolism ; Liver/analysis ; Lung/analysis ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Spleen/analysis ; Thymus Gland/analysis ; Time Factors ; },
}

Animals
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*metabolism
Bile/analysis
Carbon Isotopes
Dogs
Feces/analysis
Flavonoids/administration & dosage/analysis/blood/metabolism/urine
Injections, Intravenous
Injections, Subcutaneous
Intestine, Small/analysis
Kidney/analysis
Leukemia, Experimental/*metabolism
Liver/analysis
Lung/analysis
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*metabolism
Male
Mice
Spleen/analysis
Thymus Gland/analysis
Time Factors

@article {pmid4195192,
year = {1970},
author = {Oddie, TH and Flanigan, WJ and Fisher, DA},
title = {Iodine and thyroxine metabolism in anephric patients receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {277-282},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-31-3-277},
pmid = {4195192},
issn = {0021-972X},
mesh = {Adult ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides/*metabolism/urine ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; *Peritoneal Dialysis ; Saliva/analysis ; Sweat/analysis ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland/physiology ; Thyrotropin/blood ; Thyroxine/blood/*metabolism ; Thyroxine-Binding Proteins/analysis ; },
}

Adult
Feces/analysis
Female
Humans
Iodides/*metabolism/urine
Iodine Radioisotopes
Kidney Transplantation
Kinetics
Male
Middle Aged
Nephrectomy
*Peritoneal Dialysis
Saliva/analysis
Sweat/analysis
Thyroid Function Tests
Thyroid Gland/physiology
Thyrotropin/blood
Thyroxine/blood/*metabolism
Thyroxine-Binding Proteins/analysis

@article {pmid4196098,
year = {1970},
author = {Balish, E and Pearson, TA and Chaskes, S},
title = {Irradiated humans: microbial flora, immunoglobulins, complement (C'3), transferrin, agglutinins, and bacteriocidins.},
journal = {Radiation research},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {729-756},
pmid = {4196098},
issn = {0033-7587},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibodies/*radiation effects ; Blood Proteins/*radiation effects ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Candida/isolation & purification ; Clostridium/isolation & purification ; Complement System Proteins/*radiation effects ; Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/radiation effects ; Immunoglobulin M/radiation effects ; Klebsiella/isolation & purification ; Lactobacillus/isolation & purification ; Male ; Nose/microbiology ; Pharynx/microbiology ; Radiation Injuries/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Skin/microbiology ; Staphylococcus/isolation & purification ; Streptococcus/isolation & purification ; Transferrin/*radiation effects ; gamma-Globulins/*radiation effects ; },
}

Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Antibodies/*radiation effects
Blood Proteins/*radiation effects
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Candida/isolation & purification
Clostridium/isolation & purification
Complement System Proteins/*radiation effects
Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification
Escherichia coli/isolation & purification
Feces/microbiology
Humans
Immunoglobulin G/radiation effects
Immunoglobulin M/radiation effects
Klebsiella/isolation & purification
Lactobacillus/isolation & purification
Male
Nose/microbiology
Pharynx/microbiology
Radiation Injuries/drug therapy/*microbiology
Skin/microbiology
Staphylococcus/isolation & purification
Streptococcus/isolation & purification
Transferrin/*radiation effects
gamma-Globulins/*radiation effects

@article {pmid4196652,
year = {1973},
author = {Smith, RF and Dayton, SL},
title = {Colonization of burns by Streptococcus faecalis related to contaminated porcine xenografts.},
journal = {Texas reports on biology and medicine},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {47-54},
pmid = {4196652},
issn = {0040-4675},
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Animals ; Bacteriuria ; Burns/*microbiology/therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enterococcus faecalis/*isolation & purification ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Sepsis ; Skin/microbiology ; Skin Transplantation ; Staphylococcus/isolation & purification ; Swine ; Time Factors ; *Transplantation, Heterologous ; },
}

Acute Disease
Adolescent
Animals
Bacteriuria
Burns/*microbiology/therapy
Child
Child, Preschool
Enterococcus faecalis/*isolation & purification
Feces/microbiology
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Sepsis
Skin/microbiology
Skin Transplantation
Staphylococcus/isolation & purification
Swine
Time Factors
*Transplantation, Heterologous

@article {pmid4199579,
year = {1973},
author = {Bodey, GP},
title = {Patient isolation units for cancer patients treated with chemical immunosuppressive agents.},
journal = {Transplantation proceedings},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {1279-1284},
pmid = {4199579},
issn = {0041-1345},
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Air Microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Feces/microbiology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Infection Control ; Leukemia/drug therapy/*therapy ; Leukocyte Count ; *Patient Isolators ; Pharynx/microbiology ; Water Microbiology ; },
}

Acute Disease
Air Microbiology
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Feces/microbiology
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
Infection Control
Leukemia/drug therapy/*therapy
Leukocyte Count
*Patient Isolators
Pharynx/microbiology
Water Microbiology

@article {pmid4275344,
year = {1973},
author = {Coburn, JW and Hartenbower, DL and Massry, SG},
title = {Intestinal absorption of calcium and the effect of renal insufficiency.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {96-104},
doi = {10.1038/ki.1973.88},
pmid = {4275344},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Biological Transport, Active ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Calcium, Dietary/metabolism ; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/drug therapy ; Diffusion ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/metabolism ; Feces/analysis ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Mucosa/physiology ; Intestine, Small/physiopathology ; Kidney Transplantation ; Parathyroid Glands/physiology ; Prednisone/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Renal Dialysis ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Uremia/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/physiology ; },
}

Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
Biological Transport, Active
Calcium/analysis/*metabolism/therapeutic use
Calcium Radioisotopes
Calcium, Dietary/metabolism
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/drug therapy
Diffusion
Dihydroxycholecalciferols/metabolism
Feces/analysis
Homeostasis
Humans
*Intestinal Absorption
Intestinal Mucosa/physiology
Intestine, Small/physiopathology
Kidney Transplantation
Parathyroid Glands/physiology
Prednisone/pharmacology
Protein Binding
Renal Dialysis
Transplantation, Homologous
Uremia/*metabolism
Vitamin D/physiology

@article {pmid4300189,
year = {1968},
author = {Avioli, LV and Birge, S and Lee, SW and Slatopolsky, E},
title = {The metabolic fate of vitamin D3-3H in chronic renal failure.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {47},
number = {10},
pages = {2239-2252},
pmid = {4300189},
issn = {0021-9738},
mesh = {Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Chloroform ; Cholecalciferol/analysis/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Chromatography ; Electrophoresis ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood/*metabolism ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome/metabolism ; Proteinuria ; Pyelonephritis/metabolism ; Rats ; Renal Dialysis ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Tritium ; },
abstract = {The absorption and metabolism of vitamin D(3)-(3)H was studied in eight patients with chronic renal failure. Although the intestinal absorption of vitamin D(3)-(3)H was normal, the metabolic fate of the vitamin was abnormal as characterized by a twofold increase in fractional turnover rate, an abnormal accumulation of biologically inactive lipid-soluble metabolites, and the urinary excretion of both vitamin D(3)-(3)H and biologically inactive metabolites. Neither alterations in water-soluble vitamin D(3) metabolites nor qualitative abnormalities in protein-binding of vitamin D(3) were observed in the uremic subjects. Although hemodialysis proved ineffectual in reversing the observed abnormalities in vitamin D(3) metabolism and excretion, renal homotransplantation was completely successful in this regard. These experiments support the conclusion that the resistance to therapeutic doses of vitamin D often seen in patients with chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy results from an acquired defect in the metabolism and excretion of vitamin D.},
}

Adult
Alkaline Phosphatase/blood
Animals
Biological Assay
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Chloroform
Cholecalciferol/analysis/blood/*metabolism/urine
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Feces/analysis
Female
Glomerulonephritis/metabolism
Humans
Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood/*metabolism
Kidney Transplantation
Male
Nephrotic Syndrome/metabolism
Proteinuria
Pyelonephritis/metabolism
Rats
Renal Dialysis
Transplantation, Homologous
Tritium

@article {pmid4328377,
year = {1970},
author = {Hussey, JL and Kisken, WA},
title = {Amelioration of the side effects of cyclophosphamide.},
journal = {Surgical forum},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {109-111},
pmid = {4328377},
issn = {0071-8041},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Ampicillin/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cloxacillin/administration & dosage ; Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Dehydration/chemically induced ; Diarrhea/chemically induced ; Dogs ; Feces/microbiology ; Graft Rejection ; Hematuria/chemically induced ; Injections, Intravenous ; Melena/chemically induced ; Neomycin/administration & dosage ; Nystatin/administration & dosage ; Pharynx/microbiology ; Polymyxins/administration & dosage ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Urine/microbiology ; Vomiting/chemically induced ; },
}

Administration, Oral
Ampicillin/administration & dosage
Animals
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Cloxacillin/administration & dosage
Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
Dehydration/chemically induced
Diarrhea/chemically induced
Dogs
Feces/microbiology
Graft Rejection
Hematuria/chemically induced
Injections, Intravenous
Melena/chemically induced
Neomycin/administration & dosage
Nystatin/administration & dosage
Pharynx/microbiology
Polymyxins/administration & dosage
Transplantation, Homologous
Urine/microbiology
Vomiting/chemically induced

@article {pmid4330458,
year = {1971},
author = {Benveniste, J and Lespinats, G and Adam, C and Salomon, JC},
title = {Immunoglobulins in intact, immunized, and contaminated axenic mice: study of serum IgA.},
journal = {Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {1647-1655},
pmid = {4330458},
issn = {0022-1767},
mesh = {Absorption ; Animals ; *Antibody Formation ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Corynebacterium/immunology ; Digestive System/microbiology ; Feces/immunology ; *Germ-Free Life ; *Immunization ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoglobulin A/analysis ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins/*analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Myeloma Proteins ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; Poliovirus ; Prednisolone/pharmacology ; Salmonella typhi/immunology ; },
}

Absorption
Animals
*Antibody Formation
Antibody Specificity
Antigens
Antigens, Bacterial
Corynebacterium/immunology
Digestive System/microbiology
Feces/immunology
*Germ-Free Life
*Immunization
Immunodiffusion
Immunoglobulin A/analysis
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulins/*analysis
Mice
Mice, Inbred Strains
Myeloma Proteins
Neoplasm Transplantation
Neoplasms, Experimental
Poliovirus
Prednisolone/pharmacology
Salmonella typhi/immunology

@article {pmid4360465,
year = {1974},
author = {Lopez, C and Simmons, RL and Mauer, SM and Najarian, JS and Good, RA and Gentry, S},
title = {Association of renal allograft rejection with virus infections.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {56},
number = {3},
pages = {280-289},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(74)90609-3},
pmid = {4360465},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Biopsy ; Complement Fixation Tests ; Creatinine/blood ; Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification ; Feces/microbiology ; Fever/etiology ; *Graft Rejection ; Herpes Simplex/complications ; Herpes Zoster/complications/microbiology ; Herpesviridae Infections/complications/microbiology ; Humans ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Kidney/pathology ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Leukopenia/etiology ; Neutralization Tests ; Simplexvirus/isolation & purification ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Urine/microbiology ; Virus Diseases/*complications ; },
}

Biopsy
Complement Fixation Tests
Creatinine/blood
Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification
Feces/microbiology
Fever/etiology
*Graft Rejection
Herpes Simplex/complications
Herpes Zoster/complications/microbiology
Herpesviridae Infections/complications/microbiology
Humans
Immunosuppression Therapy
Kidney/pathology
*Kidney Transplantation
Leukopenia/etiology
Neutralization Tests
Simplexvirus/isolation & purification
Transplantation, Homologous
Urine/microbiology
Virus Diseases/*complications

@article {pmid4392380,
year = {1970},
author = {Cornelius, EA},
title = {Protein-losing enteropathy in the graft-versus-host reaction.},
journal = {Transplantation},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {247-252},
doi = {10.1097/00007890-197003000-00008},
pmid = {4392380},
issn = {0041-1337},
mesh = {Animals ; Blood Proteins/analysis ; Chromium Isotopes ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease/pathology ; *Graft vs Host Reaction ; Humans ; Jejunum/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Protein-Losing Enteropathies/*complications/pathology ; },
}

Animals
Blood Proteins/analysis
Chromium Isotopes
Feces/analysis
Female
Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
*Graft vs Host Reaction
Humans
Jejunum/pathology
Male
Mice
Protein-Losing Enteropathies/*complications/pathology

@article {pmid4395326,
year = {1971},
author = {Solberg, CO and Meuwissen, HJ and Needham, RN and Good, RA and Matsen, JM},
title = {Infectious complications in bone marrow transplant patients.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {1},
number = {5739},
pages = {18-23},
pmid = {4395326},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Antilymphocyte Serum/adverse effects ; Blood/microbiology ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Candidiasis/epidemiology/etiology ; Child ; Cross Infection ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Reaction ; Haemophilus Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Infant ; Infections/*etiology ; Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology ; Male ; Patient Isolators ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/etiology ; *Postoperative Complications ; Sepsis/epidemiology/etiology/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Transplantation, Homologous ; },
abstract = {In 11 patients receiving transplants of allogeneic bone marrow, the graft was successful in six. Nine patients developed infections, and six died-five of septicaemia and one of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Fifty individual infections occurred. Predisposing factors included severe underlying diseases, long-term exposure to resistant hospital organisms, heavy immunosuppressive therapy, and graft-versus-host disease. Gram-negative bacilli and Candida albicans were the most common causative organisms. In every instance of septicaemia identical organisms were isolated from blood cultures and simultaneously obtained stool cultures. Infection with exogenous organisms often occurred in patients occupying conventional isolation rooms. Isolation of one patient for 45 days in a laminar air flow room prevented infection with exogenous organisms.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Antilymphocyte Serum/adverse effects
Blood/microbiology
*Bone Marrow Transplantation
Candidiasis/epidemiology/etiology
Child
Cross Infection
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Feces/microbiology
Female
Graft vs Host Reaction
Haemophilus Infections/epidemiology
Humans
Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects
Infant
Infections/*etiology
Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology
Male
Patient Isolators
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/etiology
*Postoperative Complications
Sepsis/epidemiology/etiology/microbiology
Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
Transplantation, Homologous

@article {pmid4399728,
year = {1971},
author = {Rothwell, TL and Dineen, JK and Love, RJ},
title = {The role of pharmacologically-active amines in resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis in the guinea-pig.},
journal = {Immunology},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
pages = {925-938},
pmid = {4399728},
issn = {0019-2805},
mesh = {5-Hydroxytryptophan/pharmacology ; Animals ; Basophils/immunology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Feces/microbiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine/pharmacology/*physiology ; Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology ; Histidine/pharmacology ; Hydrazines/pharmacology ; *Immunity/drug effects ; Immunization ; Lymph Nodes/transplantation ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Methyldopa/pharmacology ; Methysergide/pharmacology ; Parasite Egg Count ; Promethazine/pharmacology ; Pyrroles/pharmacology ; Reserpine/pharmacology ; Serotonin/pharmacology/*physiology ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Trichostrongyloidiasis/*immunology ; Tryptophan/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The role of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis in the guinea-pig has been investigated by studying the effect of amine antagonists (promethazine, mepyramine and methysergide), inhibitors of amine synthesis (α-hydrazino analogue of histidine and α-methyl dopa), depletion of tissue stores of the amines with reserpine and by attempts to elevate levels of the amines by oral administration of the amines and their immediate metabolic precursors (L-histidine, L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy-DL-tryptophan). The results show that promethazine suppressed the development of resistance during a primary infection and inhibited expulsion of the parasite in actively and adoptively immunized animals. Mepyramine and the α-hydrazino analogue of histidine inhibited expulsion of the parasite in actively immunized guinea-pigs although methysergide and α-methyl dopa were not effective. Reserpine suppressed rejection of a challenge infection in actively and adoptively immunized animals, and oral administration of the histamine precursor (L-histidine) and 5-hydroxytryptamine increased the resistance which develops during a primary infection. These results show that histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine play roles in the mechanism of resistance to T. colubriformis in the guinea-pig. It is suggested that the mechanism of resistance to the helminth is biphasic. The first phase is immunologically specific and probably involves interaction between antigens and sensitized lymphocytes, which acts as a trigger for myeloid (eosinophil and basophil) involvement and the release of pharmacologically active amines. The second phase, which is non-specific, appears to be the final effector mechanism, and involves the rejection of the parasites either directly or indirectly by the action of the amines.},
}

5-Hydroxytryptophan/pharmacology
Animals
Basophils/immunology
Eosinophils/immunology
Feces/microbiology
Guinea Pigs
Histamine/pharmacology/*physiology
Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology
Histidine/pharmacology
Hydrazines/pharmacology
*Immunity/drug effects
Immunization
Lymph Nodes/transplantation
Lymphocytes/immunology
Methyldopa/pharmacology
Methysergide/pharmacology
Parasite Egg Count
Promethazine/pharmacology
Pyrroles/pharmacology
Reserpine/pharmacology
Serotonin/pharmacology/*physiology
Transplantation, Homologous
Trichostrongyloidiasis/*immunology
Tryptophan/pharmacology

@article {pmid4545212,
year = {1974},
author = {Stanley-Brown, EG},
title = {Massive hemorrhage after colon interposition: early and late.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric surgery},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {235-237},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-3468(74)80129-6},
pmid = {4545212},
issn = {0022-3468},
mesh = {Blood Transfusion ; Child, Preschool ; Colon/*transplantation ; Esophageal Atresia/surgery ; Esophageal Diseases/surgery ; Esophagus/*surgery ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*etiology/therapy ; Hematemesis/etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Melena/etiology ; Peptic Ulcer/*complications ; Surgical Wound Infection/etiology ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Autologous ; },
}

Blood Transfusion
Child, Preschool
Colon/*transplantation
Esophageal Atresia/surgery
Esophageal Diseases/surgery
Esophagus/*surgery
Female
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*etiology/therapy
Hematemesis/etiology
Humans
Infant
Male
Melena/etiology
Peptic Ulcer/*complications
Surgical Wound Infection/etiology
Time Factors
Transplantation, Autologous

@article {pmid4551886,
year = {1972},
author = {Ruiz, JO and Uchida, H and Schultz, LS and Lillehei, RC},
title = {Function studies after auto- and allotransplantation and denervation of pancreaticoduodenal segments in dogs.},
journal = {American journal of surgery},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {236-242},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9610(72)90338-8},
pmid = {4551886},
issn = {0002-9610},
mesh = {Amylases/blood ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Dogs ; Drainage ; Duodenum/innervation/*transplantation ; Feces/analysis ; Hematocrit ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Insulin Secretion ; Leukocyte Count ; Lipids/analysis ; Pancreas/cytology/innervation ; *Pancreas Transplantation ; Tolbutamide/pharmacology ; Transplantation Immunology ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Xylose/metabolism ; },
}

Amylases/blood
Animals
Blood Glucose
Dogs
Drainage
Duodenum/innervation/*transplantation
Feces/analysis
Hematocrit
Insulin/*metabolism
Insulin Secretion
Leukocyte Count
Lipids/analysis
Pancreas/cytology/innervation
*Pancreas Transplantation
Tolbutamide/pharmacology
Transplantation Immunology
Transplantation, Autologous
Transplantation, Homologous
Xylose/metabolism